َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ \" َﻳﺎ َﻣ ْﻌ َ َﴩ اﻟﻨﱢ َﺴﺎ ِء َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺪ ْﻗ َﻦ\").(2)(1 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﲈ َر َة ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣ َﺴـﻦ)َ ،(3ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴﺪ َﻋـ َﲆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ \" :ا ْﻷَ ْر ُض ُﻛ ﱡﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﺴ ِﺠ ٌﺪ) (4إِ ﱠﻻ ا ْﳌَ ْﻘ َ َﱪ َة َوا َْﳊ ﱠﲈ َم\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي )ِ(5ﰲ ﺿﻤ ِﻦ َﻛ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي :وروى ﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ ُن اﻟ ﱠﺜـ ْﻮ ِر ﱡيَ ،و َ ﱠﲪـﺎ ُد ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰَ ،ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻣ ْﺮ َﺳ ٌﻞ).(6 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َ :ﱠﲪﺎ ُد ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬﻳﻦ أﺳﻨﺪوه ،وﻛﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي) ،(7ﻓـ َﲈ ذﻛـ َﺮه ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ َو ْﻫ َﻢ ﻓِﻴﻪ. ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ \" َﻳﺎ َﻣ ْﻌ َ َﴩـ اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﺴـﺎ ِء َﺗ َﺼـ ﱠﺪ ْﻗ َﻦ\"\" ﺳـﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣـﻦ )ب(. ) (2إﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻆ اﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮه اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ،ﲠﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدةِ ،ﰲ َ :ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (24) ،(295/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎ ِةَ (44) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎ ِة َﻋـ َﲆ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْ َﻷ َﻗﺎ ِر ِبَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َ \" :ﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟ َﺮا ِن َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﺮا َﺑـ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱢﺼـ ْﺪﻗ ِﺔ\" ،(1462) ،و َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒـﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨـ ُﻪ ِﰲ (6) ،(67/1) : ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ا َْﳊ ْﻴ ِﺾَ (6) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﺮ ِك ا َْﳊﺎ ِﺋ ِﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻮ َم.(304) ، ) (3ﻫﻮ اﳌﺎزﲏ واﻟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ )ص .(96 ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّيَ ،(474/31) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(7612) ، )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﺴﺠ ًﺪا\" ﺑﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺈن اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ْ ُ (6ﲢ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(483 /3) ، )ُ (7ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ) :صِ (2) ،(89ﻛ َﺘﺎب َﻣ َﻮاﻗِﻴ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َﻋ ْﻦ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ (124) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣـﺎ َﺟـﺎ َء َأ ﱠن ا ْﻷَ ْر َض ُﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﺴ ِﺠ ٌﺪ إِ ﱠﻻ ا َْﳌ ْﻘ َ َﱪ َة َوا َْﳊ َﲈ َم .(317) ،وﻗﺎل اﻟﱰﻣﺬي َ :و َﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ا ْﺿ ِﻄ َﺮا ٌب. ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻛﻢ :ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﲆ ﴍط اﻟﺒﺨﺎري وﻣﺴﻠﻢ وﱂ ﳜﺮﺟﺎه. ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ َﺗ ْﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﻪ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل :إِ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َ ،ﻓﺈِن ا ﱠﻟﺬﻳﻦ َﺿ ﱠﻌ ُﻔﻮ ُه أﺗﻘﻦ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :و ِ َﻷ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﺼـﺢ أﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪه َو ُﻫـ َﻮ َﺿ ِﻌﻴﻒ ﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﻪ . ﻓﺮد اﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﻮوي ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ َ :و َﻫ َﺬا ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻷَﻧﺎ َﻗﺮر َﻧﺎ َأن َﻫ َﺬا ا ِﻻ ْﺿ ِﻄ َﺮاب ﻏﲑ َﻗﺎ ِدحَ ،وﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ِﰲ ِر َﺟﺎﻟﻪ، َوإِ ﱠﻧ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل :إِن اﳌُْ ْﺮﺳﻞ أﺻﺢ. ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن :ا ْﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ،أ ْﺳﻨﺪ ُه َﻧﺎس ،وأرﺳﻠﻪ آ َﺧ ُﺮو َنِ ،ﻣﻨْ ُﻬﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮر ّي ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي َ :و َﻛﺄ ﱠن اﳌُْ ْﺮﺳﻞ أﺻﺢ. وﻗﺎل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ َ :و َﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻋ ﱠﺪة ﻣﻦ ا ُْﳌ ْﺨ َﺘﻠﻄﲔَ ،وإِن ﺳﻬﻴﻼ َو ِﻫ َﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َوة ﳌﻨﻬﻢ ِﻷَ ﱠﳖُ َﲈ ﺗﻐﲑاَ ،ﻓﺴﻜﺖ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ إِذا َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ \" اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴ َﺤ ْ ِﲔ \" َأو ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺤﺢ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي. ﻓﺮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ :ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻚ ُﻧ ْﻜ َﺘﺔَ ،ﻓﺈ ﱠﻧﻚ ﺻﺤﻔﻲ َﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺖ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،أﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻳﻌ ﱡﺪ ِﻫ َﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ُﻋ ْﺮ َوة ﻣﻦ اﳌُْ ْﺨ َﺘﻠﻄﲔ ؟ أﻋﻈﻢ اﷲ أﺟﺮﻧﺎ ﻓِﻴﻚ. وأﻳﺪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ اﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ ،وﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮأ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد اﳊﺪﻳﺚ. اﻧﻈﺮ :اﳌﺴﺘﺪرك ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ،ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ،(251/1) ،وﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻮﻫﻢ واﻹﳞﺎم ،ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ،(426 /5) ،وﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﰲ ﻣﻬﲈت اﻟﺴﻨﻦ وﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻹﺳﻼم ،ﻟﻠﻨﻮوي ،(321/1) ،واﻟﺒﺪر اﳌﻨﲑ ،ﻻﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ ،(126/4) ،اﻟﺮد ﻋﲆ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻮﻫﻢ واﻹﳞﺎم ،ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ.(60/1) ، 290
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨَ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ َﻮ ْﻳ ٍﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻘ ِﻔ ﱢﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َأ ﱠن َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳـﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َأ ْر ِﴈ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻷَ َﺣ ٍﺪ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ َ ِﴍ َﻛ ٌﺔَ ،و َﻻ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ٌﺔ إِ ﱠﻻ ا ُْﳉ َﻮا َر ،وأﻋﻠ َﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ) ،(1واﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ).(3)(2 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ) : (4وﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ أﺻ ٍﻞ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻤﻮ ٍع ﻟﻠ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨِﻴـ ٍﻊ)،(5 َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻣ ْﺮ َوا ُن ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺰا ِر ﱡي)َ ،(6ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋِ ِﻔﻲ)َ ،(7ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َﻋ ْﻤـ ُﺮو ْﺑـ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩـﻳ ِﺪَ ،ﻋـﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ \" :إ ﱠن ا َْﳉﺎ َر ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْو َﱃ ﺑِ َﺼ َﻘﺒِ ِﻪ\") ،(8و ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱢي ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ،و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ )ُ (1ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ) :ص (44) ،(716ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِعَ (109) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ذﻛﺮ اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻬﺎ.(4703) ، وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ. )ُ (2ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ) :ص (17) ،(425ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔَ (2) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎ ِْﳉ َﻮا ِر.(2496) ، وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ. ) (3ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(152/4) ، ) (4ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ﱠﲪﺎد ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺳﻨﺪوه ...،واﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ واﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َﺷـ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟـﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ\" ﺳـﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣـﻦ )ب(. ) (5اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ اﻟ َﺒ َﻐ ِﻮ ّي اﻷﺻﻢ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬ ِﻛ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(481 /2) ، ) (6اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﻟﻜﻮﰲ. اﻧﻈﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(295 /1) ، ) (7ﳐﺘﻠ ٌﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ: َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ. وذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(40 /7) ، َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي :ﻣﻘﺎرب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ. َو َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس ،وﻣﺮة :ﺻﻮﻳﻠﺢ ،وﻗﺎل ﻣﺮة:ﺻﺎﻟﺢَ ،وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻫ َﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺪي :ﺳﺎﺋﺮ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺜﻪ ﻳﺮوﳞﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ،وﻫﻲ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻤﺔ ،وﻫﻮ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ. ﻓﻌﻘ ﱠﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ \" :ﺛﻢ ﺧﻠﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ :ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺑﻪ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َ :ﺻ ُﺪوق ﳜﻄﻰء وﳞﻢ. َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮيَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺬاك اﻟﻘﻮي وﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ،وﻗﺎل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻘـﻮي ،ﻫـﻮ ﻟـﲔ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ، وﻗﺮﻳ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﳍﲈ ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل :ﻟﻴﺲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺑﺬاك اﻟﻘﻮي. وﻧﻘﻞ اﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺠﲇ ﻛﻼ ًﻣﺎ ﻣﻐﺎﻳ ًﺮا ﻋﲈ ذﻛﺮه ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل :ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ،ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﴚء ،وﻗﺎل ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮ ًﻻ ﺷﺪﻳ ًﺪ ًا. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ) ،رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪارﻣﻲ() ،ص ،(168 ،141وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت ،ﻟﻠﻌﺠﲇ ،(45 /2) ،واﻟ ِﻌ َﻠ َﻞ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ ،ﻟﻠﱰﻣـﺬي، ) ،(288/1وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ،(97 /5) ،واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َوا َﳌ ْ ُﱰوﻛِﲔ ،ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ) ،ص ،(198واﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء، ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺪي ،(167 /4) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت) ،ص ،(190وﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺳـﲈء اﻟﻀـﻌﻔﺎء واﻟﻜـﺬاﺑﲔ) ،ص ،(117ﻛﻼﳘـﺎ ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ،و ُﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟﱪﻗﺎﲏ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ) ،ص ،(40و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(226/15) ،وﻣﻴـﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘـﺪال ،ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ/4) ، ،(135و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(3438) ، ) (8أي أﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺸﻔﻌﺔ ،واﻟﺼﻘﺐ اﳌﻼﺻﻘﺔ واﻟﻘﺮب ،أي ﺑ َﲈ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ وﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻨﻪ=. 291
و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋِ ِﻔﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ِﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻫـ َﻮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ ،وروى إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ ُﻢ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻴ َ َﴪةَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩـﻳ ِﺪ)َ (1ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ َراﻓِـ ٍﻊَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل)َ : (2و َﺳـ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ًﺪا َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُل :ﻛِ َﻼ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺜ ْ ِﲔ ِﻋﻨْﺪي)َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ) ،(4اﻧﺘﻬﻰ. َو َﱂْ ُﻳ َﻨ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ا ْﻷَ ْﻃ َﺮا ِف َﻋ َﲆ ﳾ ٍء ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨَ ِﺪ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َنَ ،ﺻ ْﺨ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣـ ْﺮ ٍب َﻋـ َﲆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ِﻫ َﺮ ِﻗـﻞَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (5ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﳉﻬﺎدِ ﺑﺘ َﲈﻣﻪ).(6 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ :ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ِﰲ ا ِْﳉ َﻬﺎ ِد َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﲨﻴ ُﻌ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺒﺎسَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ،وإ ﱠﻧـ َﲈ اﻟﱠ ِﺬي ﻓِﻴﻪ أن أ ﱠوﻟَﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺒﺎس َ :أ ﱠن َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ إِ َﱃ َﻗ ْﻴ َ َﴫـ َﻳـ ْﺪ ُﻋﻮ ُه إِ َﱃ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم، َو َﺑ َﻌ َﺚ ﺑِﻜِ َﺘﺎﺑ ِﻪ إِﻟَﻴْ ِﻪ)َ (7ﻣ َﻊ)ِ (8د ْﺣ َﻴ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻠﺒِ ﱢﻲَ ،و َأ َﻣ َﺮ ُه َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ)َ (9أ ْن َﻳ ْﺪ َﻓ َﻌـ ُﻪ) (10إِ َﱃ َﻋ ِﻈـﻴ ِﻢ ُﺑ ْ َﴫـى؛ ِﻟﻴَ ْﺪ َﻓ َﻌ ُﻪإِ َﱃ َﻗﻴْ َ َﴫ...وﺳﺎ َق َذ ِﻟ َﻚ)ُ ،(11ﺛ ﱠﻢ َذ َﻛ َﺮﺑﻘﻴﺘﻪﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻨ ِﺪ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ِﻣ ْﻦ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒَﺎ ٍس) ،(12وﻗﺪ ذﻛ َﺮ ُه اﳌُ َﺼـ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ ِﰲ ﻣﺴﻨ ِﺪ/54أا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺒﺎ ٍس ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔا ْﺑ ِﻦ)ِ (13ﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب َﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﺒﻴْ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺘﺒَ َﺔ)َ ،(14ﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴ ِﻞ اﻟﱠ ِﺬي َذ َﻛ ْﺮ َﻧﺎ ُه).(15 = ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟﻔﺎﺋ َﻖ ِﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻟﻠﺰﳐﴩي ،(307 /2) ،وﻏﺮﻳ َﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي.(596 /1) ، ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ،وروى إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﴪة َﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ اﻟﴩﻳﺪ\" ﺳـﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (2ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (3ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ِﻋ ْﻨﺪي\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ُ (4ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ) :صِ (13) ،(323ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِمَ (31) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(158/4) ، )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"إﱃ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (8ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻊ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ. ) (9ﻛﻠﻤﺘﺎ \"ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ\" ﻛﺘﺒﺘﺎ ِﰲ )أ( َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﷲ\" ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. )ِ (10ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﺪﺣﻮه\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (11ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (102) ،(611/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب ُد َﻋﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ َس إِ َﱃ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم َواﻟﻨﱡ ُﺒـ ﱠﻮ ِةَ ،و َأ ْن َﻻ َﻳ ﱠﺘ ِﺨـ َﺬ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﺑ ْﻌ ًﻀﺎ َأ ْر َﺑﺎ ًﺑﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُدو ِن ا ِﷲ.(2940) ، ) (12ﻣﻌﻠ ًﻘﺎ ،وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﻨ ًﺪا ﺑﺮﻗﻢ.(2941) ، )ِ (13ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (14اﻟﺜﻘ ُﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﳌﺪﲏ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬ ِﻛ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(78 /1) ، ) (15ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(67/5) ، 292
َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ َأ ْﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ا ُﳌ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ ُﻫ َﻨﺎ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻘﻮ َل َ :و ِﰲ ا ِْﳉ َﻬﺎ ِد َﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﺑ َﻜـ ْ ٍﲑَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴـ ِﺚَ ،ﻋـﻦ ُﻳـﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ ﳐﺘ ًﴫاَ ،أ ﱠن ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ َﻗﺎ َل َﻟ ُﻪ َ :ﺳ َﺄ ْﻟ ُﺘ َﻚ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ)َ (1ﻛﺎ َن ﻗِ َﺘـﺎ ُﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ إِ ﱠﻳـﺎ ُه؟ َﻓ َﺰ َﻋ ْﻤـ َﺖ َأ ﱠن ا َْﳊـ ْﺮ َب ِﺳـ َﺠﺎ ٌل َو ُد َو ٌلَ ،ﻓ َﻜـ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ُﺳ ُﻞ ُﺗ ْﺒ َﺘ َﲆ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺗ ُﻜﻮ ُن َُﳍ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ ِﻗ َﺒ ُﺔ).(2 و َﻫ َﺬا َﻏ ْﲑ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ذﻛ َﺮه ِﰲ ا ِﳉ ْﺰ َﻳ ِﺔ ،وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ذﻛ َﺮه ِﰲ ا ِﳉ ْﺰ َﻳ ِﺔ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻞ اﻟ َﻮ َﻓـﺎ ِء ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻌ ْﻬـ ِﺪَ ،ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺑ َﻜ ْ ٍﲑَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ َﺲَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍبَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِﱠَ ،أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ ُه َ :أ ﱠن َﻋ ْﺒـ َﺪ ا ِﷲ ا ْﺑ َﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ ُه)َ : (3أ ﱠن َأ َﺑﺎ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ ُه َ :أ ﱠن ِﻫ َﺮ ْﻗ َﻞ َأ ْر َﺳ َﻞ إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﰲ َر ْﻛ ٍﺐ)ِ (4ﻣ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﺮ ْﻳ ٍﺶ َﻛـﺎ ُﻧﻮا ِ َﲡـﺎ ًرا ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎمِ ،ﰲ اﳌُ ﱠﺪةِ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻣﺎ ﱠد ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َأ َﺑﺎ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ِﰲ ُﻛ ﱠﻔﺎ ِر ُﻗ َﺮ ْﻳ ٍﺶ).(5 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َرﺑِﻴ َﻌ َﺔ)َ ،(6ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َرﺑِﻴﻌ َﺔ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َ :ر َأ ْﻳ ُﺖ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ﱠﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆاﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ َﻋ َﲆ َرا ِﺣ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ َﺣﻴْ ُﺚ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺟ َﻬ ْﺖ ﺑِ ِﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (7ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ ﺗﻘﺼ ِﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼ ِة َﻋـﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇَ ،ﻋﻦ)َ (8ﻋﺒْﺪ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲆَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٍﺮ) ،(9و)َ (10ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺑ َﻜ ْ ٍﲑَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻟَ ْﻴ ٍﺚَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻨﻪ )(12)(11ﺑﻪ . )(12)(11ﺑﻪ . ) (1ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﴘ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻛﻴﻒ\" ِﰲ )ب( ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺳﺄﻟﺖ\" و\"ﻛﺎن\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ. )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (11) ،(585/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻗ ْﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َﺟـ ﱠﻞ َ ،ml k j ihg :وا َﳊـ ْﺮ ُب ِﺳ َﺠﺎ ٌل.(2804) ، )ِ (3ﰲ )ب( \"أﺧﱪ\". )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( \"دﻛﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(3174) ،(663/2) : )َ (6أ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪُ ،ﻫ َﻮ َﻏ ْﲑ أﺧﺎه اﻷﻛﱪ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ اﳌﺘﻔﻖ َﻋ َﲆ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ،ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ ﻗﺘﻞ أﺧﻮه ُوﻟِ َﺪ ﻷﻣﻪ َﻫ َﺬا ﻓﺴ ﱠﲈه أﺑﻮه َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﻳ َﻌﻨـﻲ ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋ َﲆ اﺳﻢ أﺧﻴﻪ اﻷﻛﱪُ ،و ِﻟ َﺪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﻬ ِﺪ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ وﻛﺎن اﺑﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ َأ ْو ﺳﺖ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻳـﻮم ﻗـﺒﺾ رﺳـﻮل اﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢْ ُ ،ﳐ َﺘ َﻠ ٌﻒ ِﰲ ُﺻ ْﺤ َﺒﺘِﻪَ ،و َر ﱠﺟ َﺢ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻋﺪم ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ،(556/6) ،وا ِﻹ َﺻﺎﺑِ َﺔ ِﰲ َﲤْﻴِﻴ ِﺰ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ِﺔ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ.(138 /4) ، )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (8ﰲ )أ( \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (9ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ ،(7) ،(220/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﺻ َﻼة اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻄ ﱡﻮ ِع َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺪا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ َو َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺜ َﲈ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺟ َﻬ ْﺖ ﺑِ ِﻪ.(1093) ، ) (10ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (11ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (18) ،(220/1) :أ ْﺑ َﻮا ُب َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼةَ ،(9) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻳ ْﻨ ِﺰ ُل ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻜ ُﺘﻮ َﺑ ِﺔ.(1097) ، ) (12ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(228 /4) ، 293
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َ :و ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ َﺑـﺎ ِب َﻣـ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻄـ ﱠﻮ َع ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴـ َﻔ ِﺮَ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴـ ُﺚ َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ ُﺲَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍبَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ)َ (1ﻋﺒْ ُﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َرﺑِﻴ َﻌ َﺔَ ،أ ﱠن أﺑﺎه َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ ُﻪ َأ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِـ ﱠﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﻠﻴْ ِﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ)َ (2ﻋ َﲆ َﻇ ْﻬ ِﺮ َرا ِﺣ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺟ َﻬ ْﺖ).(3 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﲬ ْ ٍﲑ) (4ﺑﺎﳋﺎ ِء اﳌﻌﺠﻤـﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋﺒْـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﺑ ْ ٍﴪـ ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﲔ اﳌﻬﻤﻠـﺔِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َ :ﺧ َﺮ َج َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺑ ْ ٍﴪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِس ِﰲ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ِﻋﻴ ِﺪ ﻓِ ْﻄـ ٍﺮ َأ ْو َأ ْﺿـ َﺤﻰَ ،ﻓـﺄَ ْﻧ َﻜ َﺮ إِ ْﺑﻄَﺎ َء ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ِم. َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي) (5ﻓِﻴﻪ َ :ر َوا ُه اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِة َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟْ َﻮ ﱠﻫﺎ ِب ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ﱠﺤﺎ ِك اﻟ ُﻌ َﺮ ِ ّﴈ)َ ،(6ﻋـﻦ إِ ْﺳـ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋﻴﱠﺎ ٍشَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺻ ْﻔ َﻮا ِن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو)َ (7ﻋﻨﻪ) ،(8و ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ُﻌ َﺮ ِ ﱢﴈ َﻳ ِﺰﻳ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َأﰊ َﺣﺒِﻴﺐ) .(1و ُﻫ َﻮ َو ْﻫ ٌﻢ).(2 ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﺣ ﱠﺪﺛﻨﻲ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧﺲَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ﺷﻬﺎبَ ،ﻗﺎ َل ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (2ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )ب( وﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ \"ﺻﺢ\". )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (18) ،(221/1) :أ ْﺑ َﻮا ُب َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ،(1104) ،ﻣﻌﻠ ًﻘﺎ. )َ (4أ ُﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ا ِﳊ ْﻤ ِ ّﴢ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ،وﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ،واﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ،واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(535 /5) ، َو َﻗﺎ َل ُﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ ُﺔ ﻣﺮة :ﻛﺎن َﺻ ُﺪو ًﻗﺎَ ،وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻫ َﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ َ \" :ﺻﺎ ِﻟ ُﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"َ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة َ :ﻣﺎ َأ ْﺣ َﺴ َﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜ ُﻪ َو َأ َﺻ ﱠﺤﻪَ ،و َر َﻓ َﻊ َأ ْﻣ َﺮهَ ،و َﻣ ﱠﺮ ًة َﻗﺎ َل :ﻛﺎن َﻛ ﱢﻴ ًﺴﺎَ ،و َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ َﺣ َﺴﻦ. و َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ \" :ﺻﺎﻟِ ُﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺻ ُﺪوق\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡي :ﻫﻮ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ﻣﺮة :ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ ،و َﻣﺎ أﻧﺰﻟﻪ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ إِ َﱃ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟ َﺼ ُﺪو ِق إﻻ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻗﻮل َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،و َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ،و َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛ َﲈ ﺗﻘﺪم َ \" :ﻣﺎ أﺣﺴﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ وأﺻﺤﻪ\". ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳـﺔ اﻟـﺪارﻣﻲ() ،ص ،(228و ِﻋ َﻠـ َﻞ أﲪـﺪ )رواﻳـﺔ اﺑﻨـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﷲ( ،(288 /2) ،واﳌَ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳﺦ، ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘـﻮب ﺑـ ِﻦ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴـ ِﻮ ّي ،(425 /2) ،وا َْﳉـ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ ،(258 /9) ،و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜـ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي، ) ،(116/32وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،(381 /2) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐَ ،(338 /9) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻛﻼﳘـﺎ ،ﻻﺑـﻦ ﺣﺠـﺮ، ).(7709 )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (6ﻣﺘﻔ ٌﻖ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ. واﻟ ُﻌ َﺮ ِﴈ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ ُﻋ َﺮض ،وﻫﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ٌﺔ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ،ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ ﰲ اﻷﻧﺴﺎب ،(179/4) ،ورﻓﻀـﻪ ا ْﺑـ ُﻦ ا َﻷﺛِـ ِﲑ ا َﳉـ َﺰ ِر ّي ﰲ اﻟﻠﺒﺎب ،(335/2) ،ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ :ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﺮض ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ دﻣﺸﻖ ،وإﻧﲈ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﲑة ﰲ اﻟﱪ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻔﺮات ودﻣﺸﻖ ،وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ أﻋﲈل ﺣﻠﺐ. اﻧﻈﺮ :اﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺪي ،(295/5) ،وﺗﻘﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(4257) ، ) (7اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ ،أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻜ َﺴﻜِﻲ ،ا ِﳊ ْﻤ ِ ّﴢ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﻘﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ.(2938) ، )ُ (8ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ) :صَ (170) ،(5) ،(233ﺑﺎ ُب ِﰲ َو ْﻗﺖ َﺻ َﻼة ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻴ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻦ.(1317) ، ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺧﺮاﺟﻪ ﳍﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ\" :(295/1) ،ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻋـﲆ ﴍط اﻟﺒﺨـﺎري ،وﱂ ﳜﺮﺟـﺎه\" ،وﻗـﺎل اﻟﻨـﻮوي ﰲ اﳋﻼﺻـﺔ، ) :(827/2إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﲆ ﴍط ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ،وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻧﺼﺐ اﻟﺮاﻳﺔ .(146/2) ،وأﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻮو ﱠي اﻟﺸﻴ ُﺦ اﻷﻟﺒـﺎﲏ ﰲ إرواﺋﻪ ،(101/3) ،واﻋﺘﱪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﻗﻮل اﻟﻨﻮوي إﻗﺮا ًرا ﻟﻪ=. 294
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :وﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ رواﻳﺘِﻨﺎ ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ﱠﻫﺎ ِب ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ﱠﺤﺎ ِك اﻟ ُﻌ َﺮ ِ ّﴈ َﻳ ِﺰﻳ ُﺪ ْﺑـ ُﻦ ُ َﲬـ ْ ٍﲑ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻮاب. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻃﺎوو ِس ﺑ ِﻦ َﻛ ْﻴ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟﻴ َﲈﲏَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑـ ِﻦ اﻟـ ﱡﺰ َﺑ ْ ِﲑِ ،ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ)َ \" (3ﻣـ ْﻦ)(4 َﺷ َﻬ َﺮ َﺳ ْﻴ َﻔ ُﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َو َﺿ َﻌ ُﻪ َﻓ َﺪ ُﻣ ُﻪ َﻫ َﺪ ٌر\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (5ر َوا ُه اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ).(7)(6 َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َ :ﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ ُأ ُﺻ َﻮﻟِ ُﻪ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ُﻤﻮ َﻋ ِﺔ ،وأﻛﺜـﺮ)ُ (8ﻧ َﺴـ ِﺦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ َﻫ َﺬا ،وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي رأﻳ ُﺘﻪ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﻷﺻ ِﻞ َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋـ ﱠﲈ ٍر /54ب ا ُْﳊ َﺴـ ْ ُﲔ ْﺑـ ُﻦ ُﺣ َﺮ ْﻳـ ٍﺚ)َ ،(9ﻗـﺎ َل : َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ُﻞ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰ)َ ،(10ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٍﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻃﺎ ُو ٍسَ ،ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ َﺑ ْ ِﲑَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻗﺎ َل َر ُﺳﻮ ُل اﷲﱠِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َ \" :ﻣ ْﻦ َﺷ َﻬ َﺮ َﺳ ْﻴ َﻔ ُﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َو َﺿ َﻌ ُﻪ َﻓ َﺪ ُﻣ ُﻪ َﻫ َﺪ ٌر\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي :ﻓﺴـﺄﻟ ُﺖ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ًﺪا َﻋـﻦ َﻫـ َﺬا ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ، َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل :إﻧ َﲈ ُﻳ ْﺮ َوى َﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ َﺑ ْ ِﲑ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ٌف. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﻨ ِﺪ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ اﻷَﻧ َﺼﺎ ِر ّي) ،(11وﻳ َﻘﺎل :اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾَ ،ﻋـ ﱡﻢ َﺣـ َﺮام ﺑـﻦ َﺣ ِﻜـﻴﻢ َﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :ﺳﺄَ ْﻟ ُﺖ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻴﺘِـﻲَ ،و َﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة ِﰲ = وﻫﺬا ﺣﻜﻢ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺑﻦ اﻟﻀﺤﺎك اﻟ ُﻌ َﺮ ِﴈ اﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ. )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"وﻫﺐ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (2ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(296/4) ، ) (3ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (4ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )ب( ﺣﺮف ح. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(321 /4) ، )ُ (7ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ) :صِ (38) ،(632ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ﲢﺮﻳﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ِم (26) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ْﻦ َﺷ َﻬ َﺮ َﺳ ْﻴ َﻔ ُﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َو َﺿ َﻌ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِس.(4097) ، وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ .اﻧﻈﺮ :اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ.(344/5) ، )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"ﻛﺜﺮ\". ) (9اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ ﻋ ﱠﲈر ا ُﳋ َﺰا ِﻋ ّﻲ ا َﳌ ْﺮ َو ِز ّي. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(332 /1) ، )َ (10أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ،اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﲏ ،اﳌﺮوزي. ﱂ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ أﺣﺪ ﻋﻦ درﺟﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ ،إﻻ أﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي ،ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ َ \" :ﺻ ُﺪوق ﺻﺎﻟﺢ\" ،وﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺗﺸـﺪده ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎلَ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ \" :رﺑ َﲈ أﻏﺮب\". ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢَ ،(69 /7) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(5419) ، ) (11ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻷﻧﺼﺎري\" \"اﻷﻧﺼﺎ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ري\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. 295
اﳌَْ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ ...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﲈﺋِ ِﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس ا ْﻟ َﻌﻨ َ ِﱪ ﱡي) ،(2)(1واﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِة َﻋﻦ َﺑ ْﻜـ ِﺮ َﺑ ْﻜ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧ َﻠ ٍﻒ) ،(4)(3ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱟي ،ﺑﺈِ ْﺳ َﻨﺎ ِد اﻟﱠ ِﺬي َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠﻪ ،وإﺳـﻨﺎ ِد اﻟﱠـ ِﺬي َﻗ ْﺒﻠـﻪ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ْﺑـ ُﻦ)(5 َﻣ ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱟيَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ِو َﻳ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺻﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺢَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟْ َﻌ َﻼ ِء ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َْﳊﺎ ِر ِث)َ ،(6ﻋﻦ َﺣ َﺮا ِم ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ ِﻜﻴ ٍﻢ)َ ،(1ﻋﻦ َﻋ ﱢﻤ ِﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِﱠ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ. )َ (1أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺒﴫيُ ،ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ 240ﻫـ. ُﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ ،ﱂ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ ،إﻻ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي اﻟﺬي أﻃﻠﻖ ﻓِﻴﻪ َﺻ ُﺪوق ،وﻻ ﻳﻀﲑ اﻟ َﻌﻨﱪي َذﻟِ َﻚ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّيَ ،(222/14) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ ،(3176) ،وا َْﳉـ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ، ).(216/6 ) (2اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﲈﺋ ُﻞ.(282/157) ، )ُ (3ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺑﴩُ ،ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﺑﻌﺪ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ 240ﻫـ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي ،واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(150/8) ، وأﺷﺎ َر َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ِﰊ داود أن ﻳﻜﺘ َﺐ َﻋﻦ ﺑﻜ ِﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ،ﺣﻴﻨ َﲈ ﺳﺄ َﻟﻪ َﻋ ﱠﻤﻦ َﻳ ْﻜ ُﺘ ُﺐ ﺑ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ. َو َﻗﺎ َل ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ َ :ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄسَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة َ :ﺻ ُﺪوقَ ،وﺑِ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ) ،(385 /2و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(205 /4) ،وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷـ َﻒ ،ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ،(274/1) ، َو َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ.(738) ، ) (4ﺳﻨ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ) :صِ (5) ،(244ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب إِ َﻗﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼةَ ،واﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎَ (186) ،ﺑﺎب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻄ ﱡﻮ ِع ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺖ.(1378) ، وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"ﻓﻘﺪ\". )َ (6أ ُﺑﻮ وﻫﺐ وﻳﻘﺎل َ :أ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ،اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﳾء ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎن َﻳ َﺮى اﻟﻘﺪر\" ،واﺑﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ،و َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ،و َأ ُﺑﻮ داودَ ،و َزا َد :ﺗﻐـﲑ ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ ،و َأ ُﺑـﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّيَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻻ َأ ْﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ أﺣ ًﺪا ﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺤﻮل أوﺛﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ\"َ ،و َزا َد ﻣﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ َ \" :ﺻ ُﺪوق ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" ،واﻟ َﻔ َﺴـ ِﻮ ﱡي، واﺑ ُﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ،وزاد \" :ﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﳾء\" ،وا َﳊﺎ ِﻛﻢ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ \" :وﺛﻘﻮه\". ﻗﺎل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﺒﻞ َ :ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ \" :ﻛﺎن ﻗﻠﻴ َﻞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،و َﻟﻜِ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺤﻮل وأﻗﺪﻣﻬﻢ ،وﻛﺎن ﻳﻔﺘﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﻮﻟﻂ\". َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(248 /5) ، َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َ \" :ﺻ ُﺪوق ﻓﻘﻴﻪَ ،ﻟﻜِﻦ رﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻂ\". وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻗﻮ ًﻻ ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،وﺗﺒﻌﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﺳﺒﻂ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ،وﻗﺪ و َﳘﺎ ﻓﺎﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﻗﺎ َل َﻫ َﺬا ِﰲ اﻟﻌـﻼء اﺑﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸ ِﻘ ّﻲ. وﻟﻌﻞ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘ ُﱪ اﻟﻌﻼء ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث واﻟﻌﻼء ﺑﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ َوا ِﺣ ًﺪاَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﻼء ﺑﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ \" :وﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ زﻋﻢ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ اﻟﻌﻼء ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ،ﻷ ﱠن اﻟﻌﻼ ﱠء ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث ﺣﴬﻣ ﱞﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﻦ ،و َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﱄ ﺑﻨﻰ أﻣﻴﺔ\". ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ اﺧﺘﻠ َﻂ ﺑﺄﺧﺮة. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ،(469 /9) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري( ،(435 /4) ،واﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ ،ﻟﻠﺒﺨـﺎري، ) ،(514 /6وا ْﳌَ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦِ ،ﻟ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮب ﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴـ ِﻮ ّي ،(458 /2) ،وا َْﳉـ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ،(354/6) ، واﳌﺠﺮوﺣ َﲔ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ،(182 /2) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺷـﺎﻫﲔ) ،ص ،(250وﻣﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ ُﻋ ُﻠـﻮم ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻟﻠﺤـﺎﻛﻢ، )ص ،(242و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(478 /22) ،وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ ،(103 /2) ،واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،(68/2) ،ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ، واﻻﻏﺘﺒﺎ َط ،ﻟﺴﺒﻂ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ) ،ص ،(260وﺑﺤ َﺮ اﻟـﺪم ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﳍـﺎدي) ،ص ،(329و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ، )=.(5230 296
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ِﰲ اﻟﺸ َﲈﺋ ِﻞ ،واﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ َﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﻼ ِء ﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِر ِثَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺣ َﺮا ِم ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ِو َﻳ َﺔ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ َﺣ َﺮا ُم ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺣﻜِﻴ ٍﻢ ،وإن ﻛﺎ َن) (2ﻗﻴ َﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪ َذﻟِ َﻚ).(3 ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ :و َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎﻟَﻪ َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨﺎ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ٌﺢ ،ﻓﺎ َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ِﰲ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪِ ،ﰲ ﺑـﺎ ِب َﻣـﺎ ﺟـﺎ َء ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻄـ ﱡﻮ ِع ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻴـ ِﺖ ،وﻟﻔﻈـﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ َ \" :أ َﻻ َﺗ َﺮى إِ َﱃ َﺑﻴْﺘِﻲ َﻣﺎ َأ ْﻗ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ اﳌَْ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ؟ َﻓ َﻸَ ْن ُأ َﺻ ﱢ َﲇ ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻴﺘِﻲ َأ َﺣ ﱡﺐ إِ َ ﱠﱄ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْن ُأ َﺻ ﱢ َﲇ ِﰲ ا َﳌْ ْﺴـ ِﺠ ِﺪ ،إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜﻮ َن َﺻ َﻼة َﻣ ْﻜﺘُﻮ َﺑ ًﺔ\" ،وﻫﻮ) (4ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻟﺸ َﲈﺋﻞ ِﰲ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺘﻄﻮع ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ َأﺑِﻰ ا ْﳌِ ْﻨ َﻬـﺎ ِل)ِ ،(5ﰲ ﻣﺴـﻨ ِﺪ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎ ٍس ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻗـ ِﺪ َم َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳ َﻨﺔَ ،واﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس ُﻳ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻔﻮ َن ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َم َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َﻣ ْ ِﲔ)َ ،(6ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل َ \" :ﻣـ ْﻦ َأ ْﺳـ َﻠ َﻒ ِﰲ َﲤْـ ٍﺮ)(7 َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ ْﺴﻠِ ْﻒ ِﰲ َﻛﻴْ ٍﻞ َﻣ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم َو َو ْز ٍن َﻣ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم إِ َﱃ َأ َﺟ ٍﻞ َﻣ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم\". = )َ (1ﻓ ﱠﺮ َق اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ،ﻓﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ اﳋﻄﻴ ُﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ،ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ َ :و ِﻫ َﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ ﺑـﲔ ﺣـﺮام ﺑـﻦ ﺣﻜـﻴﻢ وﺑﲔ ﺣﺮام ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ رﺟ ٌﻞ َوا ِﺣ ٌﺪ ا ْﺧ ُﺘ ِﻠ َﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ِﰲ اﺳﻢ أﺑﻴﻪ. وﻛﺬا َﻓ ﱠﺮ َق ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ،ﻓﻌﻘ ﱠﺐ اﳋﻄﻴ ُﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ َ :و َذ َﻛـ َﺮه اﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﳌﺆﺗﻠـﻒ واﳌﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ،ﻛـ َﲈ ذﻛـﺮه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ،وﻛﺄﻧﻪ اﻋﺘﻤﺪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ وﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺗﺎ ِر ِﳜ ِﻪ. وﻛﺬا ﺗﺒ َﻊ اﳋﻄﻴ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎﻛﻮﻻ ودﻟ َﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ،ﻓﺎ ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮه. وﻗﺪ وﻫ َﻢ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ :ﺗﺒ َﻊ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ اﺑ َﻦ َﻣﺎﻛﻮﻻ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ دﺣﻴﻢ ،واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ﱡﲇ ،واﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ،واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ،واﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(185/4) ، َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ ْﺰ ٍم. َﻓ َﺮ ﱠد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ \" :و َﻻ َأ ْد ِري ﻣﻦ َأ ْﻳﻦ َﺟﺎ َء ُه َﺗ ْﻀ ِﻌﻴﻔﻪَ ،وإِ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ َ ْﳎ ُﻬﻮل ا َْﳊﺎلَ ،ﻓﺎ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ\". ﻓﺘﻌﻘﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ اﺑ َﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :ﻛ َﺬا ﻧﺴ َﺐ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ﺣ َﺮا َم ﺑﻦ َﺣﻜِﻴﻢ إِ َﱃ ا َْﳉ َﻬﺎ َﻟﺔَ ،و َأ َﻗ ﱠﺮ ُه َﻋـ َﲆ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴﺦ َﺗ ِﻘـ ّﻲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ \"ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم\"َ ،و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ُد َﺣ ْﻴﻢ َﻛ َﲈ َأ َﻓﺎ َد ُه ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ َﲨﺎل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ِﰲ َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳﺒﻪ وﻛﺬا ﺗﻌﻘ َﺐ اﺑ َﻦ ﺣﺰم ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ \" :ﻓﻼ أدري ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﺟﺎء ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ\". ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ ،وﻻ ﻳﻀﲑه ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﺠﺔ. اﻧﻈﺮ :اﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ،ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري ،(102 ،101/3) ،وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـﺎت ،ﻟﻠﻌﺠـﲇ ،(290/1) ،وﺳـﻨ َﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ،(101/2) ، واﳌﺆﺗﻠ َﻒ واﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ،ﻟﻪ ،(572 /2) ،واﳌﺤﲆ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺣﺰم ،(397/1) ،وﻣﻮﺿ َﺢ أوﻫﺎم اﳉﻤﻊ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐـ َﺪادي، ) ،(103 /1و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻷوﻫﺎم ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻛﻮﻻ) ،ص ،(181وﺑﻴﺎ َن اﻟﻮﻫﻢ واﻹﳞﺎم ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄـﺎن ،(312 /3) ،و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(517/5) ،وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ ،(316/1) ،واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،(239 /1) ،ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،واﻟ َﺒـ ْﺪ َر ا ُﳌﻨِـﲑ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ ،(418/2) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮَ ،(201 /2) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(1162) ، ) (2ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻛﺎن\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"إن\" ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (3أي ﻗﻴﻞ :إن ﺣﺮام ﺑﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺮام ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي.(517/5) ، ) (4ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺮف ﻓﺎء ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. ) (5اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ.(284/5) ، ) (6ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟﻌﺎﻣﲔ\" \"اﻟﻌﺎ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻣﲔ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (7ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ ﲤﺮ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ. 297
َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻮ ِع َﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰَ ،و َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﻗ ُﺪ ،ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋـ ْﻦ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋﻴَ ْﻴ َﻨـ َﺔ(1) ،و َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﺷ ْﻴﺒَ َﺔ ،وإِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍ) ،(2ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻠﻴﱠ َﺔ )(4)(3ﺑﻪ . َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎاﻟ َﻮا ِﻟ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ) : (5أﺳﻘ َﻂ اﳌُ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ رواﻳ َﺔ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ،ﻣﻊ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ ِﺮ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﺷﻴْﺒَ َﺔَ ،وإِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ)ْ (6ﺑ ِﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻋﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻠﻴﱠ َﺔ :وﻫﺬه رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻫﺎن) ،(7وأ ﱠﻣﺎ رواﻳـﺔ ا ُْﳉ ُﻠـﻮ ِد ّى ﻓﺈن ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ اﺑﻦ ُﻋﻴَﻴْﻨَﺔَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻐ ﱠﺴﺎ ِ ﱡﲏ وﻏﲑه :اﻟﺼﻮا ُب رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻫﺎن ،وﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺒﺎب) (8ﻋﺮف َذﻟِ َﻚ).(9 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ)َ (10و ْﻋ َﻠ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒَﺎ ِﺋ ﱢﻲ)َ ،(12)(11ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ \" :أ ﱡﻳ َﲈ ِإ َﻫﺎ ٍب ُدﺑِ َﻎ َﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ َﻃ ُﻬ َﺮ\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (1ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ) ،(2واﻷرﺑﻌﺔ).(4)(3 ) (1ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (2اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ،اﻟﺼﺎﺋﻎ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،(314 /1) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(448) ، )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ِ (22) ،(654) :ﻛ َﺘﺎب ا ُﳌ َﺴﺎ َﻗﺎ ِةَ (25) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ.(1604/128 ،127) ، ) (4ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(52/5) ، ) (5ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ ب َ \" :ﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ُأ ُﺻـ َﻮﻟِ ُﻪ اﳌﺴـﻤﻮﻋﺔ ،وأﺳـﻘﻂ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِـﺪ واﳌﺼـﻨﻒ رواﻳـﺔ ﳛﻴـﻰ ﺑـﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ \"...ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (6ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ\" \"إﺳ َﲈ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻋﺴﻞ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذﻟِـ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (7و َﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ِﰲ إﻛ َﲈ ِل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ ،(322/5) ،واﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ﱡي ِﰲ َ ْﴍ ِﺣ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ.(42/11) ، )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"زﻳﺎدة ﻗﺪ\". ) (9وﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺢ ﻫﺬا أﻳ ًﻀﺎ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ ﻋﻴﺎض ،و َﻋ ﱠﻠ َﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ أو َل اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِب َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴﻨَﺔ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻧﺠﻴﺢ ،وﻓِﻴﻪ ذﻛﺮ اﻷﺟـﻞُ ،ﺛـ ﱠﻢ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻮا ِرث َﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ أﰊ ﻧﺠﻴﺢ ،وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓِﻴﻪ ذﻛ ٌﺮ اﻷﺟﻞُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻠ ﱢﻴﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ أﰊ َﻧ ِﺠـﻴﺢَ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل ﺑﻤﺜـﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻮا ِرث ،وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ \" :إِ َﱃ َأ َﺟ ٍﻞ َﻣ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم\"ُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟﺜﻮري َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ أﰊ َﻧ ِﺠﻴﺢَ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل ﺑﻤﺜـﻞ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑـﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻓِﻴﻪ \" :إِ َﱃ َأ َﺟ ٍﻞ َﻣ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم\" ،و ُﻫﻮ َﺑ ﱢ ٌﲔ. اﻧﻈﺮ :إﻛ َﲈ َل اﳌﻌﻠﻢ.(322/5) ، ) (10ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(. ) (11ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﲔ اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ واﻟﺒﺎء اﳌﻮﺣﺪة ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳘﺰة ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة ،ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ ﺳﺒﺄ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺸﺠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﺮب ﺑﻦ ﻗﺤﻄـﺎن وإِ َﱃ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﷲِ اﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ رأس اﻟﻐﻼة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﻓﻀﺔ. اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﺒﺎ ُب ِﰲ َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ ا َﻷ ْﻧ َﺴﺎ ِب ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻷَﺛِ ِﲑ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي.(98/2) ، )َ (12و ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ،واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ﱡﲇ ،واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ ،واﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻛﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﻨًﺎ ﻳﺘ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺪ \" ،واﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪَ ،و َزا َد َ \" :ﻣﺄﻣﻮ ًﻧﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ روى وﲪﻞ\" ،واﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ﱡي. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡي ِﰲ ﺛﻘﺎ ِت اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ ﻣﴫَ ،و َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(105 /5) ، وﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ،ﺑﻠﻔﻆ َ \" :ﺻ ُﺪوق\". َو َﺟ ﱠﻬ َﻠ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ،ﻓﻔﴪ اﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ وﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﴩ ﺑﲔ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء. و ُﻧ ِﻘ َﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ِم َأ ْ َﲪﺪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻟﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ وﻋﻠﺔ \" :أﻳ َﲈ إﻫﺎب دﺑﻎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻃﻬﺮ\" ،ﻗﺎل\" وﻣﻦ اﺑﻦ وﻋﻠﺔ؟ َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ \" :ﺷﻴﺦ\"=. 298
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ ﳾ ٍء ﻣﻦ /55أ رواﻳﺎ ِت ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ \" َأ ﱡﻳ َﲈ إِ َﻫـﺎ ٍب\" ،وإ ﱠﻧـ َﲈ اﻟﱠـ ِﺬي ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ \" :إِ َذا ُدﺑِـ َﻎ ا ْ ِﻹ َﻫﺎ ُب َﻃ ُﻬ َﺮ\" ،إﻻ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﲑة ،وﻫﻲ رواﻳ ُﺔ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼـﻮر ،وأﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﺑـﻦ إِ ْﺳـ َﺤﺎق ﻓـﺈ ﱠن ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ \" ِد َﺑﺎ ُﻏـ ُﻪ َﻃ ُﻬﻮ ُر ُه\")َ ،(6)(5و َﻗﺎ َل :رواﻳﺔ أﰊ داوود \" :إِ َذا ُدﺑِ َﻎ ا ْ ِﻹ َﻫﺎ ٍب َﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ َﻃ ُﻬ َﺮ\". َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ)َ ،(7ﻋ ِﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎ ٍس ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :أ ْﻗ َﺒ ْﻠ ُﺖ َراﻛِ ًﺒﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َأ َﺗﺎ ٍن ،واﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻳ َﺼـ ﱢﲇ ﺑِ ِﻤ َﻨـ ًﻰَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (8ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ َﻋﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُأ َو ْﻳ ٍﺲ) ،(10)(9و ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِة )َ(11ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒ) ،(12واﻟ َﻘ ْﻌ َﻨﺒِ ّﻲ) ،(14)(13ﺛﻼ َﺛـ ُﺘ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻋـ ْﻦ = ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ ،وإن ﻛﺎن َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺜﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﻬ ْﺮ وﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﴩ ﺑﲔ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء ،و َﻣﺎ أﻧﺰﻟﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ إِ َﱃ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟ َﺼ ُﺪوق إﻻ ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴ ِﻞ اﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳌـ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ واﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒ َﻞ ﻟﻪ ،وﻗﻮ ِل َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ \" :ﺷﻴﺦ\". ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت ،ﻟﻠﻌﺠﲇ ،(89 /2) ،واﳌﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ واﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦ ،ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮب ﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ّي ،(530/2) ،وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ، ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(296 /5) ،وﻣﺸﺎﻫ َﲑ ﻋﻠ َﲈء اﻷﻣﺼﺎر ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺒـﺎن) ،ص ،(120واﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴـ َﺪ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟـﱪ،(140/4) ، وﴍ َح ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ رﺟـﺐ ،(379/1) ،و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻷَ ْﺳـ َﲈ ِء َواﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـﺎ ِت ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨـ َﻮ ِو ّي ،(144/3) ،وﻣﻴـﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘـﺪال، ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲَ ،(325/4) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(4039) ، ) (1ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﳌﺰي\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ (3) ،(158) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ْﻴ ِﺾَ (27) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻃ َﻬﺎ َر ِة ُﺟ ُﻠﻮ ِد ا َْﳌ ْﻴ َﺘ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱢﺪ َﺑﺎ ِغ.(366/105) ، )ُ (3ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ) :صِ (26) ،(615ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﻠ َﺒﺎ ِسَ (41) ،ﺑـﺎ ٌب ِﰲ ُأ ُﻫـ ِﺐ ا َﳌ ْﻴ َﺘـ ِﺔُ ،(4123) ،ﺳـ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣـ ِﺬ ّي ) :ص،(403 ) (22ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﻠ َﺒﺎ ِسَ (7) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ ُﺟ ُﻠﻮ ِد ا َﳌ ْﻴ َﺘ ِﺔ إِ َذا ُدﺑِ َﻐ ْﺖُ ،(1728) ،ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ) :ص (41) ،(654ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ َﻔـ َﺮ ِع َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺘِ َﲑ ِةُ (4) ،ﺟ ُﻠﻮ ُد ا َﳌ ْﻴ َﺘ ِﺔ ،(4241) ،ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﺟﻪ ) :صِ (32) ،(601ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﻠ َﺒﺎ ِسَ (25) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ِﻟـ ْﺒ ِﺲ ُﺟ ُﻠـﻮ ِد ا َْﳌ ْﻴ َﺘـ ِﺔ إِ َذا ُدﺑِ َﻐ ْﺖ.(3609) ، ) (4ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(53 /5) ، )ِ (5ﰲ )أ( \"ﻣﻄﻬﺮرة\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (6ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ (3) ،(158) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ْﻴ ِﺾَ (27) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻃ َﻬﺎ َر ِة ُﺟ ُﻠﻮ ِد ا َْﳌ ْﻴ َﺘ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱢﺪ َﺑﺎ ِغ.(366/107 ،106) ، ) (7اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔ ،اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺛﻮر اﳌﺪﲏ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(4307) ، )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (9ﻣﺘﻜﻠ ٌﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ،إﻻ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻜﻼ ِم اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ،وﻫﻮ أن َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ؛ ﻷﻧـﻪ ﻛﺘـﺐ ﻣـﻦ ُأ ُﺻـﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ وﻋﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﻻ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑﴚء ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ َﻏ ْﲑ َﻣﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻗﺪح ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ وﻏﲑه إﻻ إن ﺷﺎرﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﲑه ﻓﻴﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﻴﻪ. وأواﻓﻖ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻧﺎﻓﺬ ّﲪﺎد ﻓﻴﲈ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ اﻧﺘﻘﻴﺎ واﻧﺘﺨﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ،وأﺧﺬ اﻟﺒﺨـﺎري ﻣـﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب إﺳﲈﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ ،وﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﺔ ،وﻣﺜﻞ ذﻟﻚ ُﻳﻘﺎل ﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ﻫﺪي اﻟﺴﺎري ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ) ،ص ،(391وﻗﺮة اﻟﻌﻴﻮن ﺑﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ واﳌﺘﻮن ،ﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ ّﲪﺎد.(35/1) ، )َ (10ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (18) ،(24/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ َﺘﻰ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺳ َﲈ ُع اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻐ ِﲑ؟.(76) ، )ِ (11ﰲ )أ( \" ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (12ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (90) ،(106/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب ُﺳ ْ َﱰ ُة ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ِم ُﺳ ْ َﱰ ُة َﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ ْﻠ َﻔ ُﻪ.(493) ، )ُ (13ﻫ َﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ. )َ (14ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (10) ،(173/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﻷ َذا ِنَ (161) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ُو ُﺿﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺒ َﻴﺎ ِنَ ،و َﻣ َﺘـﻰ َ ِﳚـ ُﺐ َﻋ َﻠـ ْﻴ ِﻬ ُﻢ اﻟ ُﻐ ْﺴـ ُﻞ َواﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬـﻮ ُر، َو ُﺣ ُﻀﻮ ِر ِﻫ ُﻢ ا َﳉ َﲈ َﻋ َﺔ َواﻟ ِﻌﻴ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻦ َوا َﳉ َﻨﺎ ِﺋ َﺰَ ،و ُﺻ ُﻔﻮﻓِ ِﻬ ْﻢ.(861) ، 299
َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ ،و ِﰲ ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋ ْﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎ َق)َ ،(1ﻋﻦ َﻳ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮ َب ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ)َ ،(2ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ)َ (3أ ِﺧـﻲ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ)ِ (4ﺷـ َﻬﺎ ٍب) ،(6)(5و ِﰲ ا َﳌ َﻐﺎ ِزي َ :و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚ َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ ُﺲ).(8)(7 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ :أﺳﻘ َﻂ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ َﺔ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗ َﺰ َﻋ َﺔ)َ ،(9ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ ،وﻫﻲ ِﰲ َﺣ ﱠﺠـ ِﺔ اﻟـ َﻮ َداع، وﻫﻲ ﺗﺮﲨ ٌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﻏ ْﺰ َو ِة َﺗ ُﺒﻮكَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻗ َﺰ َﻋ َﺔَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٌﻚَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍب، ) (1ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ راﻫﻮﻳﻪ. ) (2اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ اﳌﺪﲏ ،اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ ،اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬ ِﻛ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ.(335 /1) ، ) (3ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ِﰲ )ب( ﻧﴘ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻦ\" ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻋﻦ\" و\"أﺧﻲ\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ ،وﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﻬﺎ \"ﺻﺢ\". ) (4ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (5ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎب اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي. اﺧﺘﻠ َﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ: وﺛﻘﻪ أﺑﻮ داود ،وزاد :ﺳﻤﻌ ُﺖ أﲪ َﺪ ﻳﺜﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. وأﺟﺎب أﺑﻮ داود ﺣﻴﻨﲈ ُﺳ ِﺌ َﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ :ﱂ أﺳﻤ ْﻊ أﺣ ًﺪا ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﴚ ٍء إﻻ أن أﲪ َﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ أﰊ أوﻳـﺲ ،ﻗـﺎل أﺑـﻮ داود : ﻃﻮﺑﻰ ﻻﺑﻦ أﰊ أوﻳﺲ أن ﻳﻘﺎرﺑﻪ. وﻗﺎل ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ :ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ،وﺑﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻗﺎل أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ،وﻗﺎل أﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻣﺮ ًة \" :ﻻ ﺑﺄس\". وﻗﺎل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ \" :ﺻﺪوق ﻟﻪ أوﻫﺎم\". وﻧﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻘﻮ َة ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﺮ ًةَ ،و َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ ﻣﺮ ًة ،وﻛﺬا اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ ،وزاد \" :وﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ\" ،وﻗﺮﻳ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ ِل اﺑﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟﺮازي. وأﻣﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮري ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻄﺒﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺻﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي ﻣﻊ أﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ وﳏﻤـﺪ ﺑـﻦ إﺳـﺤﺎق وأﰊ أوﻳـﺲ وﻓﻠﻴﺢ وﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ إﺳﺤﺎق ،وﻫﺆﻻء ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﻀﻌﻒ واﻻﺿﻄﺮاب. وأﺟﺎب أﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻣﺮ ًة ﺣﻴﻨﲈ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ \" :ﻣﺎ أدري\" ،وﺣﺮك ﻳﺪه ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ. وﻗﺎل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻋﺪي \" :وﱂ أر ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺑﺄ ًﺳﺎ إذا روى ﻋﻨﻪ ﺛﻘﺔ ،وﻻ رأﻳﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻣﻨﻜ ًﺮا ﻓﺄذﻛﺮه إذا روى ﻋﻨﻪ ﺛﻘﺔ\". وﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ \" :ﺗﻔﺮد ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮب\". ﻗﻠﺖ :اﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ،ﺻﺪوق ﻟﻪ أوﻫﺎم. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪارﻣﻲ() ،ص ،(48وﺳﺆاﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ) ،ص ،(123وﻋﻠـ َﻞ أﲪـﺪ )رواﻳـﺔ اﳌﺮوذي وﻏـﲑه() ،ص ،(171واﳉـﺮ َح واﻟﺘﻌـﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣـﺎﺗِﻢ ،(304/7) ،واﻟﻀـﻌﻔﺎ َء اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ ،ﻟﻠﻌﻘـﻴﲇ،( 1246/5) ، واﻟﻜﺎﻣـ َﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻀـﻌﻔﺎء ،ﻻﺑـﻦ ﻋـﺪي ،(167/6) ،وﲥـﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜـﲈل ،ﻟﻠﻤـﺰي ،(554/25) ،وﺳـ َﲑ أﻋـﻼم اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء ،ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ، ) ،(197/7وﺗﻘﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(6049) ، )َ (6ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (28) ،(371/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺟ َﺰا ِء اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪَ (25) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﺣ ﱢﺞ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺒ َﻴﺎ ِن.(1857) ، )َ (7ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (77) ،(902/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﺣ ﱠﺠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻮ َدا ِع.(4412) ، ) (8ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(58 /5) ، )َ (9و ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ،واﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ :ﻣﻘﺒﻮل. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ُ :ﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت ا َﳊﺎﻛِﻢ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ) ،ص ،(281وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،(373/2) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(7626) ، ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(257/9) ، 300
ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل َ :و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚ َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ ُﺲ ،ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ُﺳ ُﻘﻮ ٌط ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﺳ ِﺦَ ،واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮا ُب أن ﻳ َﻘﺎ َل :و ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎزي َﻋـﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴـﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗ َﺰ َﻋ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚَ ،و ُﻋ ْﻘ َﺒ َﺔَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻠﻴ ُﺚ :ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ ُﺲَ ،أ ْو ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ِﻋﻨْﺪ ذﻛ ِﺮ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ :و ِﰲ اﳌﻐﺎزي َﻋـﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴـﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗ َﺰ َﻋ َﺔ أرﺑﻌ ُﺘ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ ،و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ ﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ اﻷَ ْﻃ َﺮا ِف).(1 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ِة ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻛﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َأ ْﺟ َﻮ َد اﻟﻨﱠـﺎ ِس ﺑِـﺎ َْﳋ ْ ِﲑ َو َﻛـﺎ َن َأ ْﺟ َﻮ َد َﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ِﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َنَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (2ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ َﻋﻦ ﺑِ ْ ِﴩ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َر ِكَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ َو َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٍﺮ) ،(3وﻓِﻴﻪ و ِﰲ ِﺻ َﻔ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪان) ،(4و ِﰲ َﺑـ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠـ ِﻖ َﻋـ ْﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ِﺪ ﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺗِ ٍﻞ ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َر ِكَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﻧ َﺲ وﺣﺪه).(6)(5 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﻓﺎ َت اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ أن ﻳﺬﻛ َﺮ أ ﱠن اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱠي ذﻛ َﺮ ُه ِﰲ ﺑﺎ ِب ِذ ْﻛ ِﺮ اﳌﻼﺋﻜ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺑﻮا ِب َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠـ ِﻖ ﻋﻘـﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺗِ ٍﻞَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :و َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ ا ِﷲَ ،أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ)َ (7ﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٌﺮ ِ َﲠ َﺬا ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺳﻨَﺎ ِد َﻧ ْﺤ َﻮ ُه. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ِة ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :ﻛﺘَ َﺐ إِ َﱃ َﻗﻴْ َ َﴫ َﻳ ْﺪ ُﻋﻮ ُه إِ َﱃ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼمَ ،و َﺑ َﻌـ َﺚ ﺑِﻜِ َﺘﺎﺑـ ِﻪ إِ َﻟ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َﻣـ َﻊ)(8 ِد ْﺣﻴَ َﺔ اﻟْ َﻜ ْﻠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﳉﻬﺎ ِد َﻋﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﲪ َﺰ َة)َ ،(9ﻋـﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ)ْ (1ﺑـ ِﻦ َﺳـ ْﻌ ٍﺪ، َﻋﻦ َﺻﺎ ِﻟ ِﺢ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻛﻴْ َﺴﺎ َن) (2ﺑ َﲈ ﻫﻬﻨﺎ)َ (3ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍسَ ،و َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻪ َﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔﻴَﺎ َن ﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ ْﺮ ٍب).(5)(4 )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"اﻷﻃﺮاق\" ﺧﻄﺄُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺻﻮاب اﻷﻃﺮاف\" ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (1) ،(5/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺑ ْﺪ ِء اﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲَ (1) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ َﻛﺎ َن َﺑ ْﺪ ُء اﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ إِ َﱃ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ؟ َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُل َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ َﺟ ﱠﻞ ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮ ُه .(6) ،,+*)( '& % $ # \" ! : )َ (4ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (61) ،(738/2) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﳌَْﻨَﺎﻗِ ِﺐ ،(3555) ،ﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻻﺣﻘ ًﺎ. )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(3220) ،(673/2) : ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(63/5) ، )ِ (7ﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع \" َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ\" ،وﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﺳ َﲈع ﺻﻴﻐﺔ \" َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ\" ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺦ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ،اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﻴﻨﻴﺔ.(113/4) ، ) (8ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻊ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ. )ُ (9ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق ،اﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰة ﺑﻦ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻮام اﻟﻘﺮﳾ ،اﻷﺳﺪي ،اﻟـﺰﺑﲑي ،اﳌـﺪﲏُ .ﺗـ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳـ َﻨﺔ 230ﻫـ. ﻛﺬا َﻧ َﺴ ُﺒ ُﻪ ﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ،وﰲ اﳉﺮ ِح واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي. ﻓﻌﻘﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ذﻟﻚ ،ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة :واﻟﺬي ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،وﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ واﻟﺰﺑﲑ ِﰲ ﻧﺴـﺒﻪ َذ َﻛـ َﺮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﻌ ٍﺪ ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة ُ :ﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ َﺻ ُﺪوق ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،وﻛﺬا َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة َ :ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ أﺣﺪ إﻻ ذاك اﻟﻔﺘـﻰ ،إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺑﻦ ﲪﺰة. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎتَ ،(72/8) ،و َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎذي ِﰲ اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎد ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟﺴﺪاد.(49/1) ، ووﺻﻔﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﺑﺎ َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة :ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اﻷﺛﺒﺎ ِت ﺑﺎ َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ=. 301
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َ :أ ْﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ا ُﳌ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ ﻫﻨﺎ رواﻳ َﺔ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎقَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻳ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮ َب ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﺧﻲ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي/55 ،ب َﻋﻦ ُﻋﺒَ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋﺘْﺒَ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮ ٍدَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋﺒﱠـﺎ ٍس َأ ﱠن َر ُﺳـﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ)َ (6ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻛﺘَ َﺐ إِ َﱃ َﻗﻴْ َ َﴫَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َ \" :ﻓﺈِ ْن َﺗ َﻮﻟﱠ ْﻴ َﺖ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ َﻚ إِ ْﺛـ َﻢ ا ْﻷَ ِرﻳ ِﺴـ ﱢﻴ َﲔ)َ ،\"(7أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﳉﻬـﺎ ِد ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻫ ْﻞ ُﻳ ْﺮ ِﺷ ُﺪ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ َأ ْﻫ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب َأ ْو ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻠ ُﻤ ُﻬ ُﻢ ا ْﻟﻜِﺘَﺎب؟).(8 و ِﰲ رواﻳ ِﺔ اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي اﻟﺘﻲ َذ َﻛ ْﺮ َﻧﺎ ُﻫﺎ َﻧ َﻈﺮ ،ﻓﺈن ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎ ِب إﻧ َﲈ ﻳﺮوﻳﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍس َﻋـﻦ أﰊ ُﺳـ ْﻔﻴَﺎن ،وأ ﱠﻣـﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ :ﻛﺘَ َﺐ إِ َﱃ َﻗ ْﻴ َ َﴫ ،ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﻣﻦ رواﻳ ِﺔ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍس. = وأﻃﻠ َﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ وﺻﻒ َﺻ ُﺪوقَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة ﺣﻴﻨ َﲈ ُﺳﺌِ َﻞ َﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰة وإﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺬز :ﻛﺎﻧـﺎ ﻣﺘﻘـﺎرﺑﲔ وﱂ ﺗﻜـﻦ ﳍـ َﲈ ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎ َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،وﺑﻤﺜﻞ وﺻﻔﻪ ا َﻷ ﱠول وﺻﻔﻪ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ :ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ ،ﱂ أﻛﺘﺐ َﻋﻨﻪ. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪوق. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ،(619/7) ،وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل ﻟﻴﺤﻴـﻰ ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ )رواﻳـﺔ اﺑـﻦ ﳏـﺮز( ،(100/1) ،وا َْﳉـ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ،(95/2) ،وﺗﺴﻤﻴ َﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷـﻌﻴﺐ ﺑـﻦ َﻋـِ ّﲇ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴـﺎﺋِ ّﻲ) ،ص ،(66و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(76/2) ،و ِﺳ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺒ َﻼ ِء ،(61 /11) ،واﻟﻌ َﱪ ِﰲ ﺧﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻋـﱪ ،(319 /1) ،ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘـﺎ ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲَ ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،(168) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،(23/3) ،ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (2اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ.(148/1) ، ) (3ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )ب( \"ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ\". ) (4ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ،اﻧﻈﺮ ) :ص .(293 ) (5ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(67 /5) ، ) (6ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﷲ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (7ﲨﻊ َأ ِرﻳﺲ ،و ُﻫﻮ اﻷ ﱠﻛﺎر أي اﻟﺰارع ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب ﺗﺴ ﱢﻤﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﻔ ّﻼﺣﲔ ،وﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻴﺔ ،واﳌﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ إِﺛﻢ ا ِﻹ ﱢرﻳﺴﻴﲔ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ داﺧﻠﻮن ِﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻚ ،وﳚﻴﺒﻮﻧﻚ إِذا دﻋﻮﲥﻢ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﱂ َﺗ ْﺪ ُﻋ ُﻬﻢ إِ َﱃ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم ،وﻟﻮ دﻋﻮﲥﻢ ﻷَﺟﺎﺑﻮك ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ إِﺛﻤﻬﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻚ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم وﻟﻮ َأﻣﺮﲥﻢ ﺑﺎ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم ﻷَﺳﻠﻤﻮا ،ﻓﻬﻢ َﺗ َﺒ ٌﻊ ﻟﻚ. وﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب ا َﻷﻣﻮا ِل \" :ﻫﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﻪ وأﻋﻮاﻧﻪ\". وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر أﻧﻪ ﻗﺎل ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻷﻣﻮال – وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ : -أ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ُب ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ا ِﻹرﻳﺴـﻴﲔ ﳎﻤﻮ ًﻋـﺎ ﻣﻨﺴـﻮ ًﺑﺎ، ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﻷﺛﲑ :واﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻧﺴﺐ ،ورده ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻄﺤﺎوي ،و َﻗﺎ َل :ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ِﰲ َرﻫﻂ ِﻫ َﺮﻗﻞ ﻓﺮﻗ ٌﺔ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺎ َﻷرو ِﺳـ ﱠﻴﺔ ﻓﺠـﺎ َء َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ إِﻟﻴﻬﻢ ،وﻗﻴﻞ :إِﳖﻢ َأﺗﺒﺎع َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ َأرﻳﺲ رﺟﻞ َﻛﺎ َن ِﰲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ا َﻷ ﱠول ﻗﺘﻠﻮا ﻧﺒ ّﻴ ًﺎ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ا ُﷲ إِﻟﻴﻬﻢ ،وﻗﻴـﻞ ا ِﻹ ﱢرﻳﺴـﻮن اﳌﻠﻮك َوا ِﺣﺪﻫﻢ إِ ﱢرﻳﺲ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ :اﻷﻣـﻮا َلَ ،ﻷ ِﰊ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ) ،ص ،(94وﺑﻴـﺎ َن ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ اﻵﺛـﺎر ،ﻟﻠﻄﺤـﺎوي ،(100 /5) ،وﻏﺮﻳـ َﺐ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄـﺎﰊ، ) ،(499/1واﻟﻨﱢ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻷﺛﲑ ،(38 /1) ،وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر.(60 /1) ، )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(2936) ،(611/2) : 302
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَﺒَ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ﺑﻦ دﻳﻨﺎ ِر ا َﳌ ﱢﻜ ّﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ \" :ﻣـ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋﺘَـ َﻖ َﻋ ْﺒـ ًﺪا َﺑ ْ َﲔ ا ْﺛ َﻨ ْ ِﲔ َﻓﺄَ ْﻋﺘَ َﻖ َأ َﺣ ُﺪ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻧ ِﺼﻴ َﺒ ُﻪ \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘـ ِﻖ َﻋـﻦ َﻋـِ ﱢﲇ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا َﳌـ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ﱢﻲ) ،(1ورواه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘ ِﻖ َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻗِ ِﺪَ ،وا ْﺑ ِﻦ َأﺑِﻰ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ).(3)(2 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :ﱂ ُ َﳜ ﱢﺮ ْج ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِﻗ ِﺪ ،واﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ)ِ (4ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌﺘْ ِﻖ ،وإﻧ َﲈ َﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ِب ﺻـﺤﺒﺔ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻴﻤﲔ ،و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ِﻛﺘَﺎ ِب اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘ ِﻖ ﺑ َﻜﺜِﲑ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َأ َﻓﺎ َد ُه ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ راﺷﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻛـﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ إِ َذا َر َﻓ َﻊ َر ْأ َﺳ ُﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ َﻔ ْﺠ ِﺮَ ،ﻗﺎ َل \" :اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ اﻟْ َﻌﻦ ُﻓ َﻼ ًﻧﺎ َو ُﻓ َﻼ ًﻧـﺎ \"َ ،ﻓـ َﺄ ْﻧ َﺰ َل اﷲُ zy xw : {) ،آل ﻋﻤﺮان َ ،(128 :ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﳌَ َﻐﺎ ِزي َﻋﻦ ﳛﻴـﻰ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟ ﱡﺴـ َﻠ ِﻤ ّﻲ)َ ،(5ﻋـﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َر ِك َﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻪَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ِﻘ َﺒ ُﻪ :و)َ (6ﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨﻈَ َﻠﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍ َ :ﻛﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ)َ (7ﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻳ ْﺪ ُﻋﻮ)َ (8ﻋ َﲆ َﺻ ْﻔ َﻮا َن).(10)(9 َﺻ ْﻔ َﻮا َن).(10)(9 )َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (49) ،(513/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘ ِﻖَ (4) ،ﺑﺎب إِ َذا َأ ْﻋ َﺘ َﻖ َﻋ ْﺒ ًﺪا َﺑ ْ َﲔ ا ْﺛﻨَ ْ ِﲔ َأ ْو َأ َﻣ ًﺔ َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﻟ ﱡ َﴩ َﻛﺎ ِء.(2521) ، )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ِ (27) ،(686) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ َﻷ ْﻳ َﲈ ِنَ (12) ،ﺑﺎب َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﺘ َﻖ ِ ْﴍ ًﻛﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﺒﺪ.(1501/50) ، ) (3ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(362 /5) ، ) (4ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﱂ ﳜﺮج ﻣﺴﻠﻢ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ ،واﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (5اﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ إﻻ َﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ،اﻟﺬي أﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ \"ﳎﻬﻮل\" ،ﻓﻌﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟـﻪ: \"واﻟﻈﺎﻫ ُﺮ أﻧﻪ ﻏ ُﲑه ﻓﻴﺤﺮر\". اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﻘﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ،(7583) ،وﲥﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ،(210/11) ،ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ. ) (6ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (7ﻋﻨْﺪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي \" َر ُﺳﻮ ُل اﷲِ\". )ِ (8ﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"ﻳﺪﻋﻮا\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (9ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (21) ،(838/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َ ،£¢¡ ~}|{ zy xwﻗﺎ َل ُ َﲪ ْﻴـ ٌﺪ َو َﺛﺎﺑِ ٌﺖَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ َﻧ ٍﺲ ُﺷ ﱠﺞ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ُأ ُﺣ ٍﺪ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ \" :ﻛ ْﻴ َﻒ ُﻳ ْﻔﻠِ ُﺢ َﻗ ْﻮ ٌم َﺷ ﱡﺠﻮا َﻧﺒِـ ﱠﻴ ُﻬ ْﻢ\"َ ،ﻓ َﻨ َﺰ َﻟـ ْﺖ y xw : .(4069) ،{ z ) (10ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(394 /5) ، 303
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َ :ﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أ ْن َﻳ ُﻘﻮ َل :و َﻋﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳ ِﻔﻴﺎن ،ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ ﻫﻜـﺬا ُﻣ َﺴـ ﱠﻤ ًﻰ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ،وﱂ ﻳﻈﻬ ْﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي َﻣ ْﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋ ِﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔ ،و َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ َوا ِة)َ (1ﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠـ َﺔ ﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َركَ ،ﻟﻜِﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ) ،(2ﻓِﻴﻈﻬ ُﺮ أ ﱠن َﻗﺎﺋِ َﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺒﺎ َرك) ،(3وإذا وإذا َﻛﺎ َن ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َرك َﻋﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي أﻳ ًﻀﺎُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ وﺟﺪ ﱡت ﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻜﺒِ ِﲑ ﻟﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺘﴫﻳ َﺢ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ِﰲ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴ ِﻞ)َ (4ﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﻘﻨ ُﺖ ﺑﻌ َﺪ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ُﻛﻮ ِع ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ َﻫـ َﺬا َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي َﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﻰَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺒﺎ َر ِك ﺑِﺈِ ْﺳ َﻨﺎدِهِ) ،(5ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋـﻦ ﺳﺎﱂَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪَ ،و َزا َد َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :و َﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأﺑِﻰ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َنَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َﺳﺎ ِﱂَ ْﺑ َﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ َ :ﻛﺎ َن َر ُﺳﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،ﻓﺬﻛﺮه. َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺒَﻴْ َﻬ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ َﻋ ِﻘ َﺐ َﻫ َﺬا َ :أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ َأ ُﺑﻮ)َ (6ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ْﺑـ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ٍﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴـ ِﻮ ﱡى)َ ،(8)(7ﻗـﺎ َل : َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ) َ (9ﱠﲪﺎ ُد)ْ (10ﺑ ُﻦ َﺷﺎﻛِ ٍﺮ)َ ،(11ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٌﺪ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡيَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲَِ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋﺒْـ ُﺪ اﷲ، )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ\". ) (2ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل.(7 /16) ، ) (3ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻟﻜﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻓِﻴﻈﻬﺮ أن ﻗﺎﺋﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺒﺎرك\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (4ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﲔ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"اﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴﻞ\" ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد\". )َ (6ﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أﺑﻮ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ\" ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺮرﻫﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻠﺤﻖ. )ِ (7ﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ّي\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ُ (8ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪُ ،ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ 357ﻫـ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ،و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ا َﳊﺎﻛِﻢَ ،و َزا َد :و َﻣﺎ اﳌﺜﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ إﻻ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ :ﻟﻮ ارﺗﺪ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟﺮزاق َﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ،وﻛـﺬا وﺛﻘﻪ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻔ َﻮا ِر ِس ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪاد ﱡي ،واﳋﻄﻴ ُﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪاديَ ،و َزا َد :ﺛﺒﺖ ،ﱂ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮ ُﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻘﻮه ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ و َأ ُﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ،واﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ. ووﺻﻔﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﺑﺎ َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ اﻹ َﻣﺎم. و َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻃﺎ ِﻫﺮ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ :وإﻧ َﲈ َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن زﻳﺪ ﱠي ا َﳌ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻪ ،وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠ َﻢ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ ِﰲ رواﻳﺘﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ. ﻗﻠﺖ ُ :ﻫ َﻮ ﺛِ َﻘﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ُ :ﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت ﲪﺰة ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ اﻟﺴﻬﻤﻲ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ) ،ص ،(151و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ﺟﺮﺟﺎن ،ﳊﻤﺰة اﻟﺴـﻬﻤﻲ أﻳ ًﻀـﺎ) ،ص ،(122 و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ َﺑ ْﻐـ َﺪاد ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐـ َﺪادي ،(8/5) ،و َﺗـ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔـﺎظ ،ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،(930 /3) ،وﻟﺴـﺎ َن اﳌﻴـﺰان ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ، ).(600/1 ) (9ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ اﻟﻨﺴـﻮيَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ\" أﳊﻘـﺖ ِﰲ )أ( َﻋـ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ. ) (10ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ﱠﲪﺎد\" ﻛﺮرت ِﰲ )أ( ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ،ﻣﺮة ِﰲ اﳌﺘﻦ وﻣﺮة ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ. )ُ (11ﻫ َﻮ أﺣﺪ رواة َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﻋﻨﻪُ ،ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ 311ﻫـ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎس َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ اﳌﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮيَ ،و َزا َد َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈﺔ َﻣﺄﻣﻮن=. 304
ﻓﺬﻛﺮه) ،(1و َﻫ َﺬا ﴏﻳ ٌﺢ ِﰲ أ ﱠن اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱠي أﺳﻨ َﺪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﳛﻴـﻰ /56أ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲَ ،ﻋـﻦ) (2اﺑـ ِﻦ ا ُﳌﺒَـﺎ َر ِكَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔ ﺑ ِﻦ أﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َنَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍ ،وﻓﺎ َت َذﻟِ َﻚ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف ،وﻓﺎﺗﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳ ِﺐ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ اﺑﻦ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َر ِك ،و ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ِﺔ َﺣ ْﻨﻈَ َﻠﺔ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ َﻓ ﱡﺮو ٍخ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎس اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻋ ِﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ َﻋـ َﲆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :ﺣـﺎ َ َﴏ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َأ ْﻫ َﻞ اﻟﻄﱠﺎﺋِ ِﻒَ ،ﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ َﻳﻨَ ْﻞ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﳌﻐـﺎزي َﻋﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ )(4)(3اﷲِ ،و ِﰲ اﻷد ِب َﻋﻦ ُﻗﺘَ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ) ،(5وﻓِﻴﻬ َﲈ َ :و َﻗﺎ َل ا ُﳊ َﻤﻴْ ِﺪ ﱡي ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ﺑـﻦ ُﻋﻴَﻴْﻨَـﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﻤـﺮو اﺑﻦ دﻳﻨﺎرَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎس ﺑﻪ).(6 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ :و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﳌﺸﻴﺌ ِﺔ واﻹراد ِة ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﻣـﻦ ِﻛﺘَـﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﺣﻴـ ِﺪ ،ﻣـﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴ َﻨﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو)َ ،(7ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎس اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻋ ِﺮ َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑـ ِﻦ)ُ (8ﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ) ،(10)(9ووﻗـ َﻊ ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎ ِت َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ) ،(11وﺗﺮ َك ا ُﳌ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴ َﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ِﺸﻴﺌَ ِﺔ َوا ِﻹ َرا َد ِة. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘﺒَ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ِﻋ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻣ ِﺔ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺧﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋ ِﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ُ \" :ﺑﻨِ َﻲ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َﻋـ َﲆ َ ْﲬـ ٍﺲ\"َ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻧ َﻤ ْ ٍﲑَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ).(12 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ :اﺗﺒ َﻊ ﻓِﻴﻪ َﺧ َﻠ ًﻔﺎ) ،(13ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻗﺎ َل :إ ﱠن ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ًﲈ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﳌﻨﺎﺳ ِﻚ ،و َﻫـ َﺬا ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ذﻛﺮه َﺧ َﻠ ٌﻒ واﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي و َﳘﺎ ﻓِﻴﻪ ،ﻓﺎ َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻧ َﻤ ٍﲑَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ أﺑﻴـﻪ) ،(14وﻋـﲆ ﺗﻘﺪﻳ ِﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜﻮ َن ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲاﳌَﻨَﺎ ِﺳ ِﻚ،ﻓﻘﺪ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن ،ﻓﻼﺑ ﱠﺪ) (1ﻣﻦ ِذ ْﻛ ِﺮ أن ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ًﲈ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻹﻳ َﲈن. = َو َﻗﺎ َل َﻋﻨﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ :اﻹ َﻣﺎم ،ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱢﺪث ،اﻟ َﺼ ُﺪوق. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒ ٍﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ واﻟﺼﺪوق. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴ َﺪ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺮواة واﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﳌﺴﺎﻧﻴﺪ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ،(257) ،و ِﺳ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟﻨﱡ َﺒ َﻼ ِء ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(5/15) ، ) (1ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ُﺴﻨَ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى.(3254/207/2) ، ) (2ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ،ﻓﺬﻛﺮه ،و َﻫ َﺬا ﴏﻳﺢ ِﰲ أن اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي أﺳﻨﺪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ \" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ُ (3ﻫ َﻮ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ. )َ (4ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (56) ،(884/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻏ ْﺰ َو ِة اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋِ ِﻒِ ،ﰲ َﺷ ﱠﻮا ٍل َﺳﻨَﺔ َﺛ َﲈ ٍن.(4325) ، )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (68) ،(1251/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺒ ﱡﺴ ِﻢ َواﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﺤ ِﻚ.(6086) ، ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(418/5) ، )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﻤﺮ\" ﺧﻄﺐ. ) (8ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﴘ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻦ\" ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﷲ\" و\"ﻋﻤﺮ\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ. ) (9ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (10ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(7480) ،(1515/3) : )ِ (11ﰲ )أ( \"ﻋﻤﺮو\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (12ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(14/6) ، ) (13ﻫﻮﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪون أﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻮاﺳﻄﻲ ،وﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﻃﺮاف اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ،ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﻔﻘﻮدة .ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ 401ﻫـ. اﻧﻈﺮ :اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴ َﺪ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ رواة اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﳌﺴﺎﻧﻴﺪ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ) ،ص ،(263وﺳ َﲑ أﻋﻼم اﻟﻨﺒﻼء ،ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ.(260/17) ، )َ (14ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :ص (5) ،(39ﺑﺎب ﺑﻴﺎن أر َﻛﺎ َن ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم ودﻋﺎﺋﻤﻪ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم=.(16/19) ، 305
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﺣ ْﻨﻈَ َﻠ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳ ْﻔﻴَﺎ َن ا َﳌ ِﻜ ّﻲ)َ ،(2ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮِ ،ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ \"ا ْﻟ ِﻔﻄْـ َﺮ ُة َﻗ ﱡﺺا ْﻷَ ْﻇ َﻔﺎ ِر\"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َلاﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡيَ :ر َوا ُهاﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ ِﰲاﻟﻄﱠ َﻬﺎ َر ِة َﻋﻦا َﳊﺎ ِر ِث)(3ﺑﻦ ِﻣ ْﺴ ِﻜﲔَ ،ﻋ ِﻦا ْﺑ ِﻦ َو ْﻫ ٍﺐ َﻋﻨﻪﺑﻪ).(5)(4 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻮا ِﻟ ُﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ)َ : (6ﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ ِة َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ َﺑﺎ ِب َﻗ ﱢﺺ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎ ِر ِب ،ﻣـﻦ أﺑـﻮاب اﻟ ﱢﻠ َﺒﺎ ِسَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َﻣ ﱢﻜ ﱡﻲ)ْ (7ﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َأ ْﺻـ َﺤﺎ ُﺑﻨَﺎ َ :ﻋـ ِﻦ اﳌَ ﱢﻜـ ﱢﻲَ ،ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﻗﺎ َل ِ \" :ﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ ِة َﻗ ﱡﺺ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎ ِر ِب\") ،(8ﱂ ﻳـﺰ ْد َﻋـ َﲆ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ،و ِﰲ اﳌُ ْﺴـﻨَ ِﺪ ﻓﺎﺋـﺪ ٌة ﻟﻄﻴﻔ ٌﺔ ،و ُﻫ َﻮ أ ﱠن اﻟﻘﺎﺋ َﻞ َ :ﻗﺎ َل َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑﻨَﺎ)ُ (9ﻫـ َﻮ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱡي ،وا َﳌ ﱢﻜـ ﱡﻲ ُﻫـ َﻮ َﺣﻨْ َﻈ َﻠـﺔ ،واﳌـﺮا ُد َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴـ َﻨ ِﺪ اﻷَ ﱠو ِل ُﺳـ ﱢﻤﻲ ﺑِ َﺤﻨْﻈَ َﻠﺔ ،و ِﰲ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻘ ِﺔ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِ ِﻪ ُﻧ ِﺴ َﺐ إِ َﱃ ﺑﻠ ِﺪ ِه ،واﻟ ﱠﺴﻨَ َﺪا ِن ُﻣ ﱠﺘ ِﺼ َﻼن ،اﻷَ ﱠول َ :ﻣ ﱢﻜ ﱞﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺣﻨْﻈَ َﻠ َﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻧـﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ،واﻟﺜﺎﲏ َ :أ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ُب اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﻋﻦ اﳌَ ﱢﻜ ﱢﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ،و ِﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ. /56ب ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل :وﺗﺮ َك ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﺣﻨْﻈَ َﻠ َﺔ ﺑﺴـﻨ ٍﺪ آﺧـﺮَ ،أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ اﻟﺒُ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي ﻋﻘﺐ اﻟﱰﲨﺔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرةَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َر َﺟﺎ ٍء)َ ،(10ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎ ُق ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈ َن)َ ،(11ﺳـ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َﺣ ْﻨﻈَ َﻠـ َﺔ، َﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َأ ﱠن َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﻗﺎ َل ِ \" :ﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ ِة \"...ﻓﺬﻛﺮه).(1 =وﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﻌﻘﺐ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﺗﻌﻘ َﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ،وأﺿﺎف أن اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ﻧﺒﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ َْﳊﻖ اﻷﻃﺮاف. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟﻨﻜ َﺖ اﻟﻈﺮاف.(14/6) ، وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺬي رأﻳﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع أن اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ﻋﺰاه ﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب اﻹﻳ َﲈن ،وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب اﳊﺞ. ) (1ﻛﺘﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻻﺑﺪ\" \"ﻻ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺑﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﺑﺪ\" ِﰲ أول اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (2اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬﻛِ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ.(176/1) ، )ِ (3ﰲ )ب( \"اﳊﺮث\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ُ (4ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ) :ص (12) ،(11ﺑﺎب َﺣ ْﻠﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َﻧ ِﺔ.(12) ، ) (5ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(92 /6) ، ) (6ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب( وﺗﺮك ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎ ًﺿﺎ ِﰲ )ب( ﺑﻘﺪرﻫﺎ. )ِ (7ﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي \" :ا َﳌ ﱢﻜ ﱡﻲ\". )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(5888) ،(1220/3) : ) (9ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ اﳌﻜﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ...،و ُﻫﻮ أن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ َ :ﻗﺎ َل َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (10أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﳍﺮوي ،واﺳﻢ أﺑﻴﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ. اﳉﻤﻴﻊ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ إﻻ َﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻔﻆ َ \" :ﺻ ُﺪوق\". ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(57/2) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّيَ ،(363/1) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ.(55) ، )َ (11أ ُﺑﻮ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪي ،اﻟﻜﻮﰲ ،اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي. ﱂ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ درﺟﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔ إﻻ أﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل َ :ﺻ ُﺪوق ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ ،واﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻊ ،ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ \" :ﺻﺎﻟﺢ\". ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ=. 306
و ِﰲ أﻃﺮا ِف َﺧ َﻠ ٍﻒ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ِ \" :ﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ ِة َﺗ ْﻘﻠِﻴ ُﻢ ا ْﻷَ ْﻇ َﻔﺎ ِر\" ،و َﻗﺎ َل َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟﻠﺒﺎ ِس َﻋـﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َر َﺟﺎ ٍءَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎ َق ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈ َنَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔَ ،ﲠ َﺬاَ ،ﻗﺎ َل أﺑﻮ ﻣﺴـﻌﻮد) : (2و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻠﺒـﺎ ِس َﻋـﻦ َﻣ ﱢﻜ ﱢﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ َ :و َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ُﺑﻨَﺎ َ :ﻋﻦ َﻣ ﱢﻜ ﱢﻲَ (3) ،ﻋـﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﻈ َﻠـ َﺔ)َ ،(4ﻋـﻦ َﻧـﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل ﺧﻠ ٌﻒ :وﱂ أﺟﺪ أﻧﺎ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ َﻣ ﱢﻜ ّﻲ. َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ) : (5و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ)َ (6ﻣ ﱢﻜ ّﻲ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﱂ ﳚ ْﺪه َﺧ َﻠ ٌﻒ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ﺑﺎ ٍب ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِب ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِﻴﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َر َﺟﺎ ٍء ،اﻧﺘﻬﻰ. ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ َ :ﻟﻜِﻦ ﻗﻮل )(7أﰊ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد َ :و َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ُﺑﻨﺎ َ :ﻋﻦ َﻣ ﱢﻜ ّﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺣ ْﻨ َﻈ َﻠ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ ،ﻳﻘﺘﴤـ أ ﱠن ا ُﳌـ َﺮا َد َﻣ ﱢﻜ ّﻲ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﻧ َﻤ ْﲑَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴ ِﺪ اﷲ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮَ ،ﻋـ َﲆ إﺳﻨﺎدِ ُ َﳏ ﱢﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ) (8ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻧ َﻤﲑَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي :وﺑﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘ ِﻖ) ،(9واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺬو ِر َ \" :ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﺘـ َﻖ ِ ْﴍ ًﻛﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﳑْ ُﻠﻮ ٍك َﻓ َﻌ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﻋ ْﺘ ُﻘ ُﻪ ُﻛ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ\").(10 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﺻﻮاﺑﻪ ِ :ﰲ اﻟﻌﺘ ِﻖ ،وﺻﺤﺒ ِﺔ اﳌ َﲈﻟﻴﻚ).(1 =اﻧﻈﺮ :ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(224 /2) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(429 /2) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ، ).(252/1 )َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (64) ،(1220/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻘﻠِﻴ ِﻢ اﻷَ ْﻇ َﻔﺎ ِر.(5890) ، ) (2ﻫﻮ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ،وﻫﻮ أﺣ ُﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ َز ﰲ ﻋﻠ ِﻢ اﻷﻃﺮاف ،وﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻷﻃﺮاف ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ .ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳـﻨﺔ 401ﻫــ، وﻗﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ 400ﻫـ ِ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ ﺑﻐﺪاد ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـﺐ اﻟﺒﻐـﺪادي ،(172/6) ،واﻟﺒﺪاﻳـ َﺔ واﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ،ﻻﺑـﻦ ﻛﺜـﲑ ،(395/11) ،وﺗـﺬﻛﺮ َة اﳊﻔـﺎظ، ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(1068/3) ، )ِ (3ﰲ )أ( \"ﺗﻠﻚ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (4ﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،وﻛﺘﺐ \"ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ\". ) (5ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (6ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" \"ﺣﺪ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻳﺚ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ ،وﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺻﻮاب أﰊ\". ) (8ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ )ب( \" َأ ْ َﲪﺪ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (9ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ) :ص.(1501/1) ،(609 ) (10ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف=.(151/6) ، 307
ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ُ :ﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ َر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ اﷲُ) (2ﺗﺮﺟ َﻢ ﻟﻌﺘ ِﻖ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﳌﺸﱰ ِك ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ ،أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ :ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ ﱢﻠ َﻌﺎن ،وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﻮ ِع، ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘ ِﻖ ،وأور َد ِﰲ أ ﱠوﻟِ ِﻪ ﻃﺮ ًﻗﺎ)ِ (3ﰲ ﻋﺘ ِﻖ َأ َﺣ ِﺪ اﻟﴩﻳﻜﲔ ،واﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﻨـﺬور ،وﺗـﺮﺟ َﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻴﻤﲔ ،وأﺧﺮ َج ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻃﺮ ًﻓﺎ ِﰲ ﻋﺘ ِﻖ أﺣ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳﻜﲔ ،ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﻣﺮاد اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱢي اﻟﻌﺘﻖ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي ﻣـﻊ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺬو ِر ،أي ﺑﻌﺪه).(4 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻣﺎﻟِ ِﻚ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ َﻧ ٍﺲَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ \" :ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﺘ َﻖ ِ ْﴍ ًﻛﺎ َﻟـ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﺘ ِﻖَ ،ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ).(6)(5 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :ﻳﺰاد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ و ِﰲ ﺻﺤﺒ ِﺔ اﳌ َﲈﻟﻴ ِﻚ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ) ،(7وﻛِ َﺘﺎب ﺻﺤﺒﺔ اﳌ َﲈﻟﻴ ِﻚ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ) (8ﻛﺮارﻳﺲ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ٍﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻌﺒِ ﱢﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﺑ ْﺮ َد َةَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ \" :ﺛ َﻼ َﺛـ ٌﺔ ُﻳ ْﺆ َﺗـ ْﻮ َن َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﻫ ْﻢ َﻣ ﱠﺮ َﺗ ْ ِﲔ\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟﻌﺘ ِﻖ َﻋ ْﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻛﺜِ ٍﲑَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِر ﱢي ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ َﺻﺎﻟِ ِﺢ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺻﺎﻟِ ٍﺢ ﺑﻦ )(9ﺣﻲ َﻋﻨﻪ )(1)(10ﺑﻪ . =)َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :ص (27) ،(685ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ َﻷ ْﻳ َﲈ ِنَ (12) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﺘ َﻖ ِ ْﴍ ًﻛﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ،(1501/48) ،وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ ﺑـﺎب ُﺻ ْﺤ َﺒ ِﺔ ا َْﳌ َﲈ ِﻟﻴ ِﻚ ،ﻛ َﲈ أﺳﻠﻒ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ. ) (2ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﷲ\" ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ )أ(. )ِ (3ﰲ )ب( \"ﻃﺮ ًﻓﺎ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (4ﻋﺒﺎرة \"أي ﺑﻌﺪه\" ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :ص.(1501/1) ،(609 ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(208 /6) ، )َ (7ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ) :صِ (27) ،(685ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ َﻷ ْﻳ َﲈ ِنَ (12) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﺘ َﻖ ِ ْﴍ ًﻛﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ،(1501/47) ،وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ ﺑﺎب ﺻﺤﺒﺔ اﳌ َﲈﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب ،و ُﻫﻮ ﺑﺎب وﻟﻴﺲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ﻛ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ. )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"ﺛﻼث\". ) (9اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔ ،ﻳﻘﺎ ُل ﻟﻪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻲ وﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺎن. وﻧﻨﻮه ﻫﻨﺎ إِ َﱃ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱠﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ \" :ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻘﻮي\" ،واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ ِﰲ ﺛﻘﺎﺗﻪَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل ﻣـﺎ ﻧﻘﻠـﻪ اﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﺻـﺎﻟﺢ اﺑﻦ َﺣ ﱠﻴﺎن اﻟﻜﻮﰲ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺎت ،ﻟﻠﻌﺠـﲇ ،(464 ،463/1) ،وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷـ َﻒ ،(495/1) ،واﳌﻐﻨـﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،(481/1) ،ﻛﻼﳘـﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ. )َ (10ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (16) ،(518/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟﻌﺒﺪ إِ َذا َأ ْﺣ َﺴ َﻦ ِﻋ َﺒﺎ َد َة َر ﱢﺑ ِﻪ َو َﻧ َﺼ َﺢ َﺳ ﱢﻴ َﺪ ُه=.(2547) ، 308
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ِ :ﰲ اﻟﻌﺘ ِﻖ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِر ﱢي)َ ،(2ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻪ ذِ ْﻛﺮ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ،وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ﻓِﻴﻪ \" َأ ﱡﻳـ َﲈ َر ُﺟ ٍﻞ َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺟﺎ ِر َﻳ ٌﺔ َﻓ َﺄ ﱠد َ َﲠﺎ َﻓ َﺄ ْﺣ َﺴ َﻦ َﺗ ْﺄ ِدﻳ َﺒ َﻬﺎ)َ ،(3و َأ ْﻋ َﺘ َﻘ َﻬﺎ َو َﺗ َﺰ ﱠو َﺟ َﻬﺎ َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟـ َﺮا ِن /57أ َو َأ ﱡﻳـ َﲈ َﻋ ْﺒـ ٍﺪ َأ ﱠدى ُﺣ ُﻘـﻮ َق َﻣ َﻮاﻟِﻴ ِﻪ َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟ َﺮا ِن\" ،وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛ ْﺮ ﻓِﻴﻪ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺑ َﺤ ْﻴﻨَ َﺔِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِـ ﱠﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َر َأى َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﺻ ﱠﲆ َر ْﻛ َﻌ َﺘ ْ ِﲔ َو َﻗ ْﺪ ُأ ِﻗﻴ َﻤ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼةَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :أ ُﺗ َﺼ ﱢﲇ اﻟ ﱡﺼ ْﺒ َﺢ َأ ْر َﺑ ًﻌﺎ؟ َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي ِ :ﰲ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ أﰊ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد وأﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ و ﱠﲪﺎد ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ وأﺑﻮ ﻋﻮاﻧﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن َﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ َﻋـﻦ ﺣﻔـﺺ َﻋـﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِـﻚ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﺑ َﺤ ْﻴﻨَ َﺔ ،وأﻫﻞ اﳊﺠﺎز َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ َ :ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺑ َﺤ ْﻴ َﻨ َﺔ ،و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻷﺻﺢ).(4 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﻫ َﺬا ﻣﺘﻌﻘ ٌﺐ ِﰲ أﰊ ﻋﻮاﻧﺔ ،ﻓﺈن رواﻳ َﺘ ُﻪ)ِ (5ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ) ،(6وﻏﲑه َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ِذ ْﻛﺮ َذﻟِ َﻚ ،إﻧ َﲈ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ِذ ْﻛﺮ ُﺑ َﺤ ْﻴﻨَ َﺔَ ،أ ْو َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲ اﺑﻦ ُﺑ َﺤ ْﻴ َﻨ َﺔ ،أ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﻓﻼ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ َﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺨ ِﻌ ّﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎ ِﻟ ِﻪ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮدَ ،ﻋ ِﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴـ ُﻌﻮ ٍدِ ،ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ : َﺑﻴْ َﻨ َﲈ َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﻏﺎ ٍر ﺑِ ِﻤﻨًﻰ ،إِ ْذ َﻧ َﺰ َﻟ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ) ba :اﳌﺮﺳﻼت ...(1 :ﻓـﺬﻛﺮ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ا َﳊ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ)َ ،(7ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي ِ :ﰲ ﺿﻤ ِﻦ ُﻃ ُﺮ ِق اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي َﻗﺎ َل َ :و َﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِدَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴـﻪَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ اﷲِ)(8 َﲠ َﺬا).(9 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي رأﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي َو َﻗﺎ َل ا ْﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق َ :ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِدَ ،ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ).(10 =) (1ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(457 /6) ، ) (2ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻲ َﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ِ :ﰲ اﻟﻌﺘﻖ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑَ ،ﻋـ ْﻦ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن اﻟﺜـﻮري\" ﺳـﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣـﻦ )ب(. )ِ (3ﰲ \"ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (4ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(476 /6) ، )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \" َﻗﺎ َل رأﻳﺘﻪ\". )َ (6ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ) :ص (6) ،(281ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺻ َﻼة اﳌُ َﺴـﺎﻓِ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ َو َﻗ ْ ِﴫـ َﻫﺎَ (9) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻛ َﺮا َﻫـ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱡ ُﴩـو ِع ِﰲ َﻧﺎﻓِ َﻠـ ٍﺔ َﺑ ْﻌـ َﺪ ُ ُﴍو ِع اﳌُْـ َﺆ ﱢذ ِن، ).(711/66 )َ (7ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِ (28) ،(366/1) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ﺟﺰاء اﻟﺼﻴﺪَ (7) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻘ ُﺘ ُﻞ اﳌُ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب ،(1830) ،وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ،4931) : َ ،(4934ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :صِ (39) ،(920ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻼ ِمَ (37) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻗ ْﺘ ِﻞ ا َْﳊ ﱠﻴﺎ ِت َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َﻫﺎ.(2234/138) ، ) (8ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﷲ\" ِﰲ )ب( َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻋ ْﺒﺪ \" و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (9ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(5/7) ، )َ (10ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(1039/2) : 309
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ)َ (1ﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ ِﺰﻳ َﺪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺨ ِﻌ ﱢﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮدٍ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﺣ ﱠﺞ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ا ِﷲ ا ِﷲ اﺑﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮدٍ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎ اﳌﺰدﻟﻔﺔ ﺣﲔ اﻷذان ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻌ ْﺘ َﻤ ِﺔ ...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪ ،وﻓِﻴﻪ \"إِ ﱠن َﻫـﺎ َﺗ ْ ِﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼ َﺗ ْ ِﲔ ُﺣ ﱢﻮ َﻟ َﺘـﺎ َﻋـﻦ َو ْﻗﺘ ِﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َﳌْ َﻜﺎ ِن)َ ،\"(2ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧﺎﻟِ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ ُز َﻫ ْ ٍﲑ) ،(3و َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َر َﺟﺎ ٍءَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴ َﻞ) ،(5)(4ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق)َ (6ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ،وروا ُه اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ َﻋـﻦ ِﻫـ َﻼ ِل ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌـ َﻼ ِء)َ ،(7ﻋـﻦ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﻴﺎش)َ ،(8ﻋ ْﻦ ُز َﻫ ْ ٍﲑ )(10)(9ﻧﺤﻮه . َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :وﻓِﻴﻪ \"إِ ﱠن َﻫﺎ َﺗ ْ ِﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ َﺗ ْ ِﲔ ُﺣ ﱢﻮ َﻟ َﺘﺎ َﻋﻦ َو ْﻗﺘ ِﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳌ َﻜﺎ ِن\" ُﻳـﻮ ِﻫ ُﻢ َأ ﱠن َذﻟِـ َﻚ ِﻣـ ْﻦ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ،ﺑﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ِﰲ رواﻳ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧﺎﻟِ ٍﺪ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ،ورواﻳ ِﺔ ِﻫـ َﻼ ِل ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻼ ِء ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ أن َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ ِل َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮدٍ ،وﻟﻜﻦ وﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱢي ﻣـﻦ رواﻳـ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َر َﺟﺎ ٍء َﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ أن َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،وﻗﺪ َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨﱠﺎ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ﻓِـﻴ َﲈ ﻛﺘﺒﻨـﺎه َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱢي ،وﻻ ﻧﻌﺮ ُف َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،وإﻧ َﲈ َﻫ َﺬا ﻗﻮل ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮ ٍد. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈ َن اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ ِﺶ َﻋﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ُﻛﻨﱠـﺎ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﻏﺎ ٍر َﻓﻨَ َﺰ َﻟ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َ ،baﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ ﺑﺪء اﳋﻠـﻖ َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪة ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲَ ،ﻋﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ آدم/57 ،ب َﻋﻦ إﴎاﺋﻴﻞ )(12)(11ﺑﻪ . ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب( وﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎ ًﺿﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪرﻫﺎ. ) (2ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌَْ َﻜﺎ ِن\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (97) ،(337/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ﱠذ َن َو َأ َﻗﺎ َم ﻟِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ َوا ِﺣﺪ ٍة ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻬ َﲈ.(1675) ، ) (4ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ إﺳﺤﺎق اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ. )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (99) ،(338/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ َﺘﻰ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺠ َﺮ ﺑِ َﺠ ْﻤ ٍﻊ.(1683) ، ) (6ﻫﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒِﻴ ِﻌﻲ. ) (7أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ،اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِﻫِ ّﲇ. ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(248 /9) ، ﻗﺎل ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ َ :ﺻ ُﺪوق ،وﻛﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،واﺑ ُﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ﻣﺮة :ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ،وﻣﺮ ًة :ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪَ ،ر َوى َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ُﻣﻨْ َﻜﺮ ًة ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ وﻻ أدري اﻟﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﻪَ ،أ ْو ﻣﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪوق. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(79 /9) ،وا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ اﳌﺸـﺘﻤﻞ ،ﻻﺑـﻦ ﻋﺴـﺎﻛﺮ) ،ص ،(313وﺗﺴـﻤﻴ َﺔ ﺷـﻴﻮخ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴـﺎﺋِ ّﻲ، )ص ،(70وا ْﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷ َﻒ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲَ ،(342/2) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(7346) ، )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﺒﺎس\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (9اﻟ ُﺴﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى .(4030/171/4) : إﺳﻨﺎده ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻫﻼل ﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻼء ﻳﺮﺗﻘﻲ إﱃ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺒﺨﺎري. ) (10ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(86 /7) ، )َ (11ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (16) ،(688/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َ ْﲬ ٌﺲ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب َﻓ َﻮا ِﺳ ُﻖُ ،ﻳ ْﻘ َﺘ ْﻠ َﻦ ِﰲ ا َﳊ َﺮ ِم.(3317) ، ) (12ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(103 /7) ، 310
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َ :أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ِﰲ َﺑـ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠـ ِﻖَ ،ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ)(1 َﻋﺒْﺪ ُة ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲَِ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ آ َد َمَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎا ِﺋﻴ َﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮ ٍر َﲠ َﺬا ،و َﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴـ َﻞَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﻷﻋﻤـﺶَ ،ﻋـﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪَ ،و َﺗﺎ َﺑ َﻌ ُﻪ َأ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ٍﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴ َﻞ).(3)(2 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ُﻣ ِﻐ َﲑ َة ﺑﻦ ِﻣ ْﻘ َﺴﻢ اﻟ ﱠﻀﺒﻲ)َ ،(4ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ) (5اﺑـﻦ ﻣﺴـﻌﻮدِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُﻛ ﱠﻨﺎ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﻏﺎ ٍر َﻓ َﻨ َﺰﻟَ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ …ba ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ّي ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ِﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺶ َ :ﻋ ْﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮ ٍد).(6 ) (1وﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﻖ ِﰲ )ب( ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ. ) (2ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺶَ ،ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ،وﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ أﺳﻮد ﺑـﻦ ﻋـﺎﻣﺮَ ،ﻋـﻦ إﴎاﺋﻴـﻞ\" أﳊﻘـﺖ َﻋـ َﲆ ﻳﻤـﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ )ب(. )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ُ ،(1039/2) :ﺳﻮ َر ُة اﳌﺮﺳﻼت.(4931) ،(1) ، )َ (4و ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﻌﺪَ ،و َزا َد َ \" :ﻛﺜِـﲑ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" ،وا ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ ،واﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠـِ ﱡﲇَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻛـﺎن ﻳﺮﺳـﻞ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻋـﻦ إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ\" ،وأﺑﻮﺣـﺎﺗﻢ، واﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡي ،واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ،وﻛﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻟﲔ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ\" ،واﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻣﺘﻘﻦ ،إﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺪﻟﺲ وﻻ ﺳﻴ َﲈ ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ\". َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(464 /7) ، َو َﻗﺎ َل اﳌﻌﺘﻤ ُﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻃﺮﺧﺎن :ﻛﺎن أﰊ ﳛﺜﻨﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻐﲑة ،وﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪه ﻛِ َﺘﺎب. ﻗﺎل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ :ﻛﺎن َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ ذﻛ ًﻴﺎ ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻈﺎ ،وﻋﺎﻣﺔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﺧﻮل ،ﻋﺎﻣﺔ َﻣﺎ روى ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ إﻧ َﲈ ﺳﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱠﲪﺎد وﻣﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ واﳊﺎرث اﻟﻌﻜﲇ وﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪة وﻋﻦ ﻏﲑه ،وﻛﺎن ﻳﻀﻌﻒ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﳌﻐﲑة ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ وﺣﺪه ،ﻣﻊ أن رواﻳﺘـﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﲔ. َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ داود ِﰲ ذات اﻟﺴﻴﺎق :أدﺧﻞ ﻣﻐﲑة ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﴩﻳﻦ رﺟ ًﻼ. َو َﻗﺎ َل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر :إﻧ َﲈ ﺳﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺛﻼث َﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺳﺒﻌﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ وﻳﺪﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ. َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ داود :ﺳﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ َﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺛ َﲈﻧﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة :ﻛﺎن ﻻ ﻳﺪﻟﺲ. ﻓﻌﻘﺐ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ،ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ :ﻛﺄﻧﻪ َأ َرا َد َﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﺎه اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺈذا وﻗﻒ أﺧﱪﻫﻢ ﳑﻦ ﺳﻤﻌﻪ. َو َﻗﺎ َل ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻴﻞ :ﻛﺎن ﻣﻐﲑة ﻳﺪﻟﺲ ،وﻛﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ إﻻ َﻣﺎ ﻗﺎل :ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ. َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﻐﲑ ُة َ :ﻣﺎ وﻗﻊ ِﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﳾء ﻓﻨﺴﻴﺘﻪ. َﻓ َﻌ ﱠﻘ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ َ \" :ﻫ َﺬا واﷲ اﳊﻔﻆ ،ﻻ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ درس ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﻣﺮات ﻋﺪة ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺮﺿﻪُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﲣـﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪُ ،ﺛـ ﱠﻢ درﺳـﻪ وﺣﻔﻈﻪُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻧﺴﻴﻪ َأ ْو أﻛﺜﺮه\". َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ اﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ اﳌﺪﻟﺴﲔ. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺛِ َﻘ ٌﺔ ،ﻳﺪﻟﺲ ﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ،وﱂ ﻳﴫح ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ َﲈع. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ﻋﻠ َﻞ أﲪﺪ )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ( ،(207 /1) ،وﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺎت ،ﻟﻠﻌﺠـﲇ ،(293 /2) ،واﳌﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ واﻟ َﺘـﺎ ِرﻳﺦ ،ﻟﻴﻌﻘـﻮب ﺑـﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن اﻟﻔﺴﻮي ،(93 /3) ،وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ أي ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(228 /8) ،و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻜـ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(397 /28) ،و ِﺳـ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺒ َﻼ ِء ،(10/6) ،واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،(425 /2) ،وﻣﻴﺰا َن اﻻﻋﺘﺪال ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ،(496 /6) ،وﲢﻔ َﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻞ ِﰲ ذﻛﺮ رواة اﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ ،ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ) ،ص َ ،(313و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،(6851) ،وﺗﻌﺮﻳ َﻒ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺲ ﺑﻤﺮاﺗـﺐ اﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻓِﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ ،(155) ،ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. ) (5ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻋﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(107/7) ، 311
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺳ َﺒ َﻖ ِﰲ اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ِة إ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗﻮل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ِﰲ َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠ ِﻖ َ :و َﺗﺎ َﺑ َﻌ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑـﻮ َﻋ َﻮا َﻧـ َﺔ، َﻋﻦ ُﻣ ِﻐ َﲑ َة ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ).(1 وأﺳﻘ َﻂ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف َﻣﺎ ذﻛ َﺮ ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ ،ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛ ْﺮ ُه ﻫﻨﺎ وﻻ ﻫﻨﺎك ،و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ :و َﻗﺎ َل َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ َ ﱠﲪﺎدٍ َ :أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ َﻮا َﻧ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻣ ِﻐ َﲑ َةَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ).(2 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨـ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﺼـﻮ ِر) (3ﺑـ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺘ ِﻤـ ِﺮ َﻋـ ْﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋـ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤـ َﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ)ُ : (5)(4ﻛ ﱠﻨﺎ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﻏﺎ ٍر َﻓﻨَ َﺰ َﻟ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ... ba :ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ. َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠ ِﻖ َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْﺪ َة ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ ا ِﷲَ ،ﻋﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑ ِﻦ آ َد َمَ ،ﻋـ ْﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴـ َﻞَ ،ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺑـﻪ، َو َﺗﺎ َﺑ َﻌ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ َﻮا َﻧ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻣ ِﻐ َﲑ َةَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ْﻔ ٌﺺَ ،و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ِو َﻳ َﺔَ ،و ُﺳ َﻠﻴْ َﲈ ُن ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻗ ْﺮ ٍم)َ : (6ﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ ِﺶَ ،ﻋـﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋـﻦ )َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (16) ،(688/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َ ْﲬ ٌﺲ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َوا ﱢب َﻓ َﻮا ِﺳ ُﻖُ ،ﻳ ْﻘ َﺘ ْﻠ َﻦ ِﰲ ا َﳊ َﺮ ِم.(3317) ، )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(1039/2) : )ِ (3ﰲ )أ( \"ﻗﻴﴫو\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (4ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺑﻦ اﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ َﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﷲِ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" أﳊﻘـﺖ ِﰲ )أ( َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ. ) (5ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" ﻛﺮرت ِﰲ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ. ) (6ﻓﺮق ﺑﲔ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮم وﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ اﻟﻀﺒﻲ اﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ﺗﺒ ًﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري ُﺛ ﱠﻢ اﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﺪي واﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ،واﺑﻦ ﻗﻄﺎن. َو َﻗﺎ َل َﻏ ْ ُﲑ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ إ ﱠن ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈ َن ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ ﻫﻮ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮم ،ﻣﻨﻬﻢ أﺑﻮﺣﺎﺗﻢ واﺑﻨﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ،و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ واﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ واﻟﻄﱪاﲏ وﻋﺒـﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ. و َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﻗﻮل اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ :وﺗﻔﺮد َأ ُﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﴘ ﺑﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ أﺑﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎ ًذاَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة :ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺎذ اﺳﻢ ﺟﺪه ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﻄﺊ. و َﻋ ﱠﻘﺐ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮم وﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ ،ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ \" :ﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎس اﺑـﻦ ﻋﻘـﺪة ﻣﻌﺠﻢ أﺳ َﲈء ﻣﻦ روى ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﺜﻮري ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮمَ ،ﻟﻜِ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ أرﻗﻢ وﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﻣﻌـﺎذ ،ﻓﺄﺣﺴـﺐ اﺑـﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﺷﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ أرﻗﻢ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎذ ،ﻓﻈﻨﻪ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮم ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎذ\". وﻧﻨﻮه ﻫﻨﺎ إِ َﱃ أن اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ﺗﻨﺎول ﻫﺬه ا َﳌ ْﺴ َﺄ َﻟﺔ ﺑﴚء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻓﺎ ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮه. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻣﺮة ،وﻛﺬا ا َﳊﺎﻛِﻢ. َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻣﺮة :ﻻ أرى ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄ ًﺳﺎ َﻟ ِﻜ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻔﺮط ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺸ ﱡﻴﻊ. وﱂ ُﻳ َﻘ ﱢﻮه اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﴚء. َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ. َو َﻗﺎ َل أﺑﻮﺣﺎﺗﻢ َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﲔ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن :ﻛﺎن راﻓﻀﻴﺎ ﻏﺎﻟ ًﻴﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﻓ ِﺾ وﻳﻘﻠ ُﺐ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﻊ َذ ِﻟ َﻚَ ،و َذ َﻛ َﺮه ا َﳊـﺎ ِﻛ ُﻢ ِﰲ ﺑـﺎب ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻴـ َﺐ َﻋـ َﲆ ﻣﺴـﻠ ٍﻢ إﺧـﺮاج َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻬﻢ .وﻗﺎل :ﻏﻤﺰوه ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻠﻮ وﺳﻮء اﳊﻔﻆ ﲨﻴ ًﻌﺎ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ِﺪ ّي :ﻟﻪ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﺎن إﻓﺮادات. َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ \" :ﳼء اﳊﻔﻆ ﻳﺘﺸﻴﻊ\"َ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة \" :ﺿﻌﻴﻒ اﳊﻔﻆ\"=. 312
اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِدَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲِ) ،(1و ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ َﻋﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮ ٍد)َ ،(2ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴ َﻞ ﺑﻪ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل َ :و َﺗﺎ َﺑ َﻌـ ُﻪ َأ ْﺳـ َﻮ ُد ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ٍﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎا ِﺋﻴ َﻞ).(4)(3 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ُ :ﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻨ ِﺪ اﳌﺬﻛﻮ ِر ،وﻟﻔﻈﺔ َﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ ُة ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﻋﺒْـﺪ اﷲَِ ،ﻗـﺎ َل : َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َ ْﳛﻴَﻰ ْﺑ ُﻦ آ َد َمَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴ َﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﺼﻮ ٍر َﲠ َﺬا ،و َﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎا ِﺋﻴ َﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ ِﺶَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻠ َﻘ َﻤـ َﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﻣﺜﻠﻪَ ،و َﺗﺎ َﺑ َﻌ ُﻪ َأ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﺎ ِﻣ ٍﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْ َﴎا ِﺋﻴ َﻞ) ،(5وﱂ أ َر ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف َذ ِﻟ َﻚ. ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ :ورأﻳ ُﺖ ﻧﺴﺨ ًﺔ أﺧﺮى ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻷَ ْﻃ َﺮا ِف َﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ َأ ِﺟ ْﺪ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ َذﻟِ َﻚ ،واﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َأ ﱠن َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻧ ْﺴـ َﺨ ِﺔ اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ّي ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ أور َد ُﻣ َﺘﺎ َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴ َﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮدَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰَ ،ﻋـﻦ إِ ْ َﴎاﺋِﻴـ َﻞ ،وﻃﺮﻳـﻖ َﻋﺒْـﺪ َة ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻢ ﺑﻦ ُﺻ َﺒ ْﻴ ٍﺢ(6) ،أﰊ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﺤﻰ َﻋـﻦ َﻣ ْ ُﴪـو ٍقَ ،ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴـ ُﻌﻮدٍِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ :إِ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﳌَﺎ َر َأى ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِس إِ ْد َﺑﺎ ًراَ ،ﻗﺎ َل \" :اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬـ ﱠﻢ َﺳـ ْﺒ ٌﻊ َﻛ َﺴـ ْﺒ ِﻊ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳـ َﻒ\"َ ،ﻗـﺎ َل =وﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ َﻗﺎ َل ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴﻨﻲ. ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ،و َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،واﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ ،واﺑ ُﻦ َﻃﺎ ِﻫﺮ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ ،واﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ،وﻛﺬا ﺿﻌﻔﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي ،وﻗﺎل \" :ﱂ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻞ ذﻛﺮه ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ،وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ِﰲ اﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎء\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻃﺎ ِﻫﺮ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ ﻣﺮة \" :ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﻣﱰوك ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"َ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة \" :ﻻﳾء ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\". ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ُ :ﺳ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ) ،ص ،(169و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري( ،(412/3) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪارﻣﻲ() ،ص ،(129واﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ،ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري ،(39 ،33/4) ،واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َوا َﳌ ْ ُﱰوﻛِـﲔ ،ﻟﻠﻨﺴـﺎﺋﻲ) ،ص ،(186واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ ،ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ،(502 /2) ،وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ ،(136/4) ،واﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎ ِت ،ﻻﺑـﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒـﺎن ،(89/6) ،واﳌﺠـﺮوﺣﲔ، ﻻﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ،(332/1) ،واﻟﻜﺎﻣـ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻋـﺪي ،(257/3) ،وﻣﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ ُﻋ ُﻠـﻮم ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ) ،ص ،(246اﳌـﺪﺧﻞ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢِ ،(138/4) ،ﻛ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ،واﳌﻮﺿ َﺢ ﻷوﻫـﺎم اﳉﻤـﻊ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـﺐ اﻟﺒﻐـﺪادي ،(349/1) ،وﺑﻴـﺎ َن اﻟـﻮﻫﻢ واﻹﳞﺎم ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ،(524/5) ،وذﺧﲑ َة اﳊﻔﺎظ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﻃـﺎﻫﺮ اﳌﻘـﺪﳼ ،(2008/4 ،1476 ،1464 /3) ،وﴍح اﻟ ﱠﻨـ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ،(188/16) ،و َﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي ،(687 /8) ،و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐَ ،(498/3) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬـ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،(2600) ،ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬـﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ،و ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ َة اﻟﻘﺎري ،ﻟﻠ َﻌ ْﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ،(392/19) ،وﻣﺮﻋﺎ َة اﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ،ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎرﻛﻔﻮري.(381/6) ، ) (1ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ،ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ) :ص .(313 ) (2اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺔَ ،أ ُﺑﻮ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻏﻴﻼن اﻟ َﻌ َﺪ ِو ّي ،ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ ،ا َﳌ ْﺮ َو ِز ّي. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗ ْﺬ ِﻛ َﺮ َة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(475 /2) ، )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ُ ،(1039/2) :ﺳﻮ َرة اﳌﺮﺳﻼت.(4931) ،(1) ، ) (4ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(110 /7) ، ) (5ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ،ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ) :ص .(313 )ِ (6ﰲ )ب( \"أﺑﻮ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. 313
اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎ ِء)َ ،(1ﻋﻦ ا ُْﳊ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺪ ﱢيَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴﻨَﺔ) ،(2و ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺟ ِﺮﻳ ِﺮ اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﳊﻤﻴﺪي) ،(3ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻬ َﲈ)َ (4ﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ ِﺶ/58 ،أ َﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﺤﻰ ﺑﻪ).(5 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َ :ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ا ُﳊ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﺪ ّي) (6ﱂ أﻗ ْﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎ ِء) ،(7وإﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ِﲑ)ُ (8ﺳـﻮ َر ِة ُﻳﻮ ُﺳـﻒ)،(9 ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ) ،(9و َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒ َﺔ ﱂ أﻗ ْﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ُ :ﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ُﺳﻮ َر ِة ص ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟِ ِﻪ) 7 6 5 4 :ص .(86 : َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ)َ (10ﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﺒِﻴﺐَ ،أ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﻲ َﻋﻦ ﻋﺜ َﲈ َن ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﻔـﺎ َن َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْـ ُﻪِ ،ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :أ ﱠن ُﻋـ ْﺜ َﲈ َن ﳌَـﺎ ُﺣ ِ َﴫـ َأ ْ َﴍ َف َﻋ َﻠـ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ ِﻣـ ْﻦ َﻓـ ْﻮ ِق َدا ِرهِ ...ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي) ،(11واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ).(13)(12 )َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (2) ،(201/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب ُد َﻋﺎ ِء اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ \" :ا ْﺟ َﻌ ْﻠ َﻬـﺎ َﻋ َﻠـ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ ِﺳـﻨِ َﲔ َﻛ ِﺴـﻨِﻲ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳـ َﻒ\"، )َ ،(1007ﻋﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈ َن ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺷ ْﻴ َﺒ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺟ ِﺮﻳ ٍﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮ ٍرَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱡﻀ َﺤﻰ ،ﺑﻪ. )َ (2ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي ِ (12) ،(968/2) :ﻛ َﺘـﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺴـ ِﲑ اﻟ ُﻘـ ْﺮآ ِنَ (4) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻗ ْﻮﻟِـ ِﻪ '&%$#\"! : () *.(4693) ،-,+ )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (3) ،(1005/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ .(4809) ،7 6 5 4 : ) (4ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ\" ﺧﻄﺄُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﻛﻠﻴﻬ َﲈ\" ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ. ) (5ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(146 /7) ، ) (6ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﳊﻤﻴﺪي ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻬ َﲈ َﻋﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺶَ ،ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﻀـﺤﻰ ﺑـﻪَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َﺷـ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﳊﻤﻴـﺪي\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (7وﺑﻨﺤﻮه َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟﻨﻜ َﺖ اﻟﻈﺮاف.(146 /7) ، )ِ (8ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (9ﻋﺒﺎرة \"وإﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ُﺳﻮ َرة ﻳﻮﺳﻒ\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ(. ) (10ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻣﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ\" ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ﻗﺪرﻫﺎ. )ُ (11ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ) :ص (46) ،(839ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﳌ َﻨﺎ ِﻗ ِﺐَ (19) ،ﺑﺎ ٌب ِﰲ َﻣ َﻨﺎ ِﻗ ِﺐ ُﻋـ ْﺜ َﲈ َن ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﻔـﺎ َن َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْـ ُﻪَ ،و َﻟـ ُﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺘـﺎن، ﻳﻘﺎ ُلَ :أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋﻤﺮو ،و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ.(3699) ، وﻗﺎل اﻟﱰﻣﺬي َ :ﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ٌﺢ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈ َن. وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ.(449/2) ، )ُ (12ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ) :صِ (29) ،(562ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﺒﺎ ِسَ (4) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َو ْﻗ ِﻒ ا َْﳌ َﺴﺎ ِﺟ ِﺪ.(3609) ، ) (13ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(259/7) ، 314
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :ﺗﺮ َك ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ َﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ ﺑـﺎ ِب إذا وﻗـﻒ أر ًﺿـﺎ(1) ،أو ﺑﺌـ ًﺮا ،و َ َﴍ َط ﻟﻨﻔ ِﺴـ ِﻪ، وﴍط ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ دﻻء اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ،و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ :ﻗﺎ َل َﻋ ْﺒﺪا ُن)َ : (3)(2أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ ِﲏ َأ ِﰊ)َ ،(4ﻋﻦ ُﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ َﺔ)َ ،(5ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ إِ ْﺳـ َﺤﺎق)،(6 إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق)َ ،(6ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦَ ،أ ﱠن)ُ (7ﻋ ْﺜ َﲈ َن ﺣﲔ ُﺣﻮ ِ َﴏ َأ ْ َﴍ َف َﻋ َﻠـ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢَ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل َ :أ ْﻧ ُﺸـ ُﺪ ُﻛ ُﻢ ا َﷲَ ،و َﻻ َأ ْﻧ ُﺸـ ُﺪ إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،أ َﻟ ْﺴ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﺗ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻤﻮ َن َأ ﱠن َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ َﻔـ َﺮ ﺑِ ْﺌـ َﺮ)(8 ُرو َﻣ َﺔ َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ ا َْﳉﻨﱠ ُﺔ؟ َﻓ َﺤ َﻔ ْﺮ ُ َﲥﺎَ ،أ َﻟ ْﺴ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﺗ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻤﻮ َن َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ)َ (9ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻣ ْﻦ َﺟ ﱠﻬ َﺰ َﺟ ْﻴ َﺶ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْ َﴪ ِة َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ ا َْﳉﻨﱠ ُﺔ؟ َﻓ َﺠ ﱠﻬ ْﺰ ُ ُﲥ ْﻢ)َ ،(11)(10ﻗﺎ َل : َﻓ َﺼ ﱠﺪ ُﻗﻮ ُه).(12 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﺳ ْﻌ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ َﺪ َةَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ)َ (13ﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋِ ﱟﲇ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﺑ َﻌ َﺜﻨِﻲ َر ُﺳـﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َواﻟ ﱡﺰ َﺑ ْ َﲑَ ،و َأ َﺑﺎ َﻣ ْﺮ َﺛ ٍﺪَ ،و ُﻛ ﱡﻠ َﻨﺎ َﻓـﺎ ِر ٌسَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل \" :ا ْﻧ َﻄﻠِ ُﻘـﻮا َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ َﺗـ ْﺄ ُﺗﻮا َر ْو َﺿـ َﺔ َﺧـﺎ ٍخ)...(14 )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"و\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﺒﻴﺪان\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ُ (3ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔَ ،ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ أﰊ رواد ،وﻟﻘﺒﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪانُ .ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ 220ﻫـ ،وﻗﻴﻞ 221ﻫـ ،وﻗﻴﻞ222ﻫــ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(276 /15) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(4452) ، )ُ (4ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔ ،ﻋﺜ َﲈن ﺑﻦ َﺟ َﺒ َﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ أﰊ رواد اﻟ َﻌ َﺘ ِﻜ ّﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ اﳌﺮوزيُ .ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ 200ﻫـ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟﻜ َﲈل ،ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﺰ ّي ،(344 /19) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(3465) ، )ُ (5ﻫ َﻮ اﺑﻦ اﳊﺠﺎج. )ُ (6ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒِﻴﻌﻲ. ) (7ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦَ ،أ ﱠن\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )ب( ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪه \"ﺻﺢ\". ) (8ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﺌﺮ\" ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ ،وﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي. )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"أن رﺳﻮ َل اﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ\". ) (10ﻛﺘﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺟﻬﺰﲥﻢ\" \"ﺟﻬﺰ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺑﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﲥﻢ\" ِﰲ أول اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ،و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋـﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴـﻴﻖ، وﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ ا َﻷ ﱠول \"ﺟﻬﺰ\" \"ﺗﻢ\". )ِ (11ﰲ )أ( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ\". )َ (12ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (55) ،(579/2) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ َﻮ َﺻﺎ َﻳﺎَ (33) ،ﺑﺎ ُب إِ َذا َو َﻗ َﻒ َأ ْر ًﺿـﺎ َأ ْو ﺑِ ْﺌـ ًﺮاَ ،وا ْﺷـ َ َﱰ َط ﻟِ َﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴـ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﺜـ َﻞ ِد َﻻ ِء ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ.(2778) ، ) (13ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"إن\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ أوﺻﻠﺖ ﲠﺎ اﻟﻴﺎء ،وأﺑﺪﻟﺖ اﻟﻨﻮن ﺑﺎ ًء ،وﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"أﰊ\" ،و ِﰲ )ب( ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺴـﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻬـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻲ \" َﻋﻦ\" و\" َﻋ ْﺒﺪ \" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ. ) (14ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺿ ٌﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻜﺔ واﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ،ﺑﻘﺮب ﲪﺮاء اﻷﺳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ،ﻟﻴﺎﻗﻮت اﳊﻤﻮي.(335/2) ، 315
ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﺳﺘﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ َﻋﻦ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ َﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﻋ َﻮا َﻧـ َﺔ ،ﻳ َﻌﻨـﻲ َﻋـﻦ ُﺣ َﺼ ْ ٍﲔ َﻋﻨﻪ).(2)(1 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :اﻟﱠ ِﺬي ذﻛﺮه ِﰲ اﺳﺘﺘﺎﺑ ِﺔ اﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ إ ﱠﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ َﻮا َﻧ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﺣ َﺼ ْ ٍﲔَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻓﻼن َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ،وﻟﻜﻨـﻪ ﺑﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪة).(3 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَﺒَ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ﻧﺎﻓ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑـﻦ ا ِﳋﻄَـﺎب َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ \" َﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﺎ َع َﻋﺒْ ًﺪا َوﻟَ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ٌلَ ،و َﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﺎ َع َﻧ ْﺨﻼً َﻗ ْﺪ ُأ ﱢﺑ َﺮ ْت\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه أﺑﻮ داوود) ،(4واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ).(6)(5 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﺗ َﺮ َك اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ َﺗ ْﻌ ِﻠﻴ َﻖ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ،و َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ِﺔ اﻟﺮﺟـﻞ َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن ﻟـﻪ ﺛﻤـﺮ َأ ْو ﴍبَ ،أ ْو ِﰲ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ َأ ْو ِﰲ ﻧﺨﻞَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :و َﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌﺒْﺪ ) ،(7وﻣﺮاد اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ،و)(8ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ًﻓﺎ ،وﻛﻼم أﰊ داوود ،ﻳﺪل َﻋ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا) ،(9وﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ًﻋﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ أﺧﻄـﺄ ﻛـ َﲈ ﻧﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ) ،(10وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮه ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱢﻲ ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟ َﻜ َﻼ ِم) ،(11اﻧﺘﻬﻰ. )َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (9) ،(1604/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﺄ ﱢو ِﻟ َﲔ.(6939) ، ) (2ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(400/7) ، ) (3ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗﺎم .(6259 ،3983 ،3081) : )ُ (4ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ) :ص (17) ،(523ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِعَ (44) ،ﺑﺎ ٌب ِﰲ ا ْﻟﻌﺒﺪ ُﻳ َﺒﺎ ُع َو َﻟ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ٌل.(3434) ، ) (5اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى ،(4968 ،4967 /39/5) :وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ا ْ َﻷ ْر َﻗﺎم .(11702 ،11701 ،11697) : ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(69 /8) ، )َ (7ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِ (42) ،(478/1) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ُﳌ َﺴﺎ َﻗﺎ ِةَ (17) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟـ ِﻞ َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن َﻟـ ُﻪ َﳑَـ ﱞﺮ َأ ْو ِ ْﴍ ٌب ِﰲ َﺣـﺎﺋِ ٍﻂ َأ ْو ِﰲ َﻧ ْﺨـ ٍﻞ، ).(2379 )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻦ\". ) (9وﻛﻼم َأ ِﰊ داود ﻫﻮ َ \" :وا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َﻒ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي َو َﻧﺎﻓِ ٌﻊ ِﰲ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ِﺔ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ َﻫ َﺬا َأ َﺣ ُﺪ َﻫﺎ\". َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َ :وا ْﺧ ُﺘﻠِ َﻒ َﻋ َﲆ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ َو َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍ ِﰲ َر ْﻓ ِﻊ َﻣﺎ َﻋ َﺪا اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺨ َﻞَ ،ﻓ َﺮ َوا ُه اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي َﻋﻦ َﺳـﺎ ِﱂٍ َﻋـﻦ َأﺑِﻴـ ِﻪ َﻣ ْﺮ ُﻓﻮ ًﻋـﺎ ِﰲ ِﻗ ﱠﺼـ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺨـ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟﻌﺒﺪ َﻣ ًﻌﺎَ ،ﻫ َﻜ َﺬا َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎ ُظ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،و َﺧﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ُﻬ ْﻢ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ ُن ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺣ َﺴ ْ ٍﲔ َﻓ َﺰاد ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ اﺑـﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮَ ،ﻋـﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ َﻣ ْﺮ ُﻓﻮ ًﻋـﺎ َِﳉ ِﻤﻴـ ِﻊ ا ْ َﻷ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚَ ،أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲَ ،و َر َوى َﻣﺎ ِﻟ ٌﻚ َواﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚ َو َأ ﱡﻳﻮب َو ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ َو َﻏﲑﻫﻢ َﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ َﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﻗ ﱠﺼـ َﺔ اﻟﻨّﺨـﻞ، َو َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ِﻗ ﱠﺼ َﺔ ا ْﻟﻌﺒﺪ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔَ ،ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑـﻮ َدا ُو َد ِﻣـ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳـ ِﻖ َﻣﺎ ِﻟـ ٍﻚ ﺑِﺎ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻨﺎ َد ْﻳ ِﻦ َﻣ ًﻌـﺎَ ،و َﺟـ َﺰ َم ُﻣ ْﺴـﻠِ ٌﻢ، َواﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ﱡﻲ ،واﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ﱡﻲ ﺑِ َ ْﱰ ِﺟﻴ ِﺢ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ ا ُﳌ َﻔ ﱠﺼ َﻠ ِﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ َﺳﺎﱂَ ،و َﻣـﺎ َل َﻋـ ﱡﲇ ﺑـﻦ ا َﳌـ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ َواﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ﱡي واﺑـ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ ا ْﻟـ َ ﱢﱪ إِ َﱃ َﺗ ْﺮ ِﺟﻴ ِﺢ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ َﺳﺎ ِﱂٍَ ،و ُر ِو َي َﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ َر ْﻓ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ﱠﺼ َﺘ ْ ِﲔَ ،أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ َر ﱢﺑ ِﻪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ ،و ُﻫﻮ َو ْﻫـ ٌﻢَ ،و َﻗـ ْﺪ َر َوى َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠزا ِق َﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٍﺮ َﻋﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮب َﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ إِ ﱠﻻ َﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َﺷ ْﺄ ُن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪَ ،و َﻫ َﺬا َﻻ َﻳـ ْﺪ َﻓ ُﻊ َﻗـ ْﻮ َل َﻣـ ْﻦ َﺻـ ﱠﺤ َﺢ اﻟ ﱠﻄـ ِﺮﻳ َﻘ ْ ِﲔ َو َﺟ ﱠﻮ َز َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ َﻬ ْ ِﲔ .ور ﱠﺟ َﺢ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻨﺨﻞ ،ووﻗﻒ ﻗﺼﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﻓ ْﺘﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ.(5،51 ،402/4) ، ) (10ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى .(362 /10) : ) (11ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف .(69/8) : 316
ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ :و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ٌﺢ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﱰﲨﺔِ ،ﻣ ْﻦ ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡ ْﴩ ِب ،ﻣﺮد ًﻓﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻋﺒْـﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨِﻲ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍبَ ،ﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ ِﱂِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْﺪ ا ِﷲَ ،ﻋﻦ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َ :ﺳـ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳـﻮ َل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُل َ \" :ﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﺑﺘَﺎ َع َﻧ ْﺨﻼً َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َأ ْن ُﺗ َﺆ ﱠﺑ َﺮ َﻓ َﺜ َﻤ َﺮ ُ َﲥﺎ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎ ِﺋ ِﻊ) (1إِﻻﱠ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺸ َ ِﱰ َﻃ َﻬﺎ) (2ا ُْﳌ ْﺒ َﺘﺎ ُعَ ،و َﻣـ ِﻦ /58ب /58ب ا ْﺑ َﺘﺎ َع َﻋ ْﺒ ًﺪا َوﻟَ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ٌل َﻓ َﲈﻟُ ُﻪ ﻟِ ﱠﻠ ِﺬي َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺸ َ ِﱰ َط اﳌُْ ْﺒﺘَﺎ ُع\") ،(3و َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ، َﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ . وﻗﻮل َﺷ ْﻴﺨﻨﺎ َ :أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ،ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ،ﻓﺈ ﱠن اﻟﻈﱠﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َر َوا ُه َﻋﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟـ ٍﻚ ،ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ َﻋﻄَ َﻔـ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ،و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﻮﺿ ُﻊ اﻟﱠ ِﺬي أﺷﺎ َر إﻟﻴﻪ َﺷﻴْ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱢد َﻋ َﲆ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪ ِةِ ،ﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ َ :و ُﳌِ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ َ \" :و َﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ َﺘـﺎ َع َﻋ ْﺒ ًﺪا َوﻟَ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ٌل\" ،ﻛ َﲈ ﺗﻘﺪم).(4 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻧﺎﻓِ ِﻊ َﻣ ْﻮ َﱃ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮَ ،و َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُه)َ ،(5ذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻟﻪ اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ﻣﻦ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺜﲔ، أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ َ :أ ﱠن ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َﻓ َﺮ َض ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ َﻬﺎ ِﺟ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ا ْﻷَ ﱠو ِﻟ َﲔ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ آ َﻻ ٍف ،...وأﻋﻠ َﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ،واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ِ :ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒـﺪ ﻳﺒـﺎع َو َﻟـ ُﻪ َﻣﺎل ،وأﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي).(7)(6 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷﻴْ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﺗﺮ َك ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ ﳑﱠﺎ ذﻛ َﺮ ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي رواﻳﺔ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮِ ،ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف ،ﻳ َﻌﻨـﻲ َﻧـ ْﺬ َر ُه َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﺘﻜِ َﻒ ﻟَﻴْ َﻠ ًﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ ا َْﳊ َﺮا ِمَ ،ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺳ َﺄ َل َﻋﻨ ُﻪ ِﺣ َﲔ اﻟْ َﻌ ْﻮ ُد ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺣﻨَ ْﲔ)َ ،(8ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل ﻋﻘـ َﺐ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﺳـ ْﺒ ِﻲ)َ (9ﻫـ َﻮا ِز َن)(10 )ِ (1ﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي \"ﱂ اﺑﺘﺎع\". )ِ (2ﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي \"ﻳﺸﱰط\". ) (3ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َو َﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ َﺘﺎ َع َﻋ ْﺒ ًﺪا َو َﻟ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ٌل َﻓ َﲈ ُﻟ ُﻪ ِﻟ ﱠﻠ ِﺬي َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺸ َ ِﱰ َط ا ُْﳌ ْﺒ َﺘﺎ ُع\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (4وﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻗﻮل َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ،ﺑﻌﺒﺎرﺗﻪ \" :ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ :و َﻋـﻦ َﻣﺎﻟـ ٍﻚُ ،ﻫـ َﻮ ﻣﻌﻄـﻮف َﻋـ َﲆ ﻗﻮ ِﻟـ ِﻪ َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴـ َﺚ ،ﻓ ُﻬـ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺻﻮل ،واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ َﻣﺎ ِﻟ ٍﻚ ،وزﻋﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﴩاح َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ\". اﻧﻈﺮ َ :ﻓ ْﺘ َﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي ،(51/5) ،وﺗﻐﻠﻴ َﻖ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ،(317 /3) ،ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ. ) (5ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺎؤﻫﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻃﺮف اﻟﺮاء ِﰲ )ب( ﻓﺼﺎرت ﻛﺎﻟﻮاو ،ﻓﻜﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺑﻴﺎن ﻳﺬﻛﺮه\" ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ. )َ (6ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (63) ،(807/2) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﻣﻨَﺎ ِﻗ ِﺐ اﻷﻧ َﺼﺎ ِرَ (45) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ِﻫ ْﺠ َﺮ ِة اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو َأ ْﺻـ َﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ.(3912) ، ) (7ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(111 /8) ، )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِ (57) ،(655/2) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب َﻓ ْﺮ ِض ا ُﳋ ُﻤ ِﺲَ (19) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻳ ْﻌ ِﻄـﻲ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻟ َﻔـ َﺔ ُﻗ ُﻠﻮ ُ ُﲠ ْﻢ َو َﻏ ْ َﲑ ُﻫ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ُﳋ ُﻤ ِﺲ َو َﻧ ْﺤ ِﻮ ِه.(3144) ، ) (9ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ )ب( ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻲ \" َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ\" و\"ﻫﻮازن\" إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ. )ِ (10ﰲ )أ( \"ﻫﻮان\" ﺧﻄﺄ. 317
َﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻌ َﲈ ِن)َ ،(1ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َ ﱠﲪﺎ ُد ْﺑ ُﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮ َبَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،أ ﱠن ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ ،ﻳ َﻌﻨـﻲ) (2أﺳـﻨﺪه، أﺳﻨﺪه ،ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺗِ ٍﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺒﺎ َر ِكَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻤ ٍﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮ َبَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻧﺎﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َ :ﺳـﺄَ َل ُﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ).(3 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :اﻷو ُل ﻣﻨﻘﻄ ٌﻊَ ،ﻧﺎﻓِ ٌﻊ َﱂْ ُﻳ ْﺪ ِر ْك ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ،اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ،و َﻧ ﱠﺒ َﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻄـ ِﻪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻧﺴﺨ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي اﻟﺘﻲ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪي ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺑﻌﺔ ،و َﻗﺎ َل :إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﱂْ ُﻳﻨَ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ اﻷﻃﺮاف. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻨ ِﺪ ﻋﻤ ِﺮو ﺑﻦ اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻮ ِص ا َﳉ َﺸ ِﻤ ّﻲ)َ ،(4ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ﱢﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﺳـ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳـﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ﱠﺠـ ِﺔ ا ْﻟـ َﻮ َدا ِع َﻳ ُﻘـﻮ ُل َ \" :أﻻ إِ ﱠن ُﻛـ ﱠﻞ ِر ًﺑـﺎ ِﰲ ا َْﳉﺎ ِﻫﻠِ ﱠﻴـ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺿﻮ ٌع \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ. َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ َﻋﻦ اﳊﺴ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ ا َﳋ ﱠﻼل)َ (5ﻋﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑـﻦ َﻋـِ ﱢﲇ ا ُﳉ ْﻌ ِﻔـ ﱢﻲ َﻋـﻦ زاﺋﺪةَ ،ﻋﻦ ﺷﺒﻴﺐ) (6ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺮﻗﺪةَ ،ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو) (7ﺑﻦ اﻷﺣﻮصَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ).(9)(8 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َ :أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ أﺑﻮا ِب اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻜـﺎح)ِ ،(10ﰲ َﻣـﺎ َﺟـﺎ َء ِﰲ َﺣـ ﱢﻖ اﳌَـ ْﺮ َأةِ َﻋـ َﲆ َز ْو ِﺟ َﻬـﺎ، ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺪ) (11اﳌﺬﻛﻮر).(1 )ِ (1ﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ \"اﻟﻴ َﲈن\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"ﻧﴘ ﺛﻢ\". )َ (3ﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي (64) ،(883/2) :ﻛِ َﺘـﺎ ُب ا َﳌ َﻐـﺎ ِزيَ (54) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻗـ ْﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ yxwvu : ،¬ ª©¨§¦¥¤£ ¢¡~}| { z إِ َﱃ َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ .(4320) ،- , : )ِ (4ﰲ )أ( \"اﳋﺸﻤﻲ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. وا َﳉ َﺸ ِﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺸﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳋﺰرج. اﻷﻧﺴﺎب ،ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ.(61/2) ، )ِ (5ﰲ )أ( \"اﻟﻜﻼل\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (6ﰲ )أ( \"ﺷﺒﻴﺖ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﻤﺮ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ُ (8ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ) :ص (44) ،(692ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮآ ِنَ (10) ،ﺑﺎب َو ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺳﻮ َرة اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ َﺑ ِﺔ.(3087) ، وﺣﺴﻦ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ. ) (9ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(132/8) ، )ُ (10ﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ أﺑﻮاب اﻟ ﱠﺮ َﺿﺎ ِع ،وﻟﻴﺲ أﺑﻮاب اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻜﺎح. ) (11ﻛﺮرت \"ﺑﺎ\" ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ،ﻣﺮة ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﺎ ،وﻣﺮة ِﰲ أول ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺪ\" ِﰲ أول اﻟﺴﻄﺮ=. 318
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈ َن ﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎر ﻣﻮﱃ َﻣ ْﻴ ُﻤﻮ َﻧ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎ ٍس)ِ (2ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﻛﺎ َن َردِﻳ َﻒ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﻓ َﺠﺎ َء ُه َر ُﺟ ٌﻞَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :ﻳـﺎ َر ُﺳـﻮ َل ا ِﷲ إِ ﱠن ُأ ﱢﻣـﻲ َﻋ ُﺠـﻮ ٌز َﻛﺒِـ َﲑ ٌةَ ،وإِ ْن َ َﲪ ْﻠ ُﺘ َﻬﺎ َﱂْ َﺗ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻤ ِﺴ ْﻚ)َ ،(3ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ)ُ ،(4ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل زﻳﺎدة ُ :رو َي َﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎرَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍسَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺧﻴﻪ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس ،وﺳﻴﺄﰐ).(5 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُر ِو َي َﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈ َن ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎر)َ ،(6ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍسَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺧﻴﻪ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀﻞ إﻧ َﲈ ُﻫـ َﻮ ِﰲ ﺳﺆا ِل /59أ اﳌﺮأ ِة ا َﳋ ْﺜ َﻌ ِﻤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ) ،(7ﻻ ِﰲ ﺳﺆا ِل رﺟ ٍﻞ َﻋﻦ أ ﱢﻣﻪ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَﺒَ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َة َﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َة)َ (8ﻋ َﲆ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :ﻗ َﻌـ َﺪ)َ (9ر ُﺳـﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆاﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋ َﲆ َﺑ ِﻌ ِﲑ ِهَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ \" :أ ﱡي َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (10ر َوا ُه اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻔ ِﺴـﲑ)،(12)(11 و ِﰲ َﺑ ْﺪ ِء ا َﳋ ْﻠ ِﻖ)َ ،(13ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎ ِب اﻟﺜﱠ َﻘ ِﻔ ّﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ أﻳﻮ ِبَ ،ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳ ِﲑﻳﻦ َﻋﻨﻪ).(1 =)ُ (1ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي .(1163/267) : )ِ (2ﰲ )أ( \"ﻋﻴﺎض\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (3ﰲ )أ( \"ﲪﻠﻬﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﺴﻚ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ُ (4ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ) :ص (50) ،(810ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب آ َدا ِب اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة (10) ،ذﻛﺮ ا ِﻻ ْﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِف َﻋ َﲆ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ إِ ْﺳ َﺤ َﻖ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ.(5394) ، ) (5ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف(132/8) ، ) (6ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎسَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺧﻴﻪ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ،وﺳﻴﺄﰐَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :اﻟﺬي روى َﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎر\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )ب(. )ُ (7ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ) :صِ (50) ،(810 ،809ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب آ َدا ِب اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة (9) ،ا ُْﳊ ْﻜ ُﻢ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺸﺒِﻴ ِﻪ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻤﺜِﻴ ِﻞَ ،وذﻛﺮ ا ِﻻ ْﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِف َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِﻟﻴ ِﺪ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎ ٍس.(5391 ،5389) ، وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ. )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻜﺮ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺼﲆ\". )ِ (10ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (11ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(. )َ (12ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (8) ،(959/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ¡~}|{ zyxw vut : َ ،(4662) ،«ª©¨§¦¥¤ £¢ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻮ ﱠﻫﺎ ِبَ ،ﻋﻦ َ ﱠﲪﺎ ِد ْﺑـ ِﻦ َز ْﻳـ ٍﺪ، َﻋﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮبَ ،ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ. )َ (13ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (2) ،(668/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ َﺳ ْﺒ ِﻊ َأ َر ِﺿ َﲔ=.(3197) ، 319
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ُ :ﻫ َﻮ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﺣﻴ ِﺪِ ،ﰲ َﺑﺎ ِب َﻗ ْﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﻋـ ﱠﺰ َو َﺟـ ﱠﻞ , + *) : ) ،/. -اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ َ ،(2)(23 ،22 :ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ اﳌُ َﺜﻨﱠﻰَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻮ ﱠﻫﺎ ِبَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َأ ﱡﻳﻮ ُبَ ،ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ،واﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺑﻌﺪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ،ﻓ ِﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮةَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ﱢﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ) ،(3و ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﻀ َﻬﺎ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َةَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َة)َ ،(4ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،و ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﻀ َﻬﺎ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َﻋﻦ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َةَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،ﻓﻌﲆ)َ (5ﻣﺎ ُو ِﺟ َﺪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺮ َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ا ُﳌ ﱠﺘ ِﺼ َﻠ ِﺔ)َ (6ﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﺬﻛ َﺮ ُه ﻫﻨﺎ ،وﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ ُو ِﺟ َﺪ ِﰲ رواﻳ ِﺔ َ :ﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َة َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﻌﻠ َﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـ ٍﺪ َﻋـﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮة ،وﻋﲆ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮ َة)َ ،(7ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻳـﺬﻛﺮه ِﰲ اﳌﺮﺳـﻼت و َﱂْ ُﻳﻨَ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﳾء ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه) (8اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ).(10)(9 ﺛﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪَ(11) ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮة ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ :أن اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ﱠﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﺧ َﻄـ َﺐ ِﰲ ﺣﺠﺘﻪَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ \" :أ َﻻ إِ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻣﺎ ُن َﻗ ِﺪ ا ْﺳ َﺘ َﺪا َر َﻛ َﻬ ْﻴ َﺌ ِﺔ)َ (12ﻳ ْﻮ َم َﺧ َﻠ َﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻤ َﻮا ِت َواﻷَ ْر َض \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي): (13 َر َوا ُه اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ِﰲ )(15)(14ا َﳊ ﱢﺞ . =) (1ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(49/9) ، )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(7447/1511/3) : ) (3ﻋﺒﺎرة \" ِﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮةَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ\" ﻣﻜﺮرة ِﰲ )ب(. ) (4ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮة\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺼﲆ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (6ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (7ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )ب( َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺻﻮاب ﺑﻜﲑة\". ) (8ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻫﺬه\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ\". ) (10و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ (64) ،(901/2) :اﳌﻐﺎزيَ (77) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﺣ ﱠﺠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻮ َدا ِع ،(4406) ،وﻛـﺬا َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑـﻮ داود )ص (5) ،(298ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﳌﻨَﺎ ِﺳ ِﻚَ (68) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ا ْﻷَ ْﺷ ُﻬ ِﺮ ا ُْﳊ ُﺮ ِم ،(1947) ،ﳐﺘ ًﴫا ،وﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳌـﺰي ،وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ َﻣـﺎ ﻗﺎﻟـﻪ اﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﻜ ِﺖ اﻟﻈﺮاف.(49/9) ، )ِ (11ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (12ﰲ )ب( \"ﻛﻬﻴﺔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (13ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (14اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى .(4201/ 233/4) : واﳊﺪﻳﺚ إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺠﻤﻴﻊ رواﺗﻪ ﺛﻘﺎت. ) (15ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(55/9) ، 320
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪ َم ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ) (1أﰊ َﺑ ْﻜ َﺮة َﻋـﻦ أﺑﻴـﻪ أن ِﰲ ﺑﻌـ ِﺾ رواﻳـﺎ ِت اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي ﳏﻤ ًﺪا َﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮةِ ،ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨ ِﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺨﺎ ِر ﻳﺎﻗﻮت)َ ،(2و َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُه َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ أﰊ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ اﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِر ِث ﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱠﻤ ِﺔَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي :ﻗﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ،و ُﻫـ َﻮ اﺑﻦ أﺧﺖ أﻣ ﱠﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ،وأﺧﺮ َج ﻟﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﲔ ،أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ َ :ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ا َﳌﺎ ﱢر َﺑ ْ َﲔ َﻳ َﺪ ِي اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﲇ) ،(3واﻟﺜـﺎﲏ َ :أ ْﻗ َﺒـ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻧ ْﺤ ِﻮ ﺑِ ْﺌ ِﺮ)َ َ (4ﲨ ٍﻞ)َ ،(5ﻓ َﻠ ِﻘ َﻴ ُﻪ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َﻓ َﺴ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ).(7)(6 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ا َﳌﺎر َ :ﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻣﻦ رواﻳ ِﺔ أﰊ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِرث ﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺼـ ﱠﻤﺔ) ،(8وإﻧـ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ رواﻳ ِﺔ أﰊ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ُﺟ َﻬﻴﻢ ،ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ َر َوا ُه اﻟﺴﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎن) ،(9وﻋﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﻓﺄﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻴﻢ ِﰲ اﻷَﻧﺼـﺎر اﺛﻨـﺎن : أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ َ :ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻬﻴﻢ ،و َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ِﰲ اﳌُ ُﺮو ِر ﺑﲔ َﻳ َﺪي اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﲇ ،واﻟﺜﺎﲏ :أﺑﻮ ا ُﳉ َﻬﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ )(11)(10اﳊﺎرث . و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺜﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻴ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ ،و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ذﻛ َﺮ ُه ا ُﳌ ِﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ ،وﱂ ﻳﻘ ْﻞ /59ب َر َوا ُه اﻷول َﻋﻦ أﰊ ا ُﳉ َﻬـﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ اﳊﺎرث ﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺼ ﱠﻤﺔ ،و َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮه ِﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼف ،وﱂ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮوا ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺒِ ِﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﷲ ﺑـﻦ ُﺟ َﻬـﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ اﳊـﺎرث ﺑـﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﺔ ،وﳑﻦ َذ َﻛ َﺮ أﳖ َﲈ اﺛﻨﺎن :اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ) ،(12وﳑﻦ َذ َﻛ َﺮ أﳖ َﲈ َوا ِﺣ ٌﺪ :أﺑﻮ )ُ(14)(13ﻧﻌﻴﻢ واﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﻨْ َﺪة) ،(15و َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ﱢﻲ ) (1ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (2ﻫﻮ اﻓﺘﺨﺎر اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﺑﻮ اﻟﺪر ،ﻳﺎﻗﻮت اﻟ ﱡﻄ َﻮا ّﳾ ،اﳊﺒﴚ ،اﻟﻌﺰي ،اﳌﺴﻌﻮديُ ،ﺗ ُﻮ ّﰲ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ اﻹﺳﻼم ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(182 /48) ، ) (3ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ،ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ) :ص .(250 )ِ (4ﰲ )أ( \"ﺑﲔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (5ﻫﻮ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ اﳉﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﻞ ،ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎل ﻣﻦ أﻣﻮاﳍﺎ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﻣﻌﺠ َﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ،ﻟﻴﺎﻗﻮت اﳊﻤﻮي.(299/1) ، )َ (6ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِ (7) ،(75/1) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘـ َﻴ ﱡﻤ ِﻢَ (3) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘـ َﻴ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ ِﰲ ا َْﳊ َ ِﴬـ إِ َذا َﱂْ َﳚِـ ِﺪ ا َْﳌـﺎ َءَ ،و َﺧـﺎ َف َﻓـ ْﻮ َت اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼة، ) ،(337وﻋﻨﺪ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ﻣﻌﻠ ًﻘﺎ) ،صِ (3) ،(161ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﳊ ْﻴ ِﺾَ (28) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻴ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ.(369/114) ، ) (7ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(140 /9) ، ) (8ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي :ﻗﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲَ ...،ﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ َأ ِﰊ ﺟﻬﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﺔ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ب(. ) (9ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟﺴﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎن\" ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ َﻏ ْﲑ واﺿﺤﺔ ،وﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (10ﰲ )أ( \"اﳊﺮاث\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (11ﻋﺒﺎرة \"و َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ِﰲ اﳌﺮور ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪي اﳌﺼﲇ ،واﻟﺜﺎﲏ َ :أ ُﺑﻮ اﳉﻬﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺮاث\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (12ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎ َب ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ.(190/4) ، )ِ (13ﰲ )أ( \"ﻟﻌﻴﻢ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (14ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ﻣﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻷَ ِﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ.(1611 /3) ، ) (15ﱂ أﺟﺪه ِﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻪ ،ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ِﰲ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﳌﻔﻘﻮدة. 321
ِﰲ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪة) ،(1واﻷﻇﻬ ُﺮ أ ﱠﳖُ َﲈ اﺛﻨﺎنَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ّي ﺑﻌﺪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻴ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ :زﻳﺎدة َ :ر َوا ُه اﺑـ ُﻦ َِﳍﻴ َﻌـﺔ َﻋـﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋـ َﺮ ِجَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎرَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﺟ َﻬ ْﻴﻢ).(2 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ِ :ز َﻳﺎ َدة اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ِﻒ :ورواه ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ ْﻘ َﺒ َﺔ وأﺑﻮ اﳊﻮﻳﺮث َﻋ ْﺒـ ُﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑـﻦ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ِو َﻳـﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﻷﻋﺮ ِجَ ،ﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺼ ﱠﻤ ِﺔِ ،ﰲ رواﻳ ِﺔ أﰊ اﳊﻮﻳﺮث ،و ِﰲ رواﻳ ِﺔ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﻘ َﺒﺔ َﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﺮ ِجَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﺟ َﻬ ْﻴﻢ ،ورواﻳـﺔ)(4)(3 أﰊ اﳊﻮﻳﺮث رواﻫﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ) ،(5ورواﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ رواﻫﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ).(6 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ)َ (7ﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ِﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َراﻓِ ٍﻊِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ \" :ا َْﳉـﺎ ُر َأ َﺣـ ﱡﻖ ﺑِ َﺼـ َﻘﺒِ ِﻪ\"، َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي) ،(8وأﺑﻮ داوود) ،(9واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ) ،(11)(10واﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ).(13)(12 َﻗﺎ َل)َ (14ﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ِ :ﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ اﻷُ ُﺻﻮ ِل ﻣﻦ َﺟﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱢي َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ َﻋِ ﱡﲇ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺣ ْﺠ ٍﺮَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ُﺳـ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ ُن ْﺑـ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴﻨَ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻴ َ َﴪ َةَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ِﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َراﻓِ ٍﻊ)َ ،(15ﻗـﺎ َل َ :ﻗـﺎ َل َر ُﺳـﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ\" :ا َْﳉﺎ ُر َأ َﺣ ﱡﻖ ﺑِ َﺼ َﻘﺒِ ِﻪ\" ،و ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي وروى إﺑﺮاﻫﻴ ُﻢ ﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻴ َ َﴪ َةَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩـﻳ ِﺪَ ،ﻋـ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َراﻓِ ٍﻊَ ،ﻗﺎ َل :وﺳﻤﻌ ُﺖ ﳏﻤ ًﺪا ﻳﻘﻮل :ﻛﻼ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺜﲔ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪي َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ٌﺢ ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻫ َﺬا و َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ِﺪَ ،ﻋـﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ ،وﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪ َم اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴ ُﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ) ،(16و َﱂْ ُﻳ َﻨ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ َﲈ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف ِﰲ اﳌﻮﺿﻌﲔ. ) (1ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ُ :ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ َة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم) ،ص.(85 ) (2ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(140 /9) ، )ِ (3ﰲ )ب( \"روى\". )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة اﺑﻦ\". )ُ (5ﻣ ْﺴ َﻨ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ،(69 ،31/12) :وﰲ اﻷُ ﱢم .(108 ،102 ،39/2) : ) (6ﺳﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ .(583/325/1) : ) (7ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ\" ﳏﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﳍﺎ أﺛﺮ ِﰲ )ب( ﻓﻤﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض. )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (36) ،(449/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔَ (2) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻋ ْﺮ ِض اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺒ َﻬﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ،(2258) ،وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ا ْ َﻷ ْر َﻗﺎم .(6981 ،6980 ،6978 ،6977) : )ُ (9ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ) :ص (17) ،(533ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِعَ (75) ،ﺑﺎ ٌب ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ.(3516) ، )ِ (10ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻨﺎﳼ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ُ (11ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ) :ص (45) ،(716ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِع (109) ،ذﻛﺮ اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻬﺎ ،(4702) ،ﺑﻠﻔﻆ \" :ﺑِ َﺴ َﻘﺒِ ِﻪ\". )ُ (12ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ) :صِ (17) ،(425ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔَ (2) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎ ِْﳉ َﻮا ِر ،(2495) ،وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ .(2498 ،2496) : ) (13ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(203/9) ، ) (14ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﳏﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﳍﺎ أﺛﺮ ِﰲ )ب( ﻓﻤﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض. ) (15أي ﻣﻮﱃ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ وﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ. ) (16راﺟﻊ ) :ص .(295 322
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ)َ (1ﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻄﺎ ِء ﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎر ﻣﻮﱃ َﻣ ْﻴ ُﻤﻮ َﻧ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َد َةِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ِ :ﰲ ﻗﺼ ِﺔ اﳊ َﲈ ِر اﳊ َﲈ ِر اﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ ِ ّﴚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﺑﺎﺋِ ِﺢ َﻋﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴ َﻞَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟ ٍﻚَ ،ﻋﻦ َز ْﻳ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْﺳ َﻠ ِﻢَ ،ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑـﻪ)،(2 و ِﰲ اﻷﻃﻌﻤ ِﺔ َﻋ ِﻘ َﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳ ِﺰ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ َﻋﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ) (3ﺑﻦ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ)َ (4ﺣﺎ ِزم)َ ،(5ﻋـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑـﻦ )(6أﰊ ﻗﺘﺎدةَ ،ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ :وﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ َز ْﻳ ُﺪﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْﺳ َﻠﻢَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ َﻄﺎ ِء ﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎرَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َد َة).(8)(7 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﺻ َﻮا ُﺑﻪ ِﰲ ا ِﳍ َﺒﺔ).(9 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎبَ ،ﻋﻦ ُ َﲪ ْﻴ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻮ ٍف اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫـ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋـﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮةِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ \" :ﻣ ْﻦ َﻗﺎ َم َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َن إِﻳ َﲈ ًﻧﺎ َوا ْﺣﺘِ َﺴﺎ ًﺑﺎ \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (10ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟﺼﻮم َﻋﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴ َﻞ ،و َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ) ،(11ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚَ ،ﻋﻨﻪ )(12ﺑﻪ . َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َ :ﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َ \" :ﻣ ْﻦ َﻗﺎ َم َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َن إِﻳ َﲈ ًﻧﺎ َوا ْﺣﺘِ َﺴﺎ ًﺑﺎ\" ﱂ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻮ ِم َﻋﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ، وإﻧ َﲈ َﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟﻪ)ِ (13ﰲ اﻹﻳ َﲈن َﻋﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴ َﻞ) ،(14وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ رواﻳ َﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي اﻟﺘﻲ ِﰲ اﻹﻳ َﲈن).(15 ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ\" ﳏﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﳍﺎ أﺛﺮ ِﰲ )ب( ﻓﻤﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض. )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (10) ،(1152/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺼ ﱡﻴ ِﺪ.(5490) ، ) (3ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ\" ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ ب\". )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (5ﻫﻮ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ دﻳﻨﺎر اﻷﻋﺮج ،ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻪ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ.(2489) ، ) (6ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أﰊ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (7ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (19) ،(1136/2) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﺮ ِق اﻟ َﻌ ُﻀ ِﺪ.(5407) ، ) (8ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(261 /9) ، )َ (9ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (3) ،(523/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﺳ َﺘ ْﻮ َﻫ َﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ.(2570) ، واﻷﺻﻞ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ وﻛﺬا ِﰲ اﳍﺒﺔ َو َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُه؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ِﰲ اﻷﻃﻌﻤـﺔ ﻣﻌﻠ ًﻘـﺎ ﻛـ َﲈ ِﰲ اﳍﺒـﺔ ،وﻛـﺬا ﻋﻠﻘـﻪ ِﰲ ) (56ا ِﳉ َﻬـﺎ ِد َواﻟ ﱢﺴ َ ِﲑَ (88) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ ِﻗﻴ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﻣﺎ ِح ،(2914) ،وﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ. )ِ (10ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (11ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (27) ،(13/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﺗ َﻄ ﱡﻮ ُع ِﻗ َﻴﺎ ِم َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َن ِﻣ َﻦ ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن.(37) ، ) (12ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(329 /9) ، )ِ (13ﰲ )ب( \"وإن ﺧﺮﺟﻪ\". )َ (14ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (1) ،(400/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻗﺎ َم َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َن.(2009) ، )َ (15و َﻗﺎ َل َ :أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ داود ِﰲ اﻟﺼﻮم واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ،وﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ِﰲ اﳌﻄﺒﻮع ،ﻓﻠﻌﻞ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ وﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻟ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻘﺐ. 323
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ /60أ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ دﻳﻨـﺎر َﻋـ ْﻦ أﰊ ﺻـﺎﻟﺢَ ،ﻋـ ْﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳـ َﺮ َةِ ،ﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ : \"ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ُن ﺑِ ْﻀ ٌﻊ َو ِﺳ ﱡﺘﻮ َن ُﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ ًﺔ\"َ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي :و ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﱠﲪﺎد)\" : (1ﺑِ ْﻀ ٌﻊ َو َﺳ ْﺒ ُﻌﻮ َن ُﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ ًﺔ\").(3)(2 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﻳﺰا ُد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ و ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ) (4اﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪَ ،و َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُ َﲪ ْﻴـ ٍﺪ \" :ﺑِ ْﻀـ ٌﻊ َو َﺳـ ْﺒ ُﻌﻮ َن\")،(6)(5 وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ) ،(7ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﱠﲪﺎد) ،(8وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ) (9اﷲ اﳌﺨﺮﻣﻲ).(10 ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ َ :ﻫ َﺬا َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ٌﺢ ،وﻗﺪ ا ْﺧ ُﺘﻠِ َﻒ َﻋ َﲆ أﰊ َﻋﺎ ِﻣﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِﺪ ّى ﻓِﻴﻪ ،ﻓﺮواﻳ ُﺔ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ اﳌُْ ْﺴ َﻨ ِﺪ ﱢي)َ (11ﻋﻨـﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي \" :ﺑِ ْﻀ ٌﻊ َو ِﺳ ﱡﺘﻮ َن\") ،(12ورواﻳ ُﺔ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪَ ،و َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﲪ ْﻴ ٍﺪ َﻋﻨﻪ \" :ﺑِ ْﻀ ٌﻊ َو َﺳـ ْﺒ ُﻌﻮ َن\"ِ ،ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴـﻠِ ٍﻢ، وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲ ا َﳌ ْﺨ َﺮ ِﻣ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ،وﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻫﺆﻻ ِء َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴ َﲈ َن ﺑﻦ ﺑِ َﻼلَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑـﻦ ِدﻳﻨَـﺎر، وأ ﱠﻣﺎ ُﺳ َﻬ ْﻴ ٌﻞ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ دِﻳ َﻨﺎ ٍر ،ﻓﺮواﻳ ُﺔ ﱠﲪﺎد ِﰲ أﰊ داوود ،ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي) ،(13ورواﻳﺔ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ َﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﺸﻚ ،ورواﻳﺔ ﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن َﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱢي) ،(14واﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ) ،(15ﻛﺮواﻳﺔ ﲪﺎد. ) (1أي اﺑﻦ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤﺔ. )ُ (2ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َدا ُود ) :صِ (34) ،(701ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔَ (15) ،ﺑﺎ ٌب ِﰲ َر ﱢد ا ْ ِﻹ ْر َﺟﺎ ِء.(4676) ، وﺻﺤﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ. ) (3ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(429 /9) ، )ِ (4ﰲ )أ( \" َﻋ ْﺒﺪ \" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (5ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﻳﺰاد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ و ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ وﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ \"ﺑِ ْﻀ ٌﻊ َو َﺳ ْﺒ ُﻌﻮ َن\"\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (6ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :صِ (1) ،(48ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ َنَ (12) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﺪد ُﺷ َﻌ ِﺐ ا ْ ِﻹﻳـ َﲈ ِن وأﻓﻀـﻠﻬﺎ وأدﻧﺎﻫـﺎ ،وﻓﻀـﻴﻠﺔ اﳊﻴـﺎء، وﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳ َﲈن.(35/57) ، ) (7أي اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ. )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :صِ (1) ،(48ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ َنَ (12) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﺪد ُﺷ َﻌ ِﺐ ا ْ ِﻹﻳـ َﲈ ِن وأﻓﻀـﻠﻬﺎ وأدﻧﺎﻫـﺎ ،وﻓﻀـﻴﻠﺔ اﳊﻴـﺎء، وﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳ َﲈن.(35/58) ، )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﺒﻴﺪ\". )ُ (10ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ) :صِ (48) ،(760ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن َو َ َﴍا ِﺋ ِﻌ ِﻪَ (16) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ذﻛﺮ ُﺷ َﻌ ِﺐ ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن.(5004) ، )ِ (11ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺴﻨﺪة\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (12ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (2) ،(8/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِنَ (3) ،ﺑﺎ ُب ُأ ُﻣﻮ ِر ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن.(9) ، ) (13ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(429 /9) ، )ُ (14ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي ) :ص (38) ،(589ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن َﻋﻦ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ (6) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣـﺎ َﺟـﺎ َء ِﰲ ا ْﺳـﺘِ ْﻜ َﲈ ِل ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن َو ِز َﻳﺎ َدﺗِ ِﻪ َو ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼﺎﻧِ ِﻪ.(14/26) ، )ِ (15ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻨﺎﳼ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. 324
َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎ ٍر أﰊ ا ُﳊ َﺒﺎ ِب َﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ ّةِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ \" َﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺪ َق ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻤ َﺮةٍ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ ْﺴ ٍﺐ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ٍﺐ \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)َ ،(1ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (2ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴ ِﺪ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َ :و ْر َﻗـﺎء)َ ،(3ﻋـ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑـﻦ دﻳﻨﺎر ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ َﻋﻨﻪ )(1)(4ﺑﻪ . )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"اﳊﺒﺎب\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (3ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ اﻟ َﻴ ْﺸ ُﻜ ِﺮ ّي. وﺛﻘﻪ وﻛﻴﻊ ،وﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ،وأﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ،وزاد \" :ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ،وﻫﻮ ﻳﺼﺤﻒ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺮف\" ،واﺑـ ُﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﻟـﱪ ،واﺑـﻦ رﺟﺐ ،واﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ،وزاد \" :وﺛﻘﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس\" ،وزاد ﻣﺮة \" :ﺛﺒﺖ\". وذﻛﺮه اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت.(565/7) ، وأﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة ﻟﻔﻈﺔ :ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ،وﻛﺬا أﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ اﻟـﺮازي ،وﻗـﺎل :أن ﺷـﻌﺒﺔ ﻳﺜﻨـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ،وﻛـﺬا اﻟـﺬﻫﺒﻲ ،وزاد : \"ﺻﺪوق\" ،وزاد ﻣﺮة \" :ﻋﺎﱂ\" ،وﻛﺬا أﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ :ﺻﺪوق ،وزاد \" :ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﻟﲔ\". وﻗﺎل ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة :ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس. وﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻘﻴ ﱡﲇ \" :ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮا ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر\" ،ﻓﻌﻘﺐ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ :وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻣﻌـﺎذ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﻌـﺎذ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻴﺤﻴﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن :ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ،ﻗﺎل :ﳑﻦ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻣﻦ ورﻗﺎء .ﻗﺎل :ﻻ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ. وﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن ،وذﻛﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ أن ذﻟﻚ إﺷﺎر ًة ،وذﻛﺮ ﻣﺮة أن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺎن وﺣﺪه. وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺪي \" :وﻟﻮرﻗﺎء أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻛﺜﲑة وﻧﺴﺦ ،وﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺰﻧﺎد ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ،وﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ،وﻗـﺪ روى ﲨﻠـﺔ ﻣﺎ رواه أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ ﻏﻠﻂ ﰲ أﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ ،وﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﻪ\". وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ :ﱂ ﳜﺮج ﻟﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎن ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺑﻦ اﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ،وﻫﻮ ﳏﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳉﻤﻴﻊ. ﻗﻠﺖ :وﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻫﺬا ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ،ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ دﻳﻨﺎر ،وﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ أﺣ ٌﺪ ﰲ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ،وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻼزﻣﲔ ﻟﻪ ،ﻓﻬـﻮ ﺛﻘـﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ُﺗ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ﰲ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ. اﻧﻈﺮ َ :ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري( ،(410/4) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌـﲔ )رواﻳـﺔ اﺑـﻦ ﳏـﺮز( ،(82/1) ،واﻟﻀـﻌﻔﺎ َء اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ، ﻟﻠﻌﻘﻴﲇ ،(1449/4) ،واﳉﺮ َح واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(51/9) ،واﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺪي ،(90/7) ،وﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ أﺳﲈء اﻟﺜﻘﺎت ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ) ،ص ،(246واﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴ َﺪ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﻟـﱪ ،(63/19) ،وﺗـﺎرﻳ َﺦ ﺑﻐـﺪاد ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـﺐ اﻟﺒﻐـﺪادي، ) ،(515/13واﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎ َء واﳌﱰوﻛﲔ ،ﻻﺑﻦ اﳉﻮزي ،(182/3) ،وﴍ َح ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي ،ﻻﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ ،(252/2) ،واﻟـﺮوا َة اﻟﺜﻘﺎت اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﲈ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ردﻫﻢ) ،ص ،(182واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎء ،(719/2) ،وﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﳊﻔﺎظ ،(230/1) ،وذﻛﺮ أﺳﲈء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ) ،ص ،(189واﻟﻜﺎﺷـﻒ ،(348 /2) ،وﻣﻴـﺰان اﻻﻋﺘـﺪال ،(121/7) ،ﺳـﺘﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬﻫﺒ َﻲ، وﻫﺪي اﻟﺴﺎري ،(449) ،وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ،(7403) ،ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ. )َ (4ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (33) ،(1506/3) :ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻗـ ْﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ َ ،¹ ¸ ¶ µ :وﻗﻮﻟـﻪ َﺟـ ﱠﻞ ِذ ْﻛـ ُﺮ ُه : =.(7430) ،» º ¹ ¸ 325
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :و ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي ِﰲ اﻟﺰﻛﺎ ِة ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺪ َﻗ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ ْﺴ ٍﺐ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ٍﺐ)َ ،(2و َﻗﺎ َل َو ْر َﻗﺎ ُءَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ دِﻳﻨَﺎ ٍرَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ٍرَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َةَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ).(3 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻴ ْﻴﻨَﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻧﺎ ِدَ ،ﻋ ِﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﺮ ِجَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َةِ ،ﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻗ ِﺪ َم اﻟ ﱡﻄ ِﻔﻴ ُﻞ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْو ِ ﱡﳼ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل :إِ ﱠن َد ْو ًﺳﺎ َﻗ ْﺪ َﻋ َﺼ ْﺖ ...ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗـﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)َ : (4ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َﻋ َﻮا ِت َﻋﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ ا ِﷲَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ َن ﺑﻪ).(6)(5 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ ُ :ﻳ َﺰا ُد َﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ِﻒ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َأ ِﰊ ُﻧ َﻌ ْﻴ ٍﻢ ِﰲ ا َﳌ َﻐﺎ ِزي ِﰲ ِﻗ ﱠﺼ ِﺔ َد ْو ٍسَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻧ َﻌ ْﻴ ٍﻢَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎ ُنَ ،ﻋﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ)َ (7ذ ْﻛ َﻮا َن َﻋﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﺮ ِجَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َةَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺟـﺎ َء اﻟ ﱡﻄ ِﻔﻴـ ُﻞ ْﺑـ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو إِ َﱃ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل :إِ ﱠن َد ْو ًﺳﺎ ،...ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)َ ،(8و َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُه اﳌﺼﻨﻒ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺘَﺒَ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﺮ ِجَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳـ َﺮ َة ِﰲ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ :ا ْﺳـ َﺘ ﱠﺐ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ َو َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻴ ُﻬﻮ ِدَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ا ُﳌ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻢ َ :وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ا ْﺻﻄَ ِﻔﻲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ًﺪا َﻋ َﲆ اﻟْ َﻌﺎﳌَِ َﲔ ...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِـ ﱢﺰ ﱡي): (9 َر َوا ُه اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻮ ِﺣﻴ ِﺪ) ،(10واﻟ ﱢﺮ َﻗﺎ ِق)َ (11ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻗ َﺰ َﻋ ِﺔ ،و َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳ ِﺰ) (12ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲِ ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎَ ،ﻋﻦ إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ ﺳﻌﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ واﻷﻋﺮج ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ)َ (13ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة )(14ﺑﻪ . = ) (1ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(75 /10) ، ) (2ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻃﻴﺐ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )َ (3ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (7) ،(284/1) :ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺼ ْﺪﻗ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ ْﺴ ٍﺐ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ٍﺐ؛ ﻟِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ،^ ]\\ [ZYXW :إِ َﱃ َﻗ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ .(1410) ،s r q p o n : )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (59) ،(1308/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻋﺎ ِء ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْ ِﴩﻛِ َﲔ.(6397) ، ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(170 /10) ، )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"أﰊ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي .(4392/898/2) : )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )َ (10ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (31) ،(1516/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب ِﰲ ا َﳌ ِﺸﻴ َﺌ ِﺔ َوا ِﻹ َرا َد ِة.(7472) ، )َ (11ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (43) ،(1330/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب َﻧ ْﻔ ِﺦ اﻟ ﱡﺼﻮ ِر.(6517) ، ) (12ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ِﰲ )ب( َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻛﻼ َﻣﺎ َﻏ ْﲑ واﺿﺢ ﻳﻘﺪر ﺑﺜﻼث ﻛﻠ َﲈت. ) (13ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻋﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ واﻷﻋﺮج ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (14ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(216 /10) ، 326
َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ :و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ /60ب اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ َﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴـﻰ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗ َﺰ َﻋـ ِﺔَ ،ﻋـ ْﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺳـ ْﻌ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ﱢيَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ أﰊ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ،واﻷﻋﺮ ِج ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ َﻋـ ْﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳـ َﺮ َة ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ِﺔ َﻣـﺎ ُﻳـ ْﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ ِﰲ ا ِﻹ ْﺷـ َﺨﺎ ِص َوا ُﳋ ُﺼﻮ َﻣ ِﺔ َﺑ ْ َﲔ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻢ َواﻟ َﻴ ُﻬﻮ ِد).(1 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ذﺋﺐ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّي)َ ،(2ﻋ ْﻦ أﰊ َﺳـ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ أﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ،وﻗﺪ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي)ِ (3ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ ﺛﻼﺛ َﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺚ).(4 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﺗﺮ َك اﳌُ َﺼﻨﱢ ُﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﱰﲨ ِﺔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ َ \" :ﻣـ ْﻦ َأ ْد َر َك ِﻣـ ْﻦ ا ُْﳉ ُﻤ َﻌـ ِﺔ َر ْﻛ َﻌـ ًﺔ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ِﺼـ ْﻞ إِ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻬـﺎ ُأ ْﺧ َﺮى\" ،وﻗﺪ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ِﰲ أﺑﻮا ِب ا ُﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻋ ْﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ﱠﺒﺎ ِح)َ ،(5ﻋﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﺒِﻴ ٍﺐ)َ ،(6ﻋـﻦ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ )َ (1ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي (44) ،(486/1) :ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ُﳋ ُﺼﻮ َﻣﺎ ِت.(2411) ، ) (2ﺣﺮف اﳍﺎء ﻛﺮر ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ )أ( ﻣﺮﺗﲔ. )ِ (3ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺰﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (4ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(46 /11) ، ) (5ا َﳉ ْﺮ َﺟ َﺮاﺋ ّﻲ. َو ﱠﺛ َﻘﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(103 /9) ، و َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﻣﺮة \" :ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺄس\"َ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ \" :ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱡﻲ \" :ﻟﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٌﺚ ﻣﻨﻜ ٌﺮ\" ،و َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ذﻛﺮه ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﻟ ﱡﺪو ِر ّي :وﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﳛﻴﻰ ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼـﺒﺎح َﻫـ َﺬا ﺑﺴﻮء. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ َﺻ ُﺪوق. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري( ،(385 /4) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ ﳏﺮز( ،(84 /1) ،وا َْﳉ ْﺮ َح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳﻞ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ،(289 /7) ،و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ َﺪادي ،(367 /5) ،واﳌﻐﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲَ ،(319/2) ،و َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻬ ِﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(5965) ، ) (6اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ ،اﻟﻌﺪوي ،اﻟﺒﴫي. ﻛﺎن إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴ ُﻞ ﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻠ ﱠﻴﺔ ﻳﺜﻨﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ،وﻳﻘﻮل :اﻛﺘﺒﻮا ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻓﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ُ :ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺑﴚء َﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻮي ﻓﻠ ًﺴﺎ. َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎت.(172 /7) ، وﻗﺎل ا َﳍ ْﻴ َﺜ ِﻤ ّﻲ :ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻼم َﻛﺜِﲑ وﻗﺪ وﺛﻖ. و َﺣ ﱠﺴ َﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺜﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ِﺪ ّي ،وﻗﺎل \" :وﻣﻊ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ\". و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱡي \" :ﻻ َﺑ ْﺄ َس ﺑِ ِﻪ\"َ ،و َﻗﺎ َل َﻣ ﱠﺮة \" :ﻳﺘﻜ ﱠﻠﻤﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ\"=. 327
ِذ ْﺋ ٍﺐَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ َو َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺴ ﱢﻴ ِﺐَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة)َ ،(1و َﱂْ َﻳـ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﺮ ُه اﳌﺼـﻨﻒ ﻫﻨـﺎَ ،و َذ َﻛـ َﺮه ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ذﺋﺐَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْﻫ ِﺮ ّيَ ،ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ،و َﱂْ ُﻳﻨَ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ ﻫﻨﺎك َﻋ َﲆ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ أﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ وﺳﻌﻴﺪ).(2 َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨ ِﺔ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ٍم اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﺳ َﺘ َﻮاﺋِ ﱢﻲَ ،ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻛﺜِﲑَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة، ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ :ﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ َﲈ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲆ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺸﺎ َءَ ،ﻗﺎ َل َ \" :ﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ اﷲُ ﳌَِـ ْﻦ َﲪِـ َﺪ ُه\"َ ،و َﻗـﺎ َل \" :اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬـ ﱠﻢ َﻧـ ﱢﺞ = َو َو ﱠ َﳘ ُﻪ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﺟﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘﺎتَ ،و َزا َد \" :وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﻋﻨﻪ أﺧﺬ ﻓﺄﻇﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻛـﻮه ﳌﻮﺿـﻊ اﻟـﺮأي ،ﻛـﺎن َﺻ ُﺪو ًﻗﺎ ،وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﺎن ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ﻣﺮة :ﻛﺎن َﺷ ْﻴﺨﺎ ﺻﺎ ًﳊﺎ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ. وﻧﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ اﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﺮة. و َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟِ ِﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ﱡﲇ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل \" :ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﴚء\". َو َﻗﺎ َل َأ ْ َﲪ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ :ﻗﺪم ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ وﱂ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ وﻻ ﺣﺮ ًﻓﺎَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ اﻷﺛﺮم :وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﺨ ﱞﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺟ ًﺪا. وﱂ ُﻳ َﻘ ﱢﻮ ِه َأ ُﺑﻮ ُز ْر َﻋﺔ ،و ﱠﴏ َح اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﺴﻮء ﺣﻔﻈﻪ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن :ﻛﺎ َن ﳑﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﺮ ُد ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻠﻮﺑﺎ ِت ﻋﻦ اﻷﺛﺒﺎ ِت ﺣﺘﻰ إذا ﺳﻤﻌﻬﺎ اﳌﺒﺘﺪئ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺷﻬﺪ أﳖﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﺔ ،ﻻ ﳚﻮز اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﺠﺎج ﺑﻪ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺮة \" :ﻳﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻠﻮﺑﺎت ﻻ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺜ ِﻪ\". َو َﺿ ﱠﻌ َﻔ ُﻪ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻛﺎن ﻳ ْﻜ ِﺬ ُب\" ،واﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡيَ ،و َزا َد \" :ﻻ ُﻳ ْﻜ َﺘ ُﺐ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺜﻪ\" ،واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ،واﺑ ُﻦ َﻃﺎ ِﻫﺮ اﳌَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ﱡﳼ ،واﳍﻴﺜﻤ ﱡﻲ ﺟـﺪا، واﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺒﻮﺻﲑي \" :ﻣﺘﻔ ٌﻖ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ\". َو َﻗﺎ َل اﳍﻴﺜﻤ ﱡﻲ َ \" :ﻣ ْ ُﱰو ٌك\" ،وﻛﺬا اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ. ﻗﻠﺖ :ﻫﻮ َﺿ ِﻌﻴ ٌﻒ ﻻ َر ْﻳﺐ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َ :ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري( ،(134 /4) ،واﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ،ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎري ،(148 /6) ،وﻣﻦ ﻛﻼم َأ ِﰊ زﻛﺮﻳـﺎ ﳛﻴـﻰ ْﺑـﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ِﰲ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل )رواﻳﺔ اﺑـﻦ ﻃﻬـ َﲈن() ،ص ،(58وﻣﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘـﺎت ،ﻟﻠﻌﺠـﲇ ،(164 /2) ،و ُﺳـ َﺆا َﻻ ِت اﻟﱪذﻋـﻲَ ،ﻷ ِﰊ ُز ْر َﻋـﺔ، ) ،(385 /1واﳌَْ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ َﺔ َواﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦ ،ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮب ﺑ ِﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴﺎن اﻟ َﻔ َﺴ ِﻮ ّي ،(435 /1) ،واﻟ ِﻌ َﻠ َﻞ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ ،ﻟﻠﱰﻣـﺬي ،(920/2) ،واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َوا َﳌ ْ ُﱰو ِﻛﲔ ،ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ) ،ص ،(223واﻟ ِﻌ َﻠ َﻞ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ ،(262 /3) ،واﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء اﻟ َﻜﺒِـﲑ ،ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ِﻘـ ْﻴِ ّﲇ ،(898/3) ،واﳌﺠـﺮوﺣﲔ، ) ،(89 /2وﻣﺸﺎﻫ َﲑ ﻋﻠ َﲈء اﻷﻣﺼﺎر) ،ص ،(192ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒﺎن ،واﻟﻜﺎﻣ َﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻀـ َﻌ َﻔﺎء ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻋـﺪي ،(39 /5) ،و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد ،ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻐـ َﺪادي ،(196 /11) ،وذﺧـﲑ َة اﳊﻔـﺎظ ،(717/2) ،وﻣﻌﺮﻓـ َﺔ اﻟﺘـﺬﻛﺮة) ،ص ،(62ﻛﻼﳘـﺎ ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻃـﺎ ِﻫﺮ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ ،واﻟ ﱡﻀ َﻌ َﻔﺎ َء َواﳌَ ْ ُﱰو ِﻛﲔ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي ،(206 /2) ،وﻣﺼﺒﺎ َح اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟـﺔ ،ﻟﻠﺒﻮﺻـﲑي ،(373/1) ،وﺗﻨﻘـﻴ َﺢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ، ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﳍﺎدي ،(575 /2) ،واﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴ َﺺ اﳊﺒﲑ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ،(106/2) ،و َ ْﳎ َﻤ َﻊ اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ ،ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺜﻤﻲ.(301/3) ، )ُ (1ﺳ َﻨ ُﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ) :ص (5) ،(201ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب إِ َﻗﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼةَ ،واﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎَ (91) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﻣﺎ َﺟـﺎ َء ﻓِـﻴ َﻤ ْﻦ َأ ْد َر َك ِﻣـ َﻦ ا ُْﳉ ُﻤ َﻌـ ِﺔ َر ْﻛ َﻌـ ًﺔ، ).(1121 ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ :إﺳﻨﺎده ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﲆ ﴍط اﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ،وﻗﺪ أﺧﺮﺟﺎه. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻨﻦ أﰊ داود.(284/4) ، ) (2ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(45/10) ، 328
َﻋ ﱠﻴﺎ َش ْﺑ َﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َرﺑِﻴ َﻌ َﺔ \"...ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ِذ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓ َﻀﺎ َﻟ َﺔَ ،ﻋ ْﻦ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ٍم ،ﺑﻪ)،(1 ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل َ :ﻗﺎ َل أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي :ﱂ أﺟﺪه ،وﻻ ذﻛﺮه أﺑﻮ) (2ﻣﺴﻌﻮد).(4)(3 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َ :ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﱂ ﳚﺪه ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﲑَ ،ﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺢ، وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮا ِت َﻋﻦ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ِذ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓ َﻀﺎ َﻟ َﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ٍمَ ،ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻛﺜِﲑَ ،ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳـ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔَ ،ﻋـﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َةَ ،أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ)َ (5ﻛﺎ َن إِ َذا َﻗﺎ َل َﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ اﷲُ َﳌِ ْﻦ َﲪِـ َﺪ ُه ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻛ َﻌـ ِﺔ ا ْﻵ ِﺧـ َﺮ ِة ِﻣـ ْﻦ َﺻـ َﻼة اﻟْ ِﻌ َﺸـﺎ ِء َﻗﻨَ َﺖ\" ،اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ َأ ْﻧ ِﺞ ،\"...ﻓﺬﻛﺮه إِ َﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َ \" :ﻛ ِﺴﻨِﻲ)ُ (6ﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒ\") ،(7وﻓﺎت َذ ِﻟ َﻚ اﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ُﺑ َﺸ ْ ِﲑ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎر)َ (8ﻋ ْﻦ ِر َﺟﺎ ٍل ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِـ ﱢﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ أﳖﻢ َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا َ :ر ﱠﺧ َﺺ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺮا َﻳﺎ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﺮ ِﺻ َﻬﺎَ ،ﻗﺎ َل اﳌِ ﱢﺰ ﱡي َ :ر َوا ُه اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻮع َﻋﻦ ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒﺔَ ،ﻋﻦ َﻟ ْﻴ ٍﺚَ ،ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ ُﺑ َﺸ ْ ِﲑ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ٍرَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ)،(9 ﻓﺬﻛﺮه).(10 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ :ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠ ْﻢ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ اﻷﻃﺮا ِف ﳌُ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ،وﻗﺪ َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ا َﳌ ْﺬ ُﻛﻮ ِر ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِعَ ،ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :ﺣـ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪ)َ ،(11ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛ َﻨﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ ٌﺚ) (12ح و َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ)ُ (13ر ْﻣ ٍﺢ)َ ،(14ﻗﺎ َل َ :أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺚَ ،ﻋﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪَ ،ﻋﻦ ) (1ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"اﺑﻦ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (3ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﺴﻌﻮد\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔِ ،ﰲ )أ( و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (4ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْ َﻷ ْ َﴍا ِف.(81 /11) ، ) (5ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"وﺳﻠﻢ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔِ ،ﰲ )أ( ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (6اﺗﺼﻞ ﲠﺎ ﺣﺮ ِﰲ اﻟﺒﺎء واﻟﻨﻮن ِﰲ )ب( ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺳﻨﻲ\" ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،وﺑﻘﻲ َﻫ َﺬان اﳊﺮﻓﺎن. )َ (7ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ (59) ،(1307/3) :ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻋﺎ ِء ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْ ِﴩ ِﻛ َﲔ ،(6393) ،وﻛـﺬا َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟـ ُﻪ ِﰲ ) (10) ،(161/1ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب اﻷذان.(797) ،(126) ، ) (8اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻘ ُﺔ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ِ :ﺳ َ َﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟﻨﱡ َﺒ َﻼ ِء ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ.(591 /4) ، )ُ (9ﺳﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ ) :صَ (35) ،(694ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺮا َﻳﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱡﺮ َﻃ ِﺐ.(4544) ، ) (10ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ ُ :ﲢ َﻔ َﺔ ا ْﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف.(130 /11) ، ) (11ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َ :ﺣ ﱠﺪ َﺛﻨَﺎ ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ\" ﻣﻜﺮرة ِﰲ )ب(. )ِ (12ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻠﻴﺚ\". )ِ (13ﰲ )ب( \"أﺑﻮ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (14ﻫﻮ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ،أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ،ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ رﻣﺢ ﺑﻦ اﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ،اﻟ ﱡﺘﺠﻴﺒﻲ ،اﳌﴫي .ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ 242ﻫـ. اﻧﻈﺮ :ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ.(5881) ، 329
ُﺑ َﺸ ْ ِﲑ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ٍر)َ ،(1ﻋﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ) ،(2أﳖﻢ َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا َ :ر ﱠﺧ َﺺ َر ُﺳﻮ ُل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِﺮ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﺮ ِﺻ َﻬﺎ َﲤْ ًﺮاَ ،ﻗﺎ َل ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ :و َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ َﻧﺎ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳌْ َﺜﻨﱠـﻰَ ،وإِ ْﺳـ َﺤﺎق/61أ ْﺑـ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ، َوا ْﺑ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َﲨِﻴ ًﻌﺎَ ،ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻘ ِﻔ ﱢﻲ)َ ،(3ﻗﺎ َل َ :ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َ ْﳛ َﻴﻰ ْﺑ َﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴ ٍﺪَ ،ﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُل َ :أ ْﺧ َ َﱪ ِﲏ ُﺑ َﺸ ْ ُﲑ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ ٍرَ ،ﻋـﻦ َﺑ ْﻌـ ِﺾ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب َر ُﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢِ ،ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ َدا ِرهِ)َ ،(4أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﳖَﻰ ،وﺳـﺎق اﻟﻜـﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ) ،(5و َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﺼﺎﺣ ِﺐ ا ِﻷﻃﺮا ِف أن ُﻳ َﻨ ﱢﺒ َﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ. )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﺴﺎم\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (2ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"وﺳﻠﻢ\" أﺳﻔﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻋﻠﻴﻪ\" ِﰲ )ب( و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (3ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ،ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﺠﻴﺪ اﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ .ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ 194ﻫـ. ﺛﻘﺔ ،اﺧﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺄﺧﺮة ،وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻼزﻣﲔ ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ،وﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ :ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺘـﺎب ﻋـﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ أﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ،وﻛﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﻛ ﱞﻞ ،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب. اﻧﻈﺮ :اﳌﻌﺮﻓ َﺔ واﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ،ﻟﻠﻔﺴﻮي ،(650/1) ،وﺗﻘﺮﻳ َﺐ اﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ.(4261) ، ) (4ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ )ب(؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ َﻏ ْﲑ واﺿﺢ ،ﻓﻜﺘـﺐ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ \" ِﰲ داره\" ُﺛـ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘـﺐ ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ \"ﺻﺢ\". )َ (5ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ) :صَ (14) ،(624ﺑﺎ ُب ﲢﺮﻳﻢ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱡﺮ َﻃ ِﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻤ ِﺮ إِ ﱠﻻ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺮا َﻳﺎ.(1540/69 ،68) ، 330
َﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ َﻛ َﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪ ِة ُ :أ ُﺻﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ُﺔ أدﻟ ِﺔ إﺛﺒﺎ ِت واﺟ ِﺐ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﻟﺬاﺗِﻪ وﺻﻔﺎﺗِﻪ ،واﻟﻘﻴﺎ ِم ﺑﺤﺠﺘِ ِﻪ وأﻣ ِﺮ اﳌَ َﻌﺎدِ ،وﻣﻦ ﻟﻄﻴ ِﻒ َﻣﺎ َو َﻗ َﻊ ﻟﻪ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﻂ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ \"ا َﳌ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮص واﳌﻨﻘﻮل\" َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ ِﰲ اﻷُ ُﺻـﻮل ِﰲ ﺧﻄﺒ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺳﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ. َﻗﺎ َل َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َ :أ ْﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱠﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺮ َض ِﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﳋﻄﺒـ ِﺔ ﻷﻣـﻮ ٍر ﺗﺘﻌﻠـ ُﻖ ﺑ ُﺄ ُﺻـﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻓﻴﺬﻛ ُﺮ َذﻟِ َﻚ ،ﻓﺒﺪ َأ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺑﺄ ﱠو ِل ُﺳﻮ َرة اﻷَﻧ َﻌﺎ ِم)َ (1ﳌﺎ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺪﻻﻟ ِﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ِﺣ َﺪ ِث اﻟ َﻌﺎ َﱂِ ،وﻫﻲ أو ُل ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ِﻞ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ َ ْﲨ ٍﻊ ﻣﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱢ ِﻔﲔ ،وﻓِﻴﻬﺎ إﺛﺒﺎ ُت ا َﳋﺎﻟِ ِﻖ واﺟﺐ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ،وﻗﺪﻣﻪ ُﺛـ ﱠﻢ أردف َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﷲ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻻ ﻳﺆدى ﺷﻜﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ إﻻ ﺑﻨﻌﻤ ٍﺔ ﺣﺎدﺛـ ٍﺔ ُﺗﻮ ِﺟـ ُﺐ َﻋـ َﲆ ﻣـﺆ ﱢدي ﺷـﻜﺮ َﻣﺎﴈ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﺑﺄداﺋِ َﻬﺎ :ﻧﻌﻤ ًﺔ ﺣﺎدﺛ ًﺔ ﳚﺐ )(2ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﺮه ﲠﺎ) ،(3ﻓ ِﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ٌﺔ راﺑﻌ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ،وﻫﻲ أن اﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌﺎل ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻖ اﷲِ ﻻ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻖ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ ،وﺑﻴﺎن َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل :إ ﱠن ُﺷ ْﻜ َﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﻌﻤ ِﺔ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﷲ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي وﻓﻘﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﻜﺮ ،و َﻫ َﺬا واﺿﺢ. وﻗﻮﻟﻪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ :وﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻮاﺻﻔﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ،ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ٌﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ِﻞ ُأ ُﺻـﻮل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ وﻫﻲ أن ﻛﻨﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﴩ أم ﻻ؟ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﻬﻮر اﳌﺤﻘﻘﲔ اﳌﻨﻊ ،ﻛـ َﲈ ُﻫـ َﻮ ﴏﻳـﺢ ﻛﻼم اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ. َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ِ :ﰲ ﻣﻨﻬ ِﺞ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ و ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر ﺧﻼ ًﻓﺎ ﻟ َﻜﺜِﲑ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ ،واﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮون اﺧﺘﺎروا َﻣـﺎ اﻗﺘﻀﺎه ﻛﻼم اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أن اﳌ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ َم ﻟﻨـﺎ َﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲ إﻻ اﻟﻮﺟـﻮد واﻟﺼـﻔﺎت اﻹﺿـﺎﻓِﻴﺔ، واﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ،واﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﲠﺬه اﻷﻣﻮر َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑ ُﻜ ْﻨ ِﻪ اﳊﻘﻴﻘـ ِﺔ ﻓﻮﺟـ َﺐ أن ﻻ ﳛﺼـ َﻞ اﻟﻌﻠـ ُﻢ ﺑﻜﻨـﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـ ِﺔ اﻟﺬا ِت اﳌُ َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳﺔ ،و ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ \" :وﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻮاﺻﻔﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ\")َ (4ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﲔ َﻏ ْﲑ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ِﻞ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻣﻦ ) (1اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺳﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ) ،ص.(7 ) (2ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻦ\" ﻓﻮق ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﳚﺐ\" ،وﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ) ،ص\" : (8ﻋﲆ\" وﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﻮاب. ) (3اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺳﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ) ،ص.(8 ) (4اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺳﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ) ،ص.(8 331
َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﻘﺎل َ :ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺠﻮﻫ ٍﺮ وﻻ َﻋ َﺮ ٍض وﻻ ِﺟ ْﺴ ٍﻢ ،وإﻧـﻪ َﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ ﻣ َﻜـﺎ ٍن وﻻ ِﰲ ﺟﻬـ ٍﺔ ،وإﻧـﻪ ﻻ ﳛـ ﱡﻞ ِﰲ ﳾ ٍء ﻣـﻦ اﳊﺎدﺛﺎ ِت ،وﻻ ﳛ ﱡﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﳾ ٍء ﻣﻦ اﳊﻮاد ِث ،وﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻫﺬه ِﺻ َﻔﺎت ُﺳ ُﻠﻮب).(1 و ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ :و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻛ َﲈ وﺻ َﻒ ﻧﻔ َﺴﻪ ،ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ِﰲ ﻛِﺘَﺎﺑِ ِﻪ َأ ْو َﻋ َﲆ ﻟﺴﺎ ِن َﻧﺒِ ﱢﻴ ِﻪ ،ﻓ ِﻔﻲ َذﻟِ َﻚ إﺛﺒﺎ ُت اﻟﺼـﻔﺎ ِت) (2اﻟﺜ َﲈﻧﻴـﺔ، وﻫﻲ /61 :ب اﳊﻴﺎة ،واﻟﻌﻠﻢ ،واﻟﻘﺪرة ،واﻹرادة ،واﻟﺴ َﲈع ،واﻹﺑﺼﺎر ،واﻟﺒﻘﺎء ،واﻟﻜﻼم. ﻓﺈن َﻗﺎ َل ﻗﺎﺋ ٌﻞ :ﻫﻞ ﻳﻮﺟ ُﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ،و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻛـ َﲈ وﺻـ َﻒ ﻧﻔ َﺴـﻪ إ ﱠن أﺳـ َﲈ َء ا ِﷲ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ﺗﻮﻗﻴ ِﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ إﻻ َﻣﺎ ﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ ِﻛﺘَﺎﺑِ ِﻪ َأ ْو َﺻ ﱠﺢ َﻋـﻦ َﻧﺒِ ﱢﻴـ ِﻪ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،وﻟـﻮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـ ِﻖ اﻵﺣـﺎد ،ﻛـ َﲈ َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺤ ُﻪ ﲨ ٌﻊ ﻣﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑِ ِﻪ؟ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ:ﻗﺪأرد َف َذ ِﻟ َﻚﺑﻘﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ:وﻓﻮق َﻣﺎﻳﺼﻔﻪاﻟﻮاﺻﻔﻮنﻣﻦﺧﻠﻘﻪ)َ ،(3و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲآﺧ ِﺮﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ :ﻓﻨﺴﺄ ُل اﷲَ اﳌﺒﺘـﺪ َئ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﻌ ِﻤﻪ ﻗﺒ ِﻞ اﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗِﻬﺎ ،اﳌﺪﻳ َﻤﻬﺎ) (4ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺼ ِﲑﻧﺎ ِﰲ اﻹﺗﻴﺎ ِن ﺑ َﲈ أوﺟ َﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜ ِﺮه) ،(5و َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋـ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ﻻﻳﺸﱰ ُط ِﰲﻧﺤﻮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚاﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴ ُﻒ،و ُﻫ َﻮأﺣ ُﺪاﳌﺬاﻫ ِﺐاﳌﻌﺮوﻓ ِﺔ)،(6وﻻ ِﺧ َﻼف َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮ ُز إﻃﻼ ُق َﻣﺎ أوﻫ َﻢ ﻧﻘ ًﺼﺎ. َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﳌﻨﺼﻮ ِص واﳌﻨﻘﻮ ِل :وﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ِﻞ)ُ (7أ ُﺻـﻮ ِل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺗﻔﺴـ ُﲑ اﻹﻳـ َﲈ ِن اﻟ ﱠﴩـﻋﻲ ،روى اﻟﺮﺑﻴـﻊ َﻋـﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل :اﻹﻳ َﲈن ﻗﻮل وﻋﻤﻞ ،وﻳﺰﻳﺪ وﻳﻨﻘﺺ ،و َﻫ َﺬا َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ) (8اﻟ ﱠﺴﻠﻒُ ،ﺛ ﱠﻢ أﺧﺮ َج اﻷﺣﺎدﻳـ َﺚ اﻟﺪاﻟـ َﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚَ ،ﻗﺎ َل :وﻣﻨﻬﺎ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ اﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ)\" (9ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ َن ُﺑﻨِ َﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َ ْﲬـ ٍﺲ َ :ﺗ ْﻌﺒُـ َﺪ ا َﷲَ ،و ُﺗ ِﻘـﻴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼةَ ،و ُﺗـ ْﺆ ِﰐ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛـﺎ َةَ ،و َ ُﲢـ ﱡﺞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﺖَ ،و َﺗ ُﺼﻮ ُم َر َﻣ َﻀﺎ َن\"َ ،أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ أﰊ َﺷﻴْﺒَﺔ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻋﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ) ،(10واﳌُ َﺨـ ﱠﺮ ُج ِﰲ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤ ِﲔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ \" ُﺑﻨِ َﻲ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َﻋ َﲆ َ ْﲬ ٍﺲ\")ُ ،(11ﺛ ﱠﻢ َذ َﻛ َﺮ أ ﱠن اﻹﻳ َﲈ َن إذا ُذﻛِ َﺮ ﻣﻔﺮ ًدا ا ْﺳـﺘُ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻏﺎﻟ ًﺒـﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﻌﻨﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣ ِﻞ) (12ﻟﻠﻘﻮ ِل واﻟﻌﻤ ِﻞ واﻟﻨﱢﻴﱠ ِﺔ ،وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ) (13ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم) (1وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ. )ِ (1ﰲ )أ( \"ﺳﻠﻮت\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت\". ) (3اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺳﺎ َﻟﺔ) ،ص.(8 )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺪﻳﻤﺔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (5اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺳﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ) ،ص.(19 ) (6ﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ أﰊ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻷﺷﻌﺮي. اﻧﻈﺮ :اﳌﻘﺼﺪ اﻷﺳﻨﻰ ،ﻟﻠﻐﺰاﱄ) ،ص .(173 )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (8ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"أن\". )ُ (10ﻣ َﺼﻨﱠ ُﻒ اﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ،(19912/ 369 /10) :وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ رﻗﻢ.(30947 ): )َ (11ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِ (2) ،(7/1) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِنَ (2) ،ﺑﺎ ٌب ُد َﻋﺎ ُؤ ُﻛ ْﻢ إِﻳ َﲈ ُﻧ ُﻜ ْﻢ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟِﻪ َﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َﺟـ ﱠﻞ º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ ´ : »¼ َ ،و َﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ اﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻋﺎ ِء ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ُن ،(8) ،وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ).(4514 )ِ (12ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﺜﺎﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (13ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ\" \"ﻛﺬ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻟﻚ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ=. 332
وﻗﺪ ُﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤ ُﻞ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ُن ِﰲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳ ِﻖ اﳋﺎ ﱢص ،ﻓﺈذا ُذﻛ َﺮ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ُم ﻓﴪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻋ َﲈ ِل اﻟ ﱠﻈـﺎﻫﺮة ،وإذا ُذ ِﻛـ َﺮ اﻹﺣﺴﺎن ﻓﴪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎد ِة) ،(2ﻣﻊ ا ِﳊ ْﺴﺒَ ِﺔ واﳌُ َﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ،وﻗﺪ ُﻳﻄﻠ ُﻖ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ اﻷﻋ َﲈ ِل أﳖﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن ،وﻋـﲆ ﺑﻌـﺾ أﳖـﺎ ﻣﻦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم. َﻗﺎ َل)َ (3ﺷ ْﻴﺨ َﻨﺎ :وﻻ ﻳﺮ ﱡد َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻠ ِﻒ ،وﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲِ ،ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻹﻳ َﲈن أن ﻳ َﻘـﺎ َل :إذا َﻛـﺎ َن اﻹﻳ َﲈن اﺳ ًﲈ ﳌﺠﻤﻮع َﻣﺎ ُذﻛِ َﺮ ﻓِﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻳﺰو َل اﻻﺳ ُﻢ ﺑـﺰوال ﺑﻌﻀـﻪ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧـﺎ ﻧﻘـﻮ ُل) (4اﻟ ﱠﺰاﺋـﻞ إ ﱠﻣـﺎ أن َﻳ ُﻜـﻮ َن ﻣﻌﺘـ ًﱪا ِﰲ ﺗ َﺼ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻹﻳ َﲈنَ ،أ ْو ِﰲ واﺟﺒﺎﺗِﻪ َأ ْو ِﰲ ﺷﻌﺎﺋِ ِﺮه) ،(5وإن ﱂ ﺗﻜ ْﻦ واﺟﺒ ًﺔَ ،أ ْو ِﰲ زﻳﺎداﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﺎ ِت اﻟﺘﻲ) (6ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷـﻌﺎﺋﺮ، ﻓﺈن َﻛﺎ َن اﻷو َل زا َل أﺻ ُﻞ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن ،و ُأﻃﻠ َﻖ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤ ُﺪ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﻜﻔ ُﺮ. َو ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ) (7اﻟﻨﻄ ُﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎدﺗﲔ إذا َﺗ َﺮ َﻛﻪ ﻣ َﻊ ا ِﻹﻣﻜﺎ ِن ،وإن َﻛﺎ َن اﻟﺜـﺎﲏ زا َل ﻛـ َﲈ ُل اﻹﻳـ َﲈن/62 ،أ و ُﻳﻄﻠـ ُﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﺆﻣ ٌﻦ ﻧﺎﻗ ُﺺ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن ،وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُﳛﻤ ُﻞ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ \" :ﻻَ َﻳ ْﺰ ِﲏ اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﲏ ِﺣ َﲔ َﻳ ْﺰ ِﲏ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ُﻣ ْﺆ ِﻣ ٌﻦ\") ،(8وﻧﺤﻮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ و ُﻳﻄﻠـ ُﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺳ ٌﻖ ،وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺎﻓ ٍﺮ ،وﻻ ﳜﻠ ُﺪ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﺎ ِر ،وإن َﻛﺎ َن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ زا َل ﻛ َﲈ ُل اﻹﻳ َﲈن ﻟَ ِﻜﻦ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ دم ،و ُﻳﻄﻠ ُﻖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣﺆﻣ ٌﻦ ﻧﺎﻗ ُﺺ اﻹﻳ َﲈن ،وﻻ ُﻳﻄﻠ ُﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎ ِﺳﻖ. وإن َﻛﺎ َن اﻟﺮاﺑ َﻊ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰو ُل ﳾ ٌء ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن ،وﻻ ﳛﺼ ُﻞ د ٌم وﻻ ﻓﺴ ٌﻖَ ،ﻏـ ْﲑ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼـ ُﻞ إِ َﱃ رﺗﺒـ ِﺔ ﻣـﻦ زا َد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ا َﳋ ْ َﲑا ِت).(9 = ) (1ﻋﺒﺎرة \"وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ،وﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻳ َﲈن ِﰲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ اﳋﺎص ،ﻓﺈذا َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (2ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎدة\" \"ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"دة\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (3ﻣ َﻜﺎ َن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(. ) (4ﻣ َﻜﺎ َن ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻷﻧﺎ ﻧﻘﻮل\" ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"ﺷﻌﺎﺋﺮ\". ) (6ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟﺘﻲ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (7ﻣ َﻜﺎ َن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َذﻟِ َﻚ\" وﻧﻮن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻦ\" ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(. )َ (8ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِ (46) ،(502/1) :ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا َﳌ َﻈﺎ ِﱂَِ (30) ،ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْﻬ َﺒﻰ ﺑِ َﻐ ْ ِﲑ إِ ْذ ِن َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺒ ِﻪَ ،و َﻗﺎ َل ُﻋ َﺒﺎ َد ُة َﺑﺎ َﻳ َﻌﻨﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َأ ْن َﻻ َﻧ ْﻨ َﺘ ِﻬ َﺐِ ،(2475) ،ﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ٍبَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦَ ،ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ،وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ا ْﻷَ ْر َﻗﺎم ،(6810 ،6772 ،5578) :ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ وﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق أﺧﺮى َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ. َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ ) :صِ (1) ،(55ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈنَ ،(24) ،ﺑﺎ ُب َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼﺎ ِن ا ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن ﺑِﺎ َﳌ َﻌﺎ ِﴅ َو َﻧ ْﻔ ِﻴ ِﻪ َﻋـﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻠـ ﱢﺒ ِﺲ ﺑِﺎ َْﳌ ْﻌ ِﺼـ َﻴ ِﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ إِ َرا َد ِة َﻧ ِﻔﻲ َﻛ َﲈ ِﻟ ِﻪ ،(57/105-100 ،57/101) ،ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ وﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق أﺧﺮى َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ. )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"اﳉﻮاب\" ﺧﻄﺄ. 333
وﻧﻈ َﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ : أﺣﺪﻫﺎ :اﻟﺸﺠﺮة ،إذا زا َل أﺻ ُﻠﻬﺎ زاﻟﺖ ،وإن زاﻟﺖ) (1أﻏﺼﺎ ُﳖﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰو ُل إﻃﻼ ُق اﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة. اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :اﻹﻧﺴﺎنَ ،ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮ ُم ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ) ،(2و َﻣﺎ)ُ (3ﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻟﺬاﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ) (4ورﺟﻠﻴﻪ ،وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ. اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ) : (5اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة واﳊﺞ ،وﻧﺤﻮ َﳘﺎ ،اﻻﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮع ،وﻣﻦ رﻛﻦ ،وﻣـﻦ واﺟـﺐ ِﰲ اﳊـﺞ ،وﻣﻨـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺾ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة ﺑﺨﱪ ،ﺑﺴﺠﻮد اﻟﺴﻬﻮ ،وﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻄﻮع ﻻ ﳛﺘﺎج إِ َﱃ اﳋﲑ. واﺧﺘﺎ َر ِﰲ ﺟﻮاب اﻟﺴﺆا ِل َﻋﻦ اﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن أن ﻳﻘﻮ َل :أﻧﺎ ﻣﺆﻣ ٌﻦ إن ﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ ،ﺧﻼ ًﻓﺎ َﳌـﺎ اﺧﺘـﺎره اﻟ ﱠﻨـ َﻮ ِو ّي ِﰲ َ ْﴍح ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ،وﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻘﻘﲔ).(6 َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨ َﻨﺎ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ :إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻣـ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴـ َﻠ ِﻒ ،وﻧ َﺴـ َﺒ ُﻪ اﻹ َﻣـﺎ ُم ﻓﺨـ ُﺮ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗـ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ)َ ،(7ﻗﺎ َل) (9)(8وﻟﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺸﺒﻪ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻓِﻴﻪ وﺟﻮه : أﺣﺪﻫﺎ :أ ﱠن اﳌﺆﻣ َﻦ َﻋ َﲆ اﳊﻘﻴﻘ ِﺔ ،ﻣﻦ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ أﻫ ِﻞ اﳉﻨﺔ ،وإ ﱠﻧ َﲈ َﻳ ُﻜﻮ ُن َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳌـﻦ َﻣـﺎ َت َﻋـ َﲆ اﻹﻳـ َﲈ ِن اﻟﱠـ ِﺬي ﳛﺼ ُﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎة ،واﻟ َﻮا ِﺣ ُﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ﻣﻌﺼﻮم ،وﻻ ﻳﺪري َﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻜﻮ ُن ﻣﻨﻪ ،وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻌﻠ ُﻢ َذﻟِ َﻚ ُﻫ َﻮ اﷲ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ،ﻓـﺈذا َﻗـﺎ َل : أﻧﺎ ﻣﺆﻣ ٌﻦ إن ﺷﺎ َء) (10اﷲُ ،ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ أﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻤ ﱞﺮ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ )(11أﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ إن ﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ ،و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻓِﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إِ َﱃ اﳋﺎﲤﺔ. اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ َ :أ ْو اﻟ ﱢﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﲣﺘﻠ ُﻒ رﺗﺒﺘﻬﺎ) ،(12وﳍﺎ رﺗﺒ ُﺔ ﻛ َﲈ ٍل ﻳﺘﴫف اﻟﻮﺻﻒ َﻋﻦ اﻹﻃﻼق)ِ (13ﰲ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟﺮﺗﺒ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻠ ِﺔ ،ﻓ َﻴ ُﻜﻮن دﺧﻮ ُل اﳌﺸﻴﺌ ِﺔ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻟﻠ َﺨ ْﻮ ِف) (14ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻘ َﺼﺎن. )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"زال\". )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﺤﻴﺎﺗﻪ\" ،دون ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻪ\". ) (3ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻣﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (4ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى َﻏ ْﲑ واﺿﺤﺔ ِﰲ )ب( ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ \"ﺑﻴﺎن ﻳﺪﻳﻪ\". ) (5ﻋﺒﺎرة \"وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ ،اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ\" ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(. ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﴍ َح اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ.(150 /1) ، ) (7ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ) :ص.(147 ) (8ﻋﺒﺎرة \"أﻧﻪ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ،وﻧﺴﺒﻪ اﻹ َﻣﺎم ﻓﺨﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪَ ،ﻗﺎ َل\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. ) (9ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ )ب( \"اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ\". )ِ (10ﰲ )أ( \"إﻧﺸﺎء\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (11ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻋﲆ َﻣﺎ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (12ﰲ )ب( \"رﺗﺒﺘﻬ َﲈ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (13ﰲ )أ( \"اﻹﻃﻠﻖ\" ﺧﻄﺄ ،وﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﳋﻂ \"اﻹﻃﻼق\". )ِ (14ﰲ )أ( \"ﻟﻠﺨﻮ ِﰲ\". 334
اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :أ ﱠن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻔ َﺔ ﺻﻔ ُﺔ ﻣﺪ ٍح وﺗﺰﻛﻴ ٍﺔ ،وﻗﺪ َﻗـﺎ َل َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ° ¯®¬«ª© : ) ،±اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ،(32 :ﻓﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺸﻴﺌ َﺔ ﺧﻮ ًﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ أن ﻳﻘ َﻊ ِﰲ ﺗﺰﻛﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِﺲ. اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ :أ ﱠن اﻹﻳ َﲈ َن ُﻳﻄﻠ ُﻖ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳ ِﻖ ،وﻋﲆ اﻷﻋ َﲈ ِل ،واﻟﻌﻤ ُﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻌﺘـ ًﱪا ،وﻗـﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻘـﻊ ﻣﻌﺘ ًﱪا ﻓﺘﻜﻮن اﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ راﺟﻌﺔ إِ َﱃ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋ َﲈل. اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ :أن اﳌﺮا َد ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﺘﱪ ُك ﺑﺬﻛ ِﺮ اﷲِ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ،ورﻋﺎﻳ ُﺔ اﻷدب ،و ِﰲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِـ ِﻪ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ¨ : © ) ،®¬«ªاﻟﻔﺘﺢ ،(27 :إﺷﺎر ٌة إِ َﱃ ﺗﺄدﻳﺒﻨﺎ َﲠ َﺬا اﻷدب ،وإن َﻛﺎ َن َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻣﻘﻄﻮ ًﻋﺎ ﺑـﻪ ،وﻗـﺪ ﺟﺎ َء ﻣﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻗﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢِ ،ﻋﻨْﺪ ﻣﺮو ِره َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻘﺎﺑ ِﺮ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ َ \" :وإِ ﱠﻧﺎ إِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ ﺑِ ُﻜـ ْﻢ َﻻ ِﺣ ُﻘـﻮ َن\"، َر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ) (1ﻣﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ).(2 وﻛ ﱡﻞ أﺣ ٍﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺸ ﱡﻚ ِﰲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻﺣﻖ ،ﻓﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺗﺄد ًﺑﺎ ،ﻓﻬﺬه ﲬﺴﺔ أوﺟﻪ ﻟ ِﺬ ْﻛ ِﺮ اﳌَﺸﻴﺌ ِﺔ ،اﻗﺘﴫـ إ َﻣﺎ ُم اﳊﺮﻣ ِﲔ ِﰲ ا ِﻹ ْر َﺷﺎ ِد /62ب َﻋ َﲆ ﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)ُ ،(3ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻫﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋ َﲆ َﺳﺒِﻴﻞ اﻟ ُﻮ ُﺟﻮب ،ﻧﺴـﺐ إِ َﱃ َﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻠ ِﻒ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ِﺔ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﻢ وﻏ ِﲑﻫﻢ اﻟ ُﻮ ُﺟﻮب ،وﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﺗ ْﺮ َﺟ َﻢ اﻟﻼ ْﻟ َﻜـﺎﺋِ ّﻲ) ،(6)(5)(4وﱂ أﻗـ ْﻒ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻧ ﱢﺺ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ِﰲ ﳾء ﻣﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ،وﻟﻜﻦ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ َﺒﻪ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻠ ِﻒ. وﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ أن إ َﻣﺎ َم اﳊﺮﻣ ِﲔ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻹرﺷﺎ ِد :إِ ﱠن ﳏﺒ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ ﻟﺮ ﱢﺑﻪ إذﻋﺎﻧـﻪ إﻟﻴـﻪ ،واﻧﻘﻴـﺎده ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺘـﻪ، ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ﻣﺘﻘﺪس أن ﻳﻤﻴ َﻞ َأ ْو ﻳ َﲈل إﻟﻴﻪ).(7 َﻗﺎ َل َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ ِﰲ اﳌﻨﻬﺞ :ﻛﺬا َﻗﺎ َل ،و َﻫ َﺬا اﻷﺧﲑ َﻏ ْﲑ ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻠ ٍﻢ؛ ﻓﺎﳌﻴ ُﻞ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺒْ ِﺪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻤﻤﺘﻨﻊ. وﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َل :ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻈﻬ ُﺮ ِﰲ ﺗﻔﺴ ِﲑ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺼ َﻤ ِﺔ َأ ﱠن ﻣ َﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻠﻜـ ٌﺔ دﻳﻨﻴـ ٌﺔ ،ﺣـﺎﺟﺰ ٌة ﺑـﲔ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒـ ِﺪ وﺑﲔ اﳌﻌﺼﻴ ِﺔ ،واﺟﺒ ٌﺔ ﻟﺼﻔ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱡﺒُ ﱠﻮ ِة وا َﳌ َﻠﻜِﻴﱠ ِﺔ ،ﺟﺎﺋﺮ ٌة ﻟﻐﲑ َﳘﺎ) ،(8وﻣﻦ وﺟﺒـﺖ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻌﺼـﻤ ُﺔ ﻓـﻼ ﻳﻘـﻊ ِﻣﻨْـ ُﻪ ﻛﺒـﲑة وﻻ ) (1ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﺴﻠﻢ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )أ(. )َ (2ﺻ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ ) :صِ (11) ،(376ﻛ َﺘﺎ ُب اﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ (35) ،ﺑـﺎ ُب َﻣـﺎ ُﻳ َﻘـﺎ ُل ِﻋ ْﻨـﺪ ُد ُﺧـﻮ ِل ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ُﺒـﻮ ِر َواﻟـ ﱡﺪ َﻋﺎ ِء ﻷَ ْﻫ ِﻠ َﻬـﺎ،102) ، .(974/103 ) (3اﻹرﺷﺎ ُد إِ َﱃ ﻗﻮاﻃﻊ اﻷدﻟﺔ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد) ،ص.(400 ) (4ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺋﻲ\" \"اﻟﻼل\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"ﻛﺎﺋﻲ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﳼ\" ﺧﻄﺄ. ) (6ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﴍ َح ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد.(628/3) ، ) (7اﻹرﺷﺎ ُد إِ َﱃ ﻗﻮاﻃﻊ اﻷدﻟﺔ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد) ،ص.(238 )ِ (8ﰲ )ب( \"ﺣﺎﺋﺰة أﻣﺮ َﳘﺎ\" 335
ﺻﻐﲑة ،وأ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻟﻜﻦ) (1اﻷَ ْﻧﺒِﻴَﺎء ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺒﲑة وﻻ ﺻـﻐﲑة َﻋـ َﲆ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﻌﻤـﺪ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ،و َﻣـﺎ ورد ﳑﱠـﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ دل َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻜﺮوه َأ ْو َﻋ َﲆ ﻧﺴﻴﺎن َأ ْو ﻧﺤﻮ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ ﻗﺪ ًﺣﺎ ،و َﻗﺎ َل :و ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴـﺄَﻟَﺔ اﺧﺘﻼﻓـﺎت) (2ﻻ ﻧﺮى ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ،و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪه ،وﻧﻘﺘﴫ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. و َﻗﺎ َل :إ ﱠن اﻷﻛﺜ َﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ َﺷﺎ ِﻋ َﺮ ِة َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻔﻀﻴ ِﻞ اﻷَ ْﻧﺒِ َﻴﺎ ِء َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ،وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن َﻳ ُﻜﻮ َن ﳏـﻞ ا ِﳋـ َﻼف ِﰲ َﻏـ ْﲑ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ،ﻓﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ اﳋﻠﻖ أﲨﻌﲔ. ﻓﻬﺬه ﻧﺒﺬ ٌة ُﻣ َﻠﺨ َﺼ ٌﺔ ِﰲ ﻛﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ،وﻧﺴﺄ ُل ا َﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ أن ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺎﻧﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻌﻘ ِﺪ اﻟﻮاﺿ ِﺢ اﳌﺒﲔ ،وﻗـﺪ ﻃﺎ َل) (3اﻟﻌﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ ِﺬ ْﻛ ِﺮ َﻓ َﻮا ِﺋ ِﺪ َﺷﻴْ ِﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎ َﻋﻦ ﻋﺎد ِة اﻟ َ َﱰا ِﺟﻢ ،وﻟﻜﻦ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ)َ (4ﻫ َﺬا ﻟﻴَ ُﻜﻮ َن ﺗـﺬﻛﺮ ًة ﻟﻠ َﻌـﺎ ِﱂِ ﻟﻠ َﻌﺎ ِﱂِ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﻪ ،وﺑﻴﺎ ًﻧﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻋﺎﱂ ،وﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﱄ وﻹﺧﻮاﲏ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ َﻣﺎ ﺳﻄﺮه ِﰲ ﺣـﻮاﳾ اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ اﳌﻔﺮﻗـﺔ ،ﻓﺄﺛﺒﺘﻨـﺎه ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ٍب ﻟﻨﺤﻮي ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِﻣ ِﻪ اﳌﺤﻘﻘﺔ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ :ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠ َﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻮاﳾ َﻣﺎ ﺣﻮى ﺷﻴﺌًﺎ؛ ﻟﴪﻋﺔ اﳌَ ْﺤ ِﻮ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷﻃـﺮا ِف، و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ُﻣ َﺸﺎ َﻫﺪ ،ﻓﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻪ) (5اﻻﻋﱰاف. وﺧﺘﻤﻨﺎ اﻟ ﱠﱰﲨ َﺔ ﺑﻜﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﻷ ﱠن ﻣﻦ ﺧﺘ َﻢ ﻋ َﻤ َﻠـ ُﻪ ِﻣـ َﻦ ا ُﳌ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻔـﲔ ﺑـﺎﻟ ﱡﻨﻄْ ِﻖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺸـ َﻬﺎ َد َﺗ ِﲔ)َ ،(6ﻣـ َﻊ اﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﻘﺎ ِد اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِد ِق َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻧ ُﺰو ِل اﳌَ ْﻮ ِت اﳌَ ْﺤ ُﺘﻮ ِم ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺑِ ِﻖ ،ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا َْﳉ ﱠﻨ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮ ْﻋ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِد ِقِ ،ﳑﱠ ْﻦ ُﻫـ َﻮ ﺑِـﺎ َْﳊ ﱢﻖ َﻧﺎﻃِ ٌﻖَ ،و َﺣ ْﺴﺒُﻨَﺎ ا ُﷲ َوﻧِ ْﻌ َﻢ اﻟ َﻮﻛِﻴﻞَ ،ﻓﻨِ ْﻌ َﻢ ا َْﳊ ِﺴﻴﺐَ ،وﻧِ ْﻌ َﻢ اﻟ َﻜ ِﻔﻴﻞ. وﺻــﻔﻮ اﻟﻌــﻴﺶ) (12آل إِ َﱃ اﻧﺘــﺰاح)(13 و ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ أرﺛﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﺎ ٍت َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ): (7 وﻣـــﻦ ﻟﻘﻴـــﺎه روﺣـــﻲ وارﺗﻴـــﺎح ُﻫــ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻜــﺪﻳ ُﺮ) (8ﻟﻸﻓــﺮاح َﻣــﺎﺣﻲ /63أ ﻓﻘـﺪ ُت ﻣﺆﻧﴘـ ِﰲ ﻛـﻞ ﺣـﲔ )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﻦ\". )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"اﺧﺘﻼف\". )ِ (3ﰲ )ب( \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (4ﰲ )ب( \" َذ َﻛ ْﺮ َﻧﺎ ُﻫﺎ\" دون ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻫ َﺬا\". )ِ (5ﰲ )ب( \"ﻗﺪ ﺣﻖ ﻟﻪ\". ) (6ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ )أ( ﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎدﺗﲔ\" \"ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎ\" ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ،وﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ \"دﺗﲔ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ،و َذﻟِـ َﻚ و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ. ) (7ﻋﺒﺎرة \" َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(. )ِ (8ﺧ َﻼف اﻟﺼﻔﻮ. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :اﻟ ﱢﺼ َﺤﺎ َحِ ،ﻟ ْﻠ َﺠ ْﻮ َﻫ ِﺮ ّي.(804/2) ، )ِ (9ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﺪﻫﺮ. ) (10اﺑﺘﻌﺪاد. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :أﺳﺎ َس اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ،ﻟﻠﺰﳐﴩي ،(452) ،وﺗﺎ َج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮسِ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي.(169/7) ، 336
ﻓـــ َﲈ ﱄ ﺑﻌـــﺪ ﻧـــﺎء ﻣـــﻦ ﺻـــﻼح وﻣــﻦ َﻛــﺎ َن اﻟﻜ ِﻔﻴــﻞ ﺑﺼــﻔﻮ ﻋــﻴﺶ ﻧﺠــﺎح اﻟﻘﺼــﺪ ﻣﻘﺼــﻮص اﳉﻨــﺎح ﻓﻘﻠﺒــــﻲ ِﰲ اﻧﺠــــﺮا ٍح ﻻ اﻧﴩــــاح ﻗﺼـــﺪ ُت وﺻـــﺎ َﻟﻪ أﺑـــ ًﺪا وﻟﻜـــﻦ وﻛــﺪ ُت أﻏــﺺ) (6ﺑﺎ َﳌــﺎ ِء اﻟﻘــﺮا ِح)(7 وﻗـﺪ َﻛﻠِــ َﻢ اﻟﻘﻠــﻮ َب ﻓــﺮاق َﺷــ ْﻴﺨﻲ إ َﻣــــﺎم اﻟﻨــــﺎ ِس ِﰲ ﻛــــ ﱢﻞ اﳌﻨــــﺎح وﻣـــﻦ أﱂِ اﻟﺘﻔـــﺮق ﻓـــﺎ َض دﻣﻌـــﻲ إِ َﱃ درج اﳌﻌــــــــﺎﱄ ﺑــــــــﺎﻟﻔﻼح ﺑﺈﻓﺘـــــﺎ ٍء ووﻋـــــ ٍﻆ ِﰲ اﻟﺼـــــﺒﺎح وﻛﻴــ َﻒ ،وﻛﻴــ َﻒ ﻻ أﺑﻜــﻲ إ َﻣــﺎﻣﻲ ﺑــــﺄﻗﻼ ٍم ﳍــــﺎ ﻃ َﻌــــﻦ اﻟﺮ َﻣــــﺎح وﺷــﻴ ُﺦ اﳌﺴــﻠﻤﲔ وﻣــﻦ ﺗﺴــﺎﻣﻰ وﻛـــﻢ أﺑـــﺪا َ َﳏﺎ ِﺳـــﻦ اﻻ ْﺻـــﻄِ َﻼح ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴــــﺪ اﻟﺸــــﻮاردِ ﻣــــﻦ َﲨــــﺎح أﻗــﺎ َم ﻣﻨــﺎ َر ﻋﻠــﻢ اﻟﴩــع دﻫــ ًﺮا ﻛ ِﻔﻴـــــﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠـــــﺎة وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠـــــﺎح وأﻓـــﺮد ِﰲ اﻟﺰ َﻣـــﺎن ﺑﻨﴩـــ ﻋﻠـــﻢ وﻟﻴـــــ ٌﻞ ِﰲ ﺳـــــﺠﻮدٍ ﻟﻠﺼـــــﺒﺎح و ِﰲ اﻟﺘــﺪرﻳ ِﺲ ﻛــﻢ أﻟﻘــﻰ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮﻣــﺎ وﻛــﻢ ﺿــﺒ َﻂ اﻟﴩــﻳﻌ َﺔ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬــﺎدٍ ﺑﻠـــــــﺒ ِﺲ زان َأ ْو ﳾء ﻣﺒـــــــﺎح وأﻓـــﺮع وﺳـــﻌﻪ ِﰲ ﻛـــ ﱢﻞ ﺧـــ ٍﲑ ﻷﻫـــ ِﻞ اﻟﻔﻘـــ ِﺮ ﺑﺴـــﻂ اﻻ َﻧﴩـــاح ﳖــــــﺎ ٌر ِﰲ دروس)َ (1أ ْو ﻓﺘــــــﺎوى وﻻ ﻳـــــﺮﴇ ﺑﻠ ُﻬـــــ َﻮ َأ ْو ﻣـــــﺰاح وﻟــــﻴﺲ ﳞﻤــــﻪ إﺻــــﻼ َح دﻧﻴــــﺎ وﻟـــﻦ ﻳﺼـــﻐﻰ) (8ﻟﻌـــﺪ ٍل َأ ْو ﻟـــﻼح ﻳﻌـــ ﱡﻢ) (2اﻟﻌﻠـــﻢ ﻷﻛﺜـــﺮ َأ ْو ﻳﺒـــﺪي ِﺧــ َﻼف اﳉــﺪ َﻋــﻦ َﺷــ ْﻴﺨﻲ ﻣــﺰاح ﻳﻌـــﻢ ﺑﻔﺤﺸـــﻪ) (9ﻛـــﻞ اﻟﻨـــﻮاﺣﻲ وﻛـﻢ ﻧﺼـ َﺢ اﳌﻠـﻮ َك ﺑـﻮﻋ ِﻆ ﺻـﺪ ٍق وأﺑﻄ َﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜـﻮ ِس اﻟﻈﻠـﻢ ﻣﻜ ًﺴـﺎ)(3 )ِ (1ﰲ )أ( \"دوس\" ﺧﻄﺄ. )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﻘﻴﺪ\". )ِ (3ﰲ \"ﻇﻠ ًﲈ\". ) (4أ َ ِﴍق ﺑﺎ َﳌﺎء. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ْ َ :ﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ.(100/1) ، )ُ (5ﻫ َﻮ ا َﳌﺎء اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﳜﺎﻟﻄﻪ ُﺛ ْﻔ ٌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﻖ وﻻ ﻏﲑه ،و ُﻫﻮ ا َﳌﺎء اﻟﺬي ُﻳ ْ َﴩ ُب َﻋ َﲆ أ َﺛ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻌﺎ ِم. ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ :ا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ ،ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد ،(344/2) ،وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜـ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤـﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈـﻢ ،ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه ،(580/2) ،و َ ْﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ ،ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ.(141/2) ، )ِ (6ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﺼﻎ\". )ِ (7ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻨﴩه\". 337
وﻣﻜـﺲ اﻟـﺪو ِر ذا اﻟﻈﻠـﻢ) (1اﻟﴫـاح َﻋـــﻦ اﻟﻔـــﺮ ِح ا ُﳌ َﺤـــ ﱠﺮ ِم واﳌﻼﻫـــﻲ ﺑﺤــــﻮرات) (2وﺧــــﲑات ﻣــــﻼح ﻋﻠﻴـــﻪ ﺟـــﺰاؤه ﻣـــﻦ ﻓﻀـــﻞ رﰊ و َﻫ َﺬا آﺧ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨ ِﺔ ا ُﳌ َﺒﺎ َر َﻛ ِﺔ ،وا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﷲِ أو ًﻻ وآﺧ ًﺮا ،وﺑﺎﻃﻨًﺎ وﻇﺎﻫ ًﺮا ،و َﻛﺎ َن اﺑﺘﺪا ُء َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨـ ِﺔ وﺗﺴﻮﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻘ َﺐ َو َﻓﺎةِ اﻟ َﻮاﻟِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪِ ،ﰲ ﺷﻬ ِﺮ ذي اﻟﻘﻌﺪة َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ ،واﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﺑﻴﺎﺿﻬﺎ ،وزﻳﺎداﲥﺎ ُأﳊﻘ ْﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ ﺷﻬﻮرَ ،و َﺣ ْﺴ ُﺒ َﻨﺎ ا ُﷲ َوﻧِ ْﻌ َﻢ اﻟ َﻮﻛِﻴ ِﻞ).(4)(3 )ِ (1ﰲ )ب( \"ﻇﻠﻢ\". )ِ (2ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﺠﻮدات\". ) (3ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ\" ،وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ. ) (4ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷَﺑﻴﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ ب : \"ﲤﺖ اﻟﱰﲨ ُﺔ اﳌﺒﺎرﻛ ُﺔ اﳌﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب واﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَﺔ ،ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ واﻟﺸﻜ ُﺮ واﳌﻨﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﺒ ِﺪ اﻟﻔﻘ ِﲑ اﳊﻘ ِﲑ اﳌﻌﱰ ِف ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺼ ِﲑ واﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﲏ و َﻛﺎ َن ﲤَﺎﻣﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻴﻮ ِم اﳌﺒﺎرك ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺷﻬﺮ اﷲ اﳌﺤﺮم اﳊﺮام ،اﻓﺘﺘﺎح ﻋﺎم اﺛﻨﺘﲔ وﺳﺘﲔ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ. َو َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﲆ َﺳ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ َﻧﺎ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ وآﻟ ِﻪ َو َﺻ ْﺤﺒِ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴ ًﲈ َﻛﺜِ ًﲑاَ ،و َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻦ َﺳﺎ َداﺗِ َﻨﺎ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ ِب رﺳﻮ ِل اﷲِ أﲨﻌﲔ وا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِﷲ َر ﱢب اﻟ َﻌﺎ َﳌِﲔ. 338
َ َ ﱢ ََ ﺧﺎﺗِﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ 339
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