ترجمة البلقيني دراسة و تحقيق

‫وﻧﻨﻮه ﻫﻨﺎ إِ َﱃ أ ﱠن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﻷَ َب ﺣﻴﻨ َﲈ ُ َﳜ ﱢﺮ ُج ا َﳊـ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ ِﻣـﻦ ُﺳـﻨَ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴـﺎﺋِ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ُﻜـ ْ َﱪى ﻓﺈ ﱠﻧـﻪ ُﻳ ْﻄﻠِ ُﻘ َﻬـﺎ وﻻ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻘ ﱢﻴ ُﺪ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴ ُﻘﻮل ‪\" :‬رواه اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ\"‪ ،‬وإذا َﻛﺎ َن ِﰲ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى ﻳﻘﻴﺪه‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﻮل \" أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ِﰲ اﳌﺠﺘﺒﻰ\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺛﻴ ِﻘ ِﻪ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺨ ِﺪ ُم أﻛﺜ َﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨ ٍﺔ واﺣﺪ ٍة ﻟﻠﻜِ َﺘﺎ ِب‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻌﻘ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ﱠﺴﺎ َخ إذا َو ِ ُﳘﻮا أو أﺧﻄـﺄوا‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺜﺎل َذﻟِﻚ ﻗﻮل اﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ ‪َ \" :‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ وﻗﻊ ِﰲ ُﻧﺴﺨﺘ ِﲔ وﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴ ِﺦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺪ ِة َﻋﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﺻ ْﻮ ٌم‪َ ،‬ﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨ ُﻪ َوﻟِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ\"‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﳑﱠﺎ ا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺨﺎ ُن َﻋ َﲆ إﺧﺮاﺟﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﻷب ‪ُ \" :‬ﻫ َﻮ وﻫ ٌﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎخ‪ ،‬وﺻﻮاب ﺣﺬف ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا اﺑﻨﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻟﻴ ُﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ِﺔ َر ْﻫ ِﻦ َﻣﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎ ِة ‪َ \" :‬ﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻞ اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ ﻓﻠﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸ َ ِﱰ ِط‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻄﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻮﳍﺎ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ﱠﺴﺎ ُخ إِ َﱃ اﳌﺸﱰي\")‪.(3‬‬ ‫وﳑَﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ واﺿ ٌﺢ و َﺟِ ﱞﲇ َﺳ َﻌﺔ ا ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِﻋ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﳌُ َﺼ ﱠﻨ َﻔﺎ ِت ِﰲ َﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ وﻳﻮﺛـﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ واﳊﺪﻳ ِﺚ واﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ واﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ و ُأ ُﺻﻮﻟِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟ ًﺜﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻨ َﻬ ُﺠ ُﻪ ِﰲ ا ْﻋ ِﱰا َﺿﺎﺗِﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫إذا ﲢﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻋﱰاﺿﺎ ِت ﻓﺈ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠ ِﺼﻴ َﺐ اﻷَ ْﻛ َﱪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﻷَب‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠن َﺟـ َﻼل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻛـﺎ َن ﻳﻨﻘـ ُﻞ‬ ‫اﻋﱰاﺿﺎ ِت واﻟ ِﺪه َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱠ َﻔﺎ ِت‪.‬‬ ‫واﻋﱰاﺿﺎ ُت اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ َﺗ ُﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ َﺳ َﻌ ِﺔ ا ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِﻋ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َﳌﺎ َﻧ َﻘ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ﱡي اﻹ َﲨـﺎ َع ِﰲ ُ ُﴍو ِط اﻟ َﻘـ َﺮا ِض‪،‬‬ ‫َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜﻮ َن َﻧ ْﻘ ًﺪا‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َراﻫﻢ واﻟ ﱠﺪ َﻧﺎﻧﲑ اﳌَ ْ ُﴬوﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪ :‬ﻻ إ َﲨﺎع ِﰲ اﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ َﺣ َﻜﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ اﳋﻼف ِﰲ َذﻟِـﻚ َﻋـﻦ اﺑـﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﲆ ِﰲ اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻴﲔ‪ ،‬و َﺣ َﻜﻰ ﻏ ُﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ اﳋﻼف َﻋﻦ ﻃﺎووسواﻷَو َزا ِﻋ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ورواﻳﺔ َﻋـﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪﺪ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ق‪/48‬أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ق‪/46‬ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ق‪/22‬ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ق‪/25‬أ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫وﻳﻌﱰ ُض اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﺄدﻟ ٍﺔ ﳜﺎﻃ ُﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻘ َﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﻤ ْﻦ َذﻟِﻚ ﳌَﺎ اﻋـﱰ َض َﻋـ َﲆ ا ُﳌ َﺘـ َﻮ ﱢﱄ ﺻـﺎﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺘِ ﱠﻤـ ِﺔ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ٍﺔ إذا ﱂ ﻳﻜ ْﻦ ﻟﻪ إﻻ َوا ِر ٌث واﺣ ٌﺪ ﻓ َﺄ ْو َﴅ ﻟﻪ ﺑ َﲈﻟِﻪ‪ ،‬أ ﱠن ﻓِﻴـﻪ وﺟﻬـﺎن ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺼـ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ‪ :‬أن اﻟ َﻮ ِﺻـ ﱠﻴ َﺔ َﺑﺎﻃِ َﻠـ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ﻓِﻴﺄﺧ ُﺬ َﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ َﻮ ِﺻ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ﻏ ُﲑ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن اﳊﺎد َث ﺑﻌﺪ اﳌﻮ ِت‪ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ُﺒﻮ ِل َﻳ ْﻨ َﺒﻨِﻲ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷَ ْﻗﻮا ِل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن ُﻗ ْﻠ َﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ِﻒ َو ُﻫ َﻮ اﻷَ َﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺜﺒﺘﺎ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ َﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴ ُﻢ ا َﳉ ْﺰ ُم ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻻ َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻜﻬـﺎ؟ وإن ُﻗ ْﻠﻨَـﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻠـﻚ إﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﱂ ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺠﻬﺔ اﻹرث‪ ،‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ :‬وإن ﻗﻠﻨﺎ إرث‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ َﺼـ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ‬ ‫َﻋ ِﺠﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ إر ًﺛﺎ َﻣ َﻠ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َواﺋِ َﺪ ﻗﻄ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ َﻳ ﱠﺘ ِﺠ ُﻪ ا ِﳋ َﻼف؟‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧ ْﺖ ﻋﺒﺎرا ُت اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻻﻋﱰا ِض ُﻣ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﺳ َﻄ ًﺔ ﻻ ُﺗﻮ َﺳ ُﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﺸ ﱠﺪةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﻗ َﺼـﺎ َﻫﺎ ‪َ \" :‬ﻫـ َﺬا وﻫـ ٌﻢ َو َﻗـ َﻊ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﻓ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻛ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ\"‪َ \" ،‬ﻫ َﺬا ﻏ ُﲑ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ\"‪\" ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ َﻫ َﺬا اﻻﻋﱰاض ﺑِ َﻘـ ِﻮ ّي\"‪\" ،‬ﻓِﻴـﻪ َﻧ َﻈـﺮ\"‪ ،‬وﻗـﺪ اﺳـﺘﻌﻤﻞ َﻫـ ِﺬ ِه‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﻛﺜ ًﲑا‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻛﺎ َن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﻓ ٍﻖ ِﰲ اﻻﻋﱰا ِض‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ِﰲ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن اﺑﻨُـﻪ َﺟـ َﻼ ُل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻳﻨـﻮه إِ َﱃ‬ ‫َذﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮب ﻣﻬﺬب دون ﺟﺮح‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ َذﻟِﻚ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﻟﻜﻼ ِم واﻟ ِﺪه‪ ،‬وﻣﺜﺎ ُﻟﻪ َﳌﺎ اﻋﱰ َض َﻋ َﲆ ﻛـﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌـ ّﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟـ ُﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺸـﱰي ا ِﳋ َﻴـﺎر‬ ‫َو ْﻫ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬وﺻﻮا ُﺑ ُﻪ ﻓﻠﻠﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َأ ْو ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺮﲥ ِﻦ ا ِﳋ َﻴﺎر‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫َو َﻛﺎ َن َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻘ ُﺐ َواﻟِ َﺪ ُه ﻓِﻴ َﲈ َﱂْ َﻳ ْﺬ ُﻛﺮه‪ ،‬أو َﺳ َﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َﻣـﺎ ﻗﺎﻟـﻪ ِﰲ \"ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة اﳌـﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺰر اﻟﻴﺴﲑ\" ‪ُ \" :‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪ :‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ إذا اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ِﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓِﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱢ َﴪا َﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻻن ‪ :‬أﺻﺤﻬ َﲈ ‪ :‬أن اﻟﻘﻮ َل ﻗﻮ ُل ا ُﳌ ْﻌﺘِ ِﻖ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻏﺎ ِرم‪ ،‬وﺑﻨﺎ َﳘﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎ ِﻣﺪ َﻋ َﲆ أن اﻟ ﱢ َﴪا َﻳ َﺔ َﺣﺎ َل ا ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺘﺎ ِق َأ ْو‬ ‫ﺑﺄدا ِء اﻟ ِﻘﻴ َﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ُﻗﻠﻨﺎ َﺣﺎ َل ا ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺘﺎ ِق‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮل ﻗﻮل اﳌُ ْﻌﺘِ ِﻖ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻏﺎ ِرم‪ ،‬وإن ُﻗ ْﻠ َﻨـﺎ ﺑـ َﺄ َدا ِء اﻟ ِﻘﻴ َﻤـ ِﺔ ﻓﻘـﻮل َﺻـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻘ ِﺺ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ ﱂْ ﻳﻐﺮم إِ َﱃ اﻵن ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا َﻫ ِﺬهِ َداﺋِ َﺮة َﺑ ْﲔ اﻟ ُﻐ ْﺮ ِم َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻤﻠِﻴ ِﻚ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ َﺻـ ﱠﺤ َﺢ َأ ﱠن اﻟ َﻘـﻮ َل َﻗـﻮل‬ ‫اﻟ َﻐﺎ ِرم َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻌﻜ ِﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺄ َﻟ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱢد ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﺐ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َلاﻻﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ‪\":‬و ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖأﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﻟَ َﻌ ﱠﻞ اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺸﱰ ِطﺑﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤ ﱠﻮ َﳍﺎاﻟ ﱡﻨ ﱠﺴﺎ ُخإِ َﱃاﳌﺸﱰي\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ق‪/22‬ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪) :‬ق‪/22‬ب(‪.‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬

‫ﳕـــﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫‪42‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﴫﻳﺔ )أ(‬ ‫‪43‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﱃ‬ ‫‪44‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﲑة‬ ‫‪45‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﴩاق )ب(‬ ‫‪46‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﲑة وﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﲏ‬ ‫‪47‬‬

‫ُﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ﱡﺺ اﳌُ َﺤ ﱠﻘﻖ‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫‪/1‬ب ﻛِ َﺘﺎب َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ َﺳ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ َﻧﺎ َو َﻣ َﻮﻻﻧﺎ َو َﺷﻴْ َﺨﻨِﺎ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َوا ُﳌْ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﳌُ ْﺠ َﺘ ِﻬ ِﺪﻳ َﻦ‪ ،‬اﳌُ َﺠ ﱢﺪ ِد َِﳍ ِﺬ ِه‬ ‫ا ْﻷ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ َأ ْﻣ َﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ِ ،‬ر ْﺣ َﻠ ِﺔ ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱢﺪﺛِ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﺴﺎ ِن اﳌُﺘَ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ِﻤ َﲔ‬ ‫َﺳ ْﻴ ِﻒ ا ُﳌﻨَﺎﻇِ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‪َ ِ ،‬ﴎا ِج ا ِﷲ َواﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫َأ ِﰊ َﺣ ْﻔ ٍﺺ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ اﻟﻜِ َﻨﺎ ِ ّﲏ اﻟﺒُ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﺟ َﻌ َﻞ اﷲُ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ُرو َﺣ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ َﻔ َﺔ ِﰲ ِﻋ ﱢﻠ ﱢﻴ َﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻧ َﻔ َﻌﻨَﺎ ﺑِ ِﻪ‬ ‫َو َﺳﺎﺋِ ِﺮ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ‪ ،‬آ ِﻣﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َﲨ َﻌ َﻬﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ وﻟ ُﺪ ُه َﺳ ﱢﻴ ُﺪ َﻧﺎ َو َﻣ ْﻮﻻﻧﺎ َو َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َواﳌُْ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ‪ ،‬ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺋِ ُﻢ ﺑِﻨَ ْ َﴫ ْة اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ اﻟﺒِ َﺪ ِﻋ ﱢﻴ َﲔ‬ ‫َﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ اﳌُ ْﺠ َﺘ ِﻬ ِﺪﻳ َﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺳ ْﻴ ُﻒ ا ُْﳌ َﻨﺎﻇِ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﺴﺎ ُن اﳌُﺘَ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ِﻤ َﲔ‬ ‫َأ ُﺑﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟﻜِﻨَﺎ ِﲏ)‪ (1‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ َﻣ ﱠﺘﻊ اﷲُ ا ُﳌْ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ ﺑِ َﺒ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻪ‬ ‫َو َﺟ َﻌ َﻠ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﻮاﺻ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺣ َﺒﺎﺑِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑِ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َوآﻟِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ْﺴ ُﺒﻨَﺎ اﷲ‬ ‫َوﻧِ ْﻌ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻮﻛِﻴ ُﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﰲ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط \"اﻟﻨﻜﺎﲏ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬

‫‪/2‬أ ﺑِ ْﺴ ِﻢ ا ِﷲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﷲِ َر ﱢب اﻟ َﻌﺎﳌَِﲔ َواﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َواﻟ ﱠﺴﻼ ُم َﻋ َﲆ َﺳ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ َﻧﺎ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﷲِ َﺟﺎﺑِ ِﺮ َﺻ ْﺪ ِع اﻟ ُﻘ ُﻠﻮ ِب ﺑِ َﲈ َأ َْﳍ َﻢ ِﻣـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﺻ ْ ِﱪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ اﳌُ َﺼﺎ ِب‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ ِﺷ ِﻒ َﻏ ﱢﻢ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺮو ِب ﺑِ َﲈ َو َﻋ َﺪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْ ِﱪ َﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻮا ِب‪َ ،‬ﺳﺎ َوى ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﻮ ِت َﺑـ ْ َﲔ ِﻋ َﺒـﺎ ِد ِه‪َ ،‬ﻓـ َﻼ‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﻤﻨَ ُﻊ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻗ ْ ٌﴫ ُﺷ ﱢﻴ َﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﻣﻨِﻴ ُﻊ ِﺣ َﺠﺎب‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ اﻷَ َﺳﻰ َﻳ ْﺪ َﻓ ُﻊ اﻷَ َﺳﻰ َﻋ ْﻦ َذ ِوي ا ْﻷَ ْﻟ َﺒـﺎ ِب‪ ،‬ﺑِﺈِ َﺷـﺎ َرةِ ‪ÔÓ‬‬ ‫‪)  ÖÕ‬اﻟ ﱡﺰ َﻣــﺮ ‪) È Ç(1) ÆÅÄÃÂÁ ،(30 :‬اﻷَ ْﺣــ َﺰاب ‪َ ،(21 :‬و َﻗــ ْﺪ ُد ِﻋــ َﻲ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺄ َﺟﺎ َب‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ْن َﻻ إِ َﻟ َﻪ إِ ﱠﻻ ا ُﷲ َو ْﺣ َﺪ ُه َﻻ َ ِﴍﻳ َﻚ َﻟ ُﻪ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِﻲ َو َﻣﺎ ِﺳ َﻮا ُه ُﻋ ْﺮ َﺿ ًﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻔ َﻨـﺎ ِء َواﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺎ ِب‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺷـ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ﱠن‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ًﺪا َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ُه َو َر ُﺳﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪ ،‬اﳌُ ْﻨ َﺘ َﺨ ُﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْ َﴍ ِف اﻷَﻧ َﺴﺎ ِب‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﻋ َﲆ آﻟِ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺻـ َﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ َﺧـ ْ َﲑ آ ٍل َو َأ ْﺻـ َﺤﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫َﺻ َﻼ ًة ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻤ ﱠﺮ ًة َﻋ َﲆ َﺗ َﻌﺎ ُﻗ ِﺐ ا ْﻷَ ْز َﻣﺎ ِن إِ َﱃ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ا ِْﳊ َﺴﺎ ِب‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ‪..‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻬ ِﺬهِ ﻧﺒﺬ ٌة َر ِﻏ َﺐ إ ﱠﱄ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ ُﺾ اﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻄ ﱠﻼ ِب‪َ ،‬أ ْذ ُﻛ ُﺮ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ َأ ْﺣ َﻮا َل َﺷ ْﻴ ِﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ِﺪ ُأﻧِﻴ َﻞ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﺮ َف ا ِﳉ َﻨﺎ ِن ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻞ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ اﻟ َﻮ ﱠﻫﺎ ِب‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ َﺟ ْﺒ ُﺖ إِ َﱃ َذﻟِ َﻚ إ ﱠﱄ َﻣ ْﻊ ا ْﻋ ِ َﱰا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻘ ُﺼﻮ ِر)‪َ (2‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا َْﳉ َﻮا ِب‪َ ،‬و َأ ْذﻛـﺮ‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ ِو ﱠﻳﺎﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﺧﺘِ َﻴﺎ َراﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﺎﺗِ ِﻪ َوا ْﻧ ِﻔ َﺮا َداﺗِ ِﻪ َو َﺗ ْﺮ ِﺟﻴ َﺤﺎﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛﻠِ َﲈﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وا َﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ‬ ‫َأ ْﺳ َﺄ ُل َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻨ َﻔ َﻊ ِ َﲠﺎ َﻛ َﲈ َﻧ َﻔ َﻊ ِ َﲠﺎ ِﰲ َﺣ َﻴﺎﺗِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ا ُﳌ ْﻠ ِﻬ ُﻢ َﺻ ْﻮ َب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻮا ِب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻮ ُل ُﻫ َﻮ َﺷﻴْ ُﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم واﻟ َﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ ُد ا ُﳌ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻐﻨِﻲ َﻋﻦ َأﻟْ َﻘﺎ ٍب)‪َ (3‬وا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم‪ُ ،‬ذو ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﻀـﺎ ِﺋ ِﻞ اﻟﱠﺘِـﻲ َﻻ ﺗ َﺴـﺎ َﻣﺎ َو َﻻ‬ ‫ُﺗ َﺴﺎ ْم)‪َ ،(4‬واﳌَﺂﺛِ ِﺮ)‪َ (5‬واﳌَ َﺤﺎ ِﻣ ِﺪ ا ِﳉ َﺴﺎ ِم‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺬا ﱡب)‪َ (6‬ﻋ ْﻦ َ ِﴍﻳ َﻌ ِﺔ ا ُﳌ ْﺼ َﻄ ِﻔﻲ َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة َواﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻼ ِم ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ َﻠ ِﻢ َواﻟ ﱢﻠ َﺴﺎ ِن‪َ ،‬واﳌُ َﺠﺎ ِﻫـ ِﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"أﺳﻮة\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﻂ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ آﺧﺮه )ﺻﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻃﻤﺲ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺼﺎد ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﻷﺻﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن \"اﻷﻟﻘﺎب\"‪ ،‬ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﳌﻘﺘﴣ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ُﻳﻨَﺎ َﻗﺶ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬ َﻲ ُﻣ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ٌﻖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ؛ ﻷن اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻮ َم ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َوا ُﳌ ْﺸ َﱰي ﻣ َﻌﻨﺎه ا ِﳉ َﺪال ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺴ ْﻌﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْﻷَ َﺛـ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا ْﻷَﺛِـﲑ‪ ،(425/2) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴـﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈـﻮر‪ ،(2157/3) ،‬وﺗـﺎ َج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(429/32) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﻫ َﻲ َ ْﲨ ُﻊ ُأ ْﺛﺮة‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ُﺛﺮة و َﻣﺎ َﺛﺮة‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﳌﻜ ُﺮﻣﺔ اﳌﺘ َﻮا ِرﺛﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌﻔﺎﺧﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗ ْﺬﻛ ُﺮ و ُﺗ ْﺮ َوى‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ُأ ِﺧ َﺬت ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا؛ ﻷﳖﺎ ﻳﺄﺛﺮﻫـﺎ ﻗـﺮن‬ ‫َﻋﻦ ﻗﺮن‪ ،‬أي ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﺪم ِﰲ اﳊﺴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(119/15) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(175 /10) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(26/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي اﻟ ﱠﺪاﻓِﻊ َوا َﳌﺎﻧِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(64/10) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜـ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤـﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(53/10) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(66/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫ِﰲ ا ِﷲ َﺣ ﱠﻖ ِﺟ َﻬﺎ ِد ِه ﺑِﺎﻟْ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﱂْ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺴﻴْ ِﻒ َواﻟﺴﻨَﺎ ِن‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﻤ َﻊ اﳌُ ْﺒﺘَ ِﺪ َﻋـ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠـ ْﻢ َﺗ ْﻈ َﻬـ ْﺮ َُﳍـ ْﻢ ُر ُءوس‪َ ،‬و َﻛـ ﱠﻒ‬ ‫اﳌُﺒْ ِﻄ ِﻠ َﲔ َﻓ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﰲ َﺣﺎ ٍل َﻋ ُﺒﻮ ٍس‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺑ َﻄ َﻞ َﻣﺎ َﻗﺪ َر َﻋ َﲆ إِ ْﺑ َﻄﺎ ِﻟ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌُﻨْ َﻜ َﺮا ِت َوا ُﳌْ ُﻜﻮ ِس)‪.(1‬‬ ‫َ َﲨ َﻊ ا ُﷲ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َو ْﺻ َﻔﻲ ا ْﻻ ْﺟﺘِ َﻬﺎ ِد ِﻣ َﻦ ا ِﻹ ْﻃ َﻼ ِق َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ اﳌُ َﺘ َﻤ ﱢﻜ ُﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﺳﺘِ ْﺨ َﺮا ِج ا ْﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ﺑِﺎﻻ ْﺳـﺘِﻨْ َﺒﺎ ِط‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴﻞ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺮ ْأ ِي اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﺪﻳ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬واﳌُْ َﺘ َﻤ ﱢﻜ ُﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ْﲣ ِﺮﻳ ِﺞ اﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِع )‪ِ(2‬ﰲ َﻗ َﻮا ِﻋ ِﺪ ا ْ ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻜ ِﺮ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﻟِﻴـ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻛـ ْﻢ َﻟـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱠﻟ َﺪا ٍت ُأﻟِ َﲔ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ُﺪ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻔﺎ َﻗ ْﺖ)‪ُ (3‬ﻣ َﻮ ﱠﻟ َﺪا ِت)‪ (4‬ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َْﳊ ﱠﺪادِ)‪ (5‬ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺼﻴ ِﻞ َوا ْ ِﻹ ْ َﲨﺎ ِل‪َ ،‬و َ ْﲣ ِﺮ َﳚﺎ ٍت َﻓ َﺘ َﺢ ِ َﲠﺎ َأ ْﻗ َﻔـﺎ َل‬ ‫َأ ْﻗ َﻔﺎ َل ا ِﻹ ْﺷ َﻜﺎ َﻻ ِت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َأ ْﻋ َﻴ ْﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻔﺎ َل)‪َ ،(6‬و َﺧ َﻄﺎ َﺑ ٍﺔ ا ْﻋ َ َﱰ َف)‪َ (1‬ﻟ ُﻪ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ إِ َﻣﺎ ُم ا َْﳊ َﺮ َﻣ ِﲔ)‪ (2‬ﺑِﺎ ِﻹ َﻣﺎ َﻣـ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺴـﻴ َﲈ ٍت َﻗ ﱠﻠـ َﺪ ُه‬ ‫اﻟ َﻐ َﺰا ِ ﱡﱄ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻋﺎ َﻣ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻓ َﺼﺎ َﺣ ٍﺔ أﻧﺴﺖ َﺳ ْﺤ َﺒﺎن واﺋﻞ)‪َ ،(3‬و َﻋ َﺮﺑِﻴ ٍﺔ َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ َﺣ َﻠ َﺒ ِﺔ ِﺳ َﺒﺎﻗِ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻷَ َواﺋِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻃ ِﻤ َﺲ َﺣ ْﺮ ُف اﻟ َﻮا ِو ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﻲ ﲨﻊ َﻣ ْﻜ ٍﺲ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬه ﺗﺴﻤﻴ ًﺔ ﺑﺎﳌَ ْﺼ َﺪر‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎ ُص اﻟـﺜﻤﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﺒِ َﻴﺎ َﻋـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﺎب َﴐب‪،‬‬ ‫وا ْﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﻄﺎ ُﻃ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬واﳌُﻨَﺎ َﺑ َﺬ ُة َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﳌُ َﺘ َﺒﺎﻳِ ِﻌ َﲔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ َﺟ ْﺒ ِﻲ َﻣﺎ ٍل‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻫﻮ اﻟﴬﻳﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺸﺎ ُر‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟ ﱡﻈﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ ِﰲ أﺳﻮاق اﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ُ :‬ﻫـ َﻮ درﻫـﻢ َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬه اﳌﺼ ﱢﺪق ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮاﻏﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(95/10) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(345 /5) ،‬واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(732/6) ،‬واﻟﻨﱢ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ واﻷﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ اﻷﺛـﲑ‪ ،(349 /4) ،‬واﳌﻐـﺮ َب ِﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ اﳌﻌـﺮب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا ُﳌﻄـ ﱢﺮز‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(271/2‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﲆ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﻓﻘﺎﻗﺖ\" وﴐب َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِع اﳌُﻮ ﱠﻟ َﺪات‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ِﰲ ﻓﺮوع ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﻟﺪارﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ دﻛﺘﻮراة‪ِ ،‬ﰲ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أم اﻟﻘﺮى‪ ،‬ﺑ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻜﻲ)‪ ،(80/3‬واﻷﺷﺒﺎ َه واﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋ َﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ‪ ،(5/1) ،‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْـ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(367/2‬وﻣﻮﻗ َﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أم اﻟﻘﺮى َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪.www.uqu.edu.sa ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﻨﺎﲏ‪ ،‬اﳌﴫي‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺑﻼﻏﺔ وﺑﴫ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ورﺟﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑـﺎع ﻣﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺎرى ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة واﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪345‬ﻫـ‪ ،.‬وﻗﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪344‬ﻫـ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ِت اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸﲑازي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(114‬واﻷﻧﺴﺎ ِب‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ‪ ،(181/2) ،‬وﺳـ ِﲑ أﻋـﻼم اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(445/15‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (6‬ﻫ َﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻔﺎل اﻟ َﻜﺒِ ُﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ َﻣ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ ورا َء َﳖْﺮ ِﺳﻴ ُﺤﻮن‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻘﺎل ﳍﺎ \"اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎش\" وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ُﺛﻐﻮر اﻟ ﱡ ْﱰك‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡ ْﱰك‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻫﻮ َأ ﱠو ُل َﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﻨﱠ َﻒ ا َﳉ َﺪ َل ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء‪َ ،‬و َو َﺻ َﻔﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ﱡﲏ ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠﻧﻪ أﺣﺪ َأ ِﺋ ﱠﻤﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ وا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ وا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ واﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻋﻨـﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﴩ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ وراء اﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ووﺿ َﺢ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي اﻟﻔﺮ َق ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻔﺎل اﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻜﺒ َﲑ َﻫ َﺬا ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜـﺮر ِﰲ ﻛﺘـﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴـﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫وا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وا ُﻷ ُﺻﻮل‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻜ َﻼم‪ ،‬وا َﳉ َﺪل‪ ،‬وﻳﻮﺟﺪ ِﰲ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ ﻟﻠ ُﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ا ُﳋ َﺮا َﺳﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪= .‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬

‫َو َﺷ ِﻬ َﺪ َﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﺣ َﺪا َﺛ ِﺔ ِﺳﻨﱢ ِﻪ ُﻣﻨْ ِﺼ ُﻔﻮ َأﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔ َﻋ ْ ِﴫهِ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻘ ﱡﺪ ِم ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َﻮى َوا ْﻷَ ْو َﻟ ِﻮ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪/2 ،‬ب َوا ْﻋ َ َﱰ ُﻓﻮا َﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ َذﻟِـ َﻚ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻷَ َﺣ ﱢﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ﱠﻠ ُﻤﻮا َﻟ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َﻮى ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺳ ﱢﺘ َﲔ َﺳ َﻨ ٍﺔ إِ َﱃ ِﺣ ِﲔ َو َﻓﺎﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻜ َﻔ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻠ َﺒـ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺳـ َﺘ ْﻐ َﺮ َﻗ ْﺖ َﺑﺎ ْﺷـﺘِ َﻐﺎ ِﳍ ْﻢ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻏ َﺎﻟِ َﺐ َأ ْو َﻗﺎﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ َ ،‬ﲡﺎ َو َز ْت َﻓ َﺘﺎ َوا ُه ا ْﻵ َﻻ َف ا ْﻟ َﻜﺜِﲑة‪َ ،‬و َﻃ ﱠﺒ َﻘ ْﺖ)‪َ (4‬ﻃ َﻠ َﺒ ُﺘ ُﻪ ا ْﻷَ ْر َض ﺑِ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣ ِﻬ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ِﺰﻳ َﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫=أ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻜﺮر ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺷﺎﳾ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻣﺮوزي‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ وﻗﻊ اﻻﺧـﺘﻼف ِﰲ َو َﻓـﺎة ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻔـﺎل‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﲑا ِز ّي ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء ‪ُ :‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ وﺛﻼﺛﲔ وﺛﻼﺛ َﲈﺋـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﻄـﺄه اﺑـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻼح‪ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل ‪\" :‬و ُﻫـﻮ وﻫـﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻄ ًﻌﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳊﺎﻛِﻢ اﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮري ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎش‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ذي اﳊﺠﺔ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﲬﺲ وﺳـﺘﲔ وﺛﻼﺛ َﲈﺋـﺔ‪ ،‬وواﻓﻘـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻫـ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺴـ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ّﲏ ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘـﺎب‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻧ َﺴﺎب‪َ ،‬و َزا َد َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِو َﻻ َدﺗﻪ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ إﺣﺪى وﺗﺴﻌﲔ و َﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﲏ ِﰲ ذﻳﻞ َﺗﺎ ِرﻳﺦ َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد )و ُﻫﻮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘـﺐ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻘﻮدة( ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺳﺖ وﺳﺘﲔ وﺛﻼﺛ َﲈﺋﺔ‪َ ،‬ر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ ا ِﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ﻓﺘ ِﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎب ِﰲ اﻟﻜﻨﻰ واﻷﻟﻘﺎب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻣﻨـﺪه‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(119‬واﻷَﻧ َﺴـﺎ ِب‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ ﱠﺴـ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،(375/3) ،‬وﺗﺒﻴـ ِﲔ ﻛـﺬب‬ ‫اﳌﻔﱰي ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻧﺴﺐ إِ َﱃ اﻹ َﻣـﺎم َأ ِﰊ ا َﳊ َﺴـﻦ ا َﻷ ْﺷـ َﻌ ِﺮ ﱢي‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺴـﺎ ِﻛﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(306‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬـﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸـﲑازي‪) ،‬ص ‪،(112‬‬ ‫و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِح‪ ،(228 /1) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﲈ ِء َواﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي‪َ ،(282/2) ،‬ووﻓِﻴﺎ ِت اﻷﻋﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻜﺎن‪.(200/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"اﻋﱰاف\" وﴐب َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪2‬أي ا ُﳉ َﻮ ْﻳﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﺳ ْﺤ َﺒﺎن ﺑﺎﳊﺎء اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎء ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠﻤﺔ ﺑ َﻮا ِﺣﺪة‪ ،‬ﺑﻦ زﻓﺮ ﺑﻦ إﻳﺎس ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ َﺷ ْﻤﺲ ﺑﻦ اﻷﺟﺐ اﻟﺒـﺎﻫﲇ اﻟـﻮاﺋﲇ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻣﻨﺴـﻮب إِ َﱃ‬ ‫واﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﻫﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وواﺋﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﺑﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﴫ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ َﻋ ْﻴ َﻼن‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل ‪ :‬اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﻴ َﻼن ﺑﻦ ُﻣ َﴬ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺰار‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻫﻠـﺔ اﻣـﺮأة‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ِﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ أﻋﴫ‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻨ َﺴﺐ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ وﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺑﻨ ُﺖ َﺻ ْﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺸ َﲑة‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ رﺟﻞ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﴬب اﳌﺜﻞ ﺑﻔﺼﺎﺣﺘﻪ وﺑﻼﻏﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ وﻏﲑه‪ ،‬ﻓِﻴ َﻘﺎل ‪َ \" :‬أ ْﺧ َﻄ ُﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ ْﺤ َﺒﺎن واﺋﻞ\"‪ ،‬و\" َأ ْﻓ َﺼ ُﺢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ ْﺤ َﺒﺎن واﺋﻞ\"‪ ،‬و\" َأ ْﻧ َﻄ ُﻖ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ ْﺤ َﺒﺎن\"‪ ،‬و\" َأ ْﺑ َﻠ ُﻎ ِﻣـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﺳ ْﺤ َﺒﺎن\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻧ َﻘﻞ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻧ َﻌ ْﻴﻢ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﳋﻄﺒﺎء ‪ -‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘﺐ اﳌﻔﻘﻮدة ‪َ \" : -‬ﻛﺎ َن َﺳ ْﺤﺒﺎ ُن َﺧﻄِﻴ َﺐ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب َﻏـ ْﲑ ﻣـﺪاﻓﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن إذا ﺧﻄﺐ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺣﺮ ًﻓﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ َﻳ َﺘ َﻠ ْﻌ َﺜ ْﻢ و َﱂْ َﻳ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﻗﻒ وﱂ َﻳ َﺘ َﻔ ﱠﻜ ْﺮ َﺑ ْﻞ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﺳﻴ ًﻼ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﺪ َﻋ َﲆ ُﻣ َﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻳﻮ ًﻣﺎ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ‪ :‬أﻧﺖ أﺧﻄﺐ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب؟ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬واﻟ َﻌ َﺮب َو ْﺣـ َﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻞ َأ ْﺧ َﻄـ ُﺐ‬ ‫اﳉ ﱢﻦ واﻹﻧ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ُﻣ َﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛﺬا أﻧﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬وإ ْن ﺛﺒ َﺖ َﻫ َﺬا َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﳌُ َﺨ ْ َﴬ ِﻣﲔ؛ وإن َﻛﺎ َن ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮوف َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺟﺎ ِﻫِ ّﲇ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ‬ ‫َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪54‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﳌَ َﻌﺎ َر ِف‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻗ َﺘ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻨ َﻮ ِري‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(611‬واﳌُ ْﺆ َﺗ ِﻠ ِﻒ َواﳌُ ْﺨ َﺘ ِﻠ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺪا َر ُﻗ ْﻄﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(1342/3) ،‬و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ ِد َﻣ ْﺸـﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺴﺎﻛِﺮ‪ ،(143 /20) ،‬و َﺗ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴ ِﺢ ُﻓ ُﻬﻮ ِم َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻷَ َﺛ ِﺮ ِﰲ ُﻋ ُﻴﻮ ِن اﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦ َواﻟ ﱢﺴ َ ِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا َﳉـ ْﻮ ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(708‬وا ِﻹ َﺻـﺎﺑِ ِﺔ ِﰲ َﲤْﻴِﻴـ ِﺰ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(250/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي َﻋ ﱠﻤ ْﺖ و َﻏ ﱠﻄ ْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(458 /1) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(439/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫َﱂْ َﺗ ْﺴ َﻤ ْﻊ َﻋ ﱠﻤ ْﻦ َﻣ َﴣ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َأ ْﻓ َﺘﻰ َﻛ َﻔ َﺘﺎ َوا ُه‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ا ْﻧ َﻔ َﺮ َد َﻛ َﺘ َﻔ ﱡﺮ ِدهِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟـ ُﻪ َﻣـ ْﻦ َﻧـﺎ َوا ُه)‪َ ،(1‬وا ْﻧ َﺘ َﻬـ ْﺖ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺘﺎ َوا ُه‪َ ،‬و َﻃﺎ َر ا ْﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ َأ ْﻗ َﴡ ا ْﻟﺒِ َﻼدِ‪َ ،‬و َر َﻛ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ ُﻠﻮا َﻋ َﲆ َﻓ ْﺘ َﻮا ُه اﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﲈ َد‪.‬‬ ‫َﻳ َﻮ ﱡد ُﻣ ُﻠﻮ ُك َأ ْﻗ َﻄﺎ ِر اﻷَ ْر ِض َأ ْن َﻳ َﺘ َﻤ ﱡﻠﻮا ﺑِ ُﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ َو ْﺟ ِﻬ ِﻪ اﳌُ َﺒـﺎ َر ِك اﳌَ ْﻴ ُﻤـﻮ ِن‪ ،‬وإِ َذا َﺳـ ِﻤ ُﻌﻮا َﻋـﻦ أﺣـ ٍﺪ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ ِﻣـ ْﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑﻪ َو َﺗ َﻼ ِﻣ َﺬﺗِ ِﻪ َﻓﺒِ ِﻪ َﻳ َﺘ َ ﱠﱪ ُﻛﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺻ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ َﻠ َﺒﺘِ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ ﺑِ َﻼدِ ُﺧ َﺮا َﺳﺎن)‪َ (2‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﺎ َر َﻟ ُﻪ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ اﳌَ َﻜﺎ َﻧ ُﺔ َواﻹ ْﻣ َﻜﺎ ُن‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺼـ َﺪ ِﻣـ ْﻦ َأ ْﻃـ َﺮا ِف ا ْﻷَ ْر ِض‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻻ ْﺷﺘِ َﻐﺎ ِل ِﻣ َﻦ ا ِْﳊ َﺠﺎ ِز َوا ْﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑِ َﻼدِ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِق َوا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْﻀ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ ِ َﲠﺎ َﺳ َﻜ ْﻦ َو َﻓﺎ َﻗ ْﺖ َﻃ َﻠ َﺒ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ْ ْﴫ)‪َ ،(3‬و َﻣﺎ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻬ ْﻢ إِ ﱠﻻ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻮ ِﺷ ْﺌ َﻨﺎ)‪َ (4‬ﻟ ُﻘ ْﻠﻨَﺎ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َﻋ ْ َﲔ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴫ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻛ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ ُﻣ َﺸﺎ َﻫ ٌﺪ ﺑِ ْﺎﻟ َﻌ َﻴﺎ ِن َﻓ َﻼ ُ ْﳛ َﺘﺎ ُج ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴﻞ‬ ‫إِ ﱠﻻ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﻛ َﻤ ٍﻪ)‪َ (5‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُف ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻤ َﺮا‬ ‫َﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ َﻇ َﻬ ْﺮ َت َﻓ َﻼ َ ْﳜ ِﻔﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َأ َﺣ ٍﺪ‬ ‫َواﻟ ُ ْﱪ َﻫﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫إِ َذا ا ْﺣ َﺘــﺎ َج اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻬــﺎ ُر إِ َﱃ َدﻟِﻴــ ٍﻞ)‪(6‬‬ ‫َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻳ ِﺼـ ﱡﺢ ِﰲ ا ْﻷَ ْذ َﻫـﺎ ِن َ ْﳾ ٌء‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي َﻋﺎ َداه‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﺼ َﺤﺎ َح‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺠ ْﻮ َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(79/1) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠﻢ َ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(367/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻲ ﺑِ َﻼ ٌد َوا َﺳ َﻌ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠو ُل ﺣﺪودﻫﺎ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﲇ اﻟﻌﺮاق أزاذوار ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ُﺟ َﻮ ْﻳﻦ َو َﺑ ْﻴ َﻬـﻖ‪ ،‬وآﺧـﺮ ﺣـﺪودﻫﺎ ﳑﱠـﺎ ﻳـﲇ اﳍﻨـﺪ ﻃﺨﺎرﺳـﺘﺎن وﻏﺰﻧـﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎن وﻛﺮ َﻣﺎن‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ إﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ أﻃﺮاف ﺣﺪودﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ أﻣﻬـﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺒﻼد ِﻣﻨْ َﻬـﺎ ﻧﻴﺴـﺎﺑﻮر وﻫـﺮاة وﻣـﺮو‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻵن إﻳﺮان وأﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن وﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻵن ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ِﰲ ﺷ َﲈل ﴍق إﻳﺮان‪ ،‬ﺗ ﱠﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺆ ﱠﺧ ًﺮا إِ َﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺎت ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷوﱃ ‪ :‬ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن اﻟﺸﲈﻟﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺎت إﻳﺮان اﻹﺣـﺪی واﻟﺜﻼﺛـﲔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻔـﺮس ﻳﺸـﻜﻠﻮن ‪ %50‬ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻜﺎن ﺑﻴـﻨﲈ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﱰﻛﲈﻧﻴﺔ ‪ %30‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‪ ،‬و اﻷﻛﺮاد ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮن ‪ %20‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن اﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺎت إﻳﺮان اﻹﺣﺪی واﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﲑﺟﻨﺪ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮس‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎك أﻗﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮب اﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺎت إﻳﺮان اﻹﺣﺪی واﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‪-‬أی ﺗﻮس‪ ،-‬وﻓﻴﻬﺎ دﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﳼ اﻟﺮﺿﺎ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أﻛﱪ اﳌﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت اﻹﻳﺮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﯽ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.2006‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈــ ْﺮ ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺠــ َﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠــ َﺪان‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻴــﺎ ُﻗﻮت ا َﳊ َﻤــ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(401 /2) ،‬وﻣﻮﻗــ َﻊ وﻳﻜﺒﻴــﺪﻳﺎ اﳌﻮﺳــﻮﻋﺔ اﳊــﺮة َﻋــ َﲆ اﻟﺸــﺒﻜﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴــﺔ‬ ‫‪.ar.m.wikipedia.org‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻛﺘِ َﺐ َ ْﲢﺖ َﺣ ْﺮف ا َﳊﺎء ِﰲ )ب( ﺣﺮف ﺣﺎء ﺻﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺷﺎء\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺬي ُﻳ ُﻮﻟِ َﺪ َأ ْﻋﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ ﺟﺎء اﻟ َﻜ َﻤﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُﻳ َﺮا ُد ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﻤﻰ اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِرض‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(148/4) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(984/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( ﻓﻬﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺷﻌﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﳌﺘﻨﺒﻲ ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ )ص ‪.(343‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬

‫إِ ْن َﺗ َﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ إِ َﻣﺎ ُﻣ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻮ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻳ ْﻠ َﻘـﻰ إِ َﻟ ْﻴـ ِﻪ ِز َﻣﺎ ُﻣـ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ِﴫـﻳ ِﻒ)‪َ (1‬ﻓ ِﻤﻨْـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ َﻔﺎ ُد َأ ْو َزاﻧﻪ وﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎ ُذ َﻋ َﲆ ا َْﳊ ِﻘﻴﻘ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ َﻓ َﻜ ْﻢ ا ْﺳ َﺘ ْﻨ َﺒ َﻂ َو َأ ْو َﺿـﺢ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﺣﺎﻓِ ُﻆ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻣﺎ ِن‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ َﻠ ِﻞ َﻓ ِﻤ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﻀ ِﻌﻴ ِﻔ ِﻪ اﻷَ َﻣﺎن‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ اﻷُ ْﺳـ َﺘﺎ ُذ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻹﻃﻼق)‪ ،(2‬ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ ﺑﲔ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ َﻘ َﺘ ْﻲ ُﺧ َﺮا َﺳﺎن َواﻟ ِﻌ َﺮاق)‪َ ،(3‬وا ُﳌ ْﻈ َﻬ ُﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌَ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮ ِص َﻣﺎ َﱂْ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ِﳊ َﺴﺎ ِب‪ ،‬واﻵ ِﰐ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﻌﻠ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴫ ِف‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ِﻋ ْﻠ ٌﻢ ﺑِ ُﺄ ُﺻﻮ ٍل ﻳﻌﺮف ﲠﺎ أﺣﻮال أﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟ َﻜ ِﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺈﻋﺮاب‪ ،‬ﻓِﻴﺘﻌ ﱠﻠﻖ ﺑِﺒِﻨْ َﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ و َﻣـﺎ‬ ‫و َﻣﺎ ﳊﺮوﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ِز َﻳﺎ َدة وأﺻﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻﺤﺔ واﻋﺘﻼل‪ ،‬وﺷﺒﻪ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﻣﺘﻌ ﱢﻠﻘـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻠـ َﲈت ‪ :‬اﻷﺳـ َﲈء اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ اﳊـﺮوف‪،‬‬ ‫واﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِﻴﺔ ِﰲ ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ِﴫﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺟﺐ‪ )،‬ص‪ ،(6‬وإﳚﺎز اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ِﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﴫﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪) ،‬ص‪.(6‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻹﻃﻼق\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ( ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِـ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋـﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴـﻴﻖ‪ ،‬و َﻫـ َﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣ ٌﻆ َﻛﺜِﲑا ِﰲ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻻﺣ ًﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ُﺔ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ‪ُ :‬ﺗ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ا َﳌ َﺮا ِو َزة‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﺘﻬﺖ رﺋﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ إﱃ أﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﻋﺒـﺪ اﷲ ﺑـﻦ أﲪـﺪ اﳌﺸـﻬﻮر ﺑﺎﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻔـﺎ ِل‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻐﲑ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أﻋﻼﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﴈ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺷﻴﺦ ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﱄ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﲈؤﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ َﻣ ُﺮو وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪن ُﺧﺮاﺳﺎن؛ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﺗﺎر ًة ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﺮاﺳﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬وﺗﺎرة ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﳌﺮاوزة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاق ‪ :‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﺘﻬﺖ رﺋﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ آ ِﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺮاﺑِﻊ وأول اﻟﻘﺮن اﳋﺎﻣﺲ إﱃ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ أﰊ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ اﻹﺳـﻔﺮاﺋﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣـﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎن أﺑﻮ اﻟﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻄﱪي‪ ،‬وأﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ اﳌﺎوردي‪ ،‬وﺳـﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ اﻟﻌـﺮاﻗﻴﲔ ﻷن أﺋﻤﺘﻬـﺎ ﺳـﻜﻨﻮا ﺑﻐـﺪاد وﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ اﻫﺘﻤﺖ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎن ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﻧﺼﻮص اﻹﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳ ِﻊ ﻋـﲆ ُأ ُﺻـﻮﻟِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬إﻻ َأ ﱠن ُﻛـ ﱠﻞ َوا ِﺣـﺪ ٍة ﻣـﻨﻬﲈ اﻣﺘـﺎز ْت َﻋـ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﺼﻔ ٍﺔ وﻣﺰﻳ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻓ ﱠﺮ َق اﻟﻨﻮوي ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﻓﻘـﺎل ‪\" :‬واﻋﻠـ ْﻢ أن َﻧ ْﻘـ َﻞ أﺻـﺤﺎﺑِﻨﺎ اﻟ ِﻌـ َﺮا ِﻗﻴﲔ ﻟﻨﺼـﻮ ِص اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮاﻋ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ووﺟﻮ ِه ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﻲ أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ أﺗﻘ ُﻦ وأﺛﺒ ُﺖ ﻣﻦ َﻧ ْﻘ ِﻞ اﳋﺮاﺳـﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻏﺎﻟ ًﺒـﺎ‪ ،‬واﳋﺮاﺳـﺎﻧﻴﻮن َأ ْﺣ َﺴـ ُﻦ َﺗ َ ﱡﴫـ ًﻓﺎ َو َﺑ ْﺤ ًﺜـﺎ‬ ‫َو َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺮﻳ ًﻌﺎ و َﺗ ْﺮﺗﻴ ًﺒﺎ ﻏﺎﻟ ًﺒﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺗﻔﻮق اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ إﱃ أﳖﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ٌة ﰲ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻧﺸﺄة ا َﳌ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ وﺑﻴﺌﺘﻪ وﻳﺮﺟﻌـﻮن ﺗﻔـﻮق اﳌﺪرﺳـﺔ‬ ‫اﳋﺮاﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ إﱃ أ ﱠن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﻴ ٌﺌﺔ ﺟﺪﻳ ٌﺪة ﱂ ﻳﻌﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ واﺿﻊ ا َﳌ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳ ْﻔ ِﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺎدات أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﴫف واﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ واﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﲆ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم ﰲ اﳊﻮادث واﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﳉﺪﻳﺪة ِﻗ َﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻧﻈﺎﺋ ِﺮﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ أﻓﺘﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﺎم رﲪﻪ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺋﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱠﻴﺔ ﳑﻦ در َس ﰲ إﺣﺪى اﳌﺪرﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ اﲡ َﻪ اﲡﺎ ًﻫﺎ َﻳﻨْ ُﺤﻮ َﻧ ْﺤ َﻮ ا َﳉ ْﻤ ِﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄـﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻘـ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﲈ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ ِﺟﻴ ِﺢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﲈ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺎر ًة ُﻳ َﺮ ﱢﺟ ُﺢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ َﺔ ا ُﳋ َﺮا َﺳﺎﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬وﺗﺎرة ُﻳ َﺮ ﱢﺟ ُﺢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ َﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ رؤو ِس ﻫـﺆﻻء اﳉـﺎﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ‪ ،‬اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ ﻋﲇ اﻟ ﱢﺴ ْﻨ ِﺠ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أول ﻣﻦ َ َﲨ َﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻔﻮ َرا ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬وا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺠﻤﻮ َع َ ْﴍح اﳌﻬﺬب‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﻮوي‪ ،(69 /1) ،‬واﻻﺑﺘﻬﺎ َج ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﺻـﻄﻼح اﳌﻨﻬـﺎج‪ ،‬ﻷﲪـﺪ ﺑـﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ اﳊﴬـﻣﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(668‬وﺗﺘﻤ َﺔ اﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮوع اﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﱄ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(111-109‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ أﻳﻤﻦ اﳊﺮﰊ‪- ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪.-‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬

‫ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﺑ َﺤﺎ ِث ﺑِ َﲈ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺘ ِﴤ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ُﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ َﺠﺎب‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ اﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻨﺴﻴﻨﺎ أﺧﺒﺎر اﺑـﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﰲ ا ِﳋـ َﻼف‬ ‫َوا َﳉ َﺪ ِل ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َ ْﳛ ُﺼ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﻜ َﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ﻟ َﺴﺎ ِﻣ ِﻌ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻘ ِﺮﻳﺒ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ اﻷَ ْﻓ َﻬـﺎ ِم ا ِﳉـ ْﺬ َل)‪ ،(1‬وإن َﺗ َﻜ ﱠﻠـ َﻢ ِﰲ اﻟـ َﻮ ْﻋ ِﻆ واﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺼـ ﱡﻮ ِف‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻼ ُﻣ ُﻪ إﻟﻴﻪ ا ُﳌﻨْ َﺘ َﻬﻰ‪ ،‬وﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻴﻌﺎد‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ُﳌ ْﺨ َﺘﺎ ُر)‪ (2‬وا ُﳌ ْﺸ َﺘ َﻬﻰ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺧ َﺘ َﻢ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮءا َن اﻟ َﻌﻈِﻴ َﻢ ﺑِ ِﻤﻴ َﻌﺎ ِد ِه‪َ ،‬و َأ َﺗﻰ ﻓِﻴﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﻋ ِﻆ)‪ (3‬ﺑ َﲈ َﻳ ُﻜﻮ ُن إن ﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ َﺳ َﺒ ًﺒﺎ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻌﺎ ِده‪.‬‬ ‫َﻟــ ُﻪ ِﰲ ُﻛــ ﱢﻞ ِﻋ ْﻠــ ٍﻢ ﺑِﺎ َْﳉ ِﻤﻴـــ ِﻊ‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم ﺑِ َﺤ ْﻴ ُﺚ ُﻳ ْﻘ َﴣـ‬ ‫ُوﻟِ َﺪ ِﰲ َﺛﺎ ِﲏ َﻋ َﴩ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺎن اﳌُ َﻜ ﱠﺮم‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻨﺔ َأ ْرﺑﻊ و ِﻋ ْ ِﴩﻳﻦ َو َﺳ ْﺒ ُﻌ َﲈ َﺋﺔ‪ ،‬وﺣﻔـ َﻆ اﻟ ُﻘـﺮءا َن اﻟ َﻌﻈِـﻴ َﻢ ِﰲ ِﺻـ َﻐ ِﺮهِ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﺧ َﺘ َﻤ ُﻪ و ُﻫ َﻮ اﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺑِ َﺒ َﻠ ِﺪ ِه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺣ ِﻔ َﻆ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻃِﺒِ ﱠﻴ َﺔ)‪/3 ،(4‬أ َوا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮ َر ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪َ ،(1‬واﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِ َﻴ َﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻓِﻴ َﺔ ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ)‪َ ،(2‬و ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َ َﴫ اﺑـﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺟـﺐ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻷُ ُﺻﻮل)‪.(3‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي ُﻳ َﺼﺎ ُر إِ َﱃ رأﻳﻪ و ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺸ ِﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ اﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(94/6) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(386/3) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(438/1‬واﻟﻨﱢ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْ َﻷ َﺛ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻷَﺛِﲑ‪.(251/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"اﳌﺨﺘﺎ\" ﺑﺪون راء‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬و َﻗ ْﻔ ُﺖ ﻟﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا َﳌ َﺠﺎ ِﻟ ِﺲ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﳐﻄﻮ ٌط ﻓﻴﻪ َ َﳎﺎ ِﻟ َﺲ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ُﻳ ْﻤـِﲇ ﻓِﻴ َﻬـﺎ اﻟـ َﻮ ْﻋ َﻆ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺮ َﻗـﺎﺋِ َﻖ‪َ ،‬و َو َر َد ِﰲ َﺻـ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌﻨْ َﻮان أﳖﺎ ‪ 18‬ﳎﻠ ًﺴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ‪ 17‬ﳎﻠ ًﺴﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ِﰲ اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﺑ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ ،(1465‬وﻋﺪد أوراﻗﻪ‬ ‫)‪107‬ق(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻛﺘِ َﺒ ْﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻃِﺒﻴﺔ \"ﻃﺒﻴﺔ\" َﻋ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ِﰲ )أ( ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﺘ ُﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ٍﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣ ٍﺔ ﺑﺤﺮ ِز اﻷ َﻣﺎﲏ ووﺟﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻬﺎﲏ ِﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ،‬وﻋ ﱠﺪ ُ َﲥﺎ أﻟﻒ و َﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺛﻼﺛـﺔ وﺳـﺒﻌﻮن ﺑﻴ ًﺘـﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻧ َﻈ َﻤﻬـﺎ َأ ُﺑـﻮ‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻓِ ﱡﲑه ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ َﺧ َﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱡﺮ َﻋ ْﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﻷﻧﺪﻟ ّﴘ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻃﺒ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠ ِﴬـﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ ْﻘـ ِﺮئ‪ ،‬وﻓِـ ﱡﲑه ﺑﻜﴪـ اﻟﻔـﺎء‬ ‫وﺳﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﺎء اﳌﺜﻨﺎة ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ و َﺗ ْﺸ ِﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮاء و َﺿ ﱢﻤ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ا ْﺳ ٌﻢ َأ ْﻋ َﺠ َﻤ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻘﺎل ﺗﻔﺴﲑه ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎن ‪ :‬وﻗﻴﻞ إ ﱠن اﺳ َﻤﻪ وﻛﻨﻴ َﺘﻪ َوا ِﺣﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِﻦ َو َﺟﺪ ُت ِﰲ إﺟﺎزا ِت أﺷﻴﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻪ ‪َ \" :‬أ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﻨﺎه اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ ﺑﺄﰊ‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ وأﰊ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺤ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َن ﻋﺎ َﳌﺎ ﺑ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب اﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ﻗﺮاء ًة وﺗﻔﺴ ًﲑا‪ ،‬وﺑ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ رﺳﻮ ِل اﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻣﱪ ًزا ﻓِﻴﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن إذا ُﻗ ِﺮ َئ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َو ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠﻢ َوا ُﳌ َﻮ ﱠﻃﺄ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﺤ ُﺢ اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺴ َﺦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺣ ْﻔ ِﻈﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﻤِﲆ اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﻜﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﺿﻊ ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َأ ْو َﺣـ ًﺪا ِﰲ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤـ ِﻮ‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎر ًﻓﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴ َﻦ اﳌﻘﺎﺻ ِﺪ ﳐﻠ ًﺼﺎ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻳﻘﻮل وﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪590‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﺪع ِﰲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺘﻪ ﻫﺬه ﻛﻞ اﻹﺑﺪاع‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪ َة ُﻗ ﱠﺮا ِء ز َﻣﺎﳖﺎ ِﰲ ﻧﻘﻠﻬـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـ ﱠﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻳﺸـﺘﻐ ُﻞ ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات إﻻ وﻳﻘـﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠ ٌﺔ َﻋ َﲆ رﻣﻮ ٍز َﻋ ِﺠﻴﺒ ٍﺔ وإﺷـﺎرا ٍت َﺧ ِﻔﻴـ ٍﺔ ﻟﻄﻴﻔـ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣـﺎ ُﻳ َﻈـ ﱡﻦ ﺳـﺒﻖ إِ َﱃ أﺳـﻠﻮﲠﺎ‪ ،‬واﳌـﺘﻦ ﻣﻄﺒـﻮ ٌع‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺒﻮ ٌط ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﺤ ٌﺢ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬

‫= ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ واﻟﻜﻼم َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺘِﻪ ِﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺘ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻃﺒِ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻃِﺒِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(4‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼ ِح‪/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(665‬وإﺑﺮا ِز اﳌﻌﺎﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮز اﻷ َﻣﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﻷَ ِﰊ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‪) ،‬ﻣﻦ ص‪ ،(7 – 2‬وﻓِﻴـﺎ ِت ا َﻷ ْﻋ َﻴـﺎن‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺧ ﱢﻠ َﻜـﺎن‪ ،(71/4) ،‬و ِﺳـ َ ِﲑ َأ ْﻋـ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱡ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(245/41) ،‬و ُﻧ َﻜ ِﺖ ا ِﳍﻤ َﻴﺎن ِﰲ ُﻧ َﻜ ِﺖ اﻟ ُﻌﻤﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(194) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ اﻟ ُﻜـ ْ َﱪى‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱡﺴـ ْﺒ ِﻜﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(270/7‬واﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎ ِج اﳌَ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻋﻴﺎن ﻋﻠ َﲈء ا َﳌ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻓﺮﺣﻮن‪) ،‬ص‪.(323‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ًﻼ ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر ِﰲ ﻓِ ْﻘﻪ اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﻨ َﻔﻪ إ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َﻒ ِﰲ ﻧِ ْﺴ َﺒﺘِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْرﺑﻌ ِﺔ َأ ْﻗ َﻮا ٍل ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻧِ ْﺴ َﺒ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ َراﻓِ َﻌﺎن َﺑ ْﻠ َﺪ ٌة ﻣﻦ ﺑِ َﻼ ِد َﻗ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻦ‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا َﻗ ْﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي‪ ،‬وﻧﻘﻠﻪ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻨ ِﻮ ﱡي وﻏﲑه َﻋﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟـﻴﺲ ﻛـ َﲈ أوﻫـﻢ ُﳏ ﱢﻘـ ُﻖ اﳌُ َﺤـ ﱠﺮر‬ ‫وﳏﻘﻖ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﺑﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ ِﰲ َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳﺐ اﻷﺳ َﲈ ِء واﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺎ ِت ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ َﻣﺎ َﺗ ْﺮ َﺟ َﻢ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وواﻓﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي اﺑـﻦ ﻧـﺎﴏ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸـﻘﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل‬ ‫اﻟ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ ‪ :‬و َأ ْﻧ َﻜ ُﺮوه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻨ ِﻮ ّي ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ِة َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل ‪ :‬إ ﱠن راﻓِ َﻌﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌـ ّﻲ ﺑـﺎﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ّﰊ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈ ﱠن ا َﻷﻟِـ َﻒ‬ ‫َواﻟﻨﱡﻮ َن ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻻﺳﻢ ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ َﻛ َﻴﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱢﻨ ْﺴ َﺒ ِﺔ ِﰲ آ ِﺧ ِﺮه ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻓ َﺮاﻓِ َﻌﺎن ﻧِ ْﺴ َﺒ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ َراﻓِﻊ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ﻣﻌﻘ ًﺒـﺎ ‪ُ :‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ إ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻨـﻮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻦ ﺑﻠﺪة ُﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﳍﺎ َراﻓِ َﻌﺎن‪ ،‬وﻻ َراﻓِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ ﺟ ٍﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﻟﻪ راﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻹﺳﻨﻮي َﻋﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ِة َﺟ َﻼ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ َأ ِﰊ راﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﱃ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﺎه اﺑﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ َراﻓِ ِﻊ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺧ ِﺪﻳﺞ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺐ َر ُﺳﻮل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ُﺳﺌِﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ َﻗ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻦ َﻋﻦ ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ؟ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻄﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪي ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺪ ِوﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ أﺧﺒﺎر َﻗ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻦ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب إِ َﱃ راﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ َﺧ ِﺪﻳﺞ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل رﻛﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺤ ُﻪ اﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ وﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺮاﺟ ُﺢ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ﻋﺪاه َﻣ ْﺮ ُدو ٌد‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك َأ ْﻋ َﺮ َف ﺑﺎﳌَ ْﺮ ِء ِﻣﻦ َﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻮﰊ ‪ :‬ورأﻳﺖ ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻮارﻳﺦ أ ﱠن ا ْﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ َراﻓِﻊ ﻓﻼ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻻﺳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﳌﺆرﺧﲔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺮا ِﺟ ُﺢ ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﻟﻨﱡ َﺤﺎة ﻋﻜﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻗﻮل ‪ :‬و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻜﻠ ُﻢ َﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻮﰊ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻮارﻳ ِﺦ إﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ واﻟﺪه وﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺪ ُأ ْﻟﺒِ َﺲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﺎر ًﻋﺎ ﻣﺘﺒﺤ ًﺮا‪ ،‬و ُ ْﳎ َﺘ ِﻬ َﺪ ز َﻣﺎﻧﻪ ِﰲ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ‪َ -‬ر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ اﷲِ‪َ ،-‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِ ﱡﻲ ‪\" :‬ﻛﺄﻧ َﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ُﻪ ﻣﻴ ًﺘﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﻴﺎه وأﻧﴩـه\"‪ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫زاﻫ ًﺪا‪َ ،‬و ِر ًﻋﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮاﺿ ًﻌﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳ َﺚ اﻟ َﻜﺜِﲑ‪ ،‬و ُﺗ َﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﰲ ﺣﺪود َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪623‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪624 :‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ودﻓ َﻦ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر ِﰲ ﻓِ ْﻘ ِﻪ اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢﺪﻣـﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱢﻘﻘـﻪ )ص‪ ،(3‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘـﻪ ِﰲ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥـ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ ا َﻷ ْﺳـ َﲈ ِء َواﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱠـ َﻮ ِو ّي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(264/4‬و ِﺳ َ ِﲑ َأ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺒ َﻼ ِء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(273 /42) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻮردي‪ ،(145 /2) ،‬وﻓـﻮا ِت اﻟﻮﻓِﻴـﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺒـﻲ‪/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(376‬واﻟ َﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮﻓِ ﱠﻴﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(63/19) ،‬وﻣﺮآ ِة اﳉﻨﺎ ِن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻴﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،(56/4) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْ ِﻺ ْﺳ َﻨ ِﻮي‪) ،‬ص‪،(189‬‬ ‫و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ ﻋﻠ َﲈء َﺑ ْﻐ َﺪاد ا ُﳌ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﺑﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ راﻓـﻊ اﻟﺴـﻼﻣﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(80‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻛﺜِـﲑ‪،(746/2) ،‬‬ ‫و َﺗ ْﻮ ِﺿﻴ ِﺢ اﳌُ ْﺸ َﺘﺒ ِﻪ ِﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ أﺳ َﲈء اﻟﺮواة وأﻧﺴﺎﲠﻢ وأﻟﻘﺎﲠﻢ وﻛﻨﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻧﺎ ِ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪ ،(96/4) ،‬واﻟ َﺒـ ْﺪ ِر اﳌُﻨِـﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﳌُ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ‪ ،(318 /1) ،‬وﺣﺎﺷﻴ ِﺔ َﻗ ْﻠ ُﻴﻮ ِ ّﰊ َﻋ َﲆ َ ْﴍح َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﳌَ َﺤ ﱢ ّﲇ َﻋ َﲆ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎج اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻟﺒِﲔ‪ ،(9/1) ،‬و ُﻟ ﱢﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﺒﺎ ِب ِﰲ َ ْﲢ ِﺮﻳ ِﺮ اﻷﻧﺴﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪=.(342/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬

‫َﺟﺎ َء ِﰲ ِﺻ َﻐ ِﺮه إِ َﱃ اﻟﺒِﻼدِ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِر ُف َو ِ ﱡﱄ ا ِﷲ ﺳﻴﺪي ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ ﺑـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ﱠزاق‪َ ،‬و َﻗـﺎ َل ﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮ ٌع َﻋ َﲆ رﻛﺒﺘِﻪ ‪ :‬إ ﱠن َﻫ َﺬا ﳚﻲ ُء ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻋﺎﱂٌ ﻛﺒ ٌﲑ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﺮاء‪ ،‬و َﺣ َ َﴬ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِر ُف َو ِ ﱡﱄ ا ِﷲ ِﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ َﻧ ِﻮ ّي)‪ (3‬إِ َﱃ ﺑﻠ ِﺪه و ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ِﻐ ٌﲑ‪ ،‬و َﺑ ﱠ َﴩ ﺑﻨﺤ ِﻮ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ ِﺪ َم اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ َة ِﰲ َﺳﻨَ ِﺔ ﺳ ٍﺖ وﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬واﺟﺘﻤ َﻊ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺗ ِﻘـ ﱢﻲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴـﺒْﻜِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﺑﻘـﺎﴈ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ِة َﺟ َﻼ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨِ ّﻲ)‪ ،(4‬وأﺗﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﻣﻊ ِﺻ َﻐ ِﺮ ِﺳﻨﱢ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ِﰲ َﺳـﻨَﺔ ﺛـ َﲈ ٍن وﺛﻼﺛـﲔ ُﻣ ْﺴـ َﺘ ْﻮﻃِ ًﻨﺎ‪ ،‬واﻧﻌﻜﻔـ ْﺖ‬ ‫= )‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ َﻧ ْﻈ ٌﻢ ُﻣﻮ َﺟﺰ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺤ ِﻮ‪َ ،‬ﻧ َﻈ َﻤﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ ﳊﻔ ِﻆ ُﺗﺮاث اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑِ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﳛﺘﻮي َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ وﲬﺴﲔ وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ وأﻟ ِﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ اﻷَﺑﻴـﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗـﺪ‬ ‫ﻧ ﱠﺺ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﴏاﺣ ًﺔ ِﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ َﻓ ْﺼ ِﻞ \"اﻵﻟﺔ\"‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُﻓ ُﺼﻮ ِل ا ُﻷ ْر ُﺟﻮ َزة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺟـﺎءت ﻣﻘﺪﻣـ ُﺔ ا ُﻷ ْر ُﺟـﻮز ِة ِﰲ ﺳـﺒﻌ ِﺔ َﻋ َ َﴩـ َﺑ ْﻴ ًﺘـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وا ِﳋ َﺘﺎ ُم ِﰲ ﲬﺴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﺧﺘ ﱠﺺ ﺑﺎ َﳌﺎد ِة اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻗ َﺴﻢ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻈ َﻢ إِ َﱃ ﺳﺘ ٍﺔ وﺳﺘﲔ ﺑﺎ ًﺑﺎ واﺛﻨﲔ وﺳﺘﲔ َﻓ ْﺼ ًﻼ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َ ْﴍﺣ َﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َأ ْﻛ َﻤ ُﻞ َو َأ ْﺷ َﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ ا َﻷ ْﻟ ِﻔﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﴍ َح اﻟ َﻜﺎﻓِﻴﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِﻴﺔ ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﳌﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ )ص‪.(51 -36‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َ ٌﴫ ﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎ ٍب َأ ﱠﻟﻔﻪ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َﻤﻪ ﺑـ \"ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ اﻟﺴﺆل واﻷﻣﻞ ِﰲ ِﻋ ْﻠﻤﻲ ا ُﻷ ُﺻﻮل واﳉﺪل\"‪ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻐ ﱢﻠـ ُﺐ ﳏ ِﻘ ُﻘـ ُﻪ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻳﺮ َﲪﺎدو أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴ َﺔ ﻟﻴﺴ ْﺖ ﻣﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺟﺐ؛ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻄ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﺧﻄﺒ ِﺔ ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫ ا ُﳌﻨﺘﻬﻰ ‪َ ...\" :‬ﺻﻨﱠﻔ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﳐﺘ ًﴫا ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﺧﺘﴫﺗﻪ َﻋ َﲆ وﺟ ٍﻪ ﺑﺪﻳ ٍﻊ‪ ،‬وﺳﺒﻴ ٍﻞ ﻣﻨﻴ ٍﻊ\"‪ ،‬و َﻳ ْﻘ ِﺼ ُﺪ ﺑﺎﳌُ ْﺨ َﺘ َﴫ اﻷَ ﱠول ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ا ُﳌﻨﺘﻬﻰ‪ ،‬و َﳍ َﺬا ﺳ ﱠﻤﻰ اﺑ ُﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ‬ ‫ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫ ا ُﳌ ْﺨ َﺘ َﴫ ﺑﺎﳌُ ْﺨ َﺘ َﴫ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻐ ِﲑ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ ُ :‬ﳐ َﺘ َﴫ ُﻣ ْﻨ َﺘ َﻬﻰ اﻟ ﱡﺴﺆل َواﻷَ َﻣﻞ ِﰲ ِﻋ ْﻠﻤﻲ ا ُﻷ ُﺻﻮل وا َﳉ َﺪل‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺟﺐ‪ ،‬وﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﳏﻘﻘـﻪ‪) ،‬ﻣـﻦ ص‪ ،(160 -157‬و ُ ْﲢ َﻔـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِ ِﺐ ﺑ َﻤ ْﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫ اﺑﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ‪) ،‬ص‪.(79‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﻮي‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ ﻓﺮﻧﻮة‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﲑ ِة‪ ،‬أﺣ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬا َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪َ -‬ر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ ا ِﷲ‪ ،-‬وﱂ أﻗ ْﻒ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ذﻛ ِﺮ ِه ِﻋﻨْﺪ أﺣ ٍﺪ َﻏ ْﲑ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪َ -‬ر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ ا ِﷲ‪.-‬‬ ‫إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(408/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ ﻛﺒ ُﲑ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻴ ُﺐ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪َ ،‬ﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺎه اﻟ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ّﲇ ِﰲ اﻷﻋﻼم ﺧﻄ ًﺄ ﺑِﺄﰊ اﳌَ َﻌﺎﱄ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨﻲ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ‪ُ -‬ﻳﻨْ َﺴﺐ إِ َﱃ َأ ِﰊ ُد َﻟﻒ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﺠِ ّﲇ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ ‪ ،-‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑـ ُﻦ َﻛﺜِـﲑ ِﰲ َذﻟِـ َﻚ‪ :‬زﻋـﻢ‬ ‫َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُوﻟِ َﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺻﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪666‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وأ ْﺻ ُﻠ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻗ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻓﺼﻴ ًﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻠ َﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺮ ُف اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ﱠﰊ واﻟﻌﺠﻤـ ﱠﻲ واﻟﱰﻛـ ﱠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠـﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ﱡﺼـﻮ َرة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻃ َﺄ اﻷﻛﻨﺎف‪ ،‬ﺳﻤ ًﺤﺎ ﺟﻮا ًدا ﺣﻠﻴ ًﲈ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﱠﻢ اﻟ َﻔ َﻀﺎﺋِ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎ ﱠد اﻟﺬﻫﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻳ َﺮا ِﻋﻲ ﻗﻮاﻋ َﺪ اﻟ َﺒﺤ ِﺚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻮ ﱠﻗـ ُﺪ ِذﻫﻨُـﻪ َذ َﻛـﺎ ًء‪ُ ،‬ﺗـ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﺑ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸـﻖ َﺳـﻨَﺔ‬ ‫‪739‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻮﻓِﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َراﻓِﻊ‪ ،(258/1) ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ َ ِﱪ ِﰲ َﺧ َ ِﱪ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ َﱪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(113/4) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ اﻟ ُﻜـ ْ َﱪى‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻟﻠ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِﻲ‪ ،(158/9) ،‬واﻟ َﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮﻓِ ﱠﻴﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(199/3) ،‬وﻣﺮآ ِة اﳉﻨﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻴﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،(301 /4) ،‬واﻟﺒﺪاﻳـ ِﺔ واﻟﻨﱢ َﻬﺎ َﻳـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻛﺜِـﲑ‪ ،(185/14) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴـ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـﺔ ُد َو ِل اﳌُ ُﻠـﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(470/2/2) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(286/2‬و َر ْﻓ ِﻊ ا ِﻹ ْ ِﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(366‬واﻷَ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ّﲇ‪.(192/6) ،‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬

‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﻠﺒ ُﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻐﺎ ِل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﺮ ًة وﻋﺸﻴﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ُﻳﻠﻘﻲ ا َﳊﺎ ِوي اﻟ ﱠﺼﻐ َﲑ)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ اﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم اﻟﻴَ ِﺴﲑ ِة‪َ ،‬و َو َﺻ َﻞ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ إِ َﱃ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َأ ْﻟ َﻘـﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻷَ ْزﻫ ِﺮ ِﰲ ﺛ َﲈﻧﻴﺔ أﻳﺎم‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﳑﻦ َ ْﳛ ُﴬ ِﻋﻨْﺪه ِﰲ َﺟﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻷَ ْزﻫ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ َﻓ ْﺨـ ُﺮ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑـﻦ َﺟ ْﻮ َﺷـﻦ)‪ (2‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ ِﻣـ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِﻛﺒَﺎ ِر أوﻟﻴﺎ ِء اﷲِ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠﺎ َء َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َو َأ ْﺧ َ َﱪ اﳉ َﲈﻋ َﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْر ِس أ ْن َر َأى اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴْ َﻠ َﺔ ﻗﺎﺋ ًﻼ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ ِ َﴎاج اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِو ْر ٌد ﳌـﻦ َو َرد‬ ‫ﻓِﺈِ ْن َﻳ ُﻚ َز ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻇ ﱞﻦ)‪ (3‬ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤـ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺸ ُﲑ إِ َﱃ َز ْﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻜ ْﺘﻨﺎ ّﲏ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن َﻗﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎةِ ِﻋ ﱡﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﺑ ُﻦ َﲨﺎﻋﺔ)‪ (5‬ﻳﻌ ﱢﻈ ُﻤﻪ َو ُﻳ َﺒﺎﻟِ ُﻎ ِﰲ ﺗﻌﻈﻴ ِﻤﻪ ِﺟﺪا‪ ،‬و َﺣ ﱠﺞ ِﰲ َﺳـ َﻨ ِﺔ أرﺑﻌـﲔ َﻣـﻊ‬ ‫َواﻟِ ِﺪه‪َ ،‬وا ْﺟ َﺘ َﻤ َﻊ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺻﻼح اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ َﻌﻼﺋِ ّﻲ ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻘ ْﺪ ِس اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ ِﻒ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺣ ﱠﺞ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَ ِﺔ ﺗﺴ ٍﻊ وأرﺑﻌﲔ وﺣـﺪه ﻟ ُﺮ ْؤ َﻳـﺎ‬ ‫َرآﻫﺎ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ اﻟ ِﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗ َﻊ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺻﺎ َﻫ َﺮ)‪َ (6‬ﺷ ْﻴ َﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم َ َﲠﺎ َء اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑـﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴـﻞ ِﰲ َﺳـﻨَﺔ اﺛﻨـ ِﲔ‬ ‫َو َﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻧﺎ َب َﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎ ِء ﺑﺎﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة َو ِﻣ ْ َﴫ ﱠﳌﺎ َوﻟِﻴ َﻬﺎ َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم َﺳـﻨَﺔ ﺗﺴـ ٍﻊ وﲬﺴـﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘـ َﺐ َﻟـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﺑﻌ ِﺾ َﺗ َﺼﺎﻧﻴ ِﻔ ِﻪ \"أﺣ ﱡﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِس ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َﻮى ِﰲ َز َﻣﺎﻧِ ِﻪ\"‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺷﺎ َﻫ ﱡﺪ ُت َﺧ ﱠﻄﻪ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻟﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﱂَ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘ ُﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ َ ْﴍ ًﺣﺎ؟ َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻊ ا ﱢﺗ َﻔﺎ ِق)‪ (7‬اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎس ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻣﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ َﺦ‬ ‫َ َﲠﺎ َء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﺮﺟﻮ ُع إﻟﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻋﻠ ِﻢ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻌﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻐ ﱠﻔﺎر ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎﻟِﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻋﺜ َﲈن ﺑﻦ َﺟ ْﻮ َﺷﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱡﺴﻌﻮ ِدي‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ُﻳ ْﻘ َﺼ ُﺪ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎر ِة واﻟﺘﱪ ِك ﺑﻪ إِ َﱃ أن ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪707‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(415/7) ،‬واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،(180/8) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ َك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠـﻮك‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(42/1/2) ،‬وﻋﻘ َﺪ اﳉ َﲈن ِﰲ َﺗﺎ ِرﻳﺦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﺰ َﻣﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻌ ْﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.(472/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ ﻫﻜﺬا ﰲ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻞ اﻟﺼﻮاب \" َﺿ ﱠﻦ\" ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺨﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﳊﺮم ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪738‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺪ َر َر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(161/3) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪.(276 /2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱢﺪث‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳ ِﺰ ﺑ ُﻦ َﺑ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ َﲨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ ِﻜﻨَﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ َﻤ ِﻮ ّي‬ ‫ا َﻷ ْﺻﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ اﳌ ْﻮﻟِ َﺪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ‪767‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠ ِﻢ ﳏـﺪﺛﻲ اﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(319‬واﻟـ َﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮﻓﻴـﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(342 /18) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱡﺴـ ْﺒﻜِﻲ‪ ،(79/10) ،‬و َذ ْﻳـ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘـ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(131/2) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(101/3‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(378/2) ،‬وا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(300/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﺛﻢ ﺻﺎﻫﺮ\" ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )أ( \"اﺗﻔﺎن\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬

‫َو َو ِ َﱄ)‪ (1‬ﺗﺪرﻳ َﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِو َﻳ ِﺔ)‪ (2‬ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓﺎ ِة اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺦ َ َﲠﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َﺳـﻨَﺔ ﺗﺴـ ٍﻊ وﺳـﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن َو ِ َﱄ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬ ‫َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺗﺪرﻳ َﺲ ا ِﳊ َﺠﺎ ِز ﱠﻳ ِﺔ ﻓﺈن وا ِﻗ َﻔﺘﻬﺎ َﻋ ﱠﻤ َﺮﲥﺎ ﻷﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﺪرﻳ َﺲ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﺮﻳ ِﺔ ﻓﺈن واﻗ َﻔ َﻬﺎ َﻋ ﱠﻤ َﺮﻫﺎ ﻷﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﺳﺎﻛ ًﻨﺎ ﲠـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﱠ ْﺼ ِﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ِﺔ ا َﳋ ﱡﺮوﺑِﻴّ ِﺔ َﳌﺎ َﲤﱠ ْﺖ ِو َﻻ َﻳ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ ﲠﺎء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِ َﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬و َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺲ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺒِﻴ َ ْﱪ ِﺳـﻴﱠ ِﺔ)‪ُ (3‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ َﺗ َﺮ َﻛـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ َﻔ ْﺨ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ُﻜﻮﻳﻚ)‪/3 ،(4‬ب َو َأ َﺧ َﺬ ﺗﺪرﻳ َﺲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻷَ ْ َﴍﻓِ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﺼﺪﻳ ًﺮا ﺑﺎ َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َو ِ َﱄ َﻗ َﻀﺎ َء اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴ ِﺔ)‪ (6‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِم اﳌَ ْﺤ ُﺮو ِس ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺗِ ْﺴﻊ وﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓﺎ ِة َﺷ ْﻴ ِﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم َ َﲠﺎء اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َر ِ َﲪـ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﷲُِ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎ َر)‪ (7‬ﻓِﻴﻪ ِﺳ َﲑ ًة ُﻋ َﻤ ِﺮ ﱠﻳ ًﺔ)‪ (8‬وأﻗﺎ َم ﺑﻪ َﻋ ْ َﴩ َة َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻌ ِﻔ َﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻓﺄُ ْﻋ ِﻔ َﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ دﺧﻞ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺷ ﱠﻮ ُﺷﻮا ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺑِ َﻘ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ ﱠﺪ َر اﷲُ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ﺑﺈﻋﺎد ِة اﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َو ِ َﱄ َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺲ اﳌَ َﻠﻜِﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓﺎ ِة اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺦ َﲨﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴﻢ)‪ ،(1‬و َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺲ َﺟﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ ُﻃﻮ ُﻟﻮن ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓـﺎ ِة ا ْﺑﻨَـﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺴﺒْﻜِ ّﻲ)‪ ،(2‬و َﻗ َﻀﺎ َء اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌﻴّﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓﺎ ِة َ َﲠﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِ ّﻲ)‪ ،(3‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ َو ِ َﱄ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﺳ َﻔ ِﺮ ِه إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم َﻓ ْﺘـ َﻮى دا ِر‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻣﻜﺎﳖﺎ ﺑﻴﺎض ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎ َﳋ ﱠﺸﺎﺑِ ﱠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺳﻨَﺔ إﺣﺪى وﺳﺘﲔ وﺳﺘ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬وﲤـ ْﺖ ِﰲ أو ِل َﺳـ َﻨﺔ اﺛﻨﺘـﲔ وﺳـﺘﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫َﴍ َع ِﰲ ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﻟﻠ َﻤ ِﻠ ِﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻜ َﲈل ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫وا َﳊ َﻨ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺔ ُﳏ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻴ َ ْﱪس اﻟ ُﺒﻨْ ُﺪ ْﻗ َﺪا ِر ّي‪،‬‬ ‫ور ﱠﺗ َﺐ ﻟﺘﺪرﻳ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘ ﱠﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ َر ِزﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ َ َﴍف اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ ْﻣ َﻴﺎ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻹﻗﺮا ِء اﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َءات ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺮ َوا َﻳﺎ ِت ﻛ َﲈل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬وو َﻗ َﻒ ﲠﺎ َﺧ َﺰا َﻧ َﺔ ُﻛ ُﺘ ٍﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ُ :‬ﺣ ْﺴ َﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ‪.(264/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﻦ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﺎت\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻫﻮ ﻓﺨ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ِﻄﻴ ِﻒ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ َﺑ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮﻳﺘِ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪َ ،‬ﺻﺎ َﻫ َﺮ ِﻋ ﱠﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﺑـ َﻦ َﲨﺎﻋـﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻧـﺎ َب‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻨﻪ‪ ،‬و َ َﲨ َﻊ ﻟﻪ ُﻣﻌﺠ ًﲈ و َﻓ ْﻬ َﺮﺳ ًﺘﺎ ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻼ‪ ،‬و َد ﱠر َس ﺑِ ُﻘ ﱠﺒ ِﺔ ﺑﻴﱪس ﻟﻠ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱢﺪﺛﲔ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪769‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻟ ُﻪ أ ٌخ ﺑﻨﻔ ِﺲ اﻻﺳﻢ َﻟ ِﻜﻨﱠﻪ ا ْﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َﻒ َﻋﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﻘ ِﺐ واﻟ ُﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ َﻘ ُﺒﻪ ﻋﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻛﻨﻴ ُﺘﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺪ َرر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(25 ،24 /4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮاﺿ ِﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻋ ﱢﻤﺮ ْت ِﰲ زﻣ ِﻦ ا ُﳋ َﻠﻔﺎ ِء اﻟ َﻔﺎﻃِ ِﻤ ﱢﻴﲔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺎب ُز َو ْﻳ َﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎﻟِﺢ ﻃﻼﺋﻊ ﺑﻦ ُر ﱢزﻳﻚ َﳌﺎ ﺧﻴﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ اﻹ َﻣﺎم ا ُﳊ َﺴ ْﲔ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ إذ َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﻌﺴﻘﻼن ﻣﻦ َﻫ ْﺠﻤـ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻔـ ِﺮ ْﻧ ِﺞ‪َ ،‬و َﻋـ َﺰ َم َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ﻧﻘ ِﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﻨﻰ َﻫ َﺬا ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ َﻊ ﻟﻴﺪﻓ َﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ ﻓﺮ َغ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﱂ ُﻳ َﻤ ﱢﻜﻨْ ُﻪ اﳋﻠﻴﻔ ُﺔ ﻣﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ و َﻗـﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜـﻮن إﻻ َدا ِﺧـﻞ اﻟ ُﻘ ُﺼـﻮ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫـ َﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﺑﻨـﻰ‬ ‫اﳌﺸﻬﺪ اﳌﻮﺟﻮد اﻵن ودﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﻢ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻴ َﻘﺎل ‪ :‬إ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎﻟِ َﺢ َﳌﺎ ﺣﴬﺗﻪ اﻟ َﻮ َﻓﺎة َ َﲨ َﻊ َأ ْﻫ َﻠﻪ وأوﻻ َده‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﳍﻢ ِﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ وﺻﻴﺘﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﺪﻣ ُﺖ ﻗﻂ ِﰲ ﳾ ٍء ﻋﻤﻠ ُﺘﻪ إ ّﻻ ِﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ا َﻷ ﱠول‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺻﺎر ﻋﻮﻧ ًﺎ ﳍﺎ‪....،‬‬ ‫وﳌﱠﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻟ َﺰ َﻟﺔ َﺳﻨَﺔ اﺛﻨﺘﲔ وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ ﲥ ّﺪم‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻌ ﱢﻤ َﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﺪ ا َﻷ ِﻣﲑ ﺳﻴﻒ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﻤﺮ اﳉﻮﻛﻨﺪار‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َوا ِﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪(293/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪرﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺼﺎﳊﻴﺔ دﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻏﺮﺑﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﳌﺮﺷﺪﻳﺔ ودار اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻷﴍﻓﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﺪﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أﻧﺸﺄﲥﺎ ﺧﺎﺗﻮن أﺧﺖ ﻧﻮر اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أرﺳﻼن‬ ‫أرﺳﻼن ﺑﻦ أﺗﺎﺑﻚ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻮﺻﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻷﺗﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪرﳑﺖأﻛﺜﺮﻣﻦﻣﺮةأﺛﺮزﻟﺰالدﻣﺸﻖاﻟﺸﻬﲑﺳﻨﺔ‪1173‬ﻫـ‪،‬اﳌﻮاﻓﻖ‪1759‬م‪،‬أﻳﺎمﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن اﻟﻌﺜﲈﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻤﻴﺪ اﻷول‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺪارس ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﳌﺪارس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﻌﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،(96/1) ،‬وﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﺎﺳـﻤﲔ اﻟﺸـﺎم ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺸـﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴـﺔ‪www.yasmin- ،‬‬ ‫‪.alsham.com‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )ب( \"وﺳﺎر\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻋﻤﲑة\"‪=.‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬

‫دا ِر اﻟ َﻌ ْﺪ ِل ﺑِ ُﺴﺆا ِل اﻷَ ِﻣﲑ َﻳ ْﻠﺒُ َﻐﺎ ا َﳋﺎ ِﺳ ِﻜ ّﻲ)‪ (5)(4‬ﻟﻪ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ ْﻠ ُﺒ َﻐﺎ ﻳﻌﺮ ُض ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ا َﳌـﺎ َل ﻓـﻼ َﻳﺄْ ُﺧـ ُﺬ ِﻣﻨْـ ُﻪ إﻻ َﻗﻠِـﻴ ًﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫وا ِﻹ ْﻗ َﻄﺎ َع َﻓ َﻼ َﻳﺄْ ُﺧﺬه‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ ﺗﺪرﻳ َﺲ اﻷﳉﻬﻴ ِﺔﻣﻦ َوا ِﻗ ِﻔ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ َﻋ ْﺰ ِل ُﺑ ْﺮ َﻫﺎ ِن اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ َ َﲨﺎ َﻋـﺔ)‪ (1‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺰﻟَـ َﺔ‬ ‫اﻷُوﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ َﻋﺎ َد َأ ْر َﺿﺎه ﺑِ َﺘ ْﺪ ِرﻳ ِﺲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟﻄﱡﻮ ُﻟﻮ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬و َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴـ ِﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﱠﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﱠﻳـ ِﺔ ا َﳉ ِﺪﻳـﺪ ِة‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﺸـ َﻴ َﺨ ِﺔ‬ ‫=)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬ا ُﻷ َﻣـ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،‬ا ِﻹ ْﺳـﻨَ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫـ ّي‪ ،‬ا ُﻷ ُﺻـﻮ ّﱄ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺤـ ِﻮ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ُﺮو ِ ّﴈ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﺴ َﺒﻪ َﻏ ْﲑ َوا ِﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ِﻹ ْﺳﻨَﺎ ِﺋ ّﻲ أﻣﺜﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﴏ اﻟ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺒ ِﺼ ِﲑ اﳌُﻨﺘﺒﻪ‪ ،(48 /1) ،‬واﺑﻦ َﺗ ْﻐـ ِﺮي ﺑـﺮدي‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﻷن ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘﺎ – ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻨ ِﻮ ّي وا ِﻹ ْﺳﻨَﺎﺋِ ّﻲ‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ إِ ْﺳـﻨَﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ َﻜ ْ ِﴪـ ُﺛـ ﱠﻢ اﻟﺴـﻜﻮن وﻧـﻮن‬ ‫وأﻟﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮرة‪َ ،‬ﻣ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﴡ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻌﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ وراءﻫﺎ إﻻ أدﻓﻮ وأﺳﻮان ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺑﻼد اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ وﻫﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﺷﺎﻃ ِﺊ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳉﺎﻧ ِﺐ اﻟﻐﺮﰊ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َﻣ ِﺪﻳ َﻨ ٌﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ٌة َﻃ ﱢﻴﺒ ٌﺔ َﻛﺜِﲑ ُة اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺨ ِﻞ واﻟﺒﺴﺎﺗِﲔ واﻟ ﱢﺘ َﺠﺎ َرة‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪772‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ َﺪان‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻴﺎ ُﻗﻮت ا َﳊ َﻤ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(189 /1) ،‬واﻟ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ راﻓﻊ‪ ،(370/2) ،‬و َﺗ ْﻮ ِﺿﻴ َﺢ اﳌُ ْﺸ َﺘﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻧـﺎ ِ ِﴏ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪ ،(245 /1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(98 /3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر َر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨـﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،(354/2) ،‬واﳌَ ْﻨ َﻬـ َﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(242/7) ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﻔ َﺔ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻔﺔ ِﰲ َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳﺦ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨَـﺔ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩـﻳﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴـﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(673/3) ،‬وﺑﻐﻴـ َﺔ اﻟﻮﻋـﺎة ِﰲ‬ ‫َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻨﱡ َﺤﺎة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ‪.(92/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﳘﺎ اﺑﻨﺎ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ اﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر َﺗ ِﻘﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ا َﻷ ّول ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ‪ :‬ﻛﺒ ُﲑ ﻗﻀﺎ ِة ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ُج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑـﻮ ﻧﴫـ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟ َﻮﻫـﺎب ﺑـﻦ ﻛﺒـﲑ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ِة َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺎ ِﰲ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ اﻷَﻧﺼﺎري اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ّﻲ ا َﳋ ْﺰ َر ِﺟ ّﻲ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي ُﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﺧ ُﺘ ِﻠ َﻒ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ وﻻدﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪724‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪728‬ﻫـ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ﻋﺎ ًﳌﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎر ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴ ًﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻳﺎ‪ُ ،‬أ ُﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ‬ ‫َﻇﺎ ِﻫﺮ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪771‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ودﻓﻦ ﺑﺴﻔﺢ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ راﻓﻊ‪ ،(362/2) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠﻢ ُ َﳏ ﱢﺪﺛِﻲ اﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(108‬واﻟـ َﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮﻓِ ﱠﻴـﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪/19) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(209‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(104 /3) ،‬وذﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﻟ َﺒ ِﺪﻳﻌ ِﺔ اﻟ َﺒ َﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(51‬واﳌَﻨْ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(385/7) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة ﻟﻪ‪ ،(86/11) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺪا ِر ِس ِﰲ َﺗﺎ ِرﻳﺦ اﳌَ َﺪا ِر ِس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱡﻌﻴﻤـ ّﻲ‪ ،(28 /1) ،‬و َﺷـﺬ َرا ِت‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪.(221 /6) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪ :‬اﻟﺼﻐﲑ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ا ُﻷ ُﺻﻮ ّﱄ اﳌُ َﺤ ﱢﺪث ﻛﺒﲑ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة‪ ،‬ﲠﺎء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺒﲑ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀـﺎة َﻋـ َﲆ ﺑـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎ ِﰲ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬ﺳ ﱠﲈه أﺑﻮه ِﰲ أول َﻣﺎ ُو ِﻟ َﺪ َﲤﺎم‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺗ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺟﺎ َز ِﺳ ﱠﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺘﺨﻴ ُﻞ ﳑﻦ ﺳﻤ َﻊ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ‬ ‫إﻧ ﱠﲈ أﺧﺬ َﻋﻨﻪ َﻷ ْﺟ ِﻞ اﺳﻤﻪ؛ ﻟ َﻴ ْﺠ َﻌ َﻠﻪ ِﰲ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪773‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ َﻫ َﺬا اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬و ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻐ ﱢﺰ ّي ‪772‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬و ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ‪763‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱢﺰ ِرﻛ ّﲇ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ ُ َﳏ ﱢﺪﺛِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(28‬واﻟ َﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮﻓِ ﱠﻴﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(161 /7) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ‬ ‫ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(78 /3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(216/1) ،‬واﳌَ ْﻨ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(408/1) ،‬و َﺷ َﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْـ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،(226 /6) ،‬ودﻳـﻮا ِن ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻐـ ﱢﺰ ّي‪ ،(44/3) ،‬واﻟ َﺒـ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄـﺎ ِﻟﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸـ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(111‬واﻷَ ْﻋـ َﻼ ِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟِﻠ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ّﲇ‪.(176/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬و َﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ َﻋﻨﻪ اﺑﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎﺗِﻪ‪.(38/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﳋﺎﺻﻜﻲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ ا َﻷ ِﻣ ُﲑ اﻟﻜﺒ ُﲑ ا َﳌ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر‪ ،‬ﺳﻴ ُﻒ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ ُﺒ َﻐﺎ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏ ّي اﻟ ُﻌ َﻤ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬ا َﳋﺎ ِﺻ ِﻜ ّﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎد أو ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲔ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ُذ ِﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺘﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ‬ ‫‪768‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(208/6) ،‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊ ْﻨ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪=.(212 /6) ،‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬

‫اﳌِﻴ َﻌﺎ ِد ﲠﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻧﺰ َل َﻋﻦ َﺑ ْﻌ ِﺾ اﻟ َﻮ َﻇﺎ ِﺋ ِﻒ ﻷَ ِﺧﻲ)‪َ (2‬ﺗ َﻐ ّﻤ َﺪ ُه اﷲُ ﺑﺮﲪﺘِـ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ِ َﱄ َوا ْﺳـﺘَ َﻘ ﱠﺮ ﺑﻴـﺪه اﻟﺰاوﻳـ ُﺔ واﻟﻈﱠﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﱠﻳـ ُﺔ‪ ،‬إِ َﱃ‬ ‫ﺣ ِﲔ َو َﻓﺎﺗِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ َﻗﺎ َم ُﻣ َﺪ ﱢر ًﺳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺰا ْو َﻳ ِﺔ ِﺳ ﱠﺘ ًﺔ وﺛﻼﺛﲔ َﺳﻨَﺔ ُﻳ َﻘ ﱢﺮ ُر)‪ (3‬ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﻋﻈَ ِﻢ َو ْﺟ ٍﻪ َو َأ ْﻛ َﻤ َﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺮ َأ اﻷُ ُﺻﻮ َل َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺷ ْﻤ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻷَ ْﺻـ َﻔ َﻬﺎ ِ ّﲏ)‪ ،(4‬و َﻛـﺎ َن َﻛﺜِـ َﲑ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻈِـﻴ ِﻢ َﻟـ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َأ َﺟـﺎ َز ُه ﺑﺎ ِﻹ ْﻓ َﺘـﺎ ِء‬ ‫َواﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻮ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣ ﱠﻴﺎن اﻷَﻧ َﺪ ُﻟ ِ ّﴘ‪ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ َﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ إِ َﺟﺎ َزاﺗِ ِﻪ َﻣﺎ َﱂْ َﻳ ْﻜ ُﺘ ْﺒﻪ ﻷَ َﺣ ٍﺪ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ َ َﴬ ُد ُرو َس ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﻧ ْﺠ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮا ِ ّﲏ)‪ (5‬و ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َﺷ ْﻤ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺪ َﻻن)‪ ،(6‬و َﻛﺎ َن اﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺪ َﻻن َﻳ ْﻌﺮ ُف َﻗ ْﺪ َره َو ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻈ ُﻤـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻳ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﻈﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻓﺘ َﺢ َﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ﺑ ُﻔ ُﺘﻮﺣﺎ ٍت ﱂْ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺒ ْﻖ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ ٍت َﱂْ ُﻳﻨَ ﱢﺒ ْﻪ أﺣ ٌﺪ َﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َﺗ َﺄ ﱠﻣـ َﻞ َﻛ َﻼ َﻣـ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﻋﺮف َذﻟِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫=)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ِﻣ ْﴫ واﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم‪ ،‬و َﺧﻄﻴ ُﺐ ا ُﳋ َﻄ َﺒﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﺷﻴ ُﺦ اﻟ ﱡﺸ ُﻴﻮ ِخ‪ ،‬وﻛﺒ ُﲑ ﻃﺎﺋ َﻔ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء‪ ،‬وﺑﻘ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ رؤﺳﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻣﺎن‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠ ِﻢ ﳏﺪﺛﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(45‬واﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱢد اﻟ َﻮاﻓِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻧﺎ ِ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(89‬واﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ِك ﳌَِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل‬ ‫ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(586/2/3) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(139/3) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪،(292/2) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(258/11) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑﺪ ُر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ِﺳ ْﺒ ُﻂ َ َﲠﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن أﻋﺠﻮﺑ ًﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻛﺎ ِء واﻟﻔﻄﻨ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻟﻄﻴ َﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻜ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﺣ َﺴـ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺼﻮ َرة ﺟﺪا‪ ،‬ﲨﻴ َﻞ ا ُﳌ َﻌﺎ َ َﴍ ِة‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن أﺑﻮه ﻣﻌﺠ ًﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻈﻤ ُﻪ وﻳﻘ ﱢﺪﻣﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ اﻟـ ﱠﺪ ْر ِس‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﺎر ُﺿـ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﱰﺟـﻴ ِﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﺑ ِﻌ ﱠﻠ ِﺔ اﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺴ َﻘﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪791‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(171/3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(105/4) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(376/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﻘﺮأ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼﻣ ُﺔ َﺷ ْﻤ ُﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻨﺎ ِء‪ْ َ ،‬ﳏ ُﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ اﻷﺻـﻔﻬﺎﲏ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ .‬ﻛـﺎ َن اﺑـ ُﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ُﻳ َﺒـﺎﻟ ُﻎ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻌﻈِﻴ ِﻤﻪ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪749‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻄ ْﻬ َﻄﺎ ِو ّي ‪ :‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻏ ْﲑ اﻷ ْﺻ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ِ ّﲏ ﺷﺎرح اﳌ ُﺤ ُﺼﻮل َﺷ ْﻤﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜـﺎ ِﰲ )اﳌُ َﺘـ َﻮ ﱠﰱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪688‬ﻫـ َﻋﻦ ‪َ 72‬ﺳ َﻨﺔ( ِﺧ َﻼ ًﻓﺎ ﳌ ْﻦ َﻇ ﱠﻦ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬و َﺑﻨَﻰ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﺑﻨَﻰ‪ ،‬واﷲ َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠـﻮك‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(797/3/2) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪،(72/3) ،‬‬ ‫ودﻳﻮا ِن ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻐﺰي‪ ،(134/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻨﺒِﻴ ِﻪ وا ِﻹﻳ َﻘﺎظ َﳌﺎ ِﰲ ذﻳﻮل َﺗ ْﺬ ِﻛ َﺮة ا ُْﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﻄ ْﻬ َﻄﺎ ِو ّي‪) ،‬ص ‪.(56‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻧ ْﺠﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ا ُﳊ َﺴ ْﲔ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ َﺳ ﱢﻴﺪ اﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺑﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮب ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺻ ْﻔ َﺮة‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ ﱢﻴﺪ اﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ – و ِﻋﻨْـﺪ اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ واﻟﺼـﻔﺪي اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َﺳ ﱢﻴﺪ اﻷﻫﻞ‪ -‬ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋ ﱠﲈر اﻷزدي اﳌﻬﻠﺒﻲ ا َﻷ ْﺳ َﻮا ِ ّﲏ ا َﻷ ْﺻ َﻔ ِﻮ ّي اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺷ ْﻴﺨﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫َﻓ ِﻘﻴ ًﻬﺎ ُﻣ َﺸﺎر ًﻛﺎ ِﰲ اﻷُ ُﺻﻮ ِل واﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺤ ِﻮ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪739‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ َو َﺻ َﻞ إِ َﱃ ﺳ ﱟﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ٍﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜﻲ‪ ،(409/9) ،‬واﻟـ َﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻮﻓِ ﱠﻴـﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(409/9) ،‬وﳐﺘ ِﴫـه أﻋﻴـﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﴫ وأﻋﻮان اﻟﻨﴫ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(270/2) ،‬واﻟ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ راﻓﻊ‪ ،(245/1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻗﺎﴈ َﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪ ،(259‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(175/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (6‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺷ ْﻤ ُﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜ َﲈن ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﻨﺎ ّﲏ‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْ َﴬ ُب ﺑﻪ اﳌَ َﺜ َﻞ‬ ‫ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎر ًﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻷَ ْﺻ َﻠ ْ ِﲔ واﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻮ واﻟﻘﺮاءات ذﻛﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎ ًرا‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻴ ًﺤﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪749‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﺳﻦ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ص ‪.192‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،(97 /9) ،‬وأﻋﻴـﺎ ِن اﻟﻌﴫـ وأﻋـﻮان اﻟﻨﴫـ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(297/4) ،‬وﻣـﺮآ ِة‬ ‫اﳉﻨـﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻴـﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،(330/4) ،‬وذﻳـ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘـ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(54 /1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴـ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠـﻮك‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(797/3/2‬واﻟ ِﻌ َ ِﱪ ِﰲ َﺧ َ ِﱪ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ َﱪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،(149 /4) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(54 /3) ،‬واﻟـ ﱡﺪ َر ِر‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(65 /5) ،‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪.(428/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬

‫َو َر َوى َﺻ ِﺤﻴ َﺢاﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي َﻋﻦ َﲨﺎ ِلاﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴ ِﻢﺑﻦ َﺷﺎ ِﻫ ِﺪا َْﳉﻴْ ِﺶ)‪َ ،(1‬و ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ َﻋﻦاﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َﺷ ْﻤ ِﺲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﲈح)‪ ،(2‬وﺑﻘ ﱠﻴ َﺔ اﻟ ُﻜﺘ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱢﺴ ﱠﺘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻏ َﲑ َﻫﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌَ َﺴﺎﻧِﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﺧ ّﺮ َج َﻟ ُﻪ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِﻆ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﺑـ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ أرﺑﻌـﲔ َﺣـ ِﺪﻳﺜًﺎ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻦ أرﺑﻌﲔ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺨﺎ)‪،(3‬و َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ َﻨﺎ َﻫﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬و َﺧ ﱠﺮ َج ﻟﻪ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ و ﱡﱄ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ َﻣﺎﺋ َﺔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٍﺚ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻮاﻟﻴ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺑﺪاﻟِ ِﻪ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫َو َﺻ ﱠﻨ َﻒ ُﻛﺘ ًﺒﺎ َﻛﺜِﲑ ًة ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َ َﳏﺎ ِﺳﻦ اﻻ ْﺻﻄِ َﻼ ِح َو َﺗ ْﻀ ِﻤﲔ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب اﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ ِح ِﰲ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِم ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪،(5‬‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ)‪َ ،(5‬و َﻗ ْﻄ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻴ ِﻞ ِﰲ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮ ا َْﳋ ْﻴ ِﻞ)‪ ،(1‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗ َﺼ ِﺤﻴ ُﺢ اﳌِ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ِج ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي)‪َ ،(2‬أ ْﻛ َﻤ َﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺑ َﻊ اﻷَ ِﺧ َﲑ ِﰲ َ ْﲬ َﺴـ ِﺔ‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪746‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(356/2) ،‬وذﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪.(109/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ‪ -‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺎه اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِ ّﻲ ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺄﰊ اﳌَ َﻌﺎ ِﱄ وﻛﺬا اﺑﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪َ ُ -‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺪرة ﺑﻦ َﻋـِ ّﲇ ‪-‬‬ ‫َو َزا َد اﻟﺘﻘﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﳼ ِﰲ ذﻳﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺪرة‪ ،‬ﺧﻄ ًﺄ‪ -‬ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ‪741‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻏ ْﲑ َﺷ ْﻤﺲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘ ﱠﲈح‪ ،‬ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﰱ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪731‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(105/2) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ اﻟ ُﻜـ ْ َﱪى‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱡﺴـ ْﺒ ِﻜﻲ‪ ،(92/9) ،‬واﻟ َﻮﻓﻴـﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫راﻓﻊ‪ ،(355/1) ،‬وذﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(33/1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(51/3) ،‬واﻟـ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(303/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ َأ ْﺳ ِﻤ َﻌﺘِ ِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬و َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻷَ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﲔ اﻟﺘﻲ َﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ َﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ َﻣ َﺸﺎ ِﳜِﻪ َﻋـ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْ ِﴩـﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺴـ َﲈ ِع‪ ،‬و ِﻋ ْ ِﴩـﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ِﻹ َﺟـﺎ َزة\"‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﺠ َﻤﻊ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﺳﺲ ﻟﻠ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ ا ُﳌ َﻔﻬﺮس‪.(306/2) ،‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ ا ِﻹ ْﻧ َﺒﺎء‪ : (108/5) ،‬و َﺧ ﱠﺮ ْﺟ ُﺖ َأ َﻧﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻋﻦ أرﺑﻌﲔ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﲠﺎ ﻣﺮا ًرا‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﳌُ ْﻌ َﺠﻢ اﳌﻔﻬﺮس‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(217‬ﻗﺎل ‪ِ \" :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻷَ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﲔ ا ُﳌ َﻠ ﱠﻘ َﺒﺔ ِﺿ َﻴﺎء اﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ َﺷـ ْﻴ ِﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ ﲣﺮﳚـﻲ ﻟـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮأ ُﲥﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا َﳉﻮا ِﻫ ِﺮ واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ (669/2) ،‬ورد ذﻛﺮ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ﺿﻴﺎء اﻷﻧـﺎم ﺑﻌـﻮاﱄ َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أرﺑﻌﻮن َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪\" : (190/3) ،‬و َﺧ ﱠﺮ َج ﻟﻪ َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨﺎ – أي اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪ -‬أرﺑﻌ َﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺷ ْﻄ ُﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮ ِخ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﲈ ِع‪،‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻗﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ِﻹ َﺟﺎ َزة\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ِباﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮودراﺳﺔﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺸﺎﻛﺮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪاﳌﻨﻌﻢ)‪َ (242/1‬ذ َﻛ َﺮاﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎبﺿﻤﻦﻛﺘﺐ اﻷرﺑﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﲢـﺖ رﻗـﻢ ‪ ،123‬وﺳـ ﱠﲈه‬ ‫ﺿﻴﺎء اﻷﻳﺎم ﺑﻌﻮاﱄ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ‪ :‬وﻫﻲ أرﺑﻌﻮن َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ َﻋﻦ أرﺑﻌـﻮن‪ -‬ﻫﻜـﺬا ﺑـﺎﻟﺮﻓﻊ‪َ -‬ﺷـ ْﻴ ًﺨﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﻮاﱄ َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ رﺳﻼن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ )‪ 805‬ﻫـ( ﺣ ﱠﺪث ﲠﺎ ﻣﺮا ًرا‪ ،‬وﺟﺎء ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ أن اﻟﺒﻌ َﺾ َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﻔ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ ِﺿ َﻴﺎ ِء اﻷﻧﺎ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻬ َﺮ ِس اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،(105/1) ،‬ورد ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ﺑ َﻌﻨﻮان أرﺑﻌﻮن َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ َﻋﻦ أرﺑﻌﲔ َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺨﺎ ‪ -‬اﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴـ َﻘﻼ ِ ّﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﳐﻄﻮط ِﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺪن وأﻧﻪ ِﰲ ‪ 44‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ رﺟﻌﺖ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻳﺪوا ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ‪ ،‬وﱂ أﺟ ْﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ أ ﱠي َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺼﻴﻞ ﺳﻮى َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﲢﺖ رﻗﻢ )‪ ،(2461‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮ ٌر ِﰲ )ص‪ ،(21‬ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺪن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ َأ ْﺳ ِﻤ َﻌﺘِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺠ َﻤﻊ‪\" : (306/2) ،‬وﺳﻤﻌ ُﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ ُﺟﺰ ًءا َﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟﻪ ﻟـﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ ُﺦ و ﱡﱄ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮاﻟﻴﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﳌُ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ اﳌﻔﻬﺮس‪) ،‬ص‪\" : (249‬ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻋﻦ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮ ِﺧ ِﻪ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ َأ ِﰊ ُز ْر َﻋـﺔ اﺑـﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮاﻗِـ ّﻲ ﻟـﻪ ﺳـﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮاءة اﳌﺨﺮج\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ﱡي ِﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻟﻮ ﱡﱄ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪\" ،(336/1) ،‬وﺧﺮج ﻟﻐﲑ َوا ِﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ ...‬واﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ِﰲ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮم ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﴫ ﻓﻴﻪ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﻼح‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ﻓﻴﻪ أﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﻦ \"إ َﺻ َﻼح اﺑﻦ اﻟ َﺼ َﻼح ﳌﻐﻠﻄﺎي\"‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨَ ﱠﺒﻪ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻨ ﱠﺒﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻌﺾ أوﻫﺎ ِم ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي‪ ،‬و َﻗ ﱠﻠ َﺪه ِﰲ ﺑﻌ ِﻀ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َزا َد ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ُأ ُﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﺪر رﺗﺒﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﺜﺮ ِة =‬ ‫‪62‬‬

‫َ ْﲬ َﺴ ِﺔ ‪/4‬أ أﺟﺰاء‪ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ﻣﻦ ُر ْﺑ ِﻊ اﻟﻨﱢ َﻜﺎ ِح َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺪﻳﺮ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٍء َوﻧِ ْﺼﻒ‪ ،‬وﻣﻔﺮ ًﻗﺎ َﻛ َﺮا ِرﻳﺲ َﻛﺜِﲑة‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻜ ﱠﺸﺎ ُف َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜ ﱠﺸﺎف)‪َ ،(3‬و َﺻ َﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪ إِ َﱃ أﺛﻨﺎء ُﺳﻮ َرة اﻟ َﺒ َﻘ َﺮة ِﰲ ﺛﻼﺛ ِﺔ ﳎﻠﺪا ٍت ﺿﺨﻤ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ْ َ :‬ﴍ ُح اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻧﺤ ًﻮا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْﲬ ِﺴ َﲔ ُﻛ ﱠﺮا ًﺳﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳ َﺚ َﻳ ِﺴ َﲑةٍ إِ َﱃ أﺛﻨﺎ ِء اﻹﻳ َﲈن‪ ،‬و َﻣ َﻮا ِﺿ َﻊ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻔ ﱢﺮ َﻗ ًﺔ َﺳ ﱠﲈه اﻟ َﻔـ ْﻴ َﺾ ا َﳉـﺎ ِر ّي َﻋـ َﲆ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ﱢي)‪ ،(4‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺪ ِرﻳ ُﺐ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ)‪َ (5‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ُﻣﺘﻮاﻟ ًﻴﺎ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺮ َﺿﺎ ِع‪ ،‬و ُﻣﻔﺮ ًﻗﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻣ َﻮا ِﺿـ َﻊ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌـ ﱢﺪدة‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫=ا َﻷ ْو َﻫﺎ ِم اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي‪ ،‬إن َﻛﺎ َن َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ وﺗﻮا َر َد َﻣ َﻌﻪ َﻓ َﻘﺪ َﻟ َﺼ َﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻫ َﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳊﺎ ِﻟ ِﲔ‪ ،‬ور ْﺗ َﺒ ُﺘﻪ‬ ‫َ ِﲡ ﱠﻞ ﻋﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا َد ْأ ُب ﻣﻦ َﺻ ﱠﻨ َﻒ ِﰲ َﻏ ْﲑ اﻟ َﻔ ﱢﻦ اﻟﺬي َﻓﺎ َق ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﻼح‪ ،‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﻌ ِﺮﻳ ِﻔ ِﻪ ﻟﻠ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب ِﰲ َ ْﳎ َﻤﻌﻪ اﳌُ َﺆﺳﺲ‪.(301/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﻗﺎ َم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ﱡﻲ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎ ِر ِه ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﻨ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ َ َﴍ ِف اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ ْﻣ َﻴﺎﻃِ ﱢﻲ َﻓ ْﻀﻞ ا َْﳋ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪\" : (30‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﺗﺼﻨﻴ ٌﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴ ٌﻒ ِﰲ ا َﳋ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﺷ ﱠﻤ ْﺮ ُت ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺬ ْﻳ َﻞ‪َ ،‬ﱠﳋ ْﺼ ُﺘ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﺼﻨﱠ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ِﺦ َ َﴍف اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﻣ َﻴﺎﻃِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َأ َﺿ ْﻔ ُﺖ إﻟﻴـﻪ أﺷـﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ورﺗﺒﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻲ‪ ،‬اﻗﺘﴫت ِﰲ َﻋ َﲆ ُﻓ ُﺼﻮل َﺳ ْﺒ َﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وا َﳌ ْﺮ ُﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ اﷲِ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ أن ﻳﺮ َﻓ َﻌ َﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ َد َر َﺟﺎ ٍت ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ورﻓﻌﺔ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ َذ َﻛـ َﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟ ُﻔ ُﺼﻮ َل اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﺒ َﻌﺔ‪ ،‬و َ َﴍ َع ِﰲ َ ْﴍﺣ َﻬﺎ َﻓ ْﺼ ًﻼ َﻓ ْﺼ ًﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺠ َﻤﻊ‪\" : (301/2) ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺑﻊ اﻷﺧﲑ ِﰲ ﲬﺲ ﳎﻠﺪات‪ ،‬أﻃﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻔ َﺲ وﺗﻮ ﱠﺳ َﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﺪا‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺣ ﱢﻘﻪ‬ ‫أن ﳚﻌﻠﻪ َ ْﴍ ًﺣﺎ‪ ،‬و ﱠﳌﺎ ﻓﺮغ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺑﻊ اﻷﺧﲑ ﴍع ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﺑﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ وﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳎﻠ ًﺪا َوا ِﺣ ًﺪا\"‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻫـﻮ ﳐﻄـﻮط ِﰲ دار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘـﺐ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳـﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ )‪178‬ق(‪ ،‬ﺑﺪاﻳﺘـﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب ا ِﳉـ َﺮا ِح‪ ،‬وﻻ َﻗ َﺼـﺎ َص إﻻ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻬـﺪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ َﻗ ْﺼـ ُﺪ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌـ ِﻞ‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﺨ ِﺺ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ َﻜ ﱠﺸﺎف ﻋﻦ َﺣ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻨْ ِﺰﻳ ِﻞ َو ُﻋ ُﻴﻮ ِن اﻷَ َﻗﺎ ِوﻳﻞ ِﰲ ُو ُﺟﻮ ِه اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺄ ِوﻳﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َ ْﳐ َ ِﴩ ّي اﳋﻮارزﻣﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫واﳌﺨﻄـﻮط ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﰲ دار اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ اﳌﴫـﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺴـﲑ‪ ،‬رﻗـﻢ )‪ ،(869‬وﻗـﺪ ورد ﰲ اﻟﻔﻬـﺮس اﻟﺸـﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺴـﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(441/1‬أﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﻃﻮﺑﻘﺒﻮﴎاي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل ﺑﱰﻛﻴـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻮرة اﻹﴎاء إﱃ ﺳـﻮرة اﻟﻨـﺎس‪ ،‬وﻫـﻮ ﻣﻨﺴـﻮخ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪743‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪724‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪805‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﺮه إذ ذاك ‪ 19‬ﻋﺎ ًﻣﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (4‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺠ َﻤﻊ‪\" : (301/2) ،‬و َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َ ْﴍ ًﺣﺎ ِﰲ ُ َﳎ ﱠﻠ َﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﻬ َﲈ إِ َﱃ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻹﻳ َﲈن‪َ ،‬أ َﻃﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠ َﻔ َﺲ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺟ ًﺪا َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻜ َﻤ َﻞ َﻟ َﻜﺎ َن َﻣﺎﺋﺘﻲ ُ َﳎ ﱠﻠ َﺪة\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪\" : (42/4) ،‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﻴ ُﺾ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِري َﻋ َﲆ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي\"‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘـﺐ اﳌﻔﻘـﻮدة‪ ،‬و َ ْﴍ ُح‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ َﻫ َﺬا َﻏ ْﲑ َ ْﴍح اﺑﻨﻪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ \"اﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ُﺚ ا َﳉﺎ ِري َﻋ َﲆ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي\"‪ ،‬وﻻﺑﻨﻪ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ َ ْﴍ ًﺣـﺎ َﻋـ َﲆ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي أﺳ َﲈه \"اﻹﻓﻬﺎم ﳌَﺎ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻣﻦ ا ِﻹ ْ َﲠﺎم\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺮى ُ َﳏ ﱢﻘ ُﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳ َﻘ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻮا ِﺿ َﺤ ِﺔ َأ ﱠن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﱂ ﻳﴩ ْح إﻻ ﻗﻄﻌ ًﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻹﻳ َﲈن‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺬﻳ َﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َر ْﻓ ِﻊ اﻹﴏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(156‬واﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳ َﻘـ َﺔ اﻟ َﻮا ِﺿـ َﺤﺔ ِﰲ ﲤﻴﻴـﺰ اﻟ ﱡﺼـﻨَﺎﺑِ َﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ ﻣﺸـﻬﻮر آل‬ ‫ﺳﻠﲈن‪) ،‬ص‪.(125‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻛﺘِ َﺐ َﻋ َﲆ واﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﳌَ ْﺨ ُﻄﻮ ِط‪ُ ،‬ﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ ‪ِ :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ ِﰲ ﻓﻘﻪ إ َﻣﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ أوﻟﻪ‪) ،‬ق‪2‬أ( ‪\" :‬أ َﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﺗﺪرﻳ ُﺐ اﳌُ ْﺒ َﺘ ِﺪي ﳚﺮي ﺑﻪ ِﰲ َﻛﺜِﲑ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ ﻣﻊ اﳌﻨﺘﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺒـﺬ ٌة ﻣـﻦ اﻟـ ﱠﺪ َﻻﺋِﻞ‪ ،‬و ُ ْﲨ َﻠـ ٌﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﳌﺴـﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﻄﻌـ ٌﺔ ﻣـ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻀـﻮاﺑﻂ‬ ‫واﻷُ ُﺻﻮل‪ ،‬وﻗﻮاﻋ ٌﺪ واﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءا ٌت ﺗﻨﻔ ُﻊ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘﻮ ِل‪َ ،‬ﻧ َﻔ َﻊ اﷲُ َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗ ِﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ُ ِﳎﻴ ٌﺐ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َو َﺻ َﻔﻪ اﻟ َﻐ ﱢﺰ ّي ِﰲ َ ْﲠ َﺠ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(34‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ٌب ﻧﻔﻴ ٌﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺣ َﺴ َﻨﺔ ِﰲ َأ ﱠو ِل اﻷﺑﻮاب‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ِﰲ ﲬﺲ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ َﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ وزﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼت‪ ،‬ﻛﺘـﺐ اﻟﻔـﺮاﺋﺾ واﻟﻮﺻـﺎﻳﺎ واﻟ َﻮ ِدﻳ َﻌـﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﱢ َﻜﺎح واﻟ ﱠﺼ َﺪاق وا ُﳋﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟﻄﻼق‪ِ ،‬ﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻹﻳﻼء‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻌﺔ اﻷردﻧﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ ﻋ ﱠﲈن‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻲ ﱂ أﺳﺘﻄ ْﻊ ا ُﳊ ُﺼـﻮ َل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓﻮﺛﻘـ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬

‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺄ ِدﻳ ُﺐ ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺪ ِرﻳﺐ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ اﻟﻨﺼ َﻒ)‪ ،(1‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬ ُﺞ اﻷَ ْﺻ َﻠﲔ)‪َ ،(2‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َأ ْﺻ َﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ و ُﻫـ َﻮ ﳏﻔـﻮ ٌظ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻳﺪي اﻟﻨﺎ ِس‪ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ َﻗ ِﺮﻳ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼ ِﻒ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ)‪ ،(3‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬اﳌﺴﻮ ُل ِﰲ ﻋﻠـ ِﻢ اﻷُ ُﺻـﻮل)‪َ ،(4‬ﻛ َﺘـ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْـ ُﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮ ُص َواﳌَﻨْ ُﻘﻮل َﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻷُ ُﺻﻮل)‪َ ،(5‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧﻔﺎﺋِ ُﺲ اﻻﻋـﺘ َﲈد ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺧ َﺼﺎﺋِ ِﺺ َﺧ ْﲑ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺒﺎدِ)‪َ ،(6‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ِﻗ ْﻄ َﻌ ًﺔ َﺻﺎ َِﳊ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺮﺗِﻴ ُﺐ اﻷُم ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪َ ،(7‬و َﻗ ْﺪ َأ ْﻛ َﻤ َﻠـ ُﻪ َﻟﻜِـﻦ ﺑﻘـﻲ ِﻣﻨْـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻮاﱄ اﻷﺑﻮاب‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ْرﺗِ َﻴﺎح اﻷَ ْر َوا ِح ِﰲ ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋﻴ ِﺪ)‪ (8‬ﻣﻦ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﺋِـ ُﺪ‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﺤ َﻀﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ واﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ)‪َ ،(9‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬اﳌﻠـ ﱠﲈ ُت ﺑـﺮد اﳌُ ِﻬـ ﱠﲈت َﻛ َﺘـ َﺐ ﻣﻨـﻪ)‪(1‬أﺟـﺰا َء‬ ‫)‪ (1‬و َﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،(42/4) ،‬وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﴫه ﻣﻦ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب \"اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ\" اﳌﺘﻘﺪم‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻮ ِﻟ َﺪه ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬وﻛﻤﻠﻪ َﻷﺑِﻴﻪ‪ ،‬و ذﻛﺮه اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟﺰرﻛﲇ ﺣﻴﺚ َذ َﻛ َﺮ أن ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘ ِﺐ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‪ ،‬أﻛﻤـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب‬ ‫أﺑﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀـﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣـﻊ‪ ،(64/2) ،‬وذﻳـ َﻞ رﻓـﻊ اﻹﴏ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(156‬ﻛِ َﻼ ُ َﳘـﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴـﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،‬وﻛﺸـ َﻒ اﻟﻈﻨـﻮن‪ ،‬ﳊـﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(382/1‬واﻷَ ْﻋ َﻼ َم‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ّﲇ‪.(194 /3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻗﺮأت َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻲ ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮ ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮ ﱠﺛﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ أوﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻷﺻﻠﲔ أﳋ ُﺺ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ُأ ُﺻﻮل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻏﺐ‪ ،‬وﻳﻔﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻊ اﷲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬آﻣﲔ‪ .\"...‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻷﺻﻠﲔ‪) ،‬ق ‪.(25‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وأﳊﻘﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ\" َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻜﺬا ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،(42/4) ،‬ﺑﻴﻨ َﲈ ذﻛﺮه اﻟ ّﻐ ﱢﺰي ِﰲ ﲠﺠ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(34‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮان \"اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫\"اﻟﻨﺼﻮص واﻟﻨﻘﻮل ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (7‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺒﲑ َأ ْﻣ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛ ْﺮ اﻟﻔﺮو َع اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ اﺳﺘﻄﺮا ًدا ِﰲ َﻏـ ْﲑ ﻣﻈﺎﳖـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻞ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﴫﻋﲆ ﺗﺮﺗﻴ ِﺐ اﻷﺑﻮاب وﻛﺘﺐ \"اﻷم\" اﳌﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮدﻫﺎ إِ َﱃ اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ اﳌﻌﻬﻮد‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻠﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷَ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ \"اﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ\" ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻫ َﺬا ﻛﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ آﺣﺎد اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻀ ًﻼ ﻋﻨﻪ\"‪ ،‬وﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه ﺳﺰﻛﲔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪ْ َ \" :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳﺐ ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻷم\"‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ \"ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ\" ﻛ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر آل ﺳﻠ َﲈن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛِ َﺘﺎب \"اﻷم\" اﳌﻄﺒﻮع ِﰲ ﺑﻮﻻق ِﰲ ﺳﻨﻮات )‪1326 - 1321‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱢ َﴪا ِج ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ رﺳﻼن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒـﻮ ٌع‬ ‫ِﰲ أرﺑﻌ ِﺔ ﳎﻠﺪا ٍت‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺳﺒﻊ ﳎﻠﺪا ٍت )‪1325 -1324‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬وﻧﴩه ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ زﻫﺮي اﻟﻨﺠﺎر ﺑﺎﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة ِﰲ ﺛ َﲈﻧﻴﺔ ﳎﻠﺪا ٍت‪.‬‬ ‫ورواﻳﺔ َأ ِﰊ َﻋِ ّﲇ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ اﳊﺼﺎﺋﺮي اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪338) ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب \"ا ُﻷ ﱢم\" ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺑِﻴﻊ ﻫﻲ ا َﳌ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮرة‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻼﺣـﻖ اﻷﻗـﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ اﳌﺆﺳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(300/2) ،‬وﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻓﻬـﺪ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(140‬و َﺗـﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟـﱰاث اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴـﺰﻛﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(184/1‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (9‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ ‪ :‬ﻛﺘ َﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻛﺜِ ًﲑا‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟ ًﻴﺎ َﻏ ْﲑ ﳎﻠﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻓ ﱠﺮ َق ﺑﻴﻨﻪ اﻟ َﻐ ﱢﺰ ﱡي اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِﻣ ِﺮ ّي وﺑﲔ ﺣﻮاﳾ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﲏ ‪ :‬و ﱠﳌﺎ َﺳ ﱠﻤﻰ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ﱡﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ اﻟ َﻔ َﻮا ِﺋﺪ اﳌﻨﺘﻬﻀﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ واﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺗﻠﻤﻴ ُﺬه اﻟﺒـﺪ ُر اﻟ َﺒ ْﺸـ َﺘﻜِ ّﻲ ﻳﻘـﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺮ َو َﺿـﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻮاو‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ اﳌﻮازﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم ﻟﺰوم َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ ﻓﻀ ًﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻏـﲑه‪ ،‬ﻳﺸـﲑ إِ َﱃ أن اﻟﺴـﺠﻌﺔ َﻏـ ْﲑ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ ﻓ َﻐـ ﱠ َﲑ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴ َﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﺋِ ِﺪ اﳌﺤ َﻀ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎن ﺳﺒ ًﺒﺎ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ ﺳـﺎﺑ ًﻘﺎ ‪ :‬إن اﻟﺸـﻴﻄﺎ َن وﺟـ َﺪ ﻃﺮﻗـﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ﱢﻲ ﻣﺴﺪود ًة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤ ﱠﺴ َﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈ َﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳ ﱠﲈه اﺑ ُﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ اﻟ َﻔ َﻮا ِﺋ َﺪ اﳌﺤﻀﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِح واﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ‪= .‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗ ًﺔ)‪ ،(2‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟﻴﻨﺒﻮ ُع ِﰲ إﻛ َﲈل ا َﳌ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮع)‪َ ،(3‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﺟـﺰ ًءا ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﱢ َﻜـﺎ ِح‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬـﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻔـﺘ ُﺢ اﳌﻘـﺮر ِﰲ َ ْﴍح‬ ‫ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر)‪َ ،(1‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺟﺰ ًءا)‪ (2‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺸ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ)‪ ،(3‬واﻟ َﻘ َﺮا ِض‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻜﺎ ِح‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻀ َﲈ ِن‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُف اﻟ ﱠﺸ ِﺬ ّي َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫= وﲨﻌﻬﺎ اﺑﻨُﻪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻫﻲ وﺣﻮاﳾ أﺧﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬه‪ ،‬وﺳ ﱠﲈﻫﺎ ‪\" :‬اﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎء واﻻﻫﺘﲈم ﺑﻔﻮاﺋﺪ َﺷ ْﻴ َﺨ ّﻲ اﻹﺳﻼم\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻧﴩه ﺑﺬﻳﻞ روﺿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﰲ اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ اﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪1415‬ﻫـ‪1995 ،‬م‪ ،‬ﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﳎﻠﺪات‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﲠﺠ َﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻐـ ﱢﺰي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(34‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(42/4) ،‬وﳊـ َﻆ اﻷﳊـﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ﻓﻬـﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪ ،(140‬واﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(89/6) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ َر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(648‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \" أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻴﻨﺒﻮع ِﰲ إﻛ َﲈل اﳌَ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮع‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺟﺰ ًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻜﺎح‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ اﳌﻘﺮر ِﰲ َ ْﴍح ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ ًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ\"‪ ،‬أﳊﻘﺖ ِﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ )أ(‪ ،‬وأﺛﺒﺘﺖ ِﰲ )ب( وﻛﺮرت \"ﺟﺰ ًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ\" ِﰲ اﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻞ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﳌُ ِﻬ ﱠﲈت ِﰲ َ ْﴍح اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ واﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﳉ َﲈل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻹﺳـﻨﻮي‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻌﻘ ًﺒـﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌـ ّﻲ ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑـﻪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳـﺰ َ ْﴍح‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ‪ ،‬و َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي ِﰲ َر ْو َﺿ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻟﺒﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﲢﺪ َث ا ِﻹ ْﺳﻨَ ِﻮ ّي ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤ ِﻠﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎﺑﲔ ﻣﻔﺼ ًﻼ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎك ﻛﺘ ٌﺐ ﻋﺪ ٌة ﺗﻨﺎوﻟ ْﺖ ِﻛ َﺘـﺎب ا ِﻹ ْﺳـﻨَ ِﻮ ّي ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫ وﻣﺴﺘﺪرك وﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪ وﺷﺎرح‪ ،‬ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ اﻟـﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ِﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـ ِﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘـﻪ ﻟﻠ ُﻤ ِﻬـ ﱠﲈت‪َ ،‬و َذ َﻛـ َﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬـﺎ ﻛِ َﺘـﺎب‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﳌﻠ ﱠﲈت ﺑﺮد ا ُﳌ ِﻬ ﱠﲈت‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه اﻟﻐﺰي اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي ﺑﻌﻨﻮان اﳌﻠ ﱠﲈت َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﻬ ﱠﲈت‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ِﺧ َﻼف َﻣﺎ ذﻛ َﺮه اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻨًﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫\"إ ﱠن َﲨﺎﻋ ًﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻠﻤ ِﺔ ﻗﺪ دار ْت َﻋ َﲆ أﻟﺴﻨﺘِﻬﻢ إﻳﺮادات‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮا اﻻﻋﱰاﺿﺎت ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﺑﴩح اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ واﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﺿﻮا و َﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺧﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﱄ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﻛﻼ ًﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﲇ‪ ،‬واﺣﺘﺠﺖ أن ذﻛـﺮت ﻟـﻪ اﳉـﻮاب‪ ،‬واﷲ اﻟـﺬي‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﺼﻮاب‪ ،‬وﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ أﺧﺬوا َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ ﻛﻼ ٌم ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻢ ِﰲ اﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﳌﻨﺴﻮب إِ َﱃ ُﻣ ِﻬ ﱠﲈ ِت َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺒِﻨﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼ َﻣﺔ‬ ‫َﲨﺎل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴﻢ اﻹﺳﻨﻮي َر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ ا ُﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ‪ ،‬وأﻓﺎض ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﱰادف وﺗﺘﻮاﱃ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن اﳌﺸـﺎر إﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻜﺘﺐ َﻣﺎ ﳚﺪه ﳐﺘﻠ ًﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼم اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎﺑﲔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرﻳﻦ وﻛﻼم ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻴﻬ َﲈ ِﰲ ﻏﲑ َﳘـﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺎن ﻳﻜﺘـ ُﺐ َﻣـﺎ ﳚـﺪه ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻋﱰاﺿـﺎ ِت ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ راﺟﻊ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ واﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺪه َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ اﳌَ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ ﻓﺴﺎرع إِ َﱃ اﻻﻋﱰاض ﺗﺒ ًﻌﺎ واﺳﺘﻘﻼ ًﻻ ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ووﻋﺮ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻠ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﱄ َأ ْو رأﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺮﴇ ﻓﻤﺮة أﺟﻴﺐ‪ ،‬وﻣﺮة ﻟﻈﻬﻮر اﳉﻮاب أﻏﴤ‪ ،‬وأﻣﺴـﻜﺖ ﻋـﻦ اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎﺑـﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ﻣـﺪ ًة‬ ‫اﻛﺘﻔﺎ ًء ﺑ َﲈ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﳌﻦ ﻋﻨﺪه ﻟ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻋﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻘﺮ أﻣﺮي َﻋ َﲆ اﳌﺒﺎدر ِة إِ َﱃ اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وإﻇﻬﺎ ِر َﻣﺎ ﳚﺘﻨﺐ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ﳚﺮي َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟ ُﺴ َﺆا َﻻ ُت ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺗﻘﻊ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮازل‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎءت اﳌﻠ ﱠﲈت ﺑﺮد ا ُﳌ ِﻬ ﱠﲈت ﺗﻈﻬ ُﺮ اﳊ ﱠﻖ ﻟﻸﻓﺎﺿ ِﻞ ﻓﺄﻣﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻌ ًﻀﺎ وﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﻌ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻟﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪ ﱠي‪ ،‬ﻧﻔ َﻊ ا ُﷲ ﲠ َﲈ ِﰲ َذﻟِ َﻚ‬ ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ واﻋﱰاﺿﺎت ُﺗﺮ ِﴈ‪ ،‬وﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻚ َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎ ِب َﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﴤ ﻣﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ﻻﻳﻤﴤ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﻋﺎداﺗﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إذا ﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ\" ﻳﺮﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وإذا َأ َرا َد أن ﻳﻌﱰض َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ ﻳﻘﻮل ‪\" :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ\"‪َ ،‬أ ْو \"ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ِﰲ ِز َﻳﺎ َدة اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ إذا ﻓﺮغ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼم ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل \"اﻧﺘﻬﻰ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳﺮدﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﱰاض‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺤﻜﻲ َﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻧﺮدﻓﻪ ﺑ َﲈ ﻳﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻛﻼﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﺪﻧﺎ إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أذﻛ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ ﺗﺮ َك َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ُﺐ ا ُﳌ ِﻬ ﱠﲈت ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮ ِر اﳌﻬ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘ ِﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ واﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿ ِﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ واﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺬاك ﻣﺒﺴـﻮ ٌط ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑﻨـﺎ اﻟ َﻜﺜِـﲑ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﺋِﺪ اﳌﺤﻀﺔ‪ُ ،\"...‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺑﺪأ ﺑ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ِﻬ ﱠﲈت‪ ،‬ﻟ ِﻺ ْﺳﻨَ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،79-77/1) ،‬وﻣﻦ ‪ ،(134 -93‬واﳌﻠ ﱠﲈت ﺑﺮد اﳌﻬ ﱠﲈت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪) ،‬ق‪ ،(2‬ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﴩـاق‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﺳﻴﺎ‪ ، ،‬وﲠﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻐ ﱢﺰ ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(34‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻜﺬا اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ اﺑﻨﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﻫﺬه‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ذﻛﺮﻫـﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫َ َﳏﺎ ِﺳﻦ اﻻ ْﺻﻄِ َﻼح‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(590‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪ :‬اﻟﻴﻨﺒﻮع اﳌﻘﺮب‪ِ ،‬ﰲ إﻛ َﲈ ِل ا َﳌ ْﺠ ُﻤـﻮع َﻋـ َﲆ َ ْﴍح ا ُﳌ َﻬـ ﱠﺬب‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ ﻋﻨـﺪ إﺑﺎﺣﺘـﻪ ﺟـﺮح=‬ ‫‪65‬‬

‫َﺟﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي)‪َ ،(4‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻗِ ْﻄ َﻌ ًﺔ َﺻﺎﳊ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻛﺜِ َﲑ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ ﻓِﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ‪َ :‬ﺗـ َﺮا ِﺟ ُﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي)‪ ،(5‬ﺟـﺰ ٌء ﺻـﻐ ٌﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳ َﻘ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻮا ِﺿ َﺤ ُﺔ ِﰲ َﲤْﻴﻴ ِﺰ اﻟ ﱡﺼـ َﻨﺎﺑِ َﺤﺔ)‪ ،(1)(6‬و ُﻋـ ْﺮ ُف اﻟ ﱠﺸـ َﺬا ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺸـﻜِﻠ ِﺔ)‪َ (2‬ﻛـ َﺬا)‪َ ،(3‬وﺗ ْﺮ ُ َﲨـﺎ ُن ُﺷـ َﻌ ِﺐ ا ِﻹﻳـ َﲈن)‪،(4‬‬ ‫=اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑﻐﻴﺒﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪\" :‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﺴﻮط ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻟﻨﱢ َﻜﺎح ﻣﻦ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﰊ اﻟﻴﻨﺒﻮع اﳌﻘـﺮب ِﰲ إﻛـ َﲈل اﳌَ ْﺠ ُﻤـﻮع َﻋـ َﲆ َ ْﴍح‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳ ﱠﲈه اﺑ ُﻦ ﻧﺎﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(42/4) ،‬و َﺗ ْﻮ ِﺿﻴ َﺢ ا ُﳌ ْﺸ َﺘﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻧﺎﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪.(271/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر واﻟﺬي ﺗﻘﺪم ذﻛﺮه )ص‪ِ ( 56‬ﰲ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬ﺻﻨﱠ َﻔﻪ إ َﻣﺎ ُم اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻴﻨﺒﻮع ِﰲ إﻛ َﲈل ا َﳌ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮع‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺟﺰ ًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻜﺎح‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ اﳌﻘﺮر ِﰲ َ ْﴍح ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ ًءا\" أﳊﻘﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ اﻧﺘ َﻘﺎ ُل ﺣﺼﺔ ﴍﻳﻚ إِ َﱃ ﴍﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ إِ َﱃ أﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﻮض اﳌﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴ ُﻞ اﻷوﻃﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪.(38/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮه َﲠ َﺬا اﻻﺳﻢ ِﰲ َ َﳏﺎ ِﺳﻦ اﻻ ْﺻ ِﻄ َﻼح‪ ،‬وأﺣﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻈﺮ ِﰲ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻋﴩ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(170‬ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫\"وﻗﺪ ﺑﺴﻄﻨﺎ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎب َﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ ِﰲ أﻛﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎه ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺮف اﻟﺸﺬي َﻋ َﲆ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣـ ِﺬ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َذ َﻛ َﺮه َﲠ َﺬا اﻻﺳﻢ اﺑﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟﻐﺰي اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪ ،‬وﻧﻘﻞ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ُ ْﱪ َﻫﺎن اﳊﻠﺒﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬وﻗﺮئ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳎﻠ ٌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َ ْﴍ ِﺣ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َ ْﴍﺣﺎن َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬واﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﻪ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ِﰲ َﺷ َﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻴﻢ َﳘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا أﺣﺪ َﳘﺎ وﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻋﻦ اﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(43 ،42/4) ،‬وا َﳌ ْﺠ َﻤ َﻊ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﺳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(297/2) ،‬وﲠﺠ َﺔ اﻟﻨـﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺰي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(34‬وﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(140‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،(177 /7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌـﺔ دار‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه ﲠﺬه اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋ ﱠﺪ َد اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻫـﺪي اﻟﺴـﺎري ِﰲ ﺧﻄﺒـﺔ اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘـﺎب‪ ،‬ﺣﺘـﻰ وﺻـﻞ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﴍ)ص‪َ ،(4‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪\" :‬ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎق ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺔ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﺑﺎ ًﺑﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﺪة َﻣﺎ ِﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑـﺎب ﻣـﻦ ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨـﻪ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻋـﺪة َأ َﺣﺎ ِدﻳﺜـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺮر‪ ،‬أوردﺗﻪ ﺗﺒ ًﻌﺎ ﻟﺸﻴﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َأ ِﰊ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻮ ِو ّي َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﱪ ًﻛﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ أﺿﻔﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﳑﱠﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺪﺗﻪ ﻣـﻦ َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َأ ِﰊ ﺣﻔﺺ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻘ َﺪ ﻓﺼ ًﻼ ﺑﻌﺪ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(470‬ﲢﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪\" :‬ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻮاب اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﻣﻠﺨ ًﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛـﻼم َﺷـ ْﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻴﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم َأ ِﰊ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻤﺪه اﷲ ﺑﺮﲪﺘﻪ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺘﻪ ‪\" :‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻛﻼم اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ ﻣﻠﺨ ًﺼﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﺪى ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻄـﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫وﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰاه اﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺑﻤﻨﻪ وﻛﺮﻣﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﺒﻮ ٌع ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت أﺑﻮاب ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﻧﴩﺗﻪ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﳌﻌﺎرف ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪ :‬د‪ .‬أﲪﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ّﲇ ِﰲ أﻋﻼﻣﻪ‪َ ،(320 /3) ،‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ َذ َﻛـ َﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗِـﻪ اﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃـﺔ ‪\" :‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺎت أﺑـﻮاب َﺗـ َﺮا ِﺟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي\"‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﺧﻄﺄ واﺿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﺼﺎﺑﺤﺔ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬

‫واﻷرﺑﻌ ُﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ إﻇﻬﺎ ُر اﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪ ِﰲ ﺗﻌﺪد اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ)‪ ،(5‬وﺗﻜﺬﻳ ُﺐ ُﻣ ﱠﺪ ِﻋﻲ اﻹ َﲨﺎع ﻣﻜـﺎﺑﺮة َﻋـ َﲆ ﻣﻨـ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة)‪ ،(6‬وﻛ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﻟﺪﻻﻻ ُت اﳌﺤﻘﻘ ُﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ)‪ ،(7‬ردا َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ْﺒﻜِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﻛِﺘَﺎﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳌﴩﻗﺔ)‪ ،(8‬وﺗﻨﻘﻴ ُﺢ اﻟﻘـﻮل اﳌ ُﻌ ُﻠـﻮم ِﰲ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ ﻋﻤـﻮم اﳌﻔﻬـﻮم)‪ ،(9‬واﳉـﻮا ُب اﻟﻮﺟﻴـﻪ َﻋـﻦ ﺗـﺰوﻳﺞ اﻟـﻮﴆ‬ ‫=)‪ (1‬أﻟﻔﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت ﺻﺤﺒﺔ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟ ﱡﺼ َﻨﺎﺑِ ِﺤ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ َﻏ ْﲑ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﻴﻠﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺼﻨَﺎﺑِ ِﺤ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺘﺎﺑِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳ َﻨﺔ واﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻗﺪ ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻟﻴﺎل‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳏﻘﻖ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﺣﺴﻦ آل ﺳﻠ َﲈن‪َ ،‬و َر ﱠد ﻋﻠﻴﻬ َﲈ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﳊﺎﻳﻚ ﻓﻌﺎرض اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴﻞ ِﰲ إﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟ ﱡﺼـﻨَﺎﺑِ ِﺤ ﱢﻲ وﻛـﺬا اﳌﺤﻘـﻖ‪ ،‬وأﻧـﻪ ﻻ وﺟـﻮد ﻟﺸـﺨﺺ اﺳـﻤﻪ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﻟ ﱡﺼ َﻨﺎﺑِ ِﺤ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺻﺤﺎﰊ وﻻ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﳊﺎﻳﻚ ﻳﻘﻔﻮ ﺑ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ أﺛﺮ ا َﻷﺋِ ﱠﻤﺔ ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﺑﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﺠﺪ أﺑﺎ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ وﺟﻮده‪ ،‬و َﻟ ِﻜ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ ﻻ ُﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻬ َﲈ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن ﱂ ﻳﻨ ِﻒ وﺟﻮده‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻨﱠـ ُﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺒـﺖ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮدد ِﰲ إﺛﺒﺎت ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬وا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬وأﺛﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ آﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ َﻜﺒِﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،(429/9) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳﺦ ا ْﺑﻦ َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوري(‪ ،(38/3) ،‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل ﻋـﻦ ﳛﻴـﻰ ْﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ِﻌﲔ )رواﻳﺔ اﺑﻦ ﳏﺮز(‪ ،(153/2) ،‬واﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦ اﻷوﺳﻂ‪ ،(913/2) ،‬واﻟ َﺘﺎ ِرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،(321/5) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬واﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣﺎﺗِﻢ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(106‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳﺦ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺴﺎ ِﻛﺮ‪ ،(122 ،121/35) ،‬واﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ،(2/4) ،‬وﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻮﻫﻢ‬ ‫واﻹﳞﺎم ِﰲ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻄﺎن‪ ،(616-611/2) ،‬واﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ ِﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺑﺤﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉﺎﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﺤﺔ ِﰲ ﻧﻘﺾ‬ ‫ﻛِ َﺘﺎب اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ ِﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﺑﺤﺔ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﳌﺸﻬﻮر ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﳋﺎﻟﺪ اﳊﺎﻳﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﺑﺼﺪد ﻃﺒﻌﻪ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﲢـﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﺟﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أﻟﻔﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻟﴩح ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم واﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن واﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب ‪\" :‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﺗﺮ َﲨﺎن ﺷﻌﺐ اﻹﻳ َﲈن ﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ رﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ وﻓﻀﻠﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬أدرﺗﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺟﻮاب اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ اﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺴﺆال اﻷﻣﲔ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ َﲈ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة واﻟﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وأﻋﻈـﻢ اﻟﱪﻛـﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬اﳌﺸﺘﻤﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻴﺎن ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم واﻹﻳ َﲈن واﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ﲪﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺘ َﲈم ﻓ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﲨﻠﺔ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،\"...‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻳﺸـﲑ ﺑـ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ إِ َﱃ‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺬي َر َوا ُه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ا ِﳋ َﻄﺎب َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪ (1) ،(36‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎب ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ َن‪َ (1) ،‬ﺑﺎ ُب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ا ْ ِﻹﻳ َﲈ ِن‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ َﻘ َﺪ ِر َو َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ َﻋ ِﺔ‪ ،(8/1) ،‬وﻟﻠ َﺤ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪َ ،‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﺑﺄرﻗـﺎم ‪ ،(4777 ،50) :‬وﻣﺴـﻠﻢ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(10/7 ،5‬وا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪) :‬ص‪ (62‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ذﻛﺮه اﻟﻐﺰي اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي ﰲ ﲠﺠ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(36‬وﻗﺎل ‪\" :‬ﻋﺎرض ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ ﳌﻨﻌﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺪد\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ذﻛﺮه اﻟﻐﺰي اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻗﻮل اﺑﻨﻪ‪ ،‬إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ردا َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳌﴩﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﲠﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ‪) ،‬ص‪.(36‬‬ ‫)‪َ (8‬ﺑ ﱠ َﲔ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒﻜِ ﱡﻲ َﺳ َﺒ َﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴ ِﻔﻪ َﳍ َﺬا اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ إِ َﺟﺎ َﺑﺘِ ِﻪ َﻋ ْﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ٍﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ِﻒ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ اﺑ ُﻦ اﺑـ ِﻦ اﳌﻮﻗـﻮف ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻧﺼـﻴﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺪه‪ ،‬وﺑﻨﺘﺎ اﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ واﻟﺪ َﳘﺎ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ أﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ أوﻻد اﺑﻦ اﺑﻨﻪ واﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ اﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺘﻪ واﺑﻦ اﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺑﻨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُأ ُﺻﻮﳍﻢ أﺣﻴﺎء ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻮا‪ ،‬وإﻻ اﺳﺘﺤﻖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ أﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه ا َﳌ ْﺴ َﺄ َﻟﺔ ﻗﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬـﺎ ﻻ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎم وﻻ ِﰲ ﻣﴫـ‪،‬‬ ‫ورﺑ َﲈ ﻳﻐﱰ ﺑﻘﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻄ ًﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ َﺑ ْﻄﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴ ِﻢ ﻻ ﻟﻠﱰﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪﺻﻨﻔ ُﺖ ِﰲ َذ ِﻟ َﻚﺗﺼﻨﻴ ًﻔﺎﻟﻄﻴ ًﻔـﺎﺑﻴﻨـﺖﻓﻴـﻪ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪﻟﻠﱰﺗﻴـﺐﺳـﻤﻴﺘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳌﴩﻗﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺖ أن ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮع َﻋ َﲆ أﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻨـﻰ اﻟﱰﺗﻴـﺐ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺠﺐ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻷﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻘ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻔ َﲆ ﳾء ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ َض ﲨﻴﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ ِﰲ‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻫ َﺬا ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻃﻼق‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﱰن ﲠﺎﺗﲔ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟﻮاﻗﻒ ﻗﺮاﺋﻦ ﺗﺒﲔ أن اﳌﺮاد ﺣﺠﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻓـﺮع ﺑﺄﺻـﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛـ َﲈ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬واﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺎوى اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﺒ ِﻜ ّﻲ‪.(167/2) ،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺠﻴﺐ اﳌﻄﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬وﻃﺒﻌﺘﻪ دار اﻹرﺷﺎد ﺑﺠﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ ِﻔﻴﻪ)‪ ،(2)(1‬ورﻓ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻀ َﲈن َﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ ﱂ )‪(3‬ﳚﺪ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ إذا ﻧﺼﺒﻪ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﻸ َﻣﺎﻧﺔ)‪ ،(4‬وﺗﺼﻨﻴ ٌﻒ ﻟﻄﻴ ٌﻒ ﻓِﻴ َﲈ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓِﻴـﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ِﰲ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ اﺑﺘﺪا ًء)‪ ،(5‬و َﻧ ْ ُﴩ اﻟﻌﺒﲑ ﻟﻄّ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﻤﲑ)‪ ،(7)(6‬وأﺻـ ﱡﺢاﳌُﺴـﺘﻨﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲرﻓـ ِﻊاﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ)‪،(8‬واﻟﻔـﺘ ُﺢ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﻫ ُﺐ)‪ِ (9‬ﰲاﳊﻜ ِﻢﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔواﳌﻮﺟﺐ)‪،(10‬وﱂ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻟ ُﻪ َﻏ ْ ُﲑ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻻ ُﻧ َﻄ ﱢﻮ ُل ﺑﺬﻛ ِﺮه‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﺒﺐ ِﰲ ﻋﺪ ِم إﻛ َﲈ ِﻟﻪ ﻟﻐﺎﻟ ِﺐ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗِﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻛـﺎ َن ﻣﺸـﺘﻐﻼً ﺑﺎﻟـﺪروس‬ ‫واﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َﻮى‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻔﺮ ُغ إﻻ ﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ أول اﻟﻨﻬﺎر َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ُﻣ َﺪ ﱢر ًﺳﺎ ﲠﺬه اﳌﺪارس إِ َﱃ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ ‪/4‬ب ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﴫـ إِ َﱃ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﺮب)‪ (11‬ﻳﻜﺘ ُﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‪ ،‬ﻓﺄي َو ْﻗﺖ )‪(12‬ﻓﺮغ إﻧ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ واﻟﻌﴫ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻮرك ﻟـﻪ )‪ِ(13‬ﰲ َذ ِﻟـ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و َﻟـ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻴ ٌﻖ و ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻮ َدا ٌت َﻛﺜِﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن ِﰲ أﻳﺎم اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺪرس ﺑﻤﺪرﺳﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺎر ِة ﲠﺎء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻳﺎم اﻻﺷـﺘﻐﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴـﻤﻊ‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ِﰲ رﻣﻀﺎن‪ ،‬إ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﺒُ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي َأ ْو ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﻓﺮاﻏﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻼً‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ )‪(14‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ إﻻ َﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺎء ا ُﷲ‬ ‫إﻛ َﲈﻟﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﻮم اﳉﻤﻌﺔ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن اﳌﻴﻌﺎ ُد )‪ِ(15‬ﰲ ﻣﺪرﺳﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻞ ﻓﺮاﻏﻪ ﺟﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ورﺑ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ِﰲ دار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘﺐ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّﻳﺔ \"ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﴆ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬و َﻟ ُﻪ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻜﺎح‪ ،‬اﺑﺘﺪأﻫﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪) ،‬ق‪31‬أ( ‪\" :‬ﱂ أﺟﺪ آﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ إﳚﺎب اﻟﻨﻜـﺎح إﻻ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ﰲ ﻗﺼـﺔ زﻳﻨـﺐ ﺑﻨـﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﺶ رﴈ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ\"‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎول ﻫﺬه ا َﳌ ْﺴ َﺄ َﻟﺔ ﺑﴩح اﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻷﻟﻔﺎظ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﺗﻨﺎول اﳌﺴﺎﺋ َﻞ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴ َﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \" َﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻃﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﲑ ﻟﻨﴩ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﻤﲑ\"‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ َﻣﺎ ِﰲ )أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ذﻛﺮه اﺑ ُﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ ِﰲ ﳊ ِﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(140‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮان \"ﻃﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﲑ ﻟﻨﴩ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﻤﲑ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ أوﻟﻪ ‪ ...\" :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﻤﲑ‪ ،‬وﴏت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ آﺧ ًﺮا إِ َﱃ اﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻨﻲ اﳉ ﱡﻢ اﻟﻐﻔـ ُﲑ‪ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺪ َأ ْو ﺣﺴـﺪ ﻧـﺎزع ِﰲ َذﻟِـ َﻚ ﺑﻌـﺪ وﺿـﻮح‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻨﻔﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﺔ ُﻷ َﺑ ﱢ َﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷرﺟﺢ وأﺳﺎﺳﻪ‪ ،‬وﺳﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻧﴩ اﻟﻌﺒﲑ ﻟﻄﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﻤﲑ‪ ،‬وﻫﺎ أﻧﺎ أذﻛﺮ ُﺻﻮ َرة اﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣـﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮر اﳌﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ وﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َﻮى ﺑﻪ آﺧ ًﺮا‪ ...‬ﻓﺄﻗﻮل وﺑﺎﷲ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪ُ :‬ﺻﻮ َرة ا َﳌ ْﺴ َﺄ َﻟﺔ إﻣﺮأة وﻗﻔﺖ‬ ‫وﻗ ًﻔﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ َﻋ َﲆ أوﻻدﻫﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻋ َﲆ أوﻻدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﴍﻃﻬﺎ أن ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﻢ أﲨﻌـﲔ ﻗﺒـﻞ دﺧﻮﻟـﻪ ِﰲ َﻫـ َﺬا اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗـﺖ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻪ ﻟﴚ ٍء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬وأل اﳊﺎل وﻟﻮ َﻛﺎ َن اﳌُ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﰱ ﺣﻴﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ْو ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎم َو َﻟ ُﺪه وإن ﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ِﰲ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎق‪،‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺤﻖ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ أﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻟﻮ َﻛﺎ َن ﺣﻴﺎ‪ .\"...‬ﻧﴩ اﻟﻌﺒﲑ ﻟﻄﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﻤﲑ‪) ،‬ق‪.(2‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (9‬ﰲ )ب( \"ا َﳌ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﺻﻮاب اﳌﻮﻫﺐ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬ﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ أوﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿ ًﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪) ،‬ق‪ (143‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺗﺸﺴﱰﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ دﺑﻠﻦ ﺑﺈﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا‪\" :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘ ُﻊ ِﰲ ﻛﻼ ِم ا ُﳊ ﱠﻜﺎ ِم ا ُﳊ ْﻜ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺟﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﺮف َﻣﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻳﱰﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺼﺪت أن أوﺿـﺢ اﳌﺴـﺎﻟﻚ ِﰲ َذﻟِـ َﻚ َﻫـ َﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ اﳌﺴﻤﻰ ‪\" :‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ اﳌﻮﻫﺐ ِﰲ اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﳌﻮﺟﺐ\"\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (11‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻐﺮوب\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (12‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﺘﻔﺮغ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" ِﰲ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻣﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (15‬ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \" ِﰲ ﲨﻌﺘﻪ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬

‫و َﻛﺎ َن َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻛﺜِﲑ اﻟﺼﺪﻗ ِﺔ ﻃﺎر ًﺣﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺋ ًﲈ ِﰲ اﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺎ ًﴏا ﻟﻠ ﱡﺴـﻨﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣ ًﻌـﺎ ﻷﻫـﻞ اﻟﺒﺪﻋـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻄﻼً ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮس واﳌﻈﺎﱂ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻌﻈﱠ ًﲈ ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﳌﻠﻮك‪ ،‬أﺑﻄﻞ ِﰲ دوﻟـﺔ اﳌﻠـﻚ اﻷﴍف ﺷـﻌﺒﺎن ﺑـﻦ ﺣﺴـﲔ ﻣﻜـﺲ اﳌﻼﻫـﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﺑﻄ َﻞ ِﰲ دوﻟ ِﺔ وﻟﺪه اﳌﻨﺼﻮر َﻋ َﲆ أﻳﺎم ﻃﺸﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺪوادار)‪ (1‬ﻣﻜﺲ اﻟﻘﺮارﻳﻂ)‪ ،(2‬واﳌﺘﺤﺼﻞ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬـﺎ آﻻف َﻛﺜِـﲑة‪ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻜﺲ اﻟﻘﺮارﻳﻂ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺪو ِر َﻛﺜِﲑ اﻟﺸﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺟﺪا ﺑﺎ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر أن ﻣﻮ ِﺿ َﻌﻪ َﻗ ِﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ﻣﻦ اﳌـﺪار ِس اﻟﺼـﺎﳊﻴﺔ)‪ (3‬اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎ ُة ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ﱠﺪ َر اﷲُ إزاﻟ َﺔ َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﺮض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳌﻨﺼﻮ ُر ﻋـﲆ أﻳـﺎ ِم ﻃﺸـﺘﻤﺮ َﻗ َﻀـﺎ َء اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـﺪﻳﺎر‬ ‫اﳌﴫﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎع‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ إ ﱠن اﷲَ ﻋﻮ َﺿﻪ َﻋﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ ﺑﺄن وﻟﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ ﻗﺒـﻞ وﻓﺎﺗـﻪ ﺑ َﺴـﻨَﺔ وﻧﺼـﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫وأﻋﺠﺒﻪ َذﻟِ َﻚ إﻋﺠﺎ ًﺑﺎ َﻛﺜِ ًﲑا‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ رأى ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻪ ِﰲ اﳌﻨﺎ ِم ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ وأرﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻳﺼﲇ اﻟﻌﻴ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻐ َﲑواﻟﻜﺒـ َﲑ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ ﻳﺘَ َﻮ ﱠﱃ َﻗ َﻀﺎ َء اﻟﺪﻳﺎ ِر اﳌﴫﻳ ِﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم ﻋ ًﴩا‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎ َﴍ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ َم ﻋﴩ ﺷﻬﻮر ﻛـ َﲈ ﺗﻘـﺪم‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻔ ﱠ َﴪـ ا َْﳌ َﻨـﺎ ُم‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻷَ ِﻣﲑ ﺳﻴﻒ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ اﻟﻨﺎﴏي اﻟ ّﺴﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑ ِﺤ ﱠﻤﺺ أﺧﴬ؛ ﻷﻧـﻪ َﻛـﺎ َن ﻳﺄﻛ ُﻠـﻪ َﻛﺜِـ ًﲑا‪ ،‬ﻓﺴـ ﱠﲈه ﺧﻮﺷﺪاﺷـﻮه‬ ‫ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪743‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣ َﻌﻨﻰ دوادار ﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﻴﺔ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎﺳﻚ اﻟﺪواة‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈﺔ دار ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎﺳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻮام اﳌِ ْ ِﴫـ ّﻳﲔ أن دار ﻫـﻲ اﻟـﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﻜﻦ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن ِﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺰ َﻣﺎم ‪ :‬ز َﻣﺎم اﻵدر‪ ،‬وﺻﻮاﺑﻪ ز َﻣﺎم دار‪.‬‬ ‫وأول ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪث ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِﰲ زﻣﻨﻬﻢ وزﻣﻦ اﳋﻠﻔﺎء ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﻢ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺻﺎرت ِﰲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻴـﱪس‬ ‫ﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﴩة‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺻﺎرت ِﰲ ﻋﻬﺪه وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ أو ًﻻ َﻏ ْﲑ ﺟﻨﺪي‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻮ ًﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻧـﻮاع اﳌﺒـﺎﴍة‪ ،‬وﻣﻮﺿـﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺪوادار ﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ َﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‪ ،‬وإﺑﻼغ ﻋﺎ ّﻣﺔ اﻷﻣﻮر‪ ،‬وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ إِ َﱃ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‪ ،‬واﳌﺸﺎورة َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ﳛﴬ إِ َﱃ اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ واﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﲆ وﻇﻴﻔﺘـﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟـﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮﻓﻴـﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـ َﻔ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،(251/16) ،‬واﳌَـ َﻮا ِﻋ ِﻆ واﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒـﺎر‪ ،(222/2) ،‬واﳌَ ْﻨ َﻬـ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(392/6) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة ﻟﻪ‪ ،(165/7) ،‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ْﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪.(134/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ْ َ (2‬ﲨ ُﻊ ﻗِ َﲑاط‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮز ِن ﻣﻌﺮوف‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ أﺟﺰاء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻨﺎر‪ ،‬واﻟﻴﺎء ﻓِﻴﻪ ﺑﺪل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاء ﻓﺈن أﺻﻠﻪ ﻗِ ﱠﺮاط‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﴩـه‬ ‫ِﰲ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﻼد‪ ،‬وأﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم ﳚﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺰ ًءا ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻌﺔ وﻋﴩـﻳﻦ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻛـ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ ِﻋ ْﻨـﺪ اﳉﻤﻬـﻮر‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻳﻌـﺎدل اﻵن ‪ 1771‬ﺟـﺮام‪،‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺎدل اﻵن ِﻋﻨْﺪ ا َﳊﻨَ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺔ ‪ 2125‬ﺟﺮام‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱢ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ واﻷﺛﺮ‪ ،(42/4) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈـﻮر‪ ،(3591 /5) ،‬واﳌﻜﺎﻳﻴـ َﻞ واﳌـﻮازﻳﻦ اﻟﴩـﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ َﻌِ ّﲇ ﲨﻌﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(23‬واﳌﻘﺎدﻳ َﺮ اﻟﴩﻋﻴﺔ وا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻬﻴﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲠﺎ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﻧ ْﺠﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻛﺮدي‪) ،‬ص‪.(36‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﺑﺨﻂ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻘﴫﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﴫ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ اﻟﴩﻗ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻨﻰ ﻓِﻴﻪ اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﻟﺢ َﻧ ْﺠـﻢ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‬ ‫َأ ﱡﻳﻮب ﺑﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺎدل َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ َأ ﱡﻳﻮب ﻫﺎﺗﲔ اﳌﺪرﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺑﺘﺪأ ﲠﺪم ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻫﺬه اﳌـﺪارس ِﰲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻘﴫـ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﴩ ذي اﳊﺠﺔ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ وﺛﻼﺛﲔ وﺳﺘ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ودك أﺳﺎس اﳌﺪارس ِﰲ راﺑﻊ ﻋﴩ رﺑﻴﻊ اﻵﺧﺮ َﺳﻨَﺔ أرﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ورﺗﺐ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ درو ًﺳـﺎ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﳌﻨﺘﻤﲔ إِ َﱃ اﳌﺬاﻫﺐ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ إﺣﺪى وأرﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﺘ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ أول ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﻳﺎر ﻣﴫ دروﺳ ًﺎ أرﺑﻌﺔ ِﰲ ﻣﻜـﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ودﺧﻞ ِﰲ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺪارس ﺑﺎب اﻟﻘﴫ اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺒﺎب اﻟﺰﻫﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌَ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ واﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪.(374/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬

‫ﺑِﻮﻻﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬وأﺧﱪﲏ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣﺒﻨﺎ َ ْﳎ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﱪ َﻣﺎوي)‪ (1‬أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ َﻗﺎ َل ﻟﻪ ﺗﻔﺴ َﲑ ا َﳌ َﻨﺎم ﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬أ ﱠﻣـﺎ اﳌﺮاﺋـﻲ اﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُﺗﺮى ﻟﻪ ﻓ َﻌ ِﺠﻴﺒﺔ ﺟﺪا‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺮاه ُﻫ َﻮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺧﱪﲏ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ رأى ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻮ ِم ﻗﻄﺮات ﻧﺎزﻟ ًﺔ ِﰲ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ ِش‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْر َﺳ َﻞ إِﻟَﻴْ ِﻪ ﺑﻌ ُﺾ اﻷوﻟﻴﺎ ِء ﻛﻼ ًﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ َﻊ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺮا ِت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻄﺮت ِﰲ ﻓِﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮش إذا وﻟﻴﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﺪل‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺧﱪﲏ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ُﺦ ﻛ َﲈ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻣ ْ ِﲑ ّي)‪ (2‬أ ﱠن َﺑ ْﻌ َﺾ َأ ْوﻟِﻴﺎ ِء اﷲِ َر َأى َﻗﺎﺋِ ًﻼ ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ‪ :‬إ ﱠن َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إ ﱠن ا َﷲ َﻳ ْﺒ َﻌ ُﺚ ﻷُ ﱠﻣﺘِﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َر ْأ ِس ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﻣﺎﺋ ِﺔ َﺳ َﻨﺔ َﻣ ْﻦ ُ َﳚ ﱢﺪ ُد َﳍﺎ َأ ْﻣ َﺮ ِدﻳﻨِ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ا ْﻓ ُﺘﺘِ َﺤـ ْﺖ ﺑِ ُﻌ َﻤـﺮ‪ ،‬وا ْﺧﺘُﺘِ َﻤـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑِ ُﻌ َﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻟﺮاﺋﻲ ‪ :‬وﻓﻬﻤﺖ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺧﱪﲏ ُﻫ َﻮ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ رأى اﻟ ﱠﻨﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ اﷲُ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ و َﺳ ﱠﻠﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﻨﻮم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬أﻧﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ؟ ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌـﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬اﻟﱠ ِﺬي ﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﻟﻚ اﻟﺒُ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ؟ ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌﻢ َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬وﻟﱠﻴْ ُﺘ َﻚ َﻗ َﻀﺎ َء اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻳﺎ ِر اﳌِ ْ ِﴫـ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫َﻗﺒِ ْﻠ ُﺖ ‪/5‬أ َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳﻮ َل اﷲِ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ُﻳ ْﻌ َ َﱰ ُض َﻋ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻓﺘﺎواه ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻘﻊ ﲠﺎ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀـﺎ ُء ِﰲ ﻣـﺪة ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠـﻴﺲ أﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ﳚﴪ َﻋ َﲆ أن ﻳﻘﴤ إﻻ أن َﻳ َﺮى ﻓﺘﻮاه‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺎن‪ ،‬وأﺧﱪﲏ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺷﻬﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ أﺑـﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒـﺎس اﻟﻐـﺰاوي‬ ‫اﳌَﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓﺎة اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ ﺑﺜﻼث ﺳﻨﲔ وﳾء‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﴬة َﲨﺎﻋ ٍﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﺘـﻪ‪َ ،‬و َذ َﻛـ َﺮ َأ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ َﻗﺎﻟَـﻪ ﻟـﻪ ِﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧـ ُﻪ رأى‬ ‫ﺷﺨ ًﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﻴﺎ ِء ا ِﷲ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ِﰲ ز َﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ َﻫ َﺬا؟ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﺪاء‪ ،‬إﺳ َﲈﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ – وﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﺮي ﺑﺮدي ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة \" َأ ِﰊ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﻋـﲇ\"‪ ،‬وﰲ اﳌﻨﻬـﻞ \"ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﲇ\" ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪834‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬دﻳﻮا ِن ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﻐﺰي‪ ،( 308/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠـﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(861/2/4) ،‬واﳌﻨﻬـ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(412/2) ،‬واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة ﻟﻪ‪ ،(335/14) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪،(86/4) ،‬‬ ‫و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪.(208/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜ َﲈل اﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻣ ْ ِﲑ ّي اﻷﺻﻞ‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َن اﺳ ُﻤﻪ أو ًﻻ ﻛ َﲈ ًﻻ ﺑﻐﲑ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻄ ِﻪ ِﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ًﺪا‪ ،‬وﺻﺎر ﻳﻜﺸ ُﻂ اﻷول‪ ،‬وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻟﺘﻀـﻤﻨﻪ ﻧﻮ ًﻋـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺠﺮ اﺳﻤﻪ اﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ُ .‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪808‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ذﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘـ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(269/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴـ ُﻠﻮ ِك ﳌَِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـﺔ ُد َو ِل اﳌُ ُﻠـﻮك‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(22/1/4) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘـﺎ ِت‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(61/4) ،‬واﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(59/10) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(347/5) ،‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫وﱂ ﻳﺰ ْل َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑﺼﺪده‪ُ ،‬ﻳ َﺪ ﱢر ُس‪ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﻔﺘِـﻲ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﺼـ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﻤـِﲇ‪ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻔ ﱢ ُﴪـ اﻟﻘـﺮءا َن‪ ،‬و َﻳ ِﻌـ ُﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎ َس إِ َﱃ أن أﺻﻴ َﺐ)‪ (1‬اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻌﻒ ﻧﺤ ًﻮا ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺎه اﷲُ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻴ ًﺪا ﲪﻴـ ًﺪا ﻳـﻮم اﳉﻤﻌـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻼة)‪ (2‬ﻋﺎﴍ ذي اﻟﻘﻌﺪة‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ)‪ ،(3‬وﻋﻄﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧﺰﻟﺖ أﻣﺮاء اﻟﺪوﻟ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﲪﻠﺖ ﺟﻨﺎزﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎز ُﺗﻪ ﻋﻈﻴﻤ ًﺔ ﱂ ُﻳ َﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﺼﺎ ِر اﻟ َﻘ ِﺮﻳﺒ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ووﻗﻊ اﻟﻨﻮ ُح ِﰲ أﻗﻄﺎ ِر اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ِﰲ ﻃﻮاﺋﻒ اﳌﺨـﺎﻟ ِﻔﲔ ﻟﻠ ِﻤ ﱠﻠـ ِﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﲪِ َﻠ ْﺖ ﺟﻨﺎز ُﺗ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺮءو ِس‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄ ْﻊ أﺣ ٌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮ ِة اﻟ ّﺰ َﺣﺎ ِم اﻟﻮﺻـﻮ َل إﻟﻴﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن ﻳﻮ ًﻣـﺎ ﻣﺸـﻬﻮ ًدا‪،‬‬ ‫و ُدﻓِ َﻦ ﺑﻤﺪرﺳﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪ ﻣﺮاﺛﻲ َﻛﺜِﲑة‪ ،‬وروﻳﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎ َﻣﺎ ٌت ﺻﺎﳊ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻧﺎ أﺳﺘﻮ ِف)‪ (4‬ﻣﻦ َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺛـﺎه اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ ُﺦ ﺑﺮﻫـﺎ ُن‬ ‫أﻗـــﺎ َم َﻋـــ َﲆ اﳌﺤﺒـــ ِﺔ َﻣـــﺎ ﺳـــﻼ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ َﻐ ﱢﺰ ّي اﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ُز ﱠﻗﺎﻋﺔ)‪َ ،(5‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻟﻴــ ُﻒ اﻟ َﻮ ْﺟـــ ِﺪ ﺑﻘﺮﺑِــﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺴـــﻼ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﺄ َﻟﻔـــــﻪ وﻋﻄﺸـــــﺎ ٌن إِ َﱃ َﻣــــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ِﺤـــ ﱡﻦ ﺣﻨـــ َﲔ ﻣﺸـــﺘﺎ ٍق إِ َﱃ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﺳـــﻰ ا ُﳊـــ ﱢﺐ َﻛﻠِ ُﻤـــﻪ ﻛﻼ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ ﻫﻀــﺒﺎ ِت ﻗﻠــ ٍﺐ ﻗــﺪ ﺗﺮا َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠــــ َﻢ ﻗﻠ ُﺒــــﻪ ﺑﻜــــﻼ ِم ﻣﻮﺳــــﻰ‬ ‫َﻛــــﺄ ﱠن ﺿــــﻠﻮ َﻋﻪ َﺗ ْﺮ ِﻣــــﻲ َﲨــــﺎ ًرا‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒــــﺪي ﻛــــﻞ آوﻧــــﻪ ﻏ َﲈ َﻣــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻛــــﺄ ﱠن دﻣﻮ َﻋــــﻪ َﻧــــ ْﻮء)‪ (6‬اﻟ ﱡﺜ َﺮ ﱠﻳــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـــﻪ ﺣـــﲔ أودﻋـــﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺴـــ َﻘﺎ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﻛـــﺄ ﱠن َر ِﺳـــﻴ َﺲ)‪ (7‬ﻟﻮﻋﺘـــﻪ رﺣﻴـــ ٌﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء ﺣﺮف ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"اﻟﻄﻼة\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻄﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﻌﺮوف واﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮر أن َﺳﻨَﺔ َو َﻓﺎة اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪805‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﺑﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ أﳖﺎ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪850‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬واﳌﺆﻛﺪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻗـﺪ َﺳـ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻫ َﺬا ِﺧ َﻼف َﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﱰﲨﺔ أن وﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪805‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ )أ( ﻃـﺮح أﺣـﺪﻫﻢ َﺳـ َﻨﺔ ﻣـﻴﻼد اﳌﺆﻟـﻒ‬ ‫‪724‬ﻫـ ﻣﻦ َﺳ َﻨﺔ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ ‪805‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن اﻟﻨﺎﺗ ُﺞ اﻟ َﻮا ِﺣﺪ واﻟﺜ َﲈﻧﲔ َﺳ َﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺷﻬﺎ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘـﺐ ﺑﺠﻮارﻫـﺎ ‪ :‬ﻛـ َﲈ ِﰲ آﺧﺮﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (62‬أي ورﻗﺔ )‪ ،(62‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﲑ إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮ اﻟﱰﲨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﺑﻨﻪ َﺳ َﻨﺔ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺮة أﺧـﺮى ﻛـ َﲈ ذﻛﺮﻧـﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ﱠﻨـ ُﻪ ِﰲ ورﻗـﺔ‬ ‫)‪ ،(63‬وﻟﻴﺲ ِﰲ )‪ ،(62‬ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َو ﱠﻗ َﻊ ﺑﺠﻮار َﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ذاﻛ ًﺮا َﺗﺎ ِرﻳﺦ َذﻟِ َﻚ و ُﻫﻮ ‪ ،52/9/29‬ﻫﻜﺬا ﻛﺘﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ ﻫﻜﺬا ﰲ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪ ،‬واﻷﺻﻞ \"ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰲ\"؛ ﻷن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳎﺰوم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (5‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲠﺎدر ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﻮﻓﲇ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺸﺎب ا ِﳊ َﺮ ِﰲ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪816‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ذﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ ِﻴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(439 /1) ،‬و َﺗ ْﻮ ِﺿﻴ ِﺢ ا ُﳌ ْﺸ َﺘﺒ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻧﺎ ِ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪ ،(210 /4) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ِك‬ ‫ِﰲ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(278/1/4) ،‬وا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(165/1) ،‬وﺗﺒﺼ ِﲑ اﳌﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(608 /2) ،‬وﳊ ِﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(165‬واﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(130/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (6‬وا ِﺣﺪ اﻷﻧﻮاء‪ ،‬إﻧ َﲈ ﺳﻤﻲ َﻧ ْﻮ ًءا ﻷﻧﻪ إذا ﺳﻘﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮب ﻧﺎء اﻟﻄـﺎﻟﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﴩـق‪ ،‬ﻳﻨُـﻮء ﻧـﻮ ًءا‪ ،‬أي ﳖـﺾ وﻃﻠـﻊ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِـ َﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻬﻮض ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻮء‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﺴ ﱢﻤﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺎﻫﺾ ﺑﺜﻘﻞ وإﺑﻄﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻮء ِﻋ ْﻨﺪ ﳖﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻮء ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺴﻘﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(536/15) ،‬واﻟﻨﱢ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْ َﻷ َﺛـ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا ْﻷَﺛِـﲑ‪ ،(121/5) ،‬واﻟﻌﺒـﺎ َب اﻟﺰاﺧـﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﺒﺎب اﻟﻔﺎﺧﺮ‪) ،‬ﺣﺮف اﳍﻤﺰة ص‪ ،(184‬ﻟﻠﺼﻐﺎﲏ‪ ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(3738/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي أﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﺔ وأﺛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(191/7) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(291/12) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳـﺪ‪،(181/1) ،‬‬ ‫وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(1641/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬

‫وﻋﻠـــﻞ وﻗـــﺪ ﻳﴘـــ ُء اﻟ ِﻔ َﻄـــﺎ َم‬ ‫َﻛــــﺄ ﱠن اﳊــــ ﱠﺐ أر َﺿــــ َﻌﻪ ﻟﺒﺎ ًﻧــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ ﺟــﻴ ِﺶ اﻟﺼــﺒﺎ وﱃ اﳖﺰا َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫َﻛـــــﺄ ﱠن ﻣﺸـــــﻴ َﺒﻪ ﳌﱠـــــﺎ َﺗـــــ َﻮ ﱠﱃ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺴـــ ﱠﻞ َﻋـــ َﲆ ﻣﻔﺎر ِﻗـــﻪ ُﺣ َﺴـــﺎ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮاﻋــــﻰ أن ُﻳﻠِــــ ﱠﻢ)‪ (1‬ﺑــــﻪ ﳌِﺎ َﻣــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻛــــﺄ ﱠن اﻟــــﱪ َق ﺑــــﺎ َر َزه ﺑِ َﻠ ْﻴــــ ٍﻞ‬ ‫َﻛــــﺄ ﱠن َﻋــــ َﲆ ﺧــــﻮاﻃِ ِﺮه َرﻗﻴ ًﺒــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺴــ َﻢ ﻟــﻦ ﻳﻌــﻮ َد وﻟــﻦ ﻳﻨﺎ َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫رآه ﺑﻌـــــﺪ َﻣﺎ َﻓ َﻘـــــ َﺪ اﻟﻜِ َﺮا َﻣـــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻛـــﺄ ﱠن اﻟﻨـــﻮ َم ﻋـــﺎدى ﻣ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺘﻴـــﻪ)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻟــــﺮ ﱢب اﻟ َﻌــــ ْﺮ ِش َﻛــــﺎ َن ﻟِ َﺰا َﻣــــﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﻴـﻒ َﻳ َﻨـﺎ ُم َﻣـ ْﻦ َﻓ َﻘـ َﺪ اﻟ َﻜـ َﺮى)‪َ (3‬ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫إ َﻣــﺎم اﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ﻣــﻦ ﺳــﺒﻌﲔ ﻋﺎ َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫‪/5‬ب إذا ﺑﻜــ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺴــ َﲈ ُء َﻋــ َﲆ و ﱟﱄ‬ ‫وﻛﻴــﻒ؟ وﻛﻴــﻒ؟ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻜــﻲ إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣــﺎ‬ ‫و َﺣـــ ْ ًﱪا ُﺛـــ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﺤـــ ًﺮا ﻻ ﻳﺮاﻣـــﻰ)‪(4‬‬ ‫وﻣــﻦ ﻗــﺪ َﻛــﺎ َن ﻟﻺﺳــﻼم َﺷــ ْﻴ ًﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﻴــــﺎ ﻋﻠﻤــــﻪ وﺳــــﻊ اﻷَﻧﺎ َﻣــــﺎ‬ ‫وﻣـــﻦ وﺳـــﻊ اﻷَ َﻧـــﺎم ﺑﻜـــﻞ ُﻓﺘﻴـــﺎ‬ ‫ﴎا ُج اﻟــ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻛــﻢ أﻃﻔــ َﺄ ﻇﻼ َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫وﻛـــﻢ أﻃﻔـــ َﺄ ﴎا ُج اﻟـــ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻇﻠـــ ًﲈ‬ ‫ﺗﺴــــﺎﻣﻰ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠــــﻮم إِ َﱃ ﺳــــ َﲈ ٍء‬ ‫أﻗـــﺎم َﻋـــ َﲆ اﳌﺤﺒـــﺔ َﻣـــﺎ ﺳـــﻼ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﲪـــﺎه اﷲُ ﻣـــﻦ ِ َﲪـــﻰ اﳌﻌـــﺎﴆ‬ ‫ﻟـــﺪﻳ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـــ ِﺪ اﳍـــﺎدي َﲢﺎ َﻣـــﺎ)‪(5‬‬ ‫وﻛﺸـــــﺎ ُف اﳌﻌـــــﺎﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـــــﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـــﻮ ُد ﺑﻴﺎﻧـــﻪ ُﺗﺒـــﺪي اﺑﺘﺴـــﺎ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﺣــــﺎوي ﻟﻠﻔﻀــــﺎﺋ ِﻞ واﳌﺰاﻳــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻋـــﲆ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ِﺟ َﻬـــﺎ َﻳ ْ ِﴪـــي إ َﻣﺎ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫أﻗــﺎ َم َﻋــ َﲆ ﺑﺴــﻴ ِﻂ)‪ (6‬اﻟﻌﻠــﻢ ﻟﻔ ًﻈــﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﻴـــ ًﺰا ﻣﺜـــﻞ َﻣـــﺎ ﻋﻠـــ َﲈ أﻗﺎ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي ﻳﻨﺰل ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎزﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(376/10) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(605‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4078/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ ُﻣ ْﻘ َﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺳﻮادﻫﺎ وﺑﻴﺎﺿﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺳﻮا ُدﻫﺎ وﺑﻴﺎ ُﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪو ُر ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ ُﻛ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ وإِﻧ َﲈ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ُﻣ ْﻘﻠﺔ ﻷﳖﺎ َﺗ ْﺮ ِﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬واﳌَ ْﻘﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻣ ُﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(175/5) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(184/9) ،‬وﻣﻌﺠـ َﻢ ﻣﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ ﻓـﺎرس‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(341/5‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(440/5) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4244/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬أي اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﻌﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(403/5) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(316/6) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(173/5) ،‬واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪.(106/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي ُﻳ ْﺮ َﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱢ َﻀﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ ْ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(436/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬أي َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﺪاﻓ ًﻌﺎ َﻋﻨﻪ و َﻣﺎﻧ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺼﺪره ﳏﺎ َﻣﺎة‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ أﺧﺬ ﻟﻔﻆ اﳌﺤﺎ َﻣﺎة اﻟﻌﴫﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(1015/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي ﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌ ﱠﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻐﺰاﱄ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي اﺧﺘﴫه ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ دراﻳﺔ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺠﻮﻳﻨﻲ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬

‫ﻓ َﺄ ْﺳـــ َﻔ َﺮ َﻋـــﻦ ﻣﺼـــﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﻟﺜﺎ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫إذا ﻟـــﺒ َﺲ اﳌُ َﺤـــ ﱠﺮ َر)‪ (1‬ﻣـــﻦ ﺑـــﺮو ٍد‬ ‫ﺗﺴـــﲑ ﺑﺒﺤـــﺮه َﻟﻜِـــﻦ ﺑـــﻼ َﻣـــﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻘــﻞ ﻛﺄ ًﺳــﺎ ﻳﻄــﻮف َﻋــ َﲆ اﻟﻨــﺪا َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗــﺮى أﻋــﻼ َم َﻋ َﻠــ ٍﻢ ﻛــﺎﳉﻮاري)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻌﻠـــﻮ َذﻟِـــ َﻚ اﻟﻔـــﺮع اﻟﺮﻛﺎ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫وإ ْن َ َﴎ َد اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠـــــﻮ َم ﻟﻴـــــﻮ ِم در ٍس‬ ‫َﺻــــــ ِﺤﻴ ًﺤﺎ ﻓــــــﺎق اﻟﺘ َﲈ َﻣــــــﺎ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻔـــ ﱢﺮ ُع ُﻛـــ ﱠﻞ َﻓـــ ْﺮ ٍع ِﻣـــ ْﻦ ُأ ُﺻـــﻮ ٍل‬ ‫وﳛﻠــﻮا َﻋــﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺴــﺘﻬﺎ َﻗ َﺘﺎ َﻣــﺎ)‪(3‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ ﻧ ِﴩــ ا َْﳊــ ِﺪﻳﺚ ُﻣــﺮوق ﺳــﻤ ًﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ َﻤ ْﺬ َﻫﺒــــــﻪ ﻓﻨﻈﻤــــــﻪ ﻧﻈﺎ َﻣــــــﺎ‬ ‫َﳛِـــ ﱡﻞ اﳌُﺸـــﻜﻼ ِت ﺑﻐـــ ِﲑ َﻟـــ ْﺒ ٍﺲ‬ ‫و َﺻــــﺎ َر ﻟــــﻪ ﺑﻜ ِﻔﻴــــﻪ ﳉﺎ َﻣــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻛـــــﺄ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺸـــــﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ إﻟﻴـــــﻪ أوﴅ‬ ‫َر َﻋـــﻰ اﻟـــ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ َذ ﱠﻳـــﺎك اﻟ ﱢﺰ َﻣﺎ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫َﻛـــﺄ ﱠن اﻟﻌﻠـــ َﻢ ِﰲ اﻟـــﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺟـــﻮاد‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ َﻣــﺎ ﺣﻮﳍــﺎ ﴍ ًﻓــﺎ ُﺛ َﲈ َﻣــﺎ)‪(4‬‬ ‫ز َﻣـــﺎ ُم اﻟﻌﻠـــ ِﻢ أﺿـــﺤﻰ ِﰲ ﻳﺪﻳـــﻪ‬ ‫و َﻛـــﺎ َن ﻟــــﻪ ﺑﺴــــﺎﺣﺘِﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎ َﻣــــﺎ‬ ‫َﺗ َ ﱠﴩــﻓ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﻳــﺎ ُض ﺑــﺄرض ِ ِﻣ ْ َﴫــ‬ ‫ﻷ ﱠن ﴐ َﳛـــــﻪ)‪ (5‬ﻓِﻴﻬـــــﺎ ُﻣﻘـــــﻴ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻀــﻴﻨﺎ اﳊــ ﱠﺞ ﺿــﲈ)‪ (6‬واﺳــﺘﻼ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫إذا ُز ْر َﻧـــﺎ َ ِﴐﻳـــ َﺢ اﳊـــﱪ ﻳﻮ ًﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫وﻛـــ ﱡﻞ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗـــ ِﺖ َأ ْﻗ ِﺮ ْﺋـــ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴـــﻼ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫و َأ ْﻗ ِﺮ ْﺋـــ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴـــﻼ َم ﺑﻜـــ ﱢﻞ َو ْﻗـــ ٍﺖ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ اﳉ ﱠﻨـــﺎ ِت ﻳﺘﻠﻮﻫـــﺎ اﻟﻨﱢﻌﺎ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ ُﻤ ْﺜــ ٍﺮ)‪ (8)(7‬ﻣــﻦ ﺣﻮاﺷــﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺰا َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــــﻼ ًﻣﺎ ﻛﻠــــ َﲈ َﻫ ﱠﺒــــ ْﺖ ﻧﺴــــﻴ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ﺗـــﺰو ُر ﴐ َﳛـــﻪ ِﰲ ﻛـــ ﱢﻞ ﺣـــ ٍﲔ‬ ‫ورﺛﺎه اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼﻣ ُﺔ ا َْﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ ﺷﻬﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل)‪: (9‬‬ ‫واذري اﻟــــ ﱡﺪ ُﻣﻮ َع وﻻ ُﺗﺒ ِﻘــــﻲ وﻻ َﺗــــ َﺬ ِري‬ ‫‪/6‬أ ﻳـﺎ ﻋـ ُﲔ ﺟـﻮدي ﻟ َﻔ ْﻘـ ِﺪ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤـﺮ ﺑِـﺎﳌَ َﻄ ِﺮ)‪(10‬‬ ‫)‪،(249/2‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﰲ‬ ‫وا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ‬ ‫ََوْﲥا ِ ُﳌﺬﻳ ِﺤ َﻴﺐ اﻂﻟاﱡﻠْ َﻐﻷَ ِﺔْﻋ‪َ ،‬ﻈِﻟﻢ َﻸ‪ْ ،‬ز َﻫﻻ ْﺑِﺮ ِﻦّي ِ‪،‬ﺳﻴ) َﺪ‪6‬ه‪4،1(4/580) /،‬و‪ُ4‬ﻣ( ْﻌ‪َ ،‬ﺠوﻟَِﻢ َﺴَﻣﺎ َﻘ َنﺎﻳِاﻴﻟ َﻌ َِﺮﺲ ا ِﻟبﱡﻠ‪َ ،‬ﻐ ِﺔﻻ‪ْ،‬ﺑ ِﻦﻻ ْﺑَﻣ ِﻨْﻦ ُﻈَﻓﺎﻮ ِرر‪،‬س)‪،(2.(4278/21/)1،‬‬ ‫= ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ ِﻛ َﺘﺎب ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﺮر ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أي اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻔﻦ وا َﳌ َﺮا ِﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳉﺮﻳﺎن ﺻﻔ ٌﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ٌﺔ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْﻷَ َﺛ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْ َﻷﺛِﲑ‪ ،(102/4) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(610/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬أي ﻏﺒﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎد‪ ،(370/5) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(343/6) ،‬وﳐﺘـﺎ َر‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(521‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺷﺠ ٌﺮ ﺿﻌﻴ ٌﻒ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ ُﻛ ِﴪ ﻣﻦ أ ْﻏﺼﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﺠﺮ ﻓ ُﻮ ِﺿﻊ ﻟﻨَ َﻀﺪ اﻟ ّﺜﻴﺎب‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َﻳﺒِﺲ ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ُﺛ َﲈم‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠ َﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﺎرس‪.(369 /1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴬح و ُﻫﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻖ‪ ،‬وﻟ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻲ ﴐ ًﳛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻖ ِﰲ اﻷرض ﺷ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻗﱪ ﺑﻼ ﳊﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ﱡﻖ ِﰲ وﺳـﻂ اﻟﻘـﱪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﴬﻳﺢ اﻟﻘﱪ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(206/4) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(2572/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺻﻤ ًﺘﺎ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﺻﻮاب ﺿ َﲈ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺘﺪﺛﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬أي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(114/15) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(374/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ اﻟﺮﺛﺎء ﰲ ‪ :‬دﻳﻮان اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪.(105‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺠ َﻤﻊ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﺳﺲ \"ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻬﺮ\"‪.(304/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬

‫ُﺷـــ ُﻬ ٌﺐ و َ ْﲨـــ ٌﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﻨـــﻲ ِﺟ ْﺮ َﻳـــ َﺔ اﻟﻨﱠﻬـــــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻟـــﻮ َر ﱠد ﺗﺮدﻳـــ ُﺪ)‪َ (1‬د ْﻣـــ ٍﻊ ذاﻫ ًﺒـــﺎ َﺳـــ َﺒ َﻘ ْﺖ‬ ‫َد ْﻋ َﻬــــﺎ ﺳــــ َﲈﺋﻪ)‪ْ َ (4‬ﲡــــ ِﺮي َﻋــــ َﲆ َﻗــــ َﺪ ِر‬ ‫َﺗ ْﺴـ ِﻘﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺜـ َﺮى)‪َ (2‬ﻓ َﻤ َﺘـﻰ َﻻم اﻟ َﻌـ ُﺬول)‪(3‬؟ َأ ُﻗـﻞ‬ ‫َﻋـــ َﺪ ْﺗ َﻚ َﺣـــﺎ ِﱄ َﻣـــﺎ)‪ ِ (5‬ﱢﴎى ﺑِ ُﻤ ْﺴـــ َﺘ ِ ِﱰ)‪(7)(6‬‬ ‫ﻳــــﺎ َﺳــــﺎﺋِﲇ َﺟ ْﻬــــ ًﺮا ﻋــــ ﱠﲈ ُأ َﻛﺎﺑ ِــــــ ُﺪ ُه‬ ‫َو ُﻃـــــﻮ َل َﻟـــــ ْﻴِﲇ ِﰲ ﻓِ ْﻜـــــ ٍﺮ و ِﰲ َﺳـــــ َﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫أﻗ ِﴤــــ ز َﻣــــﺎﲏ)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ َﻫــــ ﱟﻢ و ِﰲ َﺣــــ َﺰ ٍن‬ ‫و َﻟ ْﺴـــ ُﺖ ُأ ْﺑ ِ ُﴫـــ َد ْﻣ ِﻌـــﻲ َﻏـــ ْﲑ ُﻣﻨﺤـــﺪر‬ ‫َﱂْ َﻳ ْﻌـــ ُﻞ ِﻣ ﱢﻨـــﻲ ُﺳـــ َﻮى َأ ْﻧ َﻔـــﺎ ِﳼ اﻟ ﱠﺼـــ ُﻌ َﺪا‬ ‫َﺗـــ َﺮى ﺳـــﻘﻴﻂ ُد ُﻣـــﻮ ِﻋﻲ ِﻣﻨْـــ ُﻪ ﻛﺎﻟـــﺪرر‬ ‫و َﻏـــﺎ َص َﻗ ْﻠﺒِـــﻲ ِﰲ َﺑ ْﺤـــ ِﺮ ا ُﳍ ُﻤـــﻮ ِم أ َﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫َﺳـــ َﻼ ُﻣ ُﻪ)‪َ (10‬ﻣـــﺎ َﺑ َﻜـــﻰ َﺑـــﺎ ٍك َﻋـــ َﲆ ُﻋ َﻤـــﺮ‬ ‫ِﻣــــ َﻦ اﳌَ َﺴــــﺎﺋِ ِﻞ إِ ْن ُﺗ ْﺸــــﻜِ ْﻞ وإن َﺗــــ ُﺪ ِر‬ ‫ﻓﺮﲪــــــ ُﺔ ا ِﷲ واﻟ ﱢﺮ ْﺿــــــ َﻮا ُن َﺗ ْﺸــــــ َﻤ ُﻠ ُﻪ)‪(9‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘـــﻰ ﲡـــﺎﻧ َﺲ ﺑـــﲔ ا ِﳊـــ ْﱪ وا ِﳊـــ َﱪ)‪(13‬‬ ‫َﺑ ْﺤـــ ِﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠـــﻮ ِم ا ﱠﻟـــ ِﺬي َﻣـــﺎ َﻛ ﱠﺪ َر ْﺗـــ ُﻪ دِﻻً)‪(11‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜـــﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـــ ِﺐ إذ ﲢ ِﻔ ْﻔـــ َﻦ)‪ (16‬ﺑـــﺎﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ِﺮ‬ ‫وا ِﳊـــ ْ ُﱪ ﻛـــﻢ َﺣـــ ﱠﱪت ﻃِـــ ْﺮ ًزا)‪ (12‬ﺑﺮا َﻋ ُﺘـــ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺴــﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻐ ْﻴــ ِﺚ ﺑــﲔ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺒــ ِﺖ واﻟ ﱠﺸــ َﺠ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﱂ أﻧـــ َﺲ ﳌﱠـــﺎ)‪َ (14‬ﳛِـــ ﱡﻒ)‪ (15‬اﻟﻄـــﺎﻟﺒﻮن ﺑـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻘﺴــــﻢ اﻟﻌﻠــــﻢ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﻔــــ ٍﺖ و ُﻣﺒﺘــــﺪ ٍئ‬ ‫ﺑـــﻞ َﻋ ﱠﻤ ُﻬـــﻢ ﻓ ْﻀـــ ُﻠ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒِ ْ ِﴩـــ واﻟ َﺒ َﴩـــ‬ ‫وﱂ ُ َﳜـــــﺺ َﺑ َ ٌﴩـــــ)‪ِ (17‬ﻣﻨْـــــ ُﻪ ذا َﻧ َﺴـــــﺐ‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬ﺗﺮداد\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬اﻟﻮرى\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺬ ُل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ا ِﻹ ْﺣﺮا ُق‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻜ َﺄ ﱠن ا ﱠﻟﻼ ِﺋ َﻢ ُ ْﳛ ِﺮ ُق ﺑِ َﻌ ْﺬ ِﻟ ِﻪ َﻗ ْﻠ َﺐ ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺬو ِل‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻬﺮوي‪ ،(318/2) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(457/29) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ \"ﺳﲈﺋﻴﺔ\"‪) ،‬ص‪.(105‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻻ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﺑﻤﺴﱰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﺻﲑي ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻋ َﺪ ْﺗ َﻚ َﺣﺎ ِﱄ ﻻ ِ ﱢﴎي ﺑِ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ٍﱰ َﻋﻦ اﻟ ُﻮﺷﺎ ِة وﻻ داﺋﻲ ﺑِ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﺤ ِﺴ ِﻢ‬ ‫دﻳﻮان اﻟﺒﻮﺻﲑي‪) ،‬ص ‪.(239‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﳖﺎري\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(105‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (9‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أﻟﻘﻴﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻء‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺪره‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪\" :‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(331/1‬‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ِﰲ اﻟﻜﺜﺮة ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪ ْﻟ ُﻮ‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻛﺎﻟ َﺒ ْﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻰ‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(210‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(1417/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (12‬ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(106‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (330/1) ،‬ﻃﺮ ًﺳﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱢﻄﺮز اﻟﺸﻜﻞ واﳍﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(197 -195/15) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ا ِﳊ ْﱪ ﺑﺴﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺎء ‪ :‬اﳌﺪاد اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وا ِﳊ َﱪ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎء ‪ :‬ﲨﻊ ِﺣ َ َﱪ َة‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ُﺑ ْﺮ ٌد ﻳﲈ ّﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(167‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (14‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة)‪\" : (330/1‬ﺣﲔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (15‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﲢﻒ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (16‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬ﳛﻔﻔﻦ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (17‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺑﺒﴩ\"‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻫﻜﺬا ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(106‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬

‫ﴎاﺟــــﻪ ﻓﺄﺿــــﺎ َء اﻟﻜــــﻮ َن ﻟﻠ َﺒ َ ِﴩــــ)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘــــﺪ أﻗــــﺎ َم ﻣﻨــــﺎ َر اﻟــــ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻀــــ ًﺤﺎ‬ ‫أﺣﻴــﺎ ﻟﻨــﺎ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻤــ َﺮا َن)‪ (2‬اﻟــ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻋــﻦ َﻗــ َﺪ ِر‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﻘـــﺮ ِن اﻷَ ﱠو ِل واﻟ َﻘـــ ْﺮ ِن اﻷﺧـــﲑ ﻟﻘـــﺪ‬ ‫وإﻧــــ َﲈ اﻓﱰﻗــــﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﴫــــ واﻟ ُﻌ ُﻤــــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻻﺳــ ِﻢ واﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠــ ِﻢ واﻟ ﱠﺘﻘــﻮى ﻗــﺪ اﺗﻔﻘــﺎ)‪(3‬‬ ‫وذا َك ُﻣ ْﺸــــ َ ِﱰ ٌك ﻣــــﻊ)‪ (4‬ﺳــــﺒﻌ ٍﺔ ُز ُﻫــــ ِﺮ‬ ‫َﻣـــ ْﻦ ﻟﻠ َﻤ َﺴـــﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ُﻳﻠﻘﻴﻬـــﺎ ﺑـــﻼ َﺿـــ َﺠ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜــــﻦ أﺿــــﺎ َء ﴎا ُج اﻟــــ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻔــــﺮ ًدا‬ ‫َﻣـــ ْﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻋـــ ِﺪ ﻳﺒﻴﻨﻬـــﺎ ﺑـــﻼ َﺧــــﻮر)‪(6‬‬ ‫َﻣـــ ْﻦ ﻟﻠﻔﻀـــﺎﺋ ِﻞ َأ ْو ﻣـــﻦ ﻟﻠ َﻔ َﻮا ِﺿـــ ِﻞ)‪ (5‬أو‬ ‫َﻣــــ ْﻦ ﻟﻠ َﻔ َﻮاﺋِــــﺪ َأ ْو ﻣــــﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﺋــــ ِﺪ أو‬ ‫َﺟـــــ ﱠﻞ اﳋ َﻄـــــﺎ ُب)‪(8‬اﻟ َﻘـــــ ْﻮ ُم ِﰲ ﻓﻜـــــ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺎ ُء واﳊﻜـ ُﻢ ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ َﻏـ ْﲑ ُﻣ ْﺴـ َﺘ َﻄ ِﺮ)‪(9‬‬ ‫َﻣـــ ْﻦ ﻟﻠ َﻔ َﺘـــﺎ َوى وﺣـــ ّﻞ اﳌُﺸـــﻜﻼت إذا)‪(7‬‬ ‫وﻧـــ ْﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤـــﻦ ﺑﻌـــﺪه ﻟﻠ ُﻤﺸـــﻜِ ِﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ِ ِﴪـــ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﻀـــ ِﻞ)‪َ (12‬أ ْو َﻗـــ ﱠﺮ ﻋﻴﻨًـــﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨـــ ُﻪ ﺑِـــﺎﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻈ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﳌَـــــ ْﻦ َﻳ ُﻜـــــﻮن اﺧـــــﺘﻼ ُف اﻟﻨـــــﺎ ِس إن‬ ‫َﻗـــﺎ ُﻟﻮا إذا ُأ ْﻋ َﻀـــ َﻠﺖ)‪َ (10‬ﻧ ﱢﺒـــﻪ ﳍـــﺎ ُﻋ َﻤـــ ًﺮا‬ ‫ﻓــــﺄزد أن ُﺗ َﺮﺗﺒﻬــــﺎ ﺑــــﺎﻟ َ ﱢﱪ واﻟ َﺒ ْﺤــــ ِﺮ)‪(15‬‬ ‫َﻣـــ ْﻦ ﻟـــﻮ رآه اﺑـــ ُﻦ إدرﻳـــ َﺲ)‪َ (11‬أ َﻗـــ ﱠﺮ َﻟـــ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻗــﺪ َﻛــﺎ َن ﺑــﺎﻷُ ﱢم)‪َ (13‬ﺑــﺮا ﺣﻴــﺚ)‪ (14‬ﻫــ ﱠﺬ َ َﲠﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺳﻘﻂ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬إﻣﺎ أن ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻷول ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﺎب أو ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ِ \" : (331/1) ،‬ﰲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﲨﻊ ﻓﺎﺿﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻌﻤ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬واﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‪.(3429/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي َﺿ ْﻌﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(407/4) ،‬واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(293/5) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(315/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"إذا\" أﻋﲆ ﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬وﻇﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي ﻣﻜﺘﻮب‪ ،‬و ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ‪) ، 8765 :‬اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ‪.(53 :‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(432 /8) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(2007 /3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬أي َﺻ ُﻌ َﺒ ْﺖ و َﻏ ُﻠ َﻈ ْﺖ وا ْﺷ َﺘ ﱠﺪ ْت ﺣﺘﻰ َأ ْﻋ َﻴ ْﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻳ ُﺪ إﺻﻼ َﺣ َﻬﺎ وﺗﺪا ُر َﻛ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(93/3) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(345/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ اﻹ َﻣﺎم ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْد ِرﻳﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(106‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ِز َﻳﺎ َدة ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻹﻣﺎم\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (12‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬إ ًذا أﻗﺮ\" وﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﻞ\" َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﻛِ َﺘﺎب \"اﻷم\" ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (14‬ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(106‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : ( 331/1) ،‬ﺣﲔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (15‬ﰲ دﻳﻮاﻧﻪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(106‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ْ َ \" : ( 331/1) ،‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺘﴫ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﱪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬

‫َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد َﻫـــﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻘـــ ُﻞ ﻟـــﻮﻻ َﺷـــﺎ ِﻫ ُﺪ اﻟ َﺒ َ ِﴫـــ‬ ‫َﺗــــ َﺮى َﺧــــ َﻮا ِر َق ِﰲ اﺳــــﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﺠ ًﺒــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ ﺑﺤﺜِــﻪ ُﺧ ْ ُﱪﻫــﺎ ُﻳــ ْﺮﰊ)‪َ (2)(1‬ﻋــ َﲆ ا َﳋــ َ ِﱪ‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َﻟـــــﺖ َﺣ َﻮا ِﺳـــــ ُﺪه َﳌـــــﺎ َر َأ ْوا ُﻏـــــ َﺮ ًرا‬ ‫وﺣـــﺎش ﷲ َﻣـــﺎ َﻫـــ َﺬا ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺒﴩـــ)‪(3‬‬ ‫اﷲ أﻛــــﱪ َﻣــــﺎ َﻫــــ َﺬا ﺳــــﻮى ﻣﻠــــﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﺒﻐـﺎث)‪ (5‬ﻟـﺬي ﺻـﻘﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻐﺮ)‪(6‬‬ ‫‪/6‬ب ﻋﻬــﺪي)‪ (4‬ﺑــﺄﻛﱪﻫﻢ ﻗــﺪ ًرا ﺑﺤﴬــﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴــﻤﻌﻮا ﻣﻨــﻪ)‪ : (8‬ﻓــﺰﺗﻢ ِﻣ ْﻨــ ُﻪ ﺑــﺎﻟﻮﻃﺮ)‪(9‬‬ ‫ﳏــﺪث ﻗــﻞ ﳌــﻦ ﻛــﺎﻧﻮا ﻗــﺪ اﻧﻔﻀــﻮا)‪(7‬‬ ‫َﳌـــﺎ ﺗﻮاﺿـــ َﻊ أﻗـــﻮا ٌم َﻋـــ َﲆ ِﻏ )‪(11)(10‬ـــﺮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــــﻮﺗﻢ ﻓﺘﻮاﺿـــــﻌﺘﻢ َﻋـــــ َﲆ ﺛﻘـــــ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴــــﻖ رﺟــــﻮى ﻧﺒــــﻲ اﷲ ِﰲ ُﻋ َﻤــــﺮ‬ ‫ﳏــﺪ ٌث)‪ (12‬ﻛــﻢ ﻟــﻪ ﺑــﺎﻟﻔﺘ ِﺢ)‪ (13‬ﻣــﻦ َﻣــ َﺪ ٍد‬ ‫ذِ ْﻛـــــ ٌﺮ)‪ (3‬ﻟ َﻨـــــﺎ ٍس وﺗﻨﺒﻴـــــﻪ ﳌُـــــ ﱢﺪﻛِ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻜــﻰ ا ُﳉ َﻨ ْﻴــ ُﺪ)‪َ (14‬ﻣ َﻘﺎ َﻣــﺎ ٍت)‪َ ِ (1‬ﲠــﺎ َﻛﻠِــ ٌﻢ)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬ﻳﺮﺑﻮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أي ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(283/8) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻬـﺮوي‪ ،(276/15) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(483/2‬‬ ‫)‪َ (3‬ﻋ َﲆ ﻏﺮار ﻗﻮل اﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ‪) ، A @ ?>=<;:987 :‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ‪.(31 :‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﻋﻬﺪي\" ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﻬﺎ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻟ َﺒ َﻐﺎث واﻟ ُﺒ َﻐﺎث‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ اﻟﺒِ َﻐﺎث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﲑ أﻻﺋﻤﻬﺎ و َﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳ ْﺮ َﻏ ُﺐ ِﰲ ﺻﻴﺪه؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ‪ ،(402 /4) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫـ َﺮ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺐ َأ ْﻟ َﻔـﺎ ِظ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻬـ َﺮ ِو ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(314‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤـﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(59/5) ،‬واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪.(489/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ\" ﻓﻮق ﺻﻘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨ ٍﻂ َﻣﺎﺋ ٍﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\": (331/1) ،‬اﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮا\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪َ \" : (331/1) ،‬ﻋﻨﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي ُﻛﻞ ﺣﺎ َﺟ ٍﺔ ُﻣ ِﻬﻤ ٍﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‪ ،( 327 /7) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،( 10 /14) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ‬ ‫ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(206 /9) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(122 /6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬أي َﺧ ِﺪﻳ َﻌﺔ َو ُﺑ ْﻄﻼن‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(360/5) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(3232/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬أﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺷﻌ ٍﺮ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﻼء ا َﳌ َﻌ ﱢﺮ ّي‪ِ ،‬ﰲ دﻳﻮان اﻟﺰﻧﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(62‬وإن َﻛﺎ َن أﺛﺒﺘﻪ اﻟ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌْ َﺤـﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪،(331/1) ،‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ إﲤَﺎ ِم اﻟﺪراﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻨﻘﺎﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(176‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ؛ ﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﻫﺬه ِﰲ رﺛﺎء اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺑ َﲈ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ اﻟ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣـﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟـﻪ َأ ُﺑـﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼء‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (12‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬ﳏﻘﻖ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎري اﻟﺬي ﴍح ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﺤﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ُﺒﺨﺎر ّي‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (14‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ اﻟﺼﻮﻓِﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ‪ ،‬اﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳉﻨﻴﺪ ا َﳋ ﱠﺰاز‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن ﺧﺰا ًزا‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل اﻟﻘﻮارﻳﺮي‪ ،‬ﻷ ﱠن أﺑﺎه َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﻮارﻳﺮ ًﻳـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪298‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪297‬ﻫـ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬

‫ﺑِ ْ ٌﴩ)‪َ (4‬و َﺳـ ْﻬ ٌﻞ)‪ (5‬وﻣﻌـﺮو ٌف)‪ (6‬ﺑـﻪ )‪(9)(8)(7‬وﴎي‬ ‫وﺑﺎ ُﺑــــــﻪ ﻳﺘﻠ ﱠﻘــــــﻰ ﻓِﻴــــــﻪ ﻗﺎ ِﺻــــــ َﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣـــﺖ ﻟـــﻪ ﺣﺠـــ ٌﺞ ُﻳﴩـــﻗ َﻦ ﻛﺎﻟـــ ﱡﺪر ِر‬ ‫ﻟﻮ َﻗﺎ َل ﻫﺬي اﻟ ﱠﺴﻮاري)‪ (10‬ﺑ ُﺨ ْﺸ ٍﺐ)‪ (11‬ﻣﻦ َذ َﻫ ٍﺐ‬ ‫وإن ﺗﻜﻠـــــــ َﻢ ﻳﻮ ًﻣـــــــﺎ ِﰲ ﻣﻨـــــــﺎﻇﺮةٍ‬ ‫ﻳـــﺪق ﻣ َﻌﻨﺎﻫـــﺎ َﻋـــﻦ إدراك)‪ (12‬ذي َﻧ َﻈـــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺴـــ ﱠﺪ ُد اﻟـــ ﱠﺮ ْأ ِي َﺣ ﱠﺠـــﺎج اﳋﺼـــﻮم ﻏـــ ًﺪا‬ ‫ِﰲ ﺳــــﻌﻴﻪ ﺧــــﲑ ﺣﺠــــﺎج وﻣﻌﺘﻤــــﺮ‬ ‫وﻛــﻢ ﺣــﻮى ﻋﻤــ ُﺮ اﳋــﲑا ِت ﻣــﻦ ﻋﻤــﺮ‬ ‫ﻛـــﻢ ﺣﺠـــﺔ وﻏـــﺰاة ﻗـــﺪ ﺳـــ َﲈ ﲠـــ َﲈ‬ ‫أﺻــــ ﱠﻢ ﻧﺎ ِﻋﻴــــﻪ)‪ (13‬ﺳــــ َﲈ ًﻋﺎ)‪ (1‬و َﻗ ّﻴــــ َﺪ أذ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ًﻧــــﺎ وأﻃﻠﻘــــﻮا ِﺟﻔﺎ ًﻧــــﺎ)‪ (2‬ﳌﻨﻜﴪــــ‬ ‫=ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻴ َﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ اﻷﺻﻔﻬﺎﲏ‪ ،(255/10) ،‬وﺻﻔ َﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﻮة‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳉ ْﻮ ِز ّي‪ ،(444/1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻷ ِﰊ‬ ‫ا َﳊ َﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻳﻌﲆ‪ ،(343 /1) ،‬ووﻓِﻴﺎ ِت ا َﻷ ْﻋ َﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺧ ﱢﻠ َﻜﺎن‪ ،(373 /1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪.(267/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﳌﻘﺎ َﻣﺎ ُت اﻟ ﱡﺼﻮﻓِﻴ ُﺔ ﻫﻲ درﺟﺎ ٌت إﻳ َﲈﻧﻴ ٌﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ وﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﻛ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻫﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ واﳉ َﲈﻋﺔ ِﰲ اﻹﻳ َﲈن‪ ،‬وﻛﻞ درﺟﺔ إﻳ َﲈﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﻤﺜـﻞ ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ درﺟﺔ اﳊﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ َأ ْو درﺟﺘـﻪ ِﰲ ﻋﺒﻮدﻳـﺔ اﷲ‪ ،‬ووﺻـﻔﻬﺎ اﻹ َﻣـﺎ ُم اﻟ َﻐـ َﺰا ِ ّﱄ ﺑـﺎﻷﺧﻼق ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤـﻮدة‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺒـﻊ اﻟﻄﺎﻋـﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮﺑﺎت‪ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺤﺪود ﻫﺬه اﻷﻣﻮر وﺣﻘﺎﺋﻘﻬﺎ وأﺳﺒﺎﲠﺎ وﺛﻤﺮاﲥﺎ وﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬و ُﻫـﻮ ﻓـﺮض ﻋـﲔ ِﰲ َﻓ ْﺘـ َﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠ َﲈء اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺮض َﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﻄﻮة ﻣﻠﻚ اﳌﻠﻮك ِﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إﺣﻴﺎ َء ُﻋ ُﻠﻮم اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻐﺰاﱄ‪ ،(21/1) ،‬وﻣﻔﻬﻮ َم اﻟﻘﺪر واﳊﺮﻳﺔ ِﻋﻨْﺪ أواﺋﻞ اﻟﺼﻮﻓِﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق‪) ،‬ص‪.(246‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪ِ : (331/1) ،‬ز َﻳﺎ َدة \"ﻓﻠﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬ﺗﺬﻛﲑ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ ﻧﴫ‪ ،‬ﺑﴩ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﳊﺎﰲ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪150‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ ﺑﻐﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي‪.(67/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ اﻟ ﱡﺘ ْﺴ َ ِﱰ ّي‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪283‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻸزدي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(166‬وﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﻮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ اﳉﻮزي‪.(64/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ ﳏﻔﻮظ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻦ ﻓﲑوز اﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺎل ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻦ اﻟﻔﲑزان وﻳﻘﺎل ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪200‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻸزدي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(80‬وﺳﲑ أﻋﻼم اﻟﻨﺒﻼء‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪.(339/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ )ب( \"وﴎ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠ ِﴪي ﺑﻦ ا ُﳌ َﻐ ﱠﻠﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻘ ِﻄ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﻌﺮوف اﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪253‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻴ ِﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻷﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‪ ،(116/10) ،‬وﺗﺎرﻳ ِﺦ ﺑﻐﺪاد‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي‪.(187/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي إ َﺣﺎﻃﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻀﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(289/7) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪.(49/13) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﲨﻊ َﺳﺎ ِر َﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ِﺣﺠﺎر ٍة َأ ْو آ ُﺟ ﱟﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْﻷَ َﺛ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْ َﻷﺛِﲑ‪ ،(365/2) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(2004/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (11‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬اﳋﺸﺐ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ )أ( \"إذراك\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻌ ِﻲ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎء ﺑﻤﻮت اﳌﻴﺖ واﻹﺷﻌﺎر ﺑﻪ‪= .‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫َﻋ ﱡﺠـﻮا)‪َ (3‬و َﺿـ ﱡﺠﻮا أﺳـ ًﻰ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺎدﺛـ ٍﺔ ُﻧﻜ )‪(4‬ـﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻌـــﺎه ِﰲ ﻳـــﻮم ﺗﻌﺮﻳـــﻒ اﳊﺠـــﻴﺞ ﻓﻘـــﺪ‬ ‫أﺟﺎﺑــــﻪ اﻟﺮﻛــــﺐ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻨــــﺎء اﻟﻌﻄــــﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــــﻰ)‪ (5‬إﻟﻴﻨــــﺎ ﻳــــﻮم اﻟﻮﻗــــﻮف)‪ (6‬ﻓــــ َﲈ‬ ‫ﻳــﺎ ﻣــﻦ ﻟــﻪ َﺟﻨﱠــ ُﺔ اﳌَــﺄوى ُﻋــ ﱠﺪ ْت)‪ُ (7‬ﻧــ ُﺰﻻً‬ ‫ارﻗـــﺪ ﻫﻨﻴ ًﺌـــﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺒـــﻲ ﻣﻨـــﻚ ِﰲ ُﺳـــ ُﻌ ِﺮ)‪(9)(8‬‬ ‫زﻳــــﺎدة ِﰲ رﺿــــﺎه َﻋﻨــــﻚ ﻓــــﺎﻓﺘﺨﺮ)‪(10‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒـــــﺎك رﺑـــــﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﺴـــــﻨﻰ ورؤﻳﺘـــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻓــ َﲈ ﻳﺘﻠ )‪(11‬ــﻮ إذا ﺷــﺌﺖ إﻻ آﺧــﺮ اﻟــﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫أزال َﻋﻨـــــــﻚ ﺗﻜـــــــﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﳊﻴـــــــﺎة‬ ‫وﻣﻨـــﺰ ًﻻ ﺑـــﻚ ﻣﻌﻤـــﻮ ًرا ﻣـــﻦ ا َﳋ َﻔـــ ِﺮ)‪(12‬‬ ‫أوﺣﺸــ َﺖ ُﺻــ ُﺤ َﻒ ُﻋ ُﻠــﻮ ٍم ﻛﻨــﺖ ﲡﻤ ُﻌﻬــﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴــ ٌﺖ ﻣــﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺸــ ْﻌ ِﺮ َأ ْو ﺑﻴــ ٌﺖ ﻣــﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸــﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺴــــــﺘﻤﻠﻚ)‪ (13‬ﻟﺸــــــﺎ ٍد َأ ْو ﻟﻐﺎﻧﻴــــــ ٍﺔ‬ ‫أو ﺣـــﻞ ُﻣ ْﻌ ِﻀـــ َﻠ ٍﺔ ُأ ْﻋ َﻴـــ ْﺖ َﻋـــ َﲆ اﻟﻔﻜـــﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜـــﻦ ﻋﻜﻔـــﺖ َﻋـــ َﲆ اﺳـــﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻣﺴـــﺄﻟ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴــــﻴ ِﻒ د ﱠل َﻋــــ َﲆ اﻟﺘــــﺄﺛﲑ ﺑــــﺎﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِﴫــــ ُﻗ ْﻤــــ َﺖ ﻟــــﻨ ﱟﺺ ﺗﺴــــﺘﺪ َل ﺑــــﻪ‬ ‫اﻟــﺪا ُر ِﻣ ْ َﴫــ َﻏــ َﺪ ْت واﻟﺒﻴــ ُﺖ ِﰲ َﻣ َﴬــ)‪(14‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﻧـــﺔ ﻟـــﻚ َﻣـــﺄوى وﻫـــﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺴـــﺐ‬ ‫= ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(167/2) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻴﺪه‪ ،(255/2) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(145/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (330/1) ،‬آذا ًﻧﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﲨﻊ َﺟﻔﻦ و ُﻫﻮ ﻏﻤﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬و َﺟﻔﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﲔ ﻏﻄﺎؤﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(106‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(644/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬رﻓﻌﻮا ﺻﻮﲥﻢ وﺻﺎﺣﻮا‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(67 /1) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(73/1) ،‬واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪.(60/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ )أ(‪ ،‬وﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪.(332 ،331/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (331/1) ،‬ﺳﻌﻰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي ﻳﻮم اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﺑﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (7‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُﳌْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﻏﺪت\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﺳﻔﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي ُﻣ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ٌﺪ و َﻫﺎﺋِ ٌﺞ َو ُﻣ ْﻠ َﺘ ِﻬ ٌﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(358/1) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(75 /3) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص ‪.(299‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻗﻮﻟﻪ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ‪) ،&%$#\" :‬ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ‪.(26 :‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (11‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﺗﺘﻠﻮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬أي ِﺷ ﱠﺪ ُة ا َﳊ َﻴﺎ ِء‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(253/4) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(331/4) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(203/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (13‬ﰲ )ب( \"أﻳﺴﻤﻠﻚ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (14‬ﻣﴬ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺰار ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ دﻳﺎرﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺮة ﺑﲔ دﺟﻠﺔ واﻟﻔﺮات‪ ،‬ﳎﺎورة اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم‪= .‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬

‫ﻣﺴــﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ)‪ (1‬ﺑــﻚ ﻣــﻦ ﺧــﺎ ٍط وﻣــﻦ ﺧﻄــﺮ‬ ‫ﲢﻤـــﻲ ﻗِ ِ ﱠﴘـــ رﻛـــﻮ ٍع ﻣـــﻊ ﺳـــﻬﺎ ٍم ُد ًﻋـــﺎ‬ ‫ﻛـــﻢ ِﰲ ﻛﻨﺎﻧـــﺔ ﺳـــﻬﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺼـــﺐ ﻏﺮ ًﺿـــﺎ‬ ‫ﳌَـــﺎ ﺑﻌـــﺪت وﻛـــﻢ ﻗـــﻮس ﺑـــﻼ وﺗـــﺮ)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺒـــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـــــﻢ ﻓِﻴﻬـــــﺎ أي ﻣﺸـــــﺘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻀـــ ًﻌﺎ وﺳـــﺘﲔ ﻋﺎ ًﻣـــﺎ ﻇﻠـــﺖ ﻣﻨﻔـــﺮ ًدا‬ ‫ﻓــــ َﲈ ﺑﺮﺣــــﺖ ﳎــــ ًﺪا)‪ (3‬ﻟﻠﻌــــﻼ ﻳﻘ ًﻈــــﺎ‬ ‫وﻻ اﻧﺘﺒﻬـــــﺖ إِ َﱃ ﻛـــــﺄس وﻻ وﺗـــــﺮ)‪(4‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻞ)‪ (5‬ﻛﻨـﺖ ﲢﻤـﻲ ﲪـﻰ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم)‪ (6‬ﳎﺘﻬـ ًﺪا‬ ‫ﺣﺘـــﻰ ﺗﻘﻠـــﺪ ِﻣﻨْـــ ُﻪ ا ِﳉﻴـــﺪ)‪ (7‬ﺑﺎﻟـــﺪر ِر)‪(8‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻗــ َﺖ ﲨــ َﻊ ﻋــﺪ ﱢو اﻟــ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﺣﻴــﺚ ُﻧ ِﺤــ َﺮا)‪(9‬‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻌﻬــــﻢ ﺑــــﲔ ﺗﺄﻧﻴــــ ٍﺚ وﻣﻨﻜ ِﴪــــ‬ ‫‪/7‬أ ﻃ َﻌﻨـــ َﺖ َﻏـــ ْﲑ ُ َﳏـــﺎ ٍب ِﰲ ﻣ َﻘـــﺎ َﻟﺘِﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻃــﻮ ًرا ﺑﺴــﻴﻒ اﳍــﺪى ِﰲ اﳌﻠﺤــﺪﻳﻦ ﺳــﻄﺎ)‪(11‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺴـــــ ْﻤ َﻬ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ)‪ (10‬دون اﻟـــــ َﻮ ْﺧ ِﺰ ﺑِـــــﺎ ِﻹ َﺑ ِﺮ‬ ‫وﺗــــﺎرة ﺑﺴــــﻬﺎم اﻟــــﺬﻛﺮ ِﰲ اﻟﺘــــﱰ)‪(12‬‬ ‫ُر ْز ٌء)‪ (13‬ﻋﻈــــﻴ ٌﻢ ﻳﴪــــ اﳌﻠﺤــــﺪون ﺑــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻻﲢــــﺎدي)‪ (14‬واﻟﺸــــﻴﻌﻲ واﻟﻘــــﺪر)‪(2)(1‬‬ ‫= ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛ َﺤﺎ َﻟﺔ‪.(1107/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﲢﻞ ﺣﺎﺷﺎك\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﺖ َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﳏ ًﻼ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"وﺑﺮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﻗﺪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻨﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱠﻠﺪه‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻘ ﱠﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻏ َﻠ َﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﻋﻨ ِﻖ ا َﳌ ْﺮ َأة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(157/11) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(498/1) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪،(737/1‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﺑﺎﻟﺪور\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (9‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﻧﺠﻮا\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ َﻣﺎح ﺗﻨﺴﺐ إِ َﱃ رﺟﻞ َﻛﺎ َن اﺳﻤﻪ َﺳ ْﻤ َﻬﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻳﺒﻴ ُﻊ اﻟﺮ َﻣﺎح ﺑﺎﳋﻂ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ ﻓﺎرس ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﻣـﺎح اﻟ ﱢﺼـﻼب‪ ،‬واﳍـﺎء‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻪ زاﺋﺪة‪ ،‬وإ ّﻧ َﲈ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻤ َﺮة‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ِﺧ َﻼف َﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮﺗﻪ اﳌﻌﺎﺟﻢ‪ ،‬و ِﻋﻨْﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﻨَﺎ ُة اﻟ ﱡﺼ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﺴﻼ َح‪ ،‬ﻷَ ِﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼم‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(20‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(522 /6) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(159 /3) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(2106 /3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬أي َﻗ َﻬ َﺮ َو َﺑ َﻄ َﺶ ﺑﻄ ًﺸﺎ ﺷﺪﻳ ًﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(24/13) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪ ،(71/3) ،‬وﳐﺘـﺎ َر اﻟﺼـﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(298‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬أي اﻟ َﻘ ْﻄ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ﱡﺮ ُق‪ ،‬وﻋﺪ ُم اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(248/14) ،‬واﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْ َﻷ َﺛ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْ َﻷﺛِﲑ‪ ،(181/1) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(426/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬أي ُﻣ َﺼﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(383/7) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(249/13) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(75/9‬‬ ‫)‪ (14‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻻ ﱢﲢﺎدﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳚﻌﻠﻮن اﷲ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد اﳌﻄﻠﻖ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﳛﻞ ِﰲ اﻟﺼﻮر اﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ‪= .‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬

‫ﻓِﻴـــﻪ ﻫﺪاﻳـــ َﺔ أﻫــــ ِﻞ اﻟﻨﻔـــ ِﻊ واﻟ ﱠ َﴬــــ ِر‬ ‫ﻟﻴـــﺖ اﻟﻠﻴـــﺎﱄ أﺑﻘـــﺖ َوا ِﺣـــ ًﺪا ﲨﻌـــﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺒﻴـــــﻪ وأوﻻﻫـــــﻢ ﺑـــــﺬا ُﻋ ُﻤـــــ ِﺮي‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺘﻬـــﺎ )‪(3‬إذ ﻓـــﺪت ﻋﻤـــ ًﺮا ﻓـــﺪت ﻋﻤـــ ًﺮا‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻬــﺎت ﻟــﻮ ﻗﺒــﻞ اﳌــﻮ ِت اﻟ ِﻔــ َﺪا ُﺑــ ِﺬ ْﻟ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺸــ ْﻴ ِﺦ ﻣــﻦ َﻏــ ْﲑ ﺛﻨﻴــﺎ)‪ (4‬أﻧﻔــ َﺲ اﻟ َﺒ َ َﴩــ‬ ‫إذ ﺑـــﺎ َن ِﻣﻨْـــ ُﻪ ا ﱢﺗ َﺴـــﺎ ُع اﻟ ﱠﺼـــﺪ ِر ﻟﻠ َﺒ ْﺤـــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺒــــﻲ ﻟﻘــــ ٍﱪ َﺣــــ َﻮاه إ ﱠﻧــــ ُﻪ َﻋ َﺠــــ ٌﺐ‬ ‫َﺟـــ ﱠﻞ اﳌُ َﺼـــﺎ ُب وﻓِﻴـــﻪ َﻋـــ ﱠﺰ ُﻣ ْﺼـــﻄﱪي)‪(5‬‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔــﻲ َﻋــ َﲆ َﻓ ْﻘــ ِﺪ َﺷــ ْﻴ ِﺦ اﳌُﺴــﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻘــﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴـــﻤﻮ َذ ًﻛـــﺎ)‪ (6‬ﺑـــﺬ ًﻛﺎ َﻏـــ ْﲑ ُﻣ ْﻨ َﺤ ِﴪـــ)‪(7‬‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔــــﻲ ﻋﻠﻴــــﻪ ﴎا ًﺟــــﺎ َﻛــــﺎ َن ﻣﺘﻘــــ ًﺪا‬ ‫ﱠﳌــــﺎ َﻗ َﴣــــ ﻣــــﻦ)‪ (8‬ﻓِ ْﻄﻨِــــ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻬـــــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨــــــﻪ ﺑِﻨِــــــ َﺪاه ُﻣ ْﻄ َﻔــــــﺊ اﻟ ﱠ َﴩــــــ ِر‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ ﻧـــﺎ ِره َﻇـــ ﱠﻞ َﺑ ْﺤـــ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱢﻨﻴـــ ِﻞ ُ ْﳏ َ ِﱰ ًﻗـــﺎ‬ ‫وﻟـــﻴﺲ ﻳﻌﻨـــﻲ َﻛ ِﺴـــ ُﲑ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻠـــ ِﺐ ﺑـــﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﻘ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻟــــﻮﻻ ﻧــــﺪاه ﺧﺸــــﻴﻨﺎ َﻧــــﺎ َر ﻓِ ْﻜ َﺮﺗــــﻪ‬ ‫َﺗ ُﺸــــ ﱡﻖ ﻓِﻴــــﻪ ﻋﻠﻴــــﻪ ُﻓ ْﺮ َﻗــــ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴــــ َﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔـــﻲ)‪ (9‬وﻫـــﻞ ﻧـــﺎﻓﻌﻲ إﺑـــﺪا ُع ُﻣ ْﺮﺛِﻴـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔــــ ًﻼ َو ِذ ْﻛــــ ًﺮا وﻗﺮءا ًﻧــــﺎ إِ َﱃ اﻟﺴــــﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔــــﻲ ﻋﻠﻴــــﻪ ﻟﻌﻠــــﻢ َﻛــــﺎ َن ﳚ َﻤ ُﻌــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻓِ ْﻌـــ ًﻼ و َﻗـــ ْﻮﻻً ﻓـــ َﲈ ُﻳـــ ْﺆ َﺗﻰ ﻣـــﻦ ا َﳊ َﴬـــ‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔــــﻲ ﻋﻠﻴــــﻪ ﻟﻠﻴــــ ٍﻞ َﻛــــﺎ َن ﻳﻘﻄﻌــــﻪ‬ ‫َﻋــﻦ اﳋﻼﺋــ ِﻖ ﻣــﻦ ﺑــﺪ ٍو وﻣــﻦ َﺣ َ ِﴬــ‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔـــﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـــﻪ ﻟﻌــــﺎ ٍف)‪َ (10‬ﻛـــﺎ َن ﻳﻨ َﻔ ُﻌــــﻪ‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔــــﻲ ﻋﻠﻴــــﻪ ﻟ ِﻀــــ ﱟﺪ َﻛــــﺎ َن ﻳﺪ َﻓ ُﻌــــﻪ‬ ‫= اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪.(466 /1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻳﺎء \"اﻟﻘﺪري\" ِﰲ )ب( ورﺑ َﲈ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻘﺎﻓِﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻧﺴﺒ ٌﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻘﺪرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻓﺮق اﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ِﰲ آﺧﺮ ﻋﴫ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺻﻞ ﺑﺪﻋﺘِ ِﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻋﻘﻮﳍﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻳ َﲈن‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪر اﷲ واﻹﻳ َﲈن ﺑﺄﻣﺮه وﳖﻴﻪ ووﻋﺪه ووﻋﻴﺪه وﻇﻨﻮا أ ﱠن َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ُﳑْ َﺘﻨِ ٌﻊ‪ ،‬وأ ﱠن ا َﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠ ُﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻴﺎء ﻗﺒـﻞ وﻗﻮﻋﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳ ِﻘـ ﱡﺮو َن ﺑِـ َﺄ ﱠن ا َﷲ‬ ‫َﺧﺎﻟِ ُﻖ ُﻛ ّﻞ َ ْﳾء‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﳎﻤﻮ َع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،(36/13) ،‬واﳌﺴﺘﺪر َك َﻋ َﲆ ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ‪.(139 /1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \"إن\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي َﺗ َﺮا ُﺟﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪ ،(517/1) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(297/37) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﻣﺼﻈﱪي\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي ا ﱠﺗ َﻘﺪ‪ ،‬وذﻛﺎ ﻣﺼﺪره‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(311/6) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(317/2) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(223‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي ا ْﻧ َﻜ َﺸ َﻂ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻧ َﻜ َﺸ َﻒ‪ ،‬وﻧﻀﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‪ ،(134/3) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(286/4) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(869/2‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ْﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (332/1) ،‬ﺣﺰ ًﻧﺎ أﻻ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﻮا\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (9‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﻟﻔﻬﻲ\" ﺧﻄ ًﺄ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻊ واﳌﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺤﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬أي وارد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺤﻜﻢ واﳌﺤﻴﻂ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪه‪.(372/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫أﻋﻼ ُﻣـــﻪ ﻛﺎﺷـــﺘﻬﺎ ِر اﻟ َﺸـــ ْﻤﺲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻈ ْﻬـــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔـﻲ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻔ َﺨـ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴫـ ا ﱠﻟـ ِﺬي اﺟﺘﻤﻌـﺖ‬ ‫أﻋــ ﱠﺰ ِﻋﻨْــﺪي ﻣــﻦ ﺳــﻤﻌﻲ وﻣــﻦ ﺑﴫــي‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔـــﻲ َﻋـــ َﲆ ﻓﻘـــ ِﺪ َﺷـــ ْﻴ ٍﺦ َﻛـــﺎ َن َﻣ ْﻨ ِﺰ ُﻟـــ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﻴـﻲ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ِﻣﻴ َﻢ)‪ (1‬و ُﻳ ْﻠ ِﻬـﻲ ا َﳊـ ﱠﻲ َﻋـﻦ َﺳـ َﻤ ِﺮي‬ ‫ﳍ ِﻔـــﻲ َﻋـــ َﲆ ﻣـــﻦ َﺣـــ ِﺪﻳﺜﻲ ِﰲ ﳏﺎ ِﺳـــﻨِﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ َح اﻟﻨﱠﻌــــﻴ ُﻢ ﻓﺴــــﺎروا َﺳــــ ْﲑ ُﻣ ْﺒ َﺘــــ ِﺪر)‪(2‬‬ ‫إِ َﱃ اﻟﺮﻓِﻴــــ ِﻖ َﻟــــ َﺪى ا َﳉ ﱠﻨــــﺎ ِت واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻬــــﺮ‬ ‫ﻗــﺪ ذﻗــ ُﺖ ﺑــﲔ أﺣﺒــﺎﰊ اﻟﻌــﺬا َب َو ُﻫــ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻳــﺎ ﻗﻠــ ُﺐ ﺳــﺎروا و َﻣــﺎ را َﻓ ْﻘــ َﺘ ُﻬﻢ)‪َ (3‬ﻓ َﻌ َﻠــ ْﻮا‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺑــ ُﺪ)‪(5‬اﻟ ﱠﺸــﻮ َق َﻣــﺎ َأ ْﻗ َﺴــﺎ َك ﻣــﻦ َﺣ َﺠــﺮي‬ ‫وﻋﺸـــ َﺖ ﺑﻌـــﺪ ﻧـــﻮاﻫﻢ)‪ (4‬ﻣﻈﻬـــ ًﺮا َﺟ َﻠـــ ًﺪا‬ ‫َﻣــﺎ أﻧــﺖ ِﻋﻨْــﺪي أن ﺗﻨﻈــ َﺮ ﺑــﺬي َﻧ َﻈــ ِﺮ‬ ‫وأﻧـــ َﺖ ﻳـــﺎ َﻃـــ ْﺮ ُف ﻻ َﺗ ْﻨ ُﻈـــ ْﺮ ﻟﻐـــ ِﲑ ِﻫﻢ‬ ‫وﻻ َﻳ ُﻐ ﱠﺮ ﱠﻧـــــ َﻚ ﺑِ ْ ٌﴩـــــ ﻣـــــﻦ ِﺧ َﻼﻓِ ِﻬـــــﻢ‬ ‫وﻟـــﻮ أﻧــــﺎ َر ﻓﻜــــﻢ ﻧــــﻮ ٌر ﺑــــﻼ َﺛ َﻤــــﺮ‬ ‫وﻗـــﻞ ﻷﺳــــﻮد ﻋﻴﴚــــ ﺑﻌــــﺪ أﺑﻴﻀــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻳـــﺎ آﺧـــﺮ اﻟﺼـــﻔﻮ)‪َ (7)(6‬ﻫـــ َﺬا أول اﻟﻜـــﺪر‬ ‫َﻣـــﺎ ﺑﻌـــﺪﻫﻢ ﻏﺎﻳـــ ًﺔ ﻳـــﺎ َﻣـــ ْﻮت َﺗ ْﻄ ُﻠ ُﺒ َﻬـــﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐـــﺖ ﻟﻸﻓـــﻖ ِﰲ اﳌﺮﻗـــﻰ ﻓـــﻼ ﺗﻄـــﺮ)‪(8‬‬ ‫ﺑــــﺪو ٍر ُﺛــــ ﱠﻢ ﺧﻠــــﺖ ﺣﺰ ًﻧــــﺎ ﻣﻨــــﺎزﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻠــ ُﺐ ذو َﻛ َﻤــ ٍﺪ)‪ (9‬واﻟ ﱠﻄــ ْﺮ ُف ذو َﺳـــ َﻬﺮ‬ ‫‪/7‬ب ُﻏ ُﺼــﻮ ُن َر ْو ٍض َد َو ْت)‪ِ (11)(10‬ﰲ اﻟــ ﱡ ْﱰ ِب‬ ‫واﺣﴪــــﺗﺎه ﻟــــﺬاك ا َﳌﻨْ َﻈــــﺮ اﻟﻨﱠ ِﴬــــ)‪(13‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي ا َﳋﻠ ُﻖ اﻟﺒﺎ ِﱄ ﻣﻦ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﳾ ٍء‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﳌﻮت‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(303/2) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(379/2) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪.(244/10) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أي ﻣﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ إِ َﱃ أﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﲔ؛ ﻟﻴﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(116/14) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(209/1) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(228/1‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ْﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (334/1) ،‬واﻓﻘﺘﻬﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي َ َﲢ ﱡﻮ ُﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣ َﻜﺎ ٍن إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻣﻦ دار ٍإِ َﱃ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ِ :‬ﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪ ،(4589/6) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(141/40) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ وﲢﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ْﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (334/1) ،‬ﺗﻜﺎﺑﺪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺻﻔﻮ\" َﻏ ْﲑ واﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﳊﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﳌُْ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪.(334/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي َﺗ َﻘﺎ َﳼ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(761/6) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(561‬و ِﻟ َﺴـﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(3807/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬أي ُﺗ َﻘ ﱢﻄﻊ َو َﺗ ُﺸ ﱡﻖ َو ُﺗ ْﺴ ِﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(83/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ َوا ْﻷَ َﺛ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْ َﻷﺛِـﲑ‪ ،(118/3) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴـﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(2654/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي ا َﳍ ﱡﻢ‪ ،‬وأﺷ ﱡﺪ اﳊﺰن اﻟﺬي ﻻ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘﻄﺎ ُع إﻣﻀﺎؤه‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(334/5) ،‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪ ،(218/6) ،‬واﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜـ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤـﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈـﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(763/6‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪\" : (334/1) ،‬ذوت\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬أي َﻳﺒِ َﺴ ْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(5/8) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(225/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"أوﺟﻬﻬﻢ\" ﻓﻮق \"اﻟﱰب\" ِﰲ أ؛ و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺣﻔﺎ ًﻇﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (13‬ﰲ ُﻧ َﺴﺦ )ب( \"اﻟﻨﻈﺮ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﺻﻮاب اﻟﻨﴬ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬

‫َﺷ ْﻤﴘــــ اﳌُﻨِــــ َﲑ ُة)‪ (1‬وا ْﻧ َﻤ َﺤــــﻰ ﻗﻤــــﺮي‬ ‫َﻣــﺎ أﻇﻠــ َﻢ اﻷُ ْﻓــﻖ ِﰲ ﻋﻴﻨــﻲ وﻗــﺪ َأ َﻓ َﻠــ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟـــ ﱡﺪ ﱢر َﻣـــﺎ ﺑـــﲔ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈـــﻮ ٍم َو ُﻣﻨْ َﺘﺜـِـــــﺮ‬ ‫دﻣﻌــــﻲ ﻋﻠــــﻴﻬﻢ و َﻧ ْﻈ ِﻤــــﻲ ِﰲ رﺛــــﺎﺋِ ِﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﺴــﺎب ﻗﻠﺒــﻲ ﻓﻠﻴــ َﺖ اﻟﻜــﺄ َس ﱂ َﻳــ ُﺪ ِر‬ ‫دارت ﻛــﺆوس اﳌﻨﺎﻳــﺎ)‪ (2‬ﺣــﲔ ِﻋﻴــ َﺐ َﻋــ َ ّﲇ‬ ‫َز ِﻫـــ ﱡﺪ ُت ِﰲ وﻃﻨـــﻲ إذ ﻓـــﺎﺗﻨﻲ َو َﻃـــ ِﺮي‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻــــ ُﺖ َأ ﱢﲏ َأ ْﻟ َﻘــــﺎ ُﻫﻢ َﻓ َﻔــــﺎ َت ﻓﻘــــﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤـــ ُﺮ اﻟ ُﻌـــ َﻼ ﴍ ًﻓـــﺎ وﺑـــﺪ ُر اﻟﻨـــﺎدي)‪(5‬‬ ‫ورﺛﺎه اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻋ ُﺮ اﺑ ُﻦ)‪ (3‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِ ّﴘ)‪َ (4‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺼــــــﻴﺎﻧﺔ )‪(6‬إﻻ َﻋــــــﻦ اﻷَﻧــــــﺪاد)‪(7‬‬ ‫ﻟﺸــــــﻘﺎﺋِﻨﺎ إذ ُﺧــــــ ﱠﺺ ﺑﺎﻹﺳــــــﻌﺎد‬ ‫َﻋ ُﻈـــ َﻢ اﳌُ َﺼـــﺎ ُب ﺑـــﻪ َو َﻋـــ ﱠﺰ اﻟ َﻔـــﺎدي‬ ‫ﻓﻔــﺆا ِد ﻣــﻦ َﻃ َﻠـــ ِﺐ اﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﺋِــﺪ َﺻـــﺎد)‪(10‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤـــ ٌﺮ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻌﻠـــ ِﻢ اﳌﻨـــﺰ ِه ﺳﻴــــﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻜـــــﺄﻧ َﲈ ﻛـــــﺎﻧﻮا َﻋـــــ َﲆ ﻣﻴﻌـــــﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﺒـــ ٌﻞ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴـــ ِﺪ ُﻫـــ ِﺪ َم ُر ْﻛ ُﻨـــ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨـــــﻪ أ ًﺑـــــﺎ ﺑـــــﺮا َﻋـــــ َﲆ اﻷوﻻد‬ ‫ﺑﺤــ ًﺮا ﻋــﺎ َض)‪ (9)(8‬اﻟــ ﱠﺪ ْﻫ ُﺮ َﻓــﺎﺋِ َﺾ َﻓ ْﻀــﻠِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ ﻧـــﺎ ِر أﻧﻔـــﺎس ﻏـــﺪت ﻛﺮ َﻣـــﺎد‬ ‫وﻗﴣــ اﻟﺘﻘــﻰ واﻟﻨﺴــﻚ ﻧﺤ ًﺒــﺎ إذ ﻗﴣــ‬ ‫ُﻧـــ َﻮ ٍب)‪ (2‬ﻏـــﺪت ﻟﻠﺨﻠـــﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺻـــﺎد‬ ‫ﻳــﺎ ﻳــﺘﻢ ﻃــﻼب اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠــﻮم ﻟﻔﻘــﺪﻫﻢ)‪(11‬‬ ‫ﻳـــﺎ ﺣﴪـــة ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﴣـــ َﻋـــﻦ أﻧﻔـــﺲ‬ ‫ﻫــﻲ ِﺳــ َﻤ ُﺔ اﻷﻳــﺎم ﻗــﺪ ُﻃﺒِ َﻌــ ْﺖ)‪ (1‬ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \" َﻋﻨﻲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ِﰲ أ\"اﳌﻨﻴﺎﻳﺎ\" ﺧﻄ ًﺄ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺑﻦ\" ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺰ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﴘ ‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﴘ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪ُ -‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮي‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪898‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ ‪.(231 /4) :‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬أي َ ْﳎ ِﻠ ُﺲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِم َﳖﺎ ًرا‪َ ،‬أ ْو ا َﳌ ْﺠﻠِ ُﺲ َﻣﺎ دا ُﻣﻮا ُ ْﳎ َﺘ ِﻤ ِﻌ َﲔ ﻓِﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻧﺎد ًﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ َﻏ ْﲑ أﻫﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌـ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴـ ِﻞ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ‪ ،(76 /8) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤـﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪ ،(363/9) ،‬واﻟﻘـﺎﻣﻮ َس اﳌُ ِﺤـﻴﻂ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ِﻔﲑوز َأ َﺑﺎ ِد ﱢي‪) ،‬ص ‪.(1724‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﳌﻌﻨﻰ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﲨﻊ ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﳌﺜﻞ ِﰲ اﳊﺴﺐ واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬وﻳﻀﺎ ﱡده ِﰲ أﻣﻮره‪ ،‬وﻳﺮﻳﺪ ِﺧ َﻼف اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﻳﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(10/8) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(456 /11) ،‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤـﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(263/9‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺎض\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي أﺧﺬ ﻋﻮ ًﺿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(101/2) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(188/4) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(3171/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬أي ُﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮض‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(261/8) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪ ،(2409/4) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟ َﻌ ُﺮو ِس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(266/8) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ َﺣﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ )ب( \"ﺻﻮاب ﻟﻔﻘﺪه\"‪=.‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬

‫َﻋــﻦ ﻗﻴﴫــ وﻋــﺪت ﺑﺼــﺎﺣﺐ ﻋــﺎد)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﻛﴪــت َﻋــ َﲆ ﻛﴪــى و َﻣــﺎ إن ﻗﴫــت‬ ‫أﺳـــــ ًﻔﺎ ﻓﺒـــــﺪل ﻏﻤﻀـــــﻪ ﺑﺴـــــﻬﺎد‬ ‫وﻣـــﺪ ﻟـــﻪ ذﻫـــﺐ اﻷﺳـــﻰ ﳍﺠﻮﻋـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺠـــﺮت ﻣﺪاﻣﻌـــﻪ ﺑﺼـــﻮب ﻋﻬـــﺎد)‪(4‬‬ ‫وﺑﻜـــﻰ َﻋـــ َﲆ ﻋﻬـــ ٍﺪ ﺧـــﻼ وﻣﻌﺎﻫـــﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮاﻗـــــــﻪ ﻓﺎﻟـــــــﺪا ُر دار ﻧﻔـــــــﺎد‬ ‫أﻣﻔﺎرﻗﻴــــﻪ ﻣــــﻦ اﻷﺣﺒــــﺔ ﻻ أﺳــــﻰ‬ ‫ردت ﳌﻮدﻋﻬــــــﺎ ﻣــــــﻦ اﻷﺟﺴــــــﺎد‬ ‫َﻣــــﺎ ﻫــــﺬه اﻷرواح َﻏــــ ْﲑ وداﺋــــﻊ‬ ‫ﻣــــﺘﻄﻔ ٌﺢ)‪ (6)(5‬ﻣــــﻊ ﻛﺜــــﺮة اﻟــــﻮراد)‪(7‬‬ ‫واﳌــــﻮت ﻛــــﺄ ٌس ِﰲ اﻟ َ ِﱪ ﱠﻳــــ ِﺔ داﺋــــ ٌﺮ‬ ‫أﺳــــﻔﺖ)‪ (8‬وﻟﻜــــﻦ رﻗــــﺔ اﻷﻛﺒــــﺎد‬ ‫وإذا رﺟﻌــﺖ إِ َﱃ اﻟﺼــﻮاب ﻓﻠــﻢ ﻳﻔــﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻀـــﺎة اﳌﺴـــﻠﻤﲔ وﻣﻠﺠـــﺄ اﻟﻘﺼـــﺎد‬ ‫ﺻـــــ ًﱪا ﲨـــــﻴ ًﻼ ﺳـــــﻴﺪي ﻗـــــﺎﴈ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــــﻢ ﻳـــــﻨﻜﺲ رءوس اﳊﺴـــــﺎد‬ ‫وﻧﺎﺳــــ ًﺌﺎ)‪ (9‬ﻟﻠﻨــــﺎس إﻧــــﻚ ﺑﻴــــﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈـــــــﻴﻢ وﺑﺠﻨـــــــﺔ اﻟﺰﻫـــــــﺎد‬ ‫وﻳﻌــﺰ ِﰲ َﺷــ ْﻴﺨﻲ اﻹ َﻣــﺎم أﻋــﺰ ﻟــﻪ اﷲ‬ ‫ﲥﻤــــﻲ)‪ (10‬ﻋﻠﻴــــﻪ رواﺋــــﺢ وﻋــــﻮاد‬ ‫َﻫـــ َﺬا وﻻ ﺑﺮﺣـــﺖ ﺳـــﺤﺎﺋﺐ رﲪـــﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣــﺖ َﻋــ َﲆ ﻏﺼــﻦ اﻟﻨــﻮا)‪ (2‬اﳌﻴــﺎد)‪(3‬‬ ‫َﻣــﺎ ﻫﺎﺟــﺖ)‪ (11‬اﻟﻮرﻗــﺎء)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ ورق و َﻣــﺎ‬ ‫=)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻃﻤﻌﺖ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﲨﻊ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﻌﻰ ﻧﺎزﻟﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﲨﻊ ﻧﺎدر‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(520 /10) ،‬واﳌﻐـﺮ َب ِﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ اﳌﻌـﺮب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ا ُﳌﻄـ ﱢﺮز‪ ،(331/2) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴـﺎ َن‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4569 /6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻢ ﻗﻮم ﻋﺎد‪ ،‬وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﻮد َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﲨﻊ َﻋ ْﻬﺪة و َﻋ ْﻬﺪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ َﻄﺮ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣ َﻄ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣ َﻄ ٌﺮ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻣ َﻄ ٍﺮ ُﻳ ْﺪ ِر ُك آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه َﺑ َﻠ َﻞ َأ ﱠو ِﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(102 /1) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪ ،(170 /4) ،‬واﳌﺨﺼـ َﺺ ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(122/5‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻣﺘﻔﻄﺢ\"‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻬﺎ \"ﺻﻮاب ﻣﺘﻄﻔﺢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي ا ْﻣ َﺘ َ َﻸ َوا ْر َﺗ َﻔ َﻊ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﻓﺎ َض‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(392/4) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻓﺎ ِرس‪ ،(415/3) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص ‪.(394‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻫﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮدون ا َﳌﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ ُ :‬ﳐ َﺘﺎ َر اﻟ ﱢﺼ َﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(716‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4811 /6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \"أﺳ ًﻔﺎ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي داﻓ ًﻌﺎ ﳍﻢ وزاﺟ ًﺮا َﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(84/13) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4403/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬أي َﺗ ُﺼ ﱡﺐ َو َﺗ ِﺴﻴ ُﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ َﻬ َﺮة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(182/3) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(467/6) ،‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤـﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(84/4‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬أي َﺛﺎ َر ْت ﳌَِ َﺸ ﱠﻘ ٍﺔ َأ ْو َ َﴐ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(67/4) ،‬و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(349/6) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪،‬‬ ‫)‪=.(366/4‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬

‫ورﺛﺎه ا َﳋ ﱠﻔﺎ ُف)‪ (4‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻋ ِﺮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻤﺪح ﺑﻤﻴﻌﺎده‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛـــﻼ اﻟـــﺪارﻳ ِﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻔـــﺎ‬ ‫‪/8‬أ ﴎا ُج اﻟﻌﻠــ ِﻢ واﻟ ﱡﺰ َﻟ َﻔــﺎ)‪(5‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨـــــﻮ ٍر ِﻣ ْﻨـــــ ُﻪ ﻗـــــﺪ َو ﱠﰱ‬ ‫ﻓــــﻼ َﺷــــ ْﻤ ٌﺲ وﻻ ﺑــــﺪ ٌر‬ ‫إﻟﻴــــﻚ ﻗــــﻂ ﻻ ﻳﺸــــﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـــــﻞ ﳌﻌﻴـــــﺪه ﺣـــــﺘ ًﲈ‬ ‫ﻛـــ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ اﳉﻔـــﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻔـــﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻨـــﻲ اﻟـــﺪﻣﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻗـــﻰ‬ ‫و َﺿــــ ْﻌﻒ زاد ِﰲ ﺿــــﻌﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﳊــــ ٍﲔ َﺷــــ ﱠﻔﻨِﻲ)‪َ (6‬د ْﻫــــ ًﺮا‬ ‫َﺟـــ َﻼل اﻟـــ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻗـــﺪ َﻋ َﻔـــﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـــــﻞ ﻟﻌﺪﻳﻠـــــﻪ)‪ (7‬أ ﱠﻣـــــﺎ‬ ‫و َﻋﻨــــﻪ ِﰲ ﻏــــ ٍﺪ ﻳﻌﻔــــﻰ‬ ‫وﻣـــﻦ ﻋﻔـــﺎ ﻟـــﻪ اﳊﺴـــﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻛ َﻌــ ْﺮ ِف)‪ (8‬اﻟﻄﻴــﺐ ﻻ ﳜﻔــﻰ‬ ‫و َﻣــــﺎ ُﺣ ْﺴــــ ُﻦ اﻟﺒِﻨَــــﺎ ِء إﻻ‬ ‫وأرﺳﻞ إ ﱠﱄ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْﺦ ﻋﻼء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ا ِﻹ ْرﺑِِﲇ)‪ (9‬ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎ ِر ِدﻳﻦ)‪ِ (1‬ﻛﺘَﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻌﺰﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ِﻋﻨْﺪي)‪ (2‬ﺑِ َﺨﻄﱢ ِﻪ ﻓﻨـﺬﻛﺮ ِﻣ ْﻨـ ُﻪ َﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل)‪: (3‬‬ ‫=)‪ (1‬أي اﳊ َﲈﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(210/5) ،‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪ ،(16/6) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳـﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(410/2‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أي اﻟﺪار‪ ،‬أو اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺤ ﱡﻮ ُل ﻣﻦ دا ٍر إﱃ دا ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(420/10) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(537/10) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(190/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬أي اﻵﰐ واﻟﺬاﻫﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(269/5) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4306/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ا َﳋ ﱠﻔﺎف ا َﳊ ْﻨ َﺒﲇ‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ اﻟﺼﻠﺤﺎء‪ ،‬وا َﳋ ﱠﻔﺎف ﻫﺬه اﳊﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ ﻋﻤﻞ ا ِﳋ َﻔﺎف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷﻧ َﺴﺎ َب‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ َﻌﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،(386 /2) ،‬واﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(9/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬أي اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ أول اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎ ُت اﻟﻠﻴ ِﻞ اﻵ ِﺧ َﺬ ُة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﻬﺎ ِر‪ ،‬وﺳﺎﻋﺎ ُت اﻟﻨﱠﻬﺎ ِر اﻵ ِﺧ َﺬ ُة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(213/13) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(48/9) ،‬واﻟ ُﻌ َﺒﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﺧـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺼـﺎﻏﺎﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء ص‪.(253‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي أﺣﺰﻧﻨﻲ وﺟﻬﺪﲏ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ َأﻧ َﺤ َﻠﻨﻲ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ َأ ْذ َﻫ َﺐ ﻋﻘﲇ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺨﺼ َﺺ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻴﺪه‪ ،(87 /4) ،‬وﻟﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(2290/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي اﻟﻨﻈﲑ واﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﺜﻞ وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﲑ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(13/2) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪ ،(2840 /4) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟ َﻌ ُﺮو ِس ﻣﻦ ﺟـﻮاﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(448 /29) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻃ ّﻴﺒﺔ وﻏﲑ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻷرﺟﺢ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟِـﻪ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ‪¢ ¡  :‬‬ ‫‪َ ُ ) ،£‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ‪.(6 :‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(382/2) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(346/2) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(281/4‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪=.‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬

‫ﺑِ ْﺴ ِﻢ اﷲِ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬إﻧﺎ ِﷲ وإﻧﺎ إﻟﻴﻪ راﺟﻌﻮن‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧـ ٍﱪ َﺻـ ﱠﺪ َع وﻗ ُﻌـﻪ اﻷﺣﺠـﺎ َر اﻟﻘـﻮاﳼ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻞ ﴏ َع ﺻـﺪ ُﻋﻪ‬ ‫اﳉﺒﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺮواﳼ‪ِ ،‬ر ْز ٌء ﻧﻜ َﺄ)‪ (4‬اﻟﻘﻠﻮ َب وﺟﻮﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺮت اﻷﻛﺒﺎد وﻗﺮﺣﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳـﺪاوي ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺴـ ﱡﺪ ُﺛ ْﻠ َﻤـ ًﺔ)‪،(6)(5‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠ َﺐ اﻷﺟﻔﺎ َن َﻛ َﺮاﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وأوﻫﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻫﺎ ِن ﻗﻮاﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وأﻋﺎ َد ﳖﺎ َر اﻷُﻧ ِﺲ ﻣﺴﻮدا‪ ،‬و َأ ْﺑ َﺪا وﺟ َﻪ اﻟ ﱡﴪـو ِر اﳌﻔـﺪا‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌـ َﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺸﺎ َء ﻣﻨﺎ واﻟ ﱡﻀﻠﻮ َع ُﳏﱰﻗ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺻ َ َﱪ)‪ (7‬اﻟﻌﻴﻮ َن ﺑ َﲈ اﻟﺪﻣﻮع َﻏ ِﺮ َﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻﻔﻮ اﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻣﻜﺪرة‪ ،‬و َﺷـ ْﻤﺲ اﻟﻨﻌـﻴﻢ ﻣﻜـﻮرة‬ ‫ﲠﺒﻮ ِط اﻟ َﻌ َﻠ ِﻢ اﻟﺮﻓِﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وﺳﻘﻮ ِط اﳌﻘﺎ ِم ا َﳌﻨِﻴﻊ‪ ،‬واﻧﻄﻔ َﺄ ﻧﻮ ُر ﴎاج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬واﺧﺘﻔﺎ ﻇﻬﻮ ُر ﻣﻨﻬـﺎج اﻟﻴﻘـﲔ‪ ،‬واﻧﺘ َﻘـﺎل َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم إِ َﱃ دا ِر اﻟﺴﻼم‪ ،‬وﺟﻮا ِر اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ ِﰲ أﻋﲆ ُﻏﺮ ِف ا ِﳉﻨَﺎن‪ ،‬ودا ِر اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺿﺎ واﻟ ﱢﺮ ْﺿـ َﻮان‪ ،‬ﺗﻐ ﱠﻤـﺪه ا ُﷲ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ ﺑﺮﲪﺘـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮ َﻣﺎ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي أﻧـﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻠـﻪ‬ ‫وأﺳﻜﻨَﻪ ﻓِ َﺮا َش)‪ (8‬ﺟﻨﺘِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗ ﱠﺪ َس رو َﺣﻪ‪ ،‬و َﻧ ﱠﻮ َر ﴐ َﳛﻪ‬ ‫أﻧﺎﻋﻴـــﻪ إن اﻟﻨﻔـــﻮ َس َﻣ ُﻨﻮ َﻃـــ ٌﺔ)‪(9‬‬ ‫=)‪َ (1‬ﻣﺎ ِر ِدﻳﻦ ﺑﻜﴪ اﻟﺮاء واﻟﺪال‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﲨﻊ َﻣﺎرد ﲨﻊ ﺗ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وﻳﺮى اﳊﻤﻮي أﳖﺎ إﻧ َﲈ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺑ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻷن ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﳌَـﺎ ﺑﻠﻐـﻪ ﻗـﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﺎء ﲤﺮد َﻣﺎرد وﻋﺰ اﻷﺑﻠﻖ ورأى ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ ﻗﻠﻌﺘﻪ وﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻫﺬه َﻣﺎردﻳﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑة ﻻ َﻣﺎرد َوا ِﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﲨﻌﻪ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻘـﻞ؛ ﻷن‬ ‫اﳌﺮود ِﰲ اﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﳉ َﲈدات‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ َﻳ ُﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﳉﻦ واﻹﻧﺲ و َﳘﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﻼن اﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﻞ واﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻣﺎردﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرة َﻋ َﲆ ﻗِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ ﺟﺒﻞ اﳉﺰﻳﺮة ﻣﴩﻓﺔ َﻋ َﲆ دﻧﻴﴪ ودارا وﻧِ ﱢﺼﻴﺒﲔ‪ ،‬و َذ ِﻟ َﻚ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ وﻗـﺪاﻣﻬﺎ رﺑـﺾ ﻋﻈـﻴﻢ ﻓِﻴـﻪ‬ ‫أﺳﻮاق َﻛﺜِﲑة وﺧﺎﻧﺎت وﻣﺪارس ورﺑﻂ وﺧﺎﻧﻘﺎﻫﺎت‪ ،‬ودورﻫﻢ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺪرج ﻛﻞ دار ﻓﻮق اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﻛﻞ درب ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ﻳﴩف َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪور َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ دون ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻬﻢ َﻣﺎﻧﻊ و ِﻋ ْﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻴﻮن ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ اﳌَﺎء‪ ،‬وﺟﻞ ﴍﲠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪة ِﰲ دورﻫﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟـﺬي ﻻ ﺷـﻚ‬ ‫ﻓِﻴﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ اﻷرض ﻛﻠﻬﺎ أﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻌﺘﻬﺎ وﻻ أﺣﺼﻦ وﻻ أﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻵن ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ َﻣﺎردﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘـﻊ ِﰲ ﺟﻨـﻮب ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷ َﻗﺎ َﻟﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺸ َﲈﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺿﻤﺖ إِ َﱃ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺎ ﺑﻤﻮﺟـﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة ﺳـﻴﻔﺮ ﻋـﺎم ‪1920‬م‪ ،‬ﺑـﲔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻬـﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ وﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈــ ْﺮ ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺠــ َﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠــ َﺪان‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻴــﺎ ُﻗﻮت ا َﳊ َﻤــ ِﻮ ّي‪ ،(39/5) ،‬وﻣﻮﻗــ َﻊ وﻳﻜﺒﻴــﺪﻳﺎ اﳌﻮﺳــﻮﻋﺔ اﳊــﺮة َﻋــ َﲆ اﻟﺸــﺒﻜﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴــﺔ‬ ‫‪.r.m.wikipedia.org‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻷن\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ )ب( \" ِﰲ أوﻟﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي ُﺟ ْﺮح‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺒﺎب اﻟﺰاﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﻏﺎﲏ‪) ،‬ﺣﺮف اﳍﻤﺰة ص‪.(183‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )أ( \"ﺛﻤﻠﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ا)ْﻧ‪ُ6‬ﻈ ْ(ﺮأ‪ :‬اي ُﳌ ُﻓ ْْﺤﺮ ََﻜﺟ ٌَﺔﻢ‪َ ،‬وَاو ُﳌ َﺧ ِْﺤﺮـ ٌﻴق َﻂوا َْﺧ َﻷَﻠ ٌْﻋﻞ َﻈَوـ َﺗ َﻢ‪،‬ﱡﴩمﻻ ْ‪.‬ﺑـ ِﻦ ِﺳـﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(155/10) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪ ،(384/1) ،‬وﳐﺘـﺎ َر‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(86‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي َﺣ ْﺒ ُﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(171/12) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻳِﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻓـﺎ ِرس‪ ،(329/3) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴـﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(2391/4‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺮادﻳﺲ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬أي ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻠ َﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(456/7) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(118/3) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪.(4577/6) ،‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬

‫ﺑﺠﻬ ٍﻞ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺼﻐ ُﺮ ا َﳋ ْﻄ َﺐ ﺟﺎ ِﻫ ُﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻴـ َﺖ َﺑـ ْﺮ ًزا)‪ (1‬ﺟـﻼ ﻋﻈـ ُﻢ ﻣﺼـﺎ ُﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎ ٌب أﻣ ﱡﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎب)‪ ،(2‬وأﻛ َﺮ ُه ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴ ِﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺒﺎ ِب‪َ ،‬ﺟ َﻌـ َﻞ داﻣـ َﻲ اﻟـ ﱡﺪﻣﻮ ِع ِﰲ اﻧ ِﺴـ َﻜﺎب‪ ،‬وﺣـﺎﻣﻲ ﻧـﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻀﻠﻮ ِع ِﰲ اﻟﺘِ َﻬﺎب‪ ،‬ﺷ ﱠﻘ َﻖ ﻗﻠﻮ َب اﻷﺣﺒﺎ ِب‪ ،‬وﻣﺮوﺣﺎ ِت اﻷﺗﺮاب‪ ،‬وﻗﺼ َﻢ ﻗﻮى اﻷَ ْﺻ َﻼ ِب واﻟ ﱡﻈﻬﻮر)‪ ،(3‬وأﻟﺒ َﺲ‬ ‫ِﺿﻴﺎ َء اﻟ ﱠﻨﻬﺎ ِر ﺣﺪاد َﺳ َﻮاد َد ْ ُﳚﻮر)‪َ ،(4‬و َﻣ َ َﻸ اﻟ ُﻘ ُﻠﻮ َب ا ْرﺗِ َﻴﺎ ًﻋﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ َﻃﺎ َر اﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﻔﻮ َس اﻧﺘﺰا ًﻋﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻋﺎ َدت اﻷَ ْﻫ َﺪا ُب)‪َ (5‬ﻫﺎ ِﻣ َﻴـ ًﺔ)‪(6‬‬ ‫َﻫﺎ ِﻣ َﻴ ًﺔ)‪َ (6‬واﻛِ َﻔ ًﺔ)‪َ ،(7‬واﻷﻟ َﺒﺎ ُب َدا ِﻣ َﻴ ًﺔ)‪َ (8‬وا ِﺟ َﻔ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬و َد َﻋـﺎﺋِ ُﻢ اﻷَ ْﺷـ َﺒﺎ ِح)‪َ (9‬را ِﺟ َﻔـ ًﺔ)‪(10‬؛ ﻟِ َﻮاﻗِ َﻌـ ٍﺔ)‪َ (11‬ﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲ ﳍـﺎ ﻣـﻦ دون ا ِﷲ‬ ‫َﻛﺎ ِﺷ َﻔﺔ)‪.(12‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أي َﻃﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ‪ ،‬أو َﻇﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ ا ُﳋ ُﻠ ِﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻔﻴ ٌﻒ َﻣ ْﻮﺛﻮ ٌق ﺑ َﻌ ْﻘﻠِ ِﻪ و َر ْأﻳِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌـ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴـ ِﻞ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ‪ ،(364/7) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤـﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪ ،(47/9) ،‬واﻟﻘـﺎﻣﻮ َس ا ُﳌ ِﺤـﻴﻂ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ِﻔﲑوز َأ َﺑﺎ ِد ﱢي‪) ،‬ص‪.(646‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻋ َﺼﺎ َرة َﺷ َﺠﺮ ُﻣ َﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ُﻋ َﺼﺎ َرة اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﱪ‪ ،‬و ِﻗﻴ َﻞ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺷ َﺠ ٌﺮ إِذا ا ْﻋ ُﺘ ِﴫ َﺧ َﺮ َج ﻣﻨﻪ َﻛ َﻬ ْﻴ َﺌ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﺒ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺑﲈ َﻧ َﺰ ْت ِﻣﻨـﻪ َﻧ ِﺰ ﱠﻳـ ٌﺔ َأي َﻗ ْﻄـﺮ ٌة‬ ‫ﻓ َﺘ َﻘﻊ ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﲔ ﻓﻜ َﺄ ﱠﳖَﺎ ِﺷ َﻬﺎ ُب َﻧﺎ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺤﻜ َﻢ واﳌﺤﻴﻂ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪه‪ ،(388/8) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(216/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬أﳊﻘﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"اﻟﻈﻬﻮر\" ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬أي ُﻇ ْﻠ َﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(637/10) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(318/7) ،‬وﳐﺘـﺎ َر اﻟﺼـﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(199‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"اﻷﻫﺪﻟﺖ\" ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬وأﺛﺒﺖ \"اﻷﻫﺪاب\" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي َﺗ ُﺼ ﱡﺐ َد ْﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(467/6) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪ ،(4705/6) ،‬وﺗﺎ َج اﻟ َﻌ ُﺮو ِس ﻣﻦ ﺟـﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘـﺎﻣﻮس‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(312/40) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي ُﻣ َﺘ َﻔ ﱢﺠ َﺮة َو َﻏ ِﺰﻳﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪َ ،(413/3) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(339/6) ،‬وأﺳـﺎ َس اﻟﺒﻼﻏـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺰﳐﴩـي‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪.(508‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬أي َد ِﻣﻴ َﺖ وﱂ َﺗ ِﺴ ْﻞ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬إذا ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ ،‬واﻷَ ﱠول أﺻ َﻮ ُب؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﻟﺪا ِﻣﻌ َﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﻠ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪاﻣﻴ ُﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َﺗ ْﺪﻣﻲ وﱂ َﺗ ْﺪ َﻣ ْﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪.(89/8) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﲨﻊ َﺷ َﺒﺢ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺑﺪا ﻟﻚ ﺷﺨ ُﺼﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﳋﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(99/3) ،‬واﳌُ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒـﺎد‪ ،(433/2) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴـﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(2183/4‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬أي ُﻣ ْﺮ َﺗ ِﻌ َﺪة ُﻣ ْﻀ َﻄ ِﺮﺑﺔ ُﻣ َﺘ َﺰ ْﻟ ِﺰ َﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(43/11) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(235‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(1595/3‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬أي اﻟ ﱠﺪا ِﻫ َﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َواﳌُ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(274/2) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪ ،(134/3) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(4895/6‬‬ ‫)‪َ (12‬ﻋ َﲆ ﻏﺮار ﻗﻮل اﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ‪) ،ihg fed :‬اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ‪.(58 :‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬

‫وﳍﻮﻟِــ ِﻪ ﺗﺘﺰﻟــﺰ ُل ﻣــﻦ اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻛﺎدت ﺗﺰول اﻟﺮاﺳـﻴﺎت ﻟﻮﻗﻌـﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻜــﻼن)‪ (2‬ﻻ ﺑﺴــﻂ وﻻ ﻗــﺒﺾ‬ ‫وﻏــــﺪا اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻣــــﺎ ُن)‪َ (1‬ﻣﺄﺛﻤـــــﺔ‬ ‫‪/8‬ب وﻛﻴﻒ ﻻ وﻗﺪ َﻛﺎ َن ﴎا َج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻳ ِﻢ وﻗﻄ َﺐ اﳌﺮﺷﺪﻳﻦ إِ َﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ِج اﻟﻴﻘـﲔ ا ُﳌ ْﺴـ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬وﺑـﺪ ًرا‬ ‫ﻣﴩ ًﻗﺎ ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻨﺎرت ﺑﻪ َﺣﻨَﺎ ِدس)‪ (3‬ﻇﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﺎﱄ اﳉﻬﻞ‪ ،‬و َﺷ ْﻤ ًﺴﺎ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﺿﻴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺳـ َﲈء اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ واﻟﻔﻀـﻞ‪ ،‬أﺣﻴـﺎ اﷲُ‬ ‫َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ)‪ (4‬ﺑﻮﺟﻮده َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ َﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم واﻧﺪرس‪ ،‬وأﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ وﻓﻀﻠﻪ َﻣﺎ)‪ (5‬ﻗﺪ ﺧ ِﻔـﻲ ﻣـﻦ رﺳـﻮم ﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻮق وﻣﻔﻬﻮم واﻧﻄﻤﺲ‪ ،‬وﺟﺪ َد ﺳـﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺑ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِﻣـﻪ ووﺟـﻮدِه ِﰲ ا َﳌﺎﺋـ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﻣﻨـ ِﺔ َﻣـﺎ َﻛـﺎ َن ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌـﺎﱂِ اﻟﴩـﻳﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ أﺿﺤ ْﺖ ﳐﺘ ِﻔﻴ ًﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻨ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻹﻇﻬﺎ ِر أﻧـﻮار أﴎار ﻛـﻞ ِﺧﻄـﺎب‪ ،‬ﻛـ َﲈ َﻛـﺎ َن ﻗـﺪ ﺟﻌـﻞ ﻟﺘﺄﻳﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم أﻣﲑ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ)‪ (6‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫أوﺿ َﺢ ﺑﻜ َﲈ ِل ُﻋ ُﻠﻮﻣﻪ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ َأ ْﺷﻜ َﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب واﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺟﺰ َل َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ﺑﻌﻤـﻴ ِﻢ ﻛﺮ ِﻣـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎدِه ﺑﺤﺴ ِﻦ إرﺷﺎدِه‪ ،‬و َﺑ َﻤ ﱢﻦ اﺟﺘﻬﺎدِه اﻟﻔﻀﻞ واﳌﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺘ َﻢ ﺑﻪ اﻷﺋﻤ َﺔ اﳌﺠﺘﻬﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬و َﻛ ﱠﻤﻞ ﺑ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِﻣﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـ َﺔ ﴍﻳﻌـ ِﺔ‬ ‫َﺳ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ ا ُﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪ ،‬و َ ﱠﲨ َﻞ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗِﻪ ﻛﺎﻓ َﺔ اﳌﺸﺎﻳ ِﺦ اﳌﺮﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﻠﻪ أﻋﺠﻮﺑ ًﺔ ُﻳﺴﺘﺪ ُل ﲠﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛ َﲈل اﻟﻘﺪ َرة‪ ،‬وأﺣﻴﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ اﻋﱰى أﻫﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ واﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔﱰة)‪ ،(7‬اﻧﻔﺮد ِﰲ ز َﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺈﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﴩﻳﻌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺬ ﱠﻳ َﻞ وزاد)‪َ (8‬ﻋ َﲆ َﻛﺜِﲑ ﳑﻦ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺠﺘﻬﺪﻳﻦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎب)‪َ ،(9‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ اﻧﺤﴫ ﻧﻮ ُﻋﻪ ِﰲ ﺷﺨ ِﺼﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ اﳌﺒﺎرك‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳـﺘﺒ ﱠﺪ ﻓﻠـﻢ ﺗـﺮ ﻟـﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫ز َﻣﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﻦ ُﻣﺸﺎرك‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﻘ ﱠﻞ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣ ِﺔ أﻋﻼ ِم ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼم‪ ،‬وﺷﻌﺎ ِر ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ واﳌﻨﺎﺳﻚ‪ ،‬وأﺿﺤﻰ ﺑﺎ ُﺑﻪ ِﻗ ْﺒ َﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﻨﺎ ُﺑـﻪ ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ َﻋﺎ ِﱂٍ َﻃﺎﻟِ ٍﺐ َﻧﺎ ِﺳ ٍﻚ؛ﻓﻠ َﻬ َﺬا َﻛﺎ َنرزءهأﻋﻈ َﻢﻣﻦ ِر ْز ِءاﻷَﺋِﻤ ِﺔاﻷرﺑﻌ ِﺔأﰊ َﺣﻨِﻴ َﻔﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬و َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻳﻌﻈﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬أي ﻓﺎﻗ ٌﺪ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻪ و ُوﻟِ َﺪه‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌﻤﻞ ِﰲ ُﻓﻘﺪان اﳌﺮأ ِة ُو ِﻟ َﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن اﻟﺰ َﻣﺎن ﻓﻘﺪ ُو ِﻟ َﺪه‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(349/5) ،‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(241/6) ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠـ َﻢ َﻣ َﻘـﺎ ِﻳﻴ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ِرس‪.(383/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﲨﻊ ِﺣﻨْ ِﺪس‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(64/4) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮر‪.(1020/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ\" َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﻛﺎن\"‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ِﰲ )ب( \"أﻣﲑ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أي اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻌ َﻔ ُﺔ واﻟﺴﻜﻮن َﻋﻦ اﳊﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(272/14) ،‬وا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴ َﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒﺎد‪ ،(426/9) ،‬وﳐﺘﺎ َر اﻟﺼـﺤﺎح‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َأ ِﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(489‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ \" ِﰲ ز َﻣﺎﻧﻪ\" ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺮف ص ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺎء \"اﻷﻟﺒﺎب\"‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎف \"ﻛﺎن\"‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻛ َﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬

‫إ َﻣﺎ ٌم ﱂ ﺗﻜ ْﺪ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﻤﺜﻠِﻪ اﻷدوا ُر‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ دا َم اﻟ َﻔ َﻠ ُﻚ اﻟ ّﺪوا ُر َﻓﺎ َق ﺑﻜ َﲈ ِل ﻋﻠ ِﻤﻪ ﲨﻴ َﻊ ا ُﳌﺘَ َﺄ ﱢﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜـ َﺮ اﻷواﺋِـﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺻﺎ َر ُﻳ َﺸﺎ ُر إﻟﻴﻪ ِﰲ ُﲨﻠ ِﺔ اﻷﻣﺼﺎ ِر واﻟ َﻘ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ﺑﺎﻷَ َﻧﺎ ِﻣ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ َق ﺑﺒﻠﻴ ِﻎ َﻓ َﺼﺎ َﺣﺘِﻪ َﺳ ْﺤﺒَﺎ َن َوا ِﺋﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن إذا ﺗﻜﻠـﻢ ﻓـﺎﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ َﺳﻤﻊ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑه ﻟَﻴْ َﺲ ﻳﺘﻔﻮه‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻗﺎﺋ ٌﻞ َﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺢ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن َذ َﻫ َﻞ َﻋﻨـﻪ َﲨﺎﻋـ ٌﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻋﻴـﺎ ِن واﻷَ َﻓﺎ ِﺿـ ِﻞ ﻣـﻦ ُأ ﱠﻣ َﻬـﺎ ِت‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ َﻮا ِﻋ ِﺪ‪ ،‬و ُﻓ ُﺮو ِع اﳌَ َﺴﺎ ِﺋ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َر ﱠﺟ َﺢ ﺑﺪﻗﻴ ِﻖ ِذ ْﻫﻨِ ِﻪ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﻮ َر َﻛﺜِ ٌﲑ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺮﺟﻮ ِح اﻟﺪﻻﺋ ِﻞ ﺑﻪ َﺗ َﻜ ﱠﻤـ َﻞ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ‪َ ،‬و َ َﲡ ﱠﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء‪ ،‬وﻟﻮﻻه َﳌﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ﺷﺎﻫ َﺪ ﻧﺎﻇِﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ َﻛ ْﻴـ َﻒ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‪ ،‬وﻻ َﻛ ْﻴـ َﻒ اﻟـ ﱠﺬﻛﺎء‪ ،‬ﲨـ َﻊ ﺑـﲔ ﻛـ َﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳ ِﺮ واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴ ِﻖ‪ ،‬وﳖﺎﻳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺤﺮﻳ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ َﻮى ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ َم َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳﻌ ِﺔ واﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳﻘـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼـﺎ َر ِﰲ َﻋ ْ ِﴫـه َﺷـﻴْ َﺦ ﻣﺸـﺎﻳﺦ َأﻫـ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻘ ِﲔ واﳊﻘﻴﻘ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن إذا َ َﴍ َع ِﰲ ﺑﻴﺎ ِن ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ٍﺔ َأ ْو ﺣ ﱢﻞ ُﻣﺸﻜﻠ ٍﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺒَ ْﺤﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺰاﺧ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ َﻜﺎ ُد ﻳﺸﺎﻫ ُﺪ ﻟﻪ أو ٌل وﻻ آ ِﺧﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔــﺮق ِﰲ اﻟــ ﱠﺰﻣ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻐــﺎﺑِﺮ‬ ‫ﳚﻤ ُﻊ ﻓِﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔﻀـ ِﻞ َﻣـﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋ ِﻞ ِﰲ اﻷو ِل واﻵﺧـ ِﺮ‬ ‫وﻟـﻴﺲ ﺑﺒـﺪ ٍع ﻳﻌـ ﱡﻢ ﺑﺠﻤـ ِﻊ‬ ‫‪/9‬أ َو َﻟ ُﻪ ﻗﺪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﻮ ُﳍﻢ‪ ،‬وﻛﻢ ﺗﺮك اﻷول ﻟﻶﺧﺮ)‪ (1‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ رآه ﻓ َﲈ رأى اﻟﻌﺠـﺐ اﻟﻌﺠـﺎب‪ ،‬وﻣـﻦ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﺪه ﻓ َﲈ أﺑ َﴫ أﺣ ًﺪا ﻣﻦ ذوي اﻷﻟﺒﺎ ِب‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤ ْﻊ ﺑﺤﺜَﻪ وﺗﻘﺪﻳ َﺮه ﻓ َﲈ ﺳﻤ َﻊ ﻟﺬة ﺧﻄﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎق َﻋ َﲆ أﻫ ِﻞ ز َﻣﺎﻧِ ِﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮم‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮ ًﺻﺎ ﺧﻮاص اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ وأﴎار اﻟ ِﻜﺘَـﺎب‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺎرﺑـﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ِﺔ‬ ‫ا َْﳊ ِﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﻗﺪﻳ ٌﻢ وﻻ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻻ داﻧﺎه)‪ِ (2‬ﰲ ﻣﻀ َﲈ ِر اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴ ِﻖ ﻻﺣﻖ ﺳـﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺴـﺎﺑﻖ ﺣﺜﻴـﺚ‪َ ،‬ﻛـﺎ َن ِﰲ ﻋﻠـ ِﻢ اﻟﴩـﻳﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳ ِﺔ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺮ ا ِﳋ َﻀ ﱡﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﺳﻮاه َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺣ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻛـﺎ َن ِﰲ ﻣﻘـﺎ ِم اﻟﻜـﻼ ِم ﺑﺄذﻳـﺎ ِل اﻟﻔﻀـ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ اﳌﻘـﻴ ُﻢ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ اﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻮ َر ﺣﺪﻗ ِﺔ إﻧﺴﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻣﺎن‪(3) ،‬و ﻧﻮ َر ﺣﺪﻗ ِﺔ)‪ (4‬ﺑﺴﺘﺎن أﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﻔﻀ ِﻞ واﻟﻠﺴـﺎن؛ ﻓﻠ َﻬـ َﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻠ َﻬ َﺬا ﺷﻤﻞ رزءه اﻟﻌﺎم واﳋﺎص‪ ،‬وﻋﻤ ْﺖ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺘُﻪ ﲨﻴ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِس‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻓ َﺔ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص)‪.(5‬‬ ‫ﻓــﺎﳊ ﱡﻖ)‪ (6‬ﻓِﻴــﻪ ﻛﻠﻬــﻢ َﻣــﺄﺟﻮ ُر‬ ‫ﻋﻤـﺖ ﻓﻀـﺎﺋ ُﻠﻪ ﻓﻌـ ﱠﻢ ُﻣ َﺼـﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﻛـــ ﱢﻞ دا ٍر َر ﱠﻧـــ ٌﺔ وزﻓِـــ ُﲑ)‪(7‬‬ ‫واﻟﻨـﺎ ُس َﻣـﺄﲤﻬ ُﻢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ َوا ِﺣـ ٌﺪ‬ ‫ﺻــ ًﱪا ﻷَ ﱠﻧــﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻨــﺎ ﳉــﺪﻳ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻟﺴـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻮﻟـﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄ ﱠﻧــﻪ ﻣــﻦ ﻧﴩــﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺸــﻮ ُر‬ ‫ردت ﻣﻨﺎ ِﻗ ُﺒـــﻪ ﻋﻠﻴـــﻪ ﺣﻴﺎ َﺗـــﻪ‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺸﻄﺮ َﻏ ْﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﰲ )أ( \"دﻧﺎه\"‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \"ﺻﱪه\" ﺛﻢ ﴐب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (4‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﳑَﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﰲ )ب( \"ﻓﺎﳋﻠﻖ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ أﻳﻮب اﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬دﻳﻮان اﳊﲈﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﰊ ﲤﺎم‪) ،‬ص‪.(285‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬

‫َﻗﺎ َل)‪ : (1‬وﻟﻮﻻ)‪ (2‬أن اﻟﻨﻔﻮ َس ُﻣﺘﻴﻘﻨ ٌﺔ و ُﻣﺘﺤﻘﻘ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻘﻮ َل ﺟﺎزﻣـ ٌﺔ وﻣﺼـﺪﻗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬إن اﻟـ ﱠﺪﻫﺮ ﻋﻄـﺎه اﻧﺘـﺰا ُع‪،‬‬ ‫وﺣﺒﺎه ارﲡﺎع‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺂوي ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﻃﻦ ﺑﻪ َﻋﻨﻪ)‪ (3‬ﻛﺎﻟ ﱠﺮا ِﺣ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻧ ْﻔ ُﺲ اﳌَ ْﺮ ِء إِ َﱃ أﺟﻠِﻪ ﻛﺎ َﳌ َﺮا ِﺣ ِﻞ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻳـــﺪي اﳌَ َﻨﺎ َﻳـــﺎ )‪(5‬اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴـــﺎﱄ َﻣ َﺮا ِﺣ ُﻠـــﻪ‬ ‫و َﻣــﺎ ﻧﻔــ ُﺲ اﻹﻧﺴــﺎ ِن اﻵﺧــ ِﺮ إِ ﱠﻧــﻪ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﴤ ﻋﺰﻳ ُﻢ ا َﳊ ﱢﻖ َﺳ َﻔ َﺮ ﻣﻦ ُﻫـ َﻮ َﻣﺎﻃِ ُﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺴــﻠ ُﺐ َأ ْﺑــﻮا ُب اﳊﻴــﺎةِ َﻣ َﻌﺎ َر َﻫــﺎ)‪(6‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل)‪:(7‬وإ ﱠن َﻗ َﻀﺎ َء ا ِﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ)‪َ (8‬ﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ﻻ ُﻳﺪﻓﻊ‪ ،‬و َﻗ َﺪ َره َﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َﺟ ّﻞ َﻋ ْﺪ ٌل ﻻ ُﻳﻤﻨـﻊ‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻧـﻪ ﻻ ﻳـﺘﻤﻜ ُﻦ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺪا َﻓ َﻌﺘِﻪ ُﺳﻠﻄﺎ ٌن ﺑﻜﺜﺮةِ َ ْﲨ ِﻌ ِﻪ َو َﻋ َﺪ ِده‪ ،‬وﻻ َﻣ َﻠ َﻚ ﺑﺘﻮﻓِ ِﲑ ِﺳﻼﺣﻪ وﻋﺪده‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل)‪: (9‬‬ ‫وﻻ َﻣﻨَ َﻌـ ْﺖ َﻋﻨـﻪ إﻳـﺎه َ َﴎاﺑِ ُﻠ )‪(10‬ـﻪ‬ ‫و َﻣﺎ َﺻ ﱠﺪ ﻫﻠ ًﻜﺎ َﻋﻦ ﺳـﻠﻴ َﲈن ُﻣ ْﻠﻜـﻪ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ و َﻧـﺎ َل ﻣﺮﻋـﺎ ِت)‪َ (11‬روا ِﺣــﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨــﻪ َﺣــ ْﻮض اﳊــ َﲈ ِم ﻓــﻮار ٌد‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل)‪ : (12‬وإ ﱠﻧﻪ ﺣﻮ ٌض ﻻﺑ ﱠﺪ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺣ ﱟﻲ ﻣﻦ ُو ُرو ِده‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺰ ٌل ﻻ ﻣﺪﻓﻊ ﻹﻧﺴـﺎ ٍن)‪ (13‬ﻣـﻦ ُﺣ ُﻠﻮﻟِـﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُو ُﻓـﻮ ِده‪ ،‬وإﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟ َﻔ ِﺠﻴ َﻌ ُﺔ)‪ (14‬اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِزﻟَ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻮ ِﺟﻴ َﻌ ُﺔ اﳍﺎﺋﻠ ُﺔ)‪ ،(15‬واﻟﺮزﻳﺌ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ِﻠ ﱠﻴـ ُﺔ ا َﳉ ِﻬﻴﻤـ ُﺔ)‪ ،(16‬واﻟﻮاﻗﻌـ ُﺔ ا ُﳌ ِﻌﻴ َﻤـ ُﺔ)‪،(17‬‬ ‫واﳌﺼﻴﺒ ُﺔ ا َﳉ ِﺴﻴ َﻤ ُﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﻮ ِﺟﺒَ ٌﺔ ﻟِ َﺘ َﻠ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﻔﻮ ِس‪ ،‬و َذ َﻫﺎ ِب اﻟ ُﻌﻘﻮ ِل‪ ،‬وإ ْن َ ِﲣ ﱡﺮ ﻧﺠﻮ ُم اﻟﺴ َﲈء‪ ،‬وﲡﻨ ُﺢ َﺷ ْﻤﺲ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻬﺎ ِر ﻟ ُﻸ ُﻓﻮ ِل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ \"ﻟﻮ\" \"ﻟﻮﻻ\" ﻓﻮق ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻋﻨﻪ\" َﻏ ْﲑ وﺟﻮدة ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﲨﻊ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ارﲢﻠﺖ َﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪.(142/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ )ب( ِز َﻳﺎ َدة \"و\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬أي ﻣﺎ أﻋﺎرﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺤﻴﻂ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺣﺐ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎد‪.(141/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﰲ )ب( \" َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﲨﻊ ِﴎﺑﺎل‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻤﻴﺺ‪َ ،‬أ ْو اﻟﺪرع‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻤ َﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺪرع‪ ،‬واﻷﺻﻞ اﳉﻤﻊ َﴎاﺑﻴﻞ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﴬور ِة اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ اﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﻮزن‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ إﻻ ﺑﺤﺬف اﻟﻴﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ ‪ْ َ :‬ﲨ َﻬـ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳـﺪ‪ ،(142/2) ،‬و َ ْﲥـ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐـ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫـ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،(154/13) ،‬و ِﻟ َﺴـﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌـ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻨ ُﻈـﻮر‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(1983/3‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (11‬ﰲ )ب( \" َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﴪﻋﺎت\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َﻗﺎ َل\" ﻣﻦ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻋﺒﺎرة \"ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ووﻓﻮده‪ ،‬وإﻻ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﺠﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮﺟﻴﻌﺔ\" أﳊﻘﺖ ِﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ )أ( وﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ِﰲ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪.(385/1‬‬ ‫ِﻟ َﻸ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫و َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ َﺐ‬ ‫)‪،(101/2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎ ٍل َأ ْو ﲪﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺠﻊ اﻹ ْﻧ َﺴﺎن ﺑ َﲈ ﻳﻌ ﱡﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ اﳌﺆﳌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (14‬أي‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُد َر ْﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،(235/1) ،‬و َ ْﲨ َﻬ َﺮ َة‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ َﲔ‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (15‬ﰲ )ب( \"اﻟﻨﺠﻴﻌﺔ اﳉﻬﻴﻤﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (16‬أي اﻟ َﻐﻠِﻴ َﻈﺔ ا َﳌ ْﻜ ُﺮو َﻫﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠ َﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻓﺎرس‪ ،(490/1) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈـﻮر‪ ،(714/1) ،‬وﺗـﺎ َج اﻟ َﻌـ ُﺮو ِس ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﻮاﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(433/31) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (17‬أي اﻟﻄ ِﻮﻳ َﻠﺔ َِﳉ ْﺪ ِﲠِﺎ واﻣﺘِﻨﺎ ِع ِﺧ ْﺼﺒِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻢ َوا ُﳌ ِﺤﻴﻂ ا ْﻷَ ْﻋ َﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻴ َﺪه‪ ،(380/2) ،‬وﻟِ َﺴﺎ َن اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﻨْ ُﻈﻮر‪ ،(3195/4) ،‬وﺗـﺎ َج اﻟ َﻌـ ُﺮو ِس ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪.(159 /33) ،‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬