Occupational Expansion Skills OP 31002

The Essence of Occupational Performance Textbook Occupational Expansion Skills (OP31002) Upper Secondary Level Non-Formal Education Basic Curriculum of B.E. 2551 (Revised Edition B.E. 2554) Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education Office of the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Education Not for sale This textbook is published with a national budget allocated for the purpose of people’s lifelong learning. Copyright owned by the Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education. Academic Document No. 25/255

1 The Essence of Occupational Performance Textbook Occupational Expansion Skills (OP31002) Upper Secondary Level New Edition B.E. 2554 Copyright owned by the Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education Academic Document No. 25/2555

2 Preface The Ministry of Education has proclaimed the use of Non-Formal Basic Education Curriculum of B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008) on the 18th September, 2008 with an aim to replace the former principles and practices of the Non-Formal Basic Education Curriculum of B.E 2544 (A.D.2001) which was developed in accordance with the philosophical principles and basic beliefs pertaining to the conduct of the out-of-school learning programs for adult target learners whose learning practices are to accumulate their knowledge and learning experiences continuously. In the 2001 fiscal year, the Ministry of Education had set a strategic plan for mobilizing the educational policy in order to raise the capability and potentiality of the people in terms of their competitiveness in job performances that enable them to earn an affluent living constantly, perform with discipline, to have good morality and ethical behavior, and to be aware of self-performance and responsibility as well as to assist others concerned. In order to respond to the above-mentioned policy of the Ministry of Education, the Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education (ONIE) decided to reconsider the former Curriculum of B.E. 2551 in terms of its principles and aims, its standard and expected outcomes as well as particular substances of 5 groups of the learning essences to make them more compliant with and be responding to the new policies of the Ministry of Education. The reconsideration had contributed to the revision of non-formal education text books by adding an integration of more contents and essences of occupation, morality and virtue as well as integrating the issues concerning readiness and preparation for Thailand to join with the ASEAN community. In terms of development of the subject essences, the revision remains to keep the principle and procedures of the former text in which the learners are to do self-study, conduct learning activities, undertake tests to evaluate their own understanding, conduct group discussions to share knowledge and experiences among groups’ members and to acquire additional knowledge from local wisdom and from other sources of information.

3 The revision of this text book has received the generous support and collaboration from various experts and resource people as well as other concerned personnel who kindly provided useful information and data collection from various sources of knowledge to make the revision more meaningful. Their helpful information has made the new contents more relevant and appropriate to the learning standard and indicators of the expected outcomes of each subject essence. The Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education (ONIE) wishes to express its sincere appreciation for their considerate concern and helpful cooperation. ONIE hopes that these new revised learning essences will be useful to the learners, the teachers or facilitators as well as other concerned staff personnel at all levels. The ONIE will be pleased to invite any advice and recommendations for the improvement of future issues. (Mr. Prasert Boonrueng) Secretary-General November 2011

4 Table of Contents Page Preface 3 7 Instruction for using the textbook 8 9 Essence Structures on Occupational Expansion Skills 10 Chapter 1 Skills Relating Occupational Expansion 24 Topic 1 : Needs of Occupational Training 33 34 Topic 2 : Skills in Applying Innovation and Technology for 52 53 Occupational Expansion 57 Chapter 2 Verifying the Constancy System of Preparedness for 62 Occupational Development 63 Topic 1: Examining preparedness system to create sustaining occupation 68 Chapter 3 Self Development for Occupational Expansion 75 Topic 1: Analyzing, understanding and knowing self 93 Topic 2: Development of occupational expansion skills to suit 94 100 one’s personality Chapter 4 Meanings and significances of occupational expansion Topic 1: Meanings of occupational expansion management In line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy Topic 2: Significance of stable occupational expansion management In line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy Chapter 5 Basic knowledge on management and administration of occupational expansion Chapter 6 Applying the concept of sufficiency economy into practices in development of occupational expansion Topic 1: Compositions of occupational expansion system according to the Concept of Sufficiency Economy Topic 2: Business planning

5 Chapter 7 Mobilizing business for expanding occupation 132 Topic 1: Controlling the strategies of occupational expansion 133 Topic 2: Verification of occupational expansion outcomes according to 139 143 the operations plan 144 Chapter 8 Occupational expansion projects Topic 1: Development of project proposal on occupational expansion For submitting to funding agencies

6 Instruction on the use of textbook This Essence of Occupational Performance Textbook on Occupational Expansion Skills Subject (OP31002) is designed for the use of non-formal education learners at upper secondary level. In using this textbook, the learners should proceed on the following tasks: 1. Study the course structure and try to understand the main topics, the scope of the contents and the expected learning outcomes. 2. Study the content details of each chapter carefully and do the activities as assigned. Then, check your answers using the provided answer key. If your answers are wrong, review the lesson once again to understand the content before proceeding onto the next topic. 3. The teacher should review the significant essence of the textbook on Channels for Occupational Expansion (OP31001) so that the learners can obtain more understanding and can link these two subject essences together to enable the learners to continue their knowledge and understanding of these two subject essences on occupational expansion skills. 4. This textbook has concentrated mostly on learning process management on agricultural occupation. However, other fields of occupations may apply this agricultural process management for use. 5. This textbook consists of 8 chapters as follows: Chapter 1 Skills relating to occupational expansion Chapter 2 Verifying preparedness system in creating stable occupation Chapter 3 Self Development for Occupational Expansion Chapter 4 Meanings and significances of occupational expansion Chapter 5 Basic knowledge on management of occupational expansion Chapter 6 Applying the concept of sufficiency economy into practice for development of occupational expansion Chapter 7 Mobilizing business for expanding occupation Chapter 8 Occupational expansion projects

7 The Essence Structures on the Occupational Expansion Skills Upper Secondary Level (OP 31002) Levels of Learning Standard and Expected Learning Outcomes Levels of Learning Standard 1. To acquire knowledge and understanding as well as skills on occupational expansion for creating basic knowledge on stability of production and marketing process including the application of appropriate technology and innovation through biodiversity and local wisdom. 2. To acquire knowledge and skills in planning and initiating project plan for the expansion of occupational business and be ready for market competition according to the stability of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Expected Learning Outcomes 1. Be able to identify various skills concerning production processes and marketing which apply innovative technology in the selected occupational expansion. 2. Be able to verify the readiness system in making a stability of occupational expansion. 3. Be able to analyze self habit and capacities in developing occupational expansion skills. 4. Be able to explain the meanings and significance of skills management for occupational expansion. 5. Be able to develop and improve business plan on production management or marketing services management according to the concept or Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. 6. Be able to examine the business system for occupational expansion. 7. Be able to mobilize the operations plan for occupational expansion. Scopes of the Contents Chapter 1 Skills relating to occupational expansion Chapter 2 Verifying preparedness system in creating stable occupation Chapter 3 Self Development for Occupational Expansion Chapter 4 Meanings and significances of occupational expansion Chapter 5 Basic knowledge on management of occupational expansion

8 Chapter 6 Applying the concept of sufficiency economy into practice for development of occupational expansion Chapter 7 Mobilizing business for expanding occupation Chapter 8 Occupational expansion projects

9 Chapter 1 Skills Relating to Occupational Expansion Expected learning outcomes Be able to identify various skills concerning production processes and marketing which apply innovative technology in the selected occupational expansion. Scopes of the contents Topic 1 : Needs of Occupational Training Topic 2 : Skills in Applying Innovation and Technology for Learning media 1. Learning Document #1 Obtaining knowledge on database working skills 2. Learning Document #2 Extending individual’s wisdom and ability in upgrading knowledge 3. Learning Document #3 Promoting varieties of knowledge and skills for occupational stability 4. Learning Document #4 Evaluation of effectiveness of innovation and technology 5. Learning Document #5 Analysis for differentiation of roles and responsibilities of innovation and technology

10 Topic 1 : Needs of Occupational Training Indicators of learning achievement 1. Understand the ability on database working skill. 2. Understand how to extend self wisdom and ability in upgrading knowledge. 3. Understands the varieties of biological knowledge and activities for occupation stability. Learning operations plan Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Learning media indicators Evaluation Learning Document #1 1. Understand the ability Self-learning Obtaining knowledge on database working on database working skill 1. Each learner reviews learning 1. Identification of skills documents and try to understand working experiences that need some knowledge on the database working skills. database information. 2. Review of working experiences on his own database and integrate all knowledge together in order to extend knowledge and skills for occupational expansion. Self Learning 1. Identification of Learning Document #2 1. Each learner tries to make understanding on extending self knowledge wisdom to be Extending individual’s wisdom and ability in upgrading used as the main ability for wisdom and ability in knowledge. upgrading the levels of upgrading knowledge Group learning Occupation. 2. The learners of same occupation group together and search for 2. Identification of the knowledge wisdom needed as the measure for upgrading main ability for upgrading the knowledge. levels of knowledge and occupation.

11 Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Learning media Evaluation indicators Learning Document #3 3. Understands the Self Learning Promoting varieties of varieties of biological knowledge and skills knowledge and activities The learners make understanding 1. No single thinking for occupational for occupation stability. stability. on initiating varieties of stable 2. Integrating varieties occupational performances that and building stability of help decrease risk taking on market occupations. places.

12 Learning Document # 1 : Obtaining knowledge on database working skills In making decision on conducting occupational expansion, most people intend to follow the current trends which are of popular occupations among others rather than making own decision on what are the most suitable for them. In doing this, some people have achieved their goal, but many of them have failed due to inappropriate occupation they expanded. If we consider those who have stable achievement and success in their occupational expansion, we may learn that those people do things through their own consideration and decision making based on knowledge and information being collected and tried out systematically on their own. The people who undertake this process of doing before making decision is regarded as the one who obtains knowledge through database working skill which contributed to more appropriate occupational expansion. Framework for database working    Data base occupation Capital Constructing Operations , apply Product occupational model Customer and summary Self for self สบทเรียน Chart of thinking model on database working According to the framework for database working, it is shown that the process comprises at least 3 activities that are necessary for self development in which the learner s have to build their learning habit and desirable behavior in changing themselves or expanding stable occupations. Occupational database Performing business is concerning 4 significant factors: 1. Capital factor 2. Product factor 3. Customer factor 4. Self factor

13 These factors are regarded as the occupational database that the learners have to arrange their own database system and make use of them as the model for working. The details of which are as follow: 1. Capital factor comprising the following: Capital or asset – such as house, land, factory and all of our belongings or things to be bought or prepared for doing business. Finance – an amount of finance to be invested. The learners may have to find the sources of finance, how to get to that sources of finance and how to cope with the financial interest. 2. Products factor comprising the following: The quality of products and the need of market. Production processes to be used. Innovation and technology and how to decrease the capital. Innovation and technology and levels of production Packaging Storage 3. Customers factor comprising the following: What are the current popularities or values Which are the appropriate approaches to reach customers How to build up loyalty to the customers How to promote selling 4. Self factor comprising the following: Knowledge on working skills Development of team work or employees Self recognition Social environment and our place of enterprise The learners should try to understand and study more details on the said factors to enable them to make decision regarding the model of working system, or they may build up their own confidences in trying out occupational model so that they can see the output and make decision in doing or giving up their business.

14 Constructing occupational model Occupational model is regarded as a hypothesis for proving of occupational performance in which it has the following steps of operation: Step 1 – Basic study for summarizing data and constructing occupational model Starting with the analysis of occupational database in which we need to do all of 4 factors, and then use the result of data finding to identify basic model for the try-out and finding the data information. For example; Target business Activities / procedures Hypothesis Inputs Producing - Breeding 1. Yield fresh products 1. Japanese fig dried fig for - Compost making 5 kilograms/tree/year 2. Hen dropping for marketing - Microbe producing 2. Yield dried products compost making - Planting and maintenance 1.5 Km/tree/year 3. Microbe 1-2-3 - Collecting products 3. A rai of land grows 4. One rai of land - Caring plants 400 ton - Dehydrating - Packaging Step 2 – Conducting business model After undertaking basic study and getting the result of the try-out, the learners then use the outcomes to arrange a business model on dried fig production and put into market places 200 kilogram per week. The processes of the model are as follow: 1. Operations model Goal Criterion measure Working procedures Operational factors Producing dried of success Fig for marketing 200 kilogram per week 1. Fresh fig growing 5 1. Breeding through cutting root 1. Accelerate root units/year and preserve 2. Compose making 96 ton/year 2. Bag covering / Cutting dried fig 1.5 kk./unit/year 3. Microorganism 9,600 litre/year 3.Chick dropped 96 ton

15 2. Growing 6,400 ton of fig 4. Maintenance work 16 rai 4. Microorganism 3. Using areas of 16 rai 5. Plant curing work 1-2-3 6. Harvest/collecting products 5. Develop land 7. Drying 8. Packaging 16 rai 2. Documenting the steps of working - Producing a documentation on the activities and steps of operations to be used by the workers and for summarizing the lesson. This step identifies from the beginning of completing try-out which comprises planning for business (Plan), conduct plan (Do), follow-up of result (Check), solving problems (Action), all of which are identified as the “PDCA” in which every step needs to do the recording of results and impacts so that it can be used as the data for summarizing the lessons on the stable business administration and development effectively and continuously. Summary Business administration, both in terms of production and services, is regarded as the freelance in which the owner needs to build immunity for curing his/her own business and may have to rely on data and information technology relating to various occupations. The operational steps may comprise 4 different factors: (1) Capital, (2) Products and services, (3) Customers, and (4) Self, all of which are to consider from the beginning when making decision on selecting occupational model that is suitable for his/herself. Activity 1 1. Let the learners identify the occupations of their interest, and consider which kinds of occupations they need to be trained and how they may do to expand that particular occupations. 2. Let the learners make a model of their current occupation or any occupation of their interest, or design a model from any wisdom of occupation comprising 2 steps of operations: (1) undertake a study to collect basic data for model consideration, (2) Design occupational model.

16 Learning Document # 2 : Extending individual’s wisdom and ability in upgrading knowledge In transferring individual’s wisdom on any knowledge to other person, most of the provider may concentrate or give significance to the techniques, steps and procedures of working or problem solving. Nevertheless, the wisdom in general still comprises many other factors which can bring about stable and sustainable success, but the one who receives wisdom transferred mostly tends to concentrate only on techniques and procedures. For example; the wisdom on separating organic substance tends to give significance to dried and liquid compose making only, in spite that there remains other significant factors to be considered. There, to extend the individual’s wisdom should involve thinking and analyzing processes systematically in order to upgrade knowledge so as to be compliance with particular era. Concept idea Transferring of individual’s wisdom should comprise the following framework: Steps of wisdom Steps of in-depth Steps of development analysis study 1.1 Wisdom analysis and identify mission Identify informative knowledge Extension of wisdom 1.2 Analyze mission and identify activities Collect information/review of study Modify and develop 1.3 Analyze activities/identify systems Make clearly understanding 1.4 Analyze steps of the systems / identify techniques and procedures 1. Frame of analysis thinking, wisdom and in-depth study on production of dried fig Mission Activities / steps of wisdom system Procedures Information and ปัญญา knowledge needed Fresh fig 1. growing 1.1.2 Breeding 1.1 Stranded branching 1.1.1 Under bud selection 1.1.3 Cutting around branches Scraping growing tissue 1.1.4 Accelerate root with hormone

17 3. 2. Growing / 1.2 Patching Product 1 Planting Dried fig 2 Caring 3 Harvesting Transformation Packaging 2. Concept idea for further development of wisdom into current era Wisdom New era of theoretical thinking 1. Mission of wisdom 1. Suitability of quality 1.1 Role and responsibility of control management entrepreneur 1.2 Resource management 1.3 Suitability of 2.1 Production management 1.4 production system 2.2 Quality control 2. Activities / steps of 2. Quality of products managing wisdom Suitability of procedure Effectiveness of production process 2.3 techniques 3.2 Ability of the input 3. Procedure techniques 3. 3.1 Ability in decreasing capital & time Precisely stable & less impact 3.3 Secure environment

18 According to the above concept ideas, the learners may find that occupational expansion or stability of occupational development is the matter of thinking, analyzing, using data and information technology, adapting and applying knowledge, all of which are regarded as the significant measures for expanding wisdom and increasing actual knowledge to a high level. Expanding wisdom and increasing high level of knowledge – is the process and steps of analyzing the local wisdom in order to obtain more knowledge and understanding which may lead to the new theoretical idea for upgrading knowledge as shown in the following chart.

19 Wisdom on dried fig production System analysis to obtain new theoretical idea for increasing level of knowledge Missions Appropriateness of business administration 1. Fresh fig production - Roles of business owner Data information for 2. Dried fig production - Resources administration increasing knowledge levels - Administering production Operations - Quality control 1. Quality control management system ISO 90001/2000 And activities Appropriateness of system - Production quality Information data for - Effectiveness of increasing knowledge the process - Abilities of 1. Identify production standard Operations factors 2. ISO management 3. Strategy controlling Appropriateness of techniques 1. Breeding Input Stranded Patching Product for 2. Planting banching growing 3. Caring Steps of 1 Under bud selection 1. Cover tightly with bag with operations 2. Cutting around branches coconut fiber inside 3. Scraping growing tissue 4. Accelerate root with hormone 2. Making hole at the bag 3. Tied tightly with the trunk 4. Accelerate root with hormone

20 6. Learning Document #3 Promoting varieties of knowledge and skills for occupational stability Concept idea Product Earning Stable and Varieties of increased income sustainable Biological aspect occupation and activities Variety changes of characters Chart showing relationship and framework for building varieties of occupational stability. Building the varieties Building of occupational varieties is individual’s wisdom in creating immunization for occupational performance according to new Theory of His Majesty King Rama IX in which His Majesty very much wishes to see the stability and sustainability of Thai agricultural practices through growing rice, vegetables and fruits as well as chicken raising for family consumption, and put remaining products into sale in the market place to raise income. Besides, His Majesty wishes the people to do swine raising for selling and put aside the money for family saving. In addition, His Majesty wishes the farmers to help growing plants to bear the sun light and to make the areas cool. His Majesty’s generous supports to promote development and improvement of people’s quality of life are proved to be the framework for building varieties of occupational stability.

21 Example of rotation or the cycle of occupational varieties on Biological Agriculture Occupation Rotation between biological agriculture Input Output Benefit of rotation - Rice bran used for preparing organic Biological matters Product food to develop land. - Rice straw used as the organic substance Rice bran Vegetable for making compose. Rice straw Fruit plant - Rotation for animal food Worked plant - Rotation for animal food Rice Rice bran Duck - Fallen leaves are decayed and rotated to become organic fertilizer Vegetable Rice straw Chicken/hen Fruit - Making compose, nurturing soil and Pork being plant food Worked plant (Bean species) Fish Duck Chicken/hen Pieces of vegetable and Duck Pork fruit left and cannot be Chicken/hen eaten Pork Fish Fallen leaves on the Rice earth Vegetable Fruit Stool /feaces Rice Urine Vegetable hair Fruit plant Worked plant According to the above example, it gives much benefit to the farmers in terms of decreasing their capital. Through well-planned capacity, the farmer may work according to His Majesty then King’ advice in doing farming, with the proportions of 3+3+3+1. This proportion refers to water area for fish raising(3) + farm area for biological rotations (3), vegetable and fruit growing and worked plant area (3) + living and animal raising and walking area (1). This said structure and proportion generously advised by His Majesty is one of the King’s initiatives which rely on least factors from the outside.

22 Example of agricultural processing to increase value of the products Biological product Output Processing to increase value Paddy - Brown rice Rice Rice bran - White rice - Grains for health Paddy hull - Fuel rods - White radish - Sweet radish - Mustard greens - Kuta Yom Pickled - Pickled quahog Vegetable - Leaves pickle - Paprika - Chili paste - Onions - Red chili paste - Garlic - Fermented garlic Vegetable - Dried fruit Vegetable - Preserves - Vinegar Wood fuel - Charcoal ไมโ้ ตเร็ว Worked wood - Wood vinegar - Furniture - Board Pork meat - Fermented pork - Sour pork Pork Pork fat - Pork Kun Chiang - Liquid soap - Dish liquid washing - Dried fatty pork (Kab Moo) According to the above example, we may see that food processing has provided varieties of activities and products, and can increase the values of products that obtain more income as well as more stability and sustainability of occupation.

23 Factors of the success The factors of success in creating biological varieties and the activities which can make the varieties possible and sustainable may involve the following measures: 1. Doing research of data and information and then analyze the possibility of making arrangement for creating operations system. 2. Review some lessons showing best practices and then use these information to rearrange the operational system as appropriated to the learners themselves. 3. Try-out the operational system to examine whether it is relevant and appropriated as planned and then find the appropriate measure for further development. According to the above three factors, it could be summarized that the factors of success in creating biological varieties and the activities which promote stability and sustainability of occupations are to work through database system and to use research analysis as the best equipment. Activity 2 Let the learners identify the cycle or rotation of biological varieties or occupational activities of their own, or making an interview of someone who performs an occupation under the learner’s interest. Rotation of biological varieties and occupational activities Benefit from the rotation Input Product Output Biological

24 Topic 2 Skills in applying innovation and technology for occupational expansion. Indicators of learning achievement 1. Be able to evaluate the effectiveness as well as to accept or reject the innovation and technology for occupational expansion. 2. Have knowledge and understanding as well as differentiate the roles and responsibility of innovation and technology. 3. Have skills in using innovation and technology effectively. Operations plan of learning Indicators of learning Activities Assessment and Learning media achievement evaluation 1. Be able to evaluate the Self-learning effectiveness, decision 1. Learners make understanding 1. Ability in responding the Learning document 4 making, accept or reject on evaluation of effectiveness of objectives. Evaluation of the innovation and innovation and technology 2. Saving the capital. effectiveness of technology. through the use of learning 3. Mobilizing the task innovation and documents. effectively. technology 2. Learners undertake evaluation of innovation and technology being recommended by government and private sectors. 2. Be able to understand Self-learning how to differentiate the 1. Learners decide to use 1. Identify the roles Learning document 5 roles and responsibilities innovation or technology in 2. Identify responsibilities Analysis for of innovation and studying and analyzing their differentiation of roles technology. roles and responsibilities in and responsibilities of order to apply them innovation and appropriately through the use of technology learning documents 3. Undertake the Self-learning operations using Thelearners study steps of work 1. Effective ness in using - innovation and technology of innovation and technology, innovation and technology

25 effectively. then follow the steps of working and examine the abilities and effectiveness of themselves in using innovation and technology 7. Learning Document #4 Evaluation of effectiveness of innovation and technology Concept Idea Accuracy on the objectives Effectiveness Reduce cost Instantly of Capital According to the above chart, we may explain that the effectiveness of the innovation and technology comprise at least 3 significant factors: (1) accuracy according to the plan or objectives, (2) instantly or fast, and (3) reduce cost of capital and investment. Every factor may have to relate to one another, and may be summarize as follows: Effectiveness of occupational innovation and technology comprises at least 3 significant factors: 1. Ability to work properly according to the objectives and less fail 2. Economize 3. Work instantly

26 Evaluation of task in accordance with technological objectives In evaluating the ability of working in relation to the objectives of innovation and technology, the learners should consider the indicators of success by themselves as identified in the following examples: Example : Evaluation of tasks according to objectives Evaluation factors Indicators of success Criterion measure of success 1. Achieving objectives 1. Achievement of innovation and 1. Accepted minimum ability of technology 90% of task 2.Unachieved task 2. Unqualified task 2. Accepted maximum failed of 5% of task The following chart is a concrete example of evaluation criteria of appropriate task of innovation and technology. Example Evaluation criteria of appropriate task of microorganism innovation. Evaluation factors Indicators of success Criterion measure of success 1. Fermentation synthesis of The fermentation of organic The fermentation of organic matter organic matter into compose matter is to be completed in 5-7 is to be completed in 5-7 days days through microorganism through 100% of microorganism process. process. 2. Damage of compose Degradation of most organic Not more than 10% of organic matter are done matters still remain not being degraded. Example comparative evaluation of two achievement tasks of microorganism Evaluation factors Fermentation technique of using Private microorganism PD-1 + PD-2 Fermentation process Heating process of 35°C - 40°C Fermentation process with high through microorganism is will be dropped and completed in heat needs manpower to turn the completed in 5-7 days 5-7 days through 100% of compose every 6 hours and to keep microorganism. the temperature of 35°C - 40°C . Most organic matters More than 95% of organic matters Only 70% of organic matters are should be fermented. are done. done.

27 According to the above demonstrated, we may say that the microorganism PD1 and PD2 can work more properly according to the objectives. Evaluation of economized cost of spending This is the comparative evaluations between the new innovative technology to be in place of the old one by having the following information as the variable comparison: 1. Costs of spending 2. Supplementing costs between operating 3. Costs being lessen when comparing the new and the old one Example – Comparative evaluation of innovative technology costs. Goal : Complete shoveling 3 rai of land within 6 hours (in one day) Use manpower to do shoveling Use shoveling machine of 5 horse power (HP) 1. Costs of old innovative technology 1. Costs of new innovative - 15 man powers @200 baht/day = - Shoveling machine @40,000 baht / unit can work 4,000 3,000 baht/day hours @100 baht /hour. The area of 3 rai can use 3 hours of shoveling machine to complete. Therefore the cost of shoveling is only 300 baht. 2. Supplementary costs during working 2. Supplementary costs during working - 15 bottle of healthy fresh drink - Gasoline for 3 hours with 6 liters capacity = 180 cost 150 baht and - cost of changing blade in shoveling machine = 300 baht - Cold water – 50 baht - man powers cost @ 200 baht = 680 baht Total costs of 200 baht 3. Total spending of 3,200 3. Total spending of 980 baht 4. Reducing cost: - 3,200 baht on man power cost - 980 baht on shoveling machine Therefore using shoveling machine may save 2,220 baht

28 Evaluation of the instant task Evaluation of instant task is the comparative findings between time consuming on the use of new imported innovative technology and old innovative man powers. As described in the above example, shoveling the land through the use of small shoveling machine consumes les time (3 hours) than the use of man power (6 hours). Besides, to put manpower into the shoveling in order to complete the target task may find difficulties. Summary In deciding to use new imported innovative technology for performing occupation, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and value of innovation of particular equipment and this is regarded as database working system.

29 Learning Document #5 Analysis for differentiation of roles and responsibilities of innovation and technology As mentioned from the beginning, most people like to choose and undertake the same occupation that other people have successfully performed. As a result, it makes the market place more crowded with same occupation. It should therefore be realize that people should promote development of varieties of occupation and do not try to choose the one that others have done. We should find occupation in which less people do so that it will be more effective and sustain. Development and expansion of occupation may have to acquire technological innovation. The following chart shows steps for performing occupational development 4. To avoid business downturn it should be expanded through the application of innovative technology 3. Market place will be crowded in the future due to same occupation 2. Business in developing and expansion period and some particular businesses are of interest to most group of people 1 Mobilizing of basic business into occupation Chart showing the cycle of occupational development and

30 Concept Idea The followings are some ideas or concept framework for management of appropriate business to particular innovation and technology. 1. Identify needs (1) Identifying what to do (2) Searching knowledge (3) Evaluating ability (4) Making decision Use innovative technology Understand the use Use technology to Apply technology in doing work of innovative technology perform work effectively appropriately Ways of identifying needs 1. Identify what kind of work to do and what kind of innovative technology to be used in performing work in order to reduce cost of capital, time consuming and yielding less fault or damage. Example of what to do and what kind of innovative technology to be used (1) Shoveling the land intensively then add the compose and mix it thoroughly. This task needs many numbers of people to finish the task and it costs more money to hire manpower. More over, this hard job may cause the hired manpower to give up then leave their job. As a result, it is necessary to use innovative technology for shoveling the large pieces of land. (2) During cold season the aster flower (Chrysanthenum) is not produced, thereby makes the market place lack of this kind of flower. Therefore, it is needed to use innovative technology to produce enough amount of flowers. 2. Identify the roles and responsibilities in mobilizing the use of innovative technology Example (1) Extending the light during December – February longer than actual time in order to stimulate the production of aster flowers (2) Agricultural organism lacks of nitrogen but nature farming is not allow to use chemical substance, therefore it is needed to acquire nitrogen from natural resources. Seeking knowledge and understanding for identifying appropriate innovation and technology To use the outcomes of the findings for (1) identifying things to be done, and (2) summarizing which kinds of technology to be used and describing the roles of technology clearly.

31 Example 1 – Fermentation technology Technology Role Responsibility Produce starch Flour Yeast Starch fermented Produce alcohol Degradation of soybean to Flour for fermentation Sugar fermented become uric acid Degradation of fish to fish sauce Lactobacillus in Yacolt Protein fermented Responsibility Example 2 – Making plant produce fruit out of its season Technology Role Fluorescent light ball Produce artificial light to make Stimulate the plant to produce longer day time flower Fermented liquid for plant and Stimulate the leaves to collect Stimulate eaten flowers to fruit food shortly produce more flowers shortly Flowering hormone Stimulate the leaves of fruit plant Stimulate the fruit plant (mango) to produce fruits shortly to produce flowers out of season Withdraw watering To make decaying tree and falling Stimulate the orange tree to give leaves away its leaves Example 3 – Technology on land development through the use of tractor Technology Role Responsibility Pan equip Plow to open the soil To remove bottom up of the soil Acne equip Plow to deepen the soil To degrade soil to produce water underneath Rotary Hit to shuffle the soil To chop and mince the soil for planting rice and vegetable Evaluation of appropriateness and decision making After studying the roles and responsibilities of innovative technology, the next step is to evaluate its appropriateness and to compare the former way of doing and the new technology being used and see whether the results are more or less different from the former one.

32 Example 1 – If the farmer grows mangoes and provides watering and food to the mango tree frequently, the mango tree will continue to produce mango fruits with appropriate numbers being put into market place continuously. However, if we have to spend money buying chemical fertilizer to force the mango tree to produce more mangoes no matter it is within or out of the season. In doing this, can the learners describe whether it is appropriate to our market place or not. Example 2 – If we ferment the fish to make fish sauce by putting salt into fishes at the appropriate proportion and leave it for years long, then we will get the fish sauce. On the other hand, if we do it through bioorganic technology using lactobacillus we may only consume six months time to get fish sauce. Let the learners describe which particular way of doing that the they may choose for making fish sauce if using lactobacillus have to spend more money for buying bioorganic and chopping or mincing the fishes. Summary In applying innovative technology without analyzing the role and responsibility of each particular innovation, it will be too risk to keep safely business and may loose high cost of investment. However, if we give significance to database information technology and make it clear to our knowledge it may help reduce the risk. Activity 3 1. Let the learners conduct the evaluation of innovative technology which is recommended by the government or NGOs. 2. Let the learners analyze and study the role and responsibility of a selected innovative technology by bringing the case study to apply for use. 3. Let the learners study steps of work on the innovative technology and then examine their weaknesses in using that particular technology until they understand and obtain more skills in using it properly. 4. Let the learners plan for skills trainings that are needed for expanding their occupations and then summarize the information regarding where to train, how to do and what to be the outcomes.

33 Chapter 2 Verifying Preparedness System in Creating Stable Occupation Expected learning outcomes Be able to verify or examine the preparedness system in creating stable occupation. Scopes of the content Examining preparedness system in creating stable occupation. Learning media 1. Learning document #6 – Meanings and aspect of element on the scope of occupation 2. Learning document #7 – Analyzing community 3. Learning document #8 – His Majesty the King’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy 4. Learning document #9 – Analyzing verification of preparedness system in creating occupation

34 Topic 1 Verifying preparedness system in creating stable occupation Indicators of learning achievement 1. Understanding scopes of business system. 2. Understanding scopes of sufficiency economy. 3. Understanding the analysis of relationship between scopes of business and sufficiency economy for the evaluation of preparedness in creating stable occupation. Learning operations plan Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Learning media indicators Evaluation 1. Understanding scopes Self-learning of business system The learners study the meanings Identify the cooperative Learning document #6 and scope of cooperative element element on the extent of Meanings and aspect on occupational system from the business. of element on the learning document. scope of occupation Understanding scopes of Self-learning sufficiency economy The learners study the meanings Identifying thinking Learning document #8 and thinking element in the element in the concept Philosophy of H.M. concept of sufficiency economy of sufficiency economy. the King on from the learning documents sufficiency economy 2. Understanding the Self-learning analysis of 1. The learners analyze the Abstract thinking on the Learning document #9 relationship between occupational performance interaction between – Analyzing scopes of business through the application of occupational element verification of and sufficiency H.M.’s philosophy on and sufficiency economy preparedness system in economy for the Sufficiency Economy. creating occupation evaluation of 2. The learners record their Identify the interaction preparedness in preparedness in performing and some faults to be creating stable occupation according to their improved and developed occupation thinking element and interaction for preparedness. between sufficiency economy

35 Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Learning media indicators Evaluation and occupational performance. Learning document #6 – Meanings and aspect of element on the scope of occupation Elements of occupation system Self Capital Stable occupation development Products Customers Chart showing interaction of occupational element system According to the above chart, there are 4 significant elements that impact the stable of occupation. They are (1) capital, (2) products, (3) customers and (4) self development of the enterprise. Capital / Fund In performing occupation it is very important to think about the capital or funding management because it will be the most significant variant that impact the stability and security of occupation. There are varieties of capital fund in which the business man may integrate into his or her occupation investment, such as; 1. Financial capital – derives from own saving fund and funding from loan agents. 2. Land – being the place for conducting business or being the production bases that are needed to be developed effectively.

36 3. Environment capital such as an organic farm located in the place surrounding with forest area. Therefore, the benefit of the location may derive from the surrounding environment such as natural resources fertilizers deriving from the wind and rain, and this helps reduce the capital fund for buying fertilizer and bioorganic substance. Products The product is regarded as the aim and goal of occupational performances in which it should meet the standard or identification being assigned in writing and recognizing in general and the producers should do to produce the write product according to the standard being identified. This said standard comprises the following: 1. Quality of the products should be in accordance with the standards and interest of the customers. 2. The production process must be able to reduce the capital fund. 3. Transferring management of the product to the customers should be best qualified in desirable condition. 4. Being secured and safe products. Customers The customers are regarded as one of the significant factors in any business which helps expand the circulations of funds within the communities and the country as a whole. In performing occupation, significance and recognition should be given to the customers so as to increase the amount of selling products which can, in turn, impact directly to the stability and sustainability of the occupation among individuals, society and country. Self-development In performing business administration, the business owner is needed to study and analyze the production capacity, the market, investment, value of interest, innovation and technologies to enable the owner to manage and develop in the right direction so as to be in compliance with this changing world today and continue to keep stable of their occupation. Example 1 – In doing label writing / painting occupation, if the owner tries to develop his own skills by not using computer or inkjet he may still remain to do such occupation. However, if he does not agree or improve himself for new technology on label painting he may be seen as the unskilled person and may finally discontinue he occupation.

37 Example 2 – A grocery store owner learns how to develop himself by doing a study on community interest of goods and groceries. He then decorates the new style of his grocery store to keep it clean and neat. He sales his groceries at a reasonable price that make the community members be his good customers and stick with his grocery store rather than traveling or going out to the department store. It is certain that the grocery stores that keep developing themselves tend to continue their stable business in the community and do not close themselves from this occupation. Learning document #7 – Analyzing community Analyzing the community Occupational expansion is the appropriate way of making sustainable development on occupation and making it relevant to market needs. Whether or not the occupational expansion will meet success, it depends on the appropriate study and analysis of community situation, both within and outside the community. The study may have to be done in more details in order to do fact finding on the actual aspect of community and changing situation. These information can help setting the goal for occupation expansion. To make stability of occupational expansion, the most significant measure should be given to the analysis of community data and surroundings such as natural resources, weather and geographical aspects, arts, culture, custom, lifestyle and human resource. Therefore, in order to make confidence on the ability in occupational expansion and to set the appropriate goal for stable occupation, the significant task should be given to the analysis of community in terms of the contexts of location and occupation to be developed and expanded. The conduct of community analysis in general may use SWOT for evaluation since it is the relevant technique for doing environment analysis since it may find in more details regarding strengths and weaknesses of what we are finding. The details of which are as follow: SWOT S (Strength) – meanings of skills and abilities or community situation, all of which are in terms of positive impact which can be taken as the benefit for working successfully according to the objectives and contributing to the effectiveness of working performances. W (Weakness) – meanings of negative impact of the community situation which cannot make benefit to meeting success and objectives of working performances and may finally cause failure of the task.

38 O (Opportunity) – meanings of the factors and situations outside the community which provide benefit directly to working condition which tends to reach the final goal and objective. T (Treat) – meanings of the factors and situation outside the community which obstruct or reject the working performances from meeting success or reaching the final goal. To analyze community situation in the context of area and location by using SWOT analysis, there are actual steps of working as follow: (1) Identify the context issue of the community area which is related to the selected occupation to be developed and analyzed. For example: 1.1 Agriculture occupation group – the context issues to be analyzed are natural resources, weather aspect, geographical aspect and human resource. 1.2 Industrial occupation group – the context issues to be analyzed are natural resources, weather aspect, geographical aspect, arts, culture, custom and lifestyle. 1.3 Commerce occupation group - the context issues to be analyzed are natural resources, weather aspect, geographical aspect and location. 1.4 Creativity occupation group - the context issues to be analyzed are natural resources and human resource. 1.5 Director and technical career occupation group - the context issues to be analyzed are natural resources, weather aspect, geographical aspect, arts, culture, custom, lifestyle and human resource. (2) Identify the details of each context issue and the selected occupation to be developed and analyzed. Context issue Details of the issue 1. Natural resources 1.1 Appropriate quality of natural resource 1.2 Facilitate natural resources to occupation in our community and / or neighboring communities. 1.3 Numbers of resources and expenses to be bought 1.4 Sources and volume of water to be used in occupation 1.5 Other concerned issues

39 2. Weather aspect 2.1 Particular aspect of weather 2.2 Weather condition which supports the occupation 2.3 Correlations of weather condition and working areas 2.4 Correlations of weather and natural resources 2.5 Other concerned issues 3. Geographical aspect 3.1 Geographical aspect 3.2 Geographical condition in support of occupation work 4. Arts, culture, custom and 3.3 Correlations of geographical aspect and occupation lifestyle 3.4 Correlations of geographical aspect and natural resources 3.5 Other concerned issues 5. Human resource 4.1 Relations of occupation and community arts 4.2 Occupation in relation to community culture 4.3 Occupation in relation to community custom 4.4 Occupation in relation to lifestyles of community people 4.5 Other concerned issues 5.1 Knowledge in performing self occupation 5.2 Local wisdom on community occupation 5.3 Community work force needed for doing occupation 5.4 Personnel administration / work force 5.5 Relationship of community people and entrepreneur 5.6 Other concerned issues (3) After identifying details in each context issue, the next step is to analyze each occupation through SWOT as follows:

40 Selected occupation ................................................. Community situation Strength Weakness 1. Natural resources 1. Natural resources 2. Weather condition 2. Weather condition 3. Geographical condition 3. Geographical condition 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 5. Human resource 5. Human resource Situation outside community Opportunity Treat 1. Natural resources 1. Natural resources 2. Weather condition 2. Weather condition 3. Geographical condition 3. Geographical condition 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 5. Human resource 5. Human resource (4) Undertake the analysis by identifying facts of information which stated in the given title of the community’s context issues and see how the issues are related to the selected occupation to be developed. This data analysis should be added with all information of the occupation performer who decides to do occupational expansion and the information should be exactly the right one. Data analysis of community situation is the way to analyze each context issue by writing the positive issues about the community, or the issues which support development and success of occupation in the strength column. On the other hand, the negative context issues which are seen as the problems that encounter the occupational performance will be written in the weakness column. In doing analysis of the situation outside community, the information will also be divided in terms of positive data (Opportunity) and negative data (Treat) in which the positive one refers to the supporting data that benefit the successful of occupational performances, while the negative data refers to the problems that encountered occupational performance.

41 Example of doing analysis Occupation : Expansion of cool coconut oil refinery product Community situation Strength Weakness 1. Natural resources - Koh Kood area grows 1. Natural resources – There is no raw many coconut trees and have beautiful scenery. material for production. Many tourists come to visit and this has been 2. Weather condition - The weather may the best opportunity for doing cool coconut oil cause some problems during monsoon season refinery product. since the ferries to carry the tourists may not be 2. Weather condition – The weather is much operated. appropriate to traveling and there are many 3. Geographical aspect – Tambon Koh Kood tourists, both Thais and foreigners come to is 80 Kilometers far away from the see shore visit. This has supported particular occupation. and may cause some problems in transporting 3. Geographical aspect – Tambol Koh Kood and selling the products is an island with nice scenery and beautiful 4. Arts, culture, custom and people lifestyle - nature that causes many tourists to come to There is no weakness information. visit. This has supported particular occupation. 5. Human resource – There is no weakness 4. Arts, culture, custom and people lifestyle information. – Coconut oil is a product that may be used for producing other products. 5. Human resource – Coconut oil product can be done by family members and can employ other work force within the community.

42 Situation outside community Opportunity Treat 1. Natural resources - Koh Kood area grows 1. Natural resources – Raw material for many coconut trees and have beautiful scenery. production may have to order from the outside. Many tourists come to visit and this has been 2. Weather condition – The weather may the best opportunity for performing occupation. cause some problems during monsoon season 2. Weather condition – There is no since the ferries to carry the tourists may not be opportunity information operated. 3. Geographical aspect – Both Thais and 3. Geographical aspect – Tambon Koh Kood foreigners tourists like to come to visit Koh is 80 Kilometers far away from the see shore Kood because the aspect of this area is very and may cause some problems in transporting appropriate to undertaking the visit, thereby and selling the products supporting the selected occupational 4. Arts, culture, custom and people lifestyle - performance. There is no weakness information. 4. Arts, culture, custom and people lifestyle 5. Human resource – Some other communities – The people may use coconut oil refinery have produced the same product and may product as the main mixture for producing impact Koh Kood in selling the same product. other products for use in daily living. 5. Human resource – There is no data on opportunity. (5) After undertaken the analysis of each particular context issue of community. The analyzer may have to do the summary of his analysis so that he may use this data for identifying the goal and direction of his occupational expansion. The summary of his data analysis should be done as follows:

43 Example of summary of data analysis 1. According to the above information regarding the situation within the community itself, it could be summarized that the product derived from the expansion of community’s coconut oil refinery product had been used as the main mixture in producing other products to be used in daily life. In addition, Koh Kood is a tourist spot with beautiful sceneries and full of coconut tree as well as natural resources, thereby making a lot of tourists both Thais and foreigners to visit. These strength have impacted the community members or family members to develop and expand their occupation and to be able to employ the work force within their own community. However, in terms of the distance of Koh Kood itself, it is 80 kilometers away from the seashore and it is difficult to travel back and forth during monsoon season. The community people may find it hard to send their products for selling outside since the ferries will not be operated and the tourists may not be as crowded as it used to be in other seasons. 2. According to the information outside the community, it should be summarized that the product derived from community’s coconut oil refinery product could be used as the main mixture in producing other products for daily life consumption. In addition, Koh Kood is a tourist spot with beautiful sceneries and full of coconut tree as well as natural resources, thereby making a lot of tourists both Thais and foreigners to visit. These strength have impacted the community members or family members to develop and expand their occupation. However, the producer at Koh Kood may need to consider that the mixture or raw materials for production may have to be bought from the outside, after which the products being produced may also need to send out for selling. Due to the distance of 80 kilometers away from the seashore and it is difficult to travel back and forth during monsoon season, the community people may find it hard to send their products for selling outside since the ferries will not be operated. 3. The overview of the analysis may be summarized as follows: 1. It is quite appropriate and possible for Koh Kood community to expand their product since the coconut oil refinery product can be used as the main mixture for producing other products for daily life use.

44 2. The community can develop its own stable occupational expansion and may do in terms of family business administration being able to employ work force with community to support appropriate amount of production needed in each period. (6) In order to reach the target goal of performing stable occupation effectively after analyzing the direction of occupational expansion, the entrepreneurs should clearly organize developmental plan for their community business to enable them to manage their occupation properly and to reach their target goals effectively and systematically. Activity 4 Let the learner analyze their selected occupational expansion by using SWOT analysis through consideration of their community according to the context of community location such as its natural resources, weather condition, geographical aspect, arts, culture, custom lifestyle and human resource. Selected occupation ................................................. Community situation Strength Weakness 1. Natural resources 1. Natural resources 2. Weather condition 2. Weather condition 3. Geographical aspect 3. Geographical aspect 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 5. Human resource 5. Human resource Situation outside community Opportunity Treat 1. Natural resources 1. Natural resources 2. Weather condition 2. Weather condition 3. Geographical aspect 3. Geographical aspect

45 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 4. Arts, culture, custom and lifestyle 5. Human resource 5. Human resource 4. Learning document #8 – His Majesty the King’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy It is believed that Thai people have potential to develop themselves and their thinking capabilities as well as ability in doing things forcefully in order to solve the poverty problem and to build up stability of their family’s economy. They are as well taught to think and to do things reasonably and live with reasonable lives through sufficiency economy. They learn how to find ways to do immunization for their occupational performances through self-reliance as well as having good moral and value that contribute to having happy family in a pleasurable society. In learning how to develop their abilities in thinking and performing things based on sufficiency economy philosophy, they may have to concentrate or rely on 5 significant components as follow: 1. Developing skill on thinking reasonably. 2. Developing skills on finding adequate way in making decision for themselves and their community. 3. Developing skill on identifying proper way to immunize themselves on things they are going to do. 4. Developing skill on locating knowledge so as to summarize the information on what they are going to perform. 5. Developing desirable attitude on thinking and doing things well in order to build their moral and values. In applying sufficiency economy concept , it is simply to undertake the said 5 significant factors to integrate all concerned issues which are to be done by analyzing their related interaction so as to get useful information for deciding developmental plans at all levels. In doing the follow-up and evaluation of the success regarding the application of sufficiency economy philosophy, the learners should particularly evaluate themselves since the success of each learner is not the same, and this is regarded as self-evaluation to enable the learner to know where he is and where he should stop rather than to decide how to compete others.

46 Meanings and valuable aspects of 5 components of sufficiency economy 1. Reasonable thinking - means to conceive the causes and the effects of what we are going to do and aim to happen. For example: Cause 1 Cause 2 Effect of thinking Cause 3 Example Its taste is Thai favor Dried banana A research identified that Is popular for dried banana is high nutrient eating Cheap and easy to find 2. Adequacy – means to do things adequately for ourselves and not causing any trouble or unhappy. This is individual awareness. Example 1 – Mrs Loy decides to grow a particular kind of banana called Mali Ong banana on the area of 3 rai in order to make dried banana. The data identifies that she practices her adequacy as follows: 1. Using her own workforce without hiring any worker to help growing. 2. Having knowledge that banana tree takes 12 months to yield its product. Therefore if she grows bananas 100 square Wah (square two-meters) monthly, then when it comes to 12 months she will be able to grow banana trees in the whole area of 3 rai, and can produce an adequate amount of bananas. Mrs. Loy will get appropriate and adequate amount of dried banana for selling on her own. Example 2 – Mr. Khem, a handicapped guy who cannot walk but sit on the wheelchair decides to grow the asparagus on the area of 200 Square Wah (half a rai). Her data concerning her adequacy is as follows: 1. She wants to earn only 300 baht for taking care of herself and her mother 2. She owns 2 rai of land located within the asparagus area and there is a distribution company coming into her community to buy her asparagus product everyday. 3. If she begins her career with 200 square wah for her production, it will be adequate in terms of her physical ability aspect. 4. The area of 200 square wha can be able to produce 8-10 kilograms of the asparagus.

47 5. The price of asparagus is 40 baht per kilogram, therefore she will certainly earn 300-400 baht per day. 6. This job and activity is seen as the most appropriated to her ability as a handicapped who can gradually move. 3. Immunization – means to identify proper ways to protect damage or failure pertaining job performance. For example; fund saving as the cash flows for expanding business, making recognition among customers or improving the quality of products to satisfy the customers, giving love and honesty to the worker counterparts, etc. 4. Perception or wisdom – means to find the approachable way or reasons about what to do and how to manage based on actual situation. Therefore, acquiring knowledge and understanding should be done clearly in order to integrate them into actual experiences for successful operation. 5. Moral – means thinking and intention that concern occupational performances in which it should be valuable practices in terms of moral, rule, regulation and not create trouble to society. Summary The philosophy on sufficiency economy is concerned particularly sensibility, commitment, awareness and understanding on what is going to do for earning a living sufficiently in actual society and community, and be prepared for entering into the world of economical competition. The philosophy on sufficiency economy does not reject capitalism but accept the power of intellectual on self-development as well as social and community developments. Activity 5 Let learners analyze their own occupations or undertake the interview of local wisdom in their community whether the sufficiency economy has been considered as the guide for earning a the living. The learners are suggested to do the analysis in terms of 5 components as stated from the beginning.

48 Learning document #9 – Analyzing verification of preparedness system in creating occupation Concept idea Compositions of Composition of sufficiency economy occupational performance Appropriate Fact findings interaction and summary of 1. Reasons 1. Capital preparedness 2. Adequacy 2. Production 3. Immunization 3. Customers 4. Perception/wisdom 4. Development 5. Moral through self- reliance Analysis of two- way interaction Chart showing framework of analyzing preparedness system of occupational performance According to the above chart it can be seen that analyzing of preparedness system of occupational performance may involve 2 steps of missions: 1. Undertaking the analysis of sufficiency economy component and occupational performance component by using the above-mentioned chart on two-way interactions between two components. 2. Examining the two components’ interaction already analyzed and check with the actual situation in order to see if there are anything un-prepared, then summarize by identifying things to be prepared for the readiness of occupation expansion. Analysis of interactions between components Through this analysis, the following example is to recommend the learners to do the analysis of interactions by putting the components of sufficiency economy in the vertical column of the above two-way interaction analysis chart, and put the components of occupational performance in the horizontal column and then identify conceptual thinking about what should be proper interactions between the two.

49 Example : Analysis of interrelation for identifying the concept idea of appropriate interaction. Components of occupation 1. Capital 2. Production 3. Customers 4. Self-reliance Sufficiency economy A A1 A2 A3 A4 Rationality Where to take How is the Who Skill / ability quality Sale to whom Gain continuously B B1 B2 B3 B4 Adequacy How much How to do How to expand What ability is needed for more development C C1 C2 C3 C4 Immunization - Saving funds Customers’ Acceptance of Loyalty of workers recognition good product D D1 D2 D3 D4 Conception / wisdom - Business plan Production Consumption - Production - Investment plan process - Marketing - Goods distribution E E1 E2 E3 E4 Moral Financial Quality standard Safe product Environment discipline conservation According to the two-way interrelation chart, we may see the concept idea of 20 items of interaction that the learners may have to find the answers in every item (A1 to E4) in which these answers should be the real situations and they have to be differentiated into two different items, the item regarded to be prepared or readiness situation and the item regarded to be not prepared. This information will help the learners to check or to find whether they are ready for expanding their occupation, after which they will do the summary as follows: