SachMoi.net-10-van-cau-hoi-vi-sao

["Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1 heo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin cho nhau bi\u1ebft. Theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u00ec kho t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 heo c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 400 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1 heo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 heo n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 heo v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 heo l\u00e0m xi\u1ebfc... T\u1ea1i sao chim bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bay trong kh\u00f4ng trung. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 chim \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u00e2n chim ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, x\u01b0\u01a1ng chim l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea9u chim c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o khoang ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o cho chim gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nhanh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xy cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u1edf l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c chim t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1eafp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea9u c\u00e1nh chim, \u1edf chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng bay cho chim. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu: Ph\u1ea9n sau c\u00e1nh chim t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i: Chim s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3m l\u1ea1i. Khi m\u1ed9t con chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u bay qua bay ngang qua m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd xo\u00e8 l\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i ra \u0111\u1ec3 bay ngo\u1eb1n ngh\u00e8o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng c\u00e2y th\u01b0a, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd g\u1eadp nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i l\u1ea1i. L\u00f4ng chim v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng chim: N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng chim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng trung t\u00e2m v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00f3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n. Tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh chim l\u00e0 l\u00f4ng chim v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 r\u1eddi m\u00f3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00f4ng b\u00f9 x\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e9t cho chim. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim bay xa nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t con chim r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 n\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng","x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a chim c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i chim l\u1eb7n ch\u00e2n vi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim l\u1eb7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng con kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng? H\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con di c\u01b0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0: chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng, chim s\u1ebb. l\u1ea1i \u0111i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: m\u00e1u l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng. Lo\u00e0i m\u00e1u l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng. Theo nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng cao, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang y\u1ebfu d\u1ea9n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do v\u1eady ch\u00fang tr\u1ed1n \u0111i ng\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i g\u1ea5u th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 l\u1ecbm m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Su\u1ed1t trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thiu thiu ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f4i tay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft c\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb con. C\u1ea3 con mac-mot c\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, v\u1eabn th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eady c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i con s\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c ng\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i s\u00f3c b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con s\u00f3c t\u00fai m\u00e1 ng\u1ee7 trong b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hai th\u00e1ng h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng qua nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fa qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea9n l\u1ec5. Lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n bao l\u00e2u? Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho ch\u00fang. V\u1eady ch\u00fang s\u1ebd nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u?","Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i r\u1ec7p gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3. Lo\u00e0i r\u1ec7p gi\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1edbi n\u1eeda n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng r\u1ec7p (khi s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec r\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh) khi c\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u1edf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i. H\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng r\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi ba n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea9n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 \u201cg\u1ea9y \u0111i\u201d r\u1ea5t nhanh; tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n cho n\u00f3 \u0103n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u00f3 tham lam nu\u1ed1t v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ngay. Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 b\u00e9o l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 th\u00e8m \u0103n, n\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t con h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ecf chai l\u1edbn. C\u00e1i v\u1ecf chai b\u1ecb nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng n\u1eb1m ngang chia d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea9n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t: \u1edf c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 \u201cb\u00f4ng hoa\u201d bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng r\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1ed3m m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 \u1edf b\u00ean h\u00f4ng con h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau chung quanh c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e1c x\u00fac tu. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 con h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai m\u1ed3m, hai d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y. Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00e0m \u0103n n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i b\u00e9t. Ch\u00fang h\u00fat m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i to ph\u00ecnh ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0 k\u1ec3. Con b\u00e9t ch\u00f3 sau khi h\u00fat m\u00e1u no n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i t\u1edbi hai tr\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea9n. C\u00f2n con b\u00e9t b\u00f2 trong ba tu\u1ea9n, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n l\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 sau khi \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c con b\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e2u: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em c\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u00f2i mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111i; tri\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00fat m\u00e1u. Nh\u01b0ng con b\u00e9t b\u00f2 sau khi qua ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, hai n\u0103m, ba n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n ch\u1edd th\u00eam bao gi\u1edd ch\u00fang m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft. V\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng sang n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. V\u1eady l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fa b\u00e9t nh\u1ecf ph\u00e1 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Lo\u00e0i Kh\u1ee7ng long c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng con Kh\u1ee7ng long s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y t\u1edbi hai tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.","Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ee7ng long s\u1ed1ng. Tuy v\u1eady nh\u1eefng con th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n to l\u1edbn kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n qua h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt R\u1ed3ng sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea9n tho\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa? C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo gh\u00ea gh\u1edbm, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ee7ng long kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam Maroc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Paul Sereno thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m khi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u00f9ng b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd l\u00e0 152,4 cm, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 101,6 cm v\u1ec1 con Carcharo dontosaurus saharicus, lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 r\u0103ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Sahara. Con n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9u to b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c to h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea9u con Tyranosaurus g\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 con kh\u1ee7ng long ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. (Kh\u1ee7ng long Carcharo dontosaurus saharicus n\u1eb7ng ch\u1eebng 8 t\u1ea5n, d\u00e0i 13,71 m). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 Montfellier \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 300 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Lerida c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n k\u1ec1 li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 19 t\u1ed5 tr\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 2,5 m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 70 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Trong m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 20 cm. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f4i n\u1eefa, theo d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea9n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau tan. V\u00ec sao m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu l\u1ea1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2u c\u00e1? \u1ede c\u00e1c thu\u1ef7 v\u1ef1c g\u1ea9n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 16 - 25 \u0111\u1ed9 C","V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf g\u1ea9n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m d\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau khi tr\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee5c, c\u00e1 b\u01a1n, c\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t, c\u00e1 h\u00e0m t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea1nh. Sau khi bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm quay v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea1n. Khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1 l\u1ea9n h\u1ed3i \u0111i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u01a1n. V\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00fd do v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 t\u1eeb m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu hay b\u01a1i g\u1ea9n b\u1edd, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u0111ang \u0111i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n n\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e2u th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00ean \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u. C\u00f2n v\u00e0o l\u00fac tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e2u g\u1ea9n b\u1edd, v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng quay v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ebb. Cho n\u00ean khi \u0111i c\u00e2u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea1i sao hoa Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t s\u1eafc giai nh\u00e2n? Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng 1 2 n\u0103m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh t\u01a1 nh\u1ecf, th\u00e2n cao 30 - 90 cm. L\u00e1 h\u1ed7 sinh, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u1edf hoa, hoa bao h\u00ecnh v\u00e1t tr\u00f2n, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf ng\u1ecdn c\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u01b0a n\u1edf, n\u1ee5 hoa g\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y g\u1ea9y y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1n cong, \u0111\u1ebfn khi hoa n\u1edf, th\u00e2n hoa v\u00fat \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y hai nh\u00e1nh l\u00e1 d\u00e0i m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1nh hoa Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1nh, hai l\u1edbn hai nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt, c\u00e1nh hoa m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 sa, d\u1ea1ng n\u1eeda trong su\u1ed1t, m\u1ea9u s\u1eafc di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7: h\u1ed3ng, t\u00edm \u0111\u1ecf, t\u00edm s\u1eabm, tr\u1eafng... ch\u00f3p c\u00e0nh hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh \u00e1nh b\u1ea1c. Tr\u1eeb c\u00e1nh hoa \u0111\u01a1n ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng hoa c\u00e1nh ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 pha tr\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u1ecf vi\u1ec1n tr\u1eafng, hoa tr\u1eafng vi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecf. Th\u00e2n hoa r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu, b\u00f4ng hoa l\u1ea1i h\u01a1i to. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u \u0111\u01b0a nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh b\u01b0\u1edbm ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn. M\u1ed7i c\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hoa v\u00e0 hoa ch\u1ec9 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u00f3 hai ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0nh cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hoa. N\u1ee5 hoa Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea9u tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea9u tr\u1ea9m t\u01b0. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 hoa n\u1edf th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 ti\u00ean n\u1eef gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea9n v\u1eady. Hoa Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n mang c\u00e1c t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n Hoa, L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ea3o, Ti\u00ean N\u1eef Hoa... Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ngu C\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t s\u1eafc giai nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 v\u1edbi M\u1eabu \u0110\u01a1n qu\u1ed1c s\u1eafc thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i hoa Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, l\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd Anh T\u00fac, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1eadp t\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hoa Anh T\u00fac. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ea5t s\u1eefa\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a hoa Ngu M\u1ef9 Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a hoa Anh T\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n","c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, l\u1ea5y hoa tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c pha tr\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb ho, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb t\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i sao hoa Tulip c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng? Hoa Tulip c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, hoa n\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh kim ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u00e9n, b\u00f4ng to v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, hoa b\u1ecdc s\u00e1u c\u00e1nh, chia l\u00e0m ra hai h\u00e0ng trong ngo\u00e0i; hoa c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e0o ng\u1ea1t, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hoa gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hoa sen, l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng hoa M\u1eabu \u0111\u01a1n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoa ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i hoa n\u00e0o so b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hoa Tulip. Hoa Tulipl\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0 Lan. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Hungari v\u00e0 Iran. Th\u1eadt ra qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a hoa Tulipl\u00e0 \u1edf cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hoa U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt lo\u00e0i hoa U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng hoang d\u00e3. H\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o t\u1ea1i Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hoa U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7, b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y mang v\u1ec1 Virana v\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh Virana m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u01b0\u1eddn H\u00e0 Lan l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y mang v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 Lan. Hoa U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7, tao nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i. Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 say m\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, hoa U\u1ea5t Kim H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0 Lan v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Tulip. Hoa Tuliptr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i hoa c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Amutstan, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi hoa \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1 ba c\u00e2y hoa Tulipb\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb9p! Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0 Lam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u hoa Tulipl\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng 125 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i sao Tr\u1ea7m H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y danh gi\u00e1? Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ki\u1ec1u m\u1ed9c xanh quanh n\u0103m d\u00f2ng Thu\u1ef5 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e0 nam h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u201cK\u1ef3 nam h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, l\u00e1 da thu\u1ed9c, d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh kim t\u1ebd ra, nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng, hoa m\u1ea9u tr\u1eafng, hoa x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh d\u00f9. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Th\u00e1i Lan, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v.v... v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ru\u1ed9t g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng y d\u00f9ng d\u1ea9u r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u c\u1ecd \u0111en ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0nh sau khi gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c, t\u00ednh \u1ea5m, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111au, ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ecb hen xuy\u1ec5n, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, \u0111ay d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v.v... v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c.","X\u01b0a Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1edd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft. Sau th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Nguy\u00ean, \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Qu\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Qu\u1ea3n, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tr\u1ea9m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y tr\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u01b0a \u0111i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9n r\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u00e0i n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u khai th\u00e1c tr\u1ea9m. Khi \u0111\u1ee5c tr\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee5c g\u1ed7 d\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh hoa v\u0103n nh\u01b0 r\u0103ng ng\u1ef1a, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o k\u1ef3 thu \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee5c tr\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n, c\u00e2y c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0, h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n khi \u0111\u1ee5c. Qu\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i qua c\u1ea3ng C\u1eedu Long (H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng) n\u00ean c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3ng. Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. T\u00ean Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm ngay, khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u00e0y. S\u00e1p g\u1ed7 th\u01a1m c\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh cao, m\u1ea9u \u0111en, th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t, cho v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u1eeda n\u1ed5i n\u1eeda ch\u00ecm th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u1ea9m H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201c\u01afng m\u1ecdc\u201d do hoa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng chim \u01b0ng. T\u1ea1i sao khi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 thu v\u1ec1 th\u00ec l\u00e1 c\u00e2y xanh l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng? X\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00f9a thu kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng: s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00f9a thu, k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t A-x\u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, l\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y mang di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c t\u1ed1, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1m, pr\u00f4tit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 cho c\u00e0nh, cho r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t vong. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 c\u0169ng d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n suy y\u1ebfu, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u01b0a, gi\u00f3, ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00eca. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft: m\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00e1 m\u00f9a thu c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1ea1t, l\u00fac \u0111\u1eadm, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 g\u1eb7p n\u0103m h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1eafm, l\u00e1 s\u1ebd r\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e2y, t\u00edch tr\u1eef ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y, r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd \u201cth\u00ed t\u1ed1t gi\u1eef xe\u201d c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 xanh l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf sau khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh d\u1ea9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc Kinh (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y thu t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n ng\u1eafm l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00fai non tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1.","L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y? T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5, \u1edf trong b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 sinh trong c\u00e2y th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecd m\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n hoa v\u0103n c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay t\u1ea9ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 sinh m\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea9ng m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00f9a v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4, \u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi, t\u1eeb m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch nghi cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng mau ch\u00f3ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t, r\u1ed7ng x\u1ed1p v\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng, s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u00edt, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf thu\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e1ch d\u00e0y, t\u01a1 s\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u00edt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 m\u00f9a thu ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 mu\u1ed9n. Ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n x\u1ed1p m\u1ec1m, m\u00e0u h\u01a1i nh\u1ea1t, ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 m\u00f9a thu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n. G\u1ed7 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 thu, \u00f4m nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi\u201d v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u1ed7. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f2ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ngay tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea9ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi do m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ea3n sinh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f3 n\u01a1i do \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. T\u1ea9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u0111i, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra m\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 cam qu\u00fdt, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra ba v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3. V\u1eady th\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 t\u00ednh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 ra tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111i c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 g\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3i \u201cC\u00e2y to r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u\u201d? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u00e2u th\u00ec l\u00e1 m\u1edbi d\u00e0y, l\u00e1 d\u00e0y th\u00ec hoa m\u1edbi n\u1edf r\u1ed9. R\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt Ki\u1ec1u m\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eafm s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1 2 m; c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng Anh s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i hoang d\u00e3, khi th\u00e2n cao t\u1edbi 20 cmth\u00ec r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafm s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 1 m \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 Linh l\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c th\u00ec s\u00e2u nh\u1eefng 12 m. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 Pa-\u00e1cba \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi chu xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea9ng s\u00e2u nh\u1eefng 30 m. R\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1eafm r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa. R\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch bao ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y M\u1ea1ch \u0111en s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Xib\u00eari c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng 14.000 r\u1ec5 nh\u1ecf, chi\u1ebfm 225 m2 \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c r\u1ec5 nh\u1ecf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng 15 t\u1ef7 r\u1ec5 tu, t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ec5 tu v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn 400 m2.","H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 l\u1ea9n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch che ph\u1ee7. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ec5 to, r\u1ec5 con, r\u1ec5 tu \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u b\u00e0n tay nh\u1ecf, n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef cho th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng c\u00e2y, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y. R\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecba, r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ef7. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ef7 ph\u1ea9n v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u1ec5 tu (mao). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u1eafm s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e2y. R\u1ec5 tu r\u1ea5t b\u00e9, d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 7 8 mm, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ednh tr\u00ean 1 mm2 r\u1ec5, \u0111\u1eadu H\u00e0 Lan c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 220 r\u1ec5 tu. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u1ec5 tu n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u201cm\u00e1y b\u01a1m\u201d nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e2y, c\u00e0nh, l\u00e1, cho hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng? Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, t\u1ea9ng ozon b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a axit, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea9u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea9u m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m v\u1ee9t lung tung c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed; ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea9n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00fd di chuy\u1ec3n; c\u1ea9n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t phun nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t phun di\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1ea5t phun kh\u1eed m\u00f9i, phun s\u01a1n, phun keo. b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t cacbuahydro flo clo; tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed9p c\u01a1m, t\u00fai nilon, b\u1ec9m d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n, d\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c s\u1ee9, h\u1ed9p gi\u1ea5y t\u00fai v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn mua nh\u1eefng trang ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 c\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00fd b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd b\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e1, chim c\u00f3 \u00edch, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ebfch v\u00ec m\u1ed9t con \u1ebfch trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n 15.000 con c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i; y\u00eau c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, th\u00f4ng qua 2 b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng","v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o, c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft tay t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec sao trong sa m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1? Trong sa m\u1ea1c, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p t\u1eebng h\u00f2n nham th\u1ea1ch c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u00f4 l\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1, c\u00f3 h\u00f2n cao \u0111\u1ebfn 10 m\u00e9t. Ng\u1eafm c\u00e1i \u201cb\u1ee5ng\u201d thon v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u1ea9u\u201d n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc n\u00e0o v\u1eady? C\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00f4 danh - gi\u00f3 trong sa m\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i nham th\u1ea1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 c\u00e1t c\u1ecd s\u00e1t, m\u00e0i m\u00f2n ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao, trong khi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f4 n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bay l\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung \u1edf t\u1ea9m cao ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 2 m\u00e9t. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u1ea9n nam \u0110\u1ea1i sa m\u1ea1c Takla Makan, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 5,7 m\/gi\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 39% s\u1ecfi ch\u1ec9 bay t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 centm\u00e9t, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea9n c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 bay s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u1ecfi c\u00e1t bay qua, ph\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3ng nham th\u1ea1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t s\u1ecfi c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea9n tr\u00ean, v\u00ec gi\u00f3 mang theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt s\u1ecfi c\u00e1t n\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y qua th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u201cn\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1\u201d c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9n tr\u00ean th\u00f4 l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea9n tr\u00ean c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc th\u00ec th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 c\u00e1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea3ng nham th\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1. Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t t\u1eeb sa m\u1ea1c do \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 1.200 n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh qu\u00e1i l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb sa m\u1ea1c Gobihoang v\u1eafng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Sa m\u1ea1c \u0110\u01a1n Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, khi th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30 sa m\u1ea1c bi\u1ebft \u201ch\u00e1t\u201d \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t, khi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2mvang, ti\u1ebfng r\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u201ch\u00e1t\u201d th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u201ch\u00e1t\u201d n\u00e0y? T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201csa m\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m\u201d n\u00e0y. Qua nhi\u1ec1u so s\u00e1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t t\u1ea1i","sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t t\u1ea1i sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e2m thanh. Ngay khi d\u1eabm ch\u00e2n \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh nho nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m: -K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u nhau, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t c\u00f3 0,3 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh - B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba, tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng. -\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u201ch\u00e1t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. - Cung b\u1eadc \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 t\u1ea9n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 Hz. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t, ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m r\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng nh\u1eefng binh kh\u00ed va ch\u1ea1m. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t bi\u1ebft h\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 silic l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 95%. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t \u201cc\u00e2m\u201d c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 50% silic l\u1eabn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m: Ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00e1t gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Gi\u00f3 n\u00f3ng th\u1ed5i xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00e1t ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 ch\u00fang \u0111i v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Tu\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1t, tu\u1ef3 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ee9c gi\u00f3: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea9n quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c gi\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 22 km\/ gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u1ede v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t trong \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u b\u1ecb rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y l\u00ean h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ebfn khi gi\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nhau m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t. Khi \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c 25 \u0111\u1ed9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i, m\u1ed7i khi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1t l\u1edf, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh vang d\u1ed9i. Trong khi c\u00e1t l\u1edf, tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t, kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xen k\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh cao th\u1ea5p tr\u1ea9m b\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng: N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1t s\u1ea1t l\u1edf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb sa m\u1ea1c th\u00eam vang \u0111\u1ed9ng, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t xa v\u00e0 l\u00e2u. C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e2m thanh vang trong b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 10 kmv\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ph\u00fat.","V\u00ec sao trong sam\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o? Gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea1i sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u01b0a? \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00fai cao, h\u01b0\u1edbng ra sa m\u1ea1c. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng, b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. \u0110\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u00e8, b\u0103ng tan ra th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf d\u1ed1c n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft, mang theo b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00fai. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i hai b\u00ean b\u1edd, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea9m. \u1ede hai v\u00f9ng b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, g\u1ea9n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea9m, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o. S\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t, b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u0103ng sao, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u00e1. S\u00e1ng d\u1eady ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t vi\u00ean ng\u00f3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea9y s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng mu\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i r\u01a1i\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, ch\u01b0a ai th\u1ea5y s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i \u201cr\u01a1i\u201d bao gi\u1edd. Gi\u1edf quy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch ra xem th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, v\u00e0o t\u1ea9m h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea9n th\u00e1ng 10 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng\u201d. Ban ng\u00e0y, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, khi\u1ebfn l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sang cu\u1ed1i thu, trong m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2y, gi\u00f3. Kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi 0 \u0111\u1ed9 C th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i. V\u00ec s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng nh\u1ecf n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u1ea5y b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdng \u1edf c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi vi\u00ean ng\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c h\u00f2n g\u1ea1ch. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1i t\u1eeb \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng\u201d c\u0169ng c\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng quen, truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi nay, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ea1o ra","n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ban \u0111\u00eam gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t, m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, do ti nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, sau khi khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i. G\u1ea1ch ng\u00f3i do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p nh\u1ecf, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi. Trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdng s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i. L\u00e1 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y v\u00ec m\u1ecfng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0y t\u01a1i so v\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y. V\u00ec sao b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c? Nam c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hai m\u1ecfm t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp \u00e1o b\u0103ng Nam c\u1ef1c d\u1ea9y trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 1.700 m\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u1edf c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 m\u00e9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Nam c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 14 tri\u1ec7u km2. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf , nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhanh khi\u1ebfn b\u0103ng t\u00edch l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u. S\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao di \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng bao quanh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00fai b\u0103ng cao l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, B\u1eafc b\u0103ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kho\u1ea3ng 13,1 tri\u1ec7u km2, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7t dung c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb to\u1ea3 ra, n\u00ean b\u0103ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt h\u01a1n \u1edf Nam c\u1ef1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u0103ng l\u1ea1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Greenland. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u0103ng che ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea9n 16 tri\u1ec7u km2, m\u00e0 Nam c\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 4\/5. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam c\u1ef1c \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 26 tri\u1ec7u km3, c\u00f2n \u1edf B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea9n 1\/10 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam c\u1ef1c tan h\u1ebft th\u00ec m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng cao kho\u1ea3ng 70 m\u00e9t. B\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 hay khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa? \u1ede v\u00f9ng c\u1eadn Kaspir c\u1ee7a Kazakhstan, tr\u00ean hoang m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c heo h\u00fat c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Turysh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n bi","kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 8 -9 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft v\u00ec sao ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. S\u00e2n ch\u01a1i c\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3? B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai l\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n bi, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh h\u01a1n 2 m, nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee1 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n s\u00fang th\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n tay kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i km2. B\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi nay, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eb7t s\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ai d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn canh t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c sinh s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eddi X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft Kazakhstanl\u00e0 v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ho\u00e1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1t c\u00f3 b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 do n\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch quy ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1edf t\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ee3i chuy\u1ec7n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cm\u1eb7t s\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn trong b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb1n ch\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u01b0a m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0a lu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc -Nam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u0169ng c\u1ea9n n\u00f3i th\u00eam, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u00ean \u201cbi\u201d \u1edf b\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y, v\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ch\u00f2m bi nh\u00f4 l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng cao l\u1eafm, v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111ang v\u00f9i m\u00ecnh trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu \u1edf Kazakhstanc\u00e1c vi\u00ean bi \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, th\u00ec \u1edf Costa Rica, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2n, vu\u00f4ng, ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, tam gi\u00e1c, l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u, h\u00ecnh thang c\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c xa nhau. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, th\u00ec mai \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea9n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u1edf Costa Rica, \u1edf Mexico, \u1edf Brazilv\u00e0 \u1edf Rumani. Ai r\u1ea3i ch\u00fang xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Th\u1eddi X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u201c tr\u1ed9\u201d d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1edf t\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng xung quanh c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00f2n n\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u201c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00e0ng \u00edt d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea9n khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3u l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eadt g\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1i","lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00f2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con m\u1eaft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, thu ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng, g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed9i cao t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. D\u00f9 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng : nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean bi kh\u1ed3ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ( hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n) tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u1ecfi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 th\u00f4 s\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. 10 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 1. Greenland, B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0110an M\u1ea1ch) 2.175.600 km2 2. NewGuinea, T\u00e2y Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) 808.510 km2 3. Borneo, T\u00e2y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Indonesia, Brunei v\u00e0 Malaysia) 751.100 km2 4.N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Madagascar, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng 587.041 km2 5. Baffin, B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, (Canada) 507.451 km2 6. Sumatra, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, (Indonesia) 473.605 km2 7. Honshu, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) 230.455 km2 8.Anh qu\u1ed1c 229.870 km2 9. Ellesmere, B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, (Canada) 212.688 km2 10. Victoria, B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, (Canada) 212.199km2. T\u1ea1i sao Greenland l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3?","X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t Australia, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 7,6 tri\u1ec7u km2, v\u1eabn r\u1ed9ng h\u01b0n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 40 l\u1ea9n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o g\u00ec v\u1eady? K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3o Greenland, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch - 2.175.600 km2. Ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, Greenlandgi\u00e1p v\u1edbi B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng; ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n Greenland; ph\u00eda Nam, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi eo bi\u1ec3n Davis v\u00e0 v\u1ecbnh Baffin. Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Nuuk. G\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 n\u1eb1m tr\u1ecdn trong B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Greenlandc\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 410.450 km2, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u0103ng, kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i l\u00e0 b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, l\u1edbp b\u0103ng n\u00e0y d\u00e0y t\u1edbi 4.300 m\u00e9t. Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u1ec1u s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9. D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam cu\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng l\u1eebng l\u1eefng tr\u00f4i, khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n quanh \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. Greenlandkh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u201cl\u00f9n t\u1ecbt\u201d nh\u01b0 r\u00eau, \u0111\u1ecba y, c\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u1ea5u tr\u1eafng, b\u00f2 x\u1ea1, s\u00f3i B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c, th\u1ecf r\u1eebng, tu\u1ea9n l\u1ed9c. X\u1ea5p x\u00ed 85% s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inuit, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Kavbaz (Capbase). Ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1. Trong v\u00f2ng 24 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1953, Greenlandl\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979. \u0110\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1eb1m xa l\u1eafc ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i xanh r\u1eddn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n b\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n san h\u00f4 tr\u1eafng mu\u1ed1t l\u1eb1n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng xanh ng\u1eaft c\u0169ng \u0111ang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec sao ch\u00fang l\u1ebb loi v\u1eady nh\u1ec9? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Do v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u1ea3i Nam \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi do s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tan, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9n l\u00f5m \u1edf b\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3o. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00e0n ra theo v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Greenland\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.","T\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda Trong bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c dung nham v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ee5n kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Qu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii\u1edf gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u00f4 l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 dung nham v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00fai l\u1eeda ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n va \u0111\u1eadp m\u00e0 s\u1ee5t l\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng phun ra v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ebfn san h\u00f4 San h\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u1ee3 x\u00e2y\u201d \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, ti\u1ebft ra ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00e2y\u201d san h\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf. S\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea9y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong \u201cr\u1eebng san h\u00f4\u201d l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng th\u00eam ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng trong bi\u1ec3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u00f4 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. San h\u00f4 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, trong v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea9n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 \u1edf b\u00ean b\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Australia k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2.000 km. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u, san h\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, xoay quanh n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 san h\u00f4 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sinh s\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o san h\u00f4 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n m\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p g\u00ec? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u201cth\u00edch \u1ee9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\u201d. Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng thi\u00ean tai do m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u201cH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3i cacbonic, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 than v\u00e0 d\u1ea9u, ra","s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3,. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng, t\u0103ng th\u00eam th\u1ea3m c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat kh\u00ed cacbon \u0111ioxit, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111ioxit trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea9u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea9u t\u0103ng cao 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,6 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1989 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea9u t\u0103ng l\u00ean\u201d li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0y \u201cM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3\u201d. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng l\u00ean? Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m: v\u1ebft \u0111en M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tia l\u1eeda M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng. C\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh, lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m, n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Theo \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0: than, d\u1ea9u, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbonic trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0103ng nhanh. S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed cacbonic t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy m\u00e0 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra \u00edt \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00ed cacbonic c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.","H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbonic trong t\u1ea9ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e1nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed cacbonic tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 0,7 ppm. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,5 \u0111\u1ed9 C so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 0,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,4 m\u00e9t c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng h\u00e0 tan ra, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ee5t, l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 b\u00e3o, m\u01b0a r\u00e0o, s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n, s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng,... s\u1ebd li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean tai c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc tr\u1eddi bu\u1ed1t gi\u00e1, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1ea1i \u1ea5m \u00e1p nh\u01b0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u00e2y c\u1ecf xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec v\u1eady? Th\u00ec ra k\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00ednh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00f3ng trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1ecdt ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1edbn\u201d. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bao quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i kh\u00ed Nit\u01a1, Oxi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Cacbonic, M\u00eatan, Clorua, Florua, hy\u0111rocacbon, v.v... Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu qua. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00e1nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng cao. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00f3ng to\u1ea3 ra t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o th\u00ec d\u1ec5 m\u00e0 to\u1ea3 ra th\u00ec kh\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 1\/8. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng cao. Tring th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1850 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1988, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cacbonic trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 25%. Th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n 0,6 \u0111\u1ed9 C so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra thi\u00ean tai.","V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng: C\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u00e2y xo\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt v\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2i h\u00fat ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9 toang chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ea3i 10 t\u1ea5n, b\u00ea m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 5 t\u1ea9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m v\u0103ng m\u1ed9t toa t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 \u0111i xa kho\u1ea3ng 2 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. \u201cHung th\u1ea9n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng. V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbn xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn 2 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 50 m\u00e9t. V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u b\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00f3 xo\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, xung quanh m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p. \u1ede b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u nam, gi\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng \u0111i theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 120 - 150 km \/ h. Ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u00e2y d\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e2y d\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 10 - 16 km,chu du h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m v\u00e0 sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201c\u1ed1ng h\u00fat\u201d kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u0111i l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n d\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. C\u01a1n d\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00e3o. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea9ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u0111i l\u00ean xoay tr\u00f2n trong kh\u00f4ng trung. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh di chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n b\u00e3o. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 160 km\/ h. V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. N\u0103m 1971, \u00f4ng Theodore Fujita, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111o t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2n F. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea9n t\u1eeb F0 F5. V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t (F0) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u, trong khi \u1edf c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t (F5) ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i bay nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi m\u00f3ng. M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kho\u1ea3ng 800 c\u01a1n. Australia x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 hai. V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. Tr\u1eadn l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ef9 x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y 18\/03\/1925. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac 7 v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf 3 bang Illinois, Misrousi, Indiana l\u00e0m 740 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1 t\u1ea9ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng","k\u00e9m x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 03\/04\/1974, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 148 v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft 315 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1eafc Alabama \u0111\u1ebfn bang Ochio. Trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0ng h\u1ea9m hay n\u01a1i k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp, ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00e1nh tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i bay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 m\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng hay si\u00eau th\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu \u0111ang \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chui xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i r\u00e3nh hay m\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 che \u0111\u1ea9u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng do \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec sao khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng m\u01b0a l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng? B\u00e3o l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n kh\u00ed l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi xoay tr\u00f2n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u1edf trung t\u00e2m kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p bao quanh. Sau khi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, c\u01a1n b\u00e3o ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ma s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kh\u00ed \u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf tr\u00ean cao, b\u00e3o v\u1eabn th\u1ed5i bao quanh trung t\u00e2m kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00ean cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i n\u00fai cao, s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho b\u00e3o c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft, m\u01b0a l\u1edbn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 l\u00fac sau khi b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u201cm\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, ngay c\u1ea3 trung t\u00e2m kh\u00ed \u00e1p c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm d\u1ea9n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea9n quanh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, m\u01b0a l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 tr\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5y \u0111\u00eam li\u1ec1n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam tr\u1ea9m tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn \u1edf t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi trung t\u00e2m kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p sau khi c\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea9n quanh \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n. V\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o l\u1ea1i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh? Sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea9n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nghe b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m b\u00e3o, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n b\u00e3o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m c\u01a1n b\u00e3o, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh parabol v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, b\u00e3o di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quy lu\u1eadt di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho b\u00e3o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c. N\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c sinh ra trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u00e3o. V\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u00e3o l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 quay quanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t","sinh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec7ch. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u B\u1eafc, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec7ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc th\u1ed5i sang h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang ph\u00eda B\u1eafc; gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam th\u1ed5i sang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u00edt ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang ph\u00eda Nam. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam c\u01a1n b\u00e3o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, b\u00e3o c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n b\u00e3o. Ti\u1ebfp theo, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong khu v\u1ef1c b\u00e3o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bay l\u00ean cao. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean cao d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c Coriorit (t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t), c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng sang h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho b\u00e3o c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc l\u1ec7ch T\u00e2y. Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u01a1n b\u00e3o khi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bao quanh c\u01a1n b\u00e3o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu, tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi), h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 \u1edf b\u1ed1n b\u1ec1 kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o. B\u00e3o sinh ra \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1ed5i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u01a1n b\u00e3o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. N\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n b\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng theo m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 trinh di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cu\u1ea3 \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i Binh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea9u, b\u00e3o \u1edf m\u1eb7t Nam c\u1ee7a cao \u00e1p ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng ven ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c, khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. Do c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tinh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu d\u1ea3i \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi d\u00e0i ra \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o c\u0169ng l\u1ec7ch sang h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng sang ph\u00eda T\u00e2y; n\u1ebfu d\u1ea3i \u00e1p cao ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o lui sang ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00f9ng \u00e1p cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng sang ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Parabol. Trong qu\u00e1 trinh di chuy\u1ec3n, b\u00e3o v\u1eeba xoay chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eeba \u0111i, m\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 m\u00e9t, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi di chuy\u1ec3n","n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn 30 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 B\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea9n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea9u, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o vi th\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea9n, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n. Binh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 \u0111i qua v\u00f9ng s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, H\u1ea3i Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, Tri\u1ebft Giang, Giang T\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i. \u1ede v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Li\u00eau \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e3o r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh phi\u00e1 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 khi v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i cao \u00e1p ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c Giang Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec b\u00e3o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00ec sao sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i c\u00f2n m\u01b0a l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m? Dapan B\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p 12 tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea9u ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng l\u00ean m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, th\u1ed5i bay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfc xe l\u1edbn n \u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n. Sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, b\u00e3o v\u1eabn m\u0103c s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u00e0, th\u1ed5i bay hoa m\u00e0u. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu d\u1ea9n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u00fat m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a l\u1edbn xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00fai l\u1edf, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ea k\u00e8, \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 l\u1ea9n sau khi b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch xa bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 Nam, trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 1000 mm khi\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y huy\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh. M\u1eaft b\u00e3o l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3 B\u00e3o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed quay tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba xoay v\u1eeba di chuy\u1ec3n. T\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, trong khi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf xung quanh xo\u00e1y r\u1ea5t nhanh quanh t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf t\u1ea9ng th\u1ea5p v\u1eeba quay v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m b\u00e3o h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 40 kilom\u00e9t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eaft b\u00e3o. Do c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1eaft b\u00e3o quay tr\u00f2n r\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ly t\u00e2m, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng b\u00ean trong. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1eaft b\u00e3o nom nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c do m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e2y bao b\u1ecdc, b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng quay v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u1edbt.","Tr\u1eddi quang m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1eaft b\u00e3o v\u1eeba quay v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, mang theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o m\u1eaft b\u00e3o, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean xung quanh v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y cao ng\u1ea5t ph\u00ecnh to m\u00e0u x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i m\u1eaft b\u00e3o l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1eddi quang, m\u01b0a t\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m sao l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng. M\u1eaft b\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u00e2y n\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u \u0111en. Sau khi m\u1eaft b\u00e3o di chuy\u1ec3n qua r\u1ed3i, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u01b0a to, gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn. \u1ede trong m\u1eaft b\u00e3o, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n chim r\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n. Nh\u1eefng con chim bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed cu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o b\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00e1nh gi\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u01a1n b\u00e3o di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n chim nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t xa. Nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c Trong m\u1eaft b\u00e3o tuy tr\u1eddi quang gi\u00f3 l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hung d\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00ed \u00e1p t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u00e3o r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi xung quanh n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y, khi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong chi\u1ebfc chu\u00f4ng thu\u1ef7 tinh r\u1ed3i h\u00fat d\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong chu\u00f4ng ra, l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ed1c s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i b\u1ecdt l\u00ean t\u1ef1a ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u1ebfp m\u00e0 \u0111un v\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u00e2m b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 l\u00ean b\u1edd, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn. V\u00ec sao n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129 v\u01b0\u01a1n cao kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng? Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc -ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9 l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y: Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 to v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u00fa S\u0129 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1edbi h\u00fat ch\u00ecm, l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ea3ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ea3ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n Philippine ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e1, t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00fai dung nham nh\u1ecf. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u00ean t\u0129nh (\u00edt khi phun tr\u00e0o) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1edfi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng magma c\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 to ra v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129 l\u1ea1i cao b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 kilom\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i sau 100.000 n\u0103m, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, dung nham c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i h\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng (n\u01a1i hai m\u1ea3ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 magma \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u phun tr\u00e0o l\u00ean).","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft \u201cr\u00e1ch\u201d trong m\u1ea3ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n Philippine \u1edf ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129. T\u1eeb v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn manti \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea9y khoang ch\u1ee9a dung nham c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00fai l\u1eeda cao th\u00eam v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ebft r\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi hai m\u1ea3ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf g\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 va v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u ra \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai b\u1eb1ng? D\u00f9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch hay thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed7i khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u thu\u1ef7 \u0111i qua m\u0169i H\u1ea3o V\u1ecdng \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam ch\u00e2u Phi, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u201ch\u00fat h\u1ed3n\u201d b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1eb3ng l\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00fai c\u1ef1c hi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ede v\u00f9ng T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00fai n\u00e0y. V\u00ec sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ai g\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebdo v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u1ea9ng nham th\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, b\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i. Qua bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m th\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i v\u1ee5n \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t d\u00e0y, ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ea9ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f4 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c t\u1ea9ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. R\u1ed3i tr\u00ean t\u1ea9ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng, con su\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y x\u00f3i m\u00f2n d\u1ea9n theo c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea9ng th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00f2n hai b\u00ean d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, xa tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n vu\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 c\u00e1i l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e1 bazan n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra che ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do nham th\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft tinh t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, sau b\u1ecb x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c phong ho\u00e1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec sao gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn to tr\u1eadn nh\u1ecf? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed B\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i bay t\u1ecfa t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng bay cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i bay t\u1ee9 ph\u00eda, l\u00e1 r\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i g\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng xoay tr\u00f2n theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng theo qui t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng theo qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.","Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. Chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u00eda g\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng kia ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda r\u00eca b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y h\u00ecnh tr\u00f4n \u1ed1c. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, gi\u00f3 khi g\u1eb7p v\u1eadt tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea9ng, n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. V\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, s\u1ea3n sinh ra \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa hai lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. Cho d\u00f9 v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba xo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u v\u1eeba thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, tuy n\u00f3 v\u1eabn v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo tuy\u1ebfn g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac l\u00fac nhanh, l\u00fac ch\u1eadm kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 qua l\u1ea1i n\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y to nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 tr\u1eadn th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh tr\u1eadn th\u00ec nh\u1eb9. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, tr\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, tr\u1eadn t\u00ednh gi\u00f3 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec sao gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i l\u00fac m\u1ea1nh l\u00fac nh\u1eb9? Gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh tr\u1eadn y\u1ebfu, r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi gi\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Trong b\u1ea3n tin kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 to nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p 5 c\u1ea5p 6,gi\u00f3 c\u1ea5p 7 , ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3. C\u1ea5p 5, c\u1ea5p 6 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb 8 -10,7 m \/s ho\u1eb7c 10,8 -13,8 m \/ s, tr\u1eadn gi\u00f3 c\u1ea5p 7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft t\u1eeb 13,9 17,1 m \/ s. Theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 2 ph\u00fat. C\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u0169ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 1 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c 10 ph\u00fat. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ng\u1eafn th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft.","V\u00ec sao gi\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u00ean cao th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea5p? Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1ea9u cao ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean th\u00e1p cao s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao. L\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 10 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 1,1 m \/ s, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 50 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 3,6 m \/ s, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 100 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 4,4 m \/ s, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 150 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 4,9 m \/ s, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00ec gi\u00f3 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec d\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh, l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao v\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao tuy l\u1edbn th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi \u00e2m u,\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed y\u1ebfu , l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao v\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u1edf n\u01a1i cao gi\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. V\u00ec sao gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n gi\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p? B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t, lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xo\u00e1y. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1ea3m, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng. C\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cao ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ( g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u00e1p n\u1ea5c thang), l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean. Gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u1edd bay trong gi\u00f3, thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m ch\u1ea1y b\u0103ng b\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp d\u1ec1nh, s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 \u1ea9m \u1ea9m, ... Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u do gi\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra. Khi vui v\u1ebb, n\u00f3 \u0111i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111u \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e0nh li\u1ec5u, khi n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea3y lung tung, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e2y l\u1eadt nh\u00e0. V\u1eady gi\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cnhi\u1ec7t c\u1ef1c sinh phong\u201d( khi n\u00f3ng qua s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i gi\u00f3), c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau cho n\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i cao n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u00ecnh ra, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thu h\u1eb9p, kh\u00ed \u00e1p","th\u1ea5p; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i,nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed co l\u1ea1i, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eb7c, kh\u00ed \u00e1p t\u0103ng cao. Do kh\u00ed \u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed \u00e1p n\u1ea5c thang. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed \u00e1p n\u1ea5c thang, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf s\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 cao \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ed5i theo qui lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u00ed \u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng nhanh, gi\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Khi kh\u00ed \u00e1p ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm, s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed \u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00ed \u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc. Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t khi th\u00ec kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, khi th\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao h\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 cao xu\u1ed1ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hu\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed \u00e1p n\u1ea5c thang gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc, gi\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng khi m\u1ea1nh khi y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, do \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00ed \u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u1eeba kh\u00f4 v\u1eeba l\u1ea1nh th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ra bi\u1ec3n. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao kh\u00ed \u00e1p l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng Na n\u00f3ng \u1ea5m th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a T\u00e2y Nam n\u00f3ngh\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khu v\u1ef1c duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i, ban ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi trong l\u00e0nh, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00ed \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Ban \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi ban ng\u00e0y, gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Ban ng\u00e0y v\u00f9ng n\u00fai tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong khe n\u00fai ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean n\u1edf ph\u00ecnh ra, t\u1eadp trung d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p trong khe n\u00fai th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai , v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u00f3 t\u1eeb trong khe n\u00fai th\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai; nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00fai th\u1ed5i xu\u1ed1ng khe n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 n\u00fai v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 khe n\u00fai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, gi\u00f3 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba hay gi\u00f3 n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c","x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u00ed \u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng. S\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u00faa \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i nh\u1eb9, tr\u0103ng sao s\u00e1ng v\u1eb1ng v\u1eb7c, g\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nhin ra ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tuy\u1ebft tr\u1eafng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 l\u1eadt t\u1ea5m ng\u00f3i l\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m ng\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng. L\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n l\u1ecbch, thi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea9n th\u00e1ng 10 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng\u201d. Ta nhin th\u1ea5y tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i, c\u0169ng nhin th\u1ea5y m\u01b0a r\u01a1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 nhin th\u1ea5y s\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u01a1i ch\u01b0a? S\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Ban ng\u00e0y, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p g\u1ea9n v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i thu, \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh g\u1ea9n v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01a1n, khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0 \u0111\u1ed9 C, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng tr\u00ean v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3 li\u1ec1n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tim th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m ng\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1. S\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng\u201d c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat! Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft m\u00f9a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c thi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau: c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft do \u00edt nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, n\u00ean sau khi khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, do v\u1eady d\u1ec5 hinh th\u00e0nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u1edf c\u00e2y c\u1ea9u g\u1ed7, do tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u s\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d; trong m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ed1t, trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t li\u1ec1n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 do v\u1eady s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ng\u00f3i; tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, hai m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 c\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e1 c\u1ecf v\u1eeba m\u1ecfng, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, do v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng; tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e2y, do n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Do v\u1eady, s\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u00ec sao m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng? Ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 m\u00e2y, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u0103n b\u00f4ng d\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t","l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 qua c\u1eeda \u1ea3i l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, sau khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u00e2y h\u00fat \u0111i, ph\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u00e2y h\u00fat \u0111i sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n ph\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Do v\u1eady, t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam, c\u1ea3 b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, v\u00ec s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap cho th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ec sao khi c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng? B\u1ed1n m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u s\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1edf ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa, c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u00ean v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng nh\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi s\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u01a1i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 r\u01a1i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u00f2m sao kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111an c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kim th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, cho r\u1eb1ng u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Sau n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u01a1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00f2m sao kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf t\u1ea9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1nh. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y: v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, khi b\u1ea1n th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ef7 tinh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf; v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 que kem v\u00e0o thu\u1ef7 tinh m\u1ed9t l\u00fac li\u1ec1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed1c thu\u1ef7 tinh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n r\u1ea5t nhanh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf t\u1ea9ng th\u1ea5p trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf, r\u01a1i tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng.","V\u00ec sao khi c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eafng? S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea9n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00e1p kh\u00ed cao, \u00edt gi\u00f3, tr\u1eddi quang m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1n r\u1ea5t nhanh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec sao khi tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng khi tuy\u1ebft tan l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1nh? V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh. Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1eeba l\u1ea1nh v\u1eeba kh\u00f4 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Namv\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh, khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, do kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m bay l\u00ean cao, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng to d\u1ea9n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hoa tuy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9n \u1ea5m \u00e1p. M\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh hoa tuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i v\u00e0 khi tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh. Sau khi trung t\u00e2m lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh qua \u0111i, m\u00e2y tan tuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong xanh, do tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ph\u00f3ng ra m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i khi b\u1ecb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y, khi tan ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p thu m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Theo th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, 1 gam b\u0103ng \u1edf 0 \u0111\u1ed9 C, tan ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc 0 \u0111\u1ed9 C c\u1ea9n h\u1ea5p thu l\u00e0 334,4 micron(80kcal) nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho n\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn tuy\u1ebft tan th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea9n h\u1ea5p thu c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. V\u00ec sao tuy\u1ebft tr\u1eafng? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng? Khi tia s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t tuy\u1ebft, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00fai kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong. G\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tia s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ea1t tuy\u1ebft. V\u00ec th\u1ebf tuy\u1ebft gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.","V\u1eady, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng? \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t photon. Photon\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u201cd\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u v\u1ed3ng\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5. Quang ph\u1ed5 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 7 m\u00e0u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf, da cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u00edm truy\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c photonc\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u \u201cn\u00f3ng\u201d h\u01a1n th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u th\u00f4i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t photonva ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn ra c\u00e1c ph\u00eda (t\u00e1n x\u1ea1), ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng (s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t photons\u1ebd \u201c\u0111\u00e2m s\u1ea9m\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ebft\u201d (h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5). C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t photonthu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef7 theo v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 va ch\u1ea1m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o T\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u201cn\u00f3ng\u201d, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf, trong quang ph\u1ed5. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u00edm \u201cy\u1ebfu\u201d h\u01a1n b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o m\u00e0u xanh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1eeb phi c\u00f3 ai... nhu\u1ed9m n\u00f3). V\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n Tia ch\u1edbp v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00e2y kh\u00f4 treo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d? Khi m\u00e2y m\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m, c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, tia ch\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn\u201d, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sinh ra tia ch\u1edbp. Tia ch\u1edbp d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi ph\u00e1t ra tia ch\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thu\u1eadn bu\u1ed3m xu\u00f4i gi\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng khu v\u1ef1c mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00ean v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecdn, ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u1ea9u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n do t\u1ef1 b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau, mang v\u00e0o t\u1ea9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n do ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y d\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai hay nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn li\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i chung tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4 hanh. Do v\u1eady, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4 g\u1eb7p","\u01b0\u1edbt, n\u00f3 \u0111i qua khu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn khu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u1ede m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o th\u00ec mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2y kh\u00f4 treo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn l\u00e0 tia ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f4ng gai, n\u1ebfm mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u201d m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i tia ch\u1edbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tia s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tia ch\u1edbp d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n v\u01b0\u01a1n th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecdn \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea9u nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn, men theo tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tia ch\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tia ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn n\u00ean tia ch\u1edbp ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 treo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, lo\u1ea1i tia ch\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tia ch\u1edbp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Khi tia ch\u1edbp ti\u00ean d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh xu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tia ch\u1edbp d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea9u mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 10 - 20 centimet, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n theo gi\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau khi co l\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o khe c\u1eeda, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ban \u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, khi di chuy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh v\u00f9 v\u00f9. L\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u h\u01a1i v\u00e0ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac mang m\u00e0u lam tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea1t. \u1ede ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n khi tia ch\u1edbp ph\u00e1t ra c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp ph\u00e1t r\u1ea5t nhanh, khu\u1ea5t sau b\u1ee5i c\u1ecf, sau s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u1ecf b\u1ecb thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y. \u1ede v\u00f9ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m n\u1ed5 vang tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea9u l\u1eeda t\u1eeb c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc t\u1ea9ng hai c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng m\u1edbi x\u00e2y v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, men theo b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m, ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 to, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u1edf g\u00f3c b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng 20 centimet, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea9u l\u1eeda n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u. Hi\u1ec7n nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tia ch\u1edbp h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a tia ch\u1edbp, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 tia ch\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 trong tia ch\u1edbp. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i iond\u01b0\u01a1ng, ion\u00e2m, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea9u t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u th\u00eam. V\u00ec sao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u? V\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y h\u1ed3ng \u0111i qua l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng lan r\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 d\u1ea9y, m\u00e2y u\u1ed1n","nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng s\u1eabm, nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m m\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc m\u00e0u \u00e2m u v\u00e0 x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt. Tr\u00ean bi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t m\u01b0a n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i m\u00e2y nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf tr\u1ea3i ra tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi. Trong \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 tia ch\u1edbp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, tia ch\u1edbp xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn b\u1ea1c, khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tia ch\u1edbp ph\u00e1t quang, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean h\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thanh s\u1eaft v\u1eeba m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n. V\u00ec sao s\u00e9t hay \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c? T\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n sinh ra lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y th\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y th\u1ea5p mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m th\u00ec m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t mang lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng\u201d. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0i x\u00edchnhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i x\u00edch nhau khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea9u. L\u1ef1c b\u00e0i x\u00edch n\u00e0y ven theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t gh\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t gh\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra, \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t gh\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 h\u00fat tia \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00fa m\u01b0a d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 cao nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t c\u1edd, c\u00e2y cao, th\u00e1p nh\u1ecdn, c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n v.v... b\u1edfi v\u00ec tia s\u00e9t r\u1ea5t th\u00edch nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t. C\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thanh kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao, ph\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u00fat t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tia s\u00e9t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua n\u00f3 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tia s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o","to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. V\u00ec sao lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m? V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u1ea5m, trong c\u01a1n d\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra tia l\u1eeda, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tia l\u1eeda ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi tia l\u1eeda ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t ra tia s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tia s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y sinh ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00ecnh ra, h\u1ea1t m\u00e2y c\u0169ng n\u1edf ph\u00ecnh ra do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh vang m\u1ea1nh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1edbp, v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh vang d\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m. Ch\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t sinh ra v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 30 v\u1ea1n km, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea1y 7,5 v\u00f2ng quanh x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 340 m \/ s, b\u1eb1ng 1 \/ 900.000 l\u1ea9n so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Th\u1eddi gian tia s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ch\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n gi\u00e2y; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00e2m thanh c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Theo nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1edbp \u0111\u1ebfn khi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra n\u01a1i ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta bao xa. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 xa, ho\u1eb7c do \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 vang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec khi \u00e2m thanh truy\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m n\u1eefa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong kh\u00f4ng trung c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ch\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n c\u00f3 s\u1ea5m k\u00e8m theo nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m \u1ea9m \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, vang h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u m\u1edbi ng\u1eebng? Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 do tia ch\u1edbp trong kh\u00f4ng trung th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tia ch\u1edbp d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 2 ~ 3 km, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 tia c\u00f2n d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 km. Do kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9n tr\u00ean tia ch\u1edbp so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, cho n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ebfn tai ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng vang ti\u1ebfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng sau. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tia ch\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea9n r\u1ed3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng chu\u1ed7i tia ch\u1edbp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u1eady th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1edbp ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1edbp ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u00e2m thanh s\u1ea5m vang m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn thi tho\u1ea3ng nghe th\u1ea5y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea9ng, n\u00fai cao ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y tr\u00ean","b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tai ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng do v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i \u00e2m thanh \u1ea9m \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat m\u1edbi ng\u1eebng. T\u1ea1i sao tr\u1eddi qu\u1ea7ng th\u00ec gi\u00f3, tr\u0103ng t\u00e1n th\u00ec m\u01b0a? M\u1ed7i khi quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta x\u01b0a l\u1ea1i nh\u1eafc con ch\u00e1u thu th\u00f3c \u0111ang ph\u01a1i, c\u1ea5t qu\u1ea9n \u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5... H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o nhau m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y. V\u1ea9ng s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1n hay qu\u1ea9ng. Qu\u1ea9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n xung quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng, da cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u00edm. Qu\u1ea9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. \u201cQu\u1ea9ng\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u00e2y ti t\u1ea9ng. L\u1edbp m\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2y \u1edf t\u1ea9ng cao do v\u00f4 v\u00e0n tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng li ti t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e1y l\u1edbp m\u00e2y c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 6 km. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf n\u01a1i xa (c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m km), lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea5m \u0111ang giao tranh v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1ea9n \u1ea5m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 bay l\u00ean theo m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng l\u00ean cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea9n, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh t\u1ea9ng m\u00e2y. D\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e2y v\u0169 t\u1ea9ng d\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1i m\u00e2y n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u01b0a th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 300 km. C\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao, do m\u1eb7t frontn\u00f3ng (m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh) c\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch xa m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 cao ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n m\u00e2y c\u0169ng d\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n, th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y cao t\u1ea9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e2y ti t\u1ea9ng, l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u00e2y ti. V\u00ec m\u00e2y ti h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 6 km, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng - 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c l\u0103ng. \u201cKhi tia n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu qua tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra qu\u1ea9ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea9ng M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng\u201d. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea9ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea9ng M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 khi h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c l\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea9n n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, th\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u00e2y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p, gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea9n l\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a r\u01a1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, qu\u1ea9ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean","cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u01b0a gi\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp m\u00e2y cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea9ng, sau qu\u1ea9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u1ea9n d\u1ea9n d\u00e0y l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111en \u0111\u1eb7c, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u01b0a to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec5 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea9ng, v\u1ea9ng tr\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1n th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd x\u1ea5u \u0111i, c\u00f2n m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm nghe ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng \u1edf xa r\u00f5 h\u01a1n ban ng\u00e0y? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00ean t\u0129nh, c\u00f2n ban ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00e2m thanh bi\u1ebft \u201c\u0111i v\u00f2ng\u201d. \u00c2m thanh truy\u1ec1n \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 sau: Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed7 cao ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00e2m thanh \u0111i v\u00f2ng. Ban ng\u00e0y, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hun n\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean cao. Do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean sau khi ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra, ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao xa, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00f2ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean cao n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. V\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ra b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nghe kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh. Ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf g\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean cao, sau khi ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng. V\u00ec sao gi\u00f3 ban ng\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ban \u0111\u00eam? Ng\u00e0y h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng n\u1ef1c v\u00e0 oi \u1ea3, b\u1ea1n mong cho \u0111\u00eam mau xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t. b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec \u0111\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, vang h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y... Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ban ng\u00e0y, khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n.","V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, sau khi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu d\u1ea9n. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn \u1edf t\u1ea9ng cao, v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd di chuy\u1ec3n chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea9ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0: kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, nh\u1eb9 s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c l\u00ean cao, kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh, n\u1eb7ng s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ban ng\u00e0y, \u00e1nh n \u1eafng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng do nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhau n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch. N\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c l\u00ean tr\u00ean, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ngkh\u00ed s\u1ebd l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed theo chi\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea9n \u0111i sinh ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea5p, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed. V\u00ec sao \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam h\u00e8 tr\u1eddi quang, nh\u00ecn l\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y chi ch\u00edt c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao v\u00e0 r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? L\u00fd do l\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf g\u1ea9n trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sao nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng, Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf r\u00eca ng\u00e2n h\u00e0, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00edt sao h\u01a1n. Trong h\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (Milky Way) c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 t\u1ef7 sao v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u201cb\u00e1nh tr\u00f2n\u201d. Ph\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh n\u00e0y h\u01a1i d\u1ea9y h\u01a1n chung quanh. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda m\u00e9p \u201cb\u00e1nh\u201d b\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 10 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 1 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0. H\u1ea9u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng sao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u00ec d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m h\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt sao trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng quay quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0. \u0110\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0, t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u sao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7. B\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam h\u00e8 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y","ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. V\u1ec1 m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f9a kh\u00e1c, khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u1edf ban ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. C\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1eb7t kia c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (v\u00f9ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a h\u00e8 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u sao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i sao th\u00e1ng 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 28 ng\u00e0y? Th\u00e1ng trong l\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu, th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 31 ng\u00e0y, th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 30 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e1ng 2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 28 ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 n\u0103m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 29 ng\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? N\u00f3i ra th\u00ec th\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng","N\u0103m 46 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i La M\u00e3 Julius C\u00e9sar khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ra l\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 12 th\u00e1ng, th\u00e1ng l\u1ebb l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 31 ng\u00e0y; Th\u00e1ng ch\u1eb5n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 30 ng\u00e0y. Th\u00e1ng 2 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 30 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 365 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 366 ng\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong th\u00e1ng n\u00e0o? L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, theo t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2, cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng may m\u1eafn. Trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, v\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong th\u00e1ng 2 , l\u00e0m cho th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng may m\u1eafn n\u00e0y b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1ng 2 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 29 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch Julius. Sau n\u00e0y, khi Augustus k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c Julius C\u00e9sar l\u00ean l\u00e0m Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La M\u00e3. Augustus\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Julius C\u00e9sar sinh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7, theo l\u1ecbch Julius th\u00ec th\u00e1ng 7 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 31 ng\u00e0y, Augustussinh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8, th\u00e1ng 8 l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 30 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam nh\u01b0 Julius C\u00e9sar, Augustus\u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eeda th\u00e1ng 8 th\u00e0nh 31 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda n\u0103m sau. Th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11 ban \u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec s\u1eeda th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu. Th\u00e1ng 10 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12 ban \u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1eeda th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y? L\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong th\u00e1ng 2 kh\u00f4ng may m\u1eafn n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 2 ch\u1ec9 c \u00f2n 28 ng\u00e0y. H\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1edf d\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. V\u00ec sao b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a trong n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nhau M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a trong n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m chia cho 4, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n theo th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p chia \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Xu\u00e2n ph\u00e2n (23\/1) \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y H\u1ea1 ch\u00ed (21\/6) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 92 ng\u00e0y 19 gi\u1edd. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y H\u1ea1 ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y Thu ph\u00e2n (23\/9) d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 93 ng\u00e0y 15gi\u1edd. M\u00f9a thu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Thu ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u00ed (22\/12) d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 89 ng\u00e0y 19 gi\u1edd. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u00ed t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y Xu\u00e2n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 89 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00f9a h\u00e8 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng 4 ng\u00e0y 15 ti\u1ebfng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn d\u00e0i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xa hay g\u1ea9n. Ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay xung quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi theo qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1ea9u d\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh b\u1ea9u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u00ecnh b\u1ea9u d\u1ee5c th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3 g\u1ea9n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n. M\u00f9a h\u1ea1, khi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf xa M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t,","do \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng, khi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf g\u1ea9n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t cho m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu, l\u00e0 hai m\u00f9a trung gian trong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m c\u00e2n b\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t M\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y s\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n khi b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. 1cm3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,18 jun nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng , t\u1ee9c 1 calo, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng th\u00eam 1 \u0111\u1ed9 C, trong khi 1cm3 \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p thu b\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam 2 2,5 \u0111\u1ed9 C. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t Tinh hinh \u1edf c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c thi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u1ede sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng \u201cc\u1ef1c qu\u00fd\u201d, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do nhi\u1ec7t dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t nh\u1ecf, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ( do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m). Vi th\u1ebf, tuy l\u1edbp c\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3ng r\u00e3y r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5t sa m\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1edf bi\u1ec3n. Cho n\u00ean, khi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda thi\u00eau v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u01a1n m\u01b0a \u1edf v\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c. V\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cao qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n sa m\u1ea1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a. T\u1eeb s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn to\u1ea3 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng sa m\u1ea1c, v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do vi sao v\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec sao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o? X\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y quanh n\u0103m c\u00f3 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea9u. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tinh hinh th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 35 \u0111\u1ed9 C. V\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sa m\u1ea1c Sahara \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi 55 \u0111\u1ed9 C, trong khi Sahara c\u00e1ch xa x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y cao nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 45 50 \u0111\u1ed9 C.","T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c Trung \u00c1, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t ban ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 48 \u0111\u1ed9. Sa m\u1ea1c Gobi (M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5) kho\u1ea3ng 45 \u0111\u1ed9 C. V\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t? Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3i \u201cR\u1eebng l\u00e0 l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d? R\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ec7 s\u0129\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u00e0 cacbonnic trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, nh\u1ecbn u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. H\u1ea9u h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra nh\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt xanh trong r\u1eebng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed oxy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh n\u1eafng, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea9n so v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt xanh l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a oxy. C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed oxy. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, c\u00e2y d\u1ebb cao 33 m\u00e9t c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 110 ngh\u00ecn l\u00e1. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0 340m2. M\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 10 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e2y th\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e1 c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p cao. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn 400 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n cacbonic v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra 200 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n oxy. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1eebng gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e1 b\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: SO2, HF, Cl. SO2 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 SO2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10 ppm s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 tim \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh, lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecbp kh\u00f3 th\u1edf. R\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed SO2 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c axit g\u1ed1c amin trong c\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v.v. F c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0103n ph\u1ea3i hoa qu\u1ea3, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, rau c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng F cao s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c, sinh b\u1ec7nh. Trong r\u1eebng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed n\u00e0y. Trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t 1 ha c\u00e2y ng\u00e2n hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 11,8 kg F, 1 ha c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u00e2y l\u00e0 4,3 kg F v\u00e0 1 ha c\u00e2y li\u1ec5u th\u00ec h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 3,9 kg F. R\u1eebng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f4ng d\u00e0y n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u: trung b\u00ecnh 1 n\u0103m, c\u1ee9 15","m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y t\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 36 t\u1ea5n kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, 1 m2 c\u00e2y ph\u00f9 du c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,39 t\u1ea5n b\u1ee5i th\u1ea3i. Trong r\u1eebng c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p um t\u00f9m n\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3. Do v\u1eady n\u00ean s\u1ed1 b\u1ee5i th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i g\u1ea9n h\u1ebft, sau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u1edbn, s\u1ed1 b\u1ee5i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n. L\u00e1 c\u00e2y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eef b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u. R\u1eebng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f3th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft n\u00fai l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973, t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eb1m d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang phun tr\u00e0o \u0111e do\u1ea1 b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea3o Heimaey ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Iceland. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4ng nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y ra ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch uy\u00ean gia t\u00ednh to\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 cho nhi\u1ec1u nham th\u1ea1ch tr\u00e0n ra h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia lo ng\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o theo to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nham th\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bon Hydro c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0i megaton, g\u00e2y th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u00f3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng xung quanh v\u00e0nh \u0111ai B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nham th\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda ng\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0y ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o ra nham th\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1i. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 2000 m\u00e9t, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n, khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun \u1edf Surtsey, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Iceland, c\u1ee9 3 ph\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 kiloton. V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm? B\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd lo ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i","trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cao t\u1edbi 270 ph\u1ea9n ngh\u00ecn. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao trong khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean t\u1ea9ng m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 35 ph\u1ea9n ngh\u00ecn, c\u00f2n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cao \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady? Gi\u1edf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ra ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Jordan, l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed3 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u1ecdt th\u1ecfm trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh xung quanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. Th\u1ef1c ra, Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn mang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Chung quanh c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i. C\u00e1c t\u1ea9ng nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t cao. Do bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra n\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Jordanl\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng hanh kh\u00f4, \u00edt m\u01b0a. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gay g\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1i \u201cv\u0169ng\u201d k\u00edn n\u00e0y b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Jordanl\u1ea1i b\u1ecb r\u00fat b\u1edbt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau. Th\u00e1ng n\u0103m qua, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 trong thu\u1ef7 v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd -Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft. T\u1ea1i sao n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0 tan r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, b\u1edfi mu\u1ed1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 ra? Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i ho\u00e0 tan m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3? \u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u00f3 hai gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft: - Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t cho r\u1eb1ng ban \u0111\u1ea9u n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng ng\u1ecdt y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1i t\u1eeb trong nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, theo m\u01b0a ch\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, tr\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a. M\u01b0a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo th\u1eddi gian, mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdng d\u1ea9n xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n, khi\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1eb7n h\u01a1n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. -Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai cho r\u1eb1ng, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea9u n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n theo tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, khi l\u00ean","khi xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n? Khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n xao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u00e0o \u00e0o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n. Khi s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ba ph\u00eda l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef \u201cV\u201d th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng s\u1ebd cao g\u1ea5p 3 4 l\u1ea9n. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Uie c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 25 m\u00e9t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh Tokyos\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 cao b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau v\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n m\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m g\u00e2y n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn \u1edf bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng (thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed \u00e1p) m\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng? Gi\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3, th\u1eddi gian th\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i qua. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 c\u1ea5p 12 (kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm) l\u01b0\u1edbt qua t\u1eeb eo bi\u1ec3n Trung M\u1ef9, b\u0103ng qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 18.000 km,th\u00ec sau m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd di chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 4,2 m\u00e9t. Theo c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, sau m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, s\u00f3ng do c\u01a1n b\u00e3o n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd cao trung b\u00ecnh 14,1 m\u00e9t, sau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea9n, s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t 20,7 m\u00e9t nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u sinh ra nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng cao h\u01a1n 25 m\u00e9t? L\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n khi s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng cao tr\u00ean 30 m\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac bi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn. Ng\u00e0y 27\/02\/2003, t\u00e0u Permc\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c: 34 m\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 12 t\u1ea9ng! C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng cao tr\u00ean 50 m\u00e9t, d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a ai b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00fac bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng cao tr\u00ean 30 m\u00e9t \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3ng 20 m\u00e9t do gi\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 50 m\u00e9t. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, song kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1995, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nga, trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e0n khoan d\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Staoil m\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0n khoan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 cao 41 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng m\u1eb9 -con n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.","Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn MaxWave c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 WaveAtlas(B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00f3ng). D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 ba, b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1n, b\u1ed9 n\u0103m... song song nhau. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng ngh\u1ec5u ngh\u1ec7n v\u00e0i ph\u00fat r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng, tan bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eebng l\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn kilom\u00e9t nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc di \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ba, b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea9n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi d\u00e2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean cao th\u00e0nh s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o gi\u1eef cho s\u00f3ng ch\u1eafc ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ch\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n\u201d ngh\u00ecn d\u1eb7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? S\u00f3ng l\u1eebng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201ch\u1ea1t d\u1ebb\u201d kh\u00f3 nh\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00ec \u201cch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o c\u1ea3\u201d. Tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng l\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u con s\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf, song xem ra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng, v\u00ec khi c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1eddi y\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u1eb7ng. Tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 gi\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u b\u1ed7ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea9n n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y nhanh \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u00fd, song l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea9u, cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f9ng l\u00f5m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng l\u1ed3i (tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00f5m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng). D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c quay Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ven r\u00eca c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00f5m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ecf ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng l\u1ed3i hay l\u00f5m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia thu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n WaveAtlaskh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea9u n\u00ean n\u00e2ng chi\u1ec1u cao gi\u00e0n khoan l\u00ean t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 20%, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edb qu\u00ean mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, n\u00ean gia c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 boong t\u00e0u, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng \u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec. ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u00f3ng l\u1eebng? C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n: s\u00f3ng th\u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng","l\u1eebng. S\u00f3ng th\u1ea5n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1 k\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tan bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng. Hai thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea9u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Esso Langedoc mang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Panama \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ea9n Nam Phi. Theo l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n ph\u00f3 PhillipLeageour, l\u00fac b\u1ea5t gi\u1edd th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t song ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng . B\u1ea5t ng\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean, ch\u1ed3m t\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i xo\u1eafn cu\u1ed9n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9u, c\u00e0n b\u0103ng qua con t\u00e0u, ch\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 \u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1n tr\u00e1i t\u00e0u v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u00e9t. Bu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 huy cao ng\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec3u, c\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdn \u0103ng ten l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 30 m\u00e9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc khi con s\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua. Sau ph\u00fat kinh ho\u00e0ng \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean boong. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lu\u1ef9 n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n theo v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng. T\u00e0u Esso Langedoc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n may m\u1eafn v\u00ec s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua. N\u0103m 1980, trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng Derbeashir c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5 \u1ee5p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n 44 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ESA), trong hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eafm, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 22 con t\u00e0u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm\u201d. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f2n theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tai n\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea9n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hai con t\u00e0u b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng l\u1eebng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ef1a? \u25a0o\u25a0\u25a0o\u25a0 V\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i mang c\u00e1i t\u00ean k\u00ec l\u1ea1 \u1ea5y? M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong \u0111\u1ea9u b\u1ea1n m\u1ed7i khi nghe nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 30 35 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u, n\u01a1i gi\u00f3 l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4 n\u00f3ng. V\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ef1a \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u b\u1eafc \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f9ng l\u1eb7ng Nam ch\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn\u201d. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha ch\u1edf ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y \u1ea4n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00ec \u1ea1ch\u201d v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3,","khi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i qu\u1eb3ng ng\u1ef1a xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00ec hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: d\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y mang t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cto\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u1ef1a. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00e1c l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00ec n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb? Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o m\u00e2y kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec5m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra, g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng hydro, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ec9nh cao chu k\u1ef3 11 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Theo Oliver Manuel, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n M\u1ef9, khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, hydrob\u1ecb n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9n n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u201c\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 cau c\u00f3\u201d n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i to\u1ea3 ra t\u1eeb l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh ngay t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9n t\u00e2m gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hydroc\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Manuel gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTheo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao, v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5. H\u1ea9u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i l\u00f5i ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 trinh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf t\u00e2m M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c h\u00ednh d\u00f2ng plasma \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. Ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y sao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Manuelkh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 sao t\u00e2n tinh. Ch\u00ednh vi v\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao neutron\u1edf t\u00e2m M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn l\u1edbp s\u1eaft quanh ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 Bose - Einstein), \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o trong chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Trong khi thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Manuelc\u00f2n \u0111ang g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc thi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i. Manueltin r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7. H\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m nay, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi minh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i tim \u201cgi\u1ea5y khai sinh\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.","B\u00e0i to\u00e1n vui v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e2y \u0110\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi xem m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebft x\u1ed1p l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng bao nhi\u00eau? Hay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o thi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5y t\u1ea5n? M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n kinh ng\u1ea1c. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng x\u1ed1p tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u00edch. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a bao nhi\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc trong minh? PeggyLeMone, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Boulder, Colorado, cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng kho\u1ea3ng 550 t\u1ea5n. Hay \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hinh dung h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ... nh\u1eefng con voi. M\u1ed9t con voi trung binh c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng 6 t\u1ea5n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u00edch n\u1eb7ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea9n 100 con voi\u201d. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng 100 con th\u00fa l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c: C\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ecdt c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 to nh\u01b0 con voi, m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf\u201d, LeMone gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong t\u1ea9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y treo tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 LeMone. \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, cho t\u1edbi khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n\u201d, b\u00e0 n\u00f3i. V\u1eady bao nhi\u00eau \u201cch\u00fa voi\u201d m\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n d\u00f4ng l\u1edbn.? G\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y l\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u00edch ch\u0103ng? Con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n kinh ng\u1ea1c: kho\u1ea3ng 200.000! C\u00f2n trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o l\u1edbn, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng h\u01a1n: 4 tri\u1ec7u con voi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n cu\u1ed3ng phong c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con voi tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 voi t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng? M\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c do h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tro ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sinh ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n 20 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 sao Thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e2y. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e2y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 sao M\u1ed9c, sao Th\u1ed5 v.v. l\u00e0 l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 1.000 kmv\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean am\u00f4nium, t\u1ea9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, do \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea1ng hoa v\u0103n. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb sao Thu\u1ef7 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e2y. Tr\u00ean sao Ho\u1ea3, do b\u00e3o c\u00e1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y c\u00e1t r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Theo quan tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u Manier","-4, tr\u00ean sao Ho\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n lo\u00e3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1\/5 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y b\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng 95% trong m\u00e2y sao Ho\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00f4xit cacbon. Theo quan tr\u1eafc tr\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a phi thuy\u1ec1n Pirate 1 th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 139 \u0111\u1ed9 C. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0y n\u00ean m\u00e2y sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u0103ng kh\u00f4. V\u1ec1 sao Kim, trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 95% l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00f4xit cacbon, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00e2y t\u1edbi 50 km b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00e2m 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng kh\u00f4. M\u00e2y th\u0103m d\u00f2 sao Kim quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2y \u1edf th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i m\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean cao \u00edt ra l\u00e0 m\u00e2y axit sunphuric. V\u00ec sao b\u00ecnh minh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng to h\u01a1n? M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng quay quanh qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hai thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ta th\u1ea5y M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng to nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nia, c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 b\u00e9 nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edfi. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? L\u00fd do l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt d\u1ec5 sinh \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y x\u00e9t hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5: (1) Khi ta \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 to h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c to h\u01a1n, ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i. H\u00ecnh 1: V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang to nh\u01b0 nhau. (2)Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c quang h\u1ecdc, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5u quang. H\u00ecnh 2: H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb to h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n m\u00e0u \u0111en, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nhau. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng nh\u01b0 sau: Khi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp l\u1eb7n, ph\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng. G\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. M\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00fang to h\u1eb3n ra. Nh\u01b0ng khi l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea9u, b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi bao la kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang nh\u1ecf h\u1eb3n l\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp l\u1eb7n, b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edd t\u1ed1i khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0 \u1edf v\u00ed d\u1ee5 2, v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u1eafng gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n \u0111en). Khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eaft ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang to h\u01a1n."]