DenTranChuaThapTinhNamDinh

["Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n C\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m; Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 5 gian, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00e0n (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00eau h\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 2 gian t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu vu. Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 5 gian v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1ea9m 3 gian. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1n Tr\u00f9ng Hoa m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0ng mang phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII - XVIII tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c to\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed1n m\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111ao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n cong, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ed3ng r\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea9y hi\u00ean, k\u1ebb g\u00f3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc l\u00e1 l\u1eadt, ch\u1eef th\u1ecd. V\u00e1n b\u1ecbt h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1eadu cung ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i r\u1ed3ng m\u00e2y. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1i l\u1ee3p ng\u00f3i m\u0169i, b\u1edd m\u00e1i c\u00f3 g\u1eafn hoa chanh k\u00e9p. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edd n\u00f3c c\u00f3 g\u1eafn 2 con k\u00ecm n\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t nguy\u1ec7t \u1edd gi\u1eefa, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i g\u00f3c \u0111ao m\u00e1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng con s\u1ed5 trang tr\u00ed. T\u01b0\u1eddng bao che \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i x\u00e2y n\u1ed1i gi\u00e1p nh\u00e0 t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu vu b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef c\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t trong tr\u00e1t, m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2y m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 lim l\u00e0m theo ki\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng song, h\u1ea1 b\u1ea3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda l\u00e0 ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n l\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef c\u00f4ng, xung quanh b\u00f3 th\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m c\u00f3 6 con r\u1ed3ng m\u00e2y ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u 15 cm \u0111\u1eb7t theo c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c tim c\u1ed9t. S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed2 TH\u1edc PH\u1ee4NG V\u00c0 C\u00c1CH B\u00c0I TR\u00cd T\u01af\u1ee2NG M\u01af\u1edcI B\u1ed0N V\u1eca HO\u00c0NG \u0110\u1ebe To\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 46","1. Gian gi\u1eefa to\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1edd H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c quan T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngai v\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u1ecb th\u1edd; B\u00e0i v\u1ecb ghi: Tr\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u v\u0103n v\u0169 quan U\u00eau h\u1ec7t v\u1ecb To\u00e0 thi\u00eau h\u01b0\u01a1ng (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00e0n) v\u00e0 t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu vu c\u00f3 ngai v\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u1ecb th\u1edd; 1. Tr\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u li\u1ec7t mi\u1ebfu ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ea7n v\u1ecb. 2. Tr\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u v\u0103n quan th\u00e2n th\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t v\u1ecb, 3. Tr\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u v\u00f5 quan th\u00e2n th\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t v\u1ecb. T\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5\u00edn v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n. To\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: 14 11 10 13 12 To\u00e0 Cung c\u1ea5m: 76 21 54 9 3 8 47","V\u1ecb \u1eeb\u00ed b\u00e0i tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. 1. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng(1218 - 1277) 2. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng(1240 -1290) 3. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1258 -1278) 4. Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng (1276 - 1320) 5. Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng (1300 -1357) 6. Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng (1319 -1341) 7. Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng (1336 - 1369) 8. Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng(1325 - 1399) 9. Tr\u1ea7n Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng (1337 - 1377) 10. Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf (1361 - 1388) 11. Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng (1377 - 1399) 12. Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ebf (1359- ?) 13. Tr\u1ea7n Gi\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh (? - 1409) 14. Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng (? - 1413) T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI V\u00c0 s\u1ef1 NGHI\u1ec6P M\u01af\u1edcI B\u1ed0N V\u1eca HO\u00c0NG \u0110\u1ebe TH\u1edcI TR\u1ea6N. 1. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh) 1225 -1258 T\u00ean hu\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n B\u1ed3, sinh ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m M\u1eadu D\u1ea7n (1218) ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ki\u1ebfn Gia th\u1ee9 8 \u0111\u00f2d L\u00fd Hu\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng - Th\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1eeba^i) (1183 - 1234). (1) \u0110\u1ec1n V\u1ea1n Kho\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 M\u1ef9 Ph\u00fac c\u00e1ch khu di t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1n Tr\u1ea7n, ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng 4km th\u1edd Th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1eeba. 48","- Th\u00e2n m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u00e8ri h\u1ecd L\u00ea. - N\u0103m 1224 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cung l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c chi h\u1eadu ch\u00ednh chi \u1ee9ng c\u1ee5c (lo vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd l\u00e0 L\u00fd Chi\u00eau Ho\u00e0ng). - Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m \u1ea4t D\u1eadu (1225) do Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi L\u00fd Chi\u00eau Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd Chi\u00eau Ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i, \u1edf ng\u00f4i 33 n\u0103m (1225 - 1258) - Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd (1258) nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con l\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed Ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u1edf ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng 19 n\u0103m (1258 - 1277). - M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m \u0110inh S\u1eedu (1277) \u1edf cung V\u1ea1n Th\u1ecd (kinh \u0111\u00f4 Th\u0103ng Long), th\u1ecd 60 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00e1ng \u1edf Chi\u00eau L\u0103ng, n\u0103m 1381 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng T\u01b0 Ph\u00fac \u1edf An Sinh \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. - Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf ng\u00f4i 33 n\u0103m Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t 3 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u + Ki\u1ebfn Trung (1225 - 1232) + Thi\u00ean \u1ee9 n g Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh (1232 - 1251) + Nguy\u00ean Phong (1251 - 1258) 2. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u1ea3ng) 1258 -1278 - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u1ea3ng, con tr\u01b0\u1ecffng d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng. M\u1eb9 l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n T\u1eeb Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu L\u00fd th\u1ecb, nh\u00e2n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng chi\u00eam bao th\u1ea5y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf trao cho g\u01b0\u01a1m b\u00e1u, h\u1eadu c\u00f3 mang r\u1ed3i sinh ra vua. - Sinh gi\u1edd Ng\u1ecd ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m Canh T\u00fd (1240) t\u1ea1i kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long. Ngay sau khi sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed. 49","- Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd (1258), \u1edf ng\u00f4i 21 n\u0103m (1258 - 1278). Ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m M\u1eadu D\u1ea7n (1278) nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng 13 n\u0103m (1278 - 1290). \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, s\u1eed gia Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cVua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung hi\u1ebfu, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebb s\u0129, cha l\u00e0m ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc con n\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 sau, c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta\u201d. - \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Canh D\u1ea7n (1290) \u1edf cung Nh\u00e2n Th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 12 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m t\u00e1ng \u1edf D\u1ee5 L\u0103ng mi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, truy t\u00f4n l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u00e2n Minh, V\u0103n V\u0169 Tuy\u00ean Hi\u1ebfu Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. - Trong th\u00f2i gian \u1edf ng\u00f4i 21 n\u0103m vua Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t 2 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u sau: + Thi\u1ec7u Long (1258 - 1272) + B\u1ea3o Ph\u00f9 (1273- 1279) , 3. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ( Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e2m) 1279 -1293 T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e2m l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean C\u1ea3m ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu. Sinh ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd (1258) t\u1ea1i kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long, khi sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh anh th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1o, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 vua Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 l\u1ea1, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kim Ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5ng t\u1eed. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Tu\u1ea5t (1274). 50","- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m M\u1eadu D\u1ea7n (1278), \u1edf ng\u00f4i 14 n\u0103m (1278 - 1293), sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng 5 n\u0103m (1293 - 1299). Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1294 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u00e0o am V\u0169 L\u00e2m (Ninh B\u00ecnh) l\u1eadp am tu thi\u1ec1n, n\u0103m 1299 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean Y\u00ean T\u1eed tu h\u00e0nh theo \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Y\u00ean T\u1eed \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. - M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n (1308) t\u1ea1i am Ngo\u1ea1 V\u00e2n n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed th\u1ecd 51 tu\u1ed5i, x\u00e1 l\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u00f9a T\u01b0 Ph\u00fac (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 \u1edf Y\u00ean T\u1eed (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh) - Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u1edf ng\u00f4i 14 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t 2 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u: + Thi\u1ec7u B\u1ea3o (1279 - 1285) + Tr\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng (1285 - 1293) 4. Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng (Tr\u1ea7n Thuy\u00ean) 1293 -1314 - H\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean; Tr\u1ea7n Thuy\u00ean, l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2m T\u1eeb B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu, con g\u00e1i H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ec2\u00f9i. - Sii\u1ee9i ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m B\u00ednh T\u00fd (1276) t\u1ea1i-kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Th\u00ecn (1292), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m Qu\u00fd T\u1ef5 (1293), \u1edf ng\u00f4i 21 n\u0103m (1293 - 1314), nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ecdug ho\u00e0ng 6 n\u0103m (1314 - 1320) M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m Canh Th\u00e2n (1320) t\u1ea1i cung Tr\u00f9ng Quang ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, linh c\u1eefu r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1eeda T\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00f9, qu\u00e0n t\u1ea1i cung Th\u00e1nh T\u1eeb, t\u00e1ng \u1edf Th\u00e1i L\u0103ng (nay l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1i L\u1ed1c) th\u00f4n Tr\u1ea1i L\u1ed1c 2 x\u00e3 Y\u00ean Sinh, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. 51","Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf ng\u00f4i 21 n\u0103m vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u01b0ng Long (1293 - 1314) 5. Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng (1314 -1329) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 M\u1ea1nh, con th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Anh T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Chi\u00eau Hi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ecb, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng. - Sinh ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m Canh T\u00fd (1300). - \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4ng cung ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u1ea4t T\u1ef5 (1305). - \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p D\u1ea7n (1314), \u1edf ng\u00f4i 15 n\u0103m (1314 - 1329). - Nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng 28 n\u0103m (1329 - 1357). - M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m \u0110inh D\u1eadu (1357) t\u1ea1i cung B\u1ea3o Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c L\u0103ng (x\u00e3 Y\u00ean Sinh, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh). - Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng th\u1ecd 58 tu\u1ed5i, trong 15 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vua (1314 - 1329) \u0111\u1eb7t 2 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0; + \u0110\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1nh (1314- 1323) + Khai Th\u00e1i (1324 - 1329) 6. Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng (1329 -1341) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng, m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn T\u1eeb tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu, m\u1eb9 sinh l\u00e0 Minh T\u1eeb Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i phi L\u00ea Thi. - Sinh ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 M\u00f9i(1319) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 T\u1ef5 (1329), \u1edf ng\u00f4i 13 n\u0103m. 52","- M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m T\u00e2n T\u1ef5 (1341) t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea9m^'\\\\ th\u1ecd 23 tu\u1ed5i qu\u00e0n \u1edf cung Ki\u1ebfn X\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1381 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 l\u0103ng Ng\u1ea3i S\u01a1n \u1ecf x\u00e3 An Sinh, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. - Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. - Trong th\u1eddi gian 13 n\u0103m \u1edf ng\u00f4i (1329 - 1341) Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Khai H\u1ef1u. 7. Tr\u1ea7n D \u1ee5 T\u00f4ng (1341 -1369) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 10 c\u1ee7a Minh T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn T\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu. Sinh ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m B\u00ednh T\u00fd (1336). - Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m T\u00e2n T\u1ef5(1341) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0cmg ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. \u1edf ng\u00f4i 28 n\u0103m (1341 - 1369), ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m K\u1ec9 D\u1eadu(1369) t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea9m^^^ t\u00e1ng \u1edf Ph\u1ee5 L\u0103ng, \u1edf ng\u00f4i 28 n\u0103m (1341 - 1369). Trong th\u1eddi gian 28 n\u0103m ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t 2 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0: + Thi\u1ec7u Phong(1341 - 1357) + \u0110\u1ea1i Tri (1358- 1369) 8. Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng (1370 -1372) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee7, l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng, (1), (2) Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea9m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n C\u00e0n Nguy\u00ean (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean Thi\u00ean An v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ed9n K\u00ednh Thi\u00ean nay l\u00e0 Th\u0103ng Long H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). 53","th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Minh T\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i phi (em ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4n T\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i phi), ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd L\u00ea. - Sinh ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m T\u00e2n D\u1eadu (1321). - L\u00ean ng\u00f4i ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m Canh Tu\u1ea5t (1370). -Vua \u1edf ng\u00f4i 3 n\u0103m (1370 - 1372), ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd (1372) vua nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho em l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n K\u00ednh lui v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng 27 n\u0103m (1372 - 1394). - M\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Tu\u1ea5t (1394), th\u1ecd 74 tu\u1ed5i, an t\u00e1ng \u1edf Nguy\u00ean l\u0103ng(Y\u00ean Sinh) mi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng, t\u00ean thu\u1ef5 l\u00e0 Quang Nghi\u00ean Anh Tri\u1ebft Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. - Trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vua (1370 - 1372) Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t 1 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1nh. 9. Tr\u1ea7n Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng (1372 -1377) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n K\u00ednh, l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 11 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng, em Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng. Th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4n T\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i phi. - Sinh ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 2 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m \u0110inh S\u1eedu (1337), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i (1371) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd(1372). - \u1edf ng\u00f4i (1372 - 1377), \u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00ecn (1376), vua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m \u0110inh T\u1ef5 (1377) t\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n doanh (Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh) th\u1ecd 41 tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00e1ng 9 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 chi\u00eau h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 cho vua \u1edf H\u1ef7 L\u0103ng (Nay l\u00e0 n\u00fai Ng\u1ecdc Thanh, \u0110\u1ea1m Thu\u1ef7, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh). 54","- Trong thcd gian \u1edf ng\u00f4i Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ee5\u00ea T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Long Kh\u00e1nh (1372 - 1377). 10. Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf (1377 -1388) - T\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Gia T\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, L\u00ea th\u1ecb. - Sinh ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m T\u00e2n S\u1eedu (1361). - L\u00ean ng\u00f4i ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m T\u00e2n T\u1ef5 (1377) \u1edf ng\u00f4i 12 n\u0103m (1377 -1388). - Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 6 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn (1388), th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1ng Ph\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m Linh \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng \u1edf n\u00fai An B\u00e0i, khu l\u0103ng T\u01b0 Ph\u00fac, - Trong th\u1eddi gian 12 n\u0103m \u1edf ng\u00f4i Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u1ebf \u0110 \u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00f9 (1377 - 1388) 11. Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng (1388 -1398) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Ngung, l\u00e0 con \u00fat c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 L\u00ea th\u00e1i h\u1eadu(kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u). - Sinh n\u0103m M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd (1378), l\u00ean ng\u00f4i n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn (1388) \u1edf ng\u00f4i 10 n\u0103m (1388 - 1399), xu\u1ea5t gia theo \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n 1 n\u0103m (1398 - 1399), Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 M\u00e3o (1399), vua b\u1ecb H\u1ed2 Qu\u00fd Ly sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ee9c t\u1eed, th\u1ecd 22 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00e1ng \u1edf n\u00fai Ng\u1ecdc Thanh, th\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1m Thu\u1ef7, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u, (H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng). - Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf ng\u00f4i Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Quang Th\u00e1i (1388 - 1398). 55","12. T r\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ebf (1398 -1400) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u00c1n, l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 (con g\u00e1i H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly), t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2m Th\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu. - Sinh n\u0103m B\u00ednh T\u00fd (1396), l\u00ean ng\u00f4i ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m M\u1eadu D\u1ea7n (1398), \u1edf ng\u00f4i 2 n\u0103m (1398 - 1400). - Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1399, Qu\u00fd Ly b\u1ee9c vua ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t gia th\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, ra \u1ecf qu\u00e1n Ng\u1ecdc Thanh th\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1m Thu\u1ef7 (nay thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh). - Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m Canh Th\u00ecn (1400), b\u1ecb H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf l\u00e0m B\u1ea3o Ninh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0ofng. V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng sau kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m n\u00e0o. - Trong 2 n\u0103m \u1edf ng\u00f4i vua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn T\u00e2n (1^98-1400). 13. Gi\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ebf (1407 - 1409) - T\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4i (c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ef9), l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng, ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 sinh n\u0103m n\u00e0o? - \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1407, khi qu\u00e2n Minh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4i ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y\u00ean (nay thu\u1ed9c Ninh B\u00ecnh). Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m \u0110inh H\u1ee3i (1407), vua l\u00ean ng\u00f4i t\u1ea1i M\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u00f2fng Y\u00ean (nay thu\u1ed9c Y\u00ean M\u00f4 - Ninh B\u00ecnh). V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 vua c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00ean khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ebf. - Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m M\u1eadu T\u00fd (1408), do m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, \u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ng\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean (x\u01b0a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110a C\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 56","nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0ng H\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, - Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 S\u1eedu (1409), vua b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Su\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng. - \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m (1409), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng (l\u00fac n\u00e0y Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Tr\u00f9ng Quang \u0110\u1ebf). - Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 7 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng b\u1ecf thuy\u1ec1n l\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea5n Thi\u00ean Quan (nay l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Nho Quan Ninh B\u00ecnh), vua ng\u1edd th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c sai Nguy\u1ec5n Su\u00fd \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp, vua b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Kim L\u0103ng (nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nam Kinh Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i. - Trong 2 n\u0103m \u1edf ng\u00f4i (1407 - 1409) Gi\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u01b0ng Kh\u00e1nh. 14. Tr\u00f9ng Quang \u0110\u1ebf (Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng) 1409 -1414 - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng (c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ch), l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a M\u1eabn V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ea1c, ch\u00e1u g\u1ecdi Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi Gi\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t, \u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 S\u1eedu (1409) t\u1ea1i Chi La (nay l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh). - M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m Qu\u00fd T\u1ef5 (1413), \u00f4ng \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, \u00f4 n g b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1eaft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m Qu\u00fd T\u1ef5(1413) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m Canh Ng\u1ecd(1414) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn. 57","- Trong th\u1eddi gian 5 n\u0103m \u1edf ng\u00f4i (1409 - 1413), \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Tr\u00f9ng Quang. \u0110\u1ec1n Tr\u00f9ng Hoa m\u00f3d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y hu\u00fd k\u1ef5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n C\u1ed0 Tr\u1ea1ch. 58","CH\u00d9A PH\u1ed4 MINH (Ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p) 1 Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a to\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i th\u00f4n T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c, ph\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ed9c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u0103n bia, s\u1eafc phong... v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi L\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1262. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, qua tam quan ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 sen to\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0o ng\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 xum xu\u00ea. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3y t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n v\u1eadt qu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i khf\u2019 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta x\u01b0a. S\u1ef1 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m bia d\u1ef1ng th\u00f2d L\u00ea C\u1ea3nh Tr\u1ecb (1668) do Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf T\u1eeb S\u01a1n - B\u1eafc Ninh ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCung \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy nga \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u00ecn qu\u00e2n tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef Quy m\u00f4 l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, th\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt tr\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u201d. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5n v\u1eefa t\u1ea1i ncd th\u1edd s\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ghi: \u201cL\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1 h\u01b0ng Mai th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c Tr\u1ea7n gia k \u1ebf th\u1ecbnh Tr\u00fac l\u00e2m c\u00f4ng\u201d 59","D\u1ecbch; (\u0110\u1eddi L\u00fd d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Mai r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m c\u0169ng d\u00e0i). C\u00f2n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n treo t\u1ea1i b\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00f9a ghi: L\u00fd \u0111\u1ec9nh k\u00fd tri\u1ec7u y\u00ean nh\u1ea5t t\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i danh truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o kh\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n th\u00e1p s\u00f9ng k \u1ebf t\u1ef1, ng\u0169 tam linh t\u00edch kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec1n L\u00e2m. (V\u1ea1c L\u00fd m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng truy\u1ec1n x\u01b0a b\u1ea3o kh\u00ed Th\u00e1p Tr\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, n\u0103m ba d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n L\u00e2m)^*^ Ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 2 ha). Ch\u00f9a \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng xa l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m v\u00e0 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng, r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, xa hofn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc l\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, d\u00e2n c\u01b0. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 ao, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng V\u0129nh Giang n\u1ed1i s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng V\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn 3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4ng, b\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n Tr\u00f9ng Quang, Tr\u00f9ng Hoa v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh. Theo quan ni\u1ec7m phong thu\u1ef7 x\u01b0a th\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u2018T\u1ed3ng n\u1eb1m\u201d (Ng\u1ecda long) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t \u201cQuy S\u00e0 ch\u1ea7u b\u00e1i\u201d c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng\u201d. Trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n: S\u00f3ng xanh c\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n s\u01a1n thu\u1ef7 C\u1eeda bi\u1ebfc cung v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111 \u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng Cam qu\u00fdt ngon t\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00e2ng th\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n Thuy\u1ec1n c\u1edd h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh r\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n trang (1) N\u0103m ba: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 5 X 3 = 15. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n. 60","Gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1eeda C\u1ea3o thuy\u1ec1n tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5u s\u00f4ng Vinh \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00edn tr\u00f9ng. S\u00f4ng Vinh, c\u1eeda C\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng V\u0129nh g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i cung Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u1eeda C\u1ea3o hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea3o M\u00f4n nay thu\u1ed9c L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n, H\u00e0 Nam). \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p; \u201cN\u0103m 1262.... M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng hai..., Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cung T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c... \u0110\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, cung g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u00f9ng Quang l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y ri\u00eang khu \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c cho vua n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i ng\u1ef1 khi v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cung Tr\u00f9ng Hoa. L\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y cung Tr\u00f9ng Quang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i cung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o, theo tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng thcd ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau kinh \u0111\u00f4 Th\u0103ng Long. (Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ef1) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a d\u00e0nh cho Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a v\u1eabn l\u00e0 di t\u00edch c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng. Trong t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ebd n\u0103m 1470 th\u00ec S\u01a1n Nam th\u1eeba tuy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m 9 ph\u1ee7, 36 huy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i danh lam. Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c c\u1ed5 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ch\u00f9a ph\u1ed5 Minh l\u00e0 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ed1 63. B\u1ed9 V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Th\u00f4ng tin x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u0103m 1962 theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 313. Tr\u1ea3i qua g\u1ea7n 750 n\u0103m v\u1edbi bao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng tu b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n: - T\u1eebth\u1ebfk\u1ef7: XVI, XVII, XVIII Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 61","tu b\u1ed5 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 di t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1n Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2m h\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng tu b\u1ed5 ch\u00f9a. D\u00f2ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n kh\u1eafc \u1edf c\u00e2y ho\u00e0nh to\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ghi: \u201cPh\u1ee5ng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 Th\u00e1i b\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n, ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2m, t\u00edn th\u00ed thi\u1ebft l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c tam th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u\u201d. (Ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9i k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e1i b\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n, ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa t\u00ean M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2m c\u00fang d\u00e2ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tu s\u1eeda 36 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 lim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn). - Ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0o n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ednh T\u00fd (1876). - Th\u1eddi Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i (1889 - 1907) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eeda ch\u00f9a. - Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1915 - 1920 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1eeda ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 cho tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa l\u00ean th\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1 ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean g\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00e1p. - N\u0103m 1961 Ty v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1edbn, x\u00e2y 2 nh\u00e0 bia. - N\u0103m 1987 tu b\u1ed5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh. Trong \u0111\u1ee3t tu s\u1eeda n\u0103m 1987 S\u1edf V\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u00f4ng tin H\u00e0 Nam c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e2y th\u00e1p. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00e1p (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y si m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed3i t\u1eeb k\u1ebd th\u00e1p. Nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a c\u00f9ng v\u00f3d ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eafc \u0111\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7t s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i d\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u00e2y v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t 62","tri\u00e9n. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n k\u1ebd n\u1ee9t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn do g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y l\u1edbn l\u00ean, nguy c\u01a1 3 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh, S\u1edf V\u0103n ho\u00e1 h\u1ee3p v\u00f3i x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p tu s\u1eeda ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t quay v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. B\u00f3c h\u1ebft l\u1edbp r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebd g\u1ea1ch, ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y si v\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i th\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u0169. N\u0103m 1993 - 1995, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p do ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n kh\u1ed1i EC (c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i V\u00f4 V\u1ecb L\u1ee3i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 tu s\u1eeda 16 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh: + Tam quan. + Hai nh\u00e0 bia. + C\u00e2y th\u00e1p. + Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u00eau h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. + T\u1ea3 vu. + H\u1eefu vu. + Th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa M\u1ea1c. + C\u1ea7u quan \u00e2m, s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn. + Hai gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5, t\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng... Qua c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n tu s\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u so v\u00f3i b\u1ea3y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy v\u1eady d\u1ea5u t\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00f9a c\u00f2n 96 ch\u00e2n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea1m hoa sen. \u1edf c\u1ed5ng tam quan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quanh ch\u00e2n th\u00e1p c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4i s\u00f3c \u0111\u00e1 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 b\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u00f2fng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng 63","con r\u1ed3ng th\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh m\u1eadp m\u1ea1p, u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef s nh\u1eb9 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n to, m\u00f3ng kho\u1ebb. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Minh c\u01b0a m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi theo ch\u00fang th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201c\u0110\u1ebf\u201dm\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4i! R\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf. N\u0103m 1996 - 1998 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf hai \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eb7p r\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u1edf ch\u00f9a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai b\u1ed9 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u1edf gian ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. Trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trang tr\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng hoa v\u0103n s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 hoa l\u00e1. Hai c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u, ph\u00eda trong c\u00f3 hai con r\u1ed3ng u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u00f2fng n\u00e9t ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc chau chu\u1ed1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. R\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trang tr\u00ed ta th\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0 quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh. Th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 b\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. 2 - Th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh: S\u00e1ch Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00f4 n Ng\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1893 \u201cTh\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh, cao 14 t\u1ea7ng, 12 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch, d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1, cao 5 64","C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh (TK XIII) (\u1ea2nh: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u01b0)","Ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh ph\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ed9c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh (\u1ea2nh: Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng)","tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng 3 th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n vu\u00f4ng v\u1ee9c 1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1edf b\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1, l\u1ea5y d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p\u201d S\u00e1ch Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed ch\u00e9p: \u201cD\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f4ng L\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ebfn kho \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00fai mang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i v\u1ea1c n\u1eb7ng 1.000 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ea1c Ph\u1ed5 Minh\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam. L\u00fac L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a, t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 Minh l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng v\u00ec thua tr\u1eadn \u1edf T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n kh\u00ed, m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 v\u1ea1c \u1ea5y ra l\u00e0m s\u00fang, Nay x\u00e9t t\u1ea5m bia \u1edf ch\u00f9a (d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m C\u1ea3nh Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng): \u201cR\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1ng nguy nga, trong c\u00f3 v\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e2n, quy m\u00f4 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3 cao h\u01a1n tr\u0103m th\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ghi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111cd T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea5n T\u00fac \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5ng. Khi d\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5\u00edn l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ecf bay l\u00ean tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi kinh s\u1ee3 li\u1ec1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u0169. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00e2y th\u00e1p: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e1p: Th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Hi\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ba c\u00e2y th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u00f2i Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 minh, th\u00e1p Hu\u1ec7 Quang v\u00e0 th\u00e1p B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n. Th\u00e1p Hu\u1ed9 Quang l\u00e0 th\u00e1p t\u1ed5 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 6 t\u1ea7ng (1) B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00fd l\u00e0: - Th\u00e1p B\u00e1o Thi\u00ean cao 70m - Chu\u00f4ng Quy \u0110i\u1ec1n n\u1eb7ng 7 t\u1ea5n \u1edf ch\u00f9a M\u1ed9t C\u1ed9t (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) - T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9a Qu\u1ef3nh L\u00e2m (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh) cao tr\u00ean 20m. - V\u1ea1c Ph\u1ed5 Minh s\u00e2u 4 th\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1eb7ng 1000 c\u00e2n 65","cao lOm, \u1edf t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 2 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ed3i theo th\u1ebf thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e1p B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1p Then thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn th\u00f4n B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n, x\u00e3 Tam S\u01a1n, huy\u1ec7n L\u1eadp Th\u1ea1ch, t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Th\u00e1p d\u1ef1ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda ch\u00f9a V\u0129nh Kh\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Then. Do th\u00e1p b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng m\u1ea5y t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 11 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 th\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i tu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973. Th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa khu nh\u00e0 b\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 8,6m v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 0,45m. Th\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. B\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p x\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 xanh m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho m\u00f3ng th\u00e1p. T\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch nung \u0111\u1ecf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ed5 c\u1eeda b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t, g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 56 c\u1eeda. C\u00e1c v\u00f2m c\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung. T\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2m c\u1eeda n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u1eb3n l\u00ean c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao l,29m, r\u1ed9ng 0,11m n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra v\u00e0o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf cao k\u1ebb b\u00e0n c\u1edd ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf\u00edm \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ebb h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ch\u1ea1m hai con r\u1ed3ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n ng\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. \u1edf ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh x\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 g\u00e1c ngang tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t \u1edf b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c. Thanh x\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111ua ra ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n cong, xo\u1eafn l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m m\u00e2y. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thanh x\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 ki\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00f3i truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y th\u00e1p l\u00ean. 66","Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng cong l\u00ean v\u1ec1 hai ph\u00eda. \u0110\u1ed9 cong n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0cmg do \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u00fan \u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng \u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00ec \u1edf b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0 cho hom m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c t\u1ea7ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cong nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y th\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111ang n\u1edf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 13 t\u1ea7ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1ch nung gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i. Ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed1p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp g\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ecf. C\u1ea1nh ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed7i vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac. Tuy ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc v\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nung nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh trang tr\u00ed v\u1eabn m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1t, c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng m\u00e1i ch\u00f9a c\u1ed5 r\u00eau phong l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1p c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao l\u1eabn chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t th\u00e1p c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7n. Tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00e2y th\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e1 hoa sen ch\u01b0a n\u1edf (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 h\u1ed3 l\u00f4) b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung gi\u00e0. C\u00e2y th\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean th\u00e1p long v\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i ra ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n kho\u00e9t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chim v\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i m\u1ecdc b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. L\u1ea7n tu s\u1eeda ch\u00f9a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1916 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 cho v\u00edt nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean th\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y th\u00e1p nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao 19,5Im g\u1ed3m 14 t\u1ea7ng: v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 \u00f4ng cha \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn con 67","s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb: 3, 5, 9, 11, 13... \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 gian, s\u1ed1 b\u1eadc l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ed1 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0... Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i 14 t\u1ea7ng? B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: Th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng. Vua cha Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u00e0m th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u1ecf ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u00f2fng v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ee3i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn tu luy\u1ec7n, sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u00e0o tu luy\u1ec7n \u1edf am Th\u00e1i Vi (thu\u1ed9c Hoa L\u01b0- Ninh B\u00eci\u1ee9i). Sau, Ng\u01b0\u00f2d ra Y\u00ean T\u1eed tu luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb s\u01b0 t\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua anh minh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean khi vua Tr\u1ea7n Ai\u1ee9i T\u00f4ng cho x\u00e2y b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i vua cha \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn con s\u1ed1 13 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u00f3i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p l\u00e0m kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd vua cha, c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 14 t\u1ea7ng. M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa n\u00eau ra \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u00f2i x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u201cti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n\u201dnh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 14 \u0111\u1eddi vua n\u00ean m\u00f3i x\u00e2y th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh \u1edf ch\u00f9a c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng cao 14 t\u1ea7ng? Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean th\u00e1p: a) Hoa sen: \u1edf t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u00f3i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh sen 2 l\u1edbp: l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00fap xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1edbp tr\u00ean ng\u1eeda l\u00ean. B\u00ean trong c\u00e1nh sen c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u00f3c c\u00e2u, b\u00f4ng hoa n\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hoa d\u00e2y xo\u1eafn v\u00e0o nhau. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh sen ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn theo g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1nh hoa ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp xen k\u1ebd c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh 68","hoa ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hai ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00e1nh. L\u1edbp c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n. Hoa sen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. B\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t th\u00e1p \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh sen n\u1ecf r\u1ed9 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u00f3. B\u00f4ng hoa sen n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng \u1ecf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u0103ng hoa v\u0103n s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc \u1edf ch\u00e2n th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1 sen v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean n\u1edf ra. b) Hoa c\u00fac: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ch\u1ea1y v\u00f2ng quanh th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng trang tr\u00ed g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 bao l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa to n\u1eb1m \u1ecf gi\u1eefa. C\u00e1nh hoa ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc bct\u00ec 2 l\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf chen ch\u00fac nhau, x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n cong l\u00ean. Hoa c\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, l\u00e2u t\u00e0n v\u00e0 khi t\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng c\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 h\u00e9o \u0111i, h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00fac thoang tho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eef m\u00f9i. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ednh thanh \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea9n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady hoa c\u00fac g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. D\u01b0\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n tuy Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nho gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. C\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1eeda kh\u1ed5ng s\u00e2n tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 dung ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tam gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean Nho - Ph\u1eadt - L\u00e3o c) C\u1ecf b\u1ed3: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0cd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ecf linh chi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf th\u00e1p. Cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 l\u00e0 hoa v\u0103n xo\u1eafn v\u1ec1 2 ph\u00eda r\u1ed3i to\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ra hai b\u00ean. Th\u00e2n l\u00e1 m\u1eadp, hai l\u1edbp l\u00e1 nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdc ken d\u00e0y. T\u1eebng c\u00e1nh l\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1t cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, ph\u1ea7n \u1edf 2 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00ecnh to r\u1ed3i 69","u\u1ed1n cong t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n. T\u1eebng c\u00e1nh l\u00e1 ri\u00eang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n cong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh, cho n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc trang tr\u00ed \u1ecf th\u00e2n th\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n mong cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. d) S\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u1edf t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n c\u1ed9t g c\u00f3 2 l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng, do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb song song u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Hai l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f4 cao nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y n\u00e2\u00fam, do ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u1eaft v\u00e0o \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, nh\u00f4 ra \u1edf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa r\u1ed3i th\u1eaft l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh. Sau l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, xa d\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn, s\u00f3ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda sau. \u0111) M\u00e2y tr\u1eddi: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng d\u00e0i, qu\u1ea5n quanh ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1. \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m m\u00e2y nh\u1ecf xo\u1eafn x\u00edt l\u1ea5y nhau, c\u1ee5m m\u00e2y n\u00e0y chen v\u00e0o c\u1ee5m m\u00e2y kia \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m m\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn. Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1p ph\u00eda tr\u00ean trang tr\u00ed m\u00e2y tr\u1eddi, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ngay trong l\u00f2ng th\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 nh\u00f4 cao, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt (nay l\u00e0 b\u00e0n c\u1edd). \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca khi m\u1edbi gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cThi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1 duy ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n\u201d (tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ta l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t). 70","e) Con r\u1ed3ng: T\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n trong m\u1ed9t khung tr\u00f2n. Con r\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt thi\u00eang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3 mang nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a r\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, m\u00ecnh m\u1eadp kho\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p N\u0103m 1993 tr\u00f9ng tu s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1edbn ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed1ng l\u00fan c\u00e2y th\u00e1p. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t do c\u00f4ng ty li\u00ean doanh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc hay m\u00f3ng b\u00e8. \u0110\u00e1y th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p k\u00edn m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 5,50m X 5,50m. \u0110\u00e1y n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng gia c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ecfi tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u1ed9n ch\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u00e9 t\u00edch 7,10 X 7,10 X 2,40m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 2,40m tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t pha c\u00e1t tuy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u00f9n do b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ed7 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 35% v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e2y th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean 700 n\u0103m qua c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y th\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00fan c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed9ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p so v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y th\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 0,06 \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gia c\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong khi thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ed5 Minh l\u00e0 th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c, ph\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ed9c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng 71","Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tu \u1edf ch\u00f9a Y\u00ean T\u1eed (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh) l\u00fac m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ho\u1ea3 t\u00e1ng. X\u00e1 l\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a vua (nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean tro x\u00e1c) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 21 vi\u00ean, \u0111em 7 vi\u00ean an t\u00e1ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a Y\u00ean T\u1eed v\u00e0 7 vi\u00ean an t\u00e1ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ea3 L\u1ea1i (H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng) ncd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n 7 vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c. Vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng con trai c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e1 l\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a cha x\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed9t h\u00f2m \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ca: \u201c D\u00f9 ai tranh b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1eabm xin g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y\u201d T\u1ea1i to\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh c\u00f3 th\u1edd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m tam t\u1ed5, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00e1p Loa v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Huy\u1ec1n Quang v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c to b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt theo th\u1ebf \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng t\u1ea1c theo th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i lm72 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 m\u00edt s\u01a1n son th\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng tay quay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, tay ph\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3 tr\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p noi ch\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 so v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a kh\u00e1c. Ban th\u1edd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ecfng \u201cPh\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u201cnh\u01b0 c\u00e1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u00f3i c\u1ed1i\u201d \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb l\u1edbn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c gia cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \\\"nh\u01b0 c\u00e1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed1 i\u201d. Tay ph\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tay ch\u1ee7 lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2d (nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf) lo cho 72","qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh tan gi\u1eb7c, Ng\u01b0\u00f2i lo vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00f3t ch\u00fang sinh. Tay tr\u00e1i lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 1 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 trong n\u1ed9i dung v\u0103n bia c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi t\u00ecm g\u1ed1c to, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, t\u00f4 v\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0 sen...\u201d T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n - m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao v\u1ec1 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng... Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean (sau) t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tam t\u1ed5 Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch - ca M\u00e2u - ni, Ca Di\u1ebfp, A Nan. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd t\u1ea1i to\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y: \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1i th\u1ebf Th\u00edch ca M\u00e2u ni \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p loa l\u00e0 T\u00e1i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ca Di\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ec7 tam t\u1ed5 Huy\u1ec1n Quang l\u00e0 t\u00e1i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a A Nan. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e2y th\u00e1p c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u00f2d Tr\u1ea7n, \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00f9a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00f3i 120 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng do th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 50 pho trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao nh\u01b0 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u0103n Th\u00f9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n... \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2n dung b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1p m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tu h\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p mang t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. T\u1ea5in bia \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn kh\u1eafc n\u0103m L\u00ea C\u1ea3nh Tr\u1ecb th\u1ee9 6 (1668) d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 bia ch\u00f9a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho s\u1eed s\u1ed1ng ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. 73","Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh tr\u1ea3i qua g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00ean d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau nh\u01b0ng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 phai m\u1edd. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u201cn\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng, ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d. Bao g\u1ed3m: Tam quan, nh\u00e0 bia, th\u00e1p, b\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u00eau h\u01b0omg, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5, h\u00e0nh lang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quy m\u00f4 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed2 B\u00c0I TR\u00cd TU\u1ee2NG V\u00c0 S\u1ef1TH\u1edc PH\u1ee4NG T\u1ea0I CHUA PH\u1ed4 MINH. - T\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: \u00a9\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ra hai b\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau: - T\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 6: H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Theo d\u00e2n gian \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u00c1c ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Khuy\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng Tr\u1eebng \u00c1c (khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c gi\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi 74","phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u01b0\u00f5d s\u01b0 t\u1eed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng 2 gian b\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0cmg B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma (Bodhi dh rma) hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1ed5 T\u00e2y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 4, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u0103ng th\u1ee9 28 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u1ea4 i \u0110\u1ed9. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 520 ng\u00e0i theo thuy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Thi\u1ebfu L\u00e2m tr\u00ean n\u00fai Tung Sofn. Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebfu L\u00e2m v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, m\u1eb7t vu\u00f4ng, m\u0169i cao r\u00e2u quai n\u00f3n - ria - r\u00e2u c\u1eb1m r\u1eadm xo\u0103n, d\u00e1ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n \u0111i gi\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean khoanh l\u1ea1i, \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa tr\u00f9ng. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 7. Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf, hai ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, hai tay \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean hai g\u1ed1i, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, r\u00e2u d\u00e0i b\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 \u201cph\u1ed1c\u201d, m\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111ai v\u00e0 d\u00e2y th\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i bu\u00f4ng d\u00e0i. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4 n g \u1ecf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 1 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb h\u01a1n, r\u00e2u \u0111en, m\u1ed9t tay \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, m\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3. Hai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ef1c S\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4 n g \u0111ang ch\u1eafp tay qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng hai b\u00ean \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 2 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 3. Hai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 trang ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nhau; Qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i, \u00e1o ng\u1eafn c\u1ed9c tay c\u00f3 th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng b\u00f3 g\u1ecdn d\u00e1ng kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba \u1edf v\u1eca tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 8. 75","Hai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kim \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ecba \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u00f4' 9 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 10, t\u1ea1c \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u00e1o d\u00e0i tay, hai tay ch\u1eafp h\u1ea7u cung k\u00ednh. H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG TU\u1ee2NG \u1edf THI\u00caU HU\u01a0NG (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam b\u1ea3o) - T\u1ea1i to\u00e0 tam b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 20 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh 7 l\u1edbp tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 x\u00e2y tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed2 B\u00c0I TR\u00cd T\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1ea0I TAM B\u1ea2O. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng tam th\u1ebf T\u01b0\u1ee3ng tam th\u1ebf T\u01b0\u01a1ng tam th\u1ebf Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u2019 Vi lai 2 1 3 T\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Th\u00f9 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00edch Ca T\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n 5 4 6 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m T\u01b0\u01a1ng Di L\u0103c T\u01b0cmg Quan \u00c2m toa s\u01a1n 7 toa s\u01a1n '8 9 T\u01b0\u01a1ng PhamThi\u00ean T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan \u00c3m Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch li 10 12 T\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u T\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngoe Ho\u00e0ng T\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam T\u00e0o 14 13 15 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng To\u00e0 C\u1eedu Long T\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t 17 16 18 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngoe n\u1eef T\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngoe n\u1eef 19 20 76","+ L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tam Th\u1ebf: l\u00e0 ba pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0 sen. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho hi\u00ean di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba th\u00e8d: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao - r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean b\u1ed9 ba t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tam Th\u1ebf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Q\u00faa kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt A - Di - \u0110\u00e0 (c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1eadt Ca Di\u1ebfp), hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, t\u01b0ofng lai l\u00e0 ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c. V\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba pho \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh (\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00fat Th\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang gi\u01a1 m\u1ed9t tay xo\u00e8 ng\u00f3n tr\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n \u00fat - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111ang thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd). C\u00e1c pho Tam th\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3c xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c n\u00ean d\u00e2n gian g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ee5t \u1ed1c\u201d. Sau l\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea1c v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang, ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh m\u00e2y, hoa l\u00e1 tinh t\u1ebf. + L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Di \u0110\u00e0 Tam T\u00f4n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tam th\u00e1nh) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ba pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 5 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb Th\u00edch Ca s\u01a1 sinh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 ngay ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng Tam th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u00edt khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Pho ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Ca gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 (s\u1ed1 4), t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eaby \u0111\u00e0, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u (nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf) n\u1ed5i cao, t\u00f3c xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, trang ph\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Quan \u00c2m to\u1ea1 s\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n, d\u00e1ng ng\u1ed3i to\u1ea1 thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0 sen, hai tay l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nhau, hai ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i ch\u1ea1m nhau theo th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5n. hai b\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u0103n Th\u00f9 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n (c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u0111ang l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho Ph\u1eadt). 77","+ L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 ba Di L\u1eb7c (7) v\u00e0 2 pho Quan \u00c2m to\u1ea1 s\u01a1n (s\u1ed1 8 v\u00e0 9) Di L\u1eb7c; l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt V\u1ecb lai, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t: \u201cDi L\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh\u201d ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m vui, no \u0111\u1ee7, thanh th\u1ea3n, h\u1ebft \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng ng\u1ed3i \u00e1o h\u1edf ng\u1ef1c, b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 vai, mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ec9 h\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t tay ch\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau, m\u1ed9t tay \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n co l\u00ean, d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb v\u00f4 t\u01b0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i th\u1eadt an l\u1ea1c. Hai pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t hai b\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng Di L\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m to\u1ea1 s\u01a1n (Quan \u00c2m ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean n\u00fai). C\u1ea3 hai pho \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t n\u1eef t\u00ednh, m\u0169 m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ee5p kh\u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ed5 \u0111eo v\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee5ng, l\u1edbp \u00e1o trong c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n, hai ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai. M\u1ed7i pho kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat: Pho b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam trang h\u01a1n, pho b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ea7m h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc tr\u00f2n. + L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ec1 (s\u1ed1 10), Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch (s\u1ed1 11 v\u00e0 12); T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. Quan \u00c2m (t\u1ee9c Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u0110\u1ea1i bi, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Quan \u00c2m. Ngay \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m. Theo Kinh Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu Quan \u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ba m\u1eb7t, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tay th\u00ec l\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ec1. Ph\u1eadt b\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m Ngh\u00ecn M\u1eaft ngh\u00ecn Tay (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m Thi\u00ean th\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 78","m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m. Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu luy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u1eabn nghe v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfng than kh\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00ean ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00fac v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i quay xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0ofn t\u1edbi kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdc ra ng\u00e0n c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7, Ng\u00e0i m\u1edf ra ng\u00e0n con m\u1eaft trong ng\u00e0n l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ec1 \u1edf ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p ng\u1ed3i khoanh ch\u00e2n x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i sen c\u00f3 ba l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh: khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 Thi\u00ean quan, v\u00e0nh c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed c\u1ea7u k\u00ec, c\u1ed5 \u0111eo v\u00f2ng trang s\u1ee9c, \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh tay thon th\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 hai tay ch\u1eafp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c, hai tay l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f2ng, hai tay \u00fap l\u00ean g\u1ed1i, ch\u00edn \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng to\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean tr\u00ean. + L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng, Nam T\u00e0o, B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u (s\u1ed1 13, 14, 15) Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng, Nam T\u00e0o, B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u1eefong c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng: \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf gi\u1eefa mang th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng phi, r\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai r\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 \u201cb\u00ecnh thi\u00ean\u201d, \u00e1o ho\u00e0ng b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n ve \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 r\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed9n, h\u1ed5 ph\u00f9,... T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nam T\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, trang ph\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau: th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh to b\u00e9o, \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean 79","gh\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 \u201cc\u00e1nh chu\u1ed3n\u201d, \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n trang tr\u00ed \u0111orn gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t tay \u00fap l\u00ean g\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t tay ng\u1eeda c\u1ea7m s\u1ed5 \u201cSinh\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ed5 \u201cT\u1eed\u201d . + L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u: T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eedu Long, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (s\u1ed1 16, 17, 18). T\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1eedu Long (Th\u00edch Ca s\u01a1 sinh) l\u00e0 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 m\u1edbi sinh ra, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i li\u1ec1n 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 tay tr\u00e1i l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 tay ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o; \u201cThi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1, duy ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n\u201d (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u00f3i d\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ta l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t). \u0110\u1ed3ng thcd l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 9 con r\u1ed3ng t\u1edbi phun n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eafm, ch\u01b0 ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0 th\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng. V\u00ec v\u1eady quanh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Ca s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 9 con r\u1ed3ng u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac nh\u00f4 ra c\u00f9ng 18 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n H\u1ed9 v\u1ec7,... v\u00e2y xung quanh. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed2 T\u00e1t ng\u1ed3i khoanh ch\u00e2n x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 sen hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh tr\u01a1n, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ph\u00fac h\u1eadu, m\u1ed9t tay \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t tay \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. L\u1edbp \u00e1o \u1edf ngo\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ed5 \u00e1o r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee5ng, l\u1edbp \u00e1o trong c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 tr\u00f2n, v\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1i v\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh ng\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng. Theo h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m. + L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y: T\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai v\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc N\u1eef (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb Gi\u1ea3) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, d\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p, trang ph\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh thon l\u1eb3n, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn, v\u00e0nh m\u0169 cao h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p, c\u1ed5 tr\u00f2n, xi\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f3p c\u00f3 th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u00f4ng r\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i. Hai tay c\u00e1c Ng\u1ecdc N\u1eef c\u1ea7m hoa sen. 80","s \u01a1 \u0110 \u1ed3 B\u00c0I TR\u00cd T\u01af\u1ee2NG TH\u1edc TR\u00caN TO\u00c0 TH\u01af\u1ee2NG \u0110I\u1ec6N Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u ni \u00a9 An Nan Ca Di\u1ebfp \u00a9 Ph\u00e1p Lx>a Huy\u1ec1n Quang \u00a9 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u00a9 S \u01a1 \u0110\u1ed2 B\u00c0I TR\u00cd TH\u1edc T \u1ef1T\u1ea0 I H\u1eacU \u0110I\u1ec6N. Kh\u00e2m T\u1eeb Ph\u00fac Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7n su\u00fd Ho\u00e0ng h\u00e2u ch\u00faa Mac Ngoe L\u00e2m phu nh\u00e2n \u00a9 \u00ae \u00a9 H\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n H\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n \u00a9 \u00a9 81","s \u01a1 \u0110 \u1ed3 B \u00c0 I T R \u00cd T H \u1edc T \u1ea0 I P H \u1ee6 M\u1eaaU: - Tam to\u00e0 th\u00e1nh m\u1eabu: (1.2.3) m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ec7 tam thu\u1ef7 cung. - Ng\u0169 v\u1ecb t\u00f4n \u00f4ng: (4. 5. 6. 7. 8) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 v\u1ecb quan l\u1edbn (H\u00e0ng quan) g\u1ecdi t\u00ean t\u1eeb quan \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0110\u1ec7 ng\u0169. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a quan Ho\u00e0ng M\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con s\u1ed1 5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 2 c\u1ee7a con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y: Quan \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, Quan \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb.C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n Quan \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 quan. Quan \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0n. + Quan \u0110\u1ec7 Tam (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng B\u01a1) \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd ch\u00ednh \u1edf Ninh Giang (t\u1ee9c L\u1ea3nh Giang - H\u00e0 Nam). T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng B\u01a1 l\u00e0 con vua B\u00e1t h\u1ea3i Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng. + Quan \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1ee9. C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n. + Quan \u0110\u1ec7 Ng\u0169: C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quan Tu\u1ea7n (quan l\u1edbn Tu\u1ea7n Tranh) \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1edd \u1edf s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f2 Tranh (H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng). Quan Tu\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c t\u00edch l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn th\u1ea7n \u1edf s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f2 Tranh (H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn \u1edf kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3). - Quan Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ee5c: T\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c Minh. 82","- Quan Ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3y (\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o H\u00e0) l\u00e0 vi\u00ean quan tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng Lao Cai, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i. - \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng B\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi N\u00f9ng. - \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng M\u01b0\u1eddi; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n quan th\u1eddi L\u00ea, g\u1ed1c \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1edf B\u1ebfn Thu\u1ef7. :\u2022 Vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd t\u1ef1 \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh th\u1edd \u201cTr\u00fac L\u00e2m tam t\u1ed5\u201d, bao g\u1ed3m \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed3ng Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Loa thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0, \u0110\u1ec7 tam t\u1ed5 L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0. V\u1eca t\u1ed5 th \u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: T r\u00fac L\u00e2m \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 T r\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1279 -1293) Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2m, Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Kim, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean C\u1ea3m Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu. Sinh ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd (1258) c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, d\u00e1ng m\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng vai b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed1t ru\u1ed3i \u0111en t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 Kim ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n. Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf v\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng minh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. Ch\u1ecdn L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n^^^ l\u00e0m Thi\u1ebfu s\u01b0 ki\u00eam ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed cung gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf mang. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o do v\u1eady Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ead g\u1ed1c an d\u00e2n. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua cha truy\u1ec1n (1) \u00f4 n g v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd L\u00ea t\u00f4n T\u1ea7n. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean - M\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u01b0ong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ban l\u00e0 L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5 Tr\u1eb3n v\u00e0 g\u1ea3 L\u00fd Chi\u00eau Ho\u00e0ng cho. 83","ng\u00f4i n\u0103m (1279) l\u00e0m vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14 n\u0103m, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean - M\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3. D\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng c\u00f3 2 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia c\u1ed5 kim \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: - T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Than c\u1eed nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi \u0111i tr\u1ea5n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. - T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u1ea1i th\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec7n Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, v\u1ed1n s\u1ea9n l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1287 . Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129 truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng t\u00f4n Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129 l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng quy Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i ph\u00fa: \u201cC\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d M\u00ecnh ng\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb N\u1ebft dung son l\u00e2m ...Mu\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eb7ng an nh\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh N\u1eeda ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. N\u0103m 1293, khi non n\u01b0\u1edbc thanh b\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i cho Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng, l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u1eeba lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eeba ch\u0103m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o theo tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. N\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Ng\u1ecd (1294) th\u00e1ng 7 xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea1i V\u0169 L\u00e2m (Y\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh - Ninh B\u00ecnh). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p Ai Lao x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. 84","- N\u0103m \u1ea4t M\u00f9i (1295) th\u00e1ng 2 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean do L\u00fd H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Ti\u00ean Th\u00e1i Thanh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u00e1ng 6 t\u1eeb V\u0169 L\u00e2m v\u1ec1 kinh th\u1ea3o t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u m\u1eebng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Th\u00e0nh T\u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u xin \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh Trung Hoa. - N\u0103m K\u1ef7 H\u1ee3i (1299) th\u00e1ng 5 t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0cmg l\u00ean Th\u0103ng Long b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p vua Anh T\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u S\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tru\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i. Sau vua Anh T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd nho sinh \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1 t\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng m\u1edbi tha. Th\u00e1ng 7 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng am ng\u1ef1 D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01a1n tr\u00ean n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed. Th\u00e1ng 8 t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t gia chuy\u00ean tu theo h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0 (Kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh) tr\u00ean n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed trong kho\u1ea3ng 18 th\u00e1ng. N\u0103m T\u00e2n S\u1eedu (1301) m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb vua b\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p danh \u0110i\u1ec1n Ng\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng. S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00fa \u0110\u1eafc th\u00fa L\u00e2m tuy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ca. X\u00fac ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Y\u00ean T\u1eed mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00e1c n\u01a1i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1, khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ebfn Am Tri Ki\u1ebfn, thu\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea1i B\u1ed1 Ch\u00ednh (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh). B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e2n du c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng sang t\u1edbi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n) th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0cmg. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee9a g\u1ea3 Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa cho Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n, Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n c\u00fang h\u1ee9a d\u00e2ng 2 Ch\u00e2u \u1ed3 v\u00e0 L\u00fd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u0103m Qu\u00fd M\u00e3o, H\u01b0ng Long th\u1ee9 11 (1303), m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, ng\u00e0y 15 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf h\u1ed9i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 Minh, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng kinh 85","gi\u1edbi th\u00ed, Tr\u00e1c t\u00edch t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a S\u00f9ng Nghi\u00eam, Ch\u00ed Linh \u0111\u1ec3 xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i x\u1ee9 sang Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh. N\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Th\u00ecn (1304) \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 d\u1ea1y d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh (th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n), d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd b\u1eady b\u1ea1, m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan (d\u00e2m t\u1eeb). M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng trao truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t cho vua Anh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. N\u0103m B\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd (1306) th\u00e1ng 6 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n cho ch\u00faa Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp 2 ch\u00e2u \u00d4 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u L\u00fd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Ho\u00e1. N\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n (1308) th\u00e1ng 11 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, vua b\u1ee5t Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i Am Ng\u1ecda V\u00e2n, n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed th\u1ecd 51 tu\u1ed5i. Sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea3 t\u00e1ng. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1 l\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a vua. \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 21 vi\u00ean, 7 vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i Y\u00ean T\u1eed (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh), 7 vi\u00ean t\u00e1ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ea3 L\u1ea1i (H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng) c\u00f2n 7 vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c. Vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e1 l\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a cha v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00f2m \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong th\u00e1p Ph\u1ed5 Minh, \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n gian c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u ca dao: \u201cD\u00f9 ai tranh b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1eabm xin g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y\u201d V\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai: Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Loa (1284 -1330) T\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Loa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5ng Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m 1284, t\u1ea1i th\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3ng Ho\u00e0, h\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu La nay 86","thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 \u00e1i Qu\u1ed1c huy\u1ec7n Nam Thanh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 V\u0169 Th\u1ecb sinh t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 thai l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n b\u00e0 t\u00ecm thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1 thai nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi sinh con trai b\u00e8n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5ng Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi \u0110\u1ed3ng Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00e0, m\u00e3i l\u00e2u m\u1edbi t\u1ea3n \u0111i. L\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng tu h\u00e0nh. Trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111i chu du thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, qua h\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu La, \u0110\u1ed3ng Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1i y\u1ebft v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o, sau n\u00e0y \u1eaft c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed\u201d b\u00e8n nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 ban cho t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n Lai. Thi\u1ec7n Lai tu h\u00e0nh ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u01b0 h\u1ea7u b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed7i khi l\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 1306, t\u1ea1i t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n K\u1ef3 L\u00e2n (C\u00f4n S\u01a1n) \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n cho gi\u1edbi Thanh V\u0103n v\u00e0 B\u1ed5 T\u00e1t, Thi\u1ec7n Lai l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 ban cho thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Loa. T\u1ea1i am Ng\u1ecda V\u00e2n n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed, \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y y b\u00e1t (kh\u0103n \u00e1o nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt) c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u00e2m th\u01b0 trao cho Ph\u00e1p Loa. Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 1 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m H\u01b0ng Long th\u1ee9 16 (1308), t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Si\u00eau Lo\u1ea1i (H\u00e0 B\u1eafc), \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 trao quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf cho Ph\u00e1p Loa c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quan c\u00f9ng t\u0103ng ni. Ph\u00e1p Loa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi 25 tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m \u1ea5y \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u1edf Y\u00ean T\u1eed. H\u01a1n hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m. Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Loa \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00fac chu\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u0103ng ni, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1p Loa c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec 87","in b\u1ed9 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng, \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do Ph\u00e1p Loa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y nh\u01b0: Ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p \u1edf C\u00f4n S\u01a1n, ch\u00f9a Thanh Mai, H\u1ed3 Thi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Qu\u1ef3nh L\u00e2m (\u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1300, Ph\u00e1p Loa v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ef3nh L\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec7nh. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u00e1p Loa l\u1ea5y \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m trao cho Huy\u1ec1n Quang, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf n\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m. V\u1eca t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 ba: Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Quang Huy\u1ec1n Quang t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00fd, qu\u00ea \u1edf x\u00e3 V\u1ea1n T\u1ef1, huy\u1ec7n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, nay thu\u1ed9c Gia L\u01b0\u01a1ng (H\u00e0 B\u1eafc). Cha l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 T\u1ed5, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh sang ta qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m quan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean, xem s\u00e1ch hay, truy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1. B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i sinh h\u1ea1 L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i. L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o k\u00ec d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i thi h\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m sau thi h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u (Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129). L\u00fac c\u00f2n ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1m h\u1ecfi v\u1ee3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ebfn khi thi \u0111\u1ed7 th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i, c\u1ea3 vua Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ca dao: \u201cKh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ai nh\u00ecn \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ed7 tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean! \u201d L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n L\u00e2m, so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n th\u01b0, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 T\u00e0u, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn kinh ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00f4ng theo vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a V\u0129nh Nghi\u00eam, g\u1eb7p l\u00fac Qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Loa \u0111ang thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb quan 88","v\u00e0 xin xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua thu\u1eadn t\u00ecnh. N\u0103m 1305, L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu h\u00e0nh \u1edf ch\u00f9a L\u1ec5 V\u0129nh, l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u00e3o Ph\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Loa, r\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec \u1edf ch\u00f9a V\u00e2n Y\u00ean (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hoa Y\u00ean) tr\u00ean n\u00fai Y\u00ean T\u1eed. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ni theo h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p Loa \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Quang. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, Ph\u00e1p Loa v\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Quang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i du ngo\u1ea1n kh\u1eafp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho ph\u00e9p Huy\u1ec1n Quang l\u00ean to\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng kinh \u0111\u1ec3 thu n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Nh\u00e0 vua xu\u1ed1ng s\u1eafc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Huy\u1ec1n Quang so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng kinh, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ph\u1eadt, cho in nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong d\u00e2n. Vua Tr\u1ea7n khen: \u201cC\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt do ch\u00ednh Huy\u1ec1n Quang vi\u1ebft ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00eam b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef n\u00e0o\u201d. 89","\u0110\u1ec2N B\u1ea2O L\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n An L\u1ea1c hay \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00e0 L\u1ea1c, thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c, t\u1ed5ng H\u1eefu B\u1ecb, huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 L\u1ed9c (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 M\u1ef9 Ph\u00fac - huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 L\u1ed9c - t\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh). T\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (\u0111\u01b0cmg 38A) ch\u1eebng 5km, g\u1eb7p d\u1ed1c H\u1eefu B\u1ecb r\u1ebd tr\u00e1i d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00ea Ch\u00e2u Giang kho\u1ea3ng 2km l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c. Theo s\u00e1ch \u201cNam \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 chf\u2019 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Gi\u00e1p \u0110\u1eadu th\u00ec l\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1eadp \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u (th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u201c\u1ea5p An L\u1ea1c\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng t\u1ea1c b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef l\u1edbn: \u201cAn L\u1ea1c t\u1eeb chung\u201d (chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1n An L\u1ea1c) \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. B\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 trong nh\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh ghi r\u00f5: \u201c Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Tr\u1ea7n gia thang m\u1ed9c h\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean b\u00e1ch ni\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c chung H\u1ea3i l\u1ee5c tang tr\u1ea7m chung b\u1ea5t d\u1eabn... \u201d T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1ea5p thang m\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3n thi\u00eang B\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i d\u00e2u ch\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5t... \u1eb6 An L\u1ea1c x\u01b0a n\u1eb1m theo b\u1edd Ho\u00e0ng Giang, con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean M\u1ea1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u1edf ng\u00e3 90","ba Tu\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e3 ba Tu\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u ca dao: M\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u1eeda b\u1ec3, ph\u1ea3i n\u1ec3 Tu\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u1eddng. An L\u1ea1c x\u01b0a, th\u00e1i \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u, n\u1eb1m trong h\u00e0nh cung Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 long ch\u1ea7u, h\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5c, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng (tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1n) c\u00f3 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Tu\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 thu\u1ef7, t\u1ee5 ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 khung c\u1ea3nh th\u00e1i \u1ea5p x\u01b0a: \u201c \u0110i\u1ec1n d\u01b0 thi\u00ean m\u1eabu Tr\u00ec d\u01b0 b\u00e1ch kh\u1ea9n (Ru\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ng\u00e0n m\u1eabu, ao h\u01a1n tr\u0103m chi\u1ebfc). Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u00f3d gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1ea5p An L\u1ea1c x\u01b0a (nay thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c, x\u00e3 M\u1ef9 Ph\u00fac, huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 L\u1ed9c) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n ngay sau khi Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i th\u00f4n B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c, th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1979, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng 600m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u di v\u1eadt th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. Cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ec9nh Nam H\u00e0 (nay l\u00e0 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea1ch ng\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3ng, b\u1ec7 th\u00e1p c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, XIV \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng dinh th\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eb1m ven b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u Giang, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf, g\u1ed3m ba gian g\u1ed7 lim, sau b\u1edd s\u00f4ng l\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n nay. Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n nay to\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0ng, c\u00e1ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169 kho\u1ea3ng 300m. 91","V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, L\u00e3 Qu\u00fd Ch\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, h\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n. M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u do \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 v\u1ebd, song c\u00f3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1928 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1933 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i... \u0110\u1ec1n n\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa th\u1edd Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 th\u1edd m\u1eabu, ph\u00eda sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n Kh\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh th\u1edd th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu, phu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c x\u00e2y theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef \u0111inh, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m 7 gian r\u1ed9ng, trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 5 gian, h\u1eadu cung 3 gian. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9t x\u00e0 x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed5 xi m\u0103ng c\u1ed1t s\u1eaft, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ea1o cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf. Tuy ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, song r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: T\u1ee9 linh, long cu\u1ed1n thu\u1ef7, hoa l\u00e1, t\u00f9ng, c\u00fac, tr\u00fac, mai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i th\u1ee3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u00e1u b\u1ed9 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u1edf h\u1eadu cung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea1m tinh x\u1ea3o mang \u0111\u1eadm phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n. Trong \u0111\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd b\u00e0i v\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Tr\u1ea7n (m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed5ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7). Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i n\u1eb7ng 4,8 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf trung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u01b0ng V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o l\u00e0 con trai v\u00e0 con r\u1ec3 \u00f4ng. Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i gian ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa h\u1eadu cung, b\u00ean h\u1eefu l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef, b\u00ean t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y binh ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 92","th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201ct\u00f4n s\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hai \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f2n th\u1edd c\u1ea3 Y\u1ebft Ki\u00eau, D\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng gia n\u00f4 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gia t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng. I - V\u00e0i n\u00e9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n: H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, con An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi vua Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh) l\u00e0 ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t. Qu\u00ea \u1edf h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c, ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c x\u01b0a thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 M\u1ef9 Ph\u00fac, huy\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 L\u1ed9c, t\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) c\u00e1ch l\u00e0ng T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng 3km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. Theo Tr\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c M\u1eabu (t\u00ean hu\u00fd l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7t). H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n n\u00eau cao v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft keo s\u01a1n v\u00ec nghi\u00e3 c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi cho tinh th\u1ea7n tmng qu\u00e2n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u201cQu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 con An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi m\u1edbi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea7y t\u01b0\u1edbng xem xong li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i: - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1edbn l\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n l\u1eabn v\u00f5. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch v\u1edbi Chi\u00eau L\u0103ng (ch\u1ec9 vua Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i 93"]