Patents 243 of the shoulder region. Frequently athletes such as tennis players, golfers, baseball pitchers, football quarterbacks, hockey player, etc. suffer from overexerted and straining tendons in the elbow and shoulder region. Similarly individuals who have undergone surgery for a torn rotor cuff or other type of shoulder surgery will have a similar need for strengthening the tendons in their shoulder and arms so that they can improve their mobility after surgery. Tendon strengthening exercises are much needed in both the sports and physical therapy industries. However, because of the range of motion involved very few exercise devices have been developed that specifically focus on strengthening both the tendons and muscles in the arm. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Articulating abdominal exercise bench Inventor(s): Eschenbach, Paul William; (Roebuck, SC) Correspondence: Paul W. Eschenbach; 290 South Tyger Lane; Roebuck; SC; 29376; US Patent Application Number: 20040067829 Date filed: October 4, 2002 Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the field of abdominal exercise with the operator using the sit-up or crunch movements. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exercise apparatus that exercises the abdominal and back muscles with the lower torso of the operator supported by a moving seat while the upper torso of the operator is supported by a moving seatback. The articulation of the seatback is coordinated with the movement of the seat. Handles are provided such that the arm muscles can assist the sit-up or crunch movements. The benefits of regular exercise to improve overall health, appearance and longevity are well documented in the literature. One of the most difficult muscle groups to exercise is the abdominals. For exercise enthusiasts the search continues for safe apparatus that provides exercise to tone the abdominals without back strain. Many devices have appeared in the art to aid the user in the performance of sit-ups from a prone face-up position causing either more or less load on the abdominal muscles. The first category shows a stationary seat and seatback with relative operator movement such as Luna in U.S. Pat. No. 4,582,319, Geschwender in U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,485, Mclaughlin et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,128 and McArthur in U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,996. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Automatic device for optimized muscular stimulation Inventor(s): Bosco, Carmelo; (Roma, IT) Correspondence: Dann, Dorfman, Herrell & Skillman; 1601 Market Street; Suite 2400; Philadelphia; PA; 19103-2307; US Patent Application Number: 20040030361 Date filed: August 7, 2002 Abstract: The invention relates to an automatic device for optimized muscular stimulation, the stimulation providing periodical contractions with constant frequency of one or more muscles of a user, the device comprising a central electronic unit (1), connected to a memory unit (2), to one or more muscular electrical activity detectors (4),
244 Muscles each one applied on a corresponding muscle of the user to be subjected to stimulation, and to muscular stimulation means (5) actuated by the central unit (1), the central unit (1) managing and controlling the automatic device, processing the data coming from the detectors (4) in such a way to determine, within a range included between a lower limit frequency and an upper limit frequency, an optimum frequency of the periodical contractions in correspondence of which the sum of the amplitude of the signals provided by the detectors (4) from the corresponding muscles of the user as a response to the stimulation is the maximum one, the central unit (1) setting the muscular stimulation means (5) in such a way to produce periodical contractions of the muscle to be stimulated at the determined optimum frequency. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an automatic device for optimized mechanical muscular stimulation andlor stressing. More specifically, the invention concerns a device of the above kind, the stimulation of which, preferably mechanically produced, provides constant frequency periodical contractions of a muscle of a user, providing the preliminary detection of the frequencies of the periodical contractions corresponding to the best electro-myographycal response for the muscle to be stimulated, and a following stimulation of the same muscle at the optimum frequency sensed, the device being highly reliable and efficient. It is known that when a muscle is stimulated by application of mechanical vibrations, it contracts in a reflex way very similarly to what happens when the muscle is operated by voluntary contractions, e.g. during the execution of physical works. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Back-board Inventor(s): Spinosa, Joseph; (Honesdale, PA) Correspondence: MR. Joseph Spinosa JR.; 757 Terrace Street; Honesdale; PA; 18431; US Patent Application Number: 20040077467 Date filed: October 17, 2002 Abstract: The invention is designed to enable the user to perform both abdominal strengthening and back muscle strengthening exercises on the top of a conventional bed. A conventional bed is defined as one with a semi-rigid mattress and a rigid frame.The invention attaches and detaches to the described bed easily and provides the means to strengthen both flexor and extensor muscles of the trunk with the dual advantages of maximum convenience and minimum cost.The invention is a departure from the previous art in that it enables the user to strengthen the trunk muscles at home without the necessity of cumbersome and expensive equipment. Excerpt(s): Acute low back problems are experienced by a large percentage of the adult population in the United States. The costs in terms of medical treatment, time lost from work, and disruption of normal activities are significant. The invention is offered as a means to prevent acute low back pain as defined by, activity intolerance of less than three months duration in the absence of serious spinal pathology. The invention provides the means to strengthen the trunk muscles in the home setting at low cost and maximum convenience. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, \"Conditioning exercises for the trunk muscles (particularly the back extensors) may be helpful, especially if the patient's acute low back problems persist.\" The latter quote is found on page 3 of the AHCPR (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) publication No. 95-0642 December 1994. Exercise devices for trunk strengthening have
Patents 245 been offered in the past, but they tend to be expensive and inconvient to use at home. Since trunk strengthening must be done regularly throughout the active years of the life span, the methodology must maximize efficiency and convenience. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Belt load distribution device Inventor(s): Sullivan-West, Dawn L.; (Newport News, VA) Correspondence: George F. Helfrich; 162 Shasta DR.; Newport News; VA; 23608; US Patent Application Number: 20040055075 Date filed: September 23, 2002 Abstract: A belt load distribution device channels the loads produced by heavy belts, such as gun belts worn by law enforcement officers, away from the user's spine, and distributes the load comfortably across the muscles of the user's back. Heavy belt loads, which typically cause chronic lower back pain in police officers, are significantly mitigated. The belt load distribution device comprises a lower back panel which houses vertical and horizontal stays, and a belt for securing the device around the waist of the user. In addition to alleviating lower back pain caused by the wearing of heavy belts, the device is light, comfortable, durable, adjustable, and easy to maintain. Excerpt(s): The subject invention relates to health equipment, and relates more specifically to the prevention of lower back pain caused by the wearing of heavy belts. Chronic lower back pain resulting from wearing heavy gun/utility belts is a problem commonly suffered by veteran law enforcement officers, although it is not generally known to the public, and often not even discussed within law enforcement organizations themselves. Police departments sometimes have \"no light duty\" clauses in their employment agreements to protect themselves from liability. If an officer is \"not fit for duty,\" then he can be removed from it, therefore officers are often hesitant to discuss their discomforts. Nevertheless, lower back pain caused by heavy gun belts is quietly recognized among law enforcement officers as a chronic problem, and one for which alleviation would be a welcome relief. A search of the related art reveals numerous products available for lower back support, especially to prevent injury or discomfort resulting from heavy lifting, bad posture, repetitive motion, strenuous exercise, and the like. Most available products involve some sort of a girdle-like belt that fits snugly about the waist of the user, and applies pressure and support to the muscles and spine to ensure that they remain in their correct positions during strenuous activity. Various products utilize lumbar pads, hot or cold gel packs, and even magnets, to prevent or alleviate lower back pain. Examples of such commercially available products are those sold by the \"Relax The Back\" company, which can be contacted at 1-800-222-5728. Relax The Back products can be viewed at the company website at http://relaxtheback.com. No products are offered however, that prevent pain caused by wearing a heavy gun belt, tool belt, or utility belt. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
246 Muscles • Composition and methods for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and collagen and elastin deficiencies Inventor(s): Gamay, Aly; (McLean, VA) Correspondence: Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, Pllc; P.O. Box 7037; Atlanta; GA; 30357-0037; US Patent Application Number: 20040029774 Date filed: August 6, 2002 Abstract: Disclosed is a composition and method of enhanced nutrients delivery system for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and promotion of collagen and elastin synthesis in mammals by the oral administration of gel-like composition of hydrated Chondoritin, Glucosamine, MSM (Methyl-Sulfonyl-Methane), gelatin, hydrolyzed gelatin, collagen, and/or hydrolyzed collagen in combination with gelling agents. The increased bioavailability of the composition aids in the relief of joint pain and rebuilds cartilages, tendons, muscles, skin and connective tissues. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a composition for treating musculoskeletal disorders and collagen and elastin deficiencies and in particular to the administration of a gel-like composition having increased bioavailability. Damage to the collagen and elastin containing tissues of the body can lead to sever malfunction of organs and cause serious disorders. The damage can be attributed to a variety of factors such as aging, poor nutrition, diseases and physical trauma. It is important from a therapeutic point of view to conserve intact tissues and to assist in the rapid repair of damaged tissue. Proper nutrition and ingestion of rejuvenating-nutrients can help in maintaining healthy tissues. Most cells in multicellular organisms are in contact with an intricate meshwork of interacting, extracellular macromolecules that constitute the extracellular matrix. These versatile protein and polysaccharide molecules are secreted locally and assemble into an organized meshwork in the extracellular space of most tissues. In addition to serving as a type of universal biological glue, they also form highly specialized structures such as cartilage, tendons, basal laminae, and bone and teeth. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Congestion preventing device for car Inventor(s): Kobayashi, Hiroaki; (Kanagawa, JP) Correspondence: Oblon, Spivak, Mcclelland, Maier & Neustadt, P.C.; 1940 Duke Street; Alexandria; VA; 22314; US Patent Application Number: 20040034314 Date filed: November 29, 2002 Abstract: An apparatus for preventing congestion comprises a seat body 1, air bags 5g and 5h for energizing muscles of the legs of an occupant seated on the seat body 1, air supply/ exhaust device 6 for expanding and shrinking the air bags 5g and 5h and a control circuit 8 for controlling the air supply / exhaust apparatus 6.The control circuit 8 controls the air supply/exhaust apparatus 6 to expand and shrink the air bags 5g and 5h upon a predetermined time elapsed after sitting detection means 7A detects the sitting of the occupant. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing congestion of an occupant for vehicle, which is installed in a vehicle such as an automobile, a bus, a truck,
Patents 247 a railway, an airplane and so on. Hitherto, there has been installed a seat for an occupant in a vehicle such as an automobile, a bus, a truck, a railway, an airplane and so on. Such a seat includes at least a seat cushion and a seat back, and further includes an arm rest and a foot rest, etc., depending upon a kind and a class in case of an automobile, and depending upon a class in case of a railway and an airplane. A reclining system is also well known, which is capable of varying an oblique angle of the seat back. Further, in order to ensure comfort (relaxation), there is also well known an apparatus including a massage device provided in a seat cushion or a seat back. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Device for exercising pelvic floor muscles Inventor(s): Hunter, Richard John; (Huddersfield, GB) Correspondence: Dara L Onofrio; Onofrio Law; 1133 Broadway; Suite 1600; New York; NY; 10010; US Patent Application Number: 20040038783 Date filed: August 20, 2002 Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus 1 for exercising the pelvic floor muscles of a female (not shown) comprising a hollow body 2 adapted to be inserted into a vagina and defined by a plurality of separable parts 3, 4, two in the embodiment, there being support means 5 of the body adapted to receive at least one of a set of weights 6, the arrangement being such that the weight of the body 2 is variable depending on the number of weights, from zero to N, where N (four in the embodiment) is the number of weights in the set, for providing exercise of the pelvic floor muscles of a user. The two body parts 3, 4 are each moulded from physiologically acceptable plastic, are cup shaped and have interengagable screw threads 7 for joining the parts 3, 4 together to form the body 2, and by which the parts 3, 4 are separable by unscrewing. One body part 3, the lower as viewed and in use, mounts the support means 5, which in the embodiment has an elongate member or spindle 8 which has at one end a larger diameter cylindrical plug 9 with a frusto-conical upper, in use, flange 10. The plug 9 is a secure push fit in an orifice 11 at the base of the one part, the cone angle of the frusto- conical flange 10 being such as to be complementary to the (tapered) inner surface of the one part 3 adjacent the orifice 11 for centering and providing support for the support member 5. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to a device for exercising pelvic floor muscles. Without exercise, pelvic floor muscles often weaken with age. This can give rise to problems with bladder control with women, often exacerbated by childbirth. However, many women have no conscious control of these muscles, and find it very difficult to exercise them properly, in order to strengthen them, without assistance. One known way of providing assistance is by means of a device for exercising pelvic floor muscles by insertion into the vagina, comprising a casing defining an internal cavity and being formed of two parts which are moveable between an open configuration allowing access to the internal cavity and a closed configuration in which the parts are sealingly connected together, and at least one weight adapted to be removably received in the internal cavity, the arrangement being such that in the closed configuration the casing parts defining the internal cavity are adapted to be fully received in the vagina. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
248 Muscles • Exercise apparatus for a person with muscular deficiency Inventor(s): Duncan, Michael Robert; (Lane Cove, AU), Parker, Simon Geoffrey; (Randwick, AU) Correspondence: Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner; Llp; 1300 I Street, NW; Washington; DC; 20005; US Patent Application Number: 20040023759 Date filed: July 11, 2003 Abstract: An exercise system (10) for exercising at least one limb, such as the legs, of a subject with spinal cord injury or deficiency. The system (10) comprises an exercise bicycle (20) having a crank (17) and pedals (16) to which the feet of the subject can be mounted, and a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system (30). The FES system (30) stimulates the muscles of the legs and includes a transducer (51) mountable to at least one of the legs of the subject (12) that outputs signals representative of the position and/or movement of the leg when performing the exercise. The FES system (30) further includes a control means that receives and processes the signals output by the transducer (51) and outputs control signals to a stimulator (35) that through electrodes (53) provides electrical stimulation to the legs of the subject (12) so as to cause the legs to drive the crank (17) of the bicycle (20). Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system and method of using such a system. More particularly, the invention relates to a device and method for reducing or preventing muscle wastage in persons with spinal cord injury or deficiency. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems are seen to have particular future application in providing persons suffering from spinal cord injury or deficiency, such as paraplegia, with a capacity to make controlled movements of their dysfunctional limbs. Functional electrical stimulation systems use electronics to generate electrical impulses. These impulses are then delivered to the nerves or muscles of a subject via electrodes to stimulate movement of the muscles that are otherwise dysfunctional. In order for useful and controlled movements of limbs to be achieved several muscles must usually be operated in concert. This is normally achieved by an algorithm executed under the control of the FES system to deliver a pattern or sequence of stimulation impulses. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Exercise device Inventor(s): Geeting, Eliot; (Dana Point, CA), Rovere, Michael V.; (Hungtington Beach, CA) Correspondence: Sutherland Asbill & Brennan Llp; 999 Peachtree Street, N.E.; Atlanta; GA; 30309; US Patent Application Number: 20040067830 Date filed: February 3, 2003 Abstract: An exercise device has a seat pivotally coupled to at least one rocker. A forward support member extends from the seat and has a roller mounted proximate to a forward end thereof. The user sits on the seat and rocks forward and/or backward to exercise muscles of the torso and lower body.
Patents 249 Excerpt(s): This application claims priority of provisional application No. 60/362,457 filed Mar. 7, 2002. Our invention relates generally to exercise and fitness devices, and more specifically to a device that enables the user to achieve a balanced torso and lower body workout. Many devices have been invented to assist with physical exercise. Some assist the user in performing exercises that target the abdominal region. Others assist the user in performing exercises that target the back region. A few are intended to target both the abdominals and the back. Some devices are designed to provide a bun and thigh workout. Other devices have been made with nothing more than a cardiovascular benefit in mind. Other devices have been invented which assist the user in stretching. Still other devices have been invented to help massage the back. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Exercising machine for working muscles that support the spine Inventor(s): Carlson, Alan; (Lago Vista, TX) Correspondence: Alan Carlson; 6202 Lynn Lane; Lago Vista; TX; 78645; US Patent Application Number: 20040033863 Date filed: August 15, 2002 Abstract: An exercising machine is disclosed which can move in any direction in the X-Y plane on a multi-directional track. The head engaging member is coupled the multi- directional track and the multidirectional track is coupled to an arm that is moveable up and down on a frame to accommodate users of different heights. In one embodiment the multidirectional track is a swivel-able on the arm and as a user pushes the head engaging apparatus in a direction, the track will align with the direction of the user's push and then the rollers will start rolling on the track. In another embodiment the multi-directional track includes a first track mounted to a second track and the second track is mounted to the head engaging harness, wherein the first track can move in a first direction and the second track can moves in a second direction allowing the head engaging member to move in an infinite amount of directions in the X-Y plane. In another embodiment, as an exerciser moves the head engaging member in the X-Y plane the machine forces movement in the Z plane such that the head engaging member can maintain a point of contact on the users head as the exerciser rotates his head during exercise. At least one biasing member is coupled between the frame and the head engaging member to place a biasing force on the head engaging member. As a net force is applied to the head engaging member by the user, the biasing member(s) resist movement from the rest position thereby providing resistance to the user as the user exercises the muscles of the spine. The track can be arced or formed in a radius such that the head engaging member traverses a motion approximate to a radius of a neck rotation as measured from the forehead to the base of the neck. In other embodiments push rods roll on a dish surface to provide the arc movement of the head engaging member. In other embodiments, the arc of travel of the head engaging member can be adjusted by the user to accommodate the dimensions of the user. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to exercise equipment for the human body and in particular exercise equipment for all muscle groups which support the spine. Each year spinal cord injuries occur in contact sports such as football and wrestling. Many of these injuries could be prevented if the athlete had stronger muscles along the spinal cord. Prevention of spinal cord injuries is extremely important because these injuries often result in paralysis. One of the areas of the spinal cord which is susceptible to injury is the cervical area of the spine which resides between the shoulders and the skull. During
250 Muscles collisions in football or during a fall or collision in any sport, the head can be snapped or over extended in relation to the body resulting in spinal cord injury and possible paralysis from the neck down. Many have created exercising machines and methods for the neck and portions of the spine. For example U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,393 by Kusch and U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,836 by Casali provided an outer ring member with radial members pulling on all sides of a headgear. Other concepts such as U.S. Pat. No. 6106,437 by Brooks uses the ring and two radial members connected to a pulley and a weight. Prior art devices fail to be widely accepted by athletes, trainers and weight programs for numerous reasons. One reason is the difficulty for individuals to get into and out of the exercise machine. Set up time for height and tension and head size adjustment all detract from the usability of the machine. Often, athletic teams working out together wherein, each athlete moves from exercise machine to exercise machine at timed intervals (referred to as circuit training). In this setting athletes only have a short time to exercise at a machine. If a particular machine requires too much set up time it cannot be used efficiently in circuit training. If a user is required to make numerous and/or precise adjustments to an exercise machine the setup becomes too much hassle and athletes will not use the machine. In order for a machine to be useful, the machine must be easily adjustable for users of all sizes. For example, a small youth and a three hundred and seventy five pound pro football player should be able to use the same machine. Other problems in the prior art include inadequate hygiene. Most prior art have a headgear which is made from leather or rigid plastic and these materials can cause cuts or abrasions to the skin where the head gear contacts the users head. The head gear in the prior art head often slides on the users skin making a work out uncomfortable. Additionally, the contact surfaces of the head gear is often not cleanable or sanitary. Another problem with prior art devices is that the resistance provided by the machine during exercise is un-damped and does not provide a fluent and responsive motion. Additionally, in prior art devices the head gear slides on the exerciser's head during exercise causing discomfort and an awkward feeling. The prior art falls short and is less than perfect in many respects. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Full bearing 3D cushioning system Inventor(s): Hill, Jan; (Weisendorf, DE), Krabbe, Berthold; (Scheinfeld, DE), Manz, Gerd Rainer; (Weisendorf, DE), Steszyn, Michael; (Portland, OR) Correspondence: Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, Llp; High Street Tower; 125 High Street; Boston; MA; 02110; US Patent Application Number: 20040055182 Date filed: January 10, 2003 Abstract: The invention relates to a sliding element for a shoe sole. The sliding element includes an upper sliding surface and a lower sliding surface, wherein the lower sliding surface is arranged below the upper sliding surface so as to be slideable in at least two directions. The upper sliding surface can form a lower side of an upper sliding plate and the lower sliding surface can form an upper side of a lower sliding plate. A relative sliding movement between the upper sliding surface and the lower sliding surface distributes the deceleration of the shoe sole over a greater time period and allows the foot to feel as if it is wearing a conventional shoe that contacts a surface with reduced friction, for example, a soft forest ground. As a result, the force acting on the wearer and the momentum transfer on his or her muscles and bones are reduced.
Patents 251 Excerpt(s): This application incorporates by reference, and claims priority to and the benefit of, German patent application serial number 10244435.8 that was filed on Sep. 24, 2002. The present invention relates to a sliding element for a shoe sole, in particular a shoe sole with a sliding element that provides cushioning to the shoe in three dimensions. Shoe soles should primarily meet two requirements. First, they should provide good friction with the ground. Second, they should sufficiently cushion the ground reaction forces arising during a step cycle to reduce the strains on the wearer's muscles and bones. These ground reaction forces can be classified into three mutually orthogonal components, i.e., a component occurring in each of the X-direction, the Y- direction, and the Z-direction. The Z-direction designates a dimension essentially perpendicular (or vertical) to the ground surface. The Y-direction designates a dimension essentially parallel to a longitudinal axis of a foot and essentially horizontal relative to the ground surface. The X-direction designates a dimension essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the foot and essentially horizontal relative to the ground surface. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Golf exercise device Inventor(s): Sharps, Chester H.; (Manakin Sabot, VA) Correspondence: J. Michael Martinez DE Andino, ESQ.; Hunton & Williams; Riverfront Plaza, East Tower; 951 East Byrd Street; Richmond; VA; 23219-4074; US Patent Application Number: 20040063552 Date filed: September 24, 2003 Abstract: Disclosed is a golf exercise weight machine for anaerobically strengthening the large rotary muscles of the body--including the upper thigh, trunk and abdomen, and shoulders--most used in performing a golf swing. Preferably, the device includes a floor mounted base to which a yoke is rotatably attached to fit around the shoulders and arms of a user, so that during operation the user's body remains oriented in the proper swing position so as to mimic and improve the golf swing by strengthening the appropriate muscles. A weight stack provides variable resistance during the simulated golf swing, and the device offers adjustment over multiple degrees of freedom and it can accommodate both right-and left-handed swings. Excerpt(s): This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/413,191 filed on Sep. 24, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The invention is directed to a golf exercise device, and, more particularly, to a golf exercise device that is adjustable to accommodate various-sized users and is designed to mimic and improve the golf swing by aerobically and/or anaerobically strengthening the large rotary muscles of the body--including the upper thigh, trunk and abdomen, and shoulders--most used in performing a golf swing, and to train the swing in the proper muscle usage. Conventional exercises and exercise machines, such as Nautilus or other weight or resistance-type systems, are frequently used to strengthen muscles of the body. For example, the abdominal muscles are strengthened through sit ups or specialty abdominal strengtheners. Also, muscles of the chest and shoulders are strengthened through a variety of chest and shoulder press machines. Likewise, leg press machines can be used to strengthen the thigh muscles. These types of machines are readily available at gymnasiums, and in the home. However effective these machines may be at offering weight-resistant strength training, the muscles are not trained or strengthened in a manner that is analogous to the golf swing.
252 Muscles Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Heteroaryl alkyl piperazine derivatives as fatty acid oxidation inhibitors Inventor(s): Elzein, Elfatih; (Fremont, CA), Ibrahim, Prabha N; (Mountain View, CA), Palle, Venkata P; (Gurgaon, IN), Shunk, Kevin; (Palo Alto, CA), Zablocki, Jeff A; (Mountain View, CA) Correspondence: Mcdonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff; 300 South Wacker Drive; Suite 3200; Chicago; IL; 60606; US Patent Application Number: 20040029889 Date filed: July 14, 2003 Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein the compounds are useful in therapy to protect skeletal muscles against damage resulting from trauma or to protect skeletal muscles subsequent to muscle or systemic diseases such as intermittent claudication, to treat shock conditions, to preserve donor tissue and organs used in transplants, in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, Prinzmetal's (variant) angina, stable angina, and exercise induced angina, congestive heart disease, and myocardial infarction. 1 Excerpt(s): The present invention is concerned with piperazine derivatives, therapeutic dosage forms including one or more of the derivatives, and methods for treating diseases in mammals, and in particular, in a human in a therapy selected from the group including protecting skeletal muscles against damage resulting from trauma, protecting skeletal muscles subsequent to muscle or systemic diseases such as intermittent claudication, to treat shock conditions, to preserve donor tissue and organs used in transplants, and to treat cardiovascular diseases including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, Prinzmetal's (variant) angina, stable angina, and exercise induced angina, congestive heart disease, and myocardial infarction. U.S. Pat. No. 4,567,264, the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a class of substituted piperazine compounds that includes a compound known as ranolazine, (.+-.)-N-(2,6- dimethylphenyl)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propyl]-1- -piperazineacetamide, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmias, variant and exercise-induced angina, and myocardial infarction. U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,229, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses the use of ranolazine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters for the treatment of tissues experiencing a physical or chemical insult, including cardioplegia, hypoxic or reperfusion injury to cardiac or skeletal muscle or brain tissue, and for use in transplants. In particular, ranolazine is particularly useful for treating arrhythmias, variant and exercise-induced angina, and myocardial infarction by partially inhibiting cardiac fatty acid oxidation. Conventional oral and parenteral ranolazine formulations are disclosed, including controlled release formulations. In particular, Example 7D of U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,229 describes a controlled release formulation in capsule form comprising microspheres of ranolazine and microcrystalline cellulose coated with release controlling polymers. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
Patents 253 • Index-finger computer mouse Inventor(s): Kenin, Shahar; (Hod HaSharon, IL) Correspondence: G.E. Ehrlich (1995) LTD.; C/o Anthony Castorina; Suite 207; 2001 Jefferson Davis Highway; Arlington; VA; 22202; US Patent Application Number: 20040080493 Date filed: October 25, 2002 Abstract: A miniature, finger computer mouse is provided, arranged as a sleeve, for wearing on the index finger, at a natural anatomic resting position of the thumb on the finger. Mouse manipulation is achieved by the combined action of the thumb and the index finger, which is controlled by the intrinsic musculature of the hand and is more accurate and more sensible to joint movement than the extrinsic extensors muscles of the forearm. Overuse and overload of the tendons of the upper extremity, and in particular of the forearm, and their consequential orthopedic disorders, are avoided. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a computer mouse and more particularly, to a miniature computer mouse, arranged about the mid interphalngeal section (middle phalanx) of the index finger, and manipulated by the combined action of the thumb and the index finger. Overuse and overload of the tendons of the upper extremity, and in particular of the forearm, may lead to orthopedic disorders, such as the carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis and bursitis The handling of a standard computer mouse can cause such overuse and overload and lead to these orthopedic disorders. Among the more sensitive muscles which may be overloaded, when using a standard computer mouse extensively, are the extensor indicis tendon and the extensor digitorium tendon, which extends the index finger. These two tendons are very active as the index finger is extended twice in the double-click action. Not only does the repetitive action likely to damage the delicate tendons, but also, hypertrophy of the muscles may occur, increasing the friction of the muscles in their points of origin. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Intravaginal device for electrically stimulating and/or for sensing electrical activity of muscles and or nerves defining and surrounding the intravaginal cavity Inventor(s): Baur, Alfons Johannes; (Megiddo, IL), Eini, Meir; (Nes Ziona, IL), Sarig, Judith; (Saba, IL), Tamarkin, Dov; (Maccabim, IL) Correspondence: Anthony Castorina; G E Ehrlich; Suite 207; 2001 Jefferson Davis Highway; Arlington; VA; 22202; US Patent Application Number: 20040030360 Date filed: February 28, 2003 Abstract: A device for stimulating muscles and nerves defining and surrounding an intravaginal cavity of an individual and/or for sensing tonus and/or electrical activity of muscles defining and surrounding an intravaginal cavity is provided. The device includes (a) a body having memory properties such that when the body is contracted and positioned within an intravaginal cavity of the individual the body self expands to conform to a contour of the intravaginal cavity; and (b) at least one pair of electrodes being attached to an exterior surface of the body such that when the body is positioned within the intravaginal cavity, each electrode of the at least one pair of electrodes is
254 Muscles biased against a wall of the intravaginal cavity. Thus they maintain electrical contact with the wall. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an intravaginal device for electrically stimulating muscles and nerves defining and surrounding the intravaginal cavity and/or for sensing electrical activity of said muscles, and, more particularly, to a device and system utilizing same which are useful in preventing or treating pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Urinary incontinence is characterized by the involuntary loss of urine in individuals. Urinary incontinence is typically brought on by sphincter dysfunction, and/or by weakening of the pelvic floor support, which weakening leads to a \"dropped\" bladder neck (a condition often termed as \"Urethrocele\"), or by bladder disorders. Urinary incontinence affects approximately 13 million people in the United States alone, 85% of them women. Urinary incontinence can be caused by mechanical stress (stress incontinence) typically brought on by heavy object lifting, coughing, laughing or sneezing, an uninhibited urge to void (typically referred to as urge incontinence) or by an uncontrollable slow leak (which is termed over flow incontinence), which is often experienced when incomplete bladder emptying is present. Additional but less common types of urinary incontinence include functional incontinence and unconscious or reflex incontinence. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Massaging device Inventor(s): Chen, Kuo-Chin; (Taipei, TW) Correspondence: Pro-techtor International; 20775 Norada Court; Saratoga; CA; 95070- 3018; US Patent Application Number: 20040015110 Date filed: July 18, 2002 Abstract: A massaging device includes a handle and the rollers at the two corners of two ends of the handle; at least the two rollers of one end are not parallel and slant downward. When the massaging device is moved to and fro on skin to massage muscles and stimulate meridian points, the two non-parallel rollers squeezes muscles located between them and push fats under skin to help a user in body fitness. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a massaging device, and more particularly to a massaging device that includes two anterior rollers and two posterior rollers capable of massaging muscles and squeezing and pushing fats under skin to achieve an effect of body fitness. The commercially available manual type massaging devices are used to massage muscles and stimulate meridian points. The structure of the prior massage devices includes a handle and one or more pairs of rotatable rollers symmetrically and parallelly connected to two corners of the handle. By gripping at the handle, a user may apply proper downward force while moves the massaging device to and fro on skin, so that the one or more pairs of parallel rollers massage muscles and stimulate meridian points on the skin. Using the massaging device with parallel rollers, if the strength is too weak, the rollers only can glide on the skin lightly and cannot press the muscles. If the strength is too strong, it is easily to injure the muscle. Even if the user can use the massaging device on uniform force, the parallel rollers only can glide on the skin. The effect is just like massaging effect by using hands. Besides, it also cannot have effect of releasing muscles and fat-removing. It is therefore tried by the inventor to develop a roller-type massaging device that has anterior rollers and the posterior
Patents 255 rollers'symmetrically and parallelly connected to two sides of the handle. This massage device has the functions provided by fat-removing and massaging muscles. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Mastication monitoring device Inventor(s): Kurono, Takehiro; (Hamamatsu-shi, JP), Takeuchi, Tsunehiko; (Hamamatsu-shi, JP) Correspondence: Morgan Lewis & Bockius Llp; 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue NW; Washington; DC; 20004; US Patent Application Number: 20040073142 Date filed: July 29, 2003 Abstract: A mastication monitoring device 1 is provided with a probe 2 which is attached to a cheek in order to detect the concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the masticatory muscles. A photodetector 22 of the probe 2 detects light scattered in the masticatory muscles and delivers a signal of the amount of light received to a signal processing unit 3. The signal processing unit 3 computes the reduced hemoglobin concentrations (time-series changes) from the signals of the amount of light received, and further computes outputs S (time-series changes) corresponding to the time-series changes in the reduced hemoglobin concentrations. A mastication iteration counting unit 41 detects peaks in periodical changes of Sd which is the difference between the output S and the moving average value Sma of the output S and counts the peaks in periodical changes of Sd as the mastication iterations. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a mastication monitoring device. It has been desired to realize a mastication monitoring device which can detect a state of mastication by a subject to be measured and provide information thereof in order to provide assistance for tutoring proper mastication, training mastication for prevention of dementia and the like. Conventional mastication monitoring devices include, for example, a device which measures the mastication iterations in response to a pressure change in the device corresponding to a movement of the skin upon masticating as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei-11-206740, a device which measures the mastication iterations in response to noises generated at the time of mastication as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei-11-123185, and a device which computes the mastication iterations and the force of mastication (different from biting force and defined as a force by which food is crushed between upper and lower teeth, or by which upper and lower teeth are contacted together upon attaching an oral device such as a mouth piece where the muscle force exerted at every bite converges generally within 0.4 seconds) from the potential of the masticatory muscles using an electrode as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-178706. However, there have been problems in that it is difficult to obtain accurate measurement results by conventional mastication monitoring devices because they are subjected to external factors. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
256 Muscles • Method and apparatus for training muscle strength through progressive resistance exercise Inventor(s): Liu, Chiang; (Taipei, TW), Liu, Yu; (Taipei, TW), Shiang, Tzyy Yuang; (Taipei, TW), Wei, Shun Hwa; (Taipei, TW) Correspondence: Troxell Law Office Pllc; Suite 1404; 5205 Leesburg Pike; Falls Church; VA; 22041; US Patent Application Number: 20040009854 Date filed: July 9, 2002 Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing muscle strength is designed based on a curve of relation between joint angle and producible muscle strength, and includes a resistance- varying device that provides progressive resistances to give a trainee's body area being trained the most suitable load when the joint angle at the trained area changes. The resistance-varying device is embodied through serially connected four-bar linkages, two-bar linkages, or tension cords pivotally connected to one lateral side of weights of the apparatus with pins. Strength exerted by the trainee at the trained area is transmitted via a steel cord to pull a top weight upward and sequentially stretch the linkages or tension cords open, so that subsequent weights are pulled upward one by one until the last linkage or tension cord is fully stretched. A method using the apparatus to enhance muscle strength meets the human engineering and avoids unwanted injury of trained muscles. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to method and apparatus for enhancing muscle strength through progressive resistance, and more particularly to a muscle training apparatus that provides progressively increased resistance to a trainee's body area being trained to meet a curve of relation between joint angle and producible strength thereof. 1. Isoload training--In this way of training, muscles contract at a speed and in a tension that vary with time. 2. Isometric training--In this way of training, muscles contract with the lengths thereof keeping unchanged. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Method and device for correcting or reducing the formation of facial lines Inventor(s): Chernyakhovsky, Anna; (Winnipeg, CA), Ioffe, Semyon; (Winnipeg, CA) Correspondence: Ogilvy Renault; 1981 Mcgill College Avenue; Suite 1600; Montreal; QC; H3a2y3; CA Patent Application Number: 20040024373 Date filed: March 27, 2003 Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of lines on the skin of a person's face and neck (and/or at least partly removing such lines) comprises applying pressure on the skin at locations where a reduction in the formation of lines (or a reduction of lines) is desired with this pressure being sufficient for at least partly impeding the development of these lines by causing the person in time to diminish his/her formation of facial expressions which cause the skin to wrinkle. If the pressure is applied for a prolonged period of time, biofeedback between the brain, muscles and skin subconsciously cause the person to reduce making such facial expressions. The device is a compression and face stabilising device which comprises a mask and/or one or more bands adapted to be positioned on the skin at the aforementioned locations, and an attachment mechanism to
Patents 257 secure the mask to the head and/or neck of the person and which is adapted to apply sufficient pressure at such locations for at least partly impeding the development of lines thereat. Excerpt(s): This Application is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/410,078 filed on Oct. 1, 1999, pending. The present invention relates to systems for improving facial aesthetics and, more particularly, for at least partly removing or reducing the formation of ageing lines on the face. With the ageing process, the skin loses its elasticity and cannot keep its original connection with the body's muscles. Therefore, when muscles repetitively contract to define different facial expressions, the associated skin contracts as well, but does not exactly return to its original position and shape thereby gradually creating fine lines and wrinkles. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Method for laminectomy Inventor(s): Boehm, Frank H. JR.; (Utica, NY), Melnick, Benedetta D.; (Rome, NY) Correspondence: Yuri Kateshov, ESQ.; Dilworth & Barrese, Llp; 333 Earle Ovington BLVD.; Uniondale; NY; 11553; US Patent Application Number: 20040055607 Date filed: May 12, 2003 Abstract: A process for performing lumbar laminectomy is characterized by leaving the muscles intact along the base of spinous process and posterior faces of detached portions of lamina, facet joints, and transverse processes of at least one of adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae to preserve the blood flow to the detached portions and, thus, to create a living peace of bone used as fusion material between the bases of the transverse processes of the superior and inferior vertebrae. Excerpt(s): This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C.sctn. 1.119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/379,371 filed on May 10, 2002 and fully incorporated herein by reference. This invention relates to techniques for the treatment of various spine diseases. Particularly, the invention relates to a spinous laminectomy procedure wherein various posterior bony structures of vertebrae to be fused continue to have a vascular supply during implantation and fusion procedures. Lumbar laminectomy is an operation performed on the lower spine to relieve pressure on one or more nerve roots. The term is derived from lumbar (lower spine), lamina (the spinous canal's bony roof), and -ectomy (removal). Pressure on a nerve root in the lower spine causes, among others, back and leg pain. Upon removing the laminae allowing for the exposure of the compressed nerve(s), pressure is relieved by removal of the source of compression such as part of the disc, a disc fragment, a tumor, or a rough protrusion of bone. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
258 Muscles • Method of inducing relaxation and sleep Inventor(s): Dyanne, Alana; (Redmond, WA) Correspondence: Patrick M. Dwyer PC; 1818 Westlake Avenue N, Suite 114; Seattle; WA; 98109; US Patent Application Number: 20040077521 Date filed: December 10, 2002 Abstract: A method of inducing relaxation or sleep comprising applying a drop of herbal formula to at least two of a group of twelve body locations, such as two points each on the inside of each wrist two inches above wrist crease, the center of the back of the head in a large hollow under the base of the skull, below the base of the skull, on the two large vertical neck muscles to either side of the spine, along large bone behind each ear and downward, and at the temples at the edge of the hairline. Excerpt(s): This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Ser. No. 60/338,967 filed Dec. 10, 2001. Sleep deprivation has been called the `silent epidemic`, affecting more than 100 million American adults and 60% of all school age children. Current annual business losses are estimated to be $150 billion. AAA attributes 100,000+car `crashes` per year due to `falling asleep at the wheel`. Several major worldwide disasters have been attributed to sleep deprivation. Until now options for sleep aids have been primarily limited to oral prescription and over-the-counter drugs which have many unwanted side effects including dependency, drowsiness upon awakening, liver toxicity, and brain fog. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Methods for therapeutic treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome Inventor(s): Breuer, Brenda; (New York, NY), Pappagallo, Marco; (New York, NY) Correspondence: Klauber & Jackson; 411 Hackensack Avenue; Hackensack; NJ; 07601 Patent Application Number: 20040028704 Date filed: May 9, 2003 Abstract: A method of treating and/or preventing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is provided, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a botulinum toxin to a patient in need thereof or a patient at risk for development of CTS. More specifically, the method includes one or more injections of a botulinum toxin over a period of time into one or more muscles of the hand and/or wrist, or directly into the carpal tunnel along the median nerve. Pharmaceutical compositions are provided as are combination therapies with other agents such as anti-inflammatory drugs, growth factors, and agents useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The use of the methods of the present invention are also contemplated with other treatment regimens used to treat patients having carpal tunnel syndrome. Excerpt(s): The present application claims priority to provisional application U.S. Serial No. 60/379,714, filed May 10, 2002, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Applicants claim the benefit of the present application under 35 U.S.C.sctn.119(e). The present invention relates to therapeutic methods for treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. More specifically, the instant invention provides a non-surgical alternative for treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome through use of botulinum toxin and a prophylactic method for preventing the development of the condition. Furthermore,
Patents 259 the present invention provides for combination therapy of carpal tunnel syndrome with botulinum toxin and other standard forms of therapy or treatment regimens. The bones and ligaments of the carpus, or wrist, form a structure that resembles a tunnel. The median nerve enters the hand by passing through the \"carpal tunnel\" formed by the carpal bones and transverse carpal ligament in the wrist. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a commonly occurring condition affecting the hand that arises from pressure on the median nerve in the wrist. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Multi-mode exerciser Inventor(s): Nizamuddin, Nash; (Thornhill, CA) Correspondence: Friedrich Kueffner; 342 Madison Avenue, Suite1921; New York; NY; 10173; US Patent Application Number: 20040033872 Date filed: August 16, 2002 Abstract: A multimode exerciser for muscles and muscle-groups stretch exercises has three horizontal platforms disposed along a horizontal rigid frame of bar elevated above ground. One platform near one end of the frame serves as a seat, while another platform near the foot-end services as a foot/ankle rest. An intermediate platform serves also as a foot rest for certain, different, exercises other than those using the foot-end rest. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an exercise apparatus in general, and in particular to a multi-mode personal exerciser. More particularly still, it relates to an apparatus suitable for stretch exercises for different bodily muscles and muscle groups. Prior art apparatii for exercising individual muscle groups are well known. Recently an apparatus for exercising the abdominal muscles of a user enjoyed widespread use. Other devices are known for exercising (primarily strengthening) targeted muscles or muscle groups. Such apparatii are mostly useful for increasing muscle strength and mass of the targeted muscles. The benefits of stretching are well known, in fact, it is one of the three essential components of fitness, namely strength, endurance and flexibility. It is also well known that most people are not spending enough time stretching, which results in increased injuries and reduced range of motion. Gyms everywhere provide users with mats so that they may stretch on the floor. An objective of the present invention is to allow a user to perform all the basic stretches he/she normally does on the floor, in a comfortable position elevated above the ground. Although there are other machines that are used for stretching, the present exerciser is unique in that its main focus is to promote the proper techniques for stretching. Existing products force the user into positions they normally would not perform, or that may be harmful to them. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
260 Muscles • Muscle fatigue meter Inventor(s): Duncan, Michael Robert; (Lane Cove, AU), Parker, Simon Geoffrey; (Ryde, AU) Correspondence: Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner; Llp; 1300 I Street, NW; Washington; DC; 20005; US Patent Application Number: 20040044381 Date filed: March 25, 2003 Abstract: A functional electrical stimulation system (30) for moving at least a portion of a body of a subject (12), such as their legs (13, 13a). The system is adapted to monitor its performance and/or the outcome of the provision of stimulation to the subject (12) and assess whether the body portion is showing evidence of fatigue. The system (30) comprises a stimulator (35) that can provide a plurality of sets of functional electrical stimulation to the legs, one or more transducers (60, 61) that outputs signals representative of the movement made by the legs in response to the functional electrical stimulation provided thereto, and a control means (32). The control means (32) receives and processes the signals output by the transducers (60, 61) and includes a comparator adapted to compare the output signals of the transducers resulting from the provision of two or more substantially equivalent sets of electrical stimulation to the legs and provide an output indicative of variation in the movement. The comparator of the control means (32) can also compare the level of electrical stimulation output by the stimulator (35) to achieve an equivalent movement of the legs. An increase in stimulation to achieve such equivalent can be interpreted by the control means as indicative of fatigue in the muscles of the legs. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system and method of using such a system. More particularly, the invention relates to a device and method for determining the presence of fatigue in muscles receiving stimulation from a functional electrical stimulation system. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems have been developed using electronic body worn equipment which generates and delivers electrical impulses to the body to control muscle movement. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems are seen to have particular future application in providing persons suffering from spinal cord injury or deficiency, such as paraplegia, with a capacity to make controlled movements of their dysfunctional limbs. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Muscle measuring device Inventor(s): Kouou, Takahito; (Tokyo, JP), Sakai, Yoshio; (Tokyo, JP) Correspondence: Mcdermott, Will & Emery; 600 13th Street, N.W.; Washington; DC; 20005-3096; US Patent Application Number: 20040082877 Date filed: October 15, 2003 Abstract: Bioelectric impedances are measured by use of a plurality of electrodes which are brought into contact with body parts of a living body, muscle volumes and maximum voluntary contractions in body parts such as both hands and feet of the subject are calculated from the measured bioelectric impedances, a mechanomyogram
Patents 261 when several degrees of loads are imposed on a muscle is also measured, the mechanomyogram data is frequency analyzed so as to determine average frequency and amplitude data, the amounts of actions (frequency of emission) of muscle fibers are calculated from inflection points thereof, and the type of the muscle (muscle fibers) and muscle fatigue of the subject are determined, so as to easily measure a maximum voluntary contraction which has heretofore been difficult to measure and make evaluations associated with muscles more accurately. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a device for making measurements with respect to muscles, i.e., determining the type of muscle and muscular fatigue of a subject. As a conventional method for measuring and determining the type of muscle fiber or muscular fatigue, a method of directly measuring a muscle tissue sample, a substance in the body such as lactic acid, a muscle pH or oxygen saturation in the blood and determining the type of muscle fiber or the muscular fatigue from the measurement value is known. Further, an electromyogram is also known that detects a potential difference by use of electrodes set on the skin so as to measure an electrical signal delivered to move a muscle. Alternatively, a mechanomyogram is also available that detects minute vibrations on the surface of a muscle by use of piezoelectric elements. It is considered a signal reflecting the mechanical action of a muscle. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Passive exercise apparatus Inventor(s): McNally, Lynda Jeanne; (Boston, MA), Prunty, Cynthia Nuzzi; (Boston, MA) Correspondence: Fish & Richardson PC; 225 Franklin ST; Boston; MA; 02110; US Patent Application Number: 20040015108 Date filed: July 20, 2002 Abstract: A passive exercise apparatus for use in an erect, non-recumbent seating position that provides an unstable platform capable of encouraging an omni-directional involuntary rocking motion that will result in the involuntary contractions of muscles involved in maintaining muscle tone and promoting proper posture (viz., the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus muscles, external oblique muscles, and other muscles in the abdominal, lumbar/sacral, and pelvic regions) in order to counterbalance the rocking forces. The purpose of the device is to provide continuing involuntary contractions of these muscle groups (a recognized form of EXERSITTING, which is the combined execution of concentric and isometric muscle exertion and contractions performed while sitting on the apparatus of the present invention in order to help maintain muscle tone and encourage good seated posture. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a passive exercise apparatus that assists the user to maintain muscle tone in selected muscle groups and to encourage good seated posture. Many millions of people have adopted a fitness lifestyle. They routinely participate in various exercise activitbies, such as weight training and aerobics these individuals use exercise equipment at fitness clubs, gyms, and at home. In addition to the significant amount of time, membership dues, and energy expended to get into and stay in shape, these individuals are increasingly purchasing exercise devices to use at home and in the office. 1) undoing much of the benefit obtained by targeting gluteal exercise and 2) potentially compromising one's health. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
262 Muscles • Process for effecting the relaxation of muscles of a human by means of fragrance Inventor(s): Chapuis-Fournier, Anne-Sophie; (Bois-Colombes, FR), Christensen, Carol M.; (Metuchen, NJ), Moscona, Murray; (Rumson, NJ), Warrenburg, William Stephen; (Little Silver, NJ) Correspondence: Joseph F. Leightner, ESQ.; International Flavors & Fragrances INC.; 521 West 57th Street; New York; NY; 10019; US Patent Application Number: 20040033279 Date filed: December 20, 2002 Abstract: Described is a process for effecting the relaxation of a tensive back, shoulder or neck muscle of a human mammal for a substantial period of time. The process of our invention consists essentially of the step of continuously or periodically administering to said human mammal through inhalation over a stress reactivity-reducing, tensive back, shoulder or neck muscle-relaxing period of time, a stress reactivity-reducing, tensive back, shoulder or neck muscle-relaxing quantity and concentration of one or more fragrance compositions having an aroma profile including one or more of a rose, floral, musky, ambery, sweet and/or powdery aroma notes. Excerpt(s): Our invention relates to a process for effecting the relaxation (i) to a substantially low stress-reactive state and (ii) to a substantially low tensive state, of at least one stress-reactive and tensive back, shoulder or neck muscle of a human mammal for a substantial period of time. The process of our invention consists essentially of the step of continuously or periodically administering to said human mammal through inhalation over a stress reactivity-reducing, tensive back, shoulder and/or neck muscle- relaxing period of time, a stress reactivity-reducing, tensive back, shoulder and/or neck muscle-relaxing quantity and concentration of one or more fragrance compositions having an aroma profile including at least one rose, floral, musky, ambery, sweet and/or powdery aroma nuance(s). Reactivity to stress is insidious because it does not directly incapacitate a human, but acts as a vector of extreme discomfort in various locations of the body of the human, e.g., back, shoulder and/or neck muscle pain and spasms which are a direct result of excessive back, shoulder and/or neck muscle tension brought about by the reactivity to stress. The term \"stress\" hereinafter refers to an event or experience in life of an individual that has specific physiologic and/or subjective consequences that disturb the equilibrium of the individual (see Kopin, I. J., Definitions of Stress and Sympathetic Neuronal Responses Stress: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications, Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences, G. Chrousos, R. McCarty, K. Pacak et al editors, New York, N.Y., New York Academy of Sciences 771: 19-30.). Sources of stress may be an individual's occupation or it may be a life event such as a change of job. The term \"reactivity\" hereinafter refers to the change generated by stress in the individual's physiologic and/or subjective condition. Within the context of this invention, the term \"reactivity\" may be ascertained (a) objectively, by measuring, using electrical measuring techniques, the degree of muscular back, shoulder and/or neck tension and (b) subjectively by use of self-report of various symptoms including degree of muscular back and/or neck pain and degree of muscular back and/or neck `tension` and `relaxation`. Unlike a drug that is ingested orally or injected subcutaneously, the fragrance compositions utilized in the practice of our invention are inhaled. Hence, for the purpose of practicing this invention, the term \"amount administered\" hereinafter is intended to mean \"amount of stress reactivity-reducing composition calculated to have been inhaled, retained, absorbed and/or provided into the blood-stream\".
Patents 263 Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Rope climbing simulator Inventor(s): Bassani, Darryl; (Yorba Linda, CA), Williams, Michael Edward; (Orange, CA) Correspondence: Stetina Brunda Garred & Brucker; 75 Enterprise, Suite 250; Aliso Viejo; CA; 92656; US Patent Application Number: 20040014568 Date filed: July 19, 2002 Abstract: The present invention relates to a rope climbing simulator system for allowing a user to simulate ascending and descending rope climbing exercises therewith. The system includes a bead chain of serially connected beads. Each of the beads defines a palmar support portion graspable by the user's hands for moving the bead chain in downward and upward directions. A resistance mechanism is in mechanical communication with the bead chain for providing resistance to the bead chain. The bead chain and the resistance mechanism cooperate to impart flexion of the user's muscles during the exercises. Excerpt(s): The present invention generally relates to the field of exercise devices, more particularly to rope climbing simulators for allowing a user to simulate ascending and descending rope climbing exercises therewith. The rope climb is one of the historical exercises employed by the military, schools and gymnasiums for building upper body strength. Typically, the rope is suspended from the ceiling or another stationary object. The rope is generally thick and sometimes includes a series of knots to assist the user in gripping the rope at spaced points. The rope climb is considered to be an effective tool for training the upper body because the user is required to support his or her entire weight while climbing to the top of the rope. Descending the rope also provides as much upper body training to the user. Gripping a rope to support one's entire weight is very difficult to perform. Typically, athletes who have had a history of extensive upper body training can climb a rope. However, weaker individuals may find it difficult to even begin the rope climbing exercise, and gain associated training benefits. Also, some other weaker individuals may only be able to climb up the rope a short distance before they have to slide or drop from the rope. As such, these attempts at the rope climb may be difficult and unsafe without prior upper body training. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Saddle for training gonadal region Inventor(s): Kim, Ee Do; (Anyang-Si, KR) Correspondence: Cantor Colburn Llp; 55 Griffin Road South; Bloomfield; CT; 06002; US Patent Application Number: 20040026968 Date filed: May 28, 2003 Abstract: A saddle installed in a bicycle, or a motor cycle, or a health training cycle which is sports equipment, is provided. Muscles in the vicinity of a gonadal region in the human body, are automatically trained when legs are exercised by riding a bicycle or using a health training bicycle. The saddle for training a gonadal region solves
264 Muscles problems caused by depression of genitals, and can be widely put into practice as a simple structure. The gonadal region training saddle includes: a safe supporter in which a groove is formed in the front side of the saddle and a combiner whose inner circumferential portion is formed of a screw thread is protrudingly installed at the center of the groove; a cushion member which is united with the upper portion of the safe supporter so as to encompass the edge portion of the safe supporter, in which a hole is formed at a position corresponding to the groove formed in the front side of the safe supporter; an adjustment unit at one side of which a connection rod is formed and at the other side of which a holder is formed, so as to be combined with the combiner of the safe supporter; and a friction unit at the bottom side of which a fitting groove is formed so as to be fitted with the end portion of the connection rod in the adjustment unit. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a gonadal region training saddle, and more particularly, to a gonadal region training saddle having a friction unit which easily moves up and down at the upper portion of a saddle mounted in a vehicle which is used as a traffic transportation rider such as a bicycle and a motor cycle, or sports equipment such as a health training bicycle, and for training muscles near a gonadal region such as the testis or penis of a man, when he rides a bicycle or motor cycle or makes an exercise on a health training cycle, to thereby solve a problem caused by depression of genitals. Many an implement for training a gonadal region of men has been developed or under development, in order to solve the above problems. A representative implement is an auxiliary implement inserted into the genitals of men by surgical operations, or a non- penetrative implement which is not inserted into genitals of men. However, insertion of the auxiliary implement by the surgical operation causes much cost. Also, a patient may run a risk which may be caused by a surgical operation. The non-penetrative implement is costless, but burdensome in using and managing it. An exercise implement for men disclosed in Korean Utility Model Laid-open Publication No. 1999-19938, will be described below as an example, which was developed in order to solve the above problems. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Soft gel interior tub Inventor(s): Hill, Eva H.; (Jonesboro, GA) Correspondence: Chi Chi Okezie; 9582 Canvas Back Court; Jonesboro; GA; 30238; US Patent Application Number: 20040073996 Date filed: October 21, 2002 Abstract: A soft gel interior tub that is longer than the conventional size tubs. It is designed to reduce muscle tension, soreness, and fatigue while providing comfort, relaxation, and rejuvenation. The interior of the soft gel tub is in the shape of the posterior of the human body having raised hemispheres at the side walls and bottom of the interior of the tub. Underneath the raised hemispheres are vibrating elements, equipped with various settings, to apply therapy and relief to aching joints and muscles. The tub is also equipped with the thermostatic heating system and sound system. Excerpt(s): Most of the bathtubs on the market have hard plastic interior surfaces. The hard surface is uncomfortable to the bather and does not provide support and comfort. Although there are various therapeutic and massage tubs, theses tubs do not provide proper attention to the various pressure points of the human body. Furthermore, conventional tubs are short in length and do not allow bathers to comfortably recline,
Patents 265 allowing continuous blood flow through the body. Thus, the prior art lacks in particular functions and are in need of drastic improvements. In studying the short comings of the prior art, the inventor has created new elements to modify the traditional bathtub design and function. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Storage unit for collapsible exercise device Inventor(s): Croft, Ellen; (Carpinteria, CA) Correspondence: Manatt Phelps And Phillips; Robert D. Becker; 1001 Page Mill Road, Building 2; Palo Alto; CA; 94304; US Patent Application Number: 20040067828 Date filed: October 7, 2002 Abstract: A compact, low profile, collapsible exercise device with storage base. The device includes a storage case, a rectangular or U-shaped frame pivotally attached to the storage case, a horizontal hinge rod assembly attached to the frame and rotatably mounted on the frame, a resistance bar, a pair of swing arms, each swing arm having a distal end attached to opposing ends of the hinge rod, and proximal ends attached to opposing ends of the resistance bar. The device includes at least two springs, each spring having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal ends of the springs are releasably attached to spring connectors on the frame. The proximal ends of the springs are attached to the respective swing arms near the proximal ends thereof. In use, an exerciser positions a part of his/her body, such as the hands, in contact with the resistance bar and applies a force sufficient to extend the springs. When the exerciser releases the force, the spring restores to its non-extended length. The exerciser repeats the cycle until the targeted body part(s) is sufficiently exercised. The various possible attachment points for the distal ends of the springs enable the device to be used for exercising various muscles of the body, including the arms, shoulders, legs, back, chest and abdomen. The exercise device, when collapsed, is housed within the compact, low profile case for storage and transport. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to exercise equipment, and more particularly, to a collapsible resistance device for personal exercise. Wall-mountable resistance-type exercise devices are well known in the art. Various embodiments of such devices are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,468,205, 5,431,617, 4,402,504 and 5,385,525. Little, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,546, the contents of which patent is incorporated herein by reference thereto, provides a review of such prior art devices and discloses a wall- mountable resistance-type exercise device that overcomes many of the limitations present in prior art devices. Little's device has a matched pair of slotted rails adapted to be vertically mounted on a vertical surface. A matched pair of swing arms are rotatably mounted on slidably adjustable universal blocks disposed within the slots. The opposing ends of the swing arms are attached to a resistance bar and an elastic resistance member. The points of attachment of both the swing arms and the elastic resistance members to the slotted rails are incrementally adjustable along substantially the entire length of the slotted rails. A disadvantage of the device is the large number of parts required to make the device operational. Croft, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,328,679, the content of which patent is incorporated herein by reference thereto, discloses a compact, low profile, wall-mountable exercise device (\"the Croft device\" or, in the alternative, \"a Croft-type device\"). The Croft device includes a modular, wall-mountable rectangular frame, a horizontal hinge rod assembly attached to the frame and rotatably mounted on
266 Muscles the frame, a resistance bar, a pair of swing arms, each swing arm having a distal end attached to opposing ends of the hinge rod, and proximal ends attached to opposing ends of the resistance bar. The Croft device includes at least two springs, each spring having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal ends of the springs are releasably attached to spring connectors on the frame. The proximal ends of the springs are attached to the respective swing arms near the proximal ends thereof. In use, an exerciser positions a part of his/her body, such as the hands, in contact with the resistance bar and applies a force sufficient to extend the springs. When the exerciser releases the force, the spring restores to its non-extended length. The exerciser repeats the cycle until the targeted body part(s) is sufficiently exercised. The various possible attachment points for the distal ends of the springs enable the device to be used for exercising various muscles of the body, including the arms, shoulders, legs, back, chest and abdomen. The device is not readily transportable and requires a permanent wall mount which may not be aesthetically pleasing in a home setting. There is, therefore, a need for a versatile resistance-type exercise device that is quickly and easily assembled and may be collapsed when not in use for convenient storage and/or transport. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Stretching device Inventor(s): Repking, Mary C.; (Wausau, WI) Correspondence: Kinney & Lange, P.A.; The Kinney & Lange Building; 312 South Third Street; Minneapolis; MN; 55415-1002; US Patent Application Number: 20040023764 Date filed: August 2, 2002 Abstract: An apparatus is used on a surface and aids in stretching lower extremity muscles of a person in three planes of movement. The apparatus includes a plane for supporting a foot of the person. The plane has a front end, a rear end, a first edge, a second edge, a top side and a bottom side. The apparatus further includes a rear support associated with the bottom side near the rear end of the plane. The rear support extends from the first edge to the second edge. A front support is associated with the bottom side near the front end of the plane. The front support extends from the first edge to the second edge. The front support has a dimension between the surface and the plane that is greater than that of the rear support. The apparatus further includes means to rock the apparatus between the first edge and the second edge. Excerpt(s): None. The present invention relates to a stretching device. In particular, the present invention relates to a stretching device that aids in stretching the muscles of a user's lower extremities in three planes of movement. Enhancing function during activity is a goal for athletes of all ages, active adults, individuals with disabilities, injured workers, and the elderly. The conditioning process, including flexibility training, should be directed towards improving function by application of sound biomechanics. The biomechanics of function consist of a complex combination of systems within and outside our bodies (i.e. gravity) that are linked and react with each other. An understanding of the interaction of all joints in all three planes of movement with gravity and ground reaction forces is needed to perform optimum stretching of the musculature. The three planes of movement include the frontal plane (side to side motion), the sagittal plane (frontward to backward motion) and the transverse plane (rotational motion).
Patents 267 Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Therapeutic exercise device Inventor(s): Craciunescu, Marin; (Seven Hills, OH) Correspondence: Marin Craciunescu; 4234 Vezber Drive; Seven Hills; OH; 44131; US Patent Application Number: 20040043876 Date filed: February 24, 2003 Abstract: A therapeutic exercise device, including receptacle means designed to support a person's lower or upper extremities. A substantially rectangular support base (10) is slidably associated with the carriage (16), in such a manner as to allow a longitudinal displacement of the carriage on the support base. In addition an adjustable resistance arrangement is included to allow increased frictional resistance in between the carriage, and the support base Consequently with increased frictional resistance, increased muscular energy is required to achieve the longitudinal displacement of the carriage on the support base. Thus a more versatile therapeutic device is provided, that permits a simple and accurate measurement of the rehabilitation performance of the lower or upper extremity affected. This device may be employed for strengthening abdominal and back muscles in the process of physical therapy, especially in facilitating Mc Kinsey exercises for lower back. Also, the present invention may be employed as a transferring device for a patient from one surface such as a wheelchair, to another surface such as a bed. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to therapeutic portable exercising devices for conditioning and strengthening the muscles and tendons in the leg. Also this device may be employed in the therapeutic rehabilitation of the upper extremities and lower back exercises. a. By way of example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,001 to Roman, U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,521B1 to Foucault and U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,448B1 to Hassler, inventors created several types of portable leg exercise devices where the knee and hip are constrained to move in a linear fashion. b. Furthermore, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,271 to Gonzales and U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,675 to Aruin inventors created portable leg exercise devices which are designed to be used by a person in a sitting position. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Therapeutic treatment of digestive organs with engineered stem cells Inventor(s): Mashimo, Hiroshi; (Lexington, MA), Singh, Satish K.; (Sharon, MA) Correspondence: Weingarten, Schurgin, Gagnebin & Lebovici Llp; Ten Post Office Square; Boston; MA; 02109; US Patent Application Number: 20040071674 Date filed: March 19, 2003 Abstract: A method of directly implanting embryonic or adult somatic stem cells into a desired site in a mammal, e.g., into the adult digestive tract, for gene therapy and/or cell replacement is disclosed. Stem cells with their inherent pluripotency have been found to be capable of being implanted directly, e.g., in the digestive system where they become permanently engrafted. The advantage of cultured stem cells is that they can be expanded in vitro and engineered to produce cells that stably express a variety of gene
268 Muscles products. Stem cells directly implanted in the gastrointestinal tract according to the method of the invention, have been shown to differentiate into specialized cells of the adult gut (such as nerves, muscles and epithelia). These cells remain at the site of injection and respect local tissue architecture while permanently expressing transfected genes, e.g., nitric oxide synthase, which catalyzes the production of nitric gas in vivo. This approach is particularly well suited for such a diffusible, unstable and transiently bioactive compound as nitric oxide. This technology is useful, e.g., in treating gastrointestinal disorders where key components of a normally functioning bowel are missing, and where local administration of the gene product is thought to be essential. Excerpt(s): This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/365,155 filed Mar. 19, 2002 entitled, ENGINEERED STEM CELLS DELIVERED DIRECTLY INTO DIGESTIVE ORGANS FOR DRUG DELIVERY, GENE THERAPY, CELL REPLACEMENT, RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS, the whole of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The traditional approaches to gene therapy (e.g., using adenovirus, lentivirus, and HSV) have met with mixed success. Major disadvantages of these approaches to gene therapy are the creation of inflammation at the site of delivery, the variable uptake and expression in different tissues, and the decline in expression of the gene of interest over time. The gastrointestinal tract has proven particularly problematic with respect to these approaches because it is immunologically highly active and because the entire epithelium is shed and renewed within days. It has been found that expression of a reporter gene introduced to the gut by a replication-defective adenovirus occurred largely in areas of Peyer's patches, perhaps reflecting the access through M cells (Foreman, 1998). Gene transfer by lipofection and adenoviral vectors can be carried out in gut epithelial cells such as for treatment of hemophilia (Lozier, 1997). However, local and stable long-term in vivo expression of genes in the gastrointestinal tract has not been achieved by any method. One particularly intractable set of digestive diseases is caused by nitric oxide deficiency. A relative deficiency of nitric oxide (NO), a readily diffusible gas, is implicated in a variety of gastrointestinal motility disorders including achalasia, Chagas' disease, diabetic gastroparesis, Hirschsprung's disease, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Amyl nitrate, nitroglycerin and, more recently, sildenafil, all of which are believed to work by augmenting the NO pathway, have been used to diagnose or treat some of these conditions in the esophagus, as well as in other sphincteric regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Unfortunately, these pharmacological agents are transient in effect and have wide systemic side effects. Thus, if it were possible to restore the local expression of nitric oxide in a stable, long term manner, significant progress could be made in treating these dysfunctions. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Transfer assembly for use by caregivers to lift, support and move the elderly or infirm Inventor(s): Bezalel, Guy; (Givataim, IL) Correspondence: Nath & Associates, Pllc; Sixth Floor; 1030 15th Street, N.W.; Washington; DC; 20005; US Patent Application Number: 20040025250 Date filed: August 8, 2003 Abstract: In a transfer assembly for use by caregivers to lift, support or move an elderly or infirm patient, a sling supports a posterior portion of the patient during movement
Patents 269 thereof, and is anchored toward a lower back portion of the caregiver via connecting straps for supporting the patient. This may be done by attaching the straps to a support worn by the caregiver. On lifting the patient, tension is applied to the connecting straps so as to assist in lifting the patient. The tension applies a counteracting force to the pelvis or hips of the caregiver, which are much less subject to strain that the weaker muscles in the lower back. As a result, lower back strain to the caregiver is significantly reduced. Excerpt(s): This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application serial No. 60/402,537 filed Aug. 12, 2002. This invention relates to transfer belts used by caregivers to lift, support and move the elderly or infirm. Transfer belts or, as they are also known, gait belts allow a caregiver to lift, support and move the elderly or infirm. Essentially, they comprise a belt or harness that supports, and may be worn by, the patient and includes handles for gripping by the caregiver when lifting or moving the patient. Such devices are well known in the art and representative examples taught in the patent literature include the following. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html • Undershirt Inventor(s): Kaname, Eiji; (Osaka, JP), Osada, Shoji; (Osaka, JP), Sakaguchi, Tatsuo; (Osaka, JP), Uno, Hidekazu; (Osaka, JP) Correspondence: Merchant & Gould PC; P.O. Box 2903; Minneapolis; MN; 55402-0903; US Patent Application Number: 20040016041 Date filed: May 23, 2003 Abstract: An undershirt worn in a state of being substantially in close contact with a surface of an upper body of a wearer includes a main constituent portion made of stretchable materials that include a first-type material, a second-type material, and a third-type material. The first-type material has a straining force greater than a straining force of the second-type material, and the second-type material has a straining force greater than a straining force of the third-type material. In the undershirt, the first-type material is arranged in regions such that in each region the material covers at least a part of musculus triceps brachii. The third-type material is arranged in regions such that in each region the material covers at least a part of a lateral portion of musculus trapezius, at least a part of a superior portion of musculus latissimus dorsi, and at least a part of a medial portion of musculus deltoideus in a vicinity of scapula. The second-type material is arranged in regions other than the regions where the first-type and third-type materials are arranged. Thus, an undershirt is provided in which materials having different straining forces are arranged in regions appropriately, according to movements of the muscles during pitching and batting, thereby intentionally improving motions of the shoulders and the arms. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates generally to an undershirt that is worn in a state of being substantially in close contact with a surface of an upper body of a wearer, and particularly to a baseball undershirt that facilitates a pitching motion and a batting motion. (3) both of torso pieces and sleeves are formed with a 100% polyester filament fabric, and are treated so as to absorb sweat. The foregoing various types of conventional undershirts are formed with fabrics having a certain stretchability and a high sweat-absorbing property. Such an undershirt has a shape with a relatively great
270 Muscles allowance, thereby being shaped so as not to be fitted tightly to, or not to be in contact with, the skin of a wearer, and is composed of roughly four parts of a front torso piece, a back torso piece, and sleeves. Though undershirts have differences in shape depending on purposes of use, such as short-sleeved, long-sleeved, high-necked, and turtle-necked, their functions center on the comfort to the wearers when the undershirts are worn, such as sweat absorption and heat retention during or after playing sports. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with muscles, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “muscles” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on muscles. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning muscles. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.
271 CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON MUSCLES Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to muscles. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on muscles include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan. Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “muscles” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on muscles: • Relaxation Training Manual for People Who Are Hard-of-Hearing: Procedures for Reducing Stress Related to Hearing Loss, Revised Edition Source: The Living With Hearing Loss Program Series. Erie, PA. 2003. 58p. Contact: Available from Sam Trychin, Ph.D., 212 Cambridge Road, Erie, PA 16511. (814) 897-1194. E-mail: [email protected]. Web site: www.trychin.com. PRICE: $23.00, shipping and handling included. Summary: Communication difficulties resulting from hearing loss produce stress for many people-hearing family members as well as those who are hard of hearing or late- deafened. People who have cochlear implants may also, at various stages, experience high levels of stress. Ordinarily, stress interferes with focusing attention, effective thinking, and problem solving, resulting in a cycle in which communication difficulties produce stress which, in turn, contributes to further communication difficulties. One effective way to break this cycle and reduce the effects of stress is to learn to relax.
272 Muscles Relaxation in this regard is a technical term that means altering various physiological states or body conditions, e.g., de-contracting the muscles, lowering blood pressure, deepening respiration, etc. There are several methods for achieving this type of relaxation, and this book describes these methods and their benefits. • Ageless Exercise: A Gentle Approach for the Inactive or Physically Limited Source: Williamsburg, MI: Angelwood Press. 1994. 63 p. Contact: Available from Publishers Distribution Service, 6893 Sullivan Avenue, Grawn , MI 49637. (800) 345-0098. PRICE: $10.95 plus $3.50 postage and handling. Summary: This book for inactive or physically limited individuals explains the process of centering and describes specific movements for loosening, stretching, and strengthening muscles. Loosening exercises are provided for the shoulders, hips, spine, feet and ankles, hands and wrists, face, and eyes. Stretching exercise focus on the legs, arms, and whole body, and strengthening exercises focus on the abdomen, back, arms, and whole body. Several sequential movement cycles are suggested, guidelines for creating individualized movements and designing a personalized movement program are provided, and various relaxation techniques are described. In addition, sample chair, chair/standing, floor/chair, and floor/standing programs are presented. 9 references. • Lupus: Everything You Need to Know Source: Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing Group. 1998. 238 p. Contact: Available from Avery Publishing Group. 120 Old Broadway, Garden City Park, NY 11040. (800) 548-5757. PRICE: $12.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN 0895298333. Summary: This book for people with lupus and their families uses a question and answer format to provide clear and concise information about this autoimmune disease. Chapter 1 presents an overview of lupus, focusing on the nature of lupus; the features of the three kinds of lupus; the causal factors involved; the progression of the disease; and its triggers. The next chapter answers questions about the diagnosis of lupus, focusing on common tests such as the antinuclear antibody test, the anti-deoxyribonucleic acid test, the anticardiolipin antibody test, and the anti-Smith test. It also identifies important factors in diagnosing lupus, visualization, and other procedures that are helpful in the diagnosis of lupus. The third chapter focuses on the symptoms of lupus, including common symptoms; complications of the joints and muscles, skin, kidneys, nervous system, blood, cardiovascular system, lungs, gastrointestinal system, reproductive system, mouth, and eyes; aches and pains; sun sensitivity; infections; and fatigue. Chapter 4 provides answers to questions about the methods of treating lupus, other than medication, focusing on physical therapy, plasmapheresis, alternative medicine, diet, and rest and exercise. The focus of the next chapter is on medications used to treat lupus, including aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and dehydroepiandrosterone. The final chapter answers questions about the impact of lupus on sexual activity, pregnancy, family life, and work. An appendix lists sources of additional information. • Let's Get Things Moving: Overcoming Constipation Source: Woollahra, New South Wales, Australia: Health Books, Gore and Osment Publications. 1992. 72 p. Contact: Available from Health Books, Gore and Osment Publications, Private Box 427, 150 Queen Street, Woollahra, NSW 2025, Australia. (02) 361-5244. Fax (02) 360-7558.
Books 273 PRICE: $9.95 (Australian). ISBN: 1875531238. Also available from National Association for Continence (formerly Help For Incontinent People). P.O. Box 8310, Spartanburg, SC 29305-8310. (800) BLADDER or (864) 579-7900. Fax (864) 579-7902. PRICE: $9.95 plus $2.00 shipping (as of 1996). Summary: This book on managing constipation is from a series of health books that provide straightforward, easy to understand information on a variety of health issues. Eleven chapters address the definition of constipation, its symptoms, and incidence; physiology of defecation; bowel anatomy; causes of constipation, including travel, changes in routine, food and nutrition, pain, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy; acute and chronic constipation in children; causes of constipation in the elderly; self-help strategies; the role of fiber; slow transit constipation; obstructed defecation; pelvic floor muscles; good defecation dynamics; diagnostic tests used to confirm bowel dysfunction; and surgical options for treatment, including rubber banding, sphincterotomy, rectopexy, proctectomy, colectomy, colostomy, and ileostomy. The book concludes with a glossary of terms. Simple, sometimes humorous, line drawings illustrate many of the concepts presented. • The women's complete wellness book Source: New York, NY: St. Martin's Griffin. 2000. 596 pp. Contact: Available from St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. $19.96. Summary: This book provides information relating to women's health issues and achieving optimal health and maintaining wellness. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents an overview of women's health issues. Part II provides a detailed discussion about routine health care and the health concerns that arise in each stage of life as well as the importance of proactive routine care. Part III offers guidelines for making sensible lifestyle choices including the role of good nutrition, regular exercise, adequate rest, and relaxation. Part III also examines mental health concerns, injury and accident prevention, sexuality, relationships, communication, violence prevention, family planning, pregnancy, and menopause. Part IV discusses the complex systems of a woman's body, including the following topics: the cardiovascular system; reducing the risk of cancers; protecting the body from infection; lowering the risk of metabolic diseases; maintaining the mind; and strengthening the bones and muscles. The book is sponsored by the American Medical Women's Association and produced by the Philip Lief Group. • Stephen Biesty's Incredible Body Source: New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc. 1998. 31 p. Contact: Available from DK Publishing, Inc. 95 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. (212) 213-4800. Fax (212) 213-5240. Website: www.dk.com. PRICE: $19.95. ISBN: 0789434245. Summary: This colorful children's book offers a wild journey through the human body. Readers follow the adventures of two tiny explorers through the labyrinth of arteries, veins, bones, and organs that make up author Stephen Biesty's body, and every human body. Using the special equipment they carry in their backpacks, the intrepid voyagers investigate every nook and cranny of Stephen's body to find out how it works, and what happens if it does not. Along the way, they meet the teams of body workers who maintain and service Stephen's body, and who explain exactly what they must do to
274 Muscles keep Stephen going. The teams are color coded, to assist in understanding the complexity of the body's systems. The hormone team is dressed in green, the blood team in red, the immune team in purple, the muscle team in orange, the nerve team in blue, and specialized home team aspects of each organ are in white. Showered by bile and squashed in a muscle as it contracts, the explorers are catapulted from one close call to another, until they reach the end of their adventure and escape from Stephen's body in a most unusual way (sneezed out his nose). There are 11 detailed illustrations: the eye, the ear, the brain, the spinal cord and nerves, the skeleton, skin and muscles, the mouth and gut, the lymph and blood system, the kidneys, the bladder and reproductive system, the heart, and the nose and lungs. The gastrointestinal tract is the subject of a double centerfold page. A brief subject index is included. • The OrganWise guys: A book about how to be smart from the inside out Source: Duluth, GA: Wellness Incorporated. 1996. ca. 30 pp. Contact: Available from Michelle Lombardo, Wellness Incorporated, 3000 Coles Way, Atlanta, GA 30350. Telephone: (770) 495-0374 / fax: (770) 495-0375. $14.95. Summary: This illustrated children's book teaches children about their heart, brain, kidneys, liver, intestines, pancreas, stomach, lungs, veins, arteries, and muscles. The book also teaches rules of good health and about keeping cholesterol low, exercise, nutrition, use of water, and fiber. • Take Care of Your Back: A Self-Care Handbook Source: South Deerfield, MA: Channing L. Bete Company, Inc. 2000. 31 p. Contact: Available from Channing L. Bete Company, Inc. 200 State Road, South Deerfield, MA 01372-0200. (800)628-7733. Fax: (800) 499-6464. E-mail: [email protected]. PRICE: Contact company for pricing information; available in bulk. Order Number: 96270B-10-00. Summary: This illustrated handbook provides people who have back pain with information on treating it and preventing it from recurring. The back is composed of vertebrae, the spinal cord, muscles, the sciatic nerve, disks, facet joints, nerves, and ligaments. Causes of back pain include strains, sprains, or spasms; a herniated disk; osteoarthritis; weak muscles, poor posture, or weight problems; sciatica; emotional stress; and certain health conditions. Although mild back symptoms may be self treated, medical advice is needed in some cases. Treating back pain at home involves using over the counter pain relievers, applying sources of cold and heat to the painful area, performing physical activity, managing stress using relaxation techniques, and taking precautions while recovering. Medical treatments for back pain include prescription medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, traction, biofeedback, and corsets. Correct body mechanics should be used when standing, walking, sitting, driving, sleeping, shoveling, raking, and vacuuming. Proper lifting techniques can help prevent back strain. Ergonomics can be used to reduce back strain at work. Regular physical activity is important to reduce the risk of injury. Moderate activities that are gentle on the back include walking, swimming, and riding a stationary bike. Various exercises including the cat stretch, elbow props, the pelvic tilt, hip rolls, the knee to chest lift, and bent leg situps help stretch and strengthen the back. Maintaining a healthy weight also helps reduce the risk of back injury.
Books 275 • Promoting the Development of Young Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Guide for Mid-Level Rehabilitation Workers Source: Albany, NY: World Health Organization (WHO). 1993. 87 p. Contact: Available from World Health Organization (WHO). Publications Center, 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210. (518) 436-9686. PRICE: $10.80 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This manual from the World Health Organization (WHO) is designed for midlevel rehabilitation workers who work with children who have cerebral palsy and their families, and with other rehabilitation or health workers. The manual includes information on early detection of cerebral palsy and assessment of the child's development. Training suggestions are given for promoting mobility, self-help, and communication skills. Communication problems related to cerebral palsy include hearing loss and problems with eating and speaking because of a reduced ability to control the muscles of the tongue, lips, and throat. The chapter on communication outlines some of these problems and presents recommendations for addressing them. One section describes alternative ways of communicating, including asking yes or no questions, using picture boards, and using sign language. • Physiology of Hearing. 3rd ed Source: Alexandria, VA: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. (AAO-HNS). 1993. 74 p. Contact: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. (AAO-HNS). One Prince Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. (703) 836-4444. Fax (703) 683- 5100. PRICE: $20.00 for AAO-HNS members; $25.00 for nonmembers. Item Number: 5506145. Summary: This Self-Instructional Package (SIPac) booklet serves as a clinical reference on the physiology of hearing for residents in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Topics include the organization of the auditory system; psychoacoustics, including the sensitivity of the ear, loudness, pitch, sensitivity to changes, complex sounds, and directional hearing; sound conduction to the cochlea, including the effect of pinna, head and ear canal, the function of the middle ear, the acoustic impedance of the ear, the effect of air pressure changes, the effect of tympanic membrane (eardrum) perforation, the effect of fluid in the middle ear, the effect of contraction of the middle-ear muscles, and the acoustic middle-ear reflex; the inner ear, including the cochlea as a frequency analyzer, sensory transduction in the cochlea, and cochlear electrophysiology; and the auditory nervous system, including the ascending auditory pathway, the descending pathway, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP). The self-paced instruction style includes pre-tests for self-assessment, interim quizzes for each chapter, and a posttest. 37 figures. • Children with Disabilities. 4th ed Source: Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company. 1997. 940 p. Contact: Available from Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company. P.O. Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285-0624. (800) 638-3775 or (410) 337-9580. Fax (410) 337-8539. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.brookespublishing.com. PRICE: $49.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1557662932.
276 Muscles Summary: This textbook addresses the impact of disabilities on child development and function. Thirty-six chapters, each written by subject specialists, cover chromosomes and genetics; heredity; birth defects, prenatal diagnosis, and fetal therapy; growth before birth; the birth process; the first weeks of life; prematurity and low birth weight infants; substance abuse and the infants of drug-dependent mothers; HIV and AIDS, including transmission from mother to child; nutrition; vision; hearing; language; the brain and nervous system; muscles, bones, and nerves; mental retardation; Down syndrome; fragile X syndrome; PKU and other inborn errors of metabolism; mental retardation and psychiatric disorders; autism and other pervasive developmental disorders; attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder; learning disabilities; cerebral palsy; neural tube defects; seizure disorders; traumatic brain injury (TBI); the feeding process and feeding problems in children with disabilities; dental care; behavior management and promoting adaptive behavior; technological assistance, notably innovations that promote independence; rehabilitation interventions, including physical therapy and occupational therapy; ethical choices; caring and coping and the family of a child with disabilities; adulthood and transition issues; and the changing health care environment. Each chapter begins with a list of learning objectives. Most chapters include one or more stories, or case studies, to illustrate the conditions and issues discussed in the chapter. As medical terms are introduced in the text, they appear in bold type; definitions for these terms are provided in a glossary. More than 200 drawings, photographs, x-rays, and tables reinforce the points of the text. Each chapter closes with a final section that reviews its key elements and abstracts the material covered. A reference list is included with each chapter. There are four appendices to the book: a glossary; a list of syndromes and inborn errors of metabolism (more than 150 inherited disorders causing disabilities); indications and side effects of medications often prescribed for children with disabilities; and a directory of national organizations, specialized hospitals, protection and advocacy programs, and university affiliated programs that can provide assistance to families and professionals. An extensive subject index concludes the volume. Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the link below, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “muscles” (or a synonym) in their titles. • Amazon.com: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/external- search?tag=icongroupinterna&keyword=muscles&mode=books Chapters on Muscles In order to find chapters that specifically relate to muscles, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and muscles using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “muscles” (or synonyms)
Books 277 into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on muscles: • Masticatory Muscle Disorders Source: in Zarb, G.A., et al. Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscle Disorders. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard. 1994. p. 256-270. Contact: Available from Munksgaard. 35 Norre Sogade, P.O. Box 2148, DK 1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Phone Number: 45 33 12 70 30; Fax 45 33 12 93 87. PRICE: DDK1456.00. Contact publisher directly for current price in U.S. Dollars. ISBN: 8716106377. Summary: Disorders of masticatory muscles are a major cause of pain of non-dental origin in the oro-facial region. This chapter on masticatory muscle disorders is from a comprehensive textbook that addresses temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) and masticatory muscle disorders. Topics include pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification schemes, management, and case history presentations. The author notes that the presentation is similar in most patients, but a thorough evaluation reveals that there is not one syndrome but several related disorders which share common features. Specific disorders discussed include myalgia (localized dull aching), myofascial pain, myositis (acute painful generalized inflammation resulting from infection or trauma), splinting and spasm, contracture, hypertrophy, and symptoms of parafunction. The authors also briefly discuss the management of children. The case presentations show a range of muscle disorders and a range of outcomes, and a typical female to male ratio (2:1). 1 table. 38 references. (AA-M). • Smooth Muscle of the Gut Source: in Textbook of Gastroenterology. 4th ed. [2-volume set]. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2003. p. 92-116. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. P.O. Box 1600, Hagerstown, MD 21741. (800) 638-6423. Fax: (301) 223-2400. Website: www.lww.com. PRICE: $289.00. ISBN: 781728614. Summary: The main function of smooth muscle of the gut is to mix and propel intraluminal contents, to enable efficient digestion of food, progressive absorption of nutrients, and eventual evacuation of residues. This chapter on smooth muscle of the gut is from a lengthy, two-volume textbook that integrates the various demands of science, technology, expanding information, good judgment, and common sense into the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal patients. This chapter discusses the structure of smooth muscle, the interaction of contractile proteins, signal transduction in visceral smooth muscle, electrical properties of smooth muscle, rhythmic electrical activity of smooth muscle, neural regulation of smooth muscle by the myenteric plexus, hormonal regulation of smooth muscle function, and humoral regulation of smooth muscle function. 19 figures. 177 references. • Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises Source: in Corcos, J.; Schick, E., eds. Urinary Sphincter. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2001. p. 443-457. Contact: Available from Marcel Dekker, Inc. Cimarron Road, P.O. Box 5005, Monticello, NY 12701. (800) 228-1160 or (845) 796-1919. Fax (845) 796-1772. E-mail:
278 Muscles [email protected]. International E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.dekker.com. PRICE: $225.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0824704770. Summary: The urinary sphincter is the key to understanding both normal and abnormal function of the lower urinary tract. Its relationships with the bladder, the pelvic floor, and the bony structures of the pelvis are complex and incompletely understood. This chapter on pelvic floor muscle exercises is from a textbook that presents a detailed and systematic account of the current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, functional relationships, and range of dysfunctions that affect the urinary sphincter. The author notes that the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) are one of many factors contributing to the urethral closure mechanism. Strengthening and improving PFM function can compensate for other nonfunctioning factors. PFM exercise, with or without biofeedback, has been effective in treating female genuine stress incontinence (GSI). PFM exercises, also called Kegel exercises, have no known side effects, and women should be motivated to perform intensive PFM exercises as the first choice of treatment for stress incontinence. However, more than 30 percent of women do not contract correctly at their first consultation, and thorough individual instruction is needed. Manual techniques and electrical stimulation can be used to teach women how to contract. Three sets of 8 to 12 close-to-maximum contractions every day or every second day are recommended. Most people need motivation and encouragement to perform hard strength training. This can be achieved in individual training sessions or in specifically designed PFM exercise classes. When sufficient function has been achieved, PFM strength has to be maintained by further training, but with lower frequency. The author concludes that more research is needed to find out how much exercise will maintain sufficient PFM function and to evaluate the effect of PFM exercise in men and in patients with urge incontinence. 6 figures. 50 references. • Skeletal Muscle and the Effects of Inflammation Source: in Maddison, P.J.; et al., Eds. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology. Volume 1. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. 1993. p. 268-275. Contact: Available from Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY. Summary: This chapter for health professionals reviews the structure and function of human skeletal muscle. The structure of muscle is discussed in terms of muscle fibers, myofibrils and associated structures. Types of fibers are identified. The concept of force generation is explained. Factors that affect the quality and quantity of skeletal muscle are identified, including growth and development, aging, physical activity and training, and damage and regeneration. Muscle damage resulting from exercise is examined, focusing on metabolic and mechanical stress. Inflammatory muscle diseases are identified. The symptoms of muscle disease are described, including weakness and exercise-induced or myalgic pain. 10 references, 2 figures, 5 tables, and 1 plate. • Jaw Muscle Tightness (Trismus) Source: in Dodd, M.J. Managing the Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: A Guide for Patients and Their Families. 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco. 1996. p. 160-161. Contact: Available from UCSF Nursing Press. School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608. (415) 476-2626. PRICE: $26.00 per copy. ISBN: 0943671120.
Books 279 Summary: This chapter on jaw muscle tightness (trismus) resulting from radiation therapy is from a handbook designed to help patients and their families get through cancer treatment and on the road to recovery. The author describes what can happen, notes the anticipated duration of the complication, and then lists recommended self-care measures. Recommendations for when to consult a health care provider are given. • Signal Transduction and Glucose Transport in Muscle Source: in Devlin, J.T. and Schneider, S.H., eds. Handbook of Exercise in Diabetes. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. 2002. p. 101-124. Contact: Available from American Diabetes Association (ADA). Order Fulfillment Department, P.O. Box 930850, Atlanta, GA 31193-0850. (800) 232-6733. Fax (770) 442- 9742. Website: www.diabetes.org. PRICE: $69.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1580400191. Summary: This chapter on signal transduction and glucose transport in muscle is from a book that provides a practical, comprehensive guide to diabetes and exercise for health care professionals involved in patient care. Physical exercise can lower blood glucose concentrations in people with type 2 diabetes and make the contracting muscles more sensitive to insulin. Glucose transport is rate-limiting for glucose utilization with exercise. The GLUT4 glucose transporter is responsible for the majority of exercise- stimulated and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle. With exercise and insulin, GLUT4 moves from inside the muscle to the cell surface (translocation). Exercise signaling to GLUT4 translocation is poorly understood, but recent evidence suggests a role for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic fuel sensor. The finding that there are different signaling proteins leading to exercise and insulin stimulated GLUT4 translocation provides a molecular explanation for the ability of exercise to result in normal or near-normal activation of glucose transport in insulin- resistant individuals. The signaling molecules that mediate the ability of exercise to make the contracting muscles more sensitive to insulin in the postexercise period have not been defined. 3 figures. 102 references. • Chapter 46: Bones, Joints, and Muscles Source: in Berkow, R., ed. The Merck Manual of Medical Information: Home Edition (online version). Rahway, NJ: Merck and Company, Inc. 2000. 3 p. Contact: Available online from Merck and Company, Inc. (800) 819-9456. Website: www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/contents.htm. Also available from your local book store. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping. Summary: This chapter provides the general public and people who have musculoskeletal disorders with an overview of their causes, diagnosis, and treatment. The musculoskeletal system is composed of the skeleton, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other components of joints. All the bones in the body make up the skeleton. Bones are either flat or long, and they consist of a hard outer part composed largely of proteins and hydroxyapatite. The center of each bone consists of marrow, which is softer and less dense than the rest of the bone. Marrow contains specialized cells that produce blood cells. Joints are formed where bones meet. Some joints do not move, while others allow a range of motion. In a joint, the ends of bones are covered with cartilage. Joints also consist of synovial tissue that encloses them to form the joint capsule. Muscles are fiber bundles that can contract. Tendons are tough bands of connective tissue that attach each end of a muscle to a bone. Ligaments surround joints and connect one bone to another. Bursas are fluid filled sacs that provide extra cushioning between adjacent structures.
280 Muscles Musculoskeletal disorders are major causes of chronic pain and physical disability. Injuries to bones, muscles, and joints are very common. Inflammation, a natural response to tissue irritation or damage, causes swelling, redness, heat, and loss of function. An inflammation may be localized or widespread, and it may become chronic and persistent. Bone and joint infections require immediate treatment to prevent permanent joint damage. Bone can be affected by benign tumors and cancers, and metabolic and hormonal imbalances can also affect bones and joints. Laboratory tests and imaging studies may be used to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders. Treatment depends on the type of disorder diagnosed. Therapeutic options include conservative measures and drug therapy. 2 figures. • Rectus Muscle Sling Procedure for Severe Stress Urinary Incontinence Source: in Graham, S.D., Jr., et al., eds. Glenn's Urologic Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 1998. p. 357-360. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. P.O. Box 1600, Hagerstown, MD 21741. (800) 638-3030 or (301) 714-2300. Fax (301) 824-7390. Website: lww.com. PRICE: $199.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0397587376. Summary: Type III stress urinary incontinence results from intrinsic dysfunction of the urethra and bladder neck incompetence. Effective surgical repair must restore closure of the deficient urethra. This chapter on the rectus muscle sling procedure used for severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is from an exhaustive textbook on urologic surgery. Current surgical techniques include the use of fascial slings, vaginal island slings, artificial urinary sphincter, or periurethral injections. Traditional indications would reserve sling procedures for those who have failed a primary surgical repair. In contemporary practice, the sling is also used as a primary procedure for patients with severe SUI. Clinical features would include leakage with a flood that occurs instantly with the first cough in a supine position, that occurs with a comfortably full bladder, or that occurs while standing without provocation. The authors detail the surgical technique using a combined abdominal and vaginal approach. Complications from this operation are few, but can include superficial wound infection and pelvic abscess. The authors note that voiding is quite normal for many of these patients after rectus muscle sling, and there are few complaints of irritative symptoms. 3 figures. 1 reference.
281 CHAPTER 6. MULTIMEDIA ON MUSCLES Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on muscles. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine. Video Recordings An excellent source of multimedia information on muscles is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to “Videorecording” and “muscles” using the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find video productions, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Videorecording (videotape, videocassette, etc.).” Type “muscles” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for video recordings on muscles: • Chair Dancing Presents Chair Yoga: Stretching and Relaxation From the Comfort of Your Chair Source: Del Mar, CA: Chair Dancing International Inc. 2002. (Videorecording). Contact: Available from Chair Dancing International Inc. 2658 Del Mar Heights Road, Del Mar, CA 92014. (858) 793-1177. Fax: (858) 793-0747. Website: www.chairdancing.com. PRICE: $19.95; plus $4.00 shipping and handling. Summary: Chair Dancing is a unique, no-impact fitness program done while seated comfortably on a chair. It is beneficial to all individuals, even those whose physical condition, restricted mobility, or age, limits their participation in conventional forms of exercise. Chair Dancing is a safe, medically sound program that provides cardiovascular benefits, muscle-toning, flexibility, and complete range-of-motion exercise. The Chair Dancing method of instruction imparts constant positive reinforcement for the health value of exercise. This video incorporates this health-affirming narration, with stretching and strengthening exercises, breathing techniques, relaxation, and self massage, to
282 Muscles present a program of Chair Yoga. Chair Yoga promotes relaxation and alleviates stress, increases mobility, loosens and limbers stiff joints, improves posture, strengthens muscles, stimulates circulation, and improves balance and coordination. • Dynamotion. Kids Gotta Move. Food Fun Source: Dynamotion Enterprises, LLC and Take Aim Media. Mirage Video Productions. 26 minutes. 2003. Contact: Anice Hoachlander at [email protected] or Laurie Carkeet at [email protected] 8555 16th Street, Suite 750, Silver Spring, MD 20910. 301-588- 1500 or 1-888-take-aim. www.takeaimmedia.com. Summary: Combining animation and live action, this video, geared towards children ages 4 to 8, teaches how muscles work and ways to have fun moving one's body. The goal of the video is to give children an understanding of positive self-image, life-long learning, and healthy physical development. The video includes a question and answer segment with facts on muscles, rhythmic dances and songs, swimming therapy for special needs children, and healthy 'power snacks.' It uses an interactive approach to 'teach school-aged children and their families to lead healthy, active lives'. • Kidney Source: Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities and Sciences. 1998. (videocassette). Contact: Available from Films for the Humanities and Sciences. P.O. Box 2053, Princeton, NJ 08543-2053. (800) 257-5126 or (609) 275-1400. Fax (609) 275-3767. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.films.com. PRICE: $59.95 plus shipping and handling. Order number CAF7591. Summary: Designed for use in the high school classroom, this videotape program on the kidney is one in a series that focuses on human genetics and six biological systems (muscles and bones, digestion, respiration, blood and circulation, the kidneys, and reproduction). This program discusses the structure and function of the kidneys and describes how they help maintain homeostasis in the body. The program is narrated by a high school science teacher and features interviews with physicians and other health care providers. The program begins by introducing homeostasis and describing the three processes of the kidney: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. A brief discussion of the difference between secretion and excretion is provided. The physiology of the kidneys is described, including the filtration of blood and maintenance of water, minerals, electrolytes, acid content, and protein content, the excretion of waste (urea and creatinine), and the production of hormones. The program then briefly discusses kidney malfunctions and shows hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis as they are performed at a children's hospital. • Armchair Fitness: Gentle Exercise Source: Silver Spring, MD: CC-M Productions. 1996. (videocassette). Contact: Available from Armchair Fitness Videos-CHID. CC-M Productions. 8510 Cedar Street, Silver Spring, MD 20910. (800) 453-6280. Fax (301) 585-2321. PRICE: $29.95 plus $4.00 shipping and handling; series of 4 videocassettes available for $119.96 plus $7.50 shipping and handling. Summary: This exercise videotape features men and women of different ethnic groups and ages demonstrating aerobics that can be performed while seated. The 30-minute
Multimedia 283 program is designed for persons with limited strength and range of motion. Teacher Betty Switkes, age 68, progresses through a gentle full-body routine including a seated dance and a refreshing relaxation accompanied by showstyle music. The program focuses on breathing techniques, getting one's heart rate up, strengthening muscles, and relaxation. The videotape is one in a series of four programs, including strength improvement, yoga health, and aerobics. (AA-M). • Silent Stalker: A Video Promoting Prevention of Hepatitis and Substance Abuse Source: Cedar Grove, NJ: Hepatitis Foundation International. 2000. (videocassette). Contact: Available from Hepatitis Foundation International. 30 Sunrise Terrace, Cedar Grove, NJ 07009-1423. (800) 891-0707. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.hepfi.org. PRICE: $35.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This health promotion video describes hepatitis, a viral infection of the liver. The program begins in black and white, with spooky music, and introduces hepatitis as the Silent Stalker; various people are shown running in fear from a mysterious assailant. Then, young adult narrators stress that knowledge is power, which can be used to prevent hepatitis. The anatomy and physiology of the liver is briefly reviewed; the liver's roles as the body's chemical power plant, storage for energy supply, protein manufacturer (to build and repair muscles), and protector against germs, viruses, and poisons from alcohol and drugs. The program notes that the body usually offers pain to indicate damage or disease, however, the liver is an uncomplaining organ, so it can be under great stress or damage without symptoms. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are reviewed, and viewers are encouraged to get the hepatitis B vaccine. The narrators then review the strategies to prevent hepatitis C, including avoiding shared injectable drug equipment (needles), making sure that body piercing or tattooing needles used are sterilized, and practicing safe sex by using a condom. The narrators stress that they are not judging peoples' activities, just providing information and encouraging viewers to make healthy decisions for themselves. The theme of 'you've got the power' (to prevent infection) is reiterated. The program concludes with the same people that were shown fleeing at the beginning; the ending is filmed in color, with upbeat music and smiling faces. Contact information for the Hepatitis Foundation International is also provided (www.hepfi.org; 800-891-0707). • Impotence and Diabetes Source: Los Angeles, CA: National Health Video, Inc. 1999. (videocassette). Contact: Available from National Health Video, Inc. 12021 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 550, Los Angeles, CA 90025. (800) 543-6803. Fax (310) 477-8198. E-mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $89.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This patient education videotape program reviews the problem of erectile dysfunction (impotence) and diabetes mellitus. The program defines erectile dysfunction (ED) as the consistent inability to get and maintain an erection. The program first explores the physiology of erections (how they happen), including the need for mental and physical stimulation, nerve impulses in the brain, and responses in muscles, fibrous tissues, and veins and arteries. The program offers a diagram and the use of a balloon to describe how an erection happens, the anatomy of the corpera cavernosa, and the role of nitrous oxide as a neurochemical transmitter. Age is noted as a factor in ED, and men with diabetes tend to develop ED 10 to 15 years earlier than men who do not have diabetes. The program notes that psychological factors (stress, depression, guilt, and performance anxiety) can cause 10 to 15 percent of ED; a series of
284 Muscles self test questions are included for viewers to determine if psychological factors may play a role in their own ED. For men with diabetes, nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy) is the most likely culprit for causing ED; damage to the blood vessels (atherosclerosis) is another cause. Poor blood glucose control is the most important factor in both of these problems. The program includes a section noting the impact of drugs (including alcohol and nicotine) on ED. The program outlines the steps in diagnosing erectile problems, including first admitting that there is a problem, talking with a doctor, undergoing diagnostic tests, and participating in treatment. The final section reviews treatment options, reiterating the importance of good blood glucose control and describing the use of drug therapy (Viagra), vacuum erectile systems, self injection, and surgery (blood vessel repair and penile implants). The program includes drawings, graphics, and footage of patients and their physicians through the diagnosis and treatment processes. • Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis: Male Pelvis Source: Chapel Hill, NC: Health Sciences Consortium. 1991. Contact: Available from Health Sciences Consortium. 201 Silver Cedar Court, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-1517. (919) 942-8731. PRICE: Purchase price $395 for HSC members, $276.50 for non-members. Rental price $55 members, $80 non-members. Order number N901-VI-077. Summary: This program is designed to provide the viewer with a detailed examination of the anatomy of the male pelvis. The videotape is part of a series that is designed for students of medicine, nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and students of other health professions taking courses in human anatomy. Using bones and gross specimens, Dr. Chandra describes the relevant osteology, muscles, viscera, vessels, and nerves. An examination of the bladder, prostate, and seminal vesicles is presented. The arteries, veins and their branches are exposed and the paths traced, with special emphasis placed on the internal iliac vessels. (AA-M). • Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis Series Source: Chapel Hill, NC: Health Sciences Consortium. 1990. (videocassettes). Contact: Available from Health Sciences Consortium. Distribution Department, 201 Silver Cedar Court, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-1517. (919) 942-8731. Fax (919) 942-3689. PRICE: $663.60 for HSC members, $948.00 for nonmembers (as of 1996). Item Number C901-VI-073S. Rentals: $55.00 per tape (HSC members); $80 (nonmembers). Summary: This series provides the viewer with a detailed examination of the anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis. The series is designed for students of medicine, nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and students of other health professions taking courses in anatomy. Four programs cover the male perineum, the female perineum, the female pelvis, and the male pelvis. In each, the narrator, Dr. Shakti Chandra, uses diagrams, models, and prosected specimens to review the anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis. Relevant bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels are indicated, and important movements, attachments, and relationships are discussed. (AA-M). • Jodi Stolove's Chair Dancing Presents Sit Down and Tone Up Source: Del Mar, CA: Chair Dancing International, Inc. 1996. (videocassette).
Multimedia 285 Contact: Available from Chair Dancing International, Inc. 2658 Del Mar Heights Road, Del Mar, CA 92014. (800) 551-4386. Fax (619) 793-0747. PRICE: $14.95 for videocassette plus shipping and handling. Summary: This video presents a unique seated strength training program that stimulates bone growth, improves posture, decreases body fat, and improves balance and mobility. The program focuses on strengthening, toning, and shaping arm, shoulder, and back muscles while seated in a chair. Leg and abdominal exercises, followed by gentle stretching, complete the 20 minute workout. The program offers a medically sound cardiovascular fitness alternative to people whose physical condition, restricted mobility, or age limit their participation in conventional forms of exercise. The program will benefit people of all fitness levels. • Diabetes and Food Myths Source: Los Angeles, CA: National Health Video, Inc. 1997. (videocassette). Contact: Available from National Health Video, Inc. 12021 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 550, Los Angeles, CA 90025. (800) 543-6803. Fax (310) 477-8198. E-mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $89.00 plus shipping and handling. Order number 250. Summary: This videotape examines diabetes and food myths. One myth is that sugar causes diabetes. Sugar itself does not cause of diabetes. The way the body responds to blood sugar is the cause of the problem. Another myth is that people who have diabetes can never eat any sugar. Research has shown that sugar does not have a greater effect on blood glucose than any other carbohydrate; therefore, people who have diabetes can eat some sugar if it is incorporated into their meal plan. A third myth is that people who have diabetes must eat very differently from other people. A low fat diet based on the principles of variety, proportion, and moderation is appropriate for people who have diabetes, as well as for the general public. People who have diabetes can find the elements of a healthy diet in the food guide pyramid. The video reviews foods in the pyramid and offers tips on preparing foods from various groups. Another myth dispelled in the video is that people who have diabetes have no role in developing their meal plan. In fact, patient participation in the development of a meal plan is a factor in its success. Other myths are that fat free means calorie free and that alcohol consumption and exercise are unimportant. The video points out that fat free foods are not calorie or carbohydrate free, so they should not be consumed in unlimited quantities. In addition, the video stresses that alcohol consumption can cause hypoglycemia and affect weight and that exercise is needed because it helps maintain weight and makes muscles and tissues more sensitive to insulin. • Sit and Be Fit: Caregiver's Guide to Exercise Source: Spokane, WA: Sit and Be Fit. 1995. Contact: Available from Sit and Be Fit, Inc. PO Box 8033, Spokane, WA 99203. (509) 448- 9438; FAX: (509) 448-5078. EMAIL: [email protected]. PRICE: $29.95 plus $3.00 shipping and handling. Summary: This videotape is designed to help bed-ridden or minimally ambulatory individuals exercise their joints and muscles as part of their daily routine. This 48- minute workout is designed to improve daily functioning, prevent deconditioning, and teach relaxation. The video includes morning bed exercises, afternoon seated exercises, evening seated exercises, self-massage, and relaxation techniques. Two \"egg shakers,\" small hand-held rhythm instruments designed to help stimulate cognitive functioning
286 Muscles and motivate the hands to move equally, are included with the video. The video is appropriate for patients whose cognitive function ranges from healthy to mildly impaired. Caregivers might also find the exercises, self-massage, and relaxation techniques helpful for maintaining their own health and well-being. • Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis: The Male Perineum Source: Chapel Hill, NC: Health Sciences Consortium. 1990. (videocassette). Contact: Available from Health Sciences Consortium. Distribution Department, 201 Silver Cedar Court, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-1517. (919) 942-8731. Fax (919) 942-3689. PRICE: $276.50 for HSC members, $395.00 for nonmembers (as of 1996). Item Number C901-VI-074. Rentals: $55.00 (HSC members); $80 (nonmembers). Summary: This videotape is one of a series that provides the viewer with a detailed examination of the anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis. The series is designed for students of medicine, nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and students of other health professions taking courses in anatomy. This program discusses the male perineum. The narrator, Dr. Shakti Chandra, uses diagrams, models, and prosected specimens to review the anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis. Relevant bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels are indicated, and important movements, attachments, and relationships are discussed. (AA-M). • Stadtlanders Stars for Life Fitness Video: Designed Especially for Transplant Recipients Source: Pittsburgh, PA: Stadtlanders Pharmacy. 1994. Contact: Available from Stadtlanders Pharmacy. 600 Penn Center Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15235-5810. (800) 238-7828 or (412) 825-8155. Fax: (412) 825-8160. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This videotape presents exercise instructions and advice for transplant recipients who have been out of the hospital for at least 8 weeks, are otherwise in good health, and have permission from their physician to participate in an aerobic program. The videotape presents a low-impact fitness program designed to improve circulation, increase stamina, strengthen muscles, and be fun. The workout features two levels of intensity, so viewers can choose the one that is most appropriate for themselves. The program includes a warm-up and stretch section; an aerobics section; a set of abdominal exercises; and a cool-down section. The accompanying syllabus discusses the importance of regular exercise after transplant; ideas for a bone-building workout; the Borg scale; and the members of the Stars for Life fitness team depicted in the videotape program. • How to Stay Dry: Seven Activities You Can Do to Stay or Become Dry Source: Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Nursing. 1995. (videocassette). Contact: Available from Health Sciences Consortium. Distribution Department, 201 Silver Cedar Court, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-1517. (919) 942-8731. Fax (919) 942-3689. E- mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $195.00 (nonmembers) or $146.25 (members). HSC catalog number N951-VI-072. Summary: This videotape program is designed to help adults with urinary incontinence reduce or eliminate the possibility of a wetting accident. The viewer is introduced to
Multimedia 287 seven activities that have been proven to help incontinence, none of which involve the use of instruments or medical procedures. The suggestions are to make environmental feature adjustments, such as using a raised toilet seat and wearing easy-to-remove clothing; drinking adequate liquids; making dietary changes for constipation, such as adding bran or prunes to the diet; emptying the bladder five to eight times daily; exercising the pelvic floor muscles as described in the program; stopping smoking, as coughing can cause wetting accidents; and taking vitamin E and vitamin B complex. (AA-M). • What is Spasmodic Dysphonia? Source: Chicago, IL: National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association (NSDA). 1997. (videocassette). Contact: Available from National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association (NSDA). One East Wacker Drive, Suite 2430, Chicago, IL 60601-1905. (800) 795-6732. Fax (312) 803-0138. E- mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $10.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: This videotape program, designed for patients, health care providers and the general public, offers an explanation of spasmodic dysphonia (SD), a neurological condition affecting the nerves that control the muscles of speech. Narrated by Chip Hanauer, a race-car driver who has SD and who serves as the spokesperson for the National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association (NSDA), the program focuses on the symptoms and diagnosis of SD. Topics covered include the difficulties of obtaining an accurate diagnosis of SD, the symptoms of SD, the impact of certain situations (high stress, telephone use) on the voice symptoms of SD, the need for a multidisciplinary team to be involved in the diagnosis, the use of diagnostic tests (such as laryngoscopy), treatment options (botulinum toxin, voice therapy, surgery), the stages of improvement after botulinum injections, the need for patient involvement in tracking symptoms and calibrating appropriate dosages of botulinum, the importance of support groups, psychosocial factors (the problem of self-isolation, employment considerations, and the role of counseling), and current research studies. The program features interviews members of an SD support group, as well as footage of physician-patient interactions. The program concludes with Larry Kolasa of the NSDA describing the four goals of the association: to build awareness of SD, to advance research, to enable networking of patients and organizations, and to serve as a clearinghouse of information. Audio Recordings The Combined Health Information Database contains abstracts on audio productions. To search CHID, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find audio productions, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Sound Recordings.” Type “muscles” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for sound recordings on muscles: • Pelvic Muscle Exercises: Audio Cassette Tape and Manual Source: Spartanburg, SC: National Association for Continence (NAFC). 199x. (audiocassette and manual).
288 Muscles Contact: Available from National Association for Continence (NAFC). P.O. Box 8310, Spartanburg, SC 29305-8310. (800) BLADDER or (864) 579-7900. Fax (864) 579-7902. PRICE: $6.00 plus $2.00 shipping and handling (as of 1996). Item number 316. Summary: This booklet and audiocassette package presents an overview of pelvic muscle training for urinary incontinence. Topics include the types of urinary incontinence, the causes of urinary incontinence, the anatomy of the male and female pelvic floor muscles, the use of pelvic muscle training in preventing and treating incontinence, how to know when the appropriate muscles are being exercised, when and how frequently the exercises should be done, and the types of results to expect. Specific exercises, separated into easy and difficult exercises, are described and illustrated in the booklet. The program concludes with some helpful hints for lifting and for rising from a reclining position without straining the stomach muscles. The package is designed to be most useful to women with mild to moderate stress and urge incontinence.
289 CHAPTER 7. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources. U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for muscles. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non- profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI Advice for the Patient can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with muscles. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks, etc.). The
290 Muscles following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to muscles: Alefacept • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Amevive http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/500465.html Alfuzosin • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Uroxatral; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/500487.html Amantadine • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Symmetrel http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202024.html Aminoglycosides • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Amikin; Garamycin; G-Mycin; Jenamicin; Kantrex; Nebcin; Netromycin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202027.html Anabolic Steroids • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Anadrol-50; Deca-Durabolin; Durabolin; Durabolin-50; Hybolin Decanoate; Hybolin-Improved; Kabolin; Oxandrin; Winstrol http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202035.html Androgens • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Andro L.A. 200; Androderm; AndroGel 1%; Android; Android-F; Andronate 100; Andronate 200; Andropository 200; Andryl 200; Delatest; Delatestryl; Depotest; Depo-Testosterone; Everone 200; Halotestin; ORETON Methyl; T-Cypionate; Testamone 100; Testaqua; Te http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202036.html Androgens and Estrogens • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Depo-Testadiol; Estratest; Estratest H.S.; Valertest No. 1 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202037.html Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors • ACE - U.S. Brands: Accupril; Aceon; Altace; Capoten; Lotensin; Mavik; Monopril; Prinivil; Univasc; Vasotec; Zestril http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202044.html Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Anaspaz; A-Spas S/L; Banthine; Bentyl; Cantil; Cystospaz; Cystospaz-M; Donnamar; ED-SPAZ; Gastrosed; Homapin; Levbid; Levsin; Levsin/SL; Levsinex Timecaps; Pro-Banthine; Quarzan; Robinul; Robinul Forte; Symax SL http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202049.html
Researching Medications 291 Anticonvulsants, Hydantoin • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Cerebyx; Dilantin; Dilantin Infatabs; Dilantin Kapseals; Dilantin-125; Mesantoin; Peganone; Phenytek http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202052.html Anticonvulsants, Succinimide • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Celontin; Zarontin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202053.html Antidepressants, Tricyclic • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Anafranil; Asendin; Aventyl; Elavil; Endep; Norfranil; Norpramin; Pamelor; Sinequan; Surmontil; Tipramine; Tofranil; Tofranil-PM; Vivactil http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202055.html Antidyskinetics • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Akineton; Artane; Artane Sequels; Cogentin; Kemadrin; Parsidol; Trihexane; Trihexy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202057.html Antihemophilic Factor • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Alphanate; Bioclate; Helixate; Helixate FS; Hemofil M; Humate-P; Hyate:C; Koate-HP; Kogenate; Kogenate FS; Monarc-M; Monoclate-P; Recombinate http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202671.html Antihistamines • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Alavert; Allegra; Aller-Chlor; AllerMax Caplets; Aller- med; Atarax; Banophen; Banophen Caplets; Benadryl; Benadryl Allergy; Bromphen; Calm X; Chlo-Amine; Chlorate; Chlor-Trimeton; Chlor-Trimeton Allergy; Chlor-Trimeton Repetabs; Clarinex; Claritin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202060.html Antihistamines, Phenothiazine-derivative • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Anergan 25; Anergan 50; Antinaus 50; Pentazine; Phenazine 25; Phenazine 50; Phencen-50; Phenergan; Phenergan Fortis; Phenergan Plain; Phenerzine; Phenoject-50; Pro-50; Promacot; Pro-Med 50; Promet; Prorex-25; Prorex-50; Prothazine; Prothazine Plain http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202063.html Antimyasthenics • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Mestinon; Mestinon Timespans; Mytelase Caplets; Prostigmin; Regonol http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202065.html
292 Muscles Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) • Vitamin C - U.S. Brands: Ascorbicap; Cebid Timecelles; Cecon; Cecore 500; Cee- 500; Cemill; Cenolate; Cetane; Cevi-Bid; Flavorcee; Mega-C/A Plus; Ortho/CS; Sunkist http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202071.html Baclofen • Intrathecal-Systemic - U.S. Brands: Lioresal Intrathecal http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202999.html • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Lioresal http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202080.html Barbiturates • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Alurate; Amytal; Barbita; Busodium; Butalan; Butisol; Luminal; Mebaral; Nembutal; Sarisol No. 2; Seconal; Solfoton; Tuinal http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202081.html Benzodiazepines • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Alprazolam Intensol; Ativan; Dalmane; Diastat; Diazepam Intensol; Dizac; Doral; Halcion; Klonopin; Librium; Lorazepam Intensol; Paxipam; ProSom; Restoril; Serax; Tranxene T-Tab; Tranxene-SD; Tranxene-SD Half Strength; Valium; Xanax http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202084.html Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Betapace; Blocadren; Cartrol; Corgard; Inderal; Inderal LA; Kerlone; Levatol; Lopressor; Normodyne; Sectral; Tenormin; Toprol-XL; Trandate; Visken; Zebeta http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202087.html Botulinum Toxin Type A • Parenteral-Local - U.S. Brands: Botox http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202608.html Botulinum Toxin Type B • Parenteral-Local - U.S. Brands: Myobloc http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/500271.html Bronchodilators, Adrenergic • Oral/Injection - U.S. Brands: Adrenalin; Alupent; Ana-Guard; Brethine; Bricanyl; EpiPen Auto-Injector; EpiPen Jr. Auto-Injector; Isuprel; Proventil; Proventil Repetabs; Ventolin; Volmax http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202096.html Calcitonin • Systemic - U.S. Brands: Calcimar; Cibacalcin; Miacalcin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202106.html
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