دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية الفصل الثالث سنة ثالثة ثانوي

13. She’s at home feeling ..................... with the flu.14. He felt sick. The nauseous smell made him ................. 15. She’s often ...................... when she works under pressure. She gets easily angry at small things. 21

D. Grammar 1. Present simple Use the present simple for: - general statements of fact and timeless truths. e.g.: Children are naturally curious. The average person breathes 21,6oo times a day. - habitual or everyday activities. e.g.: I study for two hours every night. He regularly does relaxation exercises. - with verbs describing states e.g.: The soup is too salty. I don’t like it. He doesn’t feel well, but he refuses to see a doctor. 22

2. State verbs:Common verbs describing states meaningsMental state believe, desire, feel, forget, know, need, realize, recognize, remember, remind, suppose, think, understand, wantEmotional state amaze, appreciate, astonish, care, dislike, envy, fear, hate, love, like, mind, please, preferPossession belong, have(= own), own, possess,Sense/ feel, hear, see(= understand), smell, tastePerceptions appear, be, consist of, contain, cost,Others equal, exist, include, look(=seem), look like, matter, owe, resemble, sound, weigh, 23

Activity 1: Cross and correct the mistakes as in the example. e.g.: I’m not knowing Susan’s sister I don’t know Susan’s sister 1. I’m getting up at 5.30 every day ………………………………..2. When the sun rises, it is appearing from below the horizon. …………………..….. 3. Kay is looking cold. Could you lend her a coat? ..………………………………… 24

4. I’m feeling that it’s important to respect other people’s opinions. ………………………………..5. Water consist of hydrogen and oxygen. ………………………………………6. Perfectionists--the ones who are really wanting to get every answer right- are more likely to suffer from test anxiety. ………………..….……………………….. 25

Activity 2: Circle the correct verb e.g.: Music is the only thing that (pleases) (matters) to her.1. He (possesses) (belongs) a large house in the country. 2. Bill (looks) (looks like) his father. 26

3. I don’t (like) (mind) working at night provided I don’t get up too early the next day.4. Students in our class (prefer)(appreciate) the teacher’s help. 5. Children (love) (need) parents` attention and affection.6. He is (feared) (worried) about losing his job. 27

7.Does anyone (know) (realize) what artificial intelligence is? Yes, Jim.8. I don’t (think) (suppose) I really (want) (understand) this part of the lesson.9. Do you (hear) (see) why it is important to preserve our environment? 28

10. Does the price of the excursion (include) (contain) the meals? 11. This novel (reminds)(remembers) me my childhood house. I (remind) (remember) playing under a tree with my sister.12. I hate this weather. It makes me (feels) (feel) depressed. 29

3.Verbs followed by gerunds9 Use the gerund after these verbs:appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, discuss, finish ( + getthrough), enjoy, keep on, mention, mind, quit, stop, suggest Subject + Verb from the list + Gerund e.g.: - I enjoy walking every morning. - She avoids talking about her illness.9 Use either the gerund or the infinitive after these verbs:begin, can’t stand/ bear / help, continue, hate, like, love,prefer, regret, remember, start, trySubject + Verb from the list + Gerund/infinitive e.g.: - I can’t stand waiting / to wait in long lines. 30

Activity 3 : Use the correct form of the verbs between brackets.e.g.: I hate (drive) …………………. long distances. I hate driving long distances. (1 possibility) He loves (play) ……… the piano. He loves playing/to play the piano.(2 possibilities) 1. I always appreciate (hear) ………………… from them. 31

2. Lyn likes (play) ………… with puppies.3. Grandma, would you mind (help) ………………. me with my homework? 4. -Where’s Sue? -She mentioned (study) ……. in the library.5. She quit (smoke) ……… when the doctor told her she had to. 32

6. They prefer (walk) ………… to driving to the office7. Jims tried (fix) ……………. the door but it’s still loose. 8. Jim can’t help (worry) ……… about his school results. 33

4. Omission of articles before abstract nounsWe do not use ‘the’ with abstract nouns: e.g.: Humour is an efficient therapy. Emotions are studied in psychology.Activity 4 : a). Complete the sentences in column A with information from column B: A B1. He showed little a. enthusiasm for art compassion activities.2. Humour is b. when you are away from your home.3. Anxiety can be eased with c. for her when she lost her4. Many children show job5. Homesickness is a feeling d. of pride and love for your of sadness you may have country.6. Patriotism is a strong e. breathing exercises. feeling f. the ability to laugh at things.1. … 2. … 3. … 4. … 5. … 6. … 34

b). Now, write the full sentences :1. ……………………………………………………….2. ……………………………………………………….3. ……………………………………………………….4. ……………………………………………………….5. ……………………………………………………….6. ……………………………………………………….c). Which sentences correspond to the pictures below? a…. b…. c…. d…. 35

Idioms describing feelings or mood:Idioms are fixed expressions with meanings that are notusually clear or obvious. The words do not tell us what itmeans, but the context usually helps. Positive Meaning1. Sue seems to be on cloud a. happy despite bad thingsnine these days.2. Everyone seemed to be in b. in good physicalhigh spirits. condition3. Joe seems to be keeping c. surprisingly fit his chin up4. In spite of his age, he’s as d. lively, enjoying thing a fiddle.5. He looked and felt on top e. extremely happy form.1. … 2. … 3. … 4. … 5. … 36

Negative Meaning1. Sue certainly looked a. extremely irritable down in the dumps b. not very well2. Gary is in a black mood3. Mark was like a bear c. seriously ill with a sore head. d. very depressed and sad. e. dizzy4. He is looking a bit under f. a very bad mood the water.5. He was almost at death’s door last week!6. I suddenly felt as if my head was going round.1. … 2. … 3. … 4. … 5. … 37

E. WRITING Complete the dialogue with phrases from the box.- this doesn’t happen again- keep the volume down- realize that- I’m sorry to bother you- the next door apartment was rented- Let me get my keys- when you get home late -- I have to get up early for work the next day- would you mind turning down- now I really feel - goes right throughSue: Hello. I’m Sue Reed, your new neighbour.Jim: Oh, hello. I’m Jim Smith. So, you just moved in? Do you need anything? 38

Sue: ……………………… but I think your car is parked in my space.Jim: Oh, I’m sorry. .……………………..…… and I’ll move it right now.Sue: Thanks. Um, by the way ……… …………………………. the TV. The sound ………………………. my flat.Jim: Gee, I’m really sorry. I didn’t …………………I’ll make sure to ………………………...Sue: Something else, could you try not to make noise ..................... .................................................. I resent it when I wake up in the middle of the night because ...................................................Jim: Gosh, ……………………….. bad! I’m really sorry. I didn’t know that …………………… ………………………… I’ll make sure………………… 39

SEQUENCE II : EmotionsA. Reading ComprehensionB. Pronunciation / SpellingC. Word-BuildingD. GrammarE. Writing 1

A. Reading Comprehension Emotions and your brain Emotion is an intense mental state that arises in thenervous system and evokes either a positive or negativepsychological response. 2

Emotions are related to behavior with survival value (e.g. fear motivates flight, anger motivates fighting). They enable us to react to situations and influence our behaviour -for example, anger or fear will set your heart racing, and feeling happy will make you smile. The bodyfrequently responds to sadness by afeeling of tightness in the throat. Painis best relieved by the well-known(and sometimes automatic) processesof crying, laughing, sweating, andtrembling. Extreme emotions can cause problems. Sadness canbecome depression, anger can become aggression, andpleasure can lead to addiction. Feeling afraid in a dangeroussituation is natural and useful. But being scared when theredoesn't seem to be a clear reason, is anxiety. When remembering an emotional event, you recallnot only what happened, but also how you felt. Scientiststhink that we store early emotional memories, even if wecannot remember what actually happened. These memoriescan last a very long time and may still affect us as adults. One of the key areas of your brain that deals withshowing, recognizing and controlling the body's reactions toemotions is known as the limbic system. But are emotions and feelings just learnt as we growup, surrounded by pictures, photographs and television? 3

Apparently not: even people who live in isolated parts of theworld use these same facial expressions to communicatetheir emotions. They are considered to be universal in allhuman beings.Activity 1: Say if the following statements are true or false and correct the false ones.1. Emotions are only positive.………………………………………………………………2. Emotions have a link with man’s survival instinct.………………………………………………………………3. Emotional memories disappear quickly.………………………………………………………………4. Emotions have an impact on our behaviour.………………………………………………………………5. When you are scared, your heart beats less quickly.………………………………………………………………6. Our emotions are controlled by our heart.………………………………………………………………7. People from different cultures have different emotions.………………………………………………………………Activity 2: In the list below, some words express a less intense emotion than the others: Write pairs of words as in the example - sympathy - anger - love - happiness - despair - - fright - fear - rage - terror - elation - disgust - - elation - sadness - worry - distaste - 4

Less intense More intense happiness elation………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………READ THE TEXT BELOW AND THEN DO THE FOLLOW-UPACTIVITIES The \"Fight or Flight\" Response. Have you ever wondered why being scared makesyour heart beat faster and makes you breathe quicker? Your body does a number of things automaticallyso as to be ready for quick action or a quick escape:Your heart rate increases to pump more blood to yourmuscles and brain. Your lungs take in air faster to 5

supply your body with oxygen and the pupils in youreyes get larger to see better. This reaction is called the\"fight or flight\" response. We all feel anxious sometimes - walking alone at night, for example or before an exam. But some people suffer from a severe form of anxiety even when there seem to be no reason. This may stop them from leading a normal life. A few peoplemay have panic attacks and *phobias which are all forms ofextreme anxiety. Some scientists think that a special area in thebrain controls the fight or flight response. With anxiety,it's like having the fight or flight response stuck in theON position - even when there is no real danger.These five steps may help you deal with stress andanxiety.1. Talking to a relative, or a friend may help you get through the tough situation you're facing.2. Exercising, listening to music or going for a walk may help you shift to a better mood.3. Considering what the problem is calmly may be a good start for solving it.5. Being positive makes things easier. 6

Test anxiety Before an exam, you feel shaky or sweaty and you have a headache. You think \"What if the test is too hard?\" “What if I forget everything I know?\" This is known as test anxiety. It occurs when you feel worried about how you will perform.New word: a phobia: an intense fear of something specific,such as being up high, getting dirty or spiders.WHAT CAN YOU DO TO EASE TEST ANXIETY?Talk to someone about it can make youfeel better .Be prepared for the test. You will feelmore confident.Block any negative messages you mighthave and say to yourself, \"I studied andI'm ready to do my best.\" 7

Take care of yourself. Get enough sleep, a balanced dietfood and time for relaxing.Breathe better can help you calm down.Here's how to do it:Inhale (breathe in) slowly and deeply through your nose,and thenexhale (breathe out) slowly through your mouth.Arcy Lyness, PhD, February 2007Activity 1: Answer the following questions1. How does the body react to danger? ....................................................................................2. Why is this reaction called the \"fight or flight\" response ? ......................................................................................3. What may anxious people develop? ......................................................................................4. What are the things that may help you overcome anxiety? ......................................................................................5. How can you deal with test anxiety? ............................................................................................6. What is the difference between fear and anxiety?.......................................................................................... 8

ACTIVITY 2 All the words below express fear but with differentintensity. Classify them from the least intense to themost intense. anxiety - fright - panic - nervousness - scare phobia - terror - apprehension - worry -1. apprehension 2. ……………. 3. ……………..4. ……………. 5. fright 6. ……………..7. ……………. 8. ……………. 9. phobiaB. Pronunciation-h is pronounced when it is at the beginning of a word e.g.: humour /hju:mə/ - a hunter /hʌntə/ - Exceptions: heir/ ɛə/ - heiress /'ɛəris/ - honour /'ɔnə / - hour /'auə/- gh is not pronounced in the syllables igh, eigh e.g.: high /hai/ - height /hait/ - neighbour /neibə/ in the syllables aught ought. /ɔ/ e.g.: taught /tɔ:t/ - daughter /dɔ:tə / 9

Activity 1: Read aloud the words below and write the corresponding wordsPhonetic transcription Words1. /kɔ:t/ ……………………2. /hil/ ……………………3. / haid / …………………… ……………………4. /nɔ:t / ……………………5. /hʌŋgri/ ……………………6. /bɔ :t/7. /hʌri/ …………………… nightmare8. /'n aitmɛə/ ……………………9. /'haiwei/10

C. Word BuildingMost adjectives form their nouns by adding sufffixese.g.: bored Îboredom angryÎanger But: scaredÎscareActivity 1: The faces below illustrate feelings and emotions. a) Supply the correct adjective under each face. b) Write the corresponding noun bored – confused – pleased – guilty – happy – jealous tired - sad – scared – timid – repentant surprised –worried – angry - anxious. 11

Activity 2: Match the words with their opposites: e.g.: desire ≠ indifference1. fear a. hatred2. anger b. cruelty3. shame c. greed4. surprise d. stress5. pity e. despair6. pride f. calmness7. relaxation g. expectation8. hope h. confidence9. love i. shamelessness10. generosity j. modesty1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10h ……………………… 12

ACTIVITY 3: REORDER THE WORD LIST OF EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS ALPHABETICALLY • SHAME, • XENOPHOBIA, • NOSTALGIA, • LOVE, • GRIEF, • NERVOUSNESS, • CONFIDENCE, • ENVY, • HOPE, • VULNERABILITY, • HOMESICKNESS, • UNHAPPINESS, • ANGER, • BOREDOM, • REMORSE, • FRIENDSHIP,• DELIGHT, • IRRITABILITY, 13

A affection, ……………… ………………B ……………… ……………… ………………C ……………… ……………… ………………D ……………… ……………… ………………E ……………… ……………… ………………F ……………… ……………… ………………G ……………… ……………… ………………H ……………… ………………I ……………… ………………J ……………… ……………… ………………K ……………… ………………L ……………… ……………… ………………M ………………N ……………… ………………O ………………P ……………… ………………Q ………………R ……………… ………………S ……………… ………………T ……………… ………………U ………………V ………………W ………………X ……………… 14

ACTIVITY 4: NOW, SUPPLY THE CORRECT WORD (ADJECTIVE ORNOUN)terrified – anxious – queasy – phobia – nervous – panic –scared – apprehensive – worried - 1. NOTHING CAN REASSURE JACK. HE HAS A …………. ABOUT DARKNESS.2. He is so ……………about the results of his medical exams that he can’t sleep. 15

3. Mike always feels a little …..……. when travelling by plane. 4. PEOPLE RAN INTO THE STREETS IN A ………… WHEN THEY HEARD THE EXPLOSION.5. DON’T DO THAT AGAIN. THE CATIS ………………. 16

6. SHE GOT REALLY ……………WHEN HE DIDN’T CALL. 7. Bob is ……………… about taking his driving test again.8. She felt ………………. at the thought of making a speech. 17

9. Can I go out? The tobacco smell makes me feel ....................Idioms describing fear and fright:Remember there is an element of exaggeration in theseidioms. They make comments on the situation and lightenthe tone of what you are saying. So use them onlyinformally. Idioms Meaning1. He was scared stiff. a. very scared2. He frightened the life out of us. b. frightened us a lot.3. He’s shaking in his shoes. c. trembling with fear4. Bart was scared out of his wits. d. extremely scared5. I jumped out of my skin e. gave a big jump when I heard the scream. 18

Activity: Complete these idioms1. Don’t creep up behind me like that! You frightenedthe life out of me ................2. Don’t allow the kids to watch horror films again. They were scared..................3. I jumped ................. when I heard the explosion.D. Grammar1. SHOULD / OUGHT /HAD BETTER Use: Subject + should / ought to + stem Î for giving advice or for making suggestions e.g.: You should study harder. You should not smoke. You ought to study harder. Use: Subject+ had better (`d better)+ stem Î for implying a warning or a threat of possible bad consequences. e.g.: You’d better study harder.(= If you don’t study harder, you may fail.) You’d better not smoke. (=If you don’t stop smoking, you may be seriously ill.) 19

Activity: Give advice by using should, ought to or `d better . e.g.: I am anxious. I’m worried about the test next week. (get some rest) You should ought to/'d better/ get some rest.1. I can’t stop thinking that I may forget everything the day of the test. ( be positive).................................................................................................2. I want to get every answer right. (accept mistakes)..................................................................................................3. I am too stressed. I’m unable to concentrate.(do breathing exercises).................................................................................................4. I don’t know how to spell a few words. ( look them up in a dictionary).................................................................................................5. I’m having trouble in math class. ( talk to you teacher)................................................................................................. 20

2. MUST /HAVE TO Use: Subject + must / have to + stem for expressing necessity .* must is usually stronger than have to e.g.: All applicants must take an entrance test. All applicants have to take an entrance test.Activity 1: Supply must or have to in the sentences.1. You always feel sick before a test. You ............... see a doctor.2. I’m looking for Sue. I ............ to talk to her about the trip.3. Where’s Sue? I ................. to talk to her right away. I have an urgent message for her.4. You ................ pay. It is not a free parking space.5. I can’t go to the party. I ................. to finish my project. 21

Activity 2: Correct the mistake in each sentence. e.g.: You must to stop at the red light. You must to stop at the red light.1. You must to wear your seatbelt. .......................................................................2. Students has to bring their project on Monday. .......................................................................3. You ought talk to someone. You’ll feel better. .......................................................................4. You should to be prepared for the test. You’ll feel more confident. .......................................................................5. You’d better don’t stay up late, otherwise you’ll be worn out on the day test. ....................................................................... 22

E. WritingComplete the dialogues e.g.: A: Oops! I spilled coffee on the table cloth. B: You’d better wash it immediately before the stain sets.1. Peter: I’ve been............................................................... Mark: I know. You .......................................................... Peter: Yes, you’re right. I think ........................................ 2. Lisa: Mum, I feel like having a little more. ..............................? Mum: Yes Lisa but .......................... .............................................. 23

3. Father: Jim, Lisa you’d ..... ................................... or I’m going to ........ ................................ Liz: Jim doesn’t want ........ ...................................... Jim: But ...............................4. Jane: I can’t ..................................................... and I ..................................................................... Bob: You ......................................................................... 24

SEQUENCE III : HumourA. Reading ComprehensionB. Word-BuildingC. Writing 1

A. Reading Comprehension Patch Adams or Doctor clown who uses humour inhis practice, brought a lot of humor, love and compassion tosick children, elderly patients and suffering people . 2

Definition of humour Some claim that humour cannot be explained becauseits essence lies in the relevance factor and the surprisefactor. An object or a person can become funny in threedifferent ways:♦ by being in an unusual place♦ by behaving in an unusual way♦ by being the wrong sizeTechniques for evoking humor:1. Verbal• irony: - When you say something and you mean precisely the opposite of the words said. What lovely weather we’re having! 3

- When a statement or situation implies both a superficialand hidden meaning which are contradictory with each other- historical ironyÎ in response to Mrs. Connelly comment: “ Mr. president, you can’t say that Dallas doesn’t love you.” J F Kennedy uttered his last words: ‘‘That’s very obvious.”- situational irony Î results from a contradiction between is expected and what actually occurs with a fatalistic view of life. ‘The Gift of the Magi’ by O. Henry is a classic example of the situational irony in literature. To give each other gifts on Christmas day, a young couple sell the only possessions they have. the young woman sells her hair to buy her husband a watch chain while he sells his watch to buy combs for his wife’s hair.- irony of fateÎ A man who falls in a giant waterfallmiraculously survives but slips on the soap as he washaving a shower and dies from trauma and drowning. 4

• A joke: is a short story or something said to make the listener or reader laugh. e.g.: Why do tomatoes turn red? Because they see salad dressing. (dressing means both putting clothes on and a mixture of oil and lemon that you pour on salad). What streets do ghosts haunt? Dead ends! (dead ends: streets with no way out at one end.)• A riddle: An amusing question that uses puns and double meanings for humorous effect as in: e.g.: Why is 6 afraid of 7? - Because 7 8 (ate) 9. What has four legs but can't walk? - A table. What is common between Switzerland and Algeria ? In Switzerland, they have watches. In Algeria, we have time.• A word play: a literally technique in which the nature of the words are changed 5

9 oxymoron: use of two contradictory words. e.g.: honest thief (a thief is someone who steals things, thus he is not honest.) living dead (a dead person is no longer alive and the adjective living is used for people who are alive now.) deafening silence (Silence is the absence of sound or noise whereas the adjective deafening is used to say that it is difficult to hear.)9 a pun: a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for humorous effects. It forms the basis of a lot of the jokes we hear every day. e.g.1: A man's home is his castle, in a manor of speaking. (The word play is on home, castle and manor - The pun is on manor and manner.) The place where you live with your family is called home and it is generally said that there is no place like home. That is why it is called a castle “as amanor”instead of “a manner” (=a way) of peaking. A manor is a large country house with land around it.e.g.2: A pessimist's blood type is always b-negative. (The word play is on “pessimist” and “b- negative” = be negative. The pessimist always expectsnegative things to happen) 6

2. Non verbal• visual humour (pictures) is anything which conveys its humor visually often without words being words being used at all.e.g.: A No smoking sign at Baker street tube station surrounded of Sherlock Holmes smoking a pipe.Why is humour used?9 Humour is often used in journalism to convey a message. It is usually better accepted when it is funny.The French President Chirac and thefootballer Zidane`s shake hand isbeing turned to another butt.(Zidane`s first famous butt wasgiven to Materazi) 7