["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong d\u00e2n gian m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi L\u1ecaCH\u00a0S\u1eec\u00a0PH\u00c1T\u00a0TRI\u1ec2N\u00a0V\u00c0\u00a0QUAN\u00a0\u0110I\u1ec2M,\u00a0\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam CH\u00cdNH\u00a0S\u00c1CH\u00a0C\u01a0\u00a0B\u1ea2N\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0\u0110\u1ea2NG,\u00a0NH\u00c0\u00a0N\u01af\u1edaC\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u201cnh\u00e2n tr\u1ecb\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb\u201d, gi\u1eefa \u201ctr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201can d\u00e2n\u201d. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cl\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp VI\u1ec6T\u00a0NAM\u00a0V\u1ec0\u00a0QUY\u1ec0N\u00a0CON\u00a0NG\u01af\u1edcI\u00a0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, XV\u2026 B\u1edfi v\u1eady, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trang t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t 8.1. KH\u00c1I L\u01af\u1ee2C S\u1ef0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG V\u1ec0 QUY\u1ec0N CON nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o NG\u01af\u1edcI TRONG L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n 8.1.1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00f2ng khoan dung, Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 L\u00fd, theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0: \\\"Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 1, nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, l\u00f2ng khoan dung, th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Ng\u1ecd (1042) ban h\u00e0nh H\u00ecnh th\u01b0. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ee5ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u, quan l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 lu\u1eadt v\u0103n, c\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m cho kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb oan u\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. Vua l\u1ea5y ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, sai Trung th\u01b0 san \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7nh, ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u00edch nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 hun \u0111\u00fac l\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, chia ra m\u00f4n lo\u1ea1i, bi\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch H\u00ecnh th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. S\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, hy sinh v\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng xong, xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ban h\u00e0nh, d\u00e2n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e9p x\u1eed \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m; l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tha trong \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng th\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Minh \u0110\u1ea1o\\\"1. l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. 73 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng th\u01a1 ca d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft H\u00ecnh th\u01b0 do tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd ban h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao, t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef nh\u01b0: \u201cTh\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cL\u1ea5y \u00e2n tr\u1ea3 o\u00e1n\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00e1nh k\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y \u0111i ch\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea7u \u01a1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y b\u00ed c\u00f9ng, tuy r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 3 quy\u1ec3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n, song qua \u0111o\u1ea1n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng chung m\u1ed9t gi\u00e0n\u201d\u2026 H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3\u201d, \u201cgieo g\u00ec g\u1eb7t n\u1ea5y\u201d, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t cao. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, tuy th\u1ee9c \u201ctu nh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, an l\u1ea1c. song b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p b\u1ee9c d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi quan li\u00eau qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. Quan 391 tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5m mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ho\u00e0ng nam (tr\u1ebb em trai) l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh (\u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia nh\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, Phan Huy Ch\u00fa ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n). 1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1998, t\u1eadp I, tr.263. 392\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4n qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n: \\\"M\u00f9a y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb v\u00ec, th\u00ec \u1edf th\u1eddi L\u00ea, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u00e1ng 10, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0n, vua b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quan t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Tr\u1eabm \u1edf trong hi\u1ec7n ngay trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng cung s\u01b0\u1edfi than l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o l\u00f4ng ch\u1ed3n c\u00f2n r\u00e9t th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 10 n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 b\u1ecb giam trong ng\u1ee5c, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m, ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ngay gian, \u0103n l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng no b\u1ee5ng, m\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u00edn th\u00e2n, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec gi\u00f3 r\u00e9t, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng khoan ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i, tr\u1eabm r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. V\u1eady l\u1ec7nh cho H\u1eefu ty ph\u00e1t dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, s\u1eed c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng, sau ch\u0103n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p c\u01a1m \u0103n ng\u00e0y hai b\u1eefa\u201d1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan ra h\u00e0ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1029, vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea7u chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb oan Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u201cm\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfu sinh\u201d, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh chu\u00f4ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, ph\u00e1n x\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p ng\u1ef1a, xe, thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eafn v\u00e0 10 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n r\u00fat qu\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. d\u00e2n \u0111en tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda hung t\u00e0n, v\u00f9i con \u0111\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m tai v\u1ea1\u201d (B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00e1o), g\u00e2y ra bao \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tang t\u00f3c cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tinh Tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ba l\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a hung t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng trong B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i kh\u00e1i M\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1t trong hai c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: \u201c\u0110em \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng hung t\u00e0n. L\u1ea5y ch\u00ed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng (1284) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 thay c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1o\u201d. m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda b\u1edfi v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Song, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean vua c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n, \u201ckhoan th\u01b0 s\u1ee9c th\u1eddi L\u00ea ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \\\"Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u H\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt\\\" (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV), hay d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebf \u201cs\u00e2u r\u1ec5 b\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c\u201d. \u1ede m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 vua tinh hoa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng. Song, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi t\u00f9 binh. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi - m\u1ed9t phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o - nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u1eb3ng tha cho v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Tinh th\u1ea7n khoan dung, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n v\u1edbi Toa \u0110\u00f4. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t - \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, B\u1ed9 s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng: \u201cVua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Toa lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4, th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y,\u201d r\u1ed3i c\u1edfi \u00e1o ng\u1ef1 \u0111em b\u00e1n, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, \u0103n tr\u1ed9m, do\u1ea1 n\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean v\u00e0 sai quan \u0111em \u0111i ch\u00f4n\u201d.2 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, vu c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026 (c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1eb7c, \u0110\u1ea5u t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1 ng\u1ee5y). 74 - \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi quan l\u1ea1i, 1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, s\u0111d, t\u1eadp I, tr.271. c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi 2 Theo m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed kh\u00e1c (An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, quy\u1ec3n 4, do L\u00ea T\u1eafc - k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham gia cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft) cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m \u1ea4t D\u1eadu (1285) trong khi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ea7u L\u01b0u Khu\u00ea d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec3u L\u00fd (t\u1ee9c Toa \u0110\u00f4) gi\u1eef chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7n cho b\u1ecdn \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, Toa \u0110\u00f4 b\u1ecb thua, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau ch\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Nam, b\u1ecb thua b\u00e8n t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf t\u1eed c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n ta c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ebf. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, L\u00ea T\u1eafc vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn B\u00e1i Khanh Thanh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i t\u1eed t\u1ebf\u201d. H\u00f3a, b\u1ecb B\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 L\u00ea C\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n Nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh. \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi, V\u1ea1n H\u1ed9 394\u00a0 393","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 nh\u01b0 ph\u00f3ng ng\u1ef1a ngh\u00eanh ngang trong kinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, s\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc... c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec5u d\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, b\u1eaft d\u00e2n phu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. cho m\u00ecnh; t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang; c\u1eady th\u1ebf b\u1eaft tr\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eeba b\u00e3i; b\u1ecf qua kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9 \\\"Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7\\\" (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n\u2026 (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI ch\u1ebf). Gia Long) b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, song c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o cao, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho t\u1eed t\u00f9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m - \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9i cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 tr\u00ean 70 tu\u1ed5i hay b\u1ecb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0: tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i; con nu\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n; ch\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch trong l\u00e0ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 17, Quy\u1ec3n 2); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai anh em x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111au \u1ed1m kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i th\u00ec tha cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u00e0 nu\u00f4i cha m\u1eb9 (\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 1, Quy\u1ec3n 2); nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi go\u00e1 v\u1ee3, go\u00e1 ch\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t quan l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u1edb b\u1eaft, tra kh\u1ea3o d\u00e2n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 11 Quy\u1ec3n 15); m\u00ecnh m\u01b0u s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m tra t\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb em (\u0110i\u1ec1u 10 Quy\u1ec3n 19); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m nh\u00e2n...(Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9 h\u00f4n). giam c\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, tr\u1eeb khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gian d\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft, c\u1ea5m tra kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai (\u0110i\u1ec1u 12 Quy\u1ec3n 20)\u2026 - \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: con g\u00e1i th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00e1c t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00eau l\u00ean quan m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ede m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong s\u00ednh l\u1ec5 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 322); n\u1ebfu ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c v\u1ee3 5 th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i th\u00ec v\u1ee3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec7n l\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ed3ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 308); ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ee3 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 482); khi ly h\u00f4n, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 chia \u0111\u00f4i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 374, 375 v\u00e0 376); con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u2018qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1\u201d. c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 con trai, tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea3 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 388)\u2026 V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 \u201cL'inviduelles Dans La Vielle Cite Annamite\u201d (C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 An Nam) (1932), - Trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110o\u00e1n ng\u1ee5c) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, theo \u0111\u00f3, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m quan cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed9c quan cai ng\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean quan tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 6); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m cai ng\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fat c\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 7); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb c\u00e1o t\u1eeb 70 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u00e1o t\u00e0n t\u1eadt; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00f4ng nom m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung trong h\u1ea1t. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 80 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 10 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u1eadp ra H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 8); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m \u00e9p cung, m\u1edbm cung, H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 giao cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c tra kh\u1ea3o khi l\u1ea5y h\u1ecfi cung (\u0110i\u1ec1u 9-13); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t cao trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201cph\u00e9p vua thua l\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng\u201d). C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 15,17); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang c\u00f3 thai t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c (\u0110i\u1ec1u 23); quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o (\u0110i\u1ec1u 30-34).. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n trong cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (1789 - 1802), song qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Vua qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Quang Trung nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n, chi\u1ebfu khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng, 396\u00a0 395","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 can ng\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan\\\".1 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c phong ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed \u201cqu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1\u201d, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i; theo \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi, thi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra l\u00e0m quan. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb quan l\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 hay h\u00e8n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong ki\u1ebfn.2 k\u00e9m trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb - m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong - c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e1t), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u 8.1.2. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c L\u1ee3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, vi\u1ec7c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Quang Trung ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u1edf \u1ea9n m\u1eddi La S\u01a1n Phu t\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp ra gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc hay vi\u1ec7c Vua Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9, nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n Quang Trung thu ph\u1ee5c Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nhi\u1ec7m\u2026) Tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e2u: \\\"Hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ghi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng trong V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed gi\u00e1m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u201ctam d\u00e2n\u201d v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u201cPh\u1ee5ng Ch\u1ec9 C\u1ea7u Hi\u1ec1n\u201d (v\u00e2ng ch\u1ec9 vua ra t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi) m\u00e0 quan m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ban khi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c khoa thi. nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0111\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t Ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Chu Trinh, Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c t\u01b0 V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 ba, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u201cl\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Tam D\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n D\u1eadt t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \\\"Nguy\u00ean Nho gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta khi x\u01b0a, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Ti\u00ean, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u1edf s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i M\u00e1c L\u00eanin... K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung t\u00fac, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u1ea3 \u1edf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u00e1ch cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n\\\".1 Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3: \\\"Khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec phong ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec vua h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 giao cho \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00e0n x\u00e9t. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. quan b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111em d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 vua chu\u1ea9n y, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi thi h\u00e0nh. Vua tuy c\u00f3 Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi vua c\u00f3 tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i th\u00ec c\u00e1c quan Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t Ng\u1ef1 S\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2u b\u00e0y m\u00e0 can ng\u0103n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn; quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a \u00e1n, vua. Tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 vua ph\u1ea3i nghe l\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng.., \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf 1 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u00f3a -Th\u00f4ng tin, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 2002, tr. 508. 1 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u00f3a -Th\u00f4ng tin, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 2002, tr. 508. 2 Xem th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam: T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 397 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, 2011 398\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 1908 \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau du nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng trong c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i 1911 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu trong Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o\u2026 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 1912 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf 1913 Phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong ki\u1ebfn. 1919 ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng duy t\u00e2n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 1919, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c thay m\u1eb7t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1925 H\u1ed9i Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ph\u00e1p) can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 g\u1eedi Y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 cho Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh sang Ph\u00e1p. Phan Ch\u00e2u Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n tham gia H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb V\u00e9cxai (Ph\u00e1p). B\u1ea3n Trinh vi\u1ebft \u201cTrung k\u1ef3 d\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec9 m\u1ea1t k\u00fd\u201d (Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ghi v\u1ec1 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i cu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Trung k\u1ef3) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho phong ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1923, sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam tr\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf. v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00ea nin trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Quang ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u t\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c. \u201cB\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i (1911), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1925 t\u1ea1i Pari, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e0n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9: Kh\u00f4i b\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c. cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba1. \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con \u201cY\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d do Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p: m\u1eb7t Nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n tham gia H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb V\u00e9cxai N\u0103m S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n - v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n (Ph\u00e1p) h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 28-6, g\u1ed3m 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 1865 \u201cGia \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o\u201d ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef \u201cB\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb g\u1eedi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0110\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d do Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i Pari (g\u1ed3m 12 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, t\u1ef1 do m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng 1907 T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cT\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc\u2026) ng\u00e0y 25-5. nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u00e1o \u201cThanh ni\u00ean\u201d do Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (ng\u00e0y 21-6). 1 Xem th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y: T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, 2011 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (th\u00e1ng 11). Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i \u00e2n x\u00e1 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u lan 399 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u201cB\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Pari l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. 400\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea3ng L\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng do k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 B\u00f9i Quang Chi\u00eau s\u00e1ng 1940 H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ra m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (ng\u00e0y 25-5), l\u1eadp g\u1eedi \u201cTh\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i c\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u201cQu\u00e2n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Nam k\u1ef3 do X\u1ee9 \u1ee7y Nam k\u1ef3 - \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam 22 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 23-11-1940, \u0111\u00e2y H\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Nam (1858) \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1940, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng 1926 Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tang Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y h\u00f2a\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. 1927 24-3) lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 1941 Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh (ng\u00e0y 19-5-1941) m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho B\u00e1o \u201cTi\u1ebfng D\u00e2n\u201d, c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Trung k\u1ef3, do Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u th\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. l\u1eadp. T\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Trung trong g\u1ea7n 16 n\u0103m (1927 - 1943). 1930 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng 1945 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ecdc Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 th\u00e1ng 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh (ng\u00e0y 2-9), khai sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n 1932 n\u0103m 1930. ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. 1937 1938 Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i do Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t 8.1.3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng (ng\u00e0y 10-2). Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn nay Cao tr\u00e0o X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Ngh\u1ec7 - T\u0129nh (t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9); Cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch a) Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Nam Trung k\u1ef3, B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 (1930 - 1931). C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 B\u00e1o \u201cPhong h\u00f3a\u201d ra s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u (th\u00e1ng 6), h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n do Nh\u1ea5t Linh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ed1ng Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o\u2026 n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c Phong tr\u00e0o s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean ng\u00e0y 2-9-1945 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c: H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e1o gi\u1edbi Trung k\u1ef3 (ng\u00e0y 27-3); H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Hi\u1ebfn b\u00e1o gi\u1edbi B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 (ng\u00e0y 24-4) ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o b\u1ecb b\u1eaft\u2026 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e1o gi\u1edbi Nam k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n (1938). quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1948 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 25.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng khai v\u1edbi quy 402\u00a0 m\u00f4 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 (ng\u00e0y 1-5). 401","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Ngay sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c N\u0103m V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 1945 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 10-10-1945 gi\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u1edf Ngay trong L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn (ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt 1946), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u201cth\u00e0 hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t cho to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d. S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 52\/SL ng\u00e0y 20-10-1945 x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, trong ch\u00edn n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 19-8-1945) (1946-1954), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 40\/SL ng\u00e0y 29-3-1946 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Nam kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. 1946 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 41\/SL ng\u00e0y 29-3-1946 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh hai mi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a hai n\u0103m 1946 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, x\u00e9t chung c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh 1949 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 69\/SL ng\u00e0y 18\/6\/1949 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ecb can nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; tuy nhi\u00ean, do b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 v\u1eeba chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n nam, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c 1952 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 181-NV\/6 ng\u00e0y 12-6-1951 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean B\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 - quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb coi nh\u1eb9. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nam, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ea1i giam nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfn, do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 1953 B\u1ea3n \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d s\u1ed1 281\/TTg ng\u00e0y 22-6-1953 c\u1ee7a trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0111\u1ea3m \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a cao B\u1ea3n \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u201d s\u1ed1 315 -TTg ng\u00e0y 04-10- \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, 1953 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Lu\u1eadt 10-59 (n\u0103m 1959) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, 1955 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 229\/SL ng\u00e0y 29-4-1955 ban v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 234\/SL ng\u00e0y 14-6-1955 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945 - 1960: 1956 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 282\/SL ng\u00e0y 14-12-1956 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 403 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 24-01-1957) 1957 Lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp Lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n 404\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 1959 S\u1eafc lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 003\/SLT v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 18-6-1957 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, t\u00e0i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i chu\u1ea9n y b\u1eb1ng Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 14-9-1957) n\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9\u20261 Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, B\u1ed9 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1959 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 10 V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Lu\u1eadt h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1988), theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kho\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i Sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1977 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u20262 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1980. Ch\u1ec9 trong ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1980 (1981 \u0111\u1ebfn 1983), Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00ea M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong giai chu\u1ea9n 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng qua, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ICCPR v\u00e0 ICESCR. v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00eau trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n con nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1959 v\u00e0 1980, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 T\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi (1986) \u0111\u1ebfn nay, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 sung n\u0103m 2001) \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 50. Nam \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2005, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy 13.000 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 40 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0 tr\u00ean 120 ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh, g\u1ea7n 850 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 3.000 v\u0103n duy v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9, ng\u00e0nh3. c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Nh\u00ecn chung, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cd\u00e2n bi\u1ebft, d\u00e2n b\u00e0n, d\u00e2n l\u00e0m, d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m tra; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u00e0 do kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.175 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1948 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong l\u0129nh \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nam trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi (th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1987). Theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.4 Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 theo c\u01a1 1,2 Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng (H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh), Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 1 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI, Nxb S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (5.1975 \u2013 12.1995), Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 2002, tr.353 \u2013 N\u1ed9i., 1987, tr.226. 355; tr.362 - 364 3,4 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr.6 (t\u1ea1i 405 http:\/\/www.mofa.gov.vn\/en\/ctc). 406\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, N\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ghi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, uy ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nam v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Khi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u01a1i, c\u00f3 l\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n ra. Nh\u00ecn l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n chung, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ea7y hy \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. sinh, gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hai v\u1ebf (gi\u1eefa hi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ba v\u1ebf (th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 chi ph\u1ed1i Th\u1ee9 ba, \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a cao. Trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1945, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eb3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i suy r\u1ed9ng ra quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. 76 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b) Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \\\"\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \\\"suy r\u1ed9ng ra\\\" \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ebf C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trong quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \\\"Quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t\\\", v\u00e0 coi vi\u1ec7c kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\"1 . b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn nay. 1 V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Ho\u00e8: \u201cHi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam: M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi - Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d, trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1 V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, xem B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1998, tr.67. Vi\u1ec7t Nam (tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2009 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), M\u1ee5c IV (t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n 57 \u0111\u1ebfn 89) (xem t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.mofa.gov.vn). C\u0169ng xem th\u00eam 408\u00a0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi. 407","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m v\u1eeba th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ngay t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp - s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch, s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ed s\u1ef9 l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ef3nh b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm, c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1: quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u ra Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ghi \u201cS\u01b0\u1edbng \u00f4i l\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cai tr\u1ecb r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n Tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n n\u00f4 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng.\u201d 1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d.1 Nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m: 77 - Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ngang v\u1eady, trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 6); m\u1ecdi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 7); b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 8); b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 9). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y Quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n sinh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u1edf H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, ngay trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 8 lu\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 do xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ef1 do \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb V\u00e9cxay (Ph\u00e1p) n\u0103m 1919 v\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 10); quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 Qu\u1ed1c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 - quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, th\u01b0 t\u00edn, nh\u00e0 \u1edf (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 11); m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00e0i n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec s\u1ebd: \u201c\u2026x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 7); ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 k\u00edn, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7t trai g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 21 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi. c\u1eed (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 18); quy\u1ec1n b\u00e3i mi\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n c\u1eed (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 20); quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n m\u1ec7nh qu\u1ed1c gia (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 21). th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ngay trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung lo toan, \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c - Quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1ed9i tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao ng\u1ed5n ngang tr\u0103m m\u1ed1i, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 quan (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 12), quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n lao, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lao t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. B\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 13); n\u1ec1n s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 1946 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 70 \u0111i\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 18 \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed, h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u201cNgh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II, ch\u1ec9 sau Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3). V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 (\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 14)... n\u0103m 1946 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n - ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t 1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ed9c: \u201cQuy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, trong Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 2000, tr.102. 1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp, T\u1eadp 1, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.,1980, t.1, tr.356. 410\u00a0 409","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u0169 trang ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u201cB\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 72 v\u00e0 73). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1980, vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e2n l\u1eadp. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n, tr\u00e1nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t quan duy \u00fd ch\u00ed. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng chung m\u1ecdi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1980 nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n... \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i trong \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n li\u00eam Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 khi\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p\u201d.1 \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, theo \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, Di s\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ba Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp... sau n\u00e0y (Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1959; Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 ) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 do quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946. C\u1ea3 ba Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p sau h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1980 ch\u01b0a th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u1edf d\u00e2n t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 18 chi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u, th\u00ec \u1edf Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1959 l\u00e0 21 \u0111i\u1ec1u; Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1980 l\u00e0 29 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u; Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2001, sau \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng, th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, theo ki\u1ec3u \u201ccha chung, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f3c\u201d, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 ) l\u00e0 34 \u0111i\u1ec1u. \u1ede m\u1ed7i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, n\u1ea1n tham \u00f4 c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9 tr\u00e0n lan. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Hi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1946 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p 1992 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u00e0: xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u201cQuy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m,\u201d th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 - Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1ed1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. kh\u00e1c.\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 58)\u2026 M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd n\u1eefa l\u00e0 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edf c\u1eeda, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh d\u1ef1 khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf v\u00e0 x\u00e9t x\u1eed tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00e1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II (Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c... Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t 1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.,2000, t.4, tr. 440. 412\u00a0 411","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: (i) L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, (ii) Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam; (iii) N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1edf M\u00e1c \u2013 L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; (iv) Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1eefu to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 21 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y: chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf \u201cKinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, ti\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn; (v) Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n X\u00e3 ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh, ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ed1c k\u1ebf, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n sinh kinh t\u1ebf gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d. Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb\u2026) v\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua. S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao\u2026). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean G\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. ti\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: \u201c\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (1) Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt.\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 50). Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong Theo Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 12-7-1992 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng: \u201cQuy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf Nam t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trong gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; qua \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i\u201d.1 V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean (\u00c1o), th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1993, Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ea3n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng giao l\u01b0u, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d.2 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1edbi Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m coi quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tham gia. v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c B. Gali \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 8.2. QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG V\u00c0 NH\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC VI\u1ec6T NAM V\u1ec0 QUY\u1ec0N ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp CON NG\u01af\u1edcI ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay, Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (universal) c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea9m sinh, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. 1 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 12-7-1992 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta\u201d. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat t\u1eeb c\u00e1c 2 B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 18-6-1993. 413 414\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do g\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c1. S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n... c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u2026quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean (2) Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n con h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d2, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang t\u00ednh giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3: \u201c\u2026khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Theo Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 12-7-1992 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1, t\u00f4n \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng: \\\"Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c. quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang t\u00ednh giai c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\\\"1. C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 41\/2004\/CT-TTg ng\u00e0y 02-12-2004 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c\u201d3. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u2026cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh mang t\u00ednh giai c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, C.M\u00e1c \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t\u201d2. t\u1ebf - t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \\\"Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\"4. \u1ede Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 78 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c sau m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea1m vi khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0 L\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, song v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Quang Di\u1ec7u (c\u1ef1u Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Singapo), Ali Alatas (c\u1ef1u b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia), Mahathir Mohamad (c\u1ef1u Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Malaixia)\u2026 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1eebng c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Asia values) m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, trong khi kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng, do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, trong khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 c\u00f3 l\u00fac coi nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean theo nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. (3) Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, (4) Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Theo Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng: Quy\u1ec1n con \u201c...quy\u1ec1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d5. tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch 1 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW, S\u0111d. s\u1eed d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i 2 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 41\/2004\/CT-TTg 02-12-2004 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng hy sinh to l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n trong t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. 1 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW, S\u0111d. 415 2,3 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.4. 4 C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 F.\u0102ng ghen v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1998, tr.286. 5 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.4. 416\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 tranh b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tin r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do, hay nh\u1eefng \\\"vong qu\u1ed1c n\u00f4\\\" ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u1ecfi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i bang v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945, trong b\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c ra \u0111\u1eddi. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, k\u1ec3 th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia. \u1ede g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n (6) Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n Theo Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW ng\u00e0y 12-7-1992 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ICCPR v\u00e0 ICESCR. N\u0103m 1960, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng: \u201cQuy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 trao tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ecba, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d1. S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 (5) Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean song ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u2026c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d2. x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1991 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, trong \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026\\\"1 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1864\u201d, C.M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i\u201d3. Trong lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, kho\u1ea3n 1 \u0110i\u1ec1u 29 UDHR n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd 1 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean C, Nxb S\u1ef1 1 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW, S\u0111d. th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1991, tr.19. 2 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.5. 3 C. M\u00e1c- \u0102ngghen, To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1995,t.6, tr.25. 417 418\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d. Theo kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u201cKhi (8) T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c... vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i chung trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng qua n\u0103m 1998 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 17) c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong khi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 do ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d1. v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u01a1 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i chung trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d. b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (duty-bearers) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (states) m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (7) C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (state actors)2. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u201c\u2026c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. xem nh\u1eb9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 (9) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng... Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an ninh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng vinh \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d1.79 \u201cTrong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an ninh, b\u00ecnh V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chia (indivisible) (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II), th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, xung \u0111\u1ed9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia...\u0111ang h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf hay \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an ninh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d3 . ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 1,3 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.5. 1 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.5. 2 United Nations: Freequently asked questions on a human rights-based approach to development cooperation, tr.8. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y xem th\u00eam Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh. 419 420\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2009 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cQua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, x\u00e2y Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1ef1ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau, kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i l\u1eadp, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nhau, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9nh v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i... ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c\u201d1. tinh th\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c\u201d1. Trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n con con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an ninh, b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed3n vinh \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau; qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00ecn chung, theo h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d2. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, t\u0103ng \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, chia r\u1ebd do b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. ti\u1ebfp trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 (10) \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00e1ch quan x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cDo kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tham v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ECOSOC, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u1ec1n tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2026 n\u00ean c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee7y ban gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi... 1 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u 1 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.5. \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, \u0111o\u1ea1n 11. 2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 64. 421 422\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 (11) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m. B\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1946 khai sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ghi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed7 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1959, 1980 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2001) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Ch\u00fang ta theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d.1B\u1ea3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 80 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bao bi\u1ec7n\u201d1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam coi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i...\u201d2 \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00fac Nam coi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u0103n minh\u201d, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.2 V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam 8.3. CH\u00cdNH S\u00c1CH C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG V\u00c0 NH\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC VI\u1ec6T NAM c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; V\u1ec0 QUY\u1ec0N CON NG\u01af\u1edcI Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.3 Theo B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cTr\u1ea3i qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau: 1 Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9, ban, ng\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 8.3.1. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1994. 2 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.4. (1) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 3 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 2006, tr.72. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i 423 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t huy h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 1,2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 7. 424\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 ngh\u0129a. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n (2) Ph\u00e1t huy nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, ch\u0103m lo c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00fd Nam k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea3ng gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \\\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1t huy nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, tinh th\u1ea7n; gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u1edbi ch\u0103m lo l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\\\". s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; coi con r\u1ed9ng giao l\u01b0u, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t, ch\u0103m lo cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cao gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u00e2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0103n, \u1edf m\u1eb7c, \u0111i l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa ch\u00e2m \u201cd\u00e2n bi\u1ebft, d\u00e2n b\u00e0n, d\u00e2n l\u00e0m, d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m tra\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0: b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng khai, minh b\u1ea1ch, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho quan v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o; \u0111\u1ea9y s\u00e1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u2026c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, n\u00e2ng cao quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3p th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tranh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f9i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 HIV\/AIDS, d\u1ecbch c\u00fam\u2026; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i, \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o 425 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 426\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con trong s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u1ea3i qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau. Trong c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia trong cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi1, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, coi ra nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m:2 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c - Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c xo\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u0103n c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u1eadp, quan t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an minh. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed, \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa; 1992 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2001) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c...Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m - Ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf; m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, chia r\u1ebd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, - Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7 bu\u00f4n s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh b\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, thu nh\u1eadp cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d. bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh tr\u1ebb em; h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em, ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia; ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 13.000 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd - Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng v\u1eafc xin ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng 7 b\u1ec7nh ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ebb em, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS; t\u1ea1i, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n quan t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb b\u00e0 m\u1eb9, tr\u1ebb em, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb sinh s\u1ea3n, thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb em suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh,v.v.. nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, - \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh; t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eb1m lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3o thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef; \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n181, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 (3) B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng sinh s\u1ed1ng (54 d\u00e2n 1,2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed9c). M\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ri\u00eang, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng 88(c), \u0111o\u1ea1n 82 \u2013 83. 1,2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 428\u00a0 78-81, 84-87; \u0111o\u1ea1n 88 (c). 427","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 (4) Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u1ed1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111oan, qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy Trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u00eam nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi ph\u1ea1m, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d1. C\u0169ng trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u1eafn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cTr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n n\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\/b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb oan, sai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, do v\u1eady do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 g\u00e2y ra. c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n\u201d.2 Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: \u201cGi\u1eef Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m v\u1eefng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d1, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ef1c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111oan, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch; ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi m\u01b0u toan l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.3 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. 8.3.2. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i (5)T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 g\u00f3p Kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con 1,2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 67, \u0111o\u1ea1n 77. 1 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 65. 3 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 89. 429 430\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c tho\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean; to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, U\u1ef7 ban c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; xem x\u00e9t m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ngh\u00e8o, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ee3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea7n: \u201cCh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh chung v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n con n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o th\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 gian t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n1\u201d. Trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y1. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u1edf tr\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con t\u1ee5c chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi2. v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi.2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (ASEAN), qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn ki\u1ec7n khung cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nhau; qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 14 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ASEAN. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eeba g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3, Na Uy, Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khu \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2026 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d3. C\u0169ng trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam k\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026 ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n t\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 s\u1eafc v\u0103n ho\u00e1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qua \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d4. C\u1ee5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam k\u1ebft xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 r\u00fat b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u1ebb em, m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m tr\u1ebb em c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gia nh\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u0103ng cai c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng tra t\u1ea5n; ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean 1,2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X, S\u0111d, tr.113. 88(b); \u0111o\u1ea1n 89 2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 61-64. 3,4 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, \u0111o\u1ea1n 88 432\u00a0 (a), \u0111o\u1ea1n 88(b), \u0111o\u1ea1n 89. 431","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII (55). \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1998, t\u1eadp I. (44). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (56). Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. tin, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002. (45). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (57). C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 F.\u0102ng ghen v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998. (46). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a (58). C. M\u00e1c- \u0102ngghen, To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t6, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 N\u1ed9i, 1995 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. (59). H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp, t1, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1980. (47). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Tam D\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a (60). H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t4, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 1995. (48). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (61). \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1987. c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. (62). \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (49). B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cQu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u H\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt\u201d trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, mang nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1991. (50). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u (63). \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 12\/CT\/TW ng\u00e0y tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. 12-7-1992 c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta\u201d. (51). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (1986) \u0111\u1ebfn nay. (64). B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 18-6-1993. (52). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng (65). \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2006. v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (66). Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng thu\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed (53). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Minh, Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i. (5.1975 \u2013 12.1995), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002. (54). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a (67). Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea1i http:\/\/www.mofa.gov.vn\/en\/ctc. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII (68). Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2009, t\u1ea1i: 433 http:\/\/www.mofa.gov.vn). (69). V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998. (70). Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ed9c, Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000. (71). L\u00e2m Ng\u1eef \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung Hoa - \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nxb. V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng tin, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 2001. 434\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0VII:\u00a0\u00a0L\u1ecbch\u00a0s\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0ch\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 (72). D\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (1919 \u2013 1945), Nxb. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000. (73). D\u01b0\u01a1ng Kinh Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (1858 \u2013 1918), Nxb. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i., 1999. (74). Khoa Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ecfi \u2013 \u0110\u00e1p v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, NXB C\u00f4ng an Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, 2010. Khoa Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXB Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng- X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, 2011. 435 436\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u00a0 t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n3. \u00a0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX\u00a0 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. PH\u00c1P\u00a0LU\u1eacT\u00a0V\u00c0\u00a0C\u01a0\u00a0CH\u1ebe\u00a0TH\u1ef0C\u00a0HI\u1ec6N,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TH\u00daC\u00a0\u0110\u1ea8Y\u00a0QUY\u1ec0N\u00a0CON\u00a0NG\u01af\u1edcI\u00a0\u1ede\u00a0VI\u1ec6T\u00a0NAM\u00a0 9.1. QUY\u1ec0N D\u00c2N S\u1ef0 V\u00c0 CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca TRONG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacT VI\u1ec6T NAM Ngay sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1945, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 9.1.1. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1edf T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 71 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1959, 1980 v\u00e0 1992 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung, c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n n\u0103m 2001). Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u201d. quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 50)1. N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 32 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (BLDS) Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 (v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2005, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ng\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 (BLHS) n\u0103m 1999 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII, t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 93 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 122) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n2. x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 khung h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (t\u1eeb 44 \u0111i\u1ec1u trong BLHS n\u0103m 1985 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 29 1 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.5. \u0111i\u1ec1u trong BLHS n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 25 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n nay82). Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, 2 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2009, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 S\u0111d, tr.3. b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0110i\u1ec1u 35 BLHS n\u0103m 1999 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u1eed h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c 437 3 S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u0111d, tr.6. 1 Ng\u00e0y 16-6-2009, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Kh\u00f3a XII \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1999, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh trong 4 t\u1ed9i danh kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m: T\u1ed9i hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m (\u0110i\u1ec1u 111); T\u1ed9i l\u00e0m, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, ng\u00e2n phi\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3, c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 180); T\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0u bay, t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y (\u0110i\u1ec1u 221);T\u1ed9i h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 334). 438\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n...(xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n sau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea1m v\u0103n h\u00f3a). t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang nu\u00f4i con d\u01b0\u1edbi 36 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 9.1.2. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 an ninh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang nu\u00f4i con d\u01b0\u1edbi 36 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i...\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 71 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2001 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt T\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 (BLTTHS) n\u0103m 2003 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed, thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u 71 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 khung h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 170 c\u1ee7a c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed s\u01a1 T\u00f2a \u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ea9m c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t d\u00e2n, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i qu\u1ea3 tang. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft v\u00e0 giam gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m hai th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 ba h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 57 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy b\u1ee9c, nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh, x\u00fac quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i theo khung h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d. ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1eddi lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa. B\u1ed5 sung cho \u0110i\u1ec1u 71, \u0110i\u1ec1u 72 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 n\u00eau r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 258, sau khi b\u1ea3n \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi ngay l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ed1i cao (TANDTC) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110o\u1ea1n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb sao b\u1ea3n \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi ngay l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n T\u1ed1i cao giam gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng (VKSNDTC) \u0111\u1ec3 trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh d\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i th\u1ea9m. trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft, giam gi\u1eef, truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c C\u0169ng theo \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1ea3n \u00e1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u00eam minh\u201d. l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n xin \u00e2n gi\u1ea3m l\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 trong ngh\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i th\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a TANDTC v\u00e0 VKSNDTC c\u0169ng BLHS n\u0103m 1999, BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003, BLDS n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n nh\u01b0 khi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n xin \u00e2n gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o. b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng (vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t, bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n), ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i qu\u1ea3 tang. \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, danh d\u1ef1, di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, danh h\u1ed9i (c\u1ea3 do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt..\u201d. C\u0169ng theo \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 neo \u0111\u01a1n, tr\u1ebb em m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 lo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo 439 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. 440\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, BLHS n\u0103m 1999 d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII quy v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 27 BLL\u0110 n\u0103m 1994 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2002, 2006, 2007). V\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXII, t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 292 \u0111\u1ebfn quan ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00f9y theo l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u00ean vi 314), trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i: T\u1ed9i truy c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m, cho d\u00f9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i (\u0110i\u1ec1u 293); T\u1ed9i ra b\u1ea3n \u00e1n tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (\u0110i\u1ec1u 295); T\u1ed9i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (\u0110i\u1ec1u 296); T\u1ed9i d\u00f9ng nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 298); V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh T\u1ed9i b\u1ee9c cung (\u0110i\u1ec1u 299)... s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 BLHS. BLHS n\u0103m 1999 c\u00f3 344 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ede g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 an ninh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: Nam, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong giao k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng 9.1.2.1. Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t t\u00e0n \u00e1c, v\u00f4 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o hay b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c 9.1.2.3. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 71, 72 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992, \u0110i\u1ec1u 32, 37 BLDS n\u0103m 2005, \u0110i\u1ec1u 6, 7, 9 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII, XXII \u0110i\u1ec1u 72 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i khi BLHS n\u0103m 1999 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi tra t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t t\u00e0n hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003, \u00e1c, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o hay b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c. trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy b\u1ee9c, nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh\u201d. Trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXII 9.1.2.4. Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 BLHS n\u0103m 1999 (v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p), c\u00e1c T\u1ed9i d\u00f9ng nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh (\u0110i\u1ec1u 298) v\u00e0 T\u1ed9i b\u1ee9c cung (\u0110i\u1ec1u 299) c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp C\u1ea5m h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong BLHS n\u0103m t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf 1985 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i BLHS sau \u0111\u00f3. giam gi\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi tra t\u1ea5n, nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh. Trong BLHS n\u0103m 1999, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 7, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m 9.1.2.2. Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111ang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 ICCPR, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II 9.1.2.5. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BLDS n\u0103m 1995, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba BLDS n\u0103m 2005), h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf (quy s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1989, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c), 442\u00a0 441","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kho\u1ea3n 2 \u0110i\u1ec1u 49 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ecb can c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. ch\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai, \u0110i\u1ec1u 133 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u00f2a \u00e1n ch\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa. nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc CHXHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f2a \u00e1n\u201d. Quy M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u00f2a \u00e1n nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb d\u00e2n (TAND) n\u0103m 2002. \u0110i\u1ec1u 24 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 58 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb can. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 81 v\u00e0 82 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Quy tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m an ninh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1 gia th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n KSND quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa tham gia t\u1ee5ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 20 BLTTDS n\u0103m 2004 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. \u0110i\u1ec1u 56 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 1996 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cTrong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ba ng\u00e0y, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1998 v\u00e0 2004)... ch\u1eefa k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, C\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t, To\u00e0 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t, c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o 9.1.2.6. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ngay ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00fd do. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 24 gi\u1edd, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea5y Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, \u0110i\u1ec1u 132 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 t\u1edd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, C\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t, c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cQuy\u1ec1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. B\u1ecb c\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho m\u00ecnh\u201d. c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00fd do\u201d. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0110i\u1ec1u 132 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 11 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c trong Lu\u1eadt tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u0103m 2006 v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 77\/2008\/N\u0110-CP nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa. C\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, Vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t, To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y 16-7-2008 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n s\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi Lu\u1eadt lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u0103m 2006 (c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 01-7- b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y\u201d. 2007) v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 28\/2007\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 26-02-2007, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 56 BLTTHS n\u0103m s\u1ed1 131\/2008\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 31-12-2008 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 2003, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Theo Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi (th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2009) t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan \u0110i\u1ec1u 57, nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i theo khung h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c cao tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eed h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111o\u00e0n lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho h\u1ecd 444\u00a0 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb U\u1ef7 ban MTTQ Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a 443","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 9.1.2.7. Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn d\u00e2n Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc To\u00e0 \u00e1n. T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, theo \u0111\u00f3: c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n\u201d. \u201c...Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng. B\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai, \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i\u201d. TAND n\u0103m 2002 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTo\u00e0 \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t x\u1eed k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n B\u1ed5 sung cho quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 10, \u0110i\u1ec1u 72 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u201cL\u1eddi nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ecd\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, theo \u0111\u00f3: h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u201cVi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khai, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb can, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i\u201d. quy\u1ec1n tham d\u1ef1, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p do B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c 9.1.2.8. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra theo ph\u00e1p \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed k\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00f4ng khai\u201d. lu\u1eadt 9.1.2.9. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n V\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan x\u00e9t x\u1eed, \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c TAND n\u0103m 2002 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: TAND t\u1ed1i cao, c\u00e1c TAND \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi To\u00e0 \u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c To\u00e0 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c do lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan x\u00e9t x\u1eed h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc CHXHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam...Trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, To\u00e0 Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 176 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u00e0 30 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i \u00e1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf XHCN; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 XHCN v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1m \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, 45 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, hai th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 do, danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, Ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n T\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gia h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u00e9t x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 15 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i V\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n, theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea1m \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 30 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. gia; khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed H\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m ngang quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n; To\u00e0 \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111a s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 176 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003, trong th\u1eddi \u201cKhi x\u00e9t x\u1eed, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. h\u1ea1n 15 ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed, To\u00e0 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c TAND n\u0103m 2002: \u201cTo\u00e0 \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed theo nguy\u00ean phi\u00ean to\u00e0; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00ec To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf t\u1eafc m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam, phi\u00ean to\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 30 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ed5 n\u1eef, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u00e1 sung th\u00ec trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 15 ng\u00e0y sau khi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda phi\u00ean t\u00f2a ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed. kinh doanh thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u 19 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m 9.1.2.10. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0 \u00e1n, theo \u0111\u00f3: \u201cKi\u1ec3m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i, nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 446\u00a0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a 445","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trong quan h\u1ec7 kinh doanh, \u0110i\u1ec1u 57 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992, \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo hai c\u1ea5p x\u00e9t x\u1eed (s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m). B\u1ea3n \u00e1n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2005 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 th\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u 231 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cB\u1ecb c\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh di\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o b\u1ea3n \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m. ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t\u201d. Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c TAND n\u0103m 2002 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, T\u00f2a \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ecdi 9.1.3. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam, n\u1eef, d\u00e2n lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u1ed9c, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 BLTTHS n\u0103m 2003 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ecdi T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 16, 26 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 52 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam, n\u1eef, d\u00e2n 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cM\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9c, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u1eafc hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt TTDS n\u0103m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: 2004, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1edbc To\u00e0 \u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nam n\u1eef, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n Trong quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 BLDS n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c b\u00ean gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p... C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 trong quan h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi 9.1.4. Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch hay b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch n\u0103m 2008 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 71 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n Trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 (c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 an ninh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. 53, 54); Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i (Lu\u1eadt BC\u0110BQH) n\u0103m 1997 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2002) (\u0110i\u1ec1u 1) v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u1ed9i C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (Lu\u1eadt BC\u0110BH\u0110ND) n\u0103m 2003 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 1) \u0111\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (BLL\u0110) n\u0103m 1994 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2002, 2006, 2007) n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ec1n tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u00e0nh Trong quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u1ea5m (Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V (Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o\u201d. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gia b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i, ch\u00e1u, gi\u1eefa anh, ch\u1ecb, em v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh) nh\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1930 (C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 29 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (Lu\u1eadt HN&G\u0110) n\u0103m 2000 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ILO) v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 05-3-2007. quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa con trai, con g\u00e1i, con nu\u00f4i, con \u0111\u1ebb, Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 19 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 34\/2008\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 25-3-2008 c\u1ee7a con trong ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1 th\u00fa. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i 447 448\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 11-2001 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 \u1edf h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa Lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 \u1edf n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n mua V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 nh\u00e0 \u1edf chung c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 80 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 lao s\u1ed1 875\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 21-11-1996 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch n\u0103m 1999; tuy nhi\u00ean, do n\u1ec1n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa trong th\u1eddi gian 30 ng\u00e0y; Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 135\/2007\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 17- kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao 8-2007 ban h\u00e0nh Quy ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa n\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 9.1.5. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i \u1edf 9.1.6. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 12, 13 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 68 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 51 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, theo ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng theo quy\u1ec1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i lu\u1eadt\u201d. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 48 BLDS n\u0103m th\u1edd t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9...\u201d 2005 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Lu\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u0103m 2006. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y n\u00eau \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 ICPPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 48 BLDS n\u0103m Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 47 BLDS 2005 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Lu\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 v\u00e0 9 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 2004. l\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 do c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, \u0110i\u1ec1u 129 BLHS n\u0103m 1999 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c do ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 158\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 27-12-2005 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 2004 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch (thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d, \u201ct\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d, \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d\u2026, n\u00e0y), trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 \u1edf, ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau... v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00edn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u \u1edf n\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 957\/1997\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 11-11- t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00edn 1997 trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c xin th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi ra ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2026 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 Ngh\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 22\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 01-3-2005 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed3i C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0103n, sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i n\u00eau \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 ICCPR, c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 70 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 , \u0110i\u1ec1u 47 BLDS n\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 81\/2001\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 05- 2005 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 2002, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 449 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a 450\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. ngh\u1ecb, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ec7nh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 22\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 01- l\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o tu\u1ea7n, tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ra ti\u1ebfp g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u201d. 3-2005. Ngo\u00e0i ra, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110i\u1ec1u 87 BLHS n\u0103m 1999 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0nh vi: \u201cG\u00e2y C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, Lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda chia r\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, chia r\u1ebd c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2008 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t. 9.1.7. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 18, 19 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 69 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5m l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed; c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin\u201d. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 51\/2002\/N\u0110-CP, theo \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u0103m 1990 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 1999) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 - \u0110\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc CHXHCN Vi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nam v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 - Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2m \u00f4, ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n trong nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tin, b\u00e0i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. n\u00e0y, \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 51\/2002\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 26-4-2002 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, Lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t - \u0110\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t tin, b\u00e0i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, tranh, \u1ea3nh kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch d\u00e2m, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thu\u1ea7n phong t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn - \u0110\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ngh\u1ecb, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, tin, b\u00e0i, \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1o ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn, danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 (tr\u1eeb \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng khai, sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i lao h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t th\u00ec l\u1ec7nh truy n\u00e3, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y, c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00e1n). nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed9p th\u01b0, nh\u1eafn tin. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi - \u0110\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t tin b\u00e0i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, th\u01b0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u00eau ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3. tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, ki\u1ebfn - \u0110\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t tin, b\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, m\u00ea t\u00edn, d\u1ecb \u0111oan. 451 Theo BLHS n\u0103m 1999, t\u00f9y theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi ph\u1ea1m, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy t\u1ed1 theo c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 87 (T\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft); \u0110i\u1ec1u 88 (T\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean 452\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc CHXHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam); \u0110i\u1ec1u 22 (T\u1ed9i vu kh\u1ed1ng); Hai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 263, 264 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc... \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt BC\u0110BQH n\u0103m 1997 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2002) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt BC\u0110BH\u0110ND n\u0103m 2003. Theo c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u 9.1.8. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u0110ND \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu k\u00edn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 21, 22 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 69 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c...C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh theo \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, BLHS n\u0103m 1999 c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 T\u1ed9i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, quy\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 126), v\u00e0 T\u1ed9i l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed (\u0110i\u1ec1u 127). \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 69 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992, BLHS n\u0103m 1999 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u (\u0110i\u1ec1u 129) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 89 BLHS m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 r\u1ed1i an ninh m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 k\u00edch h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 r\u1ed1i an ninh, ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n c\u1eed. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 112 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, Ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 38\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 18-3-2005 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n; c\u1ea5m nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 97 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi U\u1ef7 ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trung th\u1ef1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1eed tri v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu quan. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 43 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i n\u0103m 2002 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, hi\u1ec7n nay, S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 102\/SL\/L004 b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2007), \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1eed tri, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1957 ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eed tri v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 45\/2010\/N\u0110- c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; c\u1eed tri c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua MTTQ Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CP, ng\u00e0y 21-4-2010, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed9i, thay \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf cho Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 88\/2003\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1998 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2000, 2003) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2008 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u 9.1.9. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0 tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 01-01-2010 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o n\u0103m 1998 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c n\u0103m T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 25 ICCPR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 53 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 2004, 2005) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng n\u0103m 2005 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2007), trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tham gia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc...\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u 54 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 n\u00eau r\u00f5: t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nam n\u1eef, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, \u0111\u1ee7 Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u0103m 2007 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0o Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n theo quy ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft; nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u01a1 453 454\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec1u 132 Hi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 11, 56 BLTTHS tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1eed ph\u00e1p 1992 (2003) Lu\u1eadt lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 (g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3), c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4n, l\u00e0ng, \u1ea5p, b\u1ea3n, phum, s\u00f3c (g\u1ecdi d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00edch (2006) chung l\u00e0 th\u00f4n), t\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ph\u1ed1, khu ph\u1ed1, kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed1 (g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 d\u00e2n h\u1ee3p trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1), c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u1ea5p x\u00e3. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o 28\/2007\/N\u0110-CP ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ngay trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan: khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef Quy\u1ec1n & T\u1ef1 do Ti\u00eau Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 Lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh, \u0110i\u1ec1u 10, 72 chu\u1ea9n (S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 2001) ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb BLTTHS (2003) qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh (1) Quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 \u0110i\u1ec1u 71 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0110i\u1ec1u 32 BLDS m\u00ecnh ICCPR 1992 2005, Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec1u 72, 126, 130, \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai 131 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p TAND (2002) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII (t\u1eeb b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m 1992 \u0110i\u1ec1u 93 \u0111\u1ebfn 122) quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 BLTTHS BLHS 1999. kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (2003) l\u1eadp ra theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (2) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 7, 8, 9, \u0110i\u1ec1u 71, 72 Hi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 6 BLHS 1999, an to\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 10, 11, 14, 15 ph\u00e1p 1992 BLTTHS 2003, Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed ICCPR BLDS 2005 trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tra \u0110i\u1ec1u 71, 72 Hi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 32, 37 BLDS TAND (2002) t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed hay tr\u1eebng ph\u00e1p 1992 (2005) Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ng ph\u1ea1t t\u00e0n \u00e1c, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u 231 BLTTHS \u0111\u1ea1o hay b\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec1u 6, 7, 9 (2003) h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c BLTTHS (2003) (3) Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 16, 26 \u0110i\u1ec1u 51 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 BLDS (2005) Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII, XXII tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ICCPR, 1992 1992 t\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n BLHS (1999) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh QH n\u0103m 1997 (s\u1eeda h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed5i 2002) \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy H\u0110ND (2003) \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u0110i\u1ec1u 72 Hi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 BLTTHS (4) Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 \u0110i\u1ec1u 71 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, n\u00f4 ICCPR ph\u00e1p 1992 (2003) d\u1ecbch hay b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng 1992 \u0111\u1ed9ng (1994) b\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 BLHS (1999) \u0110i\u1ec1u 19 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 34\/2008\/N\u0110-CP Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u 49 BLTTHS l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng (2003) 455 456\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 (5) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 12, 13 \u0110i\u1ec1u 68 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0110i\u1ec1u 48 BLDS 9.2.1. Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i \u1edf ICCPR 1992 (2005) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng Lu\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa (2006) (6) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 \u0110i\u1ec1u 51 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 6, 7 ICESCR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ICCPR 1992 158\/2005\/N\u0110-CP 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cLao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d. t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110i\u1ec1u 18, 19 \u0110i\u1ec1u 69 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 81\/2001\/N\u0110-CP Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 49 (7) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ICCPR 1992 \u0110i\u1ec1u 47 BLDS BLDS n\u0103m 2005, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 (2005) ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh t\u00edn t\u00ednh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (2004) C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 BLDS ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a BLL\u0110 n\u0103m 1994 (s\u1eeda 22\/2005\/N\u0110-CP \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2002, 2006, 2007). Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 20 Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 (2004) nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o ch\u00ed (1989, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 1999) \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh b\u01b0u d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. ch\u00ednh, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng (2002) Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 BLL\u0110 n\u0103m 1994 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2002, 2006 v\u00e0 2007, 55\/2001\/N\u0110-CP sau \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 BLL\u0110) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p (8) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i \u0110i\u1ec1u 21, 22 \u0110i\u1ec1u 69 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 theo n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdp, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i ICCPR 1992 45\/2010\/N\u0110-CP l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; ngh\u1ec9 theo ch\u1ebf 38\/2005\/N\u0110-CP \u0111\u1ed9, ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 (9) Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u \u0110i\u1ec1u 25 \u0110i\u1ec1u 53, 54 Hi\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang\u201d. c\u1eed, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0 tham ICCPR V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p 1992 QH n\u0103m 1997 (s\u1eeda (t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 68 \u0111\u1ebfn 81) c\u1ee7a BLL\u0110 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u0103m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, 2002) v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BLL\u0110 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX, t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 95 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 108), trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an H \u0110ND (2003) 458\u00a0 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n (2007) 9.2. QUY\u1ec0N KINH T\u1ebe, X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 V\u0102N H\u00d3A TRONG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacT VI\u1ec6T NAM 457","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 to\u00e0n, v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng may b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI (t\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb em \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec1u 67) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f9 lao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 lao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2005, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nam n\u1eef, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p, ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00e2ng b\u1eadc l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1ee3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea5p... v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a BLL\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh; gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 L\u0110, TB&XH ban h\u00e0nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng; \u01b0u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho con bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 39\/2003\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 18-4-2003 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, con em gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a BLL\u0110 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n 114\/2002\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 31-12-2002 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1eadt, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a BLL\u0110 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 139\/2006\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u 11 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 07-02-2006 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp; nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a BLL\u0110 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 06\/CP quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y 20-11-1995 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. BLL\u0110 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002)...Ngo\u00e0i ra Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2005, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan Lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 n\u0103m 2006, Lu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 2006, v.v.. \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 75\/2006\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 02-8-2006 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 61\/2006\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 20-6-2006 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i 9.2.2. Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 88\/2001\/N\u0110- T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 13, 14 ICESCR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 59 Hi\u1ebfn CP ng\u00e0y 22-11-2001 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. B\u1eadc h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf... C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m coi ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed. C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u0103n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t Chi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2001-2010 v\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e1o Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. Nh\u00e0 d\u1ee5c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2003-2015,v.v.., nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed, h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebfn t\u1eadt, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kho kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u201d. nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 9.2.3. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1991, Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 n\u0103m 2006. Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1991 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e1o 460\u00a0 d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y 459","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 ICESCR, \u0110i\u1ec1u 61 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u 141 BLL\u0110 quy 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. \u0111\u1ecbnh, lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7n ph\u00ed, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7n ph\u00ed\u201d. doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1ed1m \u0111au, tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ec7nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, thai s\u1ea3n, h\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eed tu\u1ea5t. n\u0103m 1989. \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kho\u1ebb, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec7 sinh trong ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi ba th\u00e1ng, theo m\u00f9a v\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec7 sinh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n y t\u1ebf. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 23 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u1ed1m \u0111au, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh tham gia b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 lo li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec3m. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 149, qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n: ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u01a1ng y, ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m (a) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng 15% so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ef9 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng; b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i (b) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng 5% ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng; (c) Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o. tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam v\u00e0 (d) C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf n\u0103m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, khu v\u1ef1c 2008, Lu\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eef th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf n\u0103m 2008, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n), b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n, dinh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001-2010; Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001-2010; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 gia D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010; Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ee3, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00e0n t\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng...V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7t, ng\u00e0y 15-10-2002, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 13-4-2007, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 139\/2002\/Q\u0110-TTg v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ea1o 67\/2007\/N\u0110-CP v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe,v.v.. \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 9.2.4. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u0103n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 30-5-2008, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 68\/2008\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, t\u1ed5 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 ICESCR, BLL\u0110 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII). Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 140 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. BLL\u0110, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1m \u0111au, thai s\u1ea3n, h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ebft, b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ec7nh ngh\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan: nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i 462\u00a0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 461","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Quy\u1ec1n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ra tr\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf 1992 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng3. \u0110i\u1ec1u 49 BLDS 2001) (2005) D\u00f9 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong ki\u1ebfn, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng BLL\u0110 (1994) c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb (1) Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 6, 7 \u0110i\u1ec1u 55 Hi\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi, b\u1ecb \u201ctr\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ICESCR, ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i (2006) ch\u1eb7t\u201d v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec1 gia, n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdng nam khinh n\u1eef v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng d\u1ee5c (2005) kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. (2) Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0110i\u1ec1u 13, 14 \u0110i\u1ec1u 59 Hi\u1ebfn ICESCR, ph\u00e1p Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p cai tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong (3) Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 \u0110i\u1ec1u 61 Hi\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 S\u1ee9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u1eabn b\u1ecb m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i1. ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ICESCR, ph\u00e1p kh\u1ecfe Nh\u00e2n (1989) D\u00f9 v\u1eady, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i (4) Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 BLL\u0110 (1994) ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu con nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, quan l\u1ea1i Nam tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ICESCR h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 9.3. QUY\u1ec0N C\u1ee6A M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 NH\u00d3M D\u1ec4 B\u1eca T\u1ed4N TH\u01af\u01a0NG TRONG x\u1eed, t\u00e2m l\u00fd coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacT VI\u1ec6T NAM r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Minh ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ngay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cPh\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc l\u00ean 9.3.1. Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam cao, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ti\u00eau ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng khao kh\u00e1t y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n\u201d2. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef cao h\u01a1n ch\u00fat \u00edt so v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, theo T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 t\u00ednh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2009, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50,5% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c kho\u1ea3ng 86 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam1. d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i) Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi (Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1946) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng, nam n\u1eef, so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, giai c\u1ea5p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o... ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u 3 Gender Briefing Kit, UNDP Vietnam, 2004, tr.23. nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nam gi\u1edbi 1 L\u00ea Thi, S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ed1 2, 1987, tr.18. 1 Ngu\u1ed3n http:\/\/www.gso.gov.vn\/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=9864 2 Marr, David. Vietnamese Tradition on Trial. Berkeley: University of California Press,1981, 2 H\u1ed9i LHPNVN v\u00e0 TTNCKHPN, 1989, tr. 8 tr. 202-203. 463 464\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n\u201d3. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0110BQH n\u0103m 1997 hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 sau (n\u0103m 1959, 1980 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2001) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 n\u1eef s\u1ebd do v\u00e0 1992 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2001) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. U\u1ef7 ban th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9i LHPNVN, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edbm tham gia CEDAW (v\u00e0o n\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng trong Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i (\u0110i\u1ec1u 10). Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ng\u00e0y 18-12-1982) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0110BH\u0110ND n\u0103m 2003 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c H\u0110ND c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh, c\u1ea5p C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u0110ND, \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u0110ND l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (\u0110i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 14). Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992, Lu\u1eadt HN&G\u0110 n\u0103m 2000, Lu\u1eadt B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 2007. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1998 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2000 v\u00e0 2003) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 sau D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadt c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ed5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: nhi\u1ec7m, n\u00e2ng ng\u1ea1ch, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 9.3.1.1. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 117\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 10-10-2003 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 7,8 CEDAW, \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p 1992 n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ngang nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau (\u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 18 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 tu\u1ed5i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 18 \u0111\u1ebfn 35 tu\u1ed5i). Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 11 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0: (i) Tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 2006 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; (ii) Tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc, quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m: (i) C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; (iii) T\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c nam ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i, bi\u1ec3u H\u0110ND, v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u0110ND, v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; (iv) Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (ii) Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t, b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m nam, n\u1eef v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau ra hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9c danh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (iii) \u0110\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: (i) B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc, quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u H\u0110ND; v\u00e0 (ii) B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng trong b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh trong c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 9.3.1.2. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf 3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u0103m 1946, \u0110i\u1ec1u 9. 466\u00a0 465","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 CEDAW, \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nam ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (ii) Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 n\u00eau r\u00f5, nam, n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh 9.3.1.3. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. l\u00e0m \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00eau ra hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m: (i) \u01afu \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 11 CEDAW, kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef; (ii) H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng, khuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cLao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 nhau th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n l\u00e2m, khuy\u1ebfn ng\u01b0 cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. l\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang nhau. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thai s\u1ea3n. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec9 C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi sinh \u0111\u1ebb m\u00e0 v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 70\/2001\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 03-10-2001 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt HNG\u0110 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 109 BLL\u0110 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 18-10-2001, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf khi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ghi t\u00ean nam gi\u1edbi...\u201d, \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u00eau r\u00f5: Nam, n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i khi tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u00ean ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9, khi h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea5p Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c; b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ghi c\u1ea3 t\u00ean v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u 48 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t, b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u0103m 2003 c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9c danh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ghi c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd, t\u00ean v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd, t\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m: d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng... Nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 (i) Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nam, n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; (ii) \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i v\u1eady b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean trong gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef; (iii) T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh an nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u2013 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh, ngh\u1ec1 n\u1eb7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf - c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. nh\u1ecdc, nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, BLDS Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00f9 lao v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 2005 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 114\/2002\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 31-12-2002 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia giao d\u1ecbch l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nam v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef trong c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo \u0111\u00f3, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 lao ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tham \u0111\u1ed9ng nam th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nhau. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 33\/2003\/N\u0110-CP gia v\u00e0o giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quy ng\u00e0y 02-4-2003 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai, ngh\u1ec9 thai s\u1ea3n, nu\u00f4i con nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 12 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nam \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i con nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 12 467 468\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 39\/2003\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 18-4-2003 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 CEDAW, \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00ed d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a y t\u1ebf c\u1ea5p C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 14 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng huy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, t\u1edbi thai nhi v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 thai s\u1ea3n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh, ngh\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo h\u1ecdc. t\u1ea1o; ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eef c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c khi tham gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ee6y ban CEDAW \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee1ng mang theo con d\u01b0\u1edbi 36 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nam xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nam v\u00e0 lao Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung BLL\u0110 v\u1eeba qua v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u c\u1ee7a n\u1eef l\u00e0 55 v\u00e0 nam l\u00e0 60. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nam, n\u1eef tham gia h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; (ii) H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef b\u1edfi qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 70% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 quy B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng BHXH \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u xu\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc 25 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 30 n\u0103m). n\u0103m 1991. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2003-2015 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \\\"Xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi \u1edf b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u1ea1t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t\\\". \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nam v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 nam, n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nhau, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi; (ii) T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, sa th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c cho th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c do vi\u1ec7c mang lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i thai, sinh con, nu\u00f4i con nh\u1ecf; (iii) Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, tu\u1ed5i tuy\u1ec3n sinh kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef; (ii) V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh; (iii) T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tuy\u1ec3n sinh m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh; (iv) Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c do vi\u1ec7c mang thai, sinh con, nu\u00f4i con nh\u1ecf; (iv) Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef. h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi. 9.3.1.4. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o 9.3.1.5. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf t\u1ea1o T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 CEDAW, \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 469 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 470\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u0103m 9.3.1.6. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n - 1989 (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 1 v\u00e0 23) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7t nam, n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 CEDAW, \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 17 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nam, n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh. v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: (i) Tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf; (ii) L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt HN&G\u0110 n\u0103m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, 2000 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. c\u00e1c con, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1eefa con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 19 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ee3, ch\u1ed3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ngang nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t trong B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00ecnh ch\u1ed3ng trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa (\u0110i\u1ec1u 20); l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. C\u1ee5 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (\u0110i\u1ec1u 22); l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, n\u00e2ng cao th\u1ec3, theo Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5; tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HIV\/AIDS) n\u0103m 2006, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (\u0110i\u1ec1u 23); s\u1edf h\u1eefu, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung v\u00e0 ri\u00eang (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 27, 28, 32, 33); th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhau v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 31); ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con c\u00e1i, qu\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con (\u0110i\u1ec1u 35). Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o con c\u00e1i g\u00e2y ra (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 46); xin ly h\u00f4n, chia \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i sau khi ly h\u00f4n (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 85, 92, 94, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb 95, 97, 98, 99)... nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001-2010; Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001- 2010; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a Gia \u0111\u00ecnh C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010... Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u2013 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 32\/2002\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 23-3-2002 kh\u1ecfe Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf n\u0103m 2008, Lu\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Lu\u1eadt HN&G\u0110 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eef th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf n\u0103m 2008... t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng trong quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p 10,13). Th\u1ee9 hai, nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0: (i) Bu\u1ed9c bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 g\u00f3a, ch\u1ed3ng go\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (ii) L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh thai nhi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u0169, v\u1ee3 c\u0169 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 6); (ii) Th\u00e1ch x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1 thai v\u00ec gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thai nhi. c\u01b0\u1edbi cao mang t\u00ednh g\u1ea3 b\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (\u0110i\u1ec1u 9); (iii) Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 471 472\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 x\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con (\u0110i\u1ec1u 13); (iv) \u0110\u00f2i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea1t v\u1ea1 khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ly 9.3.1.7. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1, h\u00f4n (\u0110i\u1ec1u 15)... th\u00f4ng tin, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb sinh s\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2003 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 CEDAW, \u0110i\u1ec1u 63 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2008) n\u00eau r\u00f5, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng 1992 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian sinh con, s\u1ed1 con v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. l\u1ea7n sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 104\/2003\/N\u0110- C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi CP ng\u00e0y 16-9-2003 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi n\u0103m 2006 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nam, n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ef1a ho\u00e1, th\u00f4ng tin, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 trong h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed ch\u1ecdn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh thai nhi v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, x\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean l\u0129nh ph\u1ea1m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh to\u00e0n con v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n trai ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n con g\u00e1i (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 9, 10). \u1ea3nh Lu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao n\u0103m 2006; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 69\/2008\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 19-8-1999 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngo\u00e0i ra, Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 (\u0110i\u1ec1u 18) c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 thao, v\u0103n ho\u00e1... v\u1ee3, ch\u1ed3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean l\u0129nh C\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 Lu\u1eadt v\u1ef1c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0: s\u1edf h\u1eefu, s\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nam, n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e1 gia c\u1eadn, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con \u1ed1m theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa lu\u1eadt. h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2005, Lu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103m 2000, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n - gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh Lu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 n\u0103m 2006, Lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao n\u0103m 2009... \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tham gia \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu chung \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u00f4ng tin, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao, c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh; (ii) Kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a gia ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan bao g\u1ed3m: (i) C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nam, n\u1eef s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (iii) \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (ii) S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh; (iv) H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u0111i h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 v\u0169, tuy\u00ean \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00ec l\u00fd do gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh; (v) \u00c1p \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi; (iii) Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1nh thai, tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 473 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0110i\u1ec1u 40 Lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2006 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan bao g\u1ed3m: (i) C\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nam, n\u1eef tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7; (ii) 474\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc 9.3.2.1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ebb em: v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em, tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 16 9.3.2. Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 CRC. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb coi \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2002, t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 80 tri\u1ec7u l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi CRC v\u00ec \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 16 tu\u1ed5i) chi\u1ebfm 34%1. \u0110i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 18 tu\u1ed5i. n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb cao. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ebb em, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean\u201d (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i, B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 BLDS n\u0103m 2005) v\u00e0 \u201clao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Minh ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh th\u01b0 th\u1eddi L\u00fd v\u00e0 ni\u00ean\u201d (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee7 15 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1eddi H\u1eadu L\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 119 BLL\u0110), \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i\u201d (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i, theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 BLHS n\u0103m 1999). Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung quanh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a CRC. qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20-02-1990). Ngay sau khi ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng 9.3.2.2.C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em \u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh hai \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc C\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chi ph\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 (c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 v\u00e0 5 Lu\u1eadt lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m n\u1ed9i lu\u1eadt ho\u00e1 n\u1ed9i dung C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00ec tr\u1ebb em trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 10 CRC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 v\u00e0 3 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. n\u0103m (hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00ec tr\u1ebb em th\u1ee9 hai, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001-2010), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb em, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t g\u00e1i, trai, con trong gi\u00e1 th\u00fa, con ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1 th\u00fa, kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. con \u0111\u1ebb, con nu\u00f4i, con ri\u00eang, con chung; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c em bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em (m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2004, sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD Tr\u1ebb em). V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai, \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb em th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 9.3.2.3. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em 1 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1998-2002, tr.1. Hi\u1ec7n nay d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 86 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (BT). T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 11 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS&GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y 475 476\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5, tr\u1ebb em ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha, m\u1eb9, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cha, m\u1eb9. quan gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ly h\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 14 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nu\u00f4i con ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y 17-3-2005 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean c\u00f9ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con. quan trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd khai sinh cho tr\u1ebb em \u2013 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n khai sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khai nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m cha m\u1eb9 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i con, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh sinh cho tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n; UBND x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em \u0111i lang thang, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em lang nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd khai sinh cho tr\u1ebb em; c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, gia \u0111\u00ecnh thang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p tuy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u1ebb em m\u00e0 b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) Sau khi sinh truy\u1ec1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd khai sinh cho con, cha m\u1eb9 b\u1ecf con, kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; (ii) Cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n; c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00fap UBND gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nu\u00f4i, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t quan h\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, x\u00e1c minh, ki\u1ec3m tra, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd khai sinh cho tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y; (iii) Cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c tr\u1ebb em t\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng quan ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd khai sinh, v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb em r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hay khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em \u0111i lang nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch thang, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em lang thang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd khai sinh cho tr\u1ebb em. nh\u01b0: (i) N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, vi\u1ebft, d\u1ecbch, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, tranh, \u1ea3nh, ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cha m\u1eb9 cho tr\u1ebb em, \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 lang thang; (ii) D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, To\u00e0 \u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i lang thang; (iii) cha m\u1eb9 cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cha m\u1eb9 cho m\u00ecnh T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p tr\u1ebb em lang thang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n v\u00e9 s\u1ed1, s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, tranh, \u1ea3nh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i; (iv) Cha h\u1ed9, c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u1ebb em, H\u1ed9i LHPN c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 b\u1eaft tr\u1ebb em \u0111i lang thang ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u T\u00f2a \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cha m\u1eb9 cho tr\u1ebb em. 9.3.2.5. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em 9.3.2.4. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9; kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 8, 18, 20, 24 c\u1ee7a CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ly cha m\u1eb9, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. B\u1ed5 sung cho quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 13, \u0110i\u1ec1u 25 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em n\u00eau r\u00f5, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed5 sung cho quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 12, \u0110i\u1ec1u 24 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 cha, m\u1eb9 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 trong tr\u1ea1i giam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00ec UBND c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em; tuy nhi\u00ean, khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em t\u1ea1i gia 477 478\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, H\u1ed9i LHPN c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch ly quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) Khi cha v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00e1ch ly cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb9 \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef, t\u1ea1m giam ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 h\u1ee3p do t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9p (tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 36 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf chung v\u1edbi cha, m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi giao tr\u1ebb em trong t\u00f9); v\u00e0 (ii) Khi cha m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb To\u00e0 \u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u00edch, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u00edch th\u00ec giao cho gia nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c giao cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ly tr\u1ebb em v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd tr\u1ebb em trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, theo \u0111\u00f3, UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 \u00e1n. nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf cho tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch ly cha m\u1eb9 theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em, 9.3.2.6. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, nh\u00e2n giao cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf; c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 16, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u00edch, gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf, c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 14 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS& GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1. ly cha m\u1eb9, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UBND c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi: (i) D\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ee9a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5p, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m; x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em; (ii) s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch ly cha m\u1eb9 sau khi giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t, b\u1eaft c\u00f3c, mua b\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay th\u1ebf. tr\u1ebb em; (iii) L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch ly tr\u1ebb em kh\u1ecfi cha m\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; (iv) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 17 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u 26 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, danh d\u1ef1 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u1ebb em; (ii) X\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. tr\u1ebb em tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n; x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; mua, b\u00e1n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t ma tu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD Tr\u1ebb em, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 6, ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m 7, 8, 9 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; (iii) C\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y; b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c tr\u1ebb em ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em r\u01a1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sa \u0111\u1ecda; - D\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c mang v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nguy d\u00e2m; x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi: (i) D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n, hi\u1ec3m theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi; (iv) \u00c9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2m; (ii) D\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, gian l\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m; c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi (iii) D\u1eabn, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m; gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ec (iv) Che gi\u1ea5u, cho thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m; (v) D\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c 479 tr\u1ebb em ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m; (vi) Cho tr\u1ebb em ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n 480\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung khi\u00eau d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em nh\u1eb1m k\u00edch 9.3.2.7. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em; (vii) Hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2m, giao c\u1ea5u v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 24 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD - H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t, b\u1eaft c\u00f3c, mua, b\u00e1n, tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o tr\u1ebb em; l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb ban h\u00e0nh vi: (i) \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf tr\u1ebb em \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n; (ii) \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, b\u1eaft nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, nh\u1ecbn c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp. u\u1ed1ng, b\u1eaft ch\u1ecbu r\u00e9t, m\u1eb7c r\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng cho ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, giam h\u00e3m \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c B\u1ed5 sung n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 15, \u0110i\u1ec1u 27 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; (iii) L\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c, x\u1ec9 v\u1ea3, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, danh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em, theo d\u1ef1, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em; \u0111\u00f3: (i) Cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (iv) B\u1eaft tr\u1ebb em \u0111i xin \u0103n; cho thu\u00ea, cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u1ebb em ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho tr\u1ebb em; \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0103n; (v) D\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n (ii) C\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t, b\u1eaft c\u00f3c tr\u1ebb em; (vi) Mua, b\u00e1n tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho tr\u1ebb em; (ii) th\u1ee9c; (vii) \u0110\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec. B\u1ed9 GD&\u0110T c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 GD&\u0110T trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c - L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c cho tr\u1ebb em; nh\u1ecdc, nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (iv) Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m kh\u00e1c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh; c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh vi: (i) Cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em b\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho tr\u1ebb em; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kinh ph\u00ed kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c, qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi gian, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u b\u1ec7nh cho tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i. \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em; (ii) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf xoa b\u00f3p, v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u, s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 18 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 karaoke, qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, qu\u00e1n bia ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em; (iii) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em trong s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp; theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u00edch c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em; (iv) tu\u1ed5i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9, c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft tr\u1ebb em lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c, qu\u00e1 khi \u0111i kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebb kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh; tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5y khai sinh, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng sinh ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a - \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p danh d\u1ef1, UBND c\u1ea5p x\u00e3. nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi: (i) L\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c, x\u1ec9 v\u1ea3, b\u1eaft l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p danh d\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em vi \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kho ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; (ii) Tra t\u1ea5n, g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y, n\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em, c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec3m vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 481 482\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP, theo \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p; trong \u0111\u00f3 UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quy ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t chu\u1ed9t, x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed ga, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao cho tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0110i\u1ec1u 12 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP c\u00f2n c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh sinh ho\u1ea1t, vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng doanh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u1edbn trong ph\u1ea1m vi g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em, c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ebb em vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau r\u00f5, vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng 9.3.2.8. Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em: b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ghi r\u00f5 tr\u1ebb em \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 28,29 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 Lu\u1eadt C\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean, \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em BV,CS&GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp; tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed. t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t ma tu\u00fd; l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c; b\u00e1n, cho tr\u1ebb em s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 16, \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em kho\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u 28 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em bao quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gia g\u1ed3m: (i) N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, vi\u1ebft, d\u1ecbch, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, tranh, \u1ea3nh, \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. ghi \u00e2m, ghi h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t ma tu\u00fd, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD Tr\u1ebb em, \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em; (ii) D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em bao g\u1ed3m: (i) D\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec9 ma tu\u00fd; (iii) D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc; (ii) D\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc; (iii) B\u1eaft tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c; (iv) D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; (iv) Ph\u00e1 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, gian l\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed ho\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t ma tu\u00fd; (v) D\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5c; (v) C\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9ng uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef, s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho tr\u1ebb em. d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t ma tu\u00fd; (vi) B\u00e1n cho tr\u1ebb em r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb; (vii) Cho tr\u1ebb em u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia, h\u00fat 9.3.2.9. Quy\u1ec1n vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao, du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em 9.3.2.10. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 31 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 17 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao, du l\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i. tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu. B\u1ed5 sung n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 31, \u0110i\u1ec1u 29 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 gia 484\u00a0 483","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 B\u1ed5 sung n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 8, \u0110i\u1ec1u 30 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em quy d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, khuy\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5y; (iv) Vi\u1ebft, d\u1ecbch, sao ch\u00e9p, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef kh\u00edch, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00eau v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m tr\u1ebb em; (v) S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, kinh doanh, r\u00f5, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 tham gia b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. 9.3.2.11. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em: 9.3.2.12. Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec1u 19 Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 19, 20, 21, 23 CRC, Lu\u1eadt BV, CS v\u00e0 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. & GD tr\u1ebb em d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y x\u00e1c B\u1ed5 sung n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 19, \u0110i\u1ec1u 31 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5, cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec7, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau: di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ebb em trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 giao l\u1ea1i cho tr\u1ebb em. - Tr\u1ebb em m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 51, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UBND \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 9.3.2.11. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em: tr\u1ebb em c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp, ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i con nu\u00f4i; c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 CRC, \u0110i\u1ec1u 20 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb b\u1ecf Lu\u1eadt BV, CS & GD tr\u1ebb em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp nh\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh quan t\u00e2m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ho\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ebb em m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. - Tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c B\u1ed5 sung n\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec1u 20, \u0110i\u1ec1u 32 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 52, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp, l\u1edbp d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y; l\u00e0m ra, sao ch\u00e9p, l\u01b0u h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ho\u00e1, h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m tr\u1ebb em; s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 36\/2005\/N\u0110-CP x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb - Tr\u1ebb em nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 53, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y c\u1ea5m bao g\u1ed3m: (i) D\u00f9ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, uy t\u00edn, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 em, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, gian l\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n, s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em. d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y; (ii) D\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o - Tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, nguy hi\u1ec3m, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xa gia \u0111\u00ecnh: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y; (iii) D\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00f9ng v\u0169 54, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1, l\u00e0m l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em mua, b\u00e1n, thu\u00ea, m\u01b0\u1ee3n, s\u1eed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i c\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em 485 486\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xa gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 9.3.3. Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS trong s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xa Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2005, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 260.000 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb. s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc1; tuy nhi\u00ean, con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0o - Tr\u1ebb em lang thang: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 55, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh; nh\u1eefng em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u01a1i 83 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em; nh\u1eefng em thu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng 430.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi)2. C\u0169ng theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a UBND c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em lang thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i; hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 ca nhi\u1ec5m HIV m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i lang thang c\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em \u0111i k\u00e8m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u1edf th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1990. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c HIV \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lan ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. - Tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 56, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y 31-5-1995, U\u1ef7 ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i kho\u00e1 IX \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HIV\/AIDS), l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean - Tr\u1ebb em nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 57, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 2006, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cai nghi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 s\u1edf cai nghi\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ebb em nghi\u1ec7n ma tu\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c (HIV\/AIDS) (sau \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS). M\u1ed9t trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf cai nghi\u1ec7n ma tu\u00fd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ebb em cai nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung nghi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 \u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau r\u00f5, tr\u1ebb em cai nghi\u1ec7n ma tu\u00fd t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf HIV\/AIDS v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. cai nghi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd vi ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Tr\u1ebb em vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt: Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 58, nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UBND c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 9.3.3.1.Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu quan t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ho\u00e1, h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh xong th\u1eddi Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 2 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m h\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c HIV l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00ec bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c UBND c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o nghi ng\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m HIV ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd nhi\u1ec5m HIV; c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi xa l\u00e1nh, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u1ec9 487 1,2,3 UNAIDS\/WHO AIDS: Epidemic Update, December 2006, tr.30. 488\u00a0","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0IX:\u00a0Ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n,\u00a0th\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u2026\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0lu\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0lu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 b\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00ec bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng HIV; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c; v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m HIV ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m, ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd nhi\u1ec5m HIV. ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n AIDS v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS ghi nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 - Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 39, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng HIV x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV. \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed thu\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng HIV bao g\u1ed3m: (i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi HIV, b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV do bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd. tai n\u1ea1n r\u1ee7i ro ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; (ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV do r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf; (iii) Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai; (iv) Tr\u1ebb em B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec5m HIV. c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea5m k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m: (i) - Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 40, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tham gia b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong th\u00f4ng tin, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 HIV\/AIDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf chi tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. (\u0110i\u1ec1u 9 kho\u1ea3n 3); (ii) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf (\u0110i\u1ec1u 4 kho\u1ea3n 7,9 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 38 kho\u1ea3n 3); (iii) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m - Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 41, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV tr\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0110i\u1ec1u 14 kho\u1ea3n 2); (iv) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (\u0110i\u1ec1u 15 kho\u1ea3n 2); h\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Tr\u1ebb em nhi\u1ec5m HIV b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV (v) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 17 kho\u1ea3n 2); v\u00e0 (vi) kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mai t\u00e1ng (\u0110i\u1ec1u 4 kho\u1ea3n 10). nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 9.3.3.2. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf - Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 42, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh AIDS giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n (n\u1ebfu \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, x\u1eed); \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m, ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m cha, m\u1eb9 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i con ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean nhi\u1ec5m (n\u1ebfu \u0111ang thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9); \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft HIV; ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m HIV. \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e3n, t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi 9.3.3.3. Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed HIV\/AIDS. \u0110i\u1ec1u 38 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5: C\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y m\u1eadt k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ebf c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV; ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebfn HIV\/AIDS thu\u1ed9c chuy\u00ean khoa n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean khoa \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean khoa ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh khi \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh AIDS trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c nghi ng\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m HIV. tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 28 (bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 39, 40, 41, 41 Lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, VKSND ho\u1eb7c TAND v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/AIDS c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf). ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV\/AIDS, bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c 490\u00a0 489"]
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