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ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 problems, this is something that is 2. The concept of Inpatient Services not included in the TC approach. with the KKT programme. This is In fact, individual needs do not done through 2 (two) programme mean having to face to face (direct unit activities, the first one is the individual services), but the problems Individual Programme, and the that arise are reflected in individual second one is the General assessments that can be understood Programme. The Individual as individual problems. Therefore, Programme is carried out by the National Narcotics Board made participating in the bio-psycho-social the thematic group activities. Class (KKT) which is held at 09.00-11.30 and 13.30-15.00.  Thematic Groups Activities While the General Programme \"Thematic Group Activities are one applies to activities of users who are of the models in integrated learning hospitalised for 3/6/12 months, which is a learning system that accompanied by regular allows clients to actively explore programmes throughout the day and formulate concepts and except for certain times and principles of material holistically Individual Counseling sessions. and meaningfully\". So that through this activity, it is expected to be There are 3 (three) basic principle in able to improve the quality of drug Thematic Groups Activities: rehabilitation services in Indonesia, and be able to eradicate drug abuse. 1. Integrative & sustainable; The targets are in the service of 2. Continue to apply TC tools and TC these thematic activities are all programmes; clients who are undergoing an inpa- tient rehabilitation programme at the 3. Accommodating individual needs: BNN Rehabilitation Centre.  Due to budget constraints, About Thematic Group Activities the programme duration is still based on time (time-based 1. Consists of a series of individual ser- programme). vices in inpatient care. This is done by assessing and assessing every  Individual needs are translated drug addict who experiences low risk into providing “classes” with (short intervention), medium specific themes that are (hospitalised) and high (hospitalised) generally needed in the client risk. recovery process. 138

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Accommodating Individual Needs in Thematic Group Activity Challenge Thematic Group Activities There are at least 5 (five) challenges There are two things that can be in the implementation of thematic group done to accommodate individual activities, activities, there are: including; Standard Model, Development Model.  Increasing the competence to become a facilitator: communication The Standard Model, aimed at style and motivating; embracing passive clients by conducting seminars where the seminar sessions  Mastering certain topics: theoretical are attended by all relevant clients, and practical; regardless of the different needs. So that the topic is presented without a module,  Each topic has facilitator team team there is no evaluation before & after to be responsible for material the topic, so that participants are also delivery, understanding, and passive. evaluation; Development Model, aimed at  There will be confusion to change embracing passive clients to become passive behavior into active; active, by conducting seminars. Where seminar sessions are converted into  Individual approach like this training sessions; the client follows the only compatible for those who session based on the results of the doesn’t have serious cognitive baseline assessment & assessment or psychiatric problems. during the rehabilitation process. So the topic is based on the module, participants To be able to prevent/overcome get a certificate when they finish the these obstacles can be done by making module and there is a quantitative a treatment plan which is considered and qualitative evaluation for each in the discussion to be the key to client to be declared \"worthy\" to get determining individual needs, such as a certificate. conducting individual, group, and family counseling. 139

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 PHILIPPINES The Philippines, through the the problem and effective solutions or Dangerous Drugs Board, regularly interventions in the form of policies, conducts policy studies, surveys, and social projects, or programmes. researches to determine the nature and extent of the country’s problem on For 2020, the focus of the illegal drugs and determine new ways of Dangerous Drugs Board on this endeavor responding to the menace. has been the conduct of the survey on the patterns and trends of drug abuse These studies prove to be helpful in the country and best practises of in scientifically determining root causes of selected drug-free barangays or villages. 2019 NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ON THE PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF DRUG ABUSE The 2019 survey was undertaken by 1.67 million or two out of one hundred the DDB in partnership with the Department Filipinos aged 10 to 69 are current users of Social Welfare and Development of drugs. (DSWD), Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and i-Metrics Asia Pacific Corpora- The 2019 Drug Survey estimates tion. In line with the institutionalization of the current user prevalence rate at the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy, 2.05 per cent, significantly lower than the the survey was conducted to determine the 2018 global estimates of 5.3 per cent lifetime and current user prevalence rates, published in the World Drug Report 2020. patterns, and trends of drug abuse in the country. Noting the results of the 2019 Drug Survey and comparing it to the estimates Respondents of the survey are of 4 Million Filipino drug users in 2016 Filipinos aged 10-69 randomly selected based on anti-drug operations and from 9,341 households in all the 17 regions intelligence data, it shows a clear of the country. With the sample size and significant decline which can be attributed at a 95% confidence level, the margin to the success of the government’s of error is +/- 1.01%. anti-drug campaign and steadfast priority given by the government to create Based on the results of the 2019 drug-free communities under the current National Household Survey on the Patterns administration. and Trends of Drug Abuse, around The survey also gave light on the 140

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 number of lifetime users. Based on the aware of, they mentioned cocaine. 5.8% lifetime user prevalence rate, about 4.73 million or six out of every 100 Filipinos Most of the respondents are also aged 10-69 tried drugs at least once in their aware of the negative effects of drug use life. such as problems on health, separation from family, and damage on self-image. Results also indicate high public awareness and approval of the When asked about institutions or government’s anti-drug campaign. It people that would be helpful to those showed that the directions and programmes who use drugs, 42.2% of the respondents that the government has undertaken considers the household to be the most under the current administration have been helpful, followed by the police at 33.9% proven effective as evidenced by the and the local government at 26.1%. public’s acceptance of the government’s anti-drug campaign and the drop in the Risky Behavior user prevalence rate. The survey also gave an insight Based on the survey, it can be to the connection of other risky behaviors concluded that the government not only such as smoking and drinking to succeeded in flattening the user prevalence drug use. It was found that those who rate but has also reversed the trend. started smoking at 15 years old and below have greater chances of becoming Trends in drug use drug users than others. In the same way, those who started drinking at Cannabis or marijuana (57%) 18 years old and below are more likely was found to be the most commonly to be drug users than others. abused dangerous drug followed by methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu Awareness of and Reception (35%). to the Government’s Anti-Drug Campaign For lifetime users, the average age when most of them started trying drugs About 65.8% of respondents are is 22 years old. Of the current users, aware of the government’s campaign on the other hand, most belong to the age against drugs. Of those who are group of 18-59 years old. aware, 81.6% approves of the campaign. A high number of respondents also Perception on drug use believe that the current drug situation under the present administration has In terms of the general public’s slightly improved (34.7%) to greatly awareness of dangerous drugs and improved (45.5%). substances, shabu was seen to be the most well-known at 47.9% followed by marijuana at 35%. When respondents were again asked about other dangerous drugs or substances that they may be 141

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 BEST PRACTISES OF SELECTED DRUG-CLEARED BARANGAYS: A BASIS FOR A “DRUG-FREE” COMMUNITY PARADIGM The overall goal of the government's and activities should occur at all campaign against illegal drugs is to attain scales and fronts. drug-free communities. In this pursuit, it is important to define what makes a drug-free The study also showed that LGU community. The Dangerous Drugs Board leadership remains a critical success conducted a study to identify the element in giving coherence to the conditions, elements, and parameters diverse initiatives of multiple contributors present in drug-free communities based on in making drug-free communities. the narratives of Local Government Units and Anti-Drug Abuse Councils with Furthermore, the LGU's role at successful anti-drug programmes. the City and Municipal level is vital in directing, streamlining, and increasing The research showed an in-depth the penetration of programmes in its territo- reading of the narratives and highlighted ry. The leadership at the local level is how best practises were formed into three also the best person to facilitate strategies major themes: for scale-up and expansion of best practises and programmes to other sites 1. Communities reframed the problem and areas. of drugs as an urgent and complex social issue with the war on drugs as The comprehensive documentation a call for agencies to be functional of the cases serves to illustrate the and operational. painstaking process of attaining the vision of a drug-free Philippines. This involves 2. Institutionalization appears to be values to worldviews, operational a common theme across case processes, working relations that need narratives. This suggests that the alignment and coordination. agenda of making drug-free communities needs integration down The gear model emerged from to the smallest level of organization, the ideas, principles, and practises across sectors, and in diverse governing approaches applied by each settings. This requires a holistic, community in addressing their drug systemic, and programmatic problems. approach to deal with practical measurements of establishing Shown below is a model that serves effective and efficient programmes the best representation of the drug-free that work to deliver measurable re- community paradigm which comprises sults. three main gears: Mindset Transformation, Progressive institutionalization and 3. C o h e s i v e a n d e f f e c t i v e Accelerated mobilization coordination of drug-related efforts 142

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Mindset Transformation Progressive institutionaliza- tion The change in thinking encompasses a wide range of ideas: the value of life and This refers to the steps taken to es- its preservation; destigmatization of addic- tablish actions and practises as a standard tion; use of evidence-based and scientific convention or norm on an organizational approaches in addressing drugs; creation level, which includes increasing the capaci- of socially and culturally appropriate inter- ty to learn from the organization's experi- ventions; multidimensional and holistic, ex- ences; formalizing the practises, systems, tend the intervention to the social environ- procedures, and protocols implemented by ment and the society where the PWUDs the community; compliance with the func- are; interventions need to be responsive, tionality assessment; consistent availability creative, and innovative. of resources, regular assessment, and stra- tegic planning; integrating the drug pro- The Oro Citizens' Wellness and De- gramme with other related campaigns, con- velopment Center anchored their initiative tinuous knowledge building, documentation on a framework that looks at the drug - of practises, and sharing/exchange of these abuse problem from a socio-cultural and learnings. health perspective, in congruence with the national policies on the fight against drugs. The institutionalization of the efforts It combines the whole-of-nation approach in Quezon City at the city level through its with that of the Philippine Anti-illegal Drugs Anti-Drug Abuse Council, Molave Youth Strategy (PADS), where the former focuses Home, Special Drug Education Center, and on the socio-economic agenda to uplift the at the Barangay level, through AKAP- dignity and human rights of every Filipino, BUHAY and community volunteer groups while the latter pays particular attention to are a manifestation of best practise be- community involvement. cause it promises sustainability. Structures at various levels and fronts show the ma- The systematic process and holistic turity of the practise while integrating it into approach to a perennial problem allowed a community's organizational structure. them to create an intricate yet functioning network among the city government, the barangays, and civil society groups. It proves that a well-structured programme, coupled with people who have the proper mindset, motivation, and dedication to the advocacy, are two ingredients to an effec- tive campaign against illegal drugs. 143

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Accelerated mobilization budget allocation, workforce, materials, indications of corresponding outputs and This refers to the process of bringing outcomes in each site. together various stakeholders to generate involvement and contribute to service deliv- The study highlighted the lessons eries. This encompasses assessing and learned from the best practise initiatives for profiling the capabilities of partners and replication and sharing with other stake- collaborators; formalizing the institutional holders and social actors. arrangements with collaborators; generat- ing increased engagement and participa- Specifically, the objectives of the research tion from the community; ensuring coordi- are: nated and coherent intervention mecha- nisms or aligning collective actions to make 1. To identify and determine various it responsive and efficient; approach should initiatives of the different sectors or accommodate efforts across scales and agencies in the community that might levels. qualify as best practises. The experience of Barangay 2. To determine essential elements that Poblacion in Consolacion, Cebu, is an ex- constitute as best practise. emplary model for a public-private partner- ship that capitalises on the particular 3. To document and describe the best strengths of each stakeholder. The private practises defining an initiative or pro- sector handles subject matter expertise, gramme in a way that analyses the technology, network, and other resources, resource inputs employed in deliver- and the barangay LGU takes care of hu- ing outputs and outcomes of imple- man resources, grounding, awareness, and mentation; and demand raising. 4. To compile the evidence, facts, re- About the Research ports that will be used in supporting the best practises narratives. This research documented case nar- ratives from five (5) research sites (NCR: With the conduct and publication of Quezon City, San Juan City, Sanlakbay these studies, the Dangerous Drugs Board Restoration, and Recovery Center, Luzon: was able to come up with recommenda- Tanay, Visayas: Brgy. Poblacion of Consol- tions on the overall strategy and pro- acion, Cebu, Mindanao: Cagayan De Oro grammes to address the illegal drug men- City and Tangub City) and examined the ace. context and social construction of the drug situation, principles, frameworks governing These studies also added to the ar- programme, policy responses, implementa- ray of evidence-based references that can tion process, resource inputs, covering be used not only in the country but in the ASEAN region that share the same charac- teristics and social structures as the Philip- pines. 144

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 THAILAND Study on the Relations Between Mitragynine Level in Blood and Its effects on Brain Efficiency of Regular Kratom Users Asst.Prof.Dr. Somchai Sriviriyajan kratom as a traditional medicine for more than 1 year. The study proceeded in and colleagues from Prince of Songkla Nam Pu Sub-district, Ban Nasan District, University have conducted a research on Suratthani Province. The researchers carried out the target groups’ cognitive the relations between Mitragynine level skills test, electroencephalography, and in blood and its effects on brain efficiency autonomic neurological examination by analyzing a heart rate variation. The study among regular kratom users. The study started from March 2020 to February 2021. objectives are as follows: Rusults 1. To study mitragynine level in blood and its effects on brain efficiency 1. Database of the Target Groups among regular kratom users. 1.1 Average ages of the RKU 2. To study factors relating to kratom group and the NKU group pointed that the usage which effect mitragynine level group of RKUs were 55.2 years old on av- and brain efficiency. erage, males are 55.3 years old and fe- males 55.8 years old on average. On the 3. To study the response of thinking, other hand, NKU’s average age is 56.1 years old, males are 58.4 years old and analyzing, and focusing, autonomic females 55 years old on average. nervous system functions, and elec- troencephalography. Study method Information and blood samples were collected from two target groups which are 99 non-kratom users (NKU) and 192 kratom users (RKU) who have used 145

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 All Participants Non Kratom Users Regular Kratom (NKU) Users (RKU) Mean Max, Mean Max, Mean Max, Min (SD) Min (SD) Min (SD) 86, 23 Total 55.52 56.09 86, 23 55.55 80, 24 (11.8244) 86, 24 (12.5544) (11.4523) Sex: Male 55.76 50, 24 58.36 86, 34 55.31 80, 24 Ages: < 50 (11.9697) (12.9266) (11.6899) Years Old 60, 51 Ages: 50-60 41.94 42.88 50, 34 41.65 50, 24 Years Old (6.7619) 86, 61 (5.1723) (7.2078) Ages: < 60 Years Old 56.18 57.11 60, 51 56.02 60, 51 (3.2737) (3.2575) (3.2809) Sex: Female 67.44 69.05 86, 61 66.88 80, 61 Ages: < 50 (5.4447) (6.3865) (5.0145) Years Old Ages: 50-60 All Participants Non Kratom Users Regular Kratom Years Old (NKU) Users (RKU) Ages: >60 Years Old Mean Max, Mean Max, Mean Max, Min (SD) Min (SD) Min (SD) 78, 23 54.94 55.04 87, 23 57.78 76, 35 (11.5191) 50, 23 (12.2566) (10.3417) 43.58 60, 51 52.4 50, 23 45.38 50, 35 (6.6990) (7.7487) (4.3309) 78, 61 55.48 55.93 60, 51 54.80 60, 51 (3.0838) (2.7378) (5.5839) 67.86 (4.9942) 67.63 78, 61 68.33 76, 61 (5.2516) (4.6637) 1.2 It is found that the duration period is 57 years. Averagely, the duration of kratom use among RKU is longer than of kratom use in males is 23.2 years while 20.8 years on average. The longest use the use in females is 8.3 years. 146

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Kartom Use Duration (Year) Mean (SD) Max, Min Total 20.840 (13.8788) 57, 1 Sex: Male 23.220 (13.2965) 57, 1 Ages: <50 Years Old Ages: 50-60 Years Old 14.620 (8.9417) 33, 1 Ages: >60 Years Old Sex: Female 23.590 (10.4865) 41, 1 Ages: <50 Years Old Ages: 50-60 Years Old 30.440 (14.4334) 57, 1 Ages: >60 Years Old 8.267 (9.5120) 37, 1 8.077 (7.0174) 23, 1 4.300 (3.1640) 10, 1 14.290 (15.9762) 37, 1 1.3 The average consumption of Females, in contrast, generally use kratom leaves is 17.7 leaves per day. 4.4 kratom leaves per day. Furthermore, It is found that males use kratom leaves more-than-60-year-old RKUs use 200 more than females at 19.9 leaves per day. kratom leaves a day. Amount of Kratom Leaves per day (leaves) Total Mean (SD) Max, Min Sex: Male 17.66 (25.2727) 200, 1 19.85 (26.6231) 200, 1 Ages: <50 Years Old 17.900 23.6240) 120, 2 Ages: 50-60 Years Old 19.520 20.4269) 100, 1 Ages: >60 Years Old 21.680 (32.1789) 200, 1 Sex: Female Ages: <50 Years Old 4.368 (3.3864) 12, 1 Ages: 50-60 Years Old 5.778 (3.7675) 12, 1 Ages: >60 Years Old 2.833 (1.8348) 6, 1 3.500 (3.6968) 9, 1 147

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 2. The findings of the study on four tests which are 1) Attention and mitragynine level in blood and its effects Focusing Test imitated Ericsen Flaker’s test, on brain efficiency among RKUs show 2) Short-term memory test, 3) Trail Making that traditional use of kratom like chewing Test (TMT), and 4) Decision-Making Test its leaves or boiling its dried leaves imitated Lowa Gambling Test were for drinking does not affect the target employed. According to statistical analysis, groups’ cognitive and perceptive capacities, the results show no statistically significant autonomic neurological functions, and brain difference between regular kratom users capacity. The details are as follows; (RKU) and non-kratom users (NKU). 2.1 The intensity of mitragynine Hence, this study revealed that despite in the blood of kratom users linearly a large number of kratom leaves use, related to the amount of used kratom leaves chewing them did not impact any brain functions concerning thinking and and the period of kratom using. perceiving evaluation processes which 2.2 Consistent use of kratom are cognitive processing, memory did not affect the efficiency of the target procession, and executive function. group’s cognizing and thinking. To examine, 148

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 2.3 Heart Rate Variability (HRV) show no statistically significant difference. from Low frequency (LF) power, High It was implied that consistent usage of frequency (HF) power, and the ratio kratom does not affect the autonomic between LF and HF in RKU and NKU neurological functions. HRV Test EEG Test 2.4 Analysis of showed no statistically significant electroencephalography with frequency difference between RKU and NKU. It is scales of delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8), Hz clear that normally use of kratom alpha (7.5-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and does not affect brain functions. gamma (30-40 Hz) in the area of the upper left (AF7) and right forehead brain (AF8) 149

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 VIET NAM Drug Treatment in Viet Nam Since 2020, Viet Nam has Indeed, the Ministry of Health established and maintained 5,892 support has also launched a trial of a drug groups on drug treatment with treatment programme with Buprenorphine 42,804 members. The support groups under Decision No. 5700/QD-BYT dated has mobilised 2,663 turns of patients for September 25th, for 591 patients in community-based treatment and 3,011 08 provinces and city consist of: turns of patients home-based treatment. Lai Chau province: 166 patients, Dien Bien Totally, the support groups have province: 116 patients, Son La province: treated for 3,157 turns of patients with 112 patients, Nghe An province: community-based treatment and 40 patients, Yen Bai province: 55 patients, 2,964 turns of people with home-based Thanh Hoa province: 38 patients, Hoa Binh treatment; granted certificates of treatment province: 33 patients and Hanoi city: completion to 3,193 patients. 31 patients. Besides, the Ministry of Health has been implementing Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programme in 63 provinces and cities. As of September 30th, 2020, there are 343 MMT facilities, treating for 52,491 patients. 150

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 CHAPTER 5 Policy and Programme Implementation 151



ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Brunei Darussalam DRUG DEMAND REDUCTION STRATEGY THROUGH PREVENTIVE DRUG EDUCATION The Preventive Drug Education The PDE Division undertakes Division (‘PDE’ Division) is one of SIX (6) this responsibility through all means main divisions in Biro Kawalan Narkotik of communications, be it face to face (‘BKN’) whose role is to educate and raise interaction, printed media, electronic media awareness on the danger of drugs to or social media, with the support from the various levels of community in Brunei public and private sectors and various Darussalam. civil society associations. PDE ACTIVITIES messages at all national radio networks and television. On this In an unprecedented turn of event occasion, BKN provided sponsorship globally brought about by the COVID-19 in the of form of door gift and pandemics, the year 2020 saw some bottled drinking water for guests. unprecedented PDE initiatives to reach out to the community with more creativity 2. ANTI DRUG MESSAGE FOR and intensified efforts; INDIGENOUS PEOPLE 1. ANUGERAH PELANGI Under the Brunei Nationality PROGRAM (translate: ‘Pelangi Act, 1961, Brunei indigenous people Awards’ Pragram) comprises of 7 ethnics groups, namely, Malay, Belait, Tutong, This programme is part of Dusun, Bisaya, Murut and Kedayan. continuous efforts between BKN and These ethnics collectively its strategic partner, Department of represented nearly two-thirds of the Radio Television Brunei (‘RTB’) whole of Brunei Darussalam a state-owned broadcasting agency. population. This programme is first In January 2020, the 7th Pelangi of its kind, to reach out to all race Awards was held at the Jerudong and disseminating anti-drug Park Amphitheatre to acknowledge message delivered in their ethnic local talents in the music industry. dialects. Through this partnership, BKN has capitalise our local talents and artistes to deliver anti-drug 153

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 3. LAUNCH OF PDE-INSTA VIDEOS agencies through sports and to AND QUIZ promote healthy lifestyle. Challenges brought about b. S t r a t e g i c P a r t t n e r s by COVID-19 had been used as Appreciation Day leverage to capitalise on the use of social-media in dissemination of At the close of the year 2020, an anti-drug messages. This platform Appreciation Day was held to has enabled continuous delivery acknowledge the contributions of such messages on the dangers by strategic partners and of drugs to society especially the sponsors in support of PDE targeted age-group through video activities throughout d year. messages by PDE officers, as well The event also saw prize giving to invite public participation through ceremony for winners during the PDE quiz as posted in the social Sipatir Challenge. The event media. was graced by the presence of the Permanent Secretary 4. INTERNATIONAL DRUGS DAY (Security, Welfare and Law), CELEBRATION Ministry of Home Affairs. At the start of new year 2020, 5. COLLABORATIONS WITH OTHER several activities had been planned AGENCIES to commemorate the International Day Against Drug Abuse and a. Department of Youth and Trafficking on 26 June. However Sports due to the outbreak of pandemic COVID-19 in March 2020, PDE b. PDE Division was invited to Division only managed to carry out conduct exhibition during Blood limited activities during the Donation Drive organised by de-escalation phase; Anti-Doping Committee, Department of Youth and Sports at the a. natatorium of National Stadium (translate: Sipatir Challenge) Swimming Pools. The targeted In December 2020, PDE group of visitors to the PDE Division has organised exhibition was the athletes, a sports challenge amongst especially swimmers. enforcement departments as part of events to b. Department of Radio and commemorate International Television Brunei Drugs Day, as well as to strengthen working To generate greater awareness relationship amongst these of the harms of drugs at all levels, BKN together with RTB have been working jointly to produce short videos to be 154

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 broadcast through the network’s company, Telbru to sponsor and 3 television channels (RTB produce a 1-minute short video Perdana, RTB Aneka and RTB titled ‘Love your life and family’. Sukmaindera). This video gives insight on the process of recovery for residence A weekly 15-episode dedicated of Pusat Al Islah, the sole to raising drug awareness has treatment and rehabilitation been produced and shown in centre in Brunei Darussalam. one of RTB television channels. This video can be watched form This television program called PDE Instagram (nodrugsatall). ‘Youth Chat Corner’ talked about issues related to drug abuse e. PDE effort by Campaign with different topics by invited Partners guests according to their area of expertise. Each episode was PDE activities involving the participated by 6 youths, public and private sectors has selected between the age played important role specially to of 15 to 25 years old. raise awareness at workplace environment. This strategic c. Ministry Culture, Youth and partnership between BKN and Sports its partners is also significant as part of their corporate Annually, PDE Division will social obligation. The role of participate to conduct one of these campaign partners is training modules in a 3-months very important because their training program called ‘Program contributions over the years have Khidmat Bakti Negara (‘PKBN’) to some extent helped launch or the National Service drug prevention education Programme. This has been programs organized by the BKN. going on since PKBN inception This is also in line with in 2011. PKBN aims to promote the Department's strategy to patriotism, commitment and encourage the participation of all resilience among participants, sections of society in addressing in addition to strengthening drug issues, especially in drug their understanding of the prevention education campaigns. constitution and state philosophy. d. Collaboration with Telbru In 2020, BKN through PDE Division has collaborated with local telecommunication 155

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 ANNEXES Photo 1: Pelangi Award, 18.01.2020 at Jerudong Photo 4: International Drugs Day Activities – SiPatir Park Amphitheatre – Acting Director BKN with Challenge and Strategic Partners Appreciation Day Honourable Minister of Culture, Youth and Sport Photo 2: Head of PDE Division and staff with Photo 5: A Collaboration with RTB – Youth Chat representatives of indigenous ethnic groups Corner Program Photo 3: Virtual PDE video and Quiz Photo 6: PDE session at PKBN 156 (National Service Program)

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Photo 7: Short video sponsored by Telbru Photo 8: Telbru sponsored video Photo 9: PDE effort by Brunei Gas Carrier Company - Corporate Calendar with drug facts Photo 10: PDE Division 2020 Campaign Partners 157



ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Cambodia New Development Programme  Piloting the Comprehensive ap- Understanding on Drugs into proach between Harm Reduction Training Curriculum of Primary and Programme and Law Enforcement Junior Secondary schools. partnership in Public Health  Development of Anti-Drugs Library  Launching the Web System for Law in Target Educational Institutions Enforcement supported by Chinese Government.  Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports had integrate the Basic 159



ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Indonesia In early 2020, President of implementation of mapping and destroying Indonesia issued Presidential Decree cannabis fields, Disclosure of drug of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of smuggling across regional borders, 2020 concerning National Action Plan Analysis of financial transactions related (NAP) of Prevention and Eradication of to illicit drug trafficking and any other Illicit Drug Abuse and Trafficking illegal transaction. (P4GN) Year 2020-2024. Drug problem in Indonesia needs to be tackled jointly by For report period of 2020, even all components and resolved from all though COVID-19 pandemic affected all aspects; territories of Indonesia, Ministries/ Agencies/Municipal contributed to The Presidential Instruction instructs implemente National Action Plan (NAP) all ministries and agency to implement P4GN, where 55 of 73 Ministries/Agencies P4GN. The Implementation is divided (75.34%) and 249 of 548 municipal into 2 major programmes, namely a gener- (45.43%) reported the Implementation ic action programme in which all Ministries/ of NAP P4GN, both generic and specific. Agencies implement it and a special action The progress obtained in general can programme in which each Ministries/ be described as follows: Agencies implements it independently and/or in cooperation with BNN.  The progress of Generic NAP of Ministries/Agencies in reporting Generic action programmes include: period of 2020 is 72.60% or in the ‘Good’ category. a. Anti-Drug Campaign; b. P4GN  The progress of Specific NAP of Ministries/Agencies in reporting Regulations; period of 2020 is 74.41% or in the c. Early detection through regular urine ‘Good’ category. tests;  The progress of Generic NAP of d. Provincial Level in reporting period of 2020 is 94.11% (32 of 34 provinces) Force/Volunteers; or in the ‘Excellent’ category. e. Development of Anti-Drug Education  The progress of Specific NAP of City/ curriculum. Regency Level in reporting period of 2020 is 42.11% (217 of 514) or in the Specific actions include activities ‘Deficiently Good’ category. carried out by technical implementers in the field of supply reduction and demand reduction, such as Joint Operations in the 161

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Despite the Covid-19 pandemic In order to improve the quality of is not over yet, the implementation of the reporting and punctuality, it is Presidential Decree Number 2 of 2020 in necessary for all the liaisons of Ministries/ general has made a real contribution Agencies/Municipal to be able to report to the implementation of P4GN, despite the implementation progress of NAP the limited budget in each Ministries/ in each environment. Agencies/Municipal. 162

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Malaysia Introduction the pandemic. Drug abuse had become the main During the pandemic, NADA has concern of Malaysian government since consistently assessed the treatment 1983. In that year, the government had and rehabilitation modules. The pandemic launched a national campaign which was paved the opportunity for NADA to called “Drugs Are Number One Enemy”. implement new strategies accordingly. At that time, drug addiction was not only regarded as a social problem but also Recovery Pocket Book (RPB) a threat to national security. Since then, Malaysia is committed to address the One of the challenges in providing drug issues. a comprehensive service during MCO or RMCO is physical attendance. Since Treatment and Rehabilitation the restriction has limited the services physically, NADA came up with flexible There are three types of treatment treatment and rehabilitation modules. and rehabilitation services provided in Ma- laysia, namely: The introduction of Recovery Pocket Book (RPB) was a successful alternative a. Institutional-based programmes; to physical and face to face session. RPB provides practical guidance on recovery b. Community-based programmes; during the pandemic virtually. The book and consists of 19 sub-items that self-explained the method of addressing or coping with c. Aftercare programmes. thought, emotion and behaviour. RPB is a self-administered therapy session The COVID-19 pandemic has which available on social media such brought the unforeseen challenges globally Facebook and YouTube. It also has including Malaysia in 2020. As the result, been streamed through online video Malaysian Government has applied streaming (Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, strict protocols and orders known as WhatsApp, Telegram). Movement Control Orders (MCO) to curb the Covid-19 outbreaks nationwide. The new enforced law required the people practising new norms and strict routines as a precaution measures to control 163

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Hijrah (Migration) Programme addiction especially through faith-based treatment. Hijrah (Migration) Programme was introduced nationwide as to provide a new To reduce the gap of services and opportunity to the drug users who had been to ensure minimum standards practise released from NADA rehabilitation centres. among the private service providers, NADA This programme will allow them: has developed standards and guideline as part of supportive collaboration for i. To start a new life in a new their contributions in rehabilitation and community and environment treatment. ii. To seek new employment Field-inspection and evaluation opportunities are based on the guidelines provided. The main objectives of the evaluation iii. To undergo supervision programmes and guidelines are to standardises code outside their home town and to of conduct and practices among the private lessen the stigma rehabilitation centres and to help to identify areas for improvement Hijrah is an initiative to help drug users get suitable job and indirectly In 2020, an evaluation has been integrated the drug users into healthy carried out on 48 registered private lifestyle within the community. A total rehabilitation centres. The evaluation of 802 drug users have joined the emphasises on six elements: programme last year. This step also associated with Malaysian Government i. Basic Services; efforts to encourage companies to hire ii. Core Services; recovering clients with special tax iii. Management Systems; exemption. iv. Customer Management; v. Services to People with Special Minimum Standards Evaluation Needs; and Rehabilitation centres are crucial vi. Physical Facility. institution to support people with substance and drug addiction in the community. With the introduction of the In Malaysia, rehabilitation and treatment standards and guidelines, NADA has services are not only provided by the NADA been able to provide effective advocacy but also offered by private rehabilitation and consultation to the treatment and centres or non-governmental organisations. rehabilitation service providers. Private rehabilitation centres become an alternative for drug users who are keen to try other alternatives to overcome their 164

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Collaborative with Non-Governmental Organisations (Ngo) In Treatment and Rehabilitation Programmes NADA had initiated collaboration drug users who were under supervision of with several NGO that actively involved NADA. in drug demand reduction activities. NADA has identified 17 NGO with strong The NGO assisted NADA to provide capabilities to assist and conduct them with variety of supportive rehabilita- collaborative programmes 12 high-risk tion programmes. In addition, with frequent areas which started in January 2020. visits and persuasion during outreach The NGO have carried out variety of activities, the percentage of clients’ activities and programmes including attendance increased up to 70% in 12 outreaching to those non-compliance months. Preventive Drug Education being involved in social deviation especially drug abuse and promote NADA has taken another step to healthy lifestyle. strengthen the Preventive Drug Education iii. 5G Mission – 5G stands for Develop strategy by initiating a project namely the (Garap), Genius, Active (Giat), Integrated Approach in Addressing Drug Persistent (Gigih), and Dignified Abuse, Substance and Social Deviation (Gah) in addressing the drugs abuse. Program. This programme is a collaborative With the aim to strengthen the main effort between government agencies, NGO group of adolescents, it is hoped and community as to strive the issue of that new skills such as the right drug and substance abuse as well as other etiquette in using social media social deviation problem. This effort has and self-resilience can be instilled been implemented in targeted areas which among them. has been identified as high-risk areas iv. GREAT Generation – BAGUS based on area profiling tabulated by NADA. stands for Brilliant (Bijak), Active (Aktif), Glorious (Gemilang), Superior NADA had come up with new five (Unggul), and Healthy (Sihat). This guidelines to address specific target groups programme targeted at adolescents in those areas such as: in nurturing and raising awareness on the adverse effect of drugs i. Sustainable Family - to strengthen as well as developing resilient the role of family and create among them on how to prevent productive families that are free from themselves from involving in risky any risky behaviours including drug behaviour. abuse. ii. Educate – to safeguard students ranging from 7 to 12 years old from 165

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 v. We CARE is the guideline especially NADA emphasised on Drug-free developed for anti-drug volunteers Workplace Strategy whom the target group (Anti-Drugs Squad) to implement consists of employers and employees awareness and to establish a in government organization, private and drug-free community. agronomy sector. The implementation of TEKAD is considered vital since 14.99 NADA revisited the number of million of Malaysian are employed, which high-risk areas. The high-risk areas were made up about 46% of the total population. decided based on the indicators related to This group of population also consists number of drug addicts in the community, of parents, youth and community members the number of drug related crimes, in the society who can be deemed as the number of drug related public productive agents in spreading the complaints and particularly in low-cost anti-drug messages among family circles housing areas, fishery villages, federal land and significant others. NADA has development areas as well as suburb collaborated with various agencies and areas. Among other indicators are the private sector such as in transportation, geo-anthropology and sociology issues health, industry and other fields in that are prevalence in the areas. To date, delivering awareness campaign to both there are 155 high-risk areas were employers and employees. identified. Enforcement Initiatives Complaints Management System Addressing Drug Smuggling Issues NADA Enforcement Programmes Enforcement Initiatives to Tackle aim to help the drug addicts to be Drug Abuse: The Special Committee treated and rehabilitated. A Complaints meetings to Address Drug Smuggling Management System was introduced by Issues in the East Coast States-known NADA and known as SHARP System. as “Kota Bharu Discussion” was held on It was fully operated since January 2019. 13th July 2020. These meeting was involv- A total of 9,299 complaints were received ing 14 departments from three states nationwide in 2020 and were successfully namely Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang, registered into the SHARP system. This attended by senior officials of key system enables effective management of enforcement agencies such as Royal public complaints regarding drug addiction Malaysia Police, Malaysia Arms Forces, and monitoring the actions taken by NADA Royal Malaysia Customs Department, Officers on each complaint. Malaysia Immigration Department, Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency, 166

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 APMM, Malaysian Marine Department, related to drug use. The \"Terminal Ops\" were also implemented simultaneously National Security Council, Border Control in 25 bus terminals throughout the country. Agency and other enforcement agencies Inter-Agency Collaboration closely linked to Malaysian border control. Close Cooperation with the Narcotics Criminal Investigation Department, The establishment of this committee Royal Malaysia Police - a bilateral meeting arranged between the Director General of aims to mobilise all government agencies NADA and the Head of the Narcotics Criminal Investigation Department of in the East Coast States, to coordinate Royal Malaysia Police was aimed at strengthening cooperation between NADA enforcement actions to address the and Royal Malaysia Police to eradicate the drug problem in country. Through problem of drug smuggling into the country this platform, a discussion on the actions to be taken by both parties in dealing through the national border, especially with drug supply and demand activities was held and several strategic decisions the Malaysia - Thailand border and to were successfully agreed upon as to address the drug problem effectively. work together in addressing the issue Other inter agency collaboration was held such as: of drug trafficking in the East Coast i. Cooperation with the National Task in particular. Force (NTF) - has started on 13th October 2020. This cooperation Operation to Detect and Detain aimed at addressing drug smuggling and intelligence at the country's In addition, the implementation borders. of operations to detect and detain drug addicts were carried out based on strict ii. I n vo lve men t in St ro ng ho ld SOP to ensure that NADA enforcement Operations (Ops Benteng) To personnel are not exposed to the risk of Strengthen National Border Control COVID-19 infection while performing in Curbing the Covid-19 Pandemic. their duties. By focusing on operations This programme aimed to address related to public complaints, a total of 7,580 the issue of entry of Illegal operations were conducted last year Immigrants at the country's borders with 20,924 arrests in 2020. who are at risk of spreading the Covid-19 Pandemic. The scope of “Terminal Ops” was launched the NADA's work is handling drug on 29th July 2020 during Aidil Adha issues as well as helping to celebration. This operation was carried out by NADA in collaboration with the Road Transport Department and Terminal Authority. Bhd. at the Southern Integrated Terminal (TBS). The purpose of this operation is as an early preventive measure against bus drivers to ensure that those drivers are free from drug abuse. This effort can prevent road accidents and other malicious behaviour 167

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 channel information related to Managing People Under Illegal Immigrants along the country's Supervision borders. Based on the statistics collected iii. Collaboration with the Malaysian for 2020, a total of 57,382 People Under Space Agency (MySA) As to Supervision (PUS) have undergone increase the effectiveness of a period of supervision to follow treatment enforcement operations, NADA and rehabilitation programmes between two has collaborated with MySA through to three years in the community. the use of MySA drones for the Emphasis is given to the management purpose of mapping areas and of pre-determined client file categorization reviewing drug abuse and social and this is a method of assessing the diversion activities in known risk level of compliance based on the status areas for sure. One of the pilot drone of the identified clients and arranged use programmes with MySA was according to compliant and non-compliant implemented in the locality Desa categories throughout the supervision Mentari housing area, Petaling Jaya, period. In addition, urine tests must also Selangor, which is one of the be tested upon PUS in ensuring drug-free 12 Integrated Initiative Areas in and adherence to surveillance conditions the project. This collaboration will be throughout this period. continued on an ongoing basis to improve the effectiveness of enforcement operations by leveraging the latest technology use of drones and related systems. 168

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Regional and International Cooperation In February 2021, the NADA The sharing of the latest information and data on the country's drug supply Enforcement and Security Division and demand through the 10th ASEAN participated in the 5th ASEAN Seaport Drug Monitoring Network Meeting (ADMN) was conducted by teleconference on Interdiction Task Force (AAITF) by 7-8 April 2021. ADMN is a technical teleconference. The annual meeting was and capacity development platform operated by ASEAN NARCO to monitor, chaired by Brunei Darussalam. This collect and analyses drug addiction meeting aimed to share information trends in the region to be updated from time to time through the annual ADMN and expertise as well as coordinate report. cross — border operations in the region NADA Enforcement and Safety through the cooperation of various Division and the International Branch enforcement agencies of ASEAN member also participated in the 64th Session of The countries to combat drug trafficking Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) syndicates through international waters. on 12-16 April 2021 online held in Vienna, Austria. The CND conference In addition, a meeting of the Technical Meeting Mid Term Review is held annually to discuss, consider (MTR) ASEAN Work Plan on Securing and decide on various decisions and Communities against Illicit Drug Trafficking 2016-2025 was held on 31st March 2021. resolutions related to the drug problem Through this meeting, all ASEAN member countries have shared their views to at the international level. The conference the National Narcotics Bureau (BNN) also aims to enhance the role of the Indonesia which will conduct a mid-term analysis on the ASEAN Work Plan Commission on Narcotics Drugs as which has begun to be reported by well as strengthen anti-drug programmes all ASEAN countries in 2016. BNN has sent a questionnaire to identify the at the international level, especially those achievements of all ASEAN countries implemented under the UNODC platform. based on the Work Plan that has been set. 169

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Harm Reduction Malaysia has implemented the infection in Malaysia and are included harm reduction approach since 2005 in the Integrated Biological Behavioural primarily to reduce HIV infection among Surveillance (IBBS) survey at regular People Who Inject Drug (PWID). PWID interval (two to three years) since year are one of the key populations for HIV 2009. Source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020, Ministry of Health Malaysia Given that sharing injection The OST Program coverage offered paraphernalia is the main mode at selected government and private health of transmission in Malaysia since facilities since 2006, has shown an the beginning of the HIV epidemic, increased to more than 70% since 2017. Harm Reduction Program that consist While the NSEP program, implemented of Needle and Syringe Exchange Program through smart partnership with NGO (NSEP) and Opioid Substitution Therapy under Malaysian Aids Council (MAC) (OST) remained the mainstay of prevention at their outreach points throughout programmes to PWID in Malaysia. the country has reported a significant reduction in programme coverage of less than 50% since 2017. 170

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 NSP and OST Coverage among PWID, 2016-2019 Source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020, Ministry of Health Malaysia This is in line with the National According to IBBS results from 2012 Strategic Plan for Ending AIDS that to 2017, the coverage of prevention encourage opioid injectors to shift to OST programmes among PWID have been to ensure better ART uptake. moderate (50%-70%) but higher compare to other key population. Coverage of Prevention Programmes Among Key Populations, Malaysia, IBBS 2012-2017 Source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020, Ministry of Health Malaysia 171

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Malaysia has its sight set on 90% PLHIV will receive Antiretroviral the beginning of the end of AIDS in the Treatment and 90% PLHIV receiving country through the new National Antiretroviral Therapy will have viral Strategic Plan on Ending AIDS for suppression. In that regard, Malaysia 2016-2030 including fast-track-treatment has achieved 89%-56%-85% as of 2019 target of 90-90-90; with 90% of people as shown on the chart below. living in HIV (PLHIV) know their status, HIV Testing and Treatment Cascade, Malaysia, 2019 Source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020, Ministry of Health Malaysia However, this programme is also in epidemic landscape from predominantly the context of drug treatment aimed PWID to more sexual transmission. at minimizing the adverse public health and The proportion of sexual transmission social consequences of drug abuse, and has increase to more than 90% in 2019. with a view to prevent the transmission However, these changes bring forth of HIV, viral hepatitis and other blood-borne new challenge related to sexual behaviour diseases associated with drug use. with drug use. In the past one decade, the country observed gradual changes in the HIV 172

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Trend of HIV infection by Mode of Transmission, 2000-2019 Source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020, Ministry of Health Malaysia In the nutshell, these programmes and increasing continuous safe (harm reduction) have positive impact as injecting practises above 80% in this reflected in the declining of HIV prevalence key population. HIV Prevalence and Safe Injecting Practises among PWID, IBBS 2012-2017 Source: Global AIDS Monitoring 2020, Ministry of Health Malaysia 173

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Conclusion were translated into programmes and activities that are aimed to reduce the Integrated and balanced approaches illicit drugs trafficking and protect the have been carried out to curb substance community from the menace of the drugs. abuse and drug addiction in Malaysia. Five main thrusts of National Drug Policy 174

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation The Philippines Description of Policies Released in 2020 In the fulfillment of its mandate, Board Regulation No. 2, Series of 2020 the Dangerous Drugs Board formulates policies which aim to address new and (Subject: Guidelines in the Nationwide emerging issues on drug abuse prevention Implementation of Drug Clearing Program and control. in Controlled Facilities for Persons Deprived of Liberty) From January to December 2020, the policy output attained by the DDB This Regulation was issued to recorded four (4) Board Regulations and establish a clear and unified Guidelines in seventeen (17) Board Resolutions which the Nationwide Implementation of Drug are now being implemented at the various Clearing Program in Controlled Facilities levels of the community. The following are for Persons Deprived of Liberty in support the relevant policies issued: of the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drug Strategies and other policies of the government to Board Regulation No. 1, Series of 2020 pursue an integrated approach in the planning and implementation of anti-drug (Subject: Immediate Adoption of Changes strategies. in the Scope of Control of Substances Pursuant to the Three (3) United Nations Board Regulation No. 3, Series of 2020 International Drug Conventions) (Subject: Placing Drug Products Containing Pursuant to the three (3) United Cannabidiol (CBD) with no more than 0.1 Nations International Drug Conventions: the per cent Tetrahydrocannabinol in Schedule 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 4 of the Philippine Schedule) the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention The Board approved and adopted Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Board Regulation No. 3, Series of 2020 Psychotropic Substances, the Regulation on 24th September 2020 that drug provides for the immediate adoption products containing CBD with no more than of changes in the scope of control 0.1 per cent (0.1%) tetrahydrocannabinol of substances based on the amendments (“Drug Products Containing CBD” for made by the Commission on Narcotic brevity) be reclassified from Schedules Drugs (CND) as reflected in the Schedules 1 and 2 to Schedule 4 of the Philippine of the Convention. Schedule. 175

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The Regulation specifies that only FDA issue a Certificate of Product physicians with S2 Licenses are members Registration, the importer thereof shall of specialty divisions or societies engaged secure the proper license from in neurology can prescribe drug products the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency containing CBD with the use of the Special and comply with all regulatory requirements Prescription Form for Dangerous Drugs set forth in Board Regulation No. 1, Series of the Department of Health. of 2014 and other relevant issuances of the Board. Board Regulation No. 4, Series of 2020 Board Resolution No. 3, Series of 2020 (Subject: Guidelines for the Oversight of General Interventions (GI) and (Subject: Closure Order Against Better Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation Days Ahead Recovery Centre in Bacolod Programs (CBDRP) Implemented and City) Adopted by the Local Government Units at Various Levels) During the 2nd Special Online Session of the Board, A Resolution has To provide accreditation and been approved and adopted that a closure certification mechanisms for the conduct order be served against Better Days Ahead of intervention programmes being done Recovery Centre in Bacolod City for at the community level, the DDB issued operating illegally and without accreditation a Board Regulation which allows the DOH from the Department of Health. to review, evaluate, certify, and oversee the interventions for low risk, moderate risk Under Section 81 (j) of RA No. 9165, and mild substance use disorder being the Board shall initiate and authorize implemented by LGUs, PNP, and other closure proceedings against non-accredited stakeholders. The Regulation provides and/or substandard treatment and Guidelines for Review and Certification rehabilitation centres based on verified of General Interventions and Community- reports of human rights violations, Based Drug Rehabilitation Programs subhuman conditions, inadequate medical Implemented by the Local Government training and assistance, and excessive fees Units. for implementation by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Board Resolution No. 1, Series of 2020 Board Resolution No. 4, Series of 2020 (Subject: On the Product Registration of LIANHUA QINGWEN Capsules with the (Subject: Extending the Validity of the Food and Drug Administration) Provisional Accreditation Granted to Physicians Authorized to Conduct Drug On the product registration of Dependency Examination by the Lianhua Qingwen capsules with the Food Department of Health for a Period of Two and Drug Administration (FDA), the Board (2) Years) interpose no objection, provided that should 176

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Given the COVID-19 pandemic and Section 75 of RA No. 9165 provides the realignment of programs and resources that the Board shall support the towards addressing the same, training establishment of government-operated activities for the accreditation of physicians regional treatment and rehabilitation have been suspended. To grant the centres and shall give priority funding for request of Health Secretary Francisco the increase of subsidy to existing Duque III, the DDB issued a Resolution government drug rehabilitation centres. which provides for a two-year extension of validity of provisional accreditation of Approving the recommendation physicians to avoid forfeiture of their of Treatment, Rehabilitation, and existing accreditation and allow them Reintegration Committee (TRRC) for the to undergo additional training upon release of financial assistance, the Board normalization of government operations. issued Board Resolution No. 6, Series of 2020 to authorize the provision Board Resolution No. 5, Series of 2020 of financial assistance amounting to Php 21.43M to the following rehabilitation (Subject: Adoption of the DOH Interim facilities: (1) Municipal Government of Guidelines for Infection Prevention and Maluso, Basilan, (2) City Government of Control (IPC) in Drug Abuse Treatment and Ormoc, (3) DOH-TRC San Fernando La Rehabilitation Facilities) Union, and (4) Central Luzon Centre for Health Development for Mega DATRC. The Resolution adopts the DOH In- terim Guidelines for Infection Prevention Board Resolution No. 9, Series of 2020 and Control (IPC) in Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Facilities covered under (Subject: Approval and Adoption of the DOH Memorandum No. 2020-0264, dated Unified Manual in the Investigation and 29 May 2020. This is in response to the Prosecution of Dangerous Drugs Cases) COVID-19 pandemic wherein the risk of viral spread is high among people in clus- During its 4th Virtual Session, ters, especially in closed areas, such as in the Dangerous Drugs Board, through Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation a Resolution, approved and adopted the Centres (DATRCs). Unified Manual in the Investigation and Prosecution of Dangerous Drugs Cases for Board Resolution No. 6, Series of 2020 implementation by law enforcement agencies and prosecution agencies of (Subject: Approving the Provision of the government. This shall serve as the Financial Assistance from the Special operation tool for cases involving violations Account in the General Fund of the of RA No. 9165 or the Comprehensive Board to Government Treatment and Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. Rehabilitation Centres and Community- Based Treatment and Rehabilitation Facilities for CY 2020) 177

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Board Resolution No. 10, Series of 2020 The National Dairy Authority (NDA), an attached agency of the Department (Subject: Approving the Provision from of Agriculture, markets local milk and the Special Account in the General Fund of milk products sourced from farmers and the Board to Government Treatment promotes the dairy industry as a model and Rehabilitation Centres and for asset creation, job generation, and Community-Based Treatment and increased income. The NDA has expressed Rehabilitation Facilities for CY 2020) its willingness to partner with the Board for the implementation of nutrition By virtue of a Resolution, the management guidelines through the Dangerous Drugs Board approved the provision of financial support which may be recommendation of the Treatment, utilized by drug abuse treatment and Rehabilitation and Reintegration Committee rehabilitation centres. and authorized the provision of financial assistance to government treatment and The issuance of the Resolution rehabilitation centres and community-based provides for the approval of the treatment and rehabilitation facilities. Memorandum of Agreement between The funding assistance will be used for the the DDB and NDA for the provision of establishment and maintenance of new support relative to the implementation drug treatment and rehabilitation centres of nutrition management guidelines in in the country, as well as the operation and the amount of Php 2,000,000. maintenance of existing ones. Board Resolution No. 16, Series of 2020 Board Resolution No. 14, Series of 2020 (Subject: Grant of Financial Support for (Subject: Approving the Memorandum of the Proposed Research Project of the Agreement Between the Dangerous Drugs University of the Philippines-Drugs of Board and the National Dairy Authority for Abuse Research Laboratory (UP-DARL), the Provision of Support Relative to the entitled: Development and Validation of Implementation of Nutrition Management a Plastic-Based Microfluidic POCT-Device Guidelines in Drug Abuse Treatment and (E-tox) used to detect Intoxication with Rehabilitation Centres) Selected New Psychoactive Substances and Pharmaceuticals) With the technical assistance of the Department of Science and Pursuant to Section 81 of RA 9165 Technology-Food and Nutrition Research which empowers the Board to initiate, Institute (DOST-FNRI), the Board conduct and support scientific, clinical, introduced dietary manuals designed to social, psychological, physical, and provide nutrition management guidelines on biological researches on dangerous drugs the adoption of a balanced and nutritious and dangerous drugs prevention and diet for persons who use drugs who are control measures; the Board expressed currently admitted in drug abuse treatment favorable consideration for the grant of and rehabilitation centres. 178

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 financial support the proposed research Board Resolution No. 17, Series of 2020 project of the University of the Philippines – Drugs of Abuse Research Laboratory (Subject: Closure Order Against Zen Haven entitled: DEVELOPMENT AND Rehabilitation Centre in Silang, Cavite) VALIDATION OF A PLASTIC-BASED MICROFLUID POCT DEVICE (E-TOX) Similar to Board Resolution No. 3, USED TO DETECT INTOXICATION WITH Series of 2020, a Closure Order against SELECTED NEW PSYCHOACTIVE Zen Haven Rehabilitation Centre in Silang, SUBSTANCES AND PHARMACEUTICALS, Cavite was issued based on verified in collaboration with different notable reports of operating illegally without academic and medical institutes, accreditation from the Department of and hospital from the University of Health. The Philippine Drug Enforcement the Philippines. Agency shall implement the Closure Order against the said rehabilitation centre, The objective of the study is to with assistance from the DOH and develop, optimize and validate submit a report to the Board within a plastic-based microfluidic screening seven (7) days from the implementation device for intoxication with selected thereof. New Psychoactive Substances which are commonly associated in poisoning. IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTIVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES I. On Capacity Building and Advocacy Programmes A. Training of Trainers on the Units (LGUs), National Government Universal Prevention Curriculum Agencies (NGAs) and Non-Governmental for Substance Use: Family-Based Organizations (NGOs) were trained from Implementer Series 27 January-5 February 2020. The training series is an eight (8) day B. Updates on the Philippine Anti-Illegal live-in training programme which provide Drugs Strategy an overview of the family as the primary socialization agent of children, the This activity was designed to give science behind family-based prevention an update on the new Board Regulations intervention, and the application of such formulated by the Dangerous Drugs Board evidence-based approaches to help (DDB). One-hundred (100) Health prevent the onset of substance use among Directors of the Seventh Day Adventists children. A total of twenty (20) national (Luzon-wide) were trained on trainers representing Local Government 27-28 February 2020. 179

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 C. Workshop on the Development of abuse prevention activities geared towards Implementing Guidelines for Tahanang the creation of drug-free workplaces. Pangkabuhayan (Sheltered Workshops) For 2020, 50 staff from the Department of Programme Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the National Museum were trained This is a joint undertaking of DDB on 21st January 2020. Also, 100 field office and the Technical Education and Skills managers of the Land transportation Office Development Authority (TESDA) to create were trained on 27-28 February 2020. sheltered workshops that provide skills training and livelihood projects for drug E. Anti-Drug Symposium surrenderers enrolled in the community- based programme. A two-day workshop DDB organised a symposium in to develop the implementing guidelines response to Nemesio Yabut Senior programme was organised on High School’s request to provide resource 3-4 March 2020 and was participated by persons on Drug-Free Workplace Policy in 17 technical staff from DDB and TESDA. schools, conduct of drug testing, anti-drug related programmes for the youth and D. Drug-Free Workplace Program the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy. The event conducted in 7th February 2020 The advocacy programme aims to benefitted 200 students and faculty promote drug-free workplace both in members of the said school. government and non-government organizations/agencies. It was designed to encourage workplaces to implement drug II. Online Implementation of Programmes Effective Parenting F. Virtual Workshop on Reimagining #preventyourchildfromdrugs Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation #protectyourchildfromcovid19 Program (CBDRP) and NGA Workshop The activity was delivered through DDB organised a workshop on a two-hour webinar that aims to enhance policies and intervention on the the participants’ knowledge and skills on Community-based Drug Rehabilitation parenting and their roles as parents in Program (CBDRP) for Persons Who drug abuse prevention. A total of 138 Use Drugs (PWUDs). The virtual workshop participants registered online, 74 enterd focused on how important services are the meeting platform while 50 joined delivered even during pandemic. in the Facebook livestream aired on 28 May 2020. 180

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 G. Usapang Milenyal (Millennial Talk) I. Discouraging Drug Use in the with the theme “Katatagan ng Kabataan Workplace Tungo sa Kaligtasan” The event was an online discussion This webinar was focused on on how to effectively discourage and millennials and explored topics on how to address drug use in the workplace; be safe and healthy during the pandemic. 109 attendees in the virtual session while The event was conducted on 11th June 169 joined Facebook livestream last 2020 wherein 123 participants registered. 3rd July 2020. A similar webinar was A livestreaming was also done in DDB’s conducted in three parts for 103 employees Facebook Page and was viewed by 1100 from Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) people. last 29th October 2020. A seminar was also organised J. Impact of Drug Use to Mental Health for the Cebu Provincial Government’s Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) This was a webinar conducted last officers and members. This was done on 17th July 2020 on the relationship between 19th November 2020 and participated drug use and mental health including by 115 youth officers of the province. mental disorders and how to address the same and COVID 19 as part of mental H. New Client Flow for Wellness and stress. A total of 318 registered online, Recovery from Substance-related Issues 50 attended the virtual session while 360 people joined the Facebook livestream. The International Day Against This webinar was also delivered Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (IDADAIT) specific to 112 OSG employees on is an annual celebration which aims to 6th November 2020. improve the understanding of the world drug problem and foster greater K. Use of Nutritional Guide for Persons international cooperation for countering its Who Use Drugs (PWUDs) impact on health, governance and security. The 2020 celebration was based on the Last 24th July 2020, DDB organised theme “Better Knowledge for Better Cure”. a webinar on the importance of adopting a balanced diet for PWUDs with emphasis DDB, for its part, organised webinars on the dietary manuals developed by on the New Client Flow for Wellness and the Department of Science and Technology Recovery from Substance-related issues. -Food and Nutrition Research Institute The webinars tackled the pertinent (DOST-FNRI). Registered participants provisions and procedures institutionalised totaled to 345, 39 attended the virtual under DDB Board Regulation No. 7, Series session, 200 joined the Facebook of 2019. In total, 651 participants registered livestream. The livestream had 2,400 views for the webinar, 207 of which joined the during the webinar day. meeting platform while 345 viewed the Facebook livestream. 181

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 L. What You Should Know About Dangerous Drugs Board. It aims to provide Republic Act (RA) 9165 a venue for sharing country experiences in developing a preventive drug education This was an online discussion on the continuity plan and to redesign prevention significant provision of Republic Act 9165 or programmes in the context of a pandemic. the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002. It The activity spanned for six (6) webinars was held last 14 August and participated by conducted starting 7th October to 11th 60 people in the virtual session and 159 in November 2020. A total of 471 Program the livestream. Managers and Practitioners from the ASEAN Member State virtually attended A similar webinar was also the webinars via Microsoft Teams. conducted upon the request of the OSG last 19th November 2020. It was P. Plea Bargaining on Drug-Related participated in by 77 OSG staff. Cases M. Alamin Upang Hindi Biktimahin (What This was a discussion on plea to Know to Avoid being Victimised) bargaining with focus on drug-related cases attended by Councils, Parole and On 28th August 2020, a total of 314 Probation Administration (PPA), and the participants registered in the online Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency discussion on issues of illegal drug trade, (PDEA) officers from different regions, various trends and methods of drug USAID officers, and NGO handling concealment, modus operandi, and the drug-related cases. The webinar was drug courier problem in the Philippines. successfully conducted on 30th October The discussion was also live streamed 2020. and 159 people joined in. Q. Universal Prevention Curriculum N. Training on Clinical Supervision for (UPC) for Substance Use Course 2: Substance Abuse Programme Pharmacology and Physiology for Prevention Specialists This was a two-hour webinar on clinical supervision intended for Training programmes for the UPC rehabilitation workers. It was participated in covered two modules: (1) Course 2: by 154 Program Directors, Counselors, Pharmacology and Physiology for Psychologists and Rehabilitation Workers Prevention Specialists and (2) Course 5: on 8th October 2020. School-Based Prevention Interventions. The Course 2 training was conducted for O. Rethinking on Preventive Drug two days with the overall goal of reducing Education in the New Normal: the significant health, social, and economic The ASEAN Experience problems associated with the substance use by building international prevention The activity was spearheaded by capacity of the substance use prevention the UP-ASEAN Training Center Preventive Drug Education in collaboration with the 182

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 workforce. The 04-05 November 2020 T. Mitigating COVID-19s Negative training was participated by 33 members Impact on At-Risk Communities in from 25 Higher Education Institutions the Philippines (HEIs) and 12 staff from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). This webinar is part of a two-year project on COVID-19 response with funding The Course 5 training was delivered support from the Bureau of International in a three-day programme which provided Narcotics & Law Enforcement Affairs. participants an overview of the schools in It comprises support to various key society, the science behind school-based populations including young people, prevention intervention, and application of parents, teachers & non-teaching such evidence-based approaches in the personnel in the school setting and school settings. The training was held people who use drugs, their families and on 9-11 November 2020 and was the community. The virtual event last similarly attended by 33 participants from 18th November 2020 was joined by HEIs and 12 staff from CHED. 88 participants while 1,800 watched the Facebook livestream. R. Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Week 2020 Kick-Off Activity U. Impact and Prevention of Drug Use in the Workplace DDB led the nationwide annual observance of the Drug Abuse Prevention This webinar organised by DDB for and Control (DAPC) Week 2020 through an the Department of Agriculture aims to online kick-off event last 16th November. enrich the participants’ knowledge on the A total of 1,256 people registered online, impact of drugs and substance use in 176 attended virtually, and 2,200 joined the workplace and at the same time livestream. Participants came from various provide them with some tips on how to NGAs, LGUs, and NGOs including discourage drug use in the workplace. faith-based organizations. A total of 91 registrants, 85 participated in the virtual session last 25th November S. A Public Manager’s Experience in 2020. Creating a Drug-Free Workplace V. National Drug Education Program This webinar was designed to help (NDEP) Webinar Series (Episode 8): public heads/managers gain a clearer The Role of Parents in Drug Abuse understanding of their roles and Prevention & Intervention responsibilities on Implementing and maintaining a drug-free workplace. A total This was a webinar series for NDEP of 45 participants attended the virtual coordinators, “Barkada Kontra Droga” online, 156 joined the Facebook livestream coordinators, and teachers spearheaded by which garnered 1700 views. the Bureau of Learner Support Services, School Health Division of the Department 183

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 of Education. DDB was invited to discuss X. Drug Abuse Prevention in the Workplace the role of parents in drug abuse prevention DDB conducted an online discussion and intervention in the 8th episode of the on how to promote drug-free workplace series. both in government and non-government W. Seminar-Workshop on Dangerous agencies/organizations. The session was Drugs Law for Judges, Prosecutors and specific to the Department of National Law Enforcers for the national Capital Defense (DND). It was designed to encourage workplaces to implement Judicial Region drug abuse prevention activities geared This is a three-day online workshop towards the creation of drug-free to coordinate and integrate the overall workplaces. About 119 rank and file effort of the Criminal Justice System employees of DND participated in the especially in the field of prosecution and 10th December 2020 session. investigation. The 02-04 seminar was joined by 26 judges, seven prosecutors, and 37 from law enforcement agencies. III. Other Related Activities Public Consultation on the private organizations, and stakeholders Requirements for the Issuance of from the medical industries. a Licence to Acquire, Possess and Use Unregistered Products Containing Y. Review of the 4th Quarter Priorities Dangerous Drugs for Personal Use and for the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Reclassifying Cannabidiol (CBD) with Strategy (PADS) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from Schedule 1 to Schedule 4 of the Philippine This is a quarterly review of PADS Schedule Priority Program for the 4th quarter of Fiscal Year 2019. The review continuously One of the public consultations ensures the alignments of the programmes organised by DDB to discuss control of PADS-PMO with the mandates under measures for unregistered products the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy. and substance reclassification. A session It also set the next steps in the specific to CBD and THC implementation of priority activities. A review was conducted last 23-25 January Was organised on 21st January 2020 2020 and was attended by and was attended by 40 representatives 25 representatives from different divisions, from different government agencies, units, and offices of DDB. 184

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Z. Hosting of Testimonial Gathering and member agencies including the Department Ceremonial Signing of Memorandum of of Health (DOH), PDEA, Philippine National Agreement (MOA) between DDB and Police (PNP), Department of Justice (DOJ), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) attended the committee meeting. It was a testimonial gathering and ceremonial signing of MOA to strengthen CC. Launching of the Food & Nutrition the implementation of the shared Research Institute Nutrition Manual commitment between DDB and IBP. A total of 265 officers from DDB and A partnership between DDB and IBP Chapters from Luzon, Visayas and DOST-FNRI was created to develop Mindanao attended the ceremony last a dietary nutritional manual for patients 24th January 2020. under rehabilitation. This was part of DDB’s efforts to continuously improve demand AA. Roundtable Discussion on “To Test reduction initiatives and strengthen or Not To Test: Destigmatizing Drug intervention programmes for the Treatment Testing” & Rehabilitation Centers (TRCs). About 106 officers and employees representing This was a programme of the Center DDB, DOST, DOH, and TRCs attended Against Illegal Drugs of the Ateneo de the launching of the manual. Davao University to discuss legal requirements and processes in the DD. Meeting of Philippine Officials with implementation of Mandatory Random the Office of the United Nations High Drug Test (MRDT) in the educational Commissioner on Human Rights institutions. It was held on 30th January (OHCHR) 2020 and was attended by 80 participants from various HEIs in Davao. This was a meeting to prepare a comprehensive report on the human BB. Conduct of the Reclassification, rights situation in the Philippines for Addition or Removal of any Drug from presentation at the 44th Session of the the List of Dangerous and Controlled UN Human Rights Council in June 2020. Precursors and Essential Chemical The preparatory meeting held last Committee Meeting 12-15 February 2020 was attended by OHCHR researchers, and ambassadors It was an activity designed to and representatives from DDB, Department enhance, update, and harmonise Board of Foreign Affairs (DFA), Presidential Task Regulations and other current laws. Force on Media Security (PTFoMS), DOJ, A meeting of the Committee on PNP, National Commission on Indigenous Reclassification, Addition or Removal Peoples (NCIP), and National Task Force of Any Drug from the List of Dangerous to End Local Communist Armed Conflict Drugs and Controlled Precursors and (NTF-ELAC). Essential Chemicals was led by DDB last 4th February 2020. Twenty officials from 185

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 EE. Workshop on the Finalization of featured a segment to discuss the Board Regulation No. 1, series of current programmes, projects and 2014 advocacies of the DDB. The event was attended by 1,000 Lawmakers This was a one-day activity of (Vice Governors, Vice Mayors, the Technical Working Group (TWG) to Provincial Board Members, City and finalise the amendments to the Board Municipal Councilors, SK, and Regulation No. 3, Series of 2003, Association of Barangay Captains and or the \"Comprehensive Guidelines on Federation Presidents). Importation, Distribution, Manufacture, Prescription, Dispensing and Sale of, GG. Writeshop on the Development of and Other Lawful Acts in Connection the User Memorandum of Agreement with Any Dangerous Drugs, Controlled for the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Precursors and Essential Chemicals and Strategy- Agency Reporting and Other Similar or Analogous Substances.” Monitoring and PADS Information The 17th February 2020 TWG activity System and Strategic Plan was attended by 40 Officers from DDB, DOH, PDEA, PNP, DOJ, NBI and other This writeshop was designed to stakeholders. identify the requirements, allocation of budget and setting of the timeline for the FF. National Movement of Young development of the system and its Legislators: 24th National Convention launching. Around 21 members of DDB and Election of National Executive and the Consultative Working Group Committee joined the event last 27-29 February 2020. On 20th February 2020, the 24th National Convention of the Movement of Young Legislators 186

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Singapore AMENDMENTS TO MISUSE OF DRUG ACT 1. The global New Psychoactive b. a new Lysergide generic group Substances (NPS) situation remains which can deal with emerging challenging. The ease in which new types Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) of NPS are produced has resulted in analogues replaced the previous a highly dynamic NPS market. The Central group Narcotics Bureau (CNB) first introduced the generic listing approach to deal with c. Derivatives of ketamine, MDMA NPS in 2013. Since then, it has observed and methamphetamine were the appearance of new types of NPS, controlled designed to evade national control, entering the drug market. To address these 3. With the above revisions, the MDA challenges, the CNB worked with the will contain 12 generic groups and 67 Health Sciences Authority to review how to individually named NPS. These strengthen its coverage against NPS. amendments enhance CNB’s existing generic listing approach to control the 2. In 2020, the following proliferation of NPS, as well as enable CNB to take decisive action against the abuse amendments were introduced to the Misuse and trafficking of a wider range of new, of Drugs Act (MDA) to strengthen CNB’s synthesised substances. enforcement against new types of NPS: a. three new synthetic cannabinoid generic groups were introduced and these replaced three existing generic groups 187