13 Sep_ADM Report 2020 2021Sep13

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 KEY Preventive Drug Education (PDE) Initiatives In 2020 CONTINUOUS EDUCATION School Publications: Little Red Dot (LRD) and IN Magazine To complement existing Preventive Drug Education (PDE) offerings in schools, CNB has been leveraging the use of print media since June 2020 to run PDE advertorials and comic strips in the LRD and IN Magazine that are distributed to primary and secondary schools that subscribe to them. Teachers may use these as teaching materials, to engage students in discussions on the harms of drug abuse and further emphasise the importance of a drug-free lifestyle. Activity Book CNB collaborated with a Nanyang Polytechnic graduate to conceptualise, design and produce an activity book for children between five and eight years old. Titled “Captain Drug Buster & Dr. Wacko: The Origin”, the book serves as an educational resource for parents and educators to engage young children on the topic of drugs through storytelling and simple activities, such as colouring, matching, and word search. To enhance young children’s language and literacy competencies, the book comes in the English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil languages. It is available for loan from public libraries and libraries in all primary schools. It is also available for download from the CNB website. 188

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 kNOw Cannabis information booklet DrugFreeSG Video Competition 2020 kNOw Cannabis is an all- Held between February and August encompassing resource on cannabis to 2020, the DrugFreeSG Video Competition equip educators, parents and counsellors offered youths who are interested in video with facts and information to cascade production an avenue to creatively express to students and youths. The booklet their understanding of the harms of drugs. includes statistics, trends of concern, tips, The competition, which encouraged youths infographics, and proposed lesson plans to produce films with an anti-cannabis for educators. Hard copies have been theme, attracted 38 entries (20 from the distributed to all schools and family service Youths category and 18 from the Young centres, and a digital version is available Adults category), with a total of 116 partici- on the CNB website. pants. 189

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 In lieu of a physical videography After School Engagement (ASE) workshop, CNB posted three short video Programme clips on its social media platforms to share tips on film making with participants, and CNB continued to offer ASE for the Year 2019’s winners to share their programmes to students to inculcate experiences. CNB ran a popularity contest a drug-free lifestyle. The customised post-competition in August 2020 for programme provides students with netizens to vote for their favourite videos. a holistic experience to learn more about the harms of drug abuse and its Year 2019 winners sharing their experiences consequences through a sharing session by an ex-abuser, an augmented reality (AR) experience, a tour of the CNB heritage gallery, an anti-drug talk by a CNB officer and a video screening session. With the support of the Ministry of Education (MOE), the programme is offered to 120 secondary schools. It was suspended in April 2020 due to COVID-19 but has since resumed in school premises in accordance with safe management measures. Stills from Year 2020 winning entries Stills from Year 2020 winning entries 190

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 PDE Video – Be Aware, Be Wise, Think Interactive PDE Skits Twice CNB’s interactive skits aim to Released in April 2020 on CNB’s educate and engage students on the social media platforms, “Be Aware, dangers of drug abuse through humour, Be Wise, Think Twice” is a video that aims relatable themes and storylines that are to tackle the dangers of cannabis through relevant to youths today. Generally, the spontaneous conversations between skits focus on reiterating the harmful an adult and young children. We often consequences of drug abuse, how to lead advise children against accepting sweets a drug-free lifestyle and tips on how to say and candies from strangers. In some parts no. For primary and secondary schools, of the world, these innocent-looking sweet a Q&A segment is also incorporated treats can be laced with controlled to strengthen students’ understanding of drugs. The video acts as a cautionary the anti-drug message. For post-secondary message to parents and educators to stay schools, the skits include interactive vigilant against such ‘edibles’, while elements like facilitated intervention in educating our children and teens on the handling scenarios such as peer pressure, harmful effects of drugs. so as to enable youths to experience and handle these situations should they encounter them in real life. In light of the COVID-19 situation, CNB offered pre-recorded and live-stream performances, with teachers assisting in the facilitation of the Q&A and prize distribution segments within their respective schools to retain the interactive element. 191

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 In 2020, a total of 71 schools and close to 29,000 students took part in the AAA activities. An anti-drug montage competition was also held alongside the activities for students to show their support for the drug-free cause through their artwork. Photos taken before the Circuit Breaker period Entries submitted for the anti-drug montage competition Anti-drug Ambassador Activity (AAA) and Anti-Drug Montage Competition 2020 The AAA is an activity booklet that is distributed annually to schools and community organisations, and aims to impart anti-drug messages to Primary 4 and Primary 5 students. The booklet comprises interactive and engaging activities designed to equip students with knowledge on the dangers of drug abuse. To inject novelty and encourage self-exploratory learning, CNB has incorporated AR markers and instructions to download the DrugFreeSG app in the booklets. 192

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 MEDIA CAMPAIGNS Social Media Campaigns CNB continues to reach out to youths via online platforms. Mythbuster Series #TheStruggle video series From May to December 2020, #TheStruggle is a video series the ‘Mythbuster’ series on social media that features stories from ex-drug highlighted various illicit drugs and the offenders’ past to reiterate the negative harms they bring to the human body. consequences of drug abuse. Their stories Through the use of explainer video clips, highlight the struggles they faced in catchy infographics and quizzes, the series overcoming drug addiction, the negative addresses myths about drugs from an impact of drug addiction on their evidence-based, science-driven angle. relationships with their loved ones, while providing insight into their recovery with the help of various rehabilitation programmes and familial support. In 2020, two videos were produced and published on CNB’s social media platforms, including one produced in collaboration with students from Singapore Polytechnic. #TheStruggle – Benny Thiam 193

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Countering Misinformation about Drugs Examples of news stories and articles of interest via Social Media from overseas (2020) Besides the worsening drug situation, there have been several other developments globally that are of concern. There is a global movement towards more liberal attitudes on drugs, as some nations push for alternative drug policies decriminalising and/or legalising drug use. Fuelling this movement is the glamourisation and normalisation of drug use in pop culture and media, which promotes misleading information about drugs and drug use. With this in mind, CNB curates timely news stories, research findings and articles of interest on the harms and facts of drugs, which are shared on CNB’s social media platforms. Bite-sized infographic on amendments to the First Schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act (Sep 2020) 194

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 HIGH (NCADA’s 2020 Campaign) The National Council Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) launched its 2020 campaign with HIGH, Singapore’s first interactive short film. Produced in collaboration with award-winning local director, Royston Tan, the film was designed to allow viewers to make choices on behalf of the protagonist to uncover various possibilities and endings, underscoring the importance of making informed decisions in a drug encounter. The film was screened at various Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) in January 2020, reaching over 5,000 students. Each film preview was followed by a Safe Zone Discussion, an interactive and thought-provoking platform for students to share their thoughts on the film, on drug abuse and drug advocacy. The campaign went live online on 19th March 2020 and had since garnered more than 150,000 unique views. Sharing of local news stories / articles of interest (Oct 2020) 195

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 From March to July 2020, NCADA In 2020, the film was nominated worked with different mainstream as Singapore’s national winning entry and online media to spark broader for the Asian Academy Creative Award. conversations about the reality of drugs This is an Asia Pacific-level industry award and address the drivers of drug abuse. recognising the best of the best creative NCADA’s PR efforts expanded the scope works from 16 nations, including Australia, of HIGH, with media covering content New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, that included educational, social and Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Thailand advocacy aspects of the preventive drug etc. HIGH emerged as the Best Immersive narrative. Film at the awards. 196

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 BUILDING ADVOCACY Youth Anti-Drug Advocate (ADA) To further sustain anti-drug efforts Programme during the COVID-19 period, the students followed-up with a social media campaign In building a drug-free society, CNB on Instagram launched in May 2020, recognises that it is important to cultivate which featured a series of infographics young individuals to be resilient and to to educate the public on dangers of speak up for the drug-free cause within drug abuse and a digital anti-drug pledge their spheres of influence. platform. The ADA programme was created as a platform for the youth voice to be heard. It brings together youth advocates to equip them with the knowledge and skills to spread the anti-drug message, and youths are also encouraged to have a stake in the anti-drug cause by actively championing the drug-free cause as part of peer advocacy. As of December 2020, over 200 ADAs had participated in the programme. ITEWECARE In January 2020, Mr Javier Ng, an ADA with CNB, led a team of student volunteers to set up an anti-drug booth during the ITE College Central’s Co-curricular activity roadshow. Activities at the booth include the folding of paper hearts to pledge support for a #DrugFreeSG, and distribution of anti-drug collaterals to raise awareness among the student population on the drug-free cause. 197

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 ADA Training and Engagement Sessions Song - #Struggle by A’KA$H To continue our outreach to the CNB had worked with Amirul advocates, CNB has been tapping on A’Kasah, a youth passionate about the various digital tools such as Whatsapp/ anti-drug cause, to write and produce an Telegram, e-newsletters and video anti-drug song and music video titled conferencing technology, to adapt to the #Struggle. The heartfelt lyrics coupled new norm presented by the pandemic. with catchy tunes was a refreshing way to remind the audience of the dire A group of ADAs also arranged for consequences of drug use and fosters a Zoom workout session in May 2020, empathy for former drug abusers who are which ended with a recorded shout-out determined to change for the better. to highlight the importance of staying safe, The song and music video were launched healthy and drug-free. The video was on CNB’s social media platforms in posted on CNB’s social media platforms. February 2020. The ADA training programme has been brought online to ensure new ADAs receive the necessary support to carry out anti-drug advocacy work. 198

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 COLLABORATION WITH INSTITUTES OF HIGHER LEARNING Social Media Campaign - Short Film - A House is Not A Home #YouUseYouLoseSG CNB collaborated with students from Students from Ngee Ann the Nanyang Technological University’s Polytechnic’s School of Film & Media School of Art, Design and Media to Studies developed an integrated social produce a short film titled, “A House is Not media marketing campaign to unite a Home”. The film recounts the story of the youths of Singapore in the fight a family impacted by drug abuse and against drugs. The campaign titled, how a family member’s drug addiction #YouUseYouLose, was rolled out on brought about immense emotional stress to Facebook, Instagram and TikTok between loved ones and cripple family relationships. July and August 2020, and comprised a series of interactive content which The film was launched on CNB’s include TikTok challenges, IG Story social media platforms in July 2020 and quizzes, giveaways and videos featuring was also nominated for the National Youth sharing from ex-drug abusers. Prominent Film Awards 2020 (Media Student – Live social media influencers were roped in to Action category). rally youths to pledge for the anti-drug cause. More than 1,500 pledges were garnered through this campaign. 199

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 PUBLIC EVENTS Anti-Drug Abuse Campaign (ADAC) activities and messages on positivity, and were made available on Instagram, 2020 marked the 25th year of ADAC WhatsApp and Telegram. organised by CNB and the National Council Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) to commemorate the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking on 26 June. The ADAC 2020 comprised three key activities - the DrugFreeSG Light-Up event, the anti-drug ribbon-folding exercise at MOE schools, and the #ILiveFor social media campaign – to raise awareness and garner public support for the drug-free cause. DrugFreeSG Light-Up Held in the evening on 26th June 2020, the DrugFreeSG Light-Up 2020 saw 21 partners, including the Science Centre Singapore (SCS) and iconic structures and buildings within the Marina Bay area light up in green and white – the symbolic colours of the Anti-Drug Ribbon. In line with COVID-19 safe distancing measures, online activities were organised to raise awareness on the significance of this day and to rally public support for the anti-drug cause. In collaboration with a group of Singapore Polytechnic students, a DrugFreeSG BINGO template was created for Instagram Stories. In the lead-up to 26th June 2020, a ‘Glow Up’ Instagram filter and a sticker pack were also launched to encourage members of the public to pledge their commitment to stay drug-free. The sticker pack incorporated elements of healthy 200

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 CNB’s partners in the United Against ‘Glow Up’ Sticker Pack available Drugs Coalition also showed their support on Instagram, WhatsApp and Telegram by sharing about the DrugFreeSG Light-Up and online activities on their social media platforms. For example, CNB collaborated with the SCS to curate anti-drug contents on SCS’s website under the “International Days at Science Centre Singapore” segment to raise awareness on the issues of drug abuse. Other partners included Bapa Sepanjang Hayat (part of Centre for Fathering), Singapore Kadayanallur Muslim League, the Singapore Flyer, Broadwalk Anglers, Loopme (events/ lifestyle media platform), and Marina Bay Financial Centre which published shout-outs on the DrugFreeSG Light-Up and the online activities on their respective platforms. ‘Glow Up’ Instagram pledge filter #DrugFreeSG BINGO produced in collaboration with Singapore Polytechnic students Science Centre Singapore’s webpage content on the harms of drugs 201

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Anti-Drug Ribbon-Folding Exercise #ILiveFor Campaign In conjunction with the ADAC, The #ILiveFor campaign was CNB has been conducting the anti-drug launched as part of CNB’s efforts to bring ribbon-folding exercise at MOE schools to ADAC 2020 online to reach out to more encourage students to pledge their support people in light of the COVID-19 situation. for a drug-free Singapore. The campaign took a positive spin on the message: When one has something CNB provided a short video to to live for, they are less likely to throw explain the significance of the activity, their lives away to drugs. instructions on how to fold the anti-drug ribbon, as well as a message from Through a series of interactive Mr Hawazi Daipi, Chairman of the National social media posts including profile Council Against Drug Abuse. features of everyday people, a ‘Guess the Emoji’ contest, as well as a sticker pack and an Instagram filter game featuring light-hearted and positive messages, the campaign aimed to encourage one to think about what or who they live for. Anti-drug ribbon-folding activity in MOE schools 202

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 CNB also collaborated with Singapore Polytechnic students on several Instagram Story templates in line with the #ILiveFor theme. An #ILiveFor sticker pack was made available on Instagram, WhatsApp and Telegram, and an #ILiveFor Instagram filter was also created. In September 2020, CNB’s partners in the United Against Drugs Coalition – including Highpoint Community Services Association (HCSA) and the IHLs – also joined in the #ILiveFor campaign through interview features, and participated in a video compilation of individuals sharing what they live for. #ILiveFor profile features #ILiveFor Instagram Filter Game and Sticker Pack #ILiveFor ‘Guess the Emoji’ Contest 203

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Ambient Marketing – Horrors of the Cannabeast The Horrors of the Cannabeast, an ambient marketing campaign, was launched in public spaces and IHLs between December 2019 and February 2020. The campaign aimed to dispel myths of cannabis as a non-addictive and less harmful drug and was based on UFO catcher arcade games popular amongst youths. The campaign offered youths an interactive experience about how cannabis abuse can affect their well-being negatively, and sought to generate conversations about the importance for a drug-free community. #ILiveFor Instagram Story template in collaboration with Singapore Polytechnic #ILiveFor compilation video featuring IHL students 204

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Programme Launched in April 2017, the Dadah Online Inspirasi series Outreach with Itu Haram (DIH) campaign is a ground-up, Jamiyah and Pertapis halfway house community-nuanced initiative which residents supports the anti-drug efforts within the Malay Muslim (MM) community. The Inspirasi (Inspiration) Series Outreach was initiated in July 2019 with DIH Hari Raya Video the aim of directly engaging and inspiring vulnerable members of the Malay-Muslim The campaign expanded its community, while spreading anti-drug outreach online through an animated messages. The programme focuses on video produced for Hari Raya 2020 with supporting ex-offenders in their recovery the aim of reminding the MM community and journey to a better life through on the importance of forgiveness and the sharing of advice and tips on how to building strong family relations. The video live responsibly. was published on DIH’s social media platforms on the eve of Hari Raya 2020. CNB strengthened its partnership with the halfway houses by organising an online outreach on 23rd June 2020 for 200 residents and staff of Jamiyah and Pertapis halfway houses. The event was conducted via the Zoom video conferencing platform and DIH influencer, Mr Aaron Aziz, attended the online event to interact and deliver anti-drug messages and advice to the residents. Residents from both halfway houses also contributed musical performances. 205

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 DIH-LMN Series of Online Talks Titled Bringing the DIH message to a whole “An All-women Forum: The Wonder new stage – e-Piala Suara Serumpun Women Series” 2020 CNB works with its community 2020 saw the continued partners to co-create programmes and collaboration with partners from the art activities promoting anti-drug messages scene as CNB strived to spread our for specific target groups, such as youths, anti-drug message to new audiences via parents, women, and ex-offenders. alternative platforms. CNB collaborated with Liyana On 7th November 2020, CNB Musfirah Network (LMN), a Malay-Muslim was involved in the organisation of e-Piala organisation that champions women’s Suara Serumpun 2020, a competition to causes, to conduct a series of online promote traditional Malay choral singing forums specifically catered for Muslim amongst students from the various IHLs. women. Besides educating them on This year, 13 groups participated in anti-drug matters, the online forums the online event – the first online dikir barat explored topics such as managing competition in Singapore – and over stress in multiple roles, and the role 23,000 online viewers tuned in to the of Muslim women in providing a strong event through SerumpunDKSG’s YouTube support system for those around them. channel and Tampines West Community Centre’s Facebook page. Unlike previous Over 250 Malay-Muslim women editions where teams performed live, participated in the three online talks the participating teams at this year’s conducted on 23rd October, 20th November event submitted their recorded and 18th December 2020. Minister of State performances prior to the online event for the Ministry of Home Affairs and broadcast due to the prevailing COVID-19 Ministry of National Development, measures. Associate Professor Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim, attended the opening of the inaugural session. 206

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 DIH-related quizzes were also conducted during performance intervals and winners received DIH collaterals. BOTHAIPORULAI ETHIRTHU NIRPOM (BEN) CAMPAIGN In 2019, CNB extended and expanded our outreach to the Indian community under the ‘Bothaiporulai Ethirthu Nirpom’ (BEN) campaign, which translates to ‘We Stand United Against Drugs’. #DontRushChallenge In May 2020, CNB ramped up its engagement efforts amongst the Indian community by creating a social media cam- paign that featured the campaign’s volun- teers and BEN Anti-Drug Ambassador, Mr Anand K. The #DontRushChallenge video with its subtle anti-drug message, resonat- ed with many youths as it was produced by the volunteers themselves. 207

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 BEN’S Fitness Engagement Initiative: Short Film – “The Reflection” ‘high in spirits & endurance, no to drugs’ CNB collaborated with several ITE CNB joined hands with ‘Sculpt College West students to create a short Singapore’ and ‘Fitmantras’ in October anti-drug themed film titled “Bimbam” 2020 to promote a healthy and drug-free (“The Reflection”) giving a realistic look lifestyle amongst fitness enthusiasts. at the current drug situation in Singapore. Complying with COVID-19 safe This final video was showcased distancing measures, BEN campaign at an event in January 2020, graced collaterals such as decals, shoe bags, by Member of Parliament Vikram Nair, stickers and towels, were distributed and attended by BEN partners and to their Indian clientele. In addition to volunteers, film cast and production team promoting the anti-drug message, the as well as their family and friends. emphasis on discipline and hard work in The video has been shared on social achieving one’s goals was also reiterated media platforms belonging to CNB social by the advocates. media platforms and BEN Anti-Drug Ambassador Mr. Anand K. 208

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Thailand Thailand Drug Demand Reduction Innovation in 2020 Drug demand reduction has been and assistance given to drug users. placed as priority to solve drug problem Drug prevention and treatment were with the main focus on building immunity, implemented with new innovation. safe environment, target groups access The Appropriate and Concrete Drug Prevention Measures in Each Target Group 1. Building up perception to 1.2 Through the news broadcasting enhance drug immunity to reduce new tower, public address system in schools, drug abuser by focusing on the high risk factories, villages and communities and group aged between 15-24 years as radio stations, through partner agencies. well as the group that involved with the high risk group to create awareness, As the result of those measures, to urge them to take part in drug prevention about 5.6 million people increased from the for themselves, their family, community target of 4.9 million people who were and society, to encourage them to change the high-risk target group aged between their behaviors as well as to build up 15-24 years or about 115.70% had social trend on recognizing and the perception on drug prevention, their participating in drug prevention with drug immunity were enhanced. Besides, the main content on “Safe Zone, No New 53.2 million people increased from the Face” as the new generation did not use set target of 33.5 million people or about drug. The drug prevention measures were 158.69% comprised 9.1 million children and carried out through various channels as youth, 1.7 million workers and 42.4 million following; people from villages and communities had been aware of drug prevention. 1.1 Through the social media by building up perception in the form of 20 short VDO clips entitled “Building up Inspiration for Drugs Prevention”. 209

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 2. Enhancing drug immunity by 2.2 Organised the talk project providing information and knowledge on “Getting to Know Yourself, No-one through all channels and organizing all Wins or Loses” to enhance the knowledge, kinds of activities which could reach understanding and the right attitude in the target groups so that the target groups taking care of the youth target group, had the right living skills. to share and exchange caring method and problems solving method on the youth, 2.1 Organised “Project on Safe as well as to promote the setting up Zone, No New Face (Youtuber)” to support of parental network in adjusting and the drug prevention policy in the youth applying the knowledge in their families target group which was aimed to have and in communicating the perceived “Safe Zone”, especially the safe zone on information. The questions and answers social media to reduce opportunities in session on related issues was also involving with drug or other risky behaviors arranged by mental health professionals, in the future. The activities included short the project was organised 3 times on VDO clips competition on the current the following topics; important issues which were publicised through social media, public relations 1) Positive Energy, Home’s activities to build up perception and Fence, School’s Fence and Community’s training to provide education to well-known Fence towards Drug Immunity in the influencer through the project’s website Youth by Associate Professor Doctor to be in consistent with the interest of the Suriyadeo Tripathi, Director of Moral target groups such as speaking and Center (Public Organization). communication technique by Na-Nake (Ket Saepsawad Palakawong Na Ayutthaya) 2) How Difficult It Is, who is a popular TV star, speaking to Be a Youth by Doctor Jitrin Jaidee, technique on content and discipline a psychiatrist at the Mental Health and of being Youtuber by Bie The Ska (Krit Rehab Center, Bangkok Hospital; Boonyarang) who is a popular Youtuber, etc. 3) “Unlock the Popular Disease Causes by Teens” by Doctor Apisamai Srirangsan, Doctor Anothai Soonsawat, a psychiatrist at the Mental Health and Rehab Center, Bangkok Hospital. 210

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Outcome of the Implementation find themselves to continually build up immunity, activities to help, protect and The Children and the Youth in take care of 107,125 persons who were Educational Institute in this group, such as helped 27,855 youth to continue their education, helped 1) The early childhood level, drug 17,324 youth on vocational training, immunity was built up by developing brain and helped 43,967 youth on sports and skills to lay the foundation of drug immunity recreation. Besides, trainings were in the long term through Executive organised for 7,088 Anti-Drug Volunteer Functions: EF about 74.54%, altogether Defence Corps. 1,553,857 children received drug immunity. Labor/Entrepreneur Group, campaign 2) Primary level, learning to provide knowledge and understanding development in parallel with life skills on drug prevention and to strengthen development and morality instillation were drug immunity to the labor were conducted conducted about 89.38% primary schools. as following; There were altogether about 72.96% student participated in the programme. 1. The workplace with more than 10 employees, campaigns were organised 3) Secondary level, vocational about 129.21%. school and university level, drug immunity, drug prevention and supporting them to 2. The small workplace with less take part in social activities were conducted than 10 employees, campaigns were in 10,548 institutes out of 11,755 institutes organised about 115.16%. which were the target number or about 89.73%. Altogether 4,034,460 youth participated in the programme. The out-of-school youth group, an extension of the concept on “Change the Risk Group to the Powerful Group” was carried out by urging them to 211

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The Measures to Adjust for Suitable subdistricts, 46 districts, or about 84.6% Environment The main activities were training and development of leaders, operation Encouraging villages/communities mechanism, strengthening families, and to have safe area which was based on prevention activities for the youth risk the idea of “Secured Sub-district”, which group. was the creation of environment for drug prevention with the purpose to urge the In addition, in 2020, priority concerned agencies to create safe area, was put on the lower northern region, which which would be managed to control risk was the strategic area. The mechanism factors/risk area that would lead to the on drug prevention and drug vigilance environment that supported drug was developed, by using villages/ prevention and saved from drug epidemic. communities as the centre for overcoming The main responsible agency was Ministry drug problem. The safe area in the of Interior which pooled cooperation from lower northern region were expected all sectors to take part in drug prevention to set up in the target area in 6 provinces, activities and to overcome drug problem namely, Kamphaeng Phet Province, in 3 major dimensions, i.e. tending Tak Province, Nakhon Sawan Province, of the risk group, helping the people Phichit Province, Phitsanulok Province, who had problem and increasing positive and Sukhothai Province, in 2020 the safe factors and area by organizing activities area were set up about 96.1% of the target and positive area for drug prevention, areas. The main activities were drug drug eradication or control, watching out watch out such as setting up check point, risk factors/ risk areas such as community patrolling etc. mingling source, hidden shops, entertaining places and service places which had negative impact towards community. Outcomes of the Implementation The safe areas were extended to cover 6,507 subdistricts/ districts, 71,384 villages/communities, among these number, 5,505 subdistricts and 46 districts were the target epidemic area, with the total target of 5,542 212

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Harm Reduction Programme The harm reduction service to every Bringing in Family/Community to Take Part drug patient was aimed to reduce harm in Solving Drug Abuser Problem or impact which might happen from drug towards themselves, intimates or society. The ONCB drove for the participation There were altogether 22,941 drug of family/community by set up the target patients received harm reduction service area for 2020 in 890 villages/communities or about 20% from 114,481persons (divided the area in 76 provinces with 879 who underwent treatment in treatment villages and 11 communities in Bangkok) centre. Besides, 6,145injected drug and to organise working team/village addicts were reached by NGOs, civil committee/ subdistrict operation unit to society sector, of these number, 1,430 search for drug abusers and assist them persons were HIV positive. Potential from tending and providing the support development of the government’s appropriately as well as to transfer them harm reduction service centres and that for treatment or to conduct the community- of the civil society were carried out, based treatment and rehabilitation in their the pilot project in using Buprenorphine or own villages including to follow up and Suboxone for substitution in the opioids conduct the aftercare to help them to group drug abusers in all 7 Thanyarak get back to their normal life in society. Hospitals under Princess Mother National As a result, 1,421 persons were assisted. Institute on Drug Abuse Treatment. In addition, the ONCB cooperated Reduction of the Impact of Drug Patients with the concerned agencies in supporting who had Psychiatric Problem family to take care their children who used drug by organizing the Project entitled The Handbook on the Measures “Baan Lom Rak” to develop the potential to Reduce the Impact of Drug Patients of family on communication skills, Who Had Psychiatric Problem was children and youth psychology and published, the content contained the drug knowledge, which would create their measures on prevention, watching out, awareness and capability to take care their referral for treatment, treatment and children. following up for and after care/assistance. 213

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The concerned agencies in the area Psychosocial Clinic for the Prisoners and were driven to turn those measures the Drug Offenders in the Court System into action, with the purpose to reduce the impact and harm which might occur from Providing opportunity to the drug the drug patients who had psychiatric offenders who had severe penalty problem. The production of media in and might become criminals and to various forms such as Video Motion reduce recidivism, the Memorandum of Graphic to educate families and Agreement on the Cooperation to Provide communities to tend drug patient. Counselling on Psychosocial to Prisoners The preparation of working flowchart in or Drug Offenders in the Court System the form of Infographic and “The Handbook was signed between Office of the on the Measures for Watching out, Court of Justice, ONCB, Ministry of Public Referral, Treatment and Following up and Health, Ministry of Justice and Office of Aftercare and Assistance to the Drug Thai Health Promotion Foundation. Patients Who Had Psychiatric Problem” The Office of the Court of Justice accepted in the form of E-Book to distribute to the to serve as the core agency in expanding operational officials in the area to make the work. The ONCB served as the focal use of it. point in driving the work of the concerned agencies as well as supporting budget. The 3-Year Narcotics Control Action Plan 2020-2022 Narcotic problem in Thailand has reducing the number of drug dealers/ been placed as the priority issue relating traffickers, drug users and narcotic to security issues that needs to be solved offences repetition in the area. The Action urgently. It was integrated in the National Plan also focused on encouraging the Strategy in the aspect of security issue. involvement of all stakeholders for the The Cabinet at its meeting on 3rd November integration to achieve the objectives, goal 2020 approved the 3-Year Narcotics and vision of the Action Plan that is Control Action Plan 2020-2022 which Thailand is sustainably secured from was designed to be the narcotics control narcotic drugs. framework and the management tool to drive forward the narcotics control action The objectives of the Action Plan and implementation by concerned agencies in order to achieve the ultimate goal are as follows: which is the level of narcotic drug problem in Thailand become under the control 1. To be the guidance in moving to the level that does not affect to the forward for the narcotics control security in life and assets of the people by implementation and reducing the seriousness of the narcotics problem by at least 50% within 3 years as well as reducing the level of 214

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 narcotics problem to be unaffected the end to illicit drug production to the country administration outside the country including to by 2037. intercept illicit precursor and 2. To integrate the narcotics control chemical for not being able to enter policy and plans at every levels the illicit drug production sites, that target to the narcotics control to intercept illicit drug smuggling in accordance with the set goals. along the border, at the check points 3. To be the framework on narcotics on the transportation links and inner control management, operational area, to suppress drug trafficking coordination, resource allocation and at their storages in the country as monitoring for concerned agencies well as to suppress drug trafficking to put the Narcotics Control Action networks/syndicates. To control Plan 2020-2022 into practice with narcotic drugs at the midstream clear and concrete indicators. level through the drug prevention in each target group appropriately, The key conceptual framework of the adjustment of environment to the Action Plan are as follows; suit each target group and go down to the downstream level which drug 1. To use new paradigm shift in solving treatment is provided to drug users narcotic problem which is aimed and drug addicts as well as to at reducing the seriousness of monitor and follow-up after narcotic problem in Thai society to treatment, to provide opportunity reach the final achievement that is and aftercare so that they can “Thai society is safe from narcotic reintegrate into the society and are drugs”. accepted from the society, including the implementation of alternative 2. To solve narcotic problem in holistic measure and development measure manner because narcotic drug for better livelihood and quality of life. relates to other social problems, narcotics control, therefore, needs to 4. To focus on people-centred which be integrated with every dimensions emphasises on people in every which are drug prevention, drug target groups to be safe from law enforcement, drug treatment, narcotic drugs by preventing them international cooperation and from involving with narcotic drugs, management collectively in order trafficking, consumption and building to gain concrete achievement in up safety in health, in consequences building safe society without narcotic to the society, the awareness on drugs. benefits and needs of people in order to respond to and solve 3. To solve narcotic problem starting narcotic drugs problem effectively. from the upstream where illicit drugs are produced through the international cooperation to put 215

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 5. To carry out narcotics control that along the border and to cut down suits the context of drug situation in illicit drug smuggling cycle through the area by setting the strategic and the participation of the communities/ creative guidelines in accordance civil society. to the needs of target groups in the 3. To prevent every target groups to areas that have different context get involved with narcotic drugs by of drug situation. focusing on the drug prevention in the high risk groups as the priority 6. To give the priority to the and the urgent implementation in participatory approach that promotes order to cut down the cycle of new the participation of all concerned faces who are involved with drugs as stakeholders to participate in the much as possible. process of joint thinking, decision 4. To bring drug users, drug addicts to making and solving narcotic drugs undergo appropriate drug treatment in sustainable manner. emphasizing on drug addicts who are at risk to create negative impact 7. To solve narcotics problem by to family, community and society emphasizing on the concrete in order to reduce causing trouble achievement. or crimes in the society. 5. To carry out the aftercare and The 3-Year Narcotics Control prevent the repetition of drug offence Action Plan 2020-2022 focuses on the and drug addiction for those who had participation of concerned stakeholders in undergone drug treatment and order to integrate the implementation who had been released from the on narcotics control which will reduce the imprisonment in drug cases. negative impact of narcotic drug problem 6. To reduce the seriousness of drug in Thai society as well as to create situation in the area by determining the safety in life and reduce the people’ the strategic and creative guideline suffering from narcotic drugs by; in accordance with the different context of drug situation. 1. To cut down the cycle of illicit drug 7. To utilise the appropriate alternative trafficking structure and financial measures such as harm reduction, source of the drug syndicates alternative development, diversion, including to seek the international and decriminalization. cooperation for the joint efforts in 8. To emphasise on the capacity solving the narcotics problem that building in every dimension in affects the illicit drug supply in the response to the changing country. environment which creates impact to drug situation. 2. To build the drug defensive line along the border which is at the high risk area for illicit drug smuggling with drug vigilance system in order to monitor the illicit drug smuggling 216

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The structure of the Action Plan get involved with illicit drugs through the comprises 5 measures and 9 guidelines integrated implementation on intelligence as follows; sharing, technology investigation, financial and digital currency investigation, property 1. Proactive International Cooper- examination and asset forfeiture, ation Measure suppression of narcotic drug storage in the country, suppression of illicit drug in To build up international cooperation the area and illicit drug epidemic in in every dimension with foreign countries villages/communities as well as the and international organizations in order to improvement of justice system and strict put the pressure and the end to the illicit narcotics law enforcement. drug production outside the country through the cooperation on exchanging information/ 3. Drug Prevention Measure intelligence with concerned countries as well as the cooperation on developing the 3.1. To strengthen the villages/ area and livelihood of the people who live communities along the border and to in the border or in the area affected by illicit implement the alternative development. drug production including the cooperation The alternative development is on intercepting the precursors, chemicals, implemented to develop the area and equipment and chemists not being able to communities along the border and special enter into the illicit drug production sites. areas in the inner country area. This is to destroy the drug problem’s structure and 2. Narcotics Law Enforcement to integrate implementation in solving Measure problem related to drugs which help to develop the people’s quality of life in the 2.1. Interception of Illicit Drugs, area in accordance with Royal Initiative Precursors and Chemicals on Self Efficiency with the strategic guidance on Understanding, Access and To intercept the illicit smuggling Development and the Royal Wisdom which and transportation of illicit drugs along the are the framework for solving drug problem border area including to intercept illicit drug as well as reduce the structural problem or smuggling in the inner area of the country related problem to narcotic drug including via land route, waterways, and air routes to create drug prevention volunteers by using technology to support the in villages along the border area. interception at check points, interception points along the transportation routes 3.2. To implement appropriate and in the inner area, border area or the logistic concrete drug prevention in each target transportation system. group. Drug prevention is carried out appropriately to suit each target group 2.2. Suppression of Illicit Drug with concrete programmes that instill the Trafficking Groups appropriate value and knowledge which give the impact to the right thinking and To destroy the illicit drug trafficking structure, influencers and government officials who ignore their duty, corrupt or 217

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 opinion. Drug prevention implementation 5. Integrated Management is classified differently according to the Measure targeted age groups starting from during pregnancy group, childhood at early age, 5.1. To launch special programme/ school age, working age, labor group up to project. In special area, the local level old aged group. mechanism in the area is needed for the implementation in solving 3.3. To adjust the environment for narcotics problem, including the urgent appropriate ecosystem. This is to manage implementation for the issues derived from the area for demand reduction in terms of the government’s policy such as controlling eliminating the negative factors and the use of narcotic crops under the law, increasing the positive factors for each developing guidelines upon using the target group of each age group to be able new alternative measures such as to develop their capacity and not to get decriminalization, legalization of drugs involved with narcotic drugs such as for medical and scientific purposes, family environment, school or workplace implementing plan in special area. environment and village/community environment. 5.2. To implement integrated management in terms of management, 4. Drug Treatment Measure administration and moving narcotics control forward systematically. The integrated To formulate guidelines for drug management is administered by Office of users, drug addicts to access for drug the Narcotics Control Board as the main treatment and for harm reduction or for host in the integration with 9 ministries, negative impact reduction from using drugs. 26 agencies and 2 government agencies The efficient drug addiction screening, which are not under the Office of the Prime appropriate drug treatment including after Minister or ministries, totaling 28 agencies. care, rehabilitation process as well as to mobilise the community participation in The implementation of the Action developing the quality of life of drug addicts Plan into the concrete action will be who had undergone treatment to return monitored by the mechanism at different to live in the community and in developing levels from the national level to the the model in accordance with new local area level. The monitoring at the alternative measures to be more efficient national level will be done by the and consistent with the context of Thai Sub-committees on Narcotics Control society such as harm reduction, case Monitoring under the Narcotics Control diversion. Board and the National Command Centre 218

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 on Narcotics Control or Inspector-General key mechanism to drive and supervise of ministries/departments while at the the implementation of the concerned area level, the monitoring will be agencies that receive the narcotics conducted by the Provincial Command control budget and shall report their Centre on Narcotics Control down to implementation in accordance with the the district and local administration levels. Action Plan to the Office of the Narcotics The Narcotics Control Board is the Control Board. The 50-Year Journey on Sustainable Highland Development: The Royal Project Model The Royal Project is the earliest and the most innovative project initiated by His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The Great in 1969 aiming at addressing the problem on opium poppy cultivation of the hill tribes by the slash-and-burn which causes adverse effect on the environment, resulting in deforestation. For over five decades, a good number of national and international organizations have recognised His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn the achievement of the Royal Project Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua (King Rama X) as the best practice in sustainable highland has made firm commitments to nurture, development. conserve and extend the work of the Royal Project to ensure its continued operation, offering the highland people with a better living while generating positive impact to other countries regionally and globally. A few hundred years ago, the highlands in the North of Thailand were endowed with rich natural resources; some parts of the highlands are the origin of many rivers which are value to agriculture and human livelihoods in the northern and 219

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 central regions of the country. The vast cultivation caused the immense destruction forest area had been cleared for the of the forest, land and soil, and water cultivation by the hill tribes who lived in resources. With the deforested hills, extreme poverty and had the nutritional emerged the problem of landslides status and quality of life much lower than as well as flooding in the lowlands. the acceptable standards. More than The government agencies attempted to 1,600,000 highland inhabitants in solve the problems by entrusting the 20 provinces depended on traditional task of hill tribe development to the Hill farming and agriculture to earn their living. Tribe Welfare and Development Division One crucial problem was the cultivation of of the Public Welfare Department under opium poppy which is considered narcotic the Ministry of Interior. Yet, the various crops under the Thai law and international problems remained unsolved. drug control convention. The opium poppy From 1964 onwards, the late His quality of life of the hill tribe people and the Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The social, economic and environmental Great (Rama IX) and Her Majesty Queen conditions of the hill tribe communities by Sirikit The Queen Mother along with senior using “Alternative Development Approach”, members of the royal family regularly the “Royal Sponsored Hill Tribe Project” visited his subjects in faraway villages in was created by royal initiative in 1969 the North. From his visit to highland hill and later its name was changed to the tribe communities, King Bhumibol had “Royal Project” for the development of learned of the extreme poverty and the hill tribe communities with the ultimate low standard health and literacy status of humanitarianism and national security the hill tribe population whose chief means objects. In 1992, the Royal Project of livelihood, traditional subsistence farming was registered as the “Royal Project and opium poppy cultivation, had created Foundation” to become a legal entity as serious environmental impact and potential a non-profit public organization to facilitate threats to the national security. His Majesty and ensure a sustainable operation. then determined to help improve the 220

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Fifty years of the sustainable His Majesty King BhumibolAdulyadej highland development, the Royal Project The Great graciously gave practical achieved its following objectives which has guidelines for the implementation of the been the evidence-based to the national Alternative Development Approach and international communities: addressing the use of the core principle in the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy 1. To render the hill tribe people as a driving mechanism and the humanitarian help; consideration of his three personal way of working \"understand, access, and 2. To reduce the destruction of natural development” to create the balance of resources specifically forest and all priorities of the highland community watersheds thus benefiting the whole livelihoods. This approach is holistic in country; characteristics evolving with many lessons learned and experiences accumulated 3. To eliminatethe opium poppy for over 50 years and yielding concrete cultivation and; and successful outcomes. The concept of alternative development has been valued 4. To conservethe soil fertility and make as a model applicable and reproducible in not only other highland areas but proper use of land, by letting the also other fields of development in Thailand and beyond. Reputedly, it aligns well forest be where it should, farming on with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals set in 2015 toward land suitable for the purpose, and the target year 2030. preventing the competing use of the same land. In the early years of the operation, the Royal Project has received cooperation from many volunteers officially working in various government agencies and academic institutions including Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kasetsart University, Chiang Mai University, Maejo University, etc. It also received the cooperation and assistance in various forms from foreign countries and international organizations such as USA, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Nations Program for Drug Abuse Control – UNPDAC (UNODC at present). 221

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The King’s Philosophy in alternative selected economic crops and animals based on the results of development approach for the sustainable studies, exploration and research. The early effort of the Royal Project highland development reflected in the after its inception was to identify temperate and semi-temperate zone policies, goals, core activities and methods crops through study, survey, and research for further selection, breed of the Royal Project’s operation. The key improvement, and trials, as well as farm management design. In the conceptual framework for the operation course of 50 years, the Royal Project’s operation has benefited follows the royal way of working as follows: farmers not only those in its operational areas but also those 1. Understand the traditional way of elsewhere with similar climatic and mountainous features to wide extent. life of hill tribe people and highland context. 2. Access the remote highland and His Majesty understood the communities with different ethnic identity traditional way of life of the hill tribe and social settings. population and highland situations. He perceived that His Majesty and the senior members of the royal family visited the local villagers, a) Improper convention farming particularly those in the operational area of practices in the highland ecosystem the Royal Project and were seen meeting which could lead to the degradation with their subjects in the rural setting in of forest and watershed resources, a down-to-earth, charming and friendly would disappear if the hill tribe ways. These gracious manners enhanced farmers got practical technical the spirit of the hill tribe farmers to accept advice and knowledge concerning the substitute crops cultivation up to the the cultural practices in the substitute point that the opium poppy cultivation crops which could give them Hill in Thailand was almost completely tribe farmers would discontinue eliminated. Moreover, the hill tribe villagers opium poppy cultivation, their main highly participated in the development cash crops to other substitute crops activities to elevate the quality of life in if the alternative could generate the highland communities, conserve the them the higher income than opium natural resources and environment basins, poppy cultivation did; as well as to ensure they could turn out b) attractive income from good quality of crops or processing crops into marketable products and if they could make use of forest resources in a non-destructive nature; and c) Quality of life of the hill tribe population could be improved once the hill tribe farmers had an access to knowledge and inputs for the farm production and processing of the 222

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 the quality produce and products. 3. Develop from discerning the In the early years of its operation, problems and the need of the highland the Royal Project got many volunteers from the project participating universities and communities to forming the Royal Project government agencies to visit the hill tribe farmers in their responsible villages to Way. provide farming advice, field demonstration and training relating to crop production The Royal Project Way is and animal husbandry. The villages, characterised by the development efforts understood the volunteers as their appropriate for the prevailing problems “assigned villages to visit”, were those and the highland community context, under the responsibility of volunteers utilizing multi-disciplinary knowledge from the Project Development Centers and resources from the supporting and the Royal Agricultural Stations to government agencies and universities, closely oversee the project activities. These with the participation of hill tribe people Development Centers and Agricultural as the development collaborators. Its Stations are established totaling major components of work are agriculture, 5 Development Centers and 39 Stations infrastructure, education and health, and in various locations in the Royal Project’s environmental conservation. The hill operational area covering 18 provinces in tribe farmers gained more knowledge the North and have the functions and and understanding about practicing the responsibilities to look over the problems environmentally friendly farming systems and the needs of hill tribe villages while building up a greater awareness of and serve as the agents of local the importance of the protection and development in social, economic and rehabilitation of natural resources and the environmental aspects. environment. The alternative development was advised by His Majesty to be taken with the application of principles in the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and the consideration of upstream-to-downstream 223

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 linkage beginning at the upstream level with farming household. With these efforts and research works to arrive at appropriate strategies, the scenes of opium poppy farming systems, moving to the midstream fields, the poverty, slash and burned level at which agricultural extension and cultivation and destructive forest resources occupational promotion programmes are and environment have virtually become meaningful for the hill tribe farmers, and invisible in the northern highlands of progressing toward the downstream Thailand level where marketing management has an important bearing on income of the The Royal Project has undergone implemented according to the royal organizational and operational change initiatives beginning with the land use and development through time particularly planning in each community for the to respond appropriately to the change appropriate introduction of opium poppy in the social and environmental context replacement crops, the reduction of opium of the highland communities. The timeline poppy cultivation area, and the zoning of of the Royal Project Model can be divided forest land. Research and agricultural into four development phases as follows: extension works were undertaken to promote crop and livestock production Phase 1: Inception pioneering for subsistence and some cash income. highland research and development activities. Most of work in this phase were 224

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Phase 2: Moving forward for hill income. Royal Project Development Cen- tribe people to realise a good nutritional ters were established in key villages primar- status, well-being and happiness as ily to oversee the agricultural extension evidence of success. activities involving postharvest, processing and product development. Moreover, in this The second phase focused on phase covered the conservation of natural in-depth study, research and field trials as resources and the environment, and the well as the support and promotion of building of social and community strength opium replacement crops and livestock in the highlands. production for household consumption and Phase 3: Reinforcing the Royal and property measures. Infrastructure was Project Model to become an alternative built including roads, electricity supply, and development prototype for application mountainous water supply system. elsewhere in Thailand and beyond. The community strength was built from villagers’ cooperation in national resources The third phase advanced to build conservation. Besides, the market and a balance of economic, social and marketing management were developed environmental priorities. In the economic to help increase the value of products from sphere, attention was placed on income the Royal Project’s area. The holistic generation from growing other cash development is the goal of the Royal crops while the social sphere, the public Project to “help the hill tribe people, services were provided in terms of help us, and help the world”. education, public health, and security in life 225

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Phase 4: Continuing preserving and assistance in the forms of training the local building upon the Royal Project Model. extension workers and farmers as well as His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn consultation services upon the request of Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua (Rama X) has recipient countries including the exchange expressed his royal support to continue, of R & D experiences. This international preserve and build upon the Royal Project cooperation has helped improve the quality activities for the development of the of life in the local communities and highland areas in Thailand toward the strengthen the international efforts toward international standards of the alternative sustainable development. development approach, which is a development for reaching at the 17 UN The key steps of the Royal Project Sustainable Development Goals. The Royal Model comprises research and study to Project has demonstrated its ability to identify the kinds of alternative plants and drive the development toward all these livestock for hill tribe farmers to cultivate goals by 2030 and thus becomes and raise their income; to conduct the a best practice model for other to follow in agricultural product processing and Thailand and elsewhere in the world. marketing; to preserve forest and The Royal Project Model for highland environment; to conduct post-harvest community development and opium poppy management to reduce output loss; to replacement cultivation was introduced promote the multi-party participatory holistic by UNODC in Udomxai Province in alternative development approach; to Lao PDR, Shan State in Myanmar as well conduct economic development for income as in Columbia and Peru. Bhutan and generation; to conduct social development Afghanistan also learned the experiences through provision of education, public of the Royal Project. It has provided health, community self-reliance, learning of the Royal Project’s experience. 226

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The Royal Project Model has In parallel with the fair in December gained the recognition wide and far 2019, the significant event was the for its effectiveness in solving the organization of the International multi-dimensional problems in the northern Conference on Rising to the Challenge of highlands as well as in application Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) elsewhere. On 15th October 2005, the through Sustainable Development: The Cabinet passed the Royal Decree on Royal Project Model on 22-24 December Establishment of the Highland Research 2019 at the Royal Park Rajapruek, and Development Institute (Public Chiang Mai. The International Conference Organization). The HRDI is responsible was intended to provide a platform for implementing the development of for sharing to other organizations, both new processes and mechanisms to internally and internationally, successful support and strengthen the Royal Project’s endeavor, knowledge and experience of research and development activities. the Royal Project on promotion of illicit crop The focus of HRDI lies on sustainable replacement and support a holistic social and economic development in Thai approach for sustainable highland highland working beyond the existing development. Her Royal Highness operating areas of the Royal Project. Princess Bajrakitiyabha Narendira The HRDI works hand in hand with the Debyavati Kromluangrajasarinisiribajra Royal Project Foundation for the highland Mahavajrarajadhita graciously opened development endeavor and the address the Conference on 22nd December 2019 of the principles of the Sufficiency Economy and visited the exhibition on the 50th and the well-honored royal concept Anniversary of the Royal Project to of “understand, access, and develop.” commemorate the benevolence of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej Since the Royal Project Model The Great’s profound wisdom and has been recognised as the prototype graciousness in bestowing the Royal of best practice and sustainable alternative Project for the benefit and happiness of development endeavor for duplication the Thai highland people. Participants and application elsewhere, in 2019 the attending the meeting were those who have Royal Project Foundation and HRDI worked on alternative development, celebrated the 50th anniversary of those who were experts on alternative the Royal Project by organizing the development and those who were Royal Project Fair in Bangkok on 9-18 interested in alternative development work August 2019 and in Chiang Mai on 19-24 from foreign countries, UNODC and within December 2019. The events were to Thailand. ASEAN Member States were publicise the work of the Royal Project invited to participate in the Conference; Foundation throughout 50 years and to participants from Lao PDR and Myanmar promote products of the Royal Project, joined the panel of discussion. Doi Kham brand which was set up in 1994 to buy products from the Royal Project. 227

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 In addition to the Conference, Development Center represented the field visit to the Royal Project and environment aspect, and Pang Dang Nai the HRDI operation areas was organised Highland Development Project Using in 3 routes in Chiang Mai to demonstrate the Royal Project System represented the achieved sustainable solution through social aspect. After the field visit, each the holistic approach in economic, group of the field visit presented their environment and social dimensions which learning and reflection from the field visit were Mae Hae Royal Project Development in Group Presentation and Open Center represented economic aspect, Discussion. Pa Miang and Teen Tok Royal Project Panel Discussion by Experienced Highland Field visit at Mae Hae Development Center Development Practitioners 228

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Following the said International 63rd session of the Commission on Conference, the Royal Project Alternative Narcotic Drug (CND) during 2-6 March Development Model should be Thailand’s 2020 at the Vienna International Centre in showcase to share knowledge and Vienna, Austria. experience on successful endeavor, lesson learned, good practice for sustainable The opening of the exhibition to highland development with international commemorate the 50th Anniversary of community, therefore, it was timely the Royal Project and to demonstrate the considered on the occasion of the Royal remarkable story of its success was on Project Foundation’s 50th Anniversary to 2nd March 2020 by H.E. General Kampanat share the Royal Project Model to reach Ruddit, Privy Councilor and Chairman of a wider audience at national and the Executive Board of the Royal Project international levels, the side event and Foundation together with Ms. Ghada Waly, exhibition on Thailand’s 50-Year Journey Executive Director of UNODC who on Alternative Development towards delivered the welcoming address. Sustainable Development: The Royal All delegations attending the CND were Project Model were organised at the invited to join the opening and visit the exhibition. H.E. General KampanatRuddit, Privy Ms. Ghada Waly, Executive Director of Councilor and Chairman of the Executive UNODC Board of the Royal Project Foundation 229

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The side event was also organised Foundation Executive Board. The panelists on 2nd March 2020 at 2.10-3.00 p.m. comprised Mr. Jorge Eduardo Rios, with the panel discussion on the 50-year Chief of UNODC Sustainable Livelihood achievement on alternative development, Unit; Mr. Troels Vester, UNODC to highlight the Royal Project Country Manager in Myanmar; Ms. Supan Foundation’s holistic approach to Booranatet, a representative of farming alternative development and to showcase community of Nan Province who described some of the Royal Project’s success, how the Royal Project Model helped lesson learned and best practices. The side her community to overcome the social, event was chaired by H.E. General economic, environmental and health Kampanat Ruddit, Privy Councilor and problems. Chairman of the Royal Project 230

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 The Royal Project established Development Centers can function as the Royal Project Learning Institute for specialised learning centres for agricultural Sustainable Alternative Development with technicians, academics, school children, its function to provide technical, research college students, interested individuals and educational services in various and farmers to visit and get knowledge. forms for agriculture-related professionals, Each year more than 500,000 visitors development workers, academics, and came to learn about sustainable highland organizational administrators to learn development in all dimensions as they and apply the knowledge about the best believe the knowledge and best practice practice and successful development they learned will be applicable elsewhere works. The development activities in Thailand and foreign countries. implemented by the Royal Project The Royal Project Approach, therefore, Development Centers are practical, can contribute to the achievements of the effective and contribute to the highland SDGs. development. The total 39 Royal Project 231

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 It is vital to note that the holistic and Source: integrated efforts and the “understand, ac- cess, and develop” principle in fostering the  The Royal Project Foundation practice according to the Sufficiency Econ-  The Highland Research and omy Philosophy are considered the key success factors for the operation of the Development Institute Royal Project. The problem associated (Public Organization) – HRDI with narcotic drugs have been solved suc-  Office of the Narcotics Control Board cessfully due to the visionary thinking of His  United Nations Office on Drugs and Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The Crime (UNODC) Great focusing on the peaceful conflict res- Credit Photo: olution by participatory and holistic develop- ment approach. The Royal Project’s suc-  The Royal Project Foundation cess has gained recognition worldwide.  The Highland Research and UNODC removed Thailand from the list of significant opium poppy cultivation country Development Institute in 2003. (Public Organization) – HRDI  Office of the Narcotics Control Board  United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 232

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Policy and Programme Implementation Viet Nam National Drug Control Programme (2017-2020) When the National Drug Control In the fight against drug addicts, Programme in period 2017-2020 was the functional forces have set the three promulgated on 07th April 2017, the most important tasks – cutting the Vietnamese Government, the National drug supply, drug demand and drug Committee for AIDS, Drugs and Prostitution harm reduction. According to national drug prevention, the Ministries and branches report, the number of drug addicts has had issued directives, resolutions, action increased some 5 per cent year-on-year. plans to implement this Programme On average, each year we have detected from central to local levels. However, more than 20,000 drug trafficking cases the drug crimes and addiction has been and arrested some 30,000 drug traffickers. rather complicated. New measures to be applied in In the four years under review, the fight against drug trafficking/addiction anti-drug forces nationwide have tackled 81,419 drug trafficking cases, arrested The counter-narcotics forces believe 124,167 criminals and seised about that if everyone supports for the whole 20.4 tons of different kinds of drugs. In that political system, we can control drug period, 162,225 drug addicts have been trafficking/addiction. In reality, drug crime treated with methadone in rehabilitation is an economic crime. So, the authorities centres, an increase of more than need to apply economic tools to fight 10 per cent compared to the previous five against this kind of crime in which years. the promulgation of a legal document on confiscation of property related to drug The National Drug Control Plan laid crimes is particularly important. down seven groups of targets - yet only five targets have been achieved. These five The Authorities now are submitting targets relate to mass communication, to the Government for approval the detection, handling crimes and reduction National Drug Control programme for of planting poppy acreage. However, the 2021-2025. This plan will play an important targets of reducing the number of drug role in the fight against drug trafficking/ addicts and communes/towns with addicts addiction in the upcoming five years. have not been achieved. Furthermore, this National Drug Control Plan is one of the most critical tool to make sure that Instruction 36 of the Viet Nam 233

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 government which was released on August 16th, 2019, will be a driving force to ensure total success in the fight against drugs in Viet Nam. 234

ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 ANNEX 235



ASEAN DRUG MONITORING REPORT 2020 Cambodia Drugs and Packaging Profiling Signature of Drugs (Logos and Symbol on drugs) 237