FOOD & AGRICULTURAL OVERVIEW 2022

Maize grain 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states This grain is of utmost importance in the Mexican diet; hence, it is the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) grain that is cultivated the most and (tonnes) 2019-2020 it has a presence in all of the states AVERAGE National total 27,424,528 0.7 of the country. The average annual 24,817 6,298,369 -2.2 growth rate over the past 10 years was 1 Sinaloa Northwest 3,943,009 3.3 5%. In 2020, a historical record was 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2,062,602 6.0 registered in its production, reaching 2 Jalisco Center-West 1,796,425 -3.7 27.425 million tonnes, which meant 1,767,544 2.6 0.7% more than in 2019. 3 Michoacán Center-West 9.8 1,419,309 15.9 Annual per capita 4 Mexico Center 1,290,602 0.2 consumption 5 Guanajuato Center-West 1,257,883 -12.2 1,244,356 2.2 331.9 kg 17,635 6 Guerrero Center 1,049,011 -0.7 22,069 5,295,417 22,664 7 Veracruz South-Southeast 23,273 24,694 8 Chiapas South-Southeast 28,251 27,762 27,169 27,228 27,425 9 Chihuahua Northeast 10 Puebla Center Others Percentage of the production value by state The average rural price in Sinaloa was MXN 3,700 per tonne, while its production reached 6.3 million tonnes. This allowed the state to achieve revenues of 23.302 billion MXN. Sinaloa 20.3 Jalisco 15.1 Michoacán 8.0 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of grains Surface Volume Value Yield Average 89.1% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 27,425 114,911 3.8 / tonne 7,472 316 7,156 4,190 Variations (%) Annual 4.4 -32.4 7.0 0.7 8.2 -5.8 7.4 2019-2020 AAGR -0.4 -17.0 1.8 5.0 5.3 3.1 0.3 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Mexico obtains the highest volume during the spring-summer cycle, so six out of every ten tonnes are collected from November to January. January February March April May June July August September October November December 17.0 3.6 0.9 1.8 9.5 13.3 5.3 1.3 0.7 3.8 17.9 24.9 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 100

World Ranking Of the grains grown in the world, maize has the second largest area sown; that of Mexico 8th represents 3.4% of the world’s total. Maize grain world producer Mexico U.S. agriculture has specialized in the cultivation of this grain, which allows it to 27,424,528 obtain the highest volume in the world. This level of production influences the behavior of tonnes the markets of a vast number of countries. 2020 Foreign trade Zea mays L. The magnitude of the maize consumption in Mexico drives a significant acquisition of yellow corn from abroad. However, the national specialization in the cultivation of white corn, the availability due to productive seasonality and the quality that the harvest has, cause significant quantities of maize to be exported. Commercial origin-destination Description The plant is robust, with a simple stem that can reach 4 meters in height. It has no During 2020, the imports came mainly from the United States and Brazil, branches or internodes, but it does have a spongy core. It presents separate male and with 14.7 and 1.3 million tonnes, respectively. On the other hand, Venezuela, female inflorescences on the same plant. The first one has a yellow colored panicle Guatemala and El Salvador stand out as the main destinations for Mexican that has a very high amount of pollen; the female inflorescence has a lower content exports with 633,000, 91,000 and 67,000 tonnes, respectively. of pollen grains and from them structures called spadices or cobs are formed. In each flower there are three stamens where pollen develops. Main buyer Supplier • France Product 139,447,917* Maize has the advantage that it is the only cereal that can be used as • Venezuela (Mexican imports) food at any stage of the plant’s development. The grains form a cob * USD • United States and it is a flattened karyotype. The pericarp constitutes about 5 • Brazil to 6% of total grain weight. Its high carbohydrate and protein content make it the ideal everyday cereal. Buyers Importers and Exporters Japan and Mexico are the nations (Mexican exports) • United States that make the largest imports in the • France international market. • Guatemala • Honduras • El Salvador • United • United Kingdom States • Canada • Kenya • United • Zimbabwe Arab • Costa Rica Emirates Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 2,938 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 15,963,180 979,613 -14,983,567 2,738 2,857 2,782 2,782 2,652 2,620 2,384 Volume -0.7 22.7 tonnes 2,058 2,122 Value million USD 225 -2,557 -2.6 19.0 1,724 Increase Decrease 402.9 394.6 202.4 204.2 199.7 189.3 225.3 Benefits Corn silk tea is one of the most effective 178.5 137.3 remedies for kidney failure and is also used to treat kidney stones. 12.4 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Imports Exports 101 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 2011 Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.9 7.2 8.1 8.8 8.6 8.6 9.4 9.6 8.3 8.4 8.3 7.8 10.2 10.4 3.6 8.3 9.8 16.1 8.3 0.2 11.9 8.2 8.5 4.5

Mango 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, mango plantations occupied an area of 204,600 (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) hectares; 94.5% of this area (tonnes) 2019-2020 recorded some level of production. AVERAGE National total 2,085,751 -0.2 The harvest reached 2.086 million 1,772 3.1 tonnes, which represented 17.7% 1 Sinaloa Northwest 410,147 1.2 more than the average of the last 10 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 395,477 -5.4 years, but 0.2% less than in 2019. 2 Guerrero Center 304,619 0.8 270,644 -0.5 Annual per capita 3 Nayarit Northwest 207,710 5.4 consumption 170,580 -3.5 4 Chiapas South-Southeast -3.3 5 Oaxaca South-Southeast 110,917 2.7 96,490 -26.4 6 Michoacán Center-West 59,082 4.3 23,853 1,537 7 Jalisco Center-West 36,233 1,465 1,604 8 Veracruz South-Southeast 1,452 1,776 1,888 1,958 1,867 2,089 2,086 9 Colima Center-West 10 Campeche South-Southeast Others Percentage of the production value by state A quarter of the production value is generated in Guerrero. In 2020, it contributed MXN 2.642 billion and obtained 19% of the total national production. Sinaloa 23.4 12.7 kg Guerrero Chiapas 24.5 13.4 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 8.7% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 2,086 10,780 10.8 / tonne 205 N/A 193 5,169 Variations (%) Annual -0.7 N/A -0.1 -0.2 18.4 0.0 18.5 2019-2020 2.4 7.7 AAGR 1.1 N/A 1.1 3.5 11.5 2011-2020 Decrease Does not apply Increase National monthly production (%) The harvest begins during the hottest season of the year. This means that eight out of every ten tonnes are collected between April and August. January February March April May June July August September October November December 2.3 5.9 6.5 10.8 15.1 22.5 19.3 13.2 3.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 102

World Ranking 4th In the last five years, an accelerated increase Mango world in the annual mango harvest has arisen in the producer Mexico producer countries of the fruit, a situation to which Mexico contributes. 2,085,751 Four out of every ten mangoes harvested in the tonnes world are of Indian origin. 2020 Foreign trade The growing production makes it possible to increase surpluses for international trading. Although the fresh presentation is the most important, the sale of dried and frozen fruit represents great opportunities for the market participants. Commercial origin-destination Mangifera indica L. This tropical fruit was sold in 45 countries during 2020, the largest number of destinations so far. Of the volume sold abroad, purchases from the United States Description and Canada stand out with 405,509 and 47,108 tonnes, respectively. It is an evergreen tropical tree species, which can reach between 10 and 40 meters high (the grafted specimens are smaller). Its root system is quite particular: when the plant is young, it deepens rapidly, but has very few lateral roots. The highest Main buyer Supplier • Switzerland percentage of mango roots is concentrated at 1.20 meters deep. 351,225,467* • Pakistan • United States (Mexican imports) • Italy Product • Germany It is a succulent, fleshy fruit with a kidney or oval shape. Greenish, * USD • Thailand • Israel yellowish or reddish in color, it is very sweet and encloses a large, • Peru flattened seed surrounded by a woody cover. There are spherical Buyers • Ecuador • United States and flattened varieties, like the Manila mango which is one of (Mexican exports) • France the most appreciated; its sugar content reaches 20%. • Canada • Germany Importers and Exporters The United States is the • Japan • Switzerland main importer of mango • Spain • United • United States • Belgium in the world. Of the volume • Netherlands Kingdom • Canada • Peru that this country imports, 64% • France • Chile • France • Italy originates in Mexico; of that trade • Australia • Germany • Israel flow, 5.2% corresponds to organic • Switzerland • Colombia production. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 435 409 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 388 1,378 375 Volume 3.1 468,420 467,042 -54.3 4.0 343 350 tonnes 435 432 -63.8 6.2 230 Value 214 million USD Increase Decrease 192 160 2.9 5.8 5.6 4.0 5.1 5.5 7.0 8.5 8.6 Benefits 3.1 Mango has excellent levels of vitamin 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 A, which reduces the incidence of 2019 2020 cataracts and other eye diseases. Imports Exports 103 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11.0 17.9 7.0 8.6 3.7 5.0 1.4 1.6 2.4 3.5 12.7 25.2 0.8 2.5 7.0 8.7 14.7 19.9 16.1 17.9 8.7 2.1 0.8 0.8

Apple 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, the production decreased by 6.2% compared to the previous (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) year, mainly due to a decrease in (tonnes) 2019-2020 yields. However, when compared AVERAGE National total -6.2 with the average of the last 10 years, 690 714,203 -4.8 the volume obtained was higher by 1 Chihuahua Northeast 594,711 -6.3 3.5%. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 44,748 -1.4 2 Coahuila Northeast 34,454 -0.4 Annual per capita -67.1 consumption 3 Puebla Center 9,206 2.5 7,085 7.9 7.6 kg 4 Veracruz South-Southeast 4,037 -0.4 5 Durango Northeast 3,447 -2.0 3,110 18.5 6 Zacatecas Northeast 3,074 0.2 2,635 7 Chiapas South-Southeast 7,696 631 8 Nuevo León Northeast 375 859 717 750 717 714 659 761 714 9 Hidalgo Center 10 Sonora Northwest Others Percentage of the production value by state Chihuahua The production of Chihuahua 85.6 was 595,000 tonnes, obtaining a revenue from its sale of MXN Coahuila 5.568 billion, a figure that 6.7 represented 85.6% of the value of the national production. Puebla 2.4 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 3.0% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 714 6,506 12.6 / tonne 60 N/A 57 9,110 Variations (%) Annual 4.5 N/A 7.0 -6.2 -22.6 -12.4 -17.4 2019-2020 -0.2 N/A -0.03 1.4 7.0 8.5 1.4 AAGR Does not apply 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Chihuahua determines the seasonality of production in Mexico, with most of the harvests occurring from August to October. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 20.8 63.7 13.4 0.2 0.1 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 104

World Ranking 18th The area used for apple cultivation worldwide Apple world covered just over 4.7 million hectares, of which 1.1% producer Mexico are located in Mexico. 714,203 China produces 48.6% of the world's total apple production. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Mexico continues to register a significant volume of imports (253,934 tonnes in 2020), even though it has managed to establish a sown area similar to the historical maximum of the last decade. Commercial origin-destination Malus domestica Among the top apple-exporting nations, the United States ranks third. Its Description geographical proximity and the high demand of the Mexican market makes It is characterized by being deciduous, although it can sometimes be evergreen. Mexico its main commercial buyer. It is estimated that one-third of the foreign The tree is between 1.5 and 7 meters high. It has oval, elliptical, lanceolate, oblong, U.S. sales are acquired by Mexico. lobed or serrated leaves. The flowers are white, pink or red. Main buyer Supplier • Italy Product 1,236,403* • South Africa It is a firm, fleshy fruit which grows from the flower receptacle. It differs • Belize (Mexican imports) • Germany in color, size and flavor depending on the variety. The skin color ranges • France * USD • United States • Argentina from light green to very dark red. • Chile In terms of size, it can be just slightly larger than a cherry or Buyers • China • Canada almost as large as a grapefruit. (Mexican exports) • New Zealand Germany is the largest • United • United Importers and Exporters importer in the world with Emirates Arab an average annual volume • Chile Emirates • United States • Canada of 674,000 tonnes. Italy, the • Honduras • Canada • Chile Netherlands and Poland are its main suppliers. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 308 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 263 259 264 260 253,934 245 248 Volume 993 -252,941 -0.8 -7.7 227 tonnes 227 216 1.6 -225 -12.7 10.4 Value 187 million USD Increase Decrease 0.743 0.711 0.967 0.823 0.681 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.6 Benefits Apple consumption can prevent the 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 formation of cholesterol-induced gallstones. Imports Exports 105 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.6 9.4 10.9 8.0 8.4 11.1 10.6 8.1 4.5 5.0 6.3 7.1 15.8 6.6 7.4 8.3 5.4 6.5 4.0 6.3 5.0 14.9 8.5 11.3

Cantaloupe 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states The growing demand in the last 10 years has led to an average (thousand tonnes) State Volume Variation (%) annual growth rate of 1.1%. However, (tonnes) 2019-2020 production suffered a fall of 2.3% in AVERAGE Rank Region -2.3 2020 compared to 2019, resulting 581 612,940 -2.7 from a 4% decrease in the area National total 149,797 2.7 sown. 127,449 2.5 1 Coahuila Northeast 105,533 5.7 Annual per capita -12.1 consumption 2 Sonora Northwest 91,292 -0.7 51,132 -28.3 3 Guerrero Center 24,874 -1.9 22,993 21.7 4 Michoacán Center-West 17,548 -33.6 5 Durango Northeast 5,055 -19.1 4,047 6 Colima Center-West 13,220 556 7 Chihuahua Northeast 574 562 8 Oaxaca South-Southeast 527 562 594 605 595 627 613 9 Nayarit Northwest 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 10 Jalisco Center-West Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 23.5 Coahuila Sonora is the leader in 19.8 production. During 2020, it achieved a volume of 127,000 tonnes and revenues of 719 million MXN for its sale. 4.1 kg Guerrero 21.4 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 2.6% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 613 3,062 32.1 / tonne 19 0.1 19 4,995 Variations (%) Annual -4.0 -52.4 -3.6 -2.3 0.2 1.4 2.5 2019-2020 -1.1 -19.5 -0.8 1.1 6.4 1.9 5.2 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Being a short cycle crop, they are available all year round, with lower volumes from October to December. January February March April May June July August September October November December 6.9 7.0 15.8 8.0 9.3 10.4 9.7 9.9 10.1 4.9 4.8 3.2 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 106

World Ranking 10th Mexico obtained a lower yield by 25 tonnes than Cantaloupe world that registered by Cyprus, a nation considered producer Mexico to have the highest productivity per unit of harvested area. 612,940 Among the cantaloupe producer nations, China tonnes obtains the most significant volume, although it does not appear in international trade flows. 2020 Foreign trade For the second year in a row, the world's trade flows shrunk; the propensity of high-income nations to consume tropical fruits and berries determined this reduction. Mexico, the world leader in exports, was no stranger to the effects of this trend. Commercial origin-destination Cucumis melo L. Although the foreign market was adverse for Mexican exports during 2020, there was a rebound in the number of destination countries, reaching 11. The United States, Description Japan and Hong Kong are regular customers, but American purchases stand out with It is a herbaceous creeping or vining plant. It has a very branched and rapidly 98,000 tonnes and Japanese ones with 5,000. developing root system. Its main stem is covered by hairy formations and presents nodes in which leaves, tendrils and flowers develop, from which new stems Main buyer Supplier sprout. Its leaves are orbicular, ovate, reniform or pentagonal, divided into 3 to 7 24,820,086* lobes with serrated edges, and hairy on the underside. Its flower is yellow. The • United States (Mexican imports) • United States bark is green, yellow or white. It can be smooth, reticulated or striated. * USD Importers and Exporters Product Buyers • United States It can be from small to very large, round or oval, since there are (Mexican exports) many varieties. The pulp can be white, yellow or orange. The placenta contains the seeds and is gelatinous or watery depending on its consistency. • Japan • Netherlands • United • Cuba Kingdom • United There are six nations that lead cantaloupe imports • Germany Arab in the world. Among these, the United States has • Canada Emirates acquisitions that exceed 500,000 tonnes. • Hong Kong • Spain • Chile Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 45.6 46.2 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 14,149 43.5 5.7 40.9 41.1 Volume tonnes 38.9 103,651 89,502 -47.8 -3.5 35.2 Value million USD 26.4 20.6 -42.0 -10.6 31.2 Decrease 29.5 26.4 11.7 11.8 10.7 12.2 8.4 9.8 6.3 6.1 6.8 5.7 Benefits In addition to having diuretic 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 properties, cantaloupes can help fight constipation. Imports Exports 107 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 14.8 43.9 31.2 8.5 0.1 0.0 4.6 4.3 6.0 6.0 19.3 12.7 1.0 0.2 0.2 16.0 22.2 7.5

Orange 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states This is one of the fruits with the highest production volume in the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) country. In 2020, 4.649 million (tonnes) 2019-2020 tonnes were harvested, a figure AVERAGE that was 1.9% lower than the 4,456 National total 4,648,620 -1.9 previous year as a result of a lower utilized area and lower yields. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 2,361,612 -5.0 616,638 20.8 Annual per capita 2 Tamaulipas Northeast consumption 3 San Luis Potosí Center-West 373,027 0.8 36.1 kg 4 Nuevo León Northeast 339,138 -7.1 5 Puebla Center 281,057 -1.9 6 Sonora Northwest 157,908 -10.0 4,080 7 Yucatán South-Southeast 142,362 -14.9 3,667 4,410 8 Tabasco South-Southeast 95,067 0.1 4,533 4,516 4,603 4,630 4,738 4,737 4,649 9 Hidalgo Center 71,863 5.2 10 Oaxaca South-Southeast 53,986 -1.8 Others 155,962 -0.4 Percentage of the production value by state Nuevo León The commercialization of 2.4 10.0 million tonnes of orange in Veracruz generated revenues Tamaulipas of MXN 6,394 million, which 15.4 represented 45.8% of the total national production value. Veracruz 45.8 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 19.4% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 4,649 13,975 14.2 / tonne 343 N/A 328 3,006 Variations (%) Annual 0.2 N/A -0.5 -1.9 47.7 -1.3 50.5 2019-2020 AAGR 0.3 N/A -0.1 1.5 10.0 1.5 8.5 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) There is availability of this fruit in Mexico throughout the year. However, the highest prices are observed during the third quarter when the lowest volumes are recorded. January February March April May June July August September October November December 9.2 10.7 15.9 12.8 10.2 8.8 4.1 3.2 3.1 6.1 8.9 7.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 108

World Ranking 5th Of the new area established with orange trees Orange world in the world, China accounts for the largest producer Mexico share. Mexico maintains its plantations at historic levels. 4,648,620 World orange production recorded an all-time tonnes high harvest of 78.7 million tonnes. Brazil was the country that contributed the most to it with 21.7%. 2020 Foreign trade Citrus sinensis L. The volume exported of this fruit during 2020 registered an annual increase of Description 11%. On the other hand, the traded volumes of juice showed a decline of 27.4%. This tree belongs to the rutaceae family. It reaches up to 10 meters high and has a The lower purchase of this liquid by the United States was the result of a higher rounded top. It has slightly thorny stems and leathery, elliptical, sharp leaves; while domestic production, which also contributed to the rebound observed in Mexican the petiole is provided with narrow wings. The tree also has highly scented white imports. flowers with 5 petals and numerous stamens. Commercial origin-destination The commercial trade that Mexico maintains with other countries generated a flow of 101,000 tonnes. Almost all of this trade was carried out with the United States. During 2020, domestic exports were made with 19 nations, while imports came from 7 countries. Main buyer Supplier Product 24,431,469* • United States (Mexican imports) The fruit consists of several carpels or segments that are easy to * USD • United States • China separate. They contain a red to orange juicy and succulent pulp. It • France • Germany Worldwide, Spain has several seeds and numerous juicy cells, covered by makes the largest an orange coriaceous exocarp, flavedo or peel, whose • Colombia • Brazil exports of orange, which interior is white, with numerous glands full of essential Buyers • United Kingdom oils. (Mexican exports) it mostly sells to European • Japan • Honduras Importers and Exporters countries. Brazil is the leading • Netherlands • Uruguay • Guatemala • Nicaragua • United States • China exporter of juice; in this same • Canada • Trinidad • United Kingdom • United and Tobago category, Mexico occupies the sixth Kingdom • Puerto Rico place. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 30.4 29.3 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 30,655 28.1 28.5 15.1 Volume 70,089 39,434 -0.9 11.0 tonnes 19.6 19.5 29.3 14.2 6.9 2.9 Value 17.7 million USD Increase Decrease 15.1 14.1 12.0 10.5 10.7 9.5 8.3 8.4 8.4 7.7 6.9 5.0 5.9 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Eating an orange after eating high- fat foods helps reduce the risk of Imports Exports hardening of the arteries and heart attacks. In turn, the consumption of oranges helps relieve diverticulitis. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.1 8.3 10.5 11.1 7.4 9.3 10.3 10.4 7.4 4.7 5.3 7.2 10.6 12.8 15.3 11.3 15.4 8.4 2.0 1.2 2.4 3.6 6.1 10.9 109 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Nopal 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, a production of 863,000 tonnes was obtained, a figure (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) 3.3% lower than that registered in (tonnes) 2019-2020 2019. This was a consequence of a AVERAGE combined decrease in the sown 831 National total 862,733 -3.3 area (-1.4%) and yield (-2.9%). 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Morelos Center 404,764 3.1 Annual per capita 209,539 -8.0 consumption 2 Mexico City Center 3 Mexico Center 84,647 -8.0 4 Puebla Center 31,770 3.0 28,657 13.0 5 Michoacán Center-West 6 Jalisco Center-West 22,789 -36.5 7 Aguascalientes Center-West 21,069 -1.9 777 8 Zacatecas Northeast 11,919 2.1 857 787 825 813 811 829 853 892 863 9 Tamaulipas Northeast 11,658 3.6 10 Baja California Northwest 9,664 -29.3 Others 26,257 -10.4 Percentage of the production value by state Morelos is the leading state for its 31.6% contribution to the total national production value. The municipality of Tlalnepantla contributes 73.4% of the production value and 72.6% of the total volume of the state. Mexico City 28.5 6.3 kg Estado de México Morelos 9.4 31.6 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of vegetables Surface Volume Value Yield Average Tonnes rural price 5.4% Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 863 2,125 69.2 / tonne 13 N/A 12 2,463 Variations (%) Annual -1.4 N/A -0.4 -3.3 -12.4 -2.9 -9.4 2019-2020 -0.02 N/A 0.3 1.2 4.0 5.2 0.9 AAGR Does not apply 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) There is year-round availability, but more than half of the production is collected from March to June. January February March April May June July August September October November December 2.4 8.7 10.1 18.5 14.0 10.5 8.0 7.0 5.6 5.8 5.6 3.8 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 110

Nopal 2020 Foreign trade Opuntia spp. The fall in the country's harvested volume did not limit the availability for the Description continuity of the international trade, which registered an annual increase of 3.7%. Nopales come from the biggest family of cacti: opuntia. They are characterized by The foreign exchange obtained from the sale of nopal amounted to USD 21.118 their flat stems or paddles, which are covered with small groupings of rigid hairs million. called glochids and, usually, also thorns. Commercial origin-destination Product National exports are mainly destined for the United States. In 2020, 55,029 tonnes Nopales are the tender shoots or paddles which are 10 to 15 cm long, were traded. The sales to the U.S. market focus on satisfying the demand of fleshy, green and flattened. They are consumed as a vegetable. Fresh Mexican expats. nopal is high in zinc, phosphorus, calcium and fiber; it also provides Main buyer vitamin C and is considered beneficial for the treatment of 20,898,271* various ailments. • United States * USD Buyers Most of the Mexican exports involve two kinds of presentations: fresh nopales and (Mexican exports) those preserved in vinegar or acetic acid. China sells various products derived from • South Korea • Saudi nopal. • Netherlands Arabia • Malaysia • Belgium • Germany • Canada • Japan • United • Czech Arab Republic Emirates Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 21.1 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0 19.3 Volume 0 57,154 55,139 N/A 3.7 18.6 tonnes 16.0 Value 21.1 18.6 N/A 13.4 million USD 14.0 12.7 N/A: Does not apply Increase 9.5 9.4 8.0 4.1 0 0 0 00 0 NS NS 0 0 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Nopales can reduce blood glucose and Imports low-density lipids levels, decreasing Exports the amount of bad cholesterol. NS: Not significant Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 8.9 11.7 7.8 7.1 9.0 7.1 8.1 7.8 8.3 8.7 8.4 111 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Nuts 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In the last 10 years there has been a positive trend in production, with (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) an average annual growth rate of (tonnes) 2019-2020 6.1%. However, in 2020, compared AVERAGE National total -3.9 to 2019, a fall of 3.9% was observed. 135 164,652 -0.5 This was a result of a 9.8% decrease 1 Chihuahua Northeast 102,061 -22.6 in its yields. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 24,054 2.6 2 Sonora Northwest -20.3 Annual per capita 18,917 57.6 consumption 3 Coahuila Northeast 7,595 3.4 4,654 2.0 4 Durango Northeast 3,178 39.5 5 Nuevo León Northeast 6.5 873 1.5 6 Hidalgo Center 836 9.5 568 7 Puebla Center 419 1,497 96 111 107 123 142 147 160 171 165 8 San Luis Potosí Center-West 126 9 Aguascalientes Center-West 10 Oaxaca South-Southeast Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora Chihuahua 17.0 61.1 Coahuila The production of Chihuahua was 12.4 102,000 tonnes, from which MXN 7.329 billion were obtained. This figure represented 61.1% of the total national production value. 936 g Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 0.7% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 165 11,992 1.5 / tonne 145 N/A 109 72,836 Variations (%) Annual 2.2 N/A 6.6 -3.9 -4.7 -9.8 -0.8 2019-2020 4.6 N/A 5.4 6.1 7.9 0.7 1.7 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) Practically all the volumes produced in Mexico are obtained in the last quarter of the year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 18.4 47.3 32.9 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 112

World Ranking 4th The area used for this crop worldwide Nuts world is 1.3 million hectares. The national area producer Mexico represented the fourth largest in extension and corresponded only to pecan nut. 164,652 China is the largest producer of nuts in the tonnes world, its main harvest corresponds to walnuts. 2020 Foreign trade Carya illinoinensis Mexico and the United States lead the world's pecan nut production. In the border region they share, a commercial flow takes place both ways: our country sells a significant flow of shelled nuts and imports whole nuts. Commercial origin-destination Description It is a monoecious deciduous tree, which can reach a height of 30 meters. Its bark is During 2020, our country's foreign trade registered a decrease of 12.1% in terms of light gray or brown, covered with scales or lamellar exfoliations. It has leaves of up to volume, a direct result of the impact on husking and packaging units due to health 25 cm in length, which are usually smooth or covered in hairs. The male pendulum restrictions due to COVID-19. catkins are composed of numerous flowers, with barely hairy stamens, measuring about 20 cm long, with a protrusion covered with glandular trichomes. It also has female inflorescences in terminal spikes. Main buyer Supplier Product 577,051,725* • United States (Mexican imports) It is a large fruit with a fleshy mesocarp and a hard, wrinkled endocarp, * USD • United States • Chile The nations divided in two brown valves. The inside is incompletely divided into two • Vietnam • Bolivia with the highest or four cells. The seed has 2 or 4 lobes and many holes. Its fruits or • Brazil • Peru seeds have a hard shell and are provided with a skin that separates • Guatemala • South Africa Buyers • Canada • Italy incomes are the ones easily from the edible inner nugget. The monosperm fruit is that import the largest formed from an ovary composed of hardened external (Mexican exports) amount of nuts. For walls until it acquires a woody and indehiscent example, the United States consistency, which means it does not open to • China Kingdom Importers and Exporters release the seed. • Netherlands • Peru • Germany • Hong Kong • United States • Peru is the largest international • Russia • Switzerland • China • Guatemala • Canada • Saudi • Vietnam • Colombia buyer of nuts, particularly pecan, • United Arabia • Germany • Spain • Canada • Cuba macadamia and cashew nuts. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 884 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 43,556 768 Volume 88,617 45,061 33.1 -24.7 tonnes 183 666 658 610 Value million USD 658 475 29.9 -25.6 464 Increase Decrease 405 278 270 224.3 200 182.6 133.0 135.5 140.5 85.8 116.3 Benefits 76.0 Walnuts are used as astringents for mild blood diseases, dyspepsia, fever, 25.8 37.3 flu and stomach pain. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.3 9.7 20.0 11.2 6.3 7.5 3.6 9.4 13.7 7.4 5.7 2.2 15.4 9.7 9.4 6.1 4.4 4.5 3.4 4.6 5.0 10.2 14.5 12.8 113 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Potato 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, 61,500 hectares were planted, which generated a production (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) of 1.944 million tonnes, which (tonnes) 2019-2020 represented 9% more than the AVERAGE National total 1,943,910 9.0 previous year. This increase was the 1,731 505,907 7.8 result of a 3% increase in sown area 1 Sonora Northwest 462,094 26.1 and a 4.6% increase in yield. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 48.9 2 Sinaloa Northwest 227,871 1.7 Annual per capita 168,883 -21.6 consumption 3 Veracruz South-Southeast 143,135 -9.2 109,502 -0.7 4 Mexico Center -2.8 67,598 -3.5 5 Puebla Center 56,381 118.7 41,889 -12.3 6 Nuevo León Northeast 39,251 121,399 1,433 7 Baja California Sur Northwest 1,802 1,630 8 Jalisco Center-West 1,679 1,727 1,797 1,715 1,803 1,784 1,944 9 Chihuahua Northeast 10 Zacatecas Northeast Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 24.7 Sinaloa increased its production by 26.1% compared to 2019, generating a revenue of of MXN 3,911 million. The municipalities of Cajeme and Caborca jointly contributed 43.8% of the state’s total production value. Sinaloa Veracruz 25.9 13.3 16.1 kg Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of tubers Surface Volume Value Yield Average 91.6% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 1,944 15,122 31.9 / tonne 62 1 61 7,779 Variations (%) Annual 3.0 -47.5 4.1 9.0 8.1 4.6 -0.8 2019-2020 AAGR -1.3 -28.9 1.2 3.4 5.8 2.2 2.3 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The production conditions allow availability throughout the year, although the highest volumes are observed in the periods from February to June and October to November. January February March April May June July August September October November December 2.4 9.9 11.1 14.0 7.7 10.8 5.6 5.0 6.7 12.1 10.4 4.3 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 114

World Ranking 34th The yields obtained by Mexico were 11.o tonnes Potato world higher than that achieved by the world’s leading producer Mexico producer nation. 1,943,910 Chinese farmers harvest the largest amount of potatoes: 4.9 million tonnes per year. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade The increase in production during 2020 favorably impacted the availability in the domestic market, which led to a 7.2% decrease in imported volumes. Commercial origin-destination Most of the volume that Mexico imports comes from the United States, mostly Solanum tuberosum L. from the agricultural areas of Oregon and Wisconsin. This volume enters the country through Baja California and Chihuahua. Description It is an edible tuber that grows underground, with very branched roots. The stem Main buyer Supplier • China is thick, strong and angled, with a height that varies between 0.5 and 1 meter. The 1,473,562* • Colombia • Belize (Mexican imports) leaves are imparipinnate. The plant also has underground stems, the first ones are green and their tips turn into tubers. It is a species whose main physiological * USD • United States • Germany function is to store nutrients in their tubers. Buyers Importers and Exporters Product • United States The fruit is a rounded, elongated, oval berry that turns yellow or reddish (Mexican exports) brown when ripe. It is made up of approximately 75% water and contains several vitamins, including vitamin C. • Guatemala • United • El Salvador Arab • United States Emirates With purchases ranging between 860,000 and 2.9 million tonnes, Belgium, Holland, the United States, Germany and France ranked as the largest importers of this frozen tuber during 2020. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 60.3 59.6 60.2 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 115,881 47.4 49.7 Volume 2,512 -113,369 -7.2 30.7 tonnes 60.2 44.8 46.0 Value 42.2 43.4 million USD 38.4 1.5 -58.6 0.9 30.8 Increase Decrease 0.648 0.773 0.627 0.940 0.516 0.671 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5 Benefits Potatoes contain minerals that are essential 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 for good bone health such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Imports Exports These are crucial in the production and maturation of collagen while building Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) bone structure and help maintain its strength. Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Exports 8.4 8.2 7.8 8.2 6.0 8.1 7.9 7.5 9.1 9.6 9.3 9.9 115 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 9.6 9.4 3.3 0.8 5.4 11.0 10.4 9.9 5.0 20.3 7.4 7.5

Papaya 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states The increased demand of the market has caused the average (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) annual growth rate to increase by (tonnes) 2019-2020 6.5%. In 2020, 1.117 million tonnes AVERAGE National total 1,117,437 3.2 were obtained: 3.2% more than the 899 8.0 previous year. 1 Oaxaca South-Southeast 349,509 2.0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 196,307 3.0 Annual per capita 2 Colima Center-West 158,001 2.2 consumption 114,710 -12.3 3 Chiapas South-Southeast 0.0 101,371 6.7 4 Veracruz South-Southeast 48,444 5.6 5 Michoacán Center-West 28,273 0.9 28,038 60.3 6 Guerrero Center 16,978 5.0 634 7 Jalisco Center-West 14,081 713 61,725 765 8 Campeche South-Southeast 836 884 952 962 1,040 1,083 1,117 9 San Luis Potosí Center-West 10 Tabasco South-Southeast Others Percentage of the production value by state In 2020, Oaxaca contributed 31.9% of the national value by registering an income of MXN 2,019 million. The price per tonne in the state was 5,778 MXN. 7.4 kg Colima 21.3 Oaxaca Chiapas 31.9 11.7 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 4.7% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 1,117 6,324 58.9 / tonne 20 N/A 19 5,660 Variations (%) Annual 1.2 N/A 0.8 3.2 0.1 2.4 -3.0 2019-2020 1.9 N/A 3.3 6.5 10.7 3.1 3.9 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) The characteristics of the crop allow ripening throughout the year, so that there is availability at any time. January February March April May June July August September October November December 6.6 8.2 9.3 8.0 9.4 9.0 9.6 8.3 8.2 8.3 7.3 7.8 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 116

World Ranking 4th Of the total world production, our country Papaya world contributed 7.9%. producer Mexico India has 1.5 times more hectares under 1,117,437 cultivation than Nigeria: the second country with the largest area sown in the world. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade World imports are close to 346,000 tonnes per year. Mexico is the main exporter of the fruit, while Brazil ranks second with a share of up to 50,000 tonnes. Commercial origin-destination International trade in papaya is carried out in two main areas. Mexico and Guatemala supply the U.S. and Canadian markets, while Brazil supplies most of Carica papaya L. the European market. Main buyer Supplier Description 86,656,945* It is a herbaceous plant, fleshy, fragile, very spongy and hollow in its central part. It • United States (Mexican imports) reaches up to 9 meters in height. Its leaves are dark green, thick and up to 80 cm * USD long, they are alternate and close together. Papayas are also called papaws or pawpaws. • China • Guatemala Product • Thailand The fruit is ovoid and oblong, 10 to 25 cm or longer, and 7 to 15 cm Buyers or more in diameter. It is pear-shaped or almost cylindrical, large, fleshy, juicy, longitudinally grooved at the top, green (Mexican exports) or yellowish-orange when ripe, with numerous black, • Canada • Dominican rounded or ovoid parietal seeds which are enclosed in • Germany Republic • Netherlands • France a transparent, sub-acidic layer. • Brazil • Sweden • United • United The United States is the world's largest importer. Kingdom Arab It is estimated that 80 out of every 100 tonnes it • Switzerland Emirates acquires are of Mexican origin. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 91.0 86.7 86.5 88.3 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 277 81.0 77.0 79.7 0.3 Volume 169,042 168,765 -6.9 4.7 tonnes 57.8 60.6 Value million USD 88.3 88.0 -1.7 2.1 Increase Decrease 40.9 0.002 0.073 0.006 0 0.212 0.265 0.149 0.290 0.334 0.329 Benefits It has been shown that the ripe 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 and green papaya fruits and their seeds have an active ingredient Imports Exports against Gram+ bacteria, which is also fungicidal. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports 117 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 0.0 9.4 9.4 24.2 0.0 18.8 20.2 6.6 6.9 8.9 7.5 8.3 11.4 8.1 9.3 8.1 7.8 8.6 8.5

Cucumber 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states An annual decrease of 1.1% in the sown area and a 1% drop in (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) yield caused production to fall (tonnes) 2019-2020 by 2.7% in 2020 compared to the AVERAGE National total 1,159,934 -2.7 previous year. 893 -12.6 1 Sinaloa Northwest 342,150 18.4 Annual per capita 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 262,871 7.0 consumption 2 Sonora Northwest -34.0 81,156 -2.7 3 Morelos Center 64,997 -2.2 61,709 28.2 4 Michoacán Center-West 51,346 3.1 5 Guanajuato Center-West 42,340 25.5 41,332 4.4 6 Yucatán South-Southeast 37,388 -7.4 30,095 425 7 Zacatecas Northeast 144,550 641 637 8 San Luis Potosí Center-West 708 924 1,019 1,108 1,113 1,192 1,160 9 Jalisco Center-West 10 Colima Center-West Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 21.2 Sinaloa generated a revenue of MXN 2.714 billion as a result of the sale of the 342,150 tonnes that were produced. The price per tonne in the state was MXN 7,931, which represented an increase of 14.3% compared to 2019. Sinaloa 35.3 2.6 kg Morelos 5.5 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of vegetables Surface Volume Value Yield Average Tonnes rural price 7.2% Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 1,160 7,692 73.7 / tonne 16 0.2 16 6,631 Variations Annual -1.1 130.7 -1.7 -2.7 -2.9 -1.0 -0.2 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR -0.3 -23.4 0.8 11.8 15.3 10.9 3.2 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Two thirds of the national production volume are produced during the first half of each year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 10.5 16.6 11.1 10.2 12.3 6.5 3.3 4.1 4.9 6.2 6.5 7.8 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 118

World ranking 7th Increasing yields in recent years allowed Mexico Cucumber world to stand out as one of the main producers. producer Mexico China leads the world's production of cucurbits; 1,159,934 eight out of every ten cucumbers in the world come from this country. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Cucumis sativus L. Of all the Mexican horticultural exports, cucumber sales are the third most Description significant in terms of volume and revenues collected. Mexico and Spain are It is a berry fruit from a herbaceous vining plant that receives the same name. Its the main international sellers of this vegetable, but because of it’s geographical main stem is angular and prickly, creeping and climbing, with dark green leaves and location; our country’s production is geared towards meeting North American covered with a very fine hair. Its flowers have yellow petals. The leaf is simple, with demand, while the Iberian nation mainly supplies the European continent. a long petiole and large hard blade. It belongs to the cucurbits family. Commercial origin-destination During 2020, national exports were destined for seven nations, being the United States, with a volume of 822,000 tonnes, the largest buyer. In this trade dynamic, the link between the domestic production areas located in Baja California, Sonora and Sinaloa and the consumption centers of the U.S. west coast stands out. Main buyer Supplier Product 406,632,878* The fruit is a rough or smooth pepo (depending on the variety), light to • United States (Mexican imports) dark green, or yellowish when fully ripe. The pulp is watery, whitish in color, with seeds distributed throughout the inside of the fruit. These * USD • India • Belgium seeds are present in variable quantities and are oval, somewhat • Sri Lanka • United States flat and yellowish-white. Buyers Importers and Exporters The United States is the largest • United States importer of cucumber, which (Mexican exports) it purchases mainly from Mexico, although it also makes • Canada • Cuba significant purchases from • United • Japan Canada and Honduras. Kingdom • United • Costa Rica Arab Emirates Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 425 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 202 370 Volume 0.2 832,228 808,926 N/A 2.9 347 tonnes 314 425 370 N/A 14.8 286 Value million USD N/A: Does not apply Increase 243 222 193 156 138 0.012 0.001 2.5 00 NS 0 0 0 0.199 Benefits Hot or cold tea made from peeled 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 cucumbers can help remove excess Imports Exports NS: Not significant fluid accumulations in the tissues of the body, especially in chronic cases of Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) gout and edema. Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 119 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 14.3 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 21.5 7.1 28.6 11.1 10.0 10.9 8.5 8.0 7.4 4.9 5.0 5.6 7.5 9.5 11.6

Pear 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states Over the past 10 years, production has registered an average annual (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) growth rate of 0.3%. Despite this, (tonnes) 2019-2020 during 2020 the production volume AVERAGE decreased by 0.3% compared to the 26 National total 25,903 -0.3 previous year as a result of the 1.4% reduction in the sown area. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Puebla Center 12,338 -1.9 25 2 Michoacán Center-West 6,615 -0.7 Annual per capita 22 3 Morelos Center 2,042 consumption 24 4 Veracruz South-Southeast 1,887 1.6 5 Chiapas South-Southeast 746 -6.6 Variations 6 Mexico Center 550 39.0 7 Durango Northeast 402 (%) 24 8 Mexico City Center 329 2.1 25 9 Oaxaca South-Southeast 259 46.1 27 10 Hidalgo Center 203 -0.7 28 534 10.0 30 Others 4.0 26 -11.5 26 Percentage of the production value by state Puebla contributed 47.6% of the total national production. However, the largest revenue was obtained by Michoacán with MXN 39 million, resulting from the 118.7% increase in the average rural price. The municipality of Zinapécuaro generated 95.5% of the production value, as well as 93.5% of the volume. Veracruz 17.3 778 g Michoacán 31.5 Puebla 25.6 Share in the national 2020 Indicators Average production of fruits rural price Volume Value Surface Yield MXN / tonne Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes tonnes MXN /hectare 4,814 0.1% Thousand hectares 26 17.7 4 N/A 4 -0.3 125 7.1 0.3 3.6 Annual -1.4 N/A -1.4 17.4 1.1 2019-2020 Does not apply -2.1 N/A -0.9 3.9 1.2 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The best season for consumption is from July to October, when about 90% of the total yearly production is available. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 6.1 21.7 30.1 28.4 9.6 1.9 0.7 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 120

World ranking Pear 39th Mexico Three out of every thousand hectares of the world world’s pear orchards are located in Mexican producer territory. 25,903 China has the largest harvest in the world with a volume close to one million tonnes per tonnes year. 2020 Foreign trade The level of domestic production and demand are factors that drive significant foreign purchases, which have even reached 90,000 tonnes. Commercial origin-destination Of the fruit that Mexico acquired from other countries, 86.4% came from the United States. The second largest supplier was Argentina, a country from which Pyrus communis L. just over 6,000 tonnes were purchased during 2020. Main buyer Supplier Description Pear trees are part of the Rosaceae family and are mostly deciduous. They have 249,396* (Mexican imports) erect, gray trunks, their leaves are oval and measure up to 10 cm with a shiny dark Costa Rica green line, and the flowers are white. Pears are the fruits of the tree. * USD • United States • Spain Product Buyers • Argentina • South Africa • Chile • France The fruit is fleshy, shaped like a light bulb; its skin is smooth and can be (Mexican exports) • China • Italy • Panama • Ecuador • Belgium • Dominican green, yellow, brown or reddish in color, and with cellulosic content. The • Honduras • United States Republic • Nicaragua • Belize pulp is white, sometimes greenish, compact and juicy, but slightly • El Salvador • Venezuela • Guatemala • Colombia Germany, France, the “floury” on the palate. It’s flavor is sweet, aromatic, and it has United Kingdom, Holland small seeds that are brown, semi-flat and hard. Importers and Exporters and the United States • United States • Chile make annual imports • Argentina • Dominican of pear that exceed 100 Republic thousand tonnes each. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 98.4 97.8 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 74,475 93.4 74.2 89.5 85.0 82.9 Volume 903 -73,572 -20.8 1,162 tonnes 80.0 Value 73.6 74.2 million USD 67.9 1.8 -72.4 -20.6 1,610 Increase Decrease 0.037 0.037 0.051 0.067 0.037 0.048 0.082 0.150 0.103 1.8 Benefits Pears contain considerable amounts of 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 polyphenolics, vitamin A and folate, and provides a lot of fiber. Imports Exports 121 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 12.3 11.4 10.8 8.0 7.5 7.5 8.3 5.5 5.9 7.8 7.3 7.7 6.0 5.1 7.2 4.4 5.8 9.1 7.9 13.8 4.7 6.1 15.3 14.6

Pineapple 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, 32,300 hectares were sown for a production of 1.208 million (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) tonnes, which represented an (tonnes) 2019-2020 increase of 5.6% from last year. This AVERAGE was the result of a larger harvested 900 National total 1,208,247 16.0 area and better yields. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 809,292 17.8 Annual per capita 156,479 7.6 consumption 2 Oaxaca South-Southeast 57,334 1.1 56,472 67.8 3 Tabasco South-Southeast 52,695 14.7 35,046 -3.6 4 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 30,207 14.7 0.0 5 Nayarit Northwest 7,763 6 Jalisco Center-West 743 7 Colima Center-West 760 772 8 Chiapas South-Southeast 817 840 876 945 1,000 1,041 1,208 9 Campeche South-Southeast 1,596 74.5 10 Guerrero Center 547 0.5 Others 816 10.4 Percentage of the production value by state Fourteen municipalities in Veracruz contribute 67% of the total national production. That sale generated a revenue of MXN 3.439 billion, accounting for 62.6% of the value of this fruit’s harvest throughout the country. Veracruz 62.6 9.0 kg Oaxaca Quintana 13.5 Roo 8.5 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 5.0% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 1,208 5,491 47.4 / tonne 32 N/A 25 4,545 Variations Annual -26.8 N/A 12.8 16.0 17.8 2.9 1.5 (%) 2019-2020 -1.4 N/A 4.4 5.6 5.3 11.1 1.1 AAGR Does not apply 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) This fruit is available all year round in Mexico, with higher volumes recorded from April to August. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.1 6.3 8.8 11.1 11.1 11.0 9.9 11.6 7.0 5.6 5.9 4.6 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 122

World ranking Pineapple 9th Mexico The increase in the national sown area allowed world Mexico to contribute 3.7% of world production. producer Costa Rica's yields are three times higher than 1,208,247 the world average, allowing it to reach a volume of close to 3.3 million tonnes per year. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Ananas comosus L. The levels of foreign demand have not been favorable to the national exports. Description After reaching an all-time high in 2017, international trading declined over the The plant is a perennial herb that grows 1 to 1.5 m tall. When the fruit is going to past three years. be produced, about 200 flowers are generated, whose fruits combine to form the pineapple. Each plant has between 70 and 80 leaves, which are blades or sheets Commercial origin-destination arranged in a spiral, usually in layers. Some varieties have thorns on the edges of the Pineapple production in the United States does not cover the volume demanded leaves. Its flowers have foliar scales that retain water. by its market, which is why it acquired 55,771 tonnes from Mexico in 2020. The embryo of the plant has a single leaf or cotyledon. This figure represented a decrease and it was caused by the decline of the consumption of this Fruit in the U.S. Main buyer Supplier Product 34,324,984* • United States (Mexican imports) It is an oval and thick fruit that measures on average 30 cm long and 15 * USD • Costa Rica • United cm in diameter. The edible pulp is surrounded by green bracts that • Thailand States • Guatemala • France turn orange when ripe, forming the skin of the fruit. At the upper • China • Philippines Buyers • Colombia end, the bracts are transformed into a crown of leaves. (Mexican exports) The pulp, yellow or white, is fleshy, aromatic, juicy and • Israel • Japan The main importers in the sweet. On the inside, there is a hard fibrous core that • Russia • United goes from the crown to the • Canada Arab • Germany Emirates Importers and Exporters world are the United States pedicle. • South Korea • Panama • United • Spain • United States and some countries of the Kingdom European Union, for which the MD2 variety is the most preferred. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 43.9 42.4 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 661 37.9 Volume 1.6 55,847 55,186 -18.9 -9.1 tonnes 34.6 34.6 33.0 18.3 12.3 31.2 30.8 Value million USD Increase Decrease 23.9 24.8 20.7 17.5 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.897 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 Benefits Bromelain in ripe pineapple can act 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 as a blood thinner and prevent blood clots from forming; it also helps Imports Exports improve circulation. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) 123 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.2 5.8 11.8 9.0 5.7 3.7 10.4 7.9 5.5 8.2 6.0 17.8 7.7 9.3 16.4 5.4 15.7 9.3 2.4 5.4 8.1 8.9 6.2 5.2

Banana 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states Due to its wide and growing demand in the market, it ranks as one of the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) most produced fruits in the country, (tonnes) 2019-2020 as a result of this, in the last 10 years AVERAGE its average annual growth rate was 2,272 National total 2,464,171 2.7 1.6%. In 2020, 2.464 million tonnes were produced, a figure 2.7% higher 2,139 1 Chiapas South-Southeast 701,501 0.7 than in 2019. 2,204 2 Tabasco South-Southeast 601,608 1.9 2,128 3 Veracruz South-Southeast 324,733 -2.7 Annual per capita 2,151 4 Colima Center-West 207,433 -0.2 consumption 2,262 5 Jalisco Center-West 197,368 32.7 2,385 6 Michoacán Center-West 177,705 1.7 2,230 7 Guerrero Center 2.9 2,354 8 Oaxaca South-Southeast 89,138 -2.0 2,399 9 Puebla Center 77,209 4.6 2,464 10 Nayarit Northwest 38,112 15.1 36,203 -3.2 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Others 13,163 Percentage of the production value by state Chiapas is the main producer of bananas with an annual volume of 702,000 tonnes. However, in 2020, the highest revenues from the sale of this fruit were obtained by Tabasco, generating MXN 2.162 billion. Veracruz 13.2 Tabasco 23.0 15 kg Chiapas 18.4 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 10.3% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 2,464 9,409 30.9 / tonne 81 N/A 80 3,818 Variations Annual 0.03 N/A 0.2 2.7 6.7 2.5 3.9 (%) 2019-2020 0.5 N/A 0.8 1.6 4.8 0.8 3.2 AAGR Increase Does not apply 2011-2020 National monthly production (%) In Mexico, banana crops are harvested all year round, however, one fifth of the production occurs between June and July. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.4 10.6 10.2 9.0 7.8 8.6 7.2 8.3 Increased availability Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 124

World ranking Banana 20th Mexico Mexico had a yield differential of six tonnes world per hectare compared to the leading nation in producer production. 2,464,171 India is the leading country in production, contributing just over a quarter of the world tonnes volume, which amounted to 116.8 million tonnes. 2020 Foreign trade Mexican exports show uniform availability throughout the year. For its part, organic production has registered a significant flow in the international market. Commercial origin-destination Musa paradisiaca L. The domestic production offered to the foreign market was destined for 30 Description countries, with the United States being the main destination by acquiring 76% It is a large plant that is considered to be a herb, because its aerial parts die and fall of that volume. Recent phytosanitary agreements allowed Mexico to expand to the ground when the growing season ends. It is perennial because the base then banana exports to China, which in its first year purchased 79 tonnes. develops a shoot, which replaces the mother plant. What appears to be a trunk is, in fact, a pseudo stem. Its leaves are smooth and tender, and they are among the largest in the plant kingdom. It produces 300 to 400 fruits per spike, weighing more than 50 kg. Main buyer Supplier Product 202,693,926* • United States (Mexican imports) The fruit of the plant is elongated in the shape of a half moon. It * USD • Ecuador • Germany measures approximately 15 cm long and has a light yellow peel • Philippines • United Buyers • Costa Rica States The United States with black spots which, when removed, reveal a fleshy, sweet, • France • Canada is the most attractive yellowish pulp with abundant soft seeds. There are (Mexican exports) • Peru destination for this export. varieties such as cavendish, manzano, grand naine In 2020, it acquired more and plantains—which can be fried. • Japan Kingdom Importers and Exporters than 5 million tonnes. However, • New • Guatemala Zeeland • Romania • United States China, Germany, Japan, Holland • South Korea • Montenegro • Canada • The • Canada • Germany and the United Kingdom are also Netherlands • Spain • United relevant markets, as they made individual purchases of more than one million tonnes. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 280.5 280.4 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 29.7 260.5 270.2 0.1 Volume 551,007 550,977 -82.6 -4.8 tonnes 195.8 280 280 -84.6 -0.03 Value 181.2 million USD 169.5 150.8 Increase Decrease 122.0 61.1 Benefits It has high levels of potassium which 0.222 0.168 0.326 0.355 0.321 0.294 0.505 0.650 0.633 0.097 helps regulate the heartbeat, bring oxygen to the brain, and regulate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 the amount of water in the body. Its consumption can improve mental Imports Exports activity and lower blood pressure. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) 125 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 9.3 0.0 34.1 0.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 37.3 7.6 7.4 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.0 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.4 7.7 8.3

Rose 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume The demand for this flower has been Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) increasing both in the domestic and (thousand grosses) Center (grosses) 2019-2020 foreign markets. In the last 10 years it has had an average annual growth AVERAGE National total 9,082,621 1.4 rate of 3.8%. In 2020, 9.083 million 7,865 1 Mexico grosses were cut, a figure 1.4% higher 7,088,578 -0.6 than that recorded in 2019. 2 Puebla Center 655,906 -0.5 3 Morelos Center 583,189 12.4 4 Querétaro Center-West 572,043 23.2 5 Jalisco Center-West 153,473 4.3 6 Oaxaca South-Southeast 10,728 -21.5 6,518 7 Hidalgo Center 7,663 -0.7 6,559 6,981 8 Guerrero Center 7,301 18.1 7,142 6,814 8,547 9,012 9,044 8,955 9,083 9 Mexico City Center 2,650 -11.8 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 10 Tlaxcala Center 1,090 3.8 Percentage of the production value by state Querétaro Estado de México continues to 8.0 be the main producer and seller, generating a production value of Puebla MXN 1.293 billion, which represented 10.9 71.9% of the total national value. The municipality of Villa Guerrero generated 55.5% of the volume and 51.7% of the revenue obtained in that state. Estado de México 71.9 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of ornamentals Surface Volume Value Yield Average Grosses rural price 25.1% Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare grosses MXN 5,488.3 MXN Thousand hectares 9,083 1,797 / gross 2 N/A 2 198 Variations Annual 1.0 N/A -0.2 1.4 -12.1 1.6 -13.3 (%) 2019-2020 -0.1 AAGR 1.7 N/A 1.5 3.8 3.6 2.2 Does not apply 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Harvests mainly take place during the months of high demand (February, May and December), in which about half of the country's production is offered. January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.8 15.8 8.2 7.4 20.3 5.0 3.6 4.6 1.8 5.2 9.3 15.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 126

Rose 2020 Foreign trade The favorable trend in rose exports allowed us to achieve a new record in sales volume: 3,683 tonnes. Due to factors associated with seasonality, a quarter of the annual total was exported in February and May. Commercial origin-destination Although exports to Holland, Japan and Canada have been sporadic, in 2020 Rosa spp. Mexico managed to sell 16 tonnes to these countries. In contrast, the United Description States imported just over 3,600 tonnes. It is a plant that belongs to the rosaceae family. The leaves are alternate, rough and petiolated, composed of an odd number of elliptical leaflets, with serrated Main buyer Supplier 7,186,833* edges. The flowers are terminal, solitary or in clusters, with an oval or round • United States (Mexican imports) calyx, with a corolla composed of 5 round or heart-shaped petals, concave, * USD • Colombia • The and with many stamens and pistils. • Ecuador Netherlands • Guatemala • India Product They present clustered inflorescences, which form corymbs. Buyers Importers and Exporters These are generally aromatic, complete and hermaphroditic, • The Netherlands (Mexican exports) regular, and radially symmetrical. The flower of the members of this genus is called “rose” and the • Canada • Japan plant “rose bush.” • The Netherlands Germany is the largest buyer of rose bushes in the world, while the Netherlands is the main market for the sale of cut flowers. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 8.1 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 21.0 7.3 7.2 Volume 0.3 tonnes 6.6 6.7 3,683 3,662 0.9 24.8 6.2 6.4 6.6 Value million USD 5.1 7.2 7.0 -16.9 8.1 4.5 Increase Decrease 0.396 0.217 0.243 0.098 0.136 0.175 0.068 0.179 0.314 0.261 Benefits Rose petal infusions are used to relax 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 and combat insomnia and depression. It is an antioxidant and has a mild Imports Exports laxative effect, so it is used to cleanse the body. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports 127 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2.1 56.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.9 16.5 0.0 19.7 0.7 1.2 0.6 4.6 13.2 4.2 3.8 12.4 9.2 7.1 7.9 7.4 9.5 8.9 11.8

Watermelon 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (tonnes) 2019-2020 AVERAGE 1,167 National total 1,362,393 1.2 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Sonora Northwest 514,233 1.3 1,002 2 Chihuahua Northeast 163,692 27.5 1,034 3 Jalisco Center-West 120,980 -8.4 953 4 Veracruz South-Southeast 95,702 -5.8 946 5 Guerrero Center 3.9 1,020 6 Oaxaca South-Southeast 72,691 2.4 1,200 7 Campeche South-Southeast 50,043 5.4 1,332 8 Chiapas South-Southeast 46,143 -12.0 1,472 9 Nayarit Northwest 41,706 -19.8 1,346 10 Tamaulipas Northeast 41,649 237.0 1,362 36,185 -11.7 Others 179,370 Percentage of the production value by state In 2020, 39,400 hectares were Sonora Chihuahua harvested, with a production of 1.362 40.7 7.3 million tonnes. This figure is 1.2% larger than in 2019 as a result of better yields. Sonora obtained a revenue of MXN 2.043 billion, which represented 40.7% of the total national value for this crop. The average rural price paid in that state was MXN 3,973 per tonne. Annual per capita consumption 4.9 kg Jalisco 7.7 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 5.7% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 1,362 5,019 34.8 / tonne 40 1 39 3,684 Variations Annual -0.9 -17.3 -0.6 1.2 1.8 1.8 0.6 (%) 2019-2020 -1.5 -19.7 -0.6 3.5 8.2 4.1 4.5 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The highest availability by volume is recorded in the warm weather months, mainly from March to June. January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.4 8.9 10.4 12.4 14.0 10.4 8.0 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.1 5.1 Increased availability Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 128

World ranking 10th In the last three years, among the 130 countries Watermelon world that produce this fruit, Mexico has managed to producer Mexico rank in the top 10. 1,362,393 China continues to lead the world's watermelon production, its contribution averages 62 million tonnes tonnes annually. 2020 Foreign trade The international watermelon trade is one of the most significant in Mexico due to the volume sold abroad, with around 720,000 tonnes per year. Commercial origin-destination The United States is the largest buyer of Mexican watermelons, however, imports from Canada, Japan and Cuba are also frequent. On the other hand, exports of Citrullus lanatus this fruit reached a new Asian market in 2020: The United Arab Emirates. Main buyer Supplier Description It is a creeping plant that grows along the fields. Its taproot is deep and has several 151,515,889* (Mexican imports) • United States secondary ones; most of them between 30 and 50 cm deep. The primary stem • United States grows secondary and tertiary stems. The foliage can take up to 5 square meters of land. The stems are herbaceous, green, covered with hair and, when they spread on the soil, they can reach a length of up to 6 meters. It grows yellow, solitary flowers. * USD Buyers Importers and Exporters Product • United States The fruit is rounded or stretched, with a weight ranging from 2 (Mexican exports) In 2020, Spain was the main exporter with a to 20 kg. The color of the rind can be completely green or • Canada • United volume close to 840,000 tonnes. On the other have yellowish or grayish stripes. The pulp is red, pink • Japan Arab Emirates or yellow. There are seedless watermelons and • Cuba • Spain others with many seeds, which are either black or white. hand, the United States was the largest importer, acquiring 752,000 tonnes. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 158.2 151.7 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 301 140.5 140.1 0.1 125.8 127.4 Volume 733,942 733,640 -81.2 -4.5 tonnes 117.6 Value 98.9 million USD 152 152 -77.7 -4.1 74.6 78.1 Decrease 0.378 0.278 0.441 0.481 0.214 0.324 0.497 0.538 0.564 0.126 Benefits Watermelon seeds are recognized 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 worldwide for their diuretic properties and their soothing effect on bladder Imports Exports inflammation. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) 129 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.7 16.3 43.8 36.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 4.9 4.8 8.1 11.7 20.9 15.5 2.2 2.3 3.4 12.7 6.6 6.9

Fodder 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume sorghum volume Main states The increase in volume obtained in (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) 2020 is the result of a combination (tonnes) 2019-2020 of a greater sown area (12.4%) and AVERAGE better yields (4.5%) compared to 3,921 National total 3,601,545 9.6 2019. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Sinaloa Northwest 783,065 26.8 765,904 23.0 2 Coahuila Northeast 550,175 29.8 267,351 -12.2 3 Durango Northeast 234,386 -17.1 194,032 -3.7 4 Jalisco Center-West -6.9 181,861 -1.5 5 Sonora Northwest 175,731 -45.5 110,132 35.3 6 Baja California Northwest 62,650 31.7 276,258 3,938 7 Guerrero Center 5,429 4,786 8 Michoacán Center-West 4,447 3,218 3,037 3,547 3,924 3,285 3,602 9 Chihuahua Northeast 10 Nuevo León Northeast Others Percentage of the production value by state Coahuila The price in Coahuila increased 23.2 3.5%, contributing to the increase in the value of this fodder’s production by 27.3% (MXN 112 million more than in 2019). Sinaloa 17.7 Durango 17.2 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fodders Surface Volume Value Yield Average 2.8% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 3,602 2,256 23.8 / tonne 168 16 152 627 Variations Annual 12.4 235.5 4.9 9.6 14.4 4.5 4.4 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR -3.7 -12.2 -2.1 -1.0 1.6 1.1 2.6 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) About 80% of the production is obtained from August to December. January February March April May June July August September October November December 8.4 2.2 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.4 3.7 10.7 13.2 17.6 23.6 13.8 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 130

Fodder sorghum 2020 Foreign trade Mexico’s foreign trade in this crop is not significant; transactions generated a cash flow of USD 88,666. Commercial origin-destination The United States consolidated itself as the main supplier and customer, driving a total trade of 529 tonnes, which is limited to the northwest border area. Sorghum vulgare L. Main buyer Description 11,940* It is a plant of the grass family, with reeds that reach 2 to 3 meters in height. Its • United States root system can reach up to 2 meters deep. It has three kinds of roots: lateral, adventitious and aerial. It develops between 7 and 24 leaves, depending on the * USD variety. Its stem is compact, sometimes spongy, with thickened nodes and Supplier inflorescences in compact, semi-compact or semi-lax panicles. (Mexican imports) Product • United States The entire plant is cut before or after flowering, either when it Importers and Exporters is green or when dry. It is always used as animal feed and it • United States can be ground, kept in silos, tedded, etc. Among the importers of forage crops, the United States and Canada stand out because they are countries with a vocation for dairy cattle farming. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 0.077 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 290 0.069 Volume tonnes 239 -51.2 46.4 -31.5 0.048 Value 0.1 0.01 -0.1 59.7 -73.1 0.044 million USD Increase Decrease 0.024 0.025 0.023 0.015 0.012 0.004 0.003 Benefits 0 0.002 0 0 0.002 0.002 Sorghum provides almost the same 0 NS 0 metabolizable energy as maize and has 2012 a higher crude protein content (albeit of 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 lower quality). It is also relatively rich in niacin, an essential vitamin for livestock. Imports Exports NS: Not significant Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 34.4 0.0 34.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.1 58.8 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 131 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Sorghum 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume grain volume Main states It is mainly intended for the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) production of livestock feed. In (tonnes) 2019-2020 2020, 4.704 million tonnes were AVERAGE produced, a figure 8.1% higher 5,674 National total 4,703,701 8.1 than in the previous year. This was the result of a larger sown area 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Tamaulipas Northeast 1,907,325 3.9 and better climatological and 6,429 2 Guanajuato Center-West 896,905 17.6 phytosanitary conditions, since in 6,970 3 Sinaloa Northwest 398,751 29.5 2019 this crop was affected by the 6,308 4 Michoacán Center-West 322,147 6.3 yellow aphid plague. 8,394 5 Nayarit Northwest 242,248 -11.4 5,195 6 Morelos Center 187,439 7.7 5,006 7 Jalisco Center-West 184,238 8.8 4,853 8 Puebla Center -7.4 4,531 93,462 4,353 4,704 9 San Luis Potosí Center-West 90,122 99.7 10 Campeche South-Southeast 85,637 11.3 Others 295,426 -2.9 Percentage of the production value by state Tamaulipas Three-fifths of the production 36.7 value and volume of Tamaulipas are obtained from the municipalities of Matamoros, Rio Bravo and San Fernando. The revenue in that state reached MXN 6.464 billion. Guanajuato 22.6 Michoacán 7.8 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fodders Surface Volume Value Yield Average 3.7% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 4,704 17,623 3.2 / tonne 1,484 30 1,454 3,747 Variations Annual 8.7 -24.0 9.7 8.1 22.2 -1.5 13.1 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR -3.1 -20.7 -1.9 -3.4 -2.5 -1.5 0.9 2011-2020 National monthly production (%) Increase Decrease The autumn-winter cycle concentrates the highest production with significant volumes obtained from May to July. On the other hand, the spring-summer season gets its most considerable production from November to December. January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.7 1.5 1.3 6.1 7.5 33.1 7.4 2.9 0.7 2.9 16.8 14.1 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 132

World ranking Sorghum grain 4th Mexico Mexico is a notable producer of this grain, the world fields used for its cultivation produce 7.5% of the producer total world's harvest. 4,703,701 The United States has the highest production of sorghum in the world, although Sudan allocates tonnes a larger area for this crop. 2020 Foreign trade A higher volume of domestic production was the main factor in reducing the imports required to meet the domestic demand. Commercial origin-destination Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench The United States is the only country from which Mexico buys sorghum. The Description main points of entry to the national territory are Piedras Negras in Chihuahua and It is a plant of the grass family, with reeds that can reach 1.5 meters high, filled with Nuevo Progreso in Tamaulipas. a white and somewhat sweet tissue, with hairy nodes but hairless, rough bordered Main buyer leaves. Its flowers appear in a loose, large, thick, clustered and hanging panicle, 169,961* and with grains that are larger than hemp seeds, somewhat reddish, whitish or • United States yellow. * USD Product Supplier Sorghum seeds are 3 mm. wide. They are spherical and oblong, black, reddish or yellow in color. Among its nutritional properties, (Mexican imports) • United States it has high quality sugars of slow absorption and a low fat content. Importers and Exporters In 2020, Mexico consolidated itself as the third largest • United States importer, only behind China and Japan. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 647 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 312,033 Volume 1,049 -310,984 -57.5 5,510 tonnes 54.1 478 Value million USD 0.2 -53.9 -59.0 2,690 320 Increase Decrease 111.7 131.8 67.7 54.1 39.9 36.4 Benefits 0.165 0.107 0 12.9 0.291 1.5 1.6 0.657 0.006 0.170 Sorghum bran is used to relieve colitis 1.1 and other chronic gastrointestinal 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 inflammations due to the roughness of 2014 its particles. Imports Exports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Exports 45.8 28.4 19.5 2.9 0.8 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.3 0.0 0.0 133 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Soy 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states The production volume of this oilseed increased by 5.7% during (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) 2020. However, the harvest was still (tonnes) 2019-2020 22.3% lower than the average for the AVERAGE last 10 years. It is worth mentioning 317 National total 246,019 5.7 that in 2016 it achieved its maximum production with 509,000 tonnes. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Campeche South-Southeast 91,869 -6.6 29,705 N/A Annual per capita 2 Veracruz South-Southeast 24,762 29.8 availability 24,665 -47.6 3 Sinaloa Northwest 23,193 2.8 19,544 -20.3 4 Tamaulipas Northeast 18,706 589.0 13,046 -6.6 5 Chiapas South-Southeast -86.1 528 -100.0 6 Yucatán South-Southeast 0 -100.0 0 7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 205 8 Sonora Northwest 248 239 387 341 509 433 324 233 246 9 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 10 Nuevo León Northeast Others Percentage of the production value by state The price of soy in Campeche increased by 18.5% compared to 2019, a factor that contributed to the increase in the value of its production by 10.7%. Tamaulipas 10.8 Veracruz 11.1 46.7 kg Campeche 38.0 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of oilseeds Surface Volume Value Yield Average 49.6% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 246 1,945 1.6 / tonne 166 9 157 7,905 Variations Annual 7.0 -1.0 7.5 5.7 21.9 -1.7 15.3 (%) 2019-2020 -0.1 -2.9 0.1 2.0 4.7 1.9 2.6 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Soy cultivation in Mexico is mostly performed during the spring-summer cycle, with the highest harvests from November to January. January February March April May June July August September October November December 12.8 5.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 9.2 33.3 38.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 134

World ranking There are 109 countries that produce this Soy oilseed. Among them, Mexico recorded a yield 23rd Mexico just 1.6 tonnes per hectare lower than that of world Brazil, the leading country in the production of producer this crop. 246,019 Recently, Brazil recorded a volume of 114.3 million tonnes of soy, placing it for the first time tonnes above the United States, which traditionally led world production. 2020 Foreign trade Glycine max Although purchases of grain derivatives, such as waste from the oil industry, are Description significant, the increase in domestic production during 2020 led to a decrease in It is an annual herbaceous plant with a vegetative cycle that ranges from 3 to 7 imports by 262,000 tonnes. months. The leaves, stems and pods are pubescent, the seed is generally spherical and rich in proteins and oils. In some improved varieties, it has about 40 to 42% Commercial origin-destination protein and 20 to 22% oil, compared to its dry weight. The United States, Brazil and Argentina cover the national demand, although due to their geographical proximity and being Mexico's main trading partner, the Product neighboring northern country contributed 4.881 million tonnes (85.2% of the total The seed is generally spherical, bean-sized and yellow in color. It can be an purchased). excellent alternative for those who do not consume animal protein or for Main buyer Supplier those who want to reduce their animal protein intake. 4,662,392* • United States (Mexican imports) • United States • Argentina * USD • Brazil Buyers Importers and Exporters • United States (Mexican exports) • Spain China was the largest importer in 2020 with acquisitions exceeding 100 million tonnes, reaching a new all-time high in purchasing. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 2,188 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 5,727,099 2,160 2,188 1,908 1,984 1,969 1,952 Volume 7,903 -5,719,196 -4.4 239 tonnes 1,582 1,669 Value 1,502 1,549 million USD 4.7 -2,183 1.3 214 Increase Decrease 0.097 0.053 0.201 0.248 0.174 0.044 0.227 0.231 1.5 4.7 Benefits Soy contains plant hormones that 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 relieve menopausal disorders and help prevent breast and prostate cancer. Imports Exports 135 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.8 7.6 9.7 8.5 9.6 8.2 9.6 7.3 7.2 10.4 6.2 8.9 8.8 24.8 12.9 7.6 0.2 3.5 10.7 4.8 8.0 0.0 10.5 8.2

Tobacco 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 National total AVERAGE 14,476 -14.6 15 12,709 -14.9 1 Nayarit Northwest 1,367 -14.4 2 Veracruz South-Southeast 358 -3.8 3 Chiapas South-Southeast 41 -3.8 4 Guerrero Center 2 5 Tabasco South-Southeast 2.4 102011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 15 Its leaves are mainly used for 15 Percentage of the production value by state the production of cigars and cigarettes. On average, over the Variations In 2020, the average rural price past 10 years, 15,000 tonnes have in Nayarit was MXN 36,596 been produced annually. In 2020, (%) 15 per tonne, which resulted in a 14,000 tonnes were produced, 13 revenue of MXN 465 million. This 14.6% less than the previous year. 16 figure represented 83.1% of the 17 total national production value. Annual per capita 15 availability 17 14 Nayarit Veracruz 83.1 15.4 220 g Chiapas 1.3 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of agro- Surface Volume Value Yield Average industrials Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare 0.02% tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 14 560 2.1 / tonne 7 N/A 7 38,680 Annual 1.1 N/A 1.1 -14.6 -15.9 -15.5 -1.6 2019-2020 4.8 N/A 4.8 4.6 7.2 -0.2 2.5 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) Tobacco production is very seasonal, as almost all of the production is achieved from March to June. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.2 12.2 26.0 34.2 22.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.7 1.4 0.3 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 136

World ranking Tobacco 33rd Mexico The national yield was higher than the world world average (1.85 tonnes per hectare). producer Tobacco cultivation takes place in 140 nations, 14,476 but China's production is the most significant with a capacity to produce 2.6 million tonnes. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Mexico has a trade deficit in tobacco products. In the last five years, the volume imported exceeds the exports by 3.7 times. Commercial origin-destination The United States and Canada are listed as the main suppliers of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. products to our country. In 2020, imports from these nations reached 8,896 and Description 3,507 tonnes, respectively. It belongs to the Solanaceae family. The plant is 1 to 3 meters high when fully developed. Its root system is penetrating, although most of the fine roots are found Main buyer Supplier in the most fertile layers of the soil. It produces between 10 and 20 large leaves, 8,182,965* • Nicaragua (Mexican imports) which can be lanceolate, alternate, serrated or petiolated. * USD • United States • Spain Product • Canada • Brazil The leaves are dried, cured and used to make products for smoking or Buyers • Colombia • Greece chewing. The best cigars and cigarettes are made with tobacco that • Netherlands • Mozambique (Mexican exports) • Poland • Turkey meets specific characteristics such as size, color, texture, elasticity, thickness of the main vein and aroma. • Honduras • United Importers and Exporters The raw tobacco international • Dominican States trade exceeds 2.1 million tonnes Republic • Germany • United States • Netherlands per year. In this category, Brazil is • Canada • Chile • Canada • Spain the largest exporter with 500,000 • Poland • Ukraine • Poland • Brazil tonnes per year, while Russia leads • Belgium • Guatemala imports with 160,000 tonnes. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 143 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 19,368 111.8 Volume 5,785 -13,583 -21.2 48.4 tonnes 71.1 107 106 105.2 100.7 Value 94.0 million USD 41.6 -29.5 -29.4 53.2 80.5 86.2 71.1 Increase Decrease 48.7 51.3 41.6 33.5 34.4 31.2 32.8 29.2 23.5 27.1 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 The nicotine contained in the farming and industrial waste of tobacco leaves and Imports Exports plants is used as an agricultural insecticide. These refuse, when applied to cultivated Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) plants and the soil, act as an exterminator of pathogens and germs without the Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec negative side effects that chemical synthetic 10.7 12.9 5.4 11.6 16.2 6.9 7.8 2.4 8.8 2.9 5.6 8.8 insecticides can have. 4.6 8.4 9.7 5.8 2.4 3.9 5.6 6.3 9.6 22.9 11.7 9.1 Imports Exports 137 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Tomatillo 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, the production volume was 767,000 tonnes, 7.7% lower than that (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) of the previous year. This was the (tonnes) 2019-2020 result of a smaller sown area (-5.5%) AVERAGE and lower yields (-3.3%). 694 National total 766,515 -7.7 Annual per capita 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Zacatecas Northeast 139,872 -4.9 consumption 563 2 Sinaloa Northwest 135,499 -15.7 595 3 Jalisco Center-West 83,878 -5.4 4.7 kg 588 4 Puebla Center 50,867 -5.2 661 5 Mexico Center 40,978 684 6 Guanajuato Center-West 39,326 1.4 698 7 Nayarit Northwest 41.5 773 8 Sonora Northwest 32,421 8.5 778 31,475 -28.9 830 767 9 Michoacán Center-West 30,598 -33.7 10 Morelos Center 22,691 10.4 Others 158,911 -7.2 Percentage of the production value by state Zacatecas Sinaloa contributed 16.8% of 13.1 the total national production value, reaching MXN 706 million for the sale of 135,000 tonnes. The municipality of Escuinapa generated a quarter of the value of this state’s production. Sinaloa 16.8 Jalisco 14.1 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of vegetables Surface Volume Value Yield Average Tonnes rural price 4.8% Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 767 4,213 19.3 / tonne 40 0.4 40 5,496 Variations Annual -5.5 -55.4 -4.6 -7.7 -3.2 -3.3 4.8 (%) 2019-2020 -1.9 -28.5 -0.2 3.5 7.1 3.7 3.5 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) There is practically all year round availability in Mexico, with one-third of production obtained during January, July and August. January February March April May June July August September October November December 11.4 8.3 9.6 9.1 7.9 4.3 11.7 10.5 7.2 8.8 5.6 5.6 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 138

Tomatillo 2020 Foreign trade Physalis ixocarpa The rise in exports has continued, reaching an all-time high in volume of just over Description 166,000 tonnes during 2020. It is an annual herbaceous plant that can reach 15 to 60 cm in height. It is not frost tolerant and has a deep and slightly branched pivoting root system. The leaves are Commercial origin-destination alternate, long and ovate. It has a long stem and covered, heart shaped branches. Most of the volume that Mexico sells abroad is allocated to the United States. This Its flowers are monopod, yellowish and with dark spots. demand is mainly driven by the Mexican immigrants that live in the west of the U.S. Product The fruit is approximately 3cm wide. It is spherical, smooth, greenish, Main buyer somewhat sticky and covered by a persistent calyx. Its flavor is 80,629,270* watery, slightly acidic and a bit sweet. • United States * USD Buyers (Mexican exports) • Saudi • Switzerland In 2020, Mexico sold tomatillo to seven Arabia • United countries (one American, three in the Middle • United Kingdom East and three in Europe). Arab • Kuwait Emirates • Denmark Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 82.1 71.6 80.6 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0 73.4 Volume 0 tonnes 64.7 66.6 166,637 164,381 N/A 1.4 Value 54.7 million USD 80.6 71.6 N/A 12.7 50.0 N/A: Does not apply Increase 40.9 34.9 0 0 0 0 0.014 0 0 0.0 NS 0 0 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Because of their niacin content, the consumption of green tomatoes is said Imports Exports NS: Not significant to help break down foods and complex molecules into energy reserves. During the enzymatic process, niacin’s effects are magnified; therefore, the body has more energy. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 7.1 8.4 7.5 8.4 11.0 7.6 7.8 7.3 9.5 9.0 9.5 139 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Grapefruit 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, the area allocated to the cultivation of this citrus was 491,000 (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) hectares, 0.4% higher than the (tonnes) 2019-2020 previous year. Its evolution over time AVERAGE has shown a positive trend, with an 441 National total 490,834 0.4 average annual growth rate of 2.4% over the past 10 years as a result of 397 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 274,303 -3.5 increased market demand. 415 2 Michoacán Center-West 77,436 4.0 425 3 Tamaulipas Northeast 59,241 49.7 Annual per capita 425 4 Nuevo León Northeast 29,486 -12.9 consumption 424 5 Campeche South-Southeast 16,371 -30.5 438 6 Sonora Northwest 11,747 1.3 3.7 kg 442 7 Yucatán South-Southeast 10,305 0.7 460 8 Puebla Center 6,793 16.7 489 9 Sinaloa Northwest 1,551 -0.7 491 10 Tabasco South-Southeast 856 0.5 2,746 -3.7 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Others Percentage of the production value by state Tamaulipas Half of the national revenue for the 12.0 sale of this fruit was generated in Veracruz. The Martínez de la Torre Veracruz municipality contributed 35.6% of 51.5 the total volume and 36.4% of the value of this state's production. Michoacán 15.2 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 2.0% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 491 1,604 24.7 / tonne 21 N/A 20 3,268 Variations Annual 1.1 N/A 1.2 0.4 -3.8 -0.8 -4.2 (%) 2019-2020 1.5 N/A 1.5 2.4 10.8 0.9 8.2 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) Consumers can find greater availability and better prices in the last quarter of the year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 8.5 5.5 7.7 6.5 8.7 5.2 2.9 4.4 7.6 15.3 17.7 10.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 140

World ranking Grapefruit 4th Mexico Mexican citrus farmers maintain the fifth largest world area for grapefruit cultivation in the world, producer from which they obtain 5.3% of the total global production. 490,834 Five out of every ten tonnes produced in the tonnes world come from the fields in China. 2020 Foreign trade In 2020, exports increased by 1.7% compared to the previous year. Likewise, the export volume of juice, pulp and essential oils showed significant increases. Commercial origin-destination Citrus paradisi The United States purchases four out of every ten tonnes that Mexico exports; Description three are bought by Japan and the rest is distributed in nine nations, mainly in The grapefruit or shaddock tree belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is an evergreen Europe. tree that can reach 5 to 6 meters in height, with a rounded top of 2 to 3 meters Main buyer Supplier in circumference and 15 cm wide trunks. The young branches have short and 7,119,736* (Mexican imports) flexible thorns on the leaf axils. The flowers are white with 4 petals. • Japan • United States Product * USD Importers and Exporters They are yellow, globe-shaped fruits measuring between 10 and 15 cm in • United States Buyers diameter. They enclose a juicy, acidic pulp, wrapped in a light yellow Mexico regularly exports fresh and processed leathery peel, but some pink varieties can also be found. (Mexican exports) fruits, juice and essential oils. Sales of processed products represent an opportunity to attract • United • Germany higher revenues. States • Spain • France • United • Netherlands Kingdom • Canada • Guatemala • Russia • Aruba Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 14.2 13.6 14.5 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 13.6 795 0.5 11.4 Volume 21,490 20,694 -63.2 1.7 9.7 tonnes 11.3 8.0 Value million USD 14.5 14.0 -56.3 6.9 8.7 Increase Decrease 5.1 0.392 0.300 0.599 0.450 0.637 0.620 0.532 0.890 1.1 Benefits 0.500 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 The medicinal uses for grapefruit seeds are 2019 2020 multiple. They are a good source of folic Imports acid, iron and calcium; they also contain Exports flavonoids. They are known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties and for being able to eliminate many types of pathogens. Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Exports 1.2 0.9 6.2 12.2 15.9 15.1 28.3 14.7 1.8 0.2 2.2 1.3 8.2 9.7 7.3 3.1 1.8 0.9 1.6 14.5 24.4 15.4 4.2 8.9 141 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Wheat grain 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states The performance of the production of this cereal has decreased in the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) last 10 years. In 2020 2.987 million (tonnes) 2019-2020 tonnes were harvested, a figure AVERAGE National total 2,986,689 -7.9 7.9% lower than in 2019 and 12.6% 3,418 1,532,757 -14.2 lower than the average for the 1 Sonora Northwest 14.0 period in question. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2 Guanajuato Center-West 412,951 17.3 3 Sinaloa Northwest 238,972 -16.0 Annual per capita 4 Baja California Northwest 226,266 0.7 availability 5 Michoacán Center-West 187,666 -22.2 6 Jalisco Center-West 107,595 47.6 -21.3 3,628 7 Tlaxcala Center 92,390 -54.0 3,274 63,657 -6.4 3,357 8 Chihuahua Northeast 23,149 -0.3 3,670 21,618 3,711 79,668 3,863 3,504 2,943 3,244 2,987 9 Nuevo León Northeast 10 Baja California Sur Northwest Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 51.4 Baja Sonora continues to be the main California producer in the country. In 2020, the value of this state's production 8.6 increased by 4.8%. It was MXN 338 million higher than the revenues obtained in 2019. 53.1 kg Guanajuato 14.8 Share in the national 2020 Indicators Average production of grains rural price Volume Value Surface Yield Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN tonnes MXN /hectare / tonne 9.7% Thousand hectares 2,987 14,350 567 6 561 -7.9 11.4 5.3 4,805 Variations Annual -5.2 -49.3 -4.3 -3.8 21.0 (%) 2019-2020 -2.5 -21.5 -1.8 -2.1 1.1 -0.3 3.3 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) More than 90% of the country's wheat grain is harvested In just three months (April-June). January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.7 0.1 0.1 10.1 61.5 21.0 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.3 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 142

World ranking 34th Domestic harvests represented 0.4% of the total Wheat grain world international production volume. producer Mexico Among the 126 wheat producer nations in the 2,986,689 world, China holds the first place due to its excellent yields: 5.6 tonnes per hectare. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Triticum L. Our country's international wheat trade goes both ways. On the one hand, it Description acquires soft grain to meet the demand of the baking industry, while on the It is a grassy plant which can reach 30 to 150 cm in height. The stem is straight and other it exports durum grain that is used for pasta production. cylindrical. The leaf is lanceolate, with a width of 0.5 to 1 cm and a length of 15 to 25 cm. Each plant has 4 to 6 leaves. Its inflorescence is a spike composed of a central Commercial origin-destination stalk of short internodes called spine. The flower consists of a pistil, 3 stamens and is Over the past eight years, domestic imports have been sourced from various protected by 2 green bracts or glumes. suppliers, including the United States, Canada, Russia and Ukraine. On the other hand, the volume exported by Mexico in 2020 was acquired by Algeria, Turkey, Product Venezuela, Italy and Guatemala. The seed is an oval-shaped caryopsis with rounded ends. On one of them, the Main buyer Supplier germ stands proud and on the other there is a strand of fine hair known 69,479,294* as the beard. It contains the protein called gluten, which facilitates the • Argelia (Mexican imports) elaboration of high quality yeasts that are necessary in baking. * USD • United States • France • Canada • Ukraine • Russia Buyers Importers and Exporters • United States (Mexican exports) • Turkey • Guatemala • Italy • United • Venezuela Emirates Egypt is the world leader in imports; it acquired 9.6 million tonnes with a value of USD 2.694 billion in 2020. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 1,425 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 4,409,147 615,511 -3,793,636 1,296 1,267 Volume tonnes 1,027 1,224 -8.8 -22.4 Value 1,105 1,064 million USD 981 1,027 1,027 926 162 -864 -3.5 -19.4 Decrease 404 407 299 309 256 247 222 201 144 162 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Wheat germ and its oil, which are very rich in vitamins and minerals, improve Imports Exports physical fitness and resistance to fatigue. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11.0 8.8 7.2 11.3 6.0 7.7 8.0 7.7 9.1 8.5 6.8 7.9 2.5 8.5 8.3 26.8 22.1 3.7 2.4 0.0 11.6 9.6 0.0 4.5 143 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Table grape 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, 27,000 hectares were sown and a production of 380,000 tonnes (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) was obtained, which was 25.6% more (tonnes) 2019-2020 than the average for the last 10 years, AVERAGE but 6.7% less than the previous year's 303 National total 380,001 -6.7 record. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Sonora Northwest 320,990 -8.5 Annual per capita 42,935 3.1 consumption 2 Zacatecas Northeast 6,890 5,429 19.4 3 Aguascalientes Center-West 1,980 20.2 946 4 Baja California Northwest 476 4.5 150 1.9 5 Jalisco Center-West 102 -13.2 78 29.9 6 Coahuila Northeast 25 -87.3 30.3 198 7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 2.8 280 259 8 Puebla Center 247 283 256 340 375 407 380 9 Guanajuato Center-West 10 Baja California Sur Northwest Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 92.2 Sonora contributed 92.2% of the total national production value with MXN 9.297 billion. The municipality of Hermosillo generated half of the total value of state’s production. Zacatecas 4.9 Aguascalientes 1.0 2.2 kg Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 1.6% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 380 10,083 15.2 / tonne 27 N/A 25 26,535 Variations Annual 4.8 N/A 2.5 -6.7 -2.4 -8.9 4.6 (%) 2019-2020 5.6 N/A 4.8 7.5 10.0 2.6 2.4 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) About 90% of the production is obtained from June to August. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 38.7 32.8 17.4 2.9 0.7 0.4 0.2 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 144

World ranking Table grape 25th Mexico Mexican viticulture continued to incorporate world more area. It is estimated that in the medium producer term it will reach a volume of 500,000 tonnes. 380,001 With an annual harvest of 14.3 million tonnes, China doubles the grape production of Italy, the tonnes nation with the second largest production. 2020 Foreign trade Of the total volume of table grape harvested in Mexico during 2020, Mexico allocated 53.7% to the international market, while imports amounted to 99,302 tonnes. Commercial origin-destination Vitis vinifera Between 2019 and 2020, the number of destination nations for Mexican grapes Description increased from 13 to 21, with South Korea being one of the most recent addition The grapevine, in its wild state, is a vine which curls and climbs on a support with its stems to the list. On the other hand, imports to Mexico recorded an annual increase of 9% in volume and 14.6% in value. and tendrils in search of light. The aerial part includes the trunk, branches and buds (also called clusters), and the leaves emerge from the nodes. The inflorescence of the grapevine is known as a cluster and the grape is its fruit. Grapevine plantations are called vineyards. Main buyer Supplier Product 268,861,393* • United States (Mexican imports) • Egypt The fruits are spherical, fleshy, very juicy and they grow in clusters. The • Canada * USD • United States • China skin is thin and resistant, its color varies from lemon green to purplish • Peru • France • Chile red. The pulp is aromatic and has a sweet taste. It is rich in vitamins • Colombia Buyers A, C, E, B1, B2, B3 and B6 and in minerals such as calcium, (Mexican exports) The United States phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, is listed as the largest zinc, folic • Japan • El Salvador Importers and Exporters international buyer of this • Australia • Panama acid, glucose and fructose. It is known as table • Belize • Ecuador • United States • Canada grape when consumed while • Guatemala • Honduras • Chile • France • Costa Rica • South Korea • China fruit, purchasing the largest f resh. volumes from three countries in the Americas: Chile, Mexico and Peru. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 246 293 281 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 99,302 Volume 204,125 104,823 9.0 -7.0 tonnes 180 198 Value 179.6 million USD 281 101 14.6 -4.2 160 150 153 160 162 156.7 Increase Decrease 140 132.9 142.5 114.8 122.9 124.5 120.5 113.7 97.6 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Benefits Imports Exports Grape seed extract stimulates the activity of vitamin C in the body and acts as a good neutralizer of free radicals. It helps to make tissues more flexible, heal wounds, reduce swelling, restore collagen and improve peripheral circulation, preventing bruising and strengthening blood vessels. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.0 8.5 10.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 6.7 8.2 14.5 17.0 22.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 11.5 76.4 9.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 145 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Industrial 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state grape volume Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) Grapes are the main input for the (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 wine industry. In 2020, production grew by 12.1% compared to the AVERAGE National total 73,519 12.1 previous year, derived from an 72 increase of 12.7% in the sown area 1 Zacatecas Northeast 29,141 2.9 and of 4.3% in the yield obtained. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2 Baja California Northwest 24,751 14.4 3 Aguascalientes Center-West 6,867 5.2 3,565 -13.6 4 Coahuila Northeast 2,848 84.3 5 Querétaro Center-West 6 Guanajuato Center-West 2,665 275.9 7 Chihuahua Northeast 1,630 62.0 71 8 Sonora Northwest 1,625 12.8 82 79 9 San Luis Potosí Center-West 398 81.8 Variations 10 Nuevo León Northeast 29 -8.4 (%) 76 Percentage of the production value by state 73 81 Coahuila Zacatecas is the leader in industrial 65 5.5 grape production, contributing 56 39.6% to the total national harvest. 66Baja However, Baja California obtains 74California the highest income from the sale of the crop: MXN 455 million. This 51.7 represents 51.7% of the Mexican total production value of this fruit. Zacatecas 24.6 Share in the national 2020 Indicators Average production of fruits rural price Volume Value Surface Yield MXN / tonne Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes tonnes MXN /hectare 11,973 0.3% Thousand hectares 74 10.2 8 N/A 8 12.1 880 9.4 0.4 9.4 Annual 12.7 N/A 7.5 23.6 4.3 2019-2020 Does not apply 1.5 N/A 1.3 9.8 -0.9 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Wine producers and industrial grape processors get most of their supply during the months of July and August. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 7.9 17.5 43.2 20.6 0.6 5.2 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 146

2020 Foreign trade in grape juice, must and wine Industrial grape Mexico's international trade in grape products consists of a commercial flow in which wines are imported to a greater extent and juices are the main exports. During 2020, wine imports reached 73.119 million liters, while juice exports exceeded 1.809 million liters. Commercial origin-destination Most of the imports made by Mexico come rom wine-producing countries such as Spain, Chile, Argentina, Italy and France while the United States and Japan are the main destinations for Mexican exports. Main buyer Supplier 8,979,845* (Mexican imports) • United States • Spain • Germany Vitis vinífera * USD • Italy • Portugal • Chile • Australia Description Buyers • France • New The grapevine, in its wild state, is a vine which curls and climbs on a support with its • Argentina Zeeland stems and tendrils in search of light. The aerial part includes the trunk, branches and (Mexican exports) • United States buds (also called clusters), and the leaves emerge from the nodes. The inflorescence • Japan • Belize Importers and Exporters of the grapevine is known as a cluster and the grape is its fruit. Grapevine • Dominican • Netherlands plantations are called vineyards. Republic • United • Spain • Germany • Canada Kingdom • Italy • Japan Product • Guatemala • France • Chile • Canada The fruits are spherical, fleshy, very juicy and they grow in clusters. The skin • El Salvador • China • France • Dominican • United States Republic is thin and resistant, its color varies from lemon green to purplish red. • Argentina The pulp is aromatic and has a sweet taste. It is rich in vitamins A, C, The United States is among the largest E, B1, B2, B3 and B6 and in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, importers of grape derivatives, with 81.1% sodium, potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, folic of its purchases being wines and 18.9% acid, glucose and fructose. It is known as table grape juices and musts. when consumed while fresh. It is used as an input for the production of wines, musts and vinegars. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 328 324 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 313 309 84.3 Volume 261 296 294 295 million liters 271 274 261 Value 3.9 -80.5 -14.0 14.3 million USD 17.2 -244 -19.2 -34.2 Increase Decrease 18.8 20.1 15.6 15.9 15.5 19.7 26.2 17.2 Benefits Of the polyphenols present in red wine, 14.5 13.7 both flavonoids and non-flavonoids lower the levels of low-density lipoproteins. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 147 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.2 8.2 8.7 5.0 6.3 7.0 6.0 7.7 9.3 10.3 11.0 11.3 8.4 6.3 8.1 8.7 7.4 6.2 10.1 8.1 10.5 7.8 10.9 7.5

Raisins 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 National total AVERAGE 16,840 2.5 14 16,525 3.7 1 Sonora Northwest 315 -37.4 2 Baja California Northwest 122011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 13 12 Percentage of the production value by state In 2020, 3,800 hectares were Variations Sonora cultivated, which generated a 97.2 production of 17,000 tonnes, a (%) 13 figure 2.5% higher than what 14Baja The commercialization of 17,000 was achieved in 2019. This is the 14California tonnes in Sonora generated a result of an increase of 0.8% in the 11 revenue of MXN 284 million, which sown area and 1.7% in the yield 142.8 represented 97% of the total obtained. 16 national production value. Of the 17 two producing municipalities in Annual per capita the state, Caborca contributes consumption 94.1% of the state’s total production value. 212 g Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 0.1% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 17 292 4.5 / tonne 4 N/A 4 17,330 Annual 0.8 N/A 0.8 2.5 5.5 1.7 2.9 2019-2020 -0.5 N/A -0.2 4.0 13.2 4.3 8.9 AAGR 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) Consumers’ demand is mainly supplied during the months of July and August. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 49.1 43.8 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 148

Raisins 2020 Foreign trade Mexico is experiencing a trade deficit, as the volume imported exceeds the exports by nine-fold. However, the rebound in domestic production in 2020 resulted in an 11.3% decline in the volume purchased from other nations. Commercial origin-destination In the last two years, imports to the country came from 13 nations. However, Vitis vinífera during 2020, the most relevant were those from Chile and the United States with 5,892 and 5,312 tonnes, respectively. Description They are bushes with lively, woody climbing stems with tendrils opposing the leaves, Main buyer Supplier 1,056,686* which are alternate and generally stipulated. They have small flowers that come • United States (Mexican imports) in pairs and are almost always hermaphrodite. The inflorescence is formed of * USD • United States • Spain compound clusters. The leaves are where most of the vital functions of the plant • Chile • United (perspiration, respiration and photosynthesis) happen and where the molecules • India Kingdom • Peru • Italy of acids, sugars, etc. are formed. These accumulate in the grape's fruit, • Colombia • South Africa affecting its flavor. Buyers Product (Mexican exports) The global volume of They are medium-sized, golden-colored grapes, with or without imports exceeds 545,000 seeds, and are obtained by dehydrating fresh grapes. They • Guatemala • Panama Importers and Exporters tonnes per year. This trade are regularly grouped with nuts, and this group of • Belize • United flow includes acquisitions foods is highly appreciated for cooking or to • Chile Arab • United States snack. • Honduras Emirates • Chile • Cuba • Venezuela from the United Kingdom (98,000 tonnes), Germany (81,000 tonnes) and the Netherlands (51,000 tonnes). Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 33.0 34.4 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 11,557 30.0 31.1 30.0 Volume 22.8 tonnes 1,345 -10,212 -11.3 0.6 Value 25.5 25.1 million USD 1.3 -21.5 -9.2 -3.6 22.8 Increase Decrease 19.4 15.8 2.3 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.3 Benefits Grapes have good amounts of lutein and 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 zeaxanthin (types of vitamin A), which reduce the chance of cataracts and Imports Exports macular degeneration. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) 149 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.3 5.8 8.4 6.9 5.6 6.3 5.8 8.0 10.7 9.8 13.6 8.8 6.2 4.5 10.1 4.3 1.4 7.6 11.0 10.0 11.4 10.9 7.9 14.7