FOOD & AGRICULTURAL OVERVIEW 2022

LA WATERMELON Food & Agricultural EL CORN EL BEAN LA POTATO OVERVIEW Connecting ancestral and modern knowledge to achieve agri-food self-sufficiency EL PIG EL ASPARAGUS LA LOBSTER LA ROSE EL COW EL AVOCADO EL OCTOPUS EL COFFEE LA PEAR EL SHRIMP LA APPLE LA LETTUCE

Food & Agricultural OVERVIEW

FOOD, AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE (SIAP) 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 2021 Edition © Food, Agricultural and Fisheries Information Service Benjamín Franklin 146, Colonia Escandón, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11800, Mexico City. The partial or total, direct or indirect reproduction of the content of this work is prohibited, without prior, explicit and written consent from the editors, under the terms established by the Federal Law on Copyright and, when appropriate, by applicable international treaties. The person infringing these provisions will be subject to the corresponding legal sanctions. Impreso y hecho en México Printed and made in Mexico

DIRECTORY Dr. Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula Patricia Ornelas Ruiz Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development Chief Director of the Food, Agricultural and Fisheries Information Service Víctor Suárez Carrera Undersecretary of Food and Competitiveness Leobigildo Córdova Téllez Head of the National Seed Inspection and Salvador Fernández Rivera Certification Service General Coordinator of Rural Development Francisco Javier Trujillo Arriaga Ignacio Ovalle Fernández Chief Director of the National Service of Health, General Director of Mexican Food Security Safety and Agri-food Quality Arturo Macosay Córdova Luis Ángel Rodríguez del Bosque General Coordinator of Livestock In charge of the affairs office of the the General Directorate of the National Institute of Forestry, Marbella Flores Téllez Agricultural and Livestock Research Head of the Administration and Finance Unit Francisco Javier Delgado Mendoza Francisco Conzuelo Gutiérrez General Director of the Shared Risk Trust General Attorney Ramón Antonio Sandoval Noriega Francisco Vázquez Salazar Genera Director of the National Commission for Arid General Coordinator of Social Communication Zones Ramón Osuna Quevedo Raymundo Vázquez Gómez General Coordinator of Delegations General Director of the National Institute for the Development of Capacities of the Rural Sector Octavio Alberto Almada Palafox National Commissioner of Aquaculture and Fisheries

AGRICULTURAL SUBSECTOR INDEX Mexican fruits and vegetables: a contribution to global nutrition 28 In the times of COVID: agricultural products that strengthen our immune system 29 Introduction 7 Tequila agave 30 Food, Agricultural and Fisheries Information Avocado 32 Service (SIAP): information that nourishes 8 Sesame 34 Agro Oferta: technology that serves 10 Green Alfalfa 36 Mexico’s countryside and oceans Who generates the agricultural and Cottonseed 38 fisheries production in Mexico? 11 Amaranth 40 Agri-food infrastructure: operational Blueberry 42 capacity of the sector 12 Paddy rice 44 Mexico Reception Station (ERMEX): 13 Fodder oats 46 permanent monitoring of the territory Estimation of the Mexican Oat grain 48 agricultural surface 14 Eggplant 50 The agricultural frontier in Mexico: a place Broccoli 52 where wellbeing is sown 15 Protected agriculture in Mexico: a different Cacao 54 way to grow crops 16 Coffee cherry 56 Identification of sown land: the Production for Zucchini 58 Welfare Program (PPB) 17 Sugarcane 60 Single Register of Producers in the agri-food Marzipan: a Mexican creation? 61 and fisheries sector 18 Vulnerability in agricultural areas: water Safflower 64 availability in dams 19 Barley grain 66 Mexico: the agri-food sector in figures 20 Onion 68 Mexican agri-food products in Green chili 70 international markets 21 Cauliflower 72 Mexico's agri-food export sector 22 Copra and coconut 74 Agri-food regions of Mexico 23 Peach 76 2020 Agricultural calendar 25 Asparagus 78 Raspberry 80 Strawberry 82 Bean 84

Chickpea 86 The national vineyards and wine industry 150 Gerbera 88 Guava 90 Blackberry 152 Tomato 92 Lettuce 94 LIVESTOCK SUBSECTOR 156 Lime 96 Poultry meat in carcass 158 Fodder maize 98 Beef in carcass 160 Maize grain 100 Goat meat in carcass 162 Mango 102 Mutton meat in carcass 164 Apple 104 Pork in carcass 166 Cantaloupe Table egg 168 Orange 106 Bovine milk 170 Nopal 108 Goat milk 172 Nuts 110 Honey 174 Potato 112 Papaya 114 The honey export route Cucumber 116 Pear 118 FISHERIES SUBSECTOR 178 Pineapple 120 Tuna 180 Banana Shrimp 182 Rose 122 Lobster 184 Watermelon 124 Bream 186 Fodder sorghum 126 Octopus 188 Sorghum grain 128 Sardine Soy 130 190 Tobacco 132 The reduction of food loss and waste to 191 Tomatillo 134 foster food security and self-sufficiency Grapef ruit 136 Mexican Food Banks Wheat grain 138 Table grape 140 Acronyms 194 Industrial grape 142 Glossary 195 Raisins 144 General information sources 197 146 Methodological notes 198 148 Products and tariff codes 200



INTRODUCTION 2020 represented a turning point for the world. Although in the past we have suffered from plagues, diseases and pandemics — from which we have emerged stronger in Dr. Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula most cases — it is clear to us that the emergence and subsequent spread of COVID-19 was an unprecedented event, which came with the additional burden of a series of Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development. economic and social uncertainties. One of them was undoubtedly the timely supply of food to all regions. It is necessary to emphasize that, despite this adverse scenario, the agri-food sector of the world, but especially that of our country, did not fail. On the contrary: it delivered and even overdelivered thanks to the daily contributions of farmers, ranchers, fishermen, fish farmers, day laborers, transporters and agro-industrialists, in short, of all the members of the agri-food chains who held their heads high and who did not stop working; even though they were also exposed to the effects of COVID-19. Thus, in the most intense year of this pandemic, the national primary sector registered a positive growth, annualized to the second quarter of 2021, of 4.5% compared to the same figure of the previous year. All of this is confirmed and demonstrated with the facts and figures offered by the Food, Agricultural and Fisheries Information Service (SIAP), through its annual publication: \"2021 Food & Agricultural Overview”. The work – of collecting, analyzing, validating and disseminating statistical and geospatial information of the sector – carried out by this organization, allows us to know that, in the period when COVID-19 had its highest impact, the country: cultivated 21.7 million hectares; fished 1.9 million tonnes and produced 7.4 million tonnes of meat. All of this makes for a total volume of agricultural and fisheries production of 290.7 million tonnes (1.04% more than in 2019), which allowed food to reach the markets and tables of Mexican families every day. Likewise, the value of the production reached MXN 1.241676 trillion, which was 3.4% higher than the 2019 registered figure. Likewise, international commitments were met, which generated a significant amount of foreign exchange and a favorable trade balance. In this sense, it is possible to assert that Mexico consolidated itself as an exporting power by achieving a presence in 192 countries; but, above all, by achieving a new historical maximum of foreign sales for USD 39.125 billion, placing us as the country with the 7th largest exports and obtaining 3.6 times more foreign currency than foreign tourism (10.996 billion USD) and 2.2 times more than oil exports (USD 17.484 billion). This foreign trade figure was 4.1% higher than that reached in 2019. Thus, the dynamism of agri-food exports allowed a trade surplus of USD 11.958 billion, which represents a 2.2x growth from the 2017 figure. These figures are evidence of us being on the right track to meet the objective of generating a new development model and public policies for the countryside, allowing to increase productivity for national consumption, based on criteria of inclusion and sustainability, contribute to national food security and the well-being of our population, as instructed at the start of his term by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. It is clear that our country has an important agricultural and fishing vocation, which we must continue to support and of which we should be proud, because its activity did not stop and, therefore, the strength that it demonstrated in this dark period, places it as a fundamental component in the economic recovery to come. We hope that this book, published by the Ministry of Agriculture through the SIAP, will serve as a tribute to all those who are part of the agri-food chain; to those that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has aptly called \"Food Heroes.\" 7 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23



25





28

29

Tequila 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume by state agave volume Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) The average production of the last (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 5 years was 1% lower than that of 2020 (1.519 million tonnes), although AVERAGE National total 1,519,421 0.4 in this same period the area sown 1,583 increased 19.7%. The crop takes 7 1 Jalisco Center-West 1,128,635 -0.2 to 8 years to start producing on 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2 Guanajuato Center-West 216,603 4.7 average, when the process known as 3 Nayarit Northwest jima is carried out. 4 Michoacán Center-West 63,829 -25.3 5 Sinaloa Northwest 42,969 26.9 Annual per capita 32,280 44.9 consumption of tequila 6 México Center 16,734 0.1 512 ml 7 Zacatecas Northeast 9,761 -32.1 1,281 8 Durango Northeast 4,954 NA 1,426 1,653 9 Guerrero Center 2,396 -13.5 2,191 1,642 1,668 1,501 1,440 1,513 1,519 10 Morelos Center 1,212 573.3 Remainder 50 NA Percentage of the production value by state In 2020, Jalisco brought in 74.3% of the national production, the higher prices contributed to generate revenues of MXN 24.650 billion in the state. Guanajuato 12.5 Nayarit 3.6 Jalisco 78.7 Share in the national Surface 2020 Indicators Yield Average production of agro- rural price Volume Value industrials Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 2.5% Thousand hectares 1,519 31,339 20,625 77.6 111 NA 20 Variations (%) Annual 7.5 NA 0.4 0.4 7.8 0.1 7.4 2019-2020 AAGR -2.4 NA 4.6 1.9 39.9 -2.6 37.2 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) The highest production of tequila agave occurs in the last months of the year, which coincides with the high demand of the year-end festivities. January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.6 8.4 7.9 8.3 11.4 7.1 6.4 8.6 6.2 8.2 11.4 10.5 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 30

Tequila 2020 Tequila Foreign Trade Blue Agave tequilana var. Weber The international recognition of the designation of origin of Mexican tequila gives Description a comparative advantage to those who participate in the entire production chain. It is a perennial plant from arid areas. They are bushy plants, distinguished by their During 2020, Mexico exported 308.6 million liters of this drink; of which 8 out of every 10 liters produced are consumed in other nations. long, narrow and rigid blue fronds or pencas—which are the leaf stems. In the center of the heart or piña (meaning “pineapple”), a natural juice is accumulated, Commercial origin-destination which is high in fructose and vitamins, as well as fatty particles that provide its Although this national drink has a presence in over 101 countries, about 90% of the distinct taste and smell. exports made during 2020 went to the US market, which acquired 277.8 million liters. Product It has the shape of a pineapple, from which the pencas stem, Main buyer sometimes ending in sharp points. The heart or piña of the agave is the usable part. In order to obtain tequila, six processes are 2,093,261,544* carried out: the cutting or jima, cooking the piñas, crushing, • United States fermentation, distillation and aging. * USD Buyers Of the volume that Mexico exports to the United States, 35.2% is sold in containers of (Mexican exports) more than four liters. • United • Latvia Kingdom • Colombia • Canada • Japan • Australia • Italy • Germany • France • Spain Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 2,355 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0 1,874 Volume 0 308.6 308.6 NA 37.1 million liters 1,582 Value 1,340 million USD 2,355 2,355 NA 25.6 1,187 1,203 NA: Does not apply Increase 1,172 997 831 859 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 Benefits Tequila can dissolve fats in the body, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 so it favors the reduction of bad cholesterol. Imports Exports 31 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 6.0 7.4 7.4 5.2 6.0 7.8 7.4 18.7 8.4 10.5 9.9

Avocado 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states Also known as \"green gold\" for its export value, during 2020, the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) vvhectares of which about 93% is in (tonnes) 2019-2020 production; generating a volume AVERAGE of 2.394 million tonnes. This crop’s 1,801 National total 2,393,849 4.0 production has been growing for more than 10 years, registering an 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Michoacán Center-West 1,800,021 4.3 average annual growth rate of 7.4%. 1,264 2 Jalisco Center-West 248,193 7.2 1,316 3 México Center 118,268 0.8 1,468 4 Nayarit Northwest 69,985 4.4 1,521 5 Morelos Center 50,410 -5.5 1,644 6 Guerrero Center 19,997 2.6 1,889 7 Puebla Center 16,910 -0.7 2,030 8 Chiapas South-Southeast 16,220 -2.3 2,185 9 Oaxaca South-Southeast 12,782 7.2 2,301 10 Yucatan South-Southeast 9,977 -7.4 2,394 31,085 1.8 Remainder Percentage of the production value by state In 2020, Michoacán registered a production of 1.8 million tonnes, which represented an annual increase of 4.3%, achieving a production value of MXN 39.623 billion. Annual per capita Estado consumption de México 8.1 kg 4.3 Jalisco 8.5 Michoacán 80.3 Share in the national Surface 2020 Indicators Yield Average production of fruits rural price Volume Value MXN Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes / tonne tonnes MXN / hectare 10.0% Thousand hectares 2,394 49,369 20,623 10.7 241 NA 224 -4.1 Variations (%) Annual 2.9 NA 3.9 4.0 -0.2 0.1 4.1 2019-2020 Does not apply AAGR 6.0 NA 6.6 7.4 11.8 0.7 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Intensive cultivation allows Mexico to have year-long availability of the fruit, which guarantees fresh product for both the national and international markets. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.5 8.4 8.6 6.6 7.2 7.1 7.7 8.2 9.3 9.1 9.6 10.7 Increased availability Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 32

World Ranking Avocado 1st México Mexico reaffirmed its position as an avocado production leader with 32% of the world`s world volume. producer Dominican Republic gets the highest yields in 2,393,849 avocado cultivation. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade The increase in production, as well as the growing external demand, have allowed Mexico to obtain record-breaking numbers in exports every year. During 2020, the foreign sales registered 1.358 million tonnes, which reached a commercial value of USD 2.958 billion and 51 destination countries. Commercial origin-destination Persea americana Mill The largest volume of Mexican exports still goes to the United States, with 1.045 million tonnes. Canada is in second place, with 92,000 tonnes; and in third is Description Japan with 71,000. The avocado tree is leafy and evergreen. Its flowers are perfect, in clusters, and each one blooms at two different and separate moments: that is, the female and male organs are functional at different times, which prevents self-pollination. The flowers bloom first as female, then close for a period of time and then open as male in Main buyer Supplier their second blooming. Each tree can produce up to one million flowers, of 2,290,580,249* which 0.1% is transformed into fruit. (Mexican imports) • United States • Colombia • United Product • Peru States * USD • Japan • Canada The fruit is a berry with an oval seed, with a smooth or rough surface, weighting between 120 and 500 g. It is greenish in color and can Buyers In the international (Mexican exports) Importers and Exporters market, Mexico is have thin or thick skin. When ripe, the pulp has a consistency the largest exporter similar to hard butter and its taste is slightly reminiscent • Canada Kingdom • United States of avocado and its of nuts. It is rich in proteins and fats, with an oil • Canada derivatives. In 2020, sales content • Japan • Honduras • Japan of 10 to 20 percent. • Spain • El Salvador reached USD 3.463 billion. Of • Netherlands • China that flow, 83.5% corresponds to fresh • France • South Korea • United fruit, 8.9% to guacamole, 5.5% to oil and 2.1% to pulp. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 3,201 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 3,322 2,961 2,958 9.5 2,744 Volume 1,358,063 1,354,741 45.2 6.1 tonnes 2.317 Value million USD 2,958 2,949 11.9 -7.6 1,920 Increase Decrease 1,623 1,270 951 1,010 3.3 0.131 2.3 0.090 0 1.3 2.9 1.4 8.5 9.5 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Avocado peel has been used to repel parasites and treat dysentery. The Imports Exports leaves are chewed to cure diarrhea, wounds, throat infections and intestinal problems. Powdered seeds are used to prevent and eliminate dandruff. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.8 16.4 9.0 5.0 4.1 8.8 13.3 15.7 10.7 0.0 8.2 5.0 9.7 7.4 9.0 6.4 6.9 7.6 5.3 7.0 9.1 11.0 9.9 10.7 33 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Sesame 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, 85,000 hectares were sown, which generated a production of (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) 52,000 tonnes and a yield of 0.66 (tonnes) 2019-2020 tonnes/ha. The volume was 10.1% AVERAGE lower than the previous year and 52 National total 51,997 -10.1 equal to the average of the last 10 years. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Guerrero Center 16,037 19.3 2 Sinaloa Northwest 15,981 -36.3 Annual per capita 3 Michoacán Center-West 6,780 consumption 4 Oaxaca South-Southeast 6,063 4.7 5 Chiapas South-Southeast 4,235 5.9 6 Sonora Northwest 2.2 7 Tamaulipas Northeast 835 -24.6 8 Jalisco Center-West 731 73.0 625 -7.1 41 9 Veracruz South-Southeast 590 27.7 42 42 10 Puebla Center 99 19.1 Variations (%) 65 52 Remainder 20 -90.0 59 55Percentage of the production value by state 57 58 Although Guerrero was the producer 52 with the highest volume, the highest production value was obtained in Sinaloa with MXN 339 million, which represented 34.9% of the national value. The price per tonne registered during 2020 in that state increased 1.7%. Sinaloa 34.9 700 g Guerrero 28.9 Oaxaca 12.2 Share in the national 2020 Indicators Average production of oilseeds rural price Volume Value Surface Yield Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 10.5% Thousand hectares 52 972 18,693 0.7 85 7 79 Annual 2.3 301.8 -3.9 -10.1 -12.9 -6.4 -3.2 2019-2020 AAGR -1.6 -14.3 1.1 2.8 6.8 1.7 3.9 2011-2020 Decrease National monthly production (%) Increase The highest production availability is recorded from November to February, which allows for exports; while in the months of low or no volume, imports are used. January February March April May June July August September October November December 17.6 4.6 1.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 42.1 27.8 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 34

World Ranking Sesame 17th México Mexico obtained 0.9% of the world's world production volume. The national yield producer was 2.8 tonnes lower than that recorded by Lebanon, the country with the highest 51,997 productivity. tonnes Sudan leads the world production of this seed with 18 out of every 100 tonnes. 2020 Foreign trade Half of the Mexican consumption is satisfied with volume acquired from other nations. During 2020, purchases reached 37,645 tonnes, which meant a year-on- year increase of 10.2%, which was attributed to the lower harvest in the country. Commercial origin-destination Paraguay became the main supplier, displacing the United States. More than Sesamum indicum L. half of the annual total was imported these two countries. Of the total volume of Mexican exports, 64.8% was destined for the United States and Japan. Description It is a herbaceous plant with many roots, angled and branched stems, which is also known as benniseed. Its average height varies between 60 and 130 cm. With opposite leaves, it has white, reddish or yellow flowers. It shows some resistance to droughts and a high relative humidity is unfavorable for its growth. Main buyer Supplier • Bolivia Product 5,364,597* • Argentina The fruit is a capsule that stores a large number of tiny seeds. From them, • United States (Mexican imports) • Nigeria edible oil that has a pleasant taste is extracted. The seeds measure 1.5 to • Ethiopia * USD • Paraguay • Israel 3.0 mm in length. They are oval, flattened • Venezuela and smooth. Buyers • United States • India Every year, China (Mexican exports) • Nicaragua positions itself as the main international buyer of sesame. • Japan • Singapore Importers and Exporters Between 2019 and 2020, it • Netherlands • United increased its import volume by • Taiwan Kingdom • United States • Israel 25.1%, going from 812,000 to more than • Russia • Spain • Venezuela • China • Brazil • Argentina • Argentina • Australia 1,000,000 tonnes. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 53.6 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 37,645 47.4 Volume tonnes 44.7 44.7 6,245 -31,400 10.2 -44.0 Value 36.4 million USD 15.5 -29.2 -5.7 -47.9 28.8 29.0 29.8 Increase Decrease 23.7 25.6 26.1 25.5 21.3 22.5 22.3 22.7 22.1 21.0 16.4 14.7 15.5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Benefits Imports Exports Sesame has the property of slowing the aging of cells, thus increasing life expectancy in conditions of optimal health. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.7 4.9 4.8 5.2 10.1 11.4 18.7 11.1 11.4 9.3 6.2 3.2 7.1 5.7 3.0 7.8 15.0 12.0 12.0 7.0 5.5 10.4 4.2 10.3 35 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Green Alfalfa 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (tonnes) 2019-2020 AVERAGE 32,479 National total 34,819,287 0.3 1 Chihuahua Northeast 8,146,513 0.4 4,534,169 -1.0 2 Hidalgo Center 3,823,516 3.3 2,846,413 3.3 3 Guanajuato Center-West 2,696,026 3.6 2,142,082 0.6 4 Durango Northeast 1,865,004 0.4 1,589,082 -2.0 5 Baja California Northwest 28,248 6 Sonora Northwest 31,020 31,271 7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 31,538 32,575 8 Coahuila Northeast 33,120 33,786 33,712 34,706 34,819 9 Puebla Center 1,583,936 0.7 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 10 Zacatecas Northeast 1,439,618 1.0 Remainder 4,152,928 -4.4 Percentage of the production value by state It is mainly used as fodder for Chihuahua The production of Chihuahua animals and is harvested 5 or 6 26.1 was 8.1 million tonnes, 0.4% more times a year on average, making than what was obtained in 2019, it one of the crops with the while sales revenues reached highest production volume in our MXN 5.267 billion. country. In 2020, 392,000 hectares were sown, which generated a production of 34.819 million tonnes and a yield of 88.8 tonnes / ha. During the last 10 years the average growth rate was 1.9%. Durango 9.1 Guanajuato 13.1 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fodders Surface Volume Value Yield Average 27.2% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 34,819 20,190 88.8 / tonne 392 NA 392 580 Variations (%) Annual 0.8 NA 0.8 0.3 0.7 -0.5 0.4 2019-2020 AAGR 0.1 NA 0.5 2.4 5.0 1.9 2.6 2011-2020 National monthly production (%) Increase Decrease Does not apply The harvest season with the highest volumes in Mexico happens during the months of April to September, a period in which the irrigation systems and the rainy season are used in conjunction. January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.9 5.3 7.6 11.1 11.4 12.0 11.6 11.0 10.2 5.9 5.4 4.6 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 36

Green Alfalfa 2020 Foreign trade For a third year in a row, exports increased. The favorable behavior of the domestic production, derived from a greater sown area and better yields, was the factor that fostered the increase in foreign sales, which reached 18.8% between 2019 and 2020. Commercial origin-destination Medicago sativa L. Imports from the United States, the main buyer in 2020, were 28,829 tonnes Description higher than those registered in 2019. Also relevant were those made by the It is a perennial plant that reaches up to 1 m in height. It belongs to the legume family. United Arab Emirates, with a volume of 23,993 tonnes. Because it can root at great depths, it can reach more nutrient reserves than the average crop and withstand extreme droughts. It also fixes nitrogen in the soil. It has a life cycle of between 4 and 10 years, depending on the variety used. Main buyer Supplier Product 17,096,223* • United States (Mexican imports) Its stems are thin and erect, with small, bright, green trifoliate leaves. The * USD • United States • Argentina margins are smooth and the upper edges slightly jagged, with blue or • France • Spain • Germany • China purple flowers. It is a forage high in protein and energetic value, also rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals. That is why it is highly used as Buyers More than 65 nations cattle feed (mainly for bovines and sheep). (Mexican exports) Importers and Exporters import some type of • United States • United • Puerto Rico fodder, reaching annual Arab • Guatemala Emirates • Honduras volumes exceeding 17.425 million tonnes. The purchases made by Asian and American countries stand out. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 22.2 21.7 21.6 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 222 15.4 Volume 0.4 154,835 154,613 145 18.8 12.4 11.5 11.9 11.7 tonnes 21.6 21.2 877 -0.5 6.4 6.9 Value million USD Increase Decrease 0.164 1.6 0.008 0.010 0.152 0.105 0.389 0.080 0.039 0.381 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Alfalfa is antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as it includes flavonoids, Imports Exports phytoestrogens and phytosterols: natural chemical compounds that protect the body Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) from damage caused by oxidizing agents (ultraviolet rays, chemical substances, etc.). Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Imports 0.1 7.7 13.7 0.3 0.2 10.5 0.2 0.0 29.9 0.1 19.2 18.1 Exports 2.1 2.9 4.3 11.6 17.3 15.9 14.4 12.7 8.5 4.3 3.6 2.4 37 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume Cottonseed Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 National total AVERAGE 674,706 -26.4 771 1 Chihuahua Northeast 501,663 -17.2 2 Baja California Northwest 67,818 -52.4 55,933 -41.6 3 Coahuila Northeast 25,487 -0.8 20,272 -44.2 4 Tamaulipas Northeast 3,533 -66.5 5 Sonora Northwest 0 -100.0 6 Durango Northeast 7 Sinaloa Northwest 746 669 587 862 593 488 1,009 1,163 917 675 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Percentage of the production value by state The national production average in Chihuahua Coahuila In Chihuahua, the increase of the last 10 years was 771,000 tonnes. 79.5 6.9 13.3% on the price paid to the During 2020, 146,000 hectares were producer was an important factor planted and a volume of 675,000 Baja California for the production value to reach tonnes was produced; a figure 6.9 MXN 7.160 billion, a figure that that meant a reduction of 26.4% represented 79.5% of the national compared to the previous year and a value of the crop. fall in the average annual growth rate of 1.1%. Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of agro- Surface Volume Value Yield Average industrials Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare 1.1% tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 675 9,004 4.7 / tonne 146 2 144 13,345 Variations (%) Annual -29.8 197.5 -30.5 -26.4 -17.0 5.9 12.7 2019-2020 AAGR -3.4 -10.1 -3.2 -1.1 2.7 2.2 3.8 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The largest volumes are harvested from November to January, because production occurs largely during the spring-summer cycle. Its cultivation is carried out in the open, requiring high and constant temperatures for its growth and flowering. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.2 1.9 5.6 31.9 49.3 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 38

World Ranking Cottonseed 9th México During the last three years, Mexico has Gossypium hirsutum L. world managed to position itself among the top ten Description producer producers in the world. This plant has an erect stem with regular branching. Its leaves are large and 674,706 China has one of the largest cotton agricultural petiolate, of an intense green, with lobed margins; they are also equipped with areas with a potential to produce 23.5 million tonnes tonnes per year. bracts. The flowers are dialectic, large, single and pendulous. Its corolla is formed by a set of stamens that surround the pistil. Some flowers open before 2020 Foreign trade fertilization, producing hybrid seeds. The domestic market requires a greater volume than it produces. However, in Product 2020, foreign acquisitions were down by 9,994 tonnes compared to the previous year. The fruit is an ovoid-shaped capsule with 3 to 5 carpels that have 6 to 10 seeds each. It is green during development and dark while Commercial origin-destination in the ripening process. The epidermal cells of the seeds constitute the fiber The foreign purchases of cottonseed made by our country come from the United called cotton. States, a nation that also allocates significant volumes to South Korea, Japan and Saudi Arabia. Mexico ranks as the fourth export destination of this U.S. product. Main buyer Italy demands approximately 1,800,501* 121,000 tonnes of this grain each • United States year, with a value close to USD 36 million. * USD Supplier (Mexican imports) • United States Importers and Exporters • United States Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 44.7 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 92,408 42.9 21.9 40.2 Volume tonnes 35.6 5,870 -86,538 -9.8 393 Value 30.9 29.6 million USD 1.8 -20.1 -26.0 128 28.4 27.2 Increase Decrease 21.9 0.896 0.493 0.522 7.0 3.1 0.888 1.4 0.789 1.8 Benefits 4.0 In addition to its use as a textile fiber, 2016 cotton is used for livestock fodder and 0.983 agricultural fertilizer, as well as for the preparation of margarines, cosmetics, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2018 2019 2020 soaps and glycerin. Imports Exports 39 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.6 7.7 6.9 5.6 5.1 6.6 5.9 7.8 14.1 13.5 10.0 7.2 19.8 14.2 13.5 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 17.4 23.0

Amaranth 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 National total 5,625 1.4 AVERAGE 1 Puebla Center 3,750 10.4 6 2 Tlaxcala Center 1,268 5.9 3 México -52.1 4 Mexico City Center 336 -0.7 5 Oaxaca Center 139 18.4 6 Morelos South-Southeast 123 8.3 Center 9 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20204 4 5 Percentage of the production value by state Variations (%) 7 This product was sown in 2,900 9 Although Puebla was the leading hectares, from which 6,000 tonnes 6 state in volume during 2020, were obtained, a figure similar to 5 Tlaxcala contributed 22.5% of the the average of the last 10 years. 7 production volume and generated Its main use is for the making of 6 the largest economic spillover granolas and the manufacture of 6 reaching MXN 19 million; a figure flours to make bread, tortillas and that represented 41.5% of the desserts. national production value. Annual per capita Tlaxcala consumption 41.5 Puebla 39.2 43 g Estado de México 8.3 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of grains Surface Volume Value Yield Average 0.02% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 6 1.9 / tonne 46 30 3 8,166 Annual -9.0 NA -9.0 1.4 7.7 11.4 6.2 2019-2020 3.4 AAGR -1.6 -100.0 0.2 5.1 8.7 4.9 Does not apply 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Amaranth sowing in Mexico occurs in the spring-summer cycle, which means that the largest harvests of the cereal are achieved from October to January. January February March April May June July August September October November December 12.5 7.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 20.8 54.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 40

Amaranth 2020 Foreign trade Amaranthus L. International trade in amaranth has shown ups and downs. During 2020, the Description exported volume was 76 tonnes, while no purchases were made from abroad. It is an annual crop plant, which can reach 0.5 to 3 meters in height. It has broad Commercial origin-destination leaves and produces significant amounts of edible grain, so it is known as a pseudocereal. With brightly colored leaves and violet, orange, red and golden The foreign exchange received from the three main buyers of this national flowers, the panicles resemble those of sorghum, with an average length of 50 to product (the United States, Chile and Japan) reached USD 102,000. Exports were made to Panama for the first time. 100 cm. Main buyer In 2020, the consumption of Mexican Product 68,525* amaranth by international customers The seeds, although barely larger than mustard seeds (0.9 to 1.7 mm • United States continued. The US market acquires the largest volume of this cereal. One in diameter), are produced in large quantities. They represent the * USD fifth of the exports to that nation are main product of the amaranth plant, from which cereals, flours sold in the form of bars or flour. and sweets are made. Buyers (Mexican exports) • Chile • Costa Rica • Japan • Panama Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 0.339 0.323 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0 Volume 0 75.7 75.7 NA -7.2 tonnes 0.241 0.1 0.1 NA -68.4 Value 0.222 million USD 0.209 NA: Does not apply Decrease 0.132 0.102 0.087 0.086 0.089 0.088 0.051 0.030 0.040 0.030 Benefits 0.003 0 0 NS 0 The amaranth leaves and seeds are 2011 NS used as an anti-diarrheal. It also helps 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 avoid blood in the urine or in the feces, 2012 2013 2014 2017 as well as excessive menstruation. NS: Not significant Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.8 3.8 0.9 0.8 3.9 7.1 8.4 16.8 24.9 30.5 41 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Blueberry 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 AVERAGE National total 50,293 2.6 26 1 Jalisco Center-West 23,169 -21.4 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 9,757 28.1 2 Michoacán Center-West 8,495 73.5 3 Sinaloa Northwest 4 Baja California Northwest 4,027 9.7 2,572 59.9 5 Colima Center-West 6 Puebla Center 1,623 64.6 7 Guanajuato Center-West 389 -26.6 7 8 México Center 133 9.0 7 10 9 Sonora Northwest 80 61.0 Variations (%) 18 15 10 Nayarit Northwest 47 5.6 29 The production of this berry has had 37Baja California Percentage of the production value by state an exponential growth in the last 10 4021.9 years, registering an average annual 49 Jalisco generated 31.5% of the growth rate of 25.1%. In 2020, 4,700 50 national production value since hectares were allocated to this crop, its income from the sale of 23,169 which generated a production of tonnes was MXN 869 million. 50,000 tonnes, 2.6% more than the previous year. Although it can be Jalisco consumed as a fresh fruit, its main 31.5 use lies in the elaboration of various products such as jams, purees, jellies and juices. Michoacán 30.4 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 0.2% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 50 2,762 10.9 / tonne 5 NA 5 54,914 Annual -6.1 NA 6.7 2.6 1.8 -3.8 -0.9 2019-2020 AAGR 21.8 NA 24.6 25.1 37.6 0.4 10.0 2011-2020 Increase Decrease Does not apply National monthly production (%) The highest production volumes are obtained from April to June, as well as in December. This is because around two thirds of the national harvest is achieved during these months. January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.9 6.4 5.0 10.7 6.4 19.2 9.0 3.5 1.7 4.0 7.9 22.3 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 42

World Ranking Blueberry 6th México Few countries achieved yields similar to those world obtained by Mexico. producer The productive leadership of the United States 50,293 allows it to contribute 44.2% to the global production volume. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Exports of berries are still rising. In the case of blueberries, the volume sold abroad during 2020 exceeded 59,000 tonnes, achieving a commercial value of USD 399 million. Commercial origin-destination Vaccinium spp. Of the exported volume, 95.9% went to the US market. The rest was divided Description between 34 other countries. Mexico specializes in the production and foreign It is a deciduous shrub of 20 to 60 cm in height, mainly grown for its fruit. It belongs sales of blueberries. When talking about imports, the cranberry is more prevalent. to the ericaceae family and is highly prized in the countries of the northern hemisphere, mainly the United States. Main buyer Supplier Product 374,720,614* It is a spherical berry that measures 1 to 2 cm in diameter, from intense • United States (Mexican imports) to light blue—hence the name “blueberry”. Its epidermis is covered by * USD • United States • China an important and very characteristic wax that, together with the • Canada • Peru consistency of the fruit itself, makes the post-harvest durability Buyers • Chile • Turkey much greater than that of other berries, such as the raspberry or • Serbia • United (Mexican exports) • Albania Kingdom the blackcurrant. • France • Japan • Saudi Arabia The largest importer in • Canada • Malaysia Importers and Exporters the world is the United • Hong Kong • Singapore States, which spent about • United • Kuwait • United States • Germany USD 1.393 billion in 2020 to buy Arab • Netherlands • Canada • United blueberries Emirates • Belgium • Chile Kingdom • Belgium • Colombia Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 398.6 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 12,568 341.2 Volume 59,350 46,782 4.2 22.9 tonnes 47.2 306.4 Value 230.9 million USD 399 351 16.2 16.8 Increase 187.9 121.4 84.8 42.3 40.6 47.2 Benefits 35.0 Sour cranberry juice is a potent inhibitor of bacterial adhesion in the 11.2 15.7 10.3 5.9 9.6 7.4 5.3 5.2 10.1 urinary tract. It also helps to dissolve kidney stones. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.9 10.9 10.6 5.6 8.3 12.5 8.6 4.8 5.1 6.3 9.2 9.2 7.6 10.1 17.1 20.5 12.5 5.1 1.1 0.5 2.4 6.2 6.9 10.0 43 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Paddy rice 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, 49,000 hectares were sown, achieving a production of 295,000 (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) tonnes, which represented 20.4% more (tonnes) 2019-2020 than the previous year and 26% more AVERAGE than the average of the last 10 years. 234 National total 295,338 20.4 Annual per capita 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Nayarit Northwest 88,828 8.5 consumption of 173 2 Campeche South-Southeast 72,230 48.6 polished rice 179 3 Veracruz South-Southeast 34,419 46.5 180 4 Michoacán Center-West 30,056 -5.3 10.1 kg 232 5 Colima Center-West 19,006 236 6 Jalisco Center-West 17,130 -1.4 254 7 Tamaulipas Northeast 14,040 63.8 266 8 Morelos Center 13.4 284 8,839 40.2 245 295 9 Tabasco South-Southeast 7,421 -6.6 10 Guerrero Center 2,362 1.2 Remainder 1,006 23.1 Percentage of the production value by state Nayarit increased the value of its paddy rice production by 24.4% during 2020, which meant MXN 94 million more than the amount obtained during the previous year. Nayarit Veracruz 32.5 12.0 Campeche 22.9 Share in the national 2020 Indicators Average production of grains rural price Volume Value Surface Yield Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million Tonnes MXN tonnes MXN / hectare / tonne 1.0% Thousand hectares 295 1,472 4,986 6.2 49 2 48 Variations (%) Annual 19.3 -42.3 23.5 20.4 32.1 -2.4 9.6 2019-2020 AAGR 3.2 -6.6 3.8 6.1 9.4 2.2 3.2 National monthly production (%) 2011-2020 Increase Decrease The largest yields of rice happen during the spring-summer cycle; with the largest harvests happening from October to December. The most relevant contribution of the autumn- winter period is in June. January February March April May June July August September October November December 4.0 0.8 2.6 2.2 2.0 16.7 4.3 7.2 7.5 7.9 31.2 13.6 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 44

World Ranking Polished rice 61st Mexico Mexican crops allow for an average of 252,795 world tonnes to be produced annually. producer The importance of rice cultivation in China 295,338 keeps it as the main producer in the world. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade 2020 became the third year with the most significant export volume and the second most relevant in imports. Commercial origin-destination The imports that Mexico made during 2020 came from 11 countries. Although, Oryza sativa L. historically, the largest purchases have been purchased from the United States, during the last year, the volumes from South America were decisive to reduce the Description prevalence of our northern neighbor in total imports with 66.9%. The stem is formed of alternating nodes and internodes, cylindrical in shape from 60 to 120 cm in length; the leaves are alternate, sheathing; the flowers are whitish green, arranged in spikelets, whose set constitutes a large, narrow and hanging terminal panicle after flowering. Main buyer Supplier 6,586,735* (Mexican imports) • Thailand Product • United States • India The grain of rice is a mature ovary, which is known as paddy rice. The • United States • Italy * USD • Uruguay • Vietnam shelled grain (karypside) with a brownish pericarp is known as • Paraguay • Japan polished rice. It is a cereal rich in carbohydrates and does not Buyers • Brazil • Argentina contain cholesterol. (Mexican exports) China continues to lead • El Salvador • United Importers and Exporters the largest imports with • Netherlands Arab an average purchase of • Colombia Emirates • United States 3.2 million tonnes per • Venezuela • Belice • Uruguay year. • Guatemala • Switzerland • Uruguay • Equatorial Guinea Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 430 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 423 1,114,128 18,273 -1,095,854 387 395 Volume 430 13.3 74.0 370 tonnes 360 358 332 Value 316 314 million USD 12.3 -417 29.3 41.4 Increase 1.7 1.6 5.3 2.0 2.3 73.3 Benefits 51.6 Since it is 100% digestible, rice milk 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 is ideal for sick people who have 8.7 12.3 difficulties digesting food. It has a 4.4 refreshing effect on the body and it also provides a large amount of energy 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 thanks to its high carbohydrates content. Imports Exports 45 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.6 6.8 7.7 8.1 8.4 8.9 15.6 5.5 2.1 7.2 8.8 11.3 4.7 1.9 2.1 5.2 12.8 15.6 13.0 17.7 8.3 5.6 9.4 3.7

Fodder oats 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (tonnes) 2019-2020 AVERAGE 9,791 National total 8,331,396 -20.5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Chihuahua Northeast 1,470,152 -50.2 2 Durango Northeast 1,366,963 -10.5 3 México Center 1,208,468 4 Zacatecas Northeast 886,926 11.3 5 Coahuila Northeast 548,956 -31.8 -1.2 6 Guanajuato Center-West 420,436 9.4 6,266 7 Hidalgo Center 349,867 -10.5 10,903 11,168 8 Jalisco Center-West 321,733 -4.5 10,838 9,362 9 Tlaxcala Center 284,895 -14.6 10,476 9,683 10,401 10,486 8,331 10 Michoacán Center-West 283,314 -31.9 Remainder 1,189,688 -0.9 Percentage of the production value by state It is mainly used as livestock feed. Chihuahua The average annual growth rate 16.3 of the production over the past 10 years is 3.2%. However, despite this Chihuahua, the leading state, trend, 2020 showed a decline of obtained MXN 813 million for 20.5% compared to the previous the sale of 1.5 million tonnes year. This crop was sown in 671,000 during 2020. This volume hectares, which produced a volume represented 17.6% of the of 8.331 million tonnes. national production. Durango 14.8 Estado de México 14.9 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fodders Surface Volume Value Yield Average 6.5% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 8,331 4,973 14.1 / tonne 671 82 589 597 Variations (%) Annual -6.1 374.1 -15.5 -20.5 -12.7 -6.0 9.9 2019-2020 AAGR -3.7 -13.8 -0.8 3.2 5.7 4.1 2.4 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The crop is harvested both in the autumn-winter and in the spring-summer cycles; the latter being the one that achieves the highest volumes, mainly from October to December. January February March April May June July August September October November December 6.0 5.4 5.7 9.4 7.2 2.5 0.5 0.8 1.6 10.0 33.3 17.6 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 46

Fodder oats 2020 Foreign trade Avena sativa L. The foreign trade of this crop is not significant because of the low availability of Description other fresh forages produced in Mexico. It is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the grass family. It has a strong root system, Commercial origin-destination with abundant and deep roots; the stems are thick and straight. The leaves are flat and elongated, and can be several different shades of green All of the Mexican exports were destined for the United States. On the other hand, (they are rough to the touch). Their limbo is narrow and long; the nerves of the the imported flow came from three countries: The United States, Canada and Germany. Purchases were made from this European nation for the first time ever. leaf are parallel and quite marked. Main buyer Importers and Exporters Product 770,734* • United States The whole plant is used, including the grains. It is harvested at the • United States Due to their seasonal production and stage of physiological maturity with a mechanical mower or * USD the size of their markets, Japan, China manually before the plant is completely dry. and South Korea account for 83% of Supplier total fodder imports; among these, It is a magnificent forage, in particular for horses, mules, fodder oats stand out. cattle and sheep. (Mexican imports) • United States • Canada • Germany Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 0.893 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 251 0.771 Volume 0.2 9,083 8,832 186 63.8 0.556 tonnes 0.8 0.6 364 38.6 Value million USD Increase 0.465 0.455 0.449 0.390 0.243 0.173 0.155 0.134 0.151 Benefits 0.150 0.111 0.085 0.096 Oat hay is considered to be a very good feed for livestock. This grain is 0.066 0.079 0.072 a magnificent fodder: especially for horses and mules, as well as for cattle 0.033 and sheep. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.9 40.1 5.8 10.1 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 32.8 2.5 3.7 1.7 4.2 35.5 26.0 9.5 5.9 2.6 4.8 3.4 0.2 47 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Oat grain 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states It is mainly used as livestock feed and, to a lesser extent, for human (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) food. The average annual growth (tonnes) 2019-2020 rate in the last 10 years has been AVERAGE positive (3.5%). However, in 2020, 82 National total 69,016 -31.4 its production (69,000 tonnes) was 31.4% lower than that obtained in 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 México Center 23,254 7.0 the previous year. 17,458 -65.6 2 Chihuahua Northeast 9,868 36.3 Annual per capita 5,952 -33.4 consumption 3 Baja California Northwest 4,386 2,942 NA 4 Tlaxcala Center -19.5 2,213 -56.8 5 Zacatecas Northeast 1,836 -3.3 -19.0 6 Hidalgo Center 570 -6.9 447 -7.3 7 Durango Northeast 92 51 8 Jalisco Center-West 84 91 9 Nuevo León Northeast Variations (%) 93 85 10 Puebla Center 71 72 Remainder 99 101Percentage of the production value by state 69 Chihuahua 32.1 Baja California Although the largest volume was 10.3 obtained in Estado de México, the better prices per tonne paid in Chihuahua caused this state to obtain the largest income from the sale of the crop: MXN 103 million. 2.7 kg Estado de México 30.5 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of grains Surface Volume Value Yield Average 0.2% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million / hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 69 321 2.2 / tonne 42 11 31 4,648 Annual -14.0 69,381.3 -36.8 -31.4 -34.0 8.5 -3.8 2019-2020 AAGR -4.2 1.1 -5.6 3.5 5.0 9.7 1.4 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The most productive threshing is achieved during the last two months of the year, which shows that the greatest harvest is obtained in the spring-summer cycle. January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.7 3.5 0.0 0.1 3.0 13.6 1.9 0.2 0.6 7.8 39.3 24.3 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 48

World Ranking Oat grain 29th México The yield obtained by Mexican farmers stood in world contrast to that of the Irish, which was 8.1 tonnes producer per hectare, the highest in the world. 69,016 Russia is the nation with the most significant harvest, contributing about a fifth of the grain tonnes produced globally. 2020 Foreign trade Adverse conditions in domestic production fostered an increase of 38.3% of the imported volume, which meant that USD 81.1 million were spent in purchasing this product from abroad. Commercial origin-destination Avena sativa L. Domestic demand was covered by imports from nine countries, including Description Canada with 94.6% and the United States with 4.3%. It is an annual, herbaceous, autogamous plant belonging to the grass family. It has a powerful root system, with more abundant and deeper roots than those of other Main buyer Supplier cereals. The stems are thick and straight and they can reach between 0.5 and 100 2,060,104* • United States (Mexican imports) cm in height. The leaves are flat and elongated. The inflorescence is a panicle, which is a cluster of spikelets of two or three flowers, located on long peduncles. * USD • Canada • Finland • United • Spain Product Buyers States • Ireland The fruit is a karyopid that has an attached chaff; it is long and pointed. • Chile • Sri Lanka (Mexican exports) • United • France Its main component is starch, but it is also rich in vitamins B1, B6 Kingdom and E and minerals such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium and • El Salvador • Honduras • Guatemala • Cuba Importers and Exporters magnesium. The digestible protein content of this grain is • Colombia • Venezuela greater than that of corn and other cereals. • Costa Rica • Equatorial • Canada • Belice Guinea • United States • Panama In 2020, Germany led imports by making purchases of 640,000 tonnes; followed by the United States with 333,000 tonnes. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 81.1 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 281,987 68.6 Volume 3,401 -278,586 38.3 50.5 tonnes 81.1 64.7 61.3 Value 60.0 million USD 53.0 3.1 -77.9 32.3 211 42.9 46.1 Increase 40.2 27.9 3.1 Benefits 0.004 0.051 0.487 0.145 0.068 0.334 0.254 0.350 1.0 Oats provide the most important nutrients for the functioning of 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 neurons: glucose (metabolized from the starch content), fatty acids, Imports Exports phosphorus, lecithin and vitamin B1. This exerts a toning and balancing Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) effect on the nervous system and improves brain activity. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Imports 17.4 1.9 7.6 2.8 13.3 2.3 2.2 11.8 5.8 14.3 2.8 17.8 Exports 1.5 1.1 0.9 4.6 7.0 31.0 8.4 7.3 7.7 7.1 7.5 15.9 49 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview