FOOD & AGRICULTURAL OVERVIEW 2022

Blackberry 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states During 2020, the area allocated to this crop amounted to 9,800 (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) hectares, which produced 216,000 (tonnes) 2019-2020 tonnes, a figure 27.5% lower than AVERAGE what was harvested in 2019. 200 National total 215,924 -27.5 However, the average annual growth rate over the past 10 years is 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Michoacán Center-West 201,346 -29.5 5.3%. 136 2 Jalisco Center-West 10,853 29.6 140 3 Colima Center-West 1,922 4.6 Annual per capita 129 4 Baja California Northwest 887 4.4 consumption 153 5 Guanajuato Center-West 339 -57.1 123 6 Puebla Center 296 4.9 1.1 kg 249 7 Mexico Center 198 -1.6 270 8 Morelos Center 33 -11.7 287 9 Querétaro Center-West 18 -1.6 298 10 Mexico City Center 17 -5.3 216 15 Others 5.6 Percentage of the production value by state Baja The average rural price in Michoacán California was MXN 37,584 per tonne, generating a revenue for the state of MXN 7.567 1.2 billion, which is equivalent to 94.9% of the total national production value. Jalisco 2.6 Michoacán 94.9 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of fruits Surface Volume Value Yield Average 0.9% Tonnes rural price Sown Lost Harvested Thousand Million /hectare tonnes MXN MXN Thousand hectares 216 7,972 22.6 / tonne 10 N/A 10 36,919 Variations Annual -26.0 N/A -25.9 -27.5 -39.0 -2.2 -15.8 (%) 2019-2020 -1.6 N/A -1.3 5.3 3.7 9.2 6.7 AAGR Does not apply 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) The lowest blackberry harvests in the country are performed during the third quarter of the year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 9.6 10.3 9.0 12.0 8.7 11.6 1.3 1.1 2.0 8.9 12.0 13.5 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 152

World ranking 1st Of the 64 countries that grow blackberries Blackberry in the world, Mexico stands out as the main world Mexico producer. producer New Guinea has the largest blackberry 215,924 plantations, accounting for 16.7% of the world's total. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade The decline in the Mexican production during 2020 did not have a negative effect on the exports of this berry, since the volume sold abroad reached 75,973 tonnes, an amount that exceeded the one registered in 2019 by 3,780 tonnes. Commercial origin-destination In 2020, Mexico exported blackberries to 26 countries, but the largest sale Rubus ulmifolius corresponded to the United States with 70,000 tonnes. The destinations of Description this Mexican fruit in U.S. territory are the Pacific coast, the southwest and the It is a shrubby plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family and has 3 to 4 m long southeast. stems. They grow erect at the beginning, although they bend down and in the end they remain on the ground. They are angular and have strong thorns. The flowers Main buyer Supplier 402,175,318* are pink or white with 5 petals. They have long roots that grow at a shallow • United States (Mexican imports) depth and from which new shoots easily emerge. These can be separated • United States * USD • Chile from the mother plant and planted to obtain new plants. Buyers Importers and Exporters Product • United States The berry is formed by numerous spherical fruits, each almost (Mexican exports) • Chile entirely filled with a reddish seed at the beginning, but • United • United when they fully ripen, they turn black and fleshy. Kingdom Arab Emirates Blackberries generally have a sweet taste and they are quite aromatic. • Canada • Saudi • Italy Arabia The U.S. is the largest importer on the planet. • Germany • Spain About 85,00 tonnes of its acquisitions are made • The • Belgium in fresh fruit and 13,000 tonnes are frozen. Mexico Netherlands • France supplies 86.7% of the U.S. total purchases. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 435 405 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 122 400 Volume 0.6 75,973 75,851 -58.7 5.2 tonnes 321 435 435 -35.1 8.9 315 Value 280 million USD Increase Decrease 222 205 207 158 0.444 0.611 0.793 1.1 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.2 0.885 0.574 Benefits Blackberry leaves infusions can lower 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 blood sugar levels. Imports Exports 153 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.5 16.7 34.4 33.1 3.9 3.0 1.5 4.6 11.0 11.4 12.6 13.2 13.4 4.0 0.6 1.0 3.8 7.6 8.8 12.6





Poultry meat in 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume carcass volume Main states Out of all the kinds of meat that are (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) sold in carcass, poultry production (tonnes) 2019-2020 had the second largest growth in AVERAGE 2020: 3.579 million tonnes (2.9% 3,089 National total 3,578,694 2.9 more than in 2019). This was the result of an average annual increase 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 434,284 5.6 of 1.8% in the flocks. 411,813 2.3 2 Jalisco Center-West 0.7 Annual per capita 396,765 4.4 consumption 3 Aguascalientes Center-West 370,032 -4.3 276,460 6.5 34.5 kg 4 Querétaro Center-West 215,454 0.5 215,007 2.4 5 Durango Northeast 203,768 6 Chiapas South-Southeast 2,765 7 Guanajuato Center-West 2,792 2,808 8 Puebla Center 2,880 2,962 9 Yucatán South-Southeast 159,837 5.4 3,078 3,212 3,338 3,477 3,579 10 Sinaloa Northwest 134,838 -2.2 Others 760,436 5.5 Percentage of the production value by state Veracruz increased the value of its poultry meat in carcass production by 9.5%: 1.299 billion MXN more than the revenue achieved in 2019. The value of the product obtained in this state represents 12.3% of the total national value of this meat. Aguascalientes Querétaro 10.8 10.9 Veracruz 12.3 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of livestock Stock Production Value Average Producer Price 15.2% Million Thousand Million MXN head tonnes MXN / tonne 382 3,579 121,333 33,904 Variations Annual 2.3 2.9 6.3 3.2 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR 1.8 2.9 6.1 3.1 2011-2020 National monthly production (%) Increase The preference for the consumption of fresh poultry meat results in a stable supply throughout the year, with a slight uptick in December. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.5 8.5 9.0 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 156

World ranking Poultry meat in carcass 7th Mexico In the medium term, the productive dynamics world of Mexican poultry farming are expected to producer reach 4 million tonnes of chicken meat per year. 3,578,694 The United States has the largest production tonnes capacity, with a volume that exceeds 20 million tonnes per year. 2020 Foreign trade Mexico is the twelfth largest consumer of this kind of meat in the world. The average Mexican consumes 34.5 kilograms every year. To meet this demand, 18.8% of the supply is imported. Commercial origin-destination Gallus gallus domesticus The geographical proximity and the price levels have made the chicken Description processing units of the U.S. the main suppliers for our national imports. In 2020, Chicken are poultry of the galliformes order. Commercial chickens are the result the imported volume reached 786,000 tonnes. of a four-generation selection and crossbreeding process: purebreds (great- Main buyer Supplier grandmothers), grandmothers or progenitors, breeders and commercial 732,975* • Cuba (Mexican imports) chickens. The second or third generation arrives in the country as a day-old • United States chicken or fertile egg. Mexico does not farm purebreds. * USD • Chile • Brazil Product obtainment process Buyers One day after hatching, the chicken is housed in booths, where it Importers and Exporters (Mexican exports) • Chile stays between 6 and 8 weeks in fattening. The target weight will be in accordance with the type of market to which • Zaire • Equatorial Guinea it is aimed (to be sold live, for a public market, a • Ghana • Italy supermarket or for roasting). The slaughter is • Congo • China carried out in TIF or private facilities, and to • Chile a lesser extent, in situ. • Benin Mexico is the world's second largest importer of poultry meat, a third of the volume corresponds to chicken paste. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 834 834 865 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 829,323 792 Volume 1,137 -828,186 -3.5 -75.0 tonnes 683 722 717 677 721 570 Value 683 million USD 1.3 -682 -21.0 -56.8 Increase Decrease 10.4 3.8 5.7 1.5 2.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 1.3 Benefits 4.4 Chicken meat is rich in protein and in B 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 vitamins. The latter work in conjunction 2011 2012 with enzymes in the metabolic Imports Exports reactions of the body, that is, they are a source of energy. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports 157 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.7 7.8 8.6 7.8 6.6 7.7 8.1 8.1 9.0 9.3 8.7 9.6 7.8 3.9 3.3 18.1 11.0 8.7 9.5 7.2 2.5 6.8 4.7 16.5

Beef in carcass 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (tonnes) 2019-2020 AVERAGE 1,900 National total 2,081,262 2.6 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Veracruz South-Southeast 268,282 1.6 243,133 1.4 2 Jalisco Center-West 125,518 3.1 109,201 6.1 3 San Luis Potosí Center-West 108,884 3.5 108,684 1.3 4 Baja California Northwest 107,611 1.5 96,781 2.0 5 Durango Northeast 87,264 2.2 76,240 3.1 6 Sinaloa Northwest 749,663 3.2 1,804 7 Chiapas South-Southeast 1,821 1,807 8 Michoacán Center-West 1,827 1,845 9 Chihuahua Northeast 1,879 1,927 1,981 2,028 2,081 10 Sonora Northwest Others Percentage of the production value by state The increase in demand caused San Luis Although Veracruz is a leading production to register an average Potosí producer, the highest income annual growth rate of 1.6% over the 6.2 from the sale of this product last 10 years. In 2020, a volume of was obtained by Jalisco, where 2.081 million tonnes was generated, the price paid to the producer a figure 2.6% larger than that was MXN 74,803 per tonne. achieved in 2019. This was caused Because of this, this state’s total by the 1.2% increase in the national production value was MXN 18,187 cattle herd. billion. Annual per capita Veracruz consumption 12.3 15 kg Jalisco 12.5 2020 Indicators Share in the national Stock Production Value Average production of livestock Producer Price 8.8% Million Thousand Million MXN head tonnes MXN / tonne 2,081 145,026 69,682 33 Variations Annual 1.2 2.6 3.9 1.2 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR 0.9 1.6 10.0 8.2 2011-2020 Increase National monthly production (%) The distribution of beef production is homogeneous throughout the year, with a slight increase in supply during the last month. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.7 9.1 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 158

World ranking 6th The national production represented 3% of the Beef in carcass world worldwide total. producer Mexico The production chain in the United States has 2,081,262 characteristics that allow this country to be the world leader in production. Its production tonnes volume exceeds 12.3 million tonnes per year. 2020 Foreign trade Mexico has managed to consolidate favorable foreign trade. After an atypical year derived from the COVID-19 health emergency, the trend of exported volume increases and imported volume decreases was confirmed. Commercial origin-destination Bos primigenius Mexico's largest trade flows are performed with the United States. During 2020, Description the US processing industry went through operational problems derived from Bovines are ruminants that have one calf per birth. In the Mexican southeast and the impact of COVID-19, which resulted in a significant rebound of the exported tropical zones, the Zebuine breeds predominate. European breeds and, to a greater domestic volume and a sharp decrease in the volume imported by the Mexican market. extent, their crossbreeds are raised in the rest of the country. Product obtainment process Main buyer Supplier Calves are bred in extensive production units. Once weaned, they can be • 1,417,145,957* (Mexican imports) • Japan During 2020, the left to graze until they reach the target slaughter weight or they are • United States • New Chinese market was concentrated in fattening pens where they receive balanced diets until • United States Zeeland ranked as the one with * USD • Canada they reach a weight close to 500 kg. The slaughter is carried out in • Nicaragua municipal abattoirs or TIF centers. The carcasses are transported • Australia Buyers the highest demand to supply centers, markets and butchers, where they are sold with a volume of more to the public in pieces, cuts or portions. (Mexican exports) • Japan • Cuba Importers and Exporters than 2 million tonnes. Of • Canada • Panama • Hong Kong • Chile • United States its total purchases, 97.7% • South Korea • Puerto Rico • Canada • China • Costa Rica • Japan corresponded to frozen meat and the rest to chilled meat. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 1,594 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 117,000 1,445 Volume tonnes 706 1,268 280,056 163,056 -14.3 8.7 Value 1,092 1,094 1,130 million USD 999 1,594 888 -17.9 10.3 930 899 907 844 859 Increase Decrease 831 870 788 748 731 706 649 532 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Benefits Imports Exports Imports Beef is one of the main sources of Exports Vitamin B12, which helps with the formation of red blood cells and is essential to the central nervous system. Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.9 10.2 8.7 4.1 2.1 4.5 6.3 6.2 6.6 10.1 13.6 16.7 7.6 7.6 8.7 8.6 11.3 11.7 9.4 9.6 8.6 6.3 5.2 5.4 159 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Goat meat in 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume carcass volume Main states During the last 10 years, goat meat (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) production registered a decrease in (tonnes) 2019-2020 the average annual growth rate of AVERAGE -1%. The volume produced in 2020, 40 National total 40,001 0.2 was similar to that of the previous year (40,000 tonnes), while the herd 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Zacatecas Northeast 4,500 -0.9 increased by 0.4% compared to 2019. 4,321 4.3 2 San Luis Potosí Center-West 3,904 -0.6 Annual per capita 3,899 0.5 consumption 3 Coahuila Northeast 3,660 -0.3 3,597 -1.4 4 Puebla Center 2,502 0.3 1,983 6.8 5 Oaxaca South-Southeast 6 Guerrero Center 7 Michoacán Center-West 8 Jalisco Center-West 44 41 40 40 39 40 40 40 40 40 9 Nuevo León Northeast 1,630 0.3 10 Tamaulipas Northeast 1,460 1.6 Others 8,545 -2.0 Percentage of the production value by state Coahuila The sale of 4,321 tonnes of goat meat 9.6 in carcass in San Luis Potosí generated MXN 312 million: 9.7 million more than the amount obtained by Zacatecas, the main producer od this meat. San Luis Potosí 11.5 Zacatecas 11.2 310 g 2020 Indicators Share in the national Stock Production Value Average production of livestock Producer Price 0.2% Million Thousand Million MXN head tonnes MXN / tonne 40 2,703 67,581 9 Variations Annual 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 2019-2020 (%) AAGR -0.2 -1.0 4.3 5.4 2011-2020 Decrease National monthly production (%) Increase Despite not being a commonly consumed meat in the country, the offer has a stable distribution throughout the year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.7 8.9 9.7 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 160

World ranking Goat meat in carcass 24th Mexico The Mexican goat stock allows the country to world produce six out of every thousand tonnes in the Capra hircus producer world. Description Goats are ruminants. They have a reproductive seasonality and, depending on the 40,001 China contributes 37.7% of the total global breed, they can have multiple births (more than one kid or billy per birth). Its ability volume of this meat. to adapt and great resistance to adverse environments, due to its capacity to eat tonnes branches and use cellulose, allows it to consume forages of very low quality. Product obtainment process 2020 Foreign trade There are different forms of commercialization, and the sale of extremely young animals to prepare \"cabrito al pastor\" or \"cabrito asado\" (roasted In 2020, Mexico registered a negligible foreign trade, with exports of 444 tonnes billy) is one of the most important. Most of the kids come from dairy and no imports. In the case of the volume sold to the international market, 16 breeds or crossbreeds with low meat production capabilities. tonnes corresponded to billy goat carcasses. Adults are usually sold live, directly in the production units, at 6 months old or older. Commercial origin-destination The only destination for Mexican goat meat is the U.S. market, it is mainly demanded in the Southwest region. Main buyer The United States is the main 3,287,872* importer, acquiring volumes from • United States Australia, New Zealand and Mexico. In the last five years, the demand * USD for Mexican goat meat increased 200%. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 6.4 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0 Volume 444 760 N/A -41.6 tonnes 0 3.3 3.3 6,416 N/A -48.8 2.7 Value million USD N/A: Does not apply Decrease 1.5 0.787 0.858 0.826 0.897 Benefits NS 0.594 0.491 00 0 0 0 0 00 Goat meat helps prevent anemia, 0 0 aids blood circulation and provides 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 an appreciable amount of natural 2012 2013 hemoglobin to the body, which makes Exports NS: Not significant it a good fit for the diet of pregnant Imports women and to regulate menstruation. Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Exports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.7 23.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 14.2 11.2 18.3 6.1 161 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Mutton meat in 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume carcass volume Main states (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) (tonnes) 2019-2020 AVERAGE 60 National total 64,758 1.1 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Mexico Center 9,178 -1.2 6,736 -0.5 2 Hidalgo Center 5,611 3.4 4,703 3.7 3 Veracruz South-Southeast 4,431 0.7 4,327 4 Jalisco Center-West 2,963 1.1 2,890 4.8 5 Puebla Center 0.7 6 Zacatecas Northeast 7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 8 Tlaxcala Center 57 9 Oaxaca South-Southeast 2,437 0.4 58 58 10 Guanajuato Center-West 2,313 2.5 58 59 Others 19,171 1.2 Variations 60 Percentage of the production value by state (%) In Mexico, the main use of this meat The sheep meat production is for the preparation of barbacoa. 62 value in the State of Mexico In 2020, production reached 65,000 63 represented 14.6% of the total tonnes: 1.1% more than what was 64 national value. The income achieved in 2019 and 7.3% higher 65 derived from the sales of this than the average of the last 10 years state was MXN 720 million, (60,000 tonnes). which was MXN 158,416 more than the previous year. Annual per capita consumption Hidalgo 12.5 Veracruz 8.4 530 g Estado de México 14.6 2020 Indicators Share in the national Stock Production Value Average production of livestock Million Producer head Thousand Million 0.3% Annual tonnes MXN Price 2019-2020 9 65 4,935 MXN / tonne AAGR 0.2 1.1 2.7 76,205 2011-2020 0.7 1.5 7.0 1.6 National monthly production (%) July 5.4 Supply is constant throughout the year, so occasional demand is satisfactorily met. 8.6 Increase January February March April May June August September October November December 7.8 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.8 9.8 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 162

World ranking Mutton meat in carcass 35th Mexico contributed 0.6% of the world’s total world Mexico production, which is close to 10 million tonnes producer per year. 64,758 China generates an annual volume of 2.5 million tonnes of sheep meat, which ranks it at tonnes the first place in the list of producing countries. 2020 Foreign trade Ovis aries The difference between domestic consumption and production levels create the Description need to acquire volumes from abroad. Despite this, during 2020 imports were Sheep are ruminants with reproductive seasonality. Depending on the breed, they estimated at 3,184 tonnes, an amount significantly lower than the average of the last may have multiple births (more than one lamb per birth). In Mexico, sheep meat decade (11,272 tonnes). farming is developed under a regional type scheme: meat is produced in the central area with wool and hair breeds, and in the south-southeast region mostly with hair Commercial origin-destination breeds. For the second consecutive year, Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Canada are the suppliers of domestic imports. Except for Canada, the purchases Product obtainment process from the other countries are all around 1,000 tonnes each. There are different production systems in our country, and they are determined by the availability of resources and consumption traditions. Main buyer Importers and Exporters Depending on the breed and management, the intensive processes • United States of growth, fattening and slaughtering have a duration of 120 to 150 1,509,040* • United States New Zealand and Australia are the largest days. The fattening begins at the time of weaning. Considering exporters with annual sales above 400,000 that animals destined for meat supply require a weight of * USD tonnes each. On the other hand, the largest between 35 and 40 kg on average, it takes 75 to 90 importers are China and the United States days to get them to that stage. Supplier with 365,000 and 123,000 tonnes, respectively. (Mexican imports) • Australia • New Zealand • United States • Canada Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 53.6 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 3,184 48.4 Volume tonnes 12.7 43.5 43.2 259 -2,925 -52.7 2,983 Value 39.7 million USD 1.5 -11.2 -51.2 1,958 30.7 30.8 31.0 26.0 Increase Decrease 12.7 1.5 Benefits 0.050 0.077 0 0 0 0.018 0.109 0.023 0.073 Mutton provides a good ratio of mono and polyunsaturated fats; among 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 which are the essential fatty acids omega 3 and omega 6, which Imports Exports help prevent heart problems and hypertension and control blood cholesterol levels. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 13.1 7.7 9.9 18.9 10.2 6.8 5.0 2.2 4.5 7.6 5.5 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 27.2 42.5 0.0 4.4 4.4 163 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Pork in carcass 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states Due to the increase in both national and international demand, it is the (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) type of meat that has observed (tonnes) 2019-2020 the greatest increase in the last AVERAGE 10 years, registering an average 1,391 National total 1,652,362 3.2 annual growth rate of 3.6%. In 2020 the volume obtained was 1.652 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Jalisco Center-West 365,325 6.8 million tonnes, 3.6% higher than the 1,202 2 Sonora Northwest 309,620 0.5 previous year. 1,239 3 Puebla Center 174,959 2.1 1,284 4 Yucatán South-Southeast 150,905 2.6 Annual per capita 1,291 5 Veracruz South-Southeast 148,405 4.5 consumption 1,323 6 Guanajuato Center-West 130,008 4.9 1,376 7 Michoacán Center-West 4.7 17.9 kg 1,442 8 Chiapas South-Southeast 48,603 2.0 1,503 9 Oaxaca South-Southeast 29,969 2.8 1,600 10 Querétaro Center-West 29,356 0.9 1,652 26,884 1.5 Others 238,327 Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 14.9 With a volume of 365,325 tonnes, the supply of pork meat in Jalisco increased 6.8% compared to last year. The revenue from the sale of this product was MXN 19.419 billion, representing an increase of 8.3% compared to 2019. Puebla 10.1 Jalisco 25.8 2020 Indicators Share in the national Annual Stock Production Value Average production of livestock 2019-2020 Producer Million Thousand Million 7.0% AAGR head tonnes MXN Price 2011-2020 1,652 75,343 Variations 19 MXN (%) 3.2 3.2 / tonne 2.3 3.6 8.0 2.1 45,597 -0.1 4.2 National monthly production (%) Increase Decrease The constant supply allows the country to satisfy the demand, even through the slight uptick that occurs in December every year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.5 9.0 9.6 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 164

World ranking 13th Mexico The national and international markets have Pork in carcass world presented favorable conditions for an increase producer in pork sales, a situation that Mexican pig º farmers have taken advantage of. Sus scrofa domestica 1,652,362 The total world’s production amounts to just over 110 million tonnes; from this, almost two- tonnes fifths come from China, the leading producer nation. 2020 Foreign trade Foreign trade is characterized by significant imports, mainly of whole carcasses and shoulders. On the other hand, cuts predominate in the exported volume. The international situation that began with the impact of African Swine Fever on Chinese production in 2018 and the difficulties for meat processing in the United States during 2020, have encouraged national exports. Commercial origin-destination Description Pigs are very prolific mammals since they have an average of 2 births per year and In 2020, 90.1% of the imported volume came from the United States. For its part, several offspring per birth (10 piglets on average). In Mexico, three production systems China increased the purchase quota of Mexican meat by 77,377 tonnes, becoming the coexist: technified, semi-technified and backyard. This activity has gone through second most important customer of the country. an important process of technification which implies the concentration of the production in large companies. Product obtainment process Intensive production can be continuous (reproduction, weaning- Main buyer Supplier development, fattening-slaughter) or be devoted only to fattening 507,162,224* (Mexican imports) (fattening of animals of the same age and once slaughtered, they are • Japan • United States • Italy all sold). The pork meat market is very dynamic, since it involves * USD • Canada • Chile • Spain • France China is the most the sale of different products from raw cuts to processed important market in meats (cold cuts); and it is sold in places that range Buyers Importers and Exporters the world; Japan and from street markets to supermarkets. In the case of Mexico City, a large part of the production is (Mexican exports) South Korea are also destined for the production of carnitas. • China • Barbados • United States • Vietnam • United States • Chile among the three largest • South Korea • Chile • Canada • France • Canada • Guatemala importers in Asia. In 2020, • Singapore • Hong Kong the sum of imports from these three nations reached USD 17.725 billion. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 1,546 1,531 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 888,907 1,398 1,398 1,391 1,350 Volume tonnes 1,236 1,289 259,581 -629,326 0.2 46.8 Value 1,175 million USD 905 905 -493 -8.7 26.1 998 877 718 Increase Decrease 538 536 Benefits 378 445 429 395 432 317 Pork loin is a source of zinc and has a high selenium content; both 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 contribute to the normal functioning of the immune system and protect Imports Exports cells against oxidative damage. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.6 8.9 8.7 6.7 5.9 8.0 8.3 8.0 7.5 8.1 9.4 10.9 5.7 6.5 8.6 9.0 7.4 8.6 8.2 8.8 8.4 9.9 8.9 10.0 165 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Table 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume egg volume Main states Mexico is the largest consumer of (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) eggs in the world. Its production (tonnes) 2019-2020 has observed a positive trend in the AVERAGE last 10 years, registering an average 2,684 National total 3,015,960 2.2 annual growth rate of 2.3%. In 2020, 3.016 million tonnes were obtained, 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Jalisco Center-West 1,631,703 1.4 a figure 2.2% higher than that of 480,150 -0.7 2019. 2 Puebla Center 155,149 7.6 115,493 9.7 Annual per capita 3 Sonora Northwest 100,623 consumption 7.3 4 San Luis Potosí Center-West 86,623 -0.5 24.1 kg 71,157 -1.4 5 Yucatán South-Southeast 68,177 3.5 67,133 6 Nuevo León Northeast 56,723 4.1 15.7 2,459 7 Guanajuato Center-West 183,029 4.6 2,318 2,516 8 Durango Northeast 2,567 2,653 9 Sinaloa Northwest 2,720 2,771 2,872 2,950 3,016 10 Coahuila Northeast Others Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 5.8 In Jalisco, the value of table egg production was MXN 34.215 billion, a figure 6.7% higher than that obtained in 2019. The price paid to the producer per tonne of eggs in the state increased by 5.2%. Puebla 16.3 Jalisco 51.7 Share in the national 2020 Indicators production of livestock Stock Production Value Average Producer 12.8% Million Thousand Million head tonnes MXN Price Variations Annual 209 3,016 66,162 MXN (%) 2019-2020 / tonne 1.1 2.2 7.8 21,937 AAGR 1.4 2.3 8.2 5.4 2011-2020 5.8 National monthly production (%) Increase Intensive production in tightly controlled environments allows a homogeneous supply to be maintained throughout the year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 166

World ranking Table egg 6th Mexico The stock of birds dedicated to egg production world is close to reaching 210 million, the challenge is producer to generate a volume that allows for an annual per capita consumption of eggs close to 25 3,015,959 kilograms. tonnes Asian poultry farmers generate two-thirds of the world's production of table eggs. This figure is mainly driven by China that produces 28.4 million tonnes. 2020 Foreign trade The domestic poultry industry has the capacity to generate the volume needed to meet domestic demand. In that sense, external purchases are not relevant, although in 2020 they reached 60,859 tonnes. Commercial origin-destination Gallus gallus domesticus The United States is the main supplier of Mexican imports. However, in the last five years, Denmark, Argentina and Italy have begun to export eggs to our country. Description Laying hens are poultry with a continuous oviposition. There are two kinds of chicken breeds for the production of eggs for consumption: light or white egg producers, and semi-heavy or brown egg producers. Within each breed there is a great variety of genetic lines for production. Main buyer Supplier 522,352* (Mexican imports) Product obtainment process • Spain The one-day-old chick is housed in coops for 20 weeks, until they reach • United States * USD • Argentina sexual maturity and initiate laying. They are then changed to laying coops and remain producing until they are 80 weeks old. Egg Buyers production is done through two systems: cage laying and floor laying. The egg is sold in markets, supply centers, (Mexican exports) supermarkets and for industrial use (baking). • Cuba • Brazil Germany is the leader in egg imports for human consumption, with annual purchases exceeding • El Salvador • Japan 388,000 tonnes. • Israel Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 113.7 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 94.6 60,859 Volume 159 -60,700 80.8 -56.4 tonnes 66.0 76.8 Value 66.0 million USD 1.1 -64.9 70.7 -11.8 51.3 Increase Decrease 49.4 38.6 28.5 21.0 Benefits 10.5 10.1 11.6 Eggs contain choline, a nutrient that is essential in building cell 0.975 5.5 0.908 2.1 2.3 1.2 1.1 membranes that also aids healthy brain development, liver function and NS 2015 improves the metabolism. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Imports Exports NS: Not significant Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.9 10.6 4.7 9.8 7.0 9.0 12.3 9.1 8.2 3.5 6.1 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.0 1.5 25.1 15.9 4.3 5.0 19.4 2.4 0.4 167 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Bovine milk 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states This dairy product is the one with the highest production in the million liters Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) livestock sector. In 2020, the cattle (thousand 2019-2020 herd for milk production reached AVERAGE 2.606 million head, generating a 11,532 liters) volume of 12.564 billion liters, 2.3% higher than that obtained the 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 National total 12,563,700 2.3 previous year. 1 Jalisco Center-West 2,629,686 3.5 Annual per capita 2 Coahuila Northeast 1,461,595 4.8 consumption 3 Durango Northeast 1,293,525 4.1 4 Chihuahua Northeast 1,189,304 2.5 5 Guanajuato Center-West 873,908 1.6 6 Veracruz South-Southeast 767,058 2.6 10,724 7 Puebla Center 449,188 0.5 10,881 10,966 8 Chiapas South-Southeast 436,062 -1.6 11,130 11,395 11,608 11,768 12,006 12,276 12,564 9 Mexico Center 431,194 -3.0 10 Aguascalientes Center-West 425,832 1.1 Others 2,606,347 1.3 Percentage of the production value by state Durango The value of bovine milk production 10.9 in Jalisco increased 3.9%, which allowed it to obtain MXN 596 Coahuila million more than in 2019. This 12.2 state contributed 18.7% to the total national production value for this dairy product. 124.3 l Jalisco 18.7 2020 Indicators Share in the national Stock Production Value Average production of livestock Producer Annual Million Million Million 54.8% 2019-2020 head liters MXN Price 12,564 84,772 Variations AAGR 3 MXN (%) 2011-2020 2.3 6.5 / liter 1.7 1.0 1.8 5.4 6.7 4.1 3.5 National monthly production (%) Increase The proper zootechnical management of the national dairy herd allows for a uniform offer throughout the year. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.8 7.6 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.4 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 168

World ranking 16th The implementation of a government's Bovine milk world strategy to achieve self-sufficiency in the milk producer Mexico supply confers an opportunity for Mexican dairy farming. 12,943,123 The United States continues to lead the world tonnes in bovine milk production. 2020 Foreign trade Historically, our country has made significant imports, mainly in powdered form. However, for the third consecutive year, in 2020 there was a decrease of 3,589 million liters in foreign purchases. Commercial origin-destination Most of the total volume imported in 2020 was purchased from the United States. This country supplied 3.482 billion liters. In the last two years, France Bos primigenius ranked second as a supplier, displacing Canada. Main buyer Supplier Description Cattle are classified into two species: Bos taurus (European), and Bos indicus 83,550,819* (Mexican imports) (Indo-Pakistani); specialized dairy cattle falls in the first classification. Among the • United States predominant specialized breeds in the country are: Holstein Fresian, Jersey and • United States • Denmark * USD • France • Spain Swiss Brown. • Canada • New • Chile Zeeland Product obtainment process • Germany • Norway Buyers • Uruguay Production is generated during the lactation periods in the (Mexican exports) reproductive cycle of cows from specialized cattle, crossbreeds and dual purpose cattle. Raw milk is used as an input for various • Colombia • El Salvador Importers and Exporters Of the top ten milk- processed products, from pasteurized milk in its multiple • Cuba • Trinidad and importing countries, nine forms (cheese, butter, cream, yogurt) to dairy formulas • Belize Tobago and wheys. • Guatemala • Honduras • Dominican • Peru • United States • New belong to the European Republic • Panama • Chile Zeeland • Canada • The continent. The purchases of the • Spain Netherlands Netherlands and Belgium stand out, who in 2020 made acquisitions for more than 1.2 million tonnes each. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 1,061 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 3,588.6 1,003 1,014 1,002 879 966 843 839 879 Volume 261.6 -3,327.0 -13.0 26.4 million liters 738 715 Value million USD 138 -742 -12.2 34.5 Increase Decrease 224.9 162.5 137.6 Benefits Some of the nutrients in cow's milk 66.5 71.0 70.9 86.2 102.3 can be a sleep aid: calcium stimulates relaxation and the amino acid 38.4 47.1 tryptophan increases the amount of serotonin in the brain, which is 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 essential for a good sleep. Imports Exports 169 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.0 7.9 6.8 6.5 8.5 9.2 9.0 8.5 7.8 9.7 8.6 9.5 4.7 6.9 4.6 10.4 12.0 12.8 8.7 9.6 10.2 6.3 5.8 8.0

Goat milk 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states It is mainly intended for the production of cheeses, whey and (thousand liters) State Volume Variation (%) milk-based sweets. In the last 10 (thousand 2019-2020 years, the average annual rate Rank Region of production growth was 0.1%, liters) 1.0 indicating a small, but positive AVERAGE National total trend. In 2020 the production was 159,575 163,590 163.5 million liters, 1% higher than in 2019. 1 Coahuila Northeast 44,888 -0.4 2 Guanajuato Center-West 42,793 1.4 Annual per capita 3 Durango Northeast 24,822 -1.4 consumption 4 Jalisco Center-West 5.5 5 Chihuahua Northeast 9,507 2.6 7,529 161,712 6 Zacatecas Northeast 6,348 7.7 155,636 7 San Luis Potosí Center-West 5,126 7.5 152,332 155,497 8 Michoacán Center-West 4,082 1.1 158,892 160,217 9 Baja California Sur Northwest 4,077 -1.1 162,323 163,651 161,901 163,590 10 Nuevo León Northeast 4,047 3.9 Others 10,371 -0.1 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Percentage of the production value by state Coahuila Coahuila contributes 27.9% of 27.9 the national production value of goat milk, the income from the commercialization of its product was 295 million MXN, 8.9% higher than the production value obtained in 2019. Durango Guanajuato 15.6 24.1 115 ml Share in the national Production 2020 Indicators Average production of livestock Producer Price Value 0.7% Million Million MXN liters MXN / liter 164 1,057 6.5 Variations Annual 1.0 7.0 5.9 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR 0.1 4.2 4.0 2011-2020 National monthly production (%) Increase Decrease The supply is very stable, so consumers, mainly industrialists, can get access to this input without problems. January February March April May June July August September October November December 8.0 7.6 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.8 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 170

World ranking 26th Out of every thousand liters of goat milk Goat milk world produced in the world, eight come from the producer Mexico Mexican herd. 168,531 The largest producer of this dairy product is India, with an annual generation capacity of tonnes 5.4 million tonnes. 2020 Foreign trade Capra hircus Although Mexico maintains a positive trade balance, its level of international Description trade in goat milk is limited; its flow is focused on derived products such as Goats are ruminants that have reproductive seasonality and multiple births (more pastes and cheeses. than one kid per birth). Goats are mainly found in arid and semi-arid regions of Commercial origin-destination Mexico. The breeds used in Mexico for milk production are the Alpine, Nubia, Of the domestic volume exported, it is estimated that the equivalent to 2.5 Saanen and Toggenburg. million liters was sold to the United States. On the other hand, 73.5% of imports came from the neighboring country to the north and 26.5% from three other Product obtainment process countries. The average milk production of a goat is 0.5 liters / day in 100 to 120 days. However, with specialized breeds in intensive systems, 2.5 liters Main buyer Importers and Exporters 2,446,273* • United States / day are obtained in 8 months. The production units allocate • United States between 20% and 30% of that product to the manufacture Of the total exports that Mexico made in 2020, of cheese (artisanal, delicatessen or gourmet) and 70 to * USD about 80% was curdled. 80% to the production of traditional sweets such as cajeta, glorias, obleas and flan. Supplier (Mexican imports) • United States • France • Spain • The Netherlands Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 5.4 5.3 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0.9 4.5 Volume 2.5 1.7 21.1 -37.6 million liters 1.2 3.8 3.8 2.4 1.2 12.4 -36.3 3.2 Value million USD Increase Decrease 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 Benefits 0.9 1.0 1.1 The fatty acids contained in goat's milk 0.5 have the unique metabolic quality of limiting cholesterol deposits in body 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 tissues. Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 12.7 3.8 14.7 14.6 2.1 15.8 5.7 0.2 11.5 4.9 0.7 13.3 5.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 171 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Honey 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states Increased application of herbicides, pesticides and fungicides to eliminate (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) crop pests have affected areas with (tonnes) 2019-2020 wildflowers which are vital to bee AVERAGE populations. In this way, over the last 58 National total 54,165 -12.6 10 years, honey production has been decreasing, registering an annual 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Jalisco Center-West 6,059 1.9 average of 58,000 tonnes. In 2020, 5,529 -43.6 sticking to this trend, the volume 2 Yucatán South-Southeast 5,434 obtained was 54,000 tonnes: 12.6% less 5,375 -1.2 than the previous year. 3 Chiapas South-Southeast 4,645 -28.5 4,592 Annual per capita 4 Campeche South-Southeast 2,450 -3.2 consumption 2,133 -1.6 5 Veracruz South-Southeast -1.1 -34.5 6 Oaxaca South-Southeast 7 Puebla Center 58 8 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 59 57 9 Michoacán Center-West 2,042 0.2 61 62 10 Guerrero Center 1,963 -3.2 Variations 55 Others 13,943 0.0 (%) Percentage of the production value by state 51 64 Jalisco obtained MXN 283 million 62 from the sale of 6,000 tonnes of 54 honey. This represented 12.9% of the total national production value. The beekeepers of this state received 46,740 MXN for the sale of every tonne of honey. Veracruz 9.3 Jalisco 12.9 207 g Chiapas 10.1 2020 Indicators Share in the national Annual Stock Production Value Average production of livestock 2019-2020 Producer Million Thousand Million 0.2% AAGR hives tonnes MXN Price 2011-2020 54 2,187 2 MXN -12.6 -12.1 / tonne -0.4 -0.7 1.5 1.7 40,377 0.6 2.2 National monthly production (%) Increase Decrease Although there is honey production throughout the year, the lowest availability is observed in the third quarter. January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.5 4.6 6.7 14.7 16.0 8.9 3.2 1.3 2.2 8.7 17.4 12.8 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 172

World ranking Honey 10th Mexico Global beekeeping has faced the continuing world challenge of keeping apiaries in production, producer derived from the decline of the ecosystem that affects the swarms. Mexican apiculture is no 54,165 stranger to this situation. tonnes Chinese apiaries obtain the largest amount of honey: 492,000 tonnes per year on average. 2020 Foreign trade Apis mellifera Mexico has an important export vocation, but the annual volumes of external Description sales during the last five years have not reached the the historical maximum Bees are flying insects that live in colonies or hives of 15 to 80 thousand individuals, registered in 2015: 42,000 tonnes. organized in three social ranges: the queen bee, the drones and the worker bees. They live practically all over the world, except for the icy regions of the planet. There are Commercial origin-destination more than 20,000 species of bees in the world; apis mellifera being the most used for honey production. At present, they are considered the most important pollinators, In 2020, Mexican exports reached 33 countries, the largest number in history. since they allow the reproduction of many species of plants and foster balance in Germany, which has very stringent of quality and safety standards, is the main importer of Mexican honey: 12,698 tonnes. nature. Main buyer Supplier Product obtainment process 31,366,578* The cycle begins with the flowering of plants. Bees collect pollen and nectar • Germany (Mexican imports) • Nicaragua from flowers to feed their young and produce honey. * USD They store the honey in the cells of the honeycombs, covering it with a Every year, about 600,000 tonnes of honey are Buyers traded in the world. The United States is the thin layer of wax (the operculum). Beekeepers perform the harvest largest importer. In 2020, it acquired about once most of the cells are operculated: they collect the frames (Mexican exports) 197,000 tonnes: 18.6% of this volume was certified full of honey from the racks, then they deposit them in organic. centrifugal machines that separate the honey from the • United States • Spain wax (extraction) and then finally package it for its • United • Japan sale. Kingdom • The • Saudi Arabia Netherlands • Switzerland • France • Belgium • Colombia Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 156.0 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 0.001 27,721 147.0 0.000001 Volume 27,721 -99.7 3.0 tonnes 120.4 Value 112.3 million USD 101.5 104.7 67.9 67.9 -99.9 0.1 90.3 93.7 Increase Decrease 67.8 67.9 0.004 0 0.021 0.003 0.015 0.010 0.007 0.016 0.003 NS Benefits Honey is effective in treating skin 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 wounds, coughs and allergies. It lowers cholesterol, prevents heart problems Imports Exports NS: Not significant and constipation, aids digestion, replaces sugar as a sweetener, and Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) contains antioxidants, vitamins and Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec minerals. 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 173 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 2.5 2.7 4.1 6.9 13.1 19.5 22.5 14.4 4.9 3.9 2.1 3.4









Tuna 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, the tuna catch reported a production of 118,000 tonnes in live (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) weight, 3.2% more than the previous (tonnes) 2019-2020 year and 1% less than the average of AVERAGE the last 10 years. 119 National total 118,010 3.2 Annual per capita 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20201109812916213011497119114 (%) 1 Sinaloa Northwest 84,167 14.2 consumption 2 Colima Center-West 18,032 25.0 118 3 Baja California Northwest 6,980 -29.7 963 g 4 Chiapas South-Southeast -54.1 5 Veracruz South-Southeast 6,121 13.9 6 Oaxaca South-Southeast 1,147 28.3 7 Nayarit Northwest 769 -51.4 8 Guerrero Center 494 180 0.7 9 Baja California Sur Northwest 81 44.9 10 Jalisco Center-West 36 -64.6 Others 4 -85.4 Percentage of the production value by state Baja Sinaloa increased the value of tuna California production by 19.1% during 2020, which meant MXN 157 million more than the 25.1 previous year, contributing 48.3% to the total national production value. The Sinaloa price per tonne of tuna received by the 48.3 producers of this state was MXN 11,588. Colima 11.5 Share in the national 2020 Indicators fisheries production Variations Volume Value Average 6.1% Producer Live weight Million Annual (thousand tonnes) MXN Price 2019-2020 2,020 118 MXN AAGR -7.6 / tonne 2011-2020 3.2 17,116 National monthly production (%) -10.4 Three-quarters of the catch in Mexico is obtained during the months of March to September. 0.8 5.9 5.1 Increase Decrease January February March April May June July August September October November December 1.5 4.0 10.8 12.9 11.9 11.9 9.2 10.0 8.5 4.0 11.4 3.9 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 178

World ranking Tuna 15th Mexico Mexican tuna fisheries obtain 2% of the total world world production of this fish. producer Indonesia is the largest tuna producer. It 118,010 obtains more than 1.7 million tonnes every year. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Thunnus albacares The volume of exports has shown a positive trend, allowing the country to reduce the Description magnitude of the trade deficit. In 2020, 60% of imports corresponded to frozen fish, This fish is gray or blue with a yellow or silver belly. It reaches 2 meters long and weighs while 40% of the exports are in the form of preparations and preserves. up to 180 kg. It must always be on the move to avoid sinking, since its body is very Commercial origin-destination heavy because of its strong and compact muscles. It lives in subtropical and tropical waters, with temperatures between 18° and 31° C, and depths from 0 to 100 meters, Mexico was able to export tuna to more than 30 countries, of which the U.S. and Spanish markets acquired 22,746 and 18,568 tonnes, respectively. In the case of which is why it is called an epipelagic fish. imports, 80.1% came from four countries: The United States, China, Spain and Taiwan. Main buyer Supplier Product obtainment process 92,244,054* Fishing is carried out with tuna boats, equipped with fixed or mobile nets • United States (Mexican imports) and various lines to fish with bait and longlines. The schools are located by * USD • China • Nauru air or with binoculars from the ship. A boat carries one end of the net • United States • Indonesia and surrounds the school forming a large bag that is pulled. Tuna Buyers • Spain • Seychelles is boarded with strong steel hooks and placed in the holds for • Taiwan • Fiji immediate freezing. (Mexican exports) • Vietnam • Kiribati Mexican exports include the • Spain • Panama Importers and Exporters bluefin species, which registers • Japan • Puerto Rico high sales prices. During 2020, it • El Salvador • Peru • United States • South Korea reached an average price of MXN 418 • South Korea • Ecuador • Spain • Ecuador per kilogram placed at the border. • Canada • Belize • China • Canada • Japan • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Chile Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 323 301 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 53,225 246 Volume 48,154 -5,070 7.8 4.5 221 tonnes 113 228 216.6 Value 221 108 6.8 -10.1 million USD 190.4 175 179 148 Increase Decrease 125.2 132 147 126.1 105.6 112.7 101.2 79.5 84.4 81.3 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Tuna is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids which have anti-inflammatory Imports Exports properties. Inflammation is one of the main causes of chronic-degenerative diseases. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 17.5 1.7 5.0 4.2 6.4 3.3 8.7 7.1 18.9 4.9 5.6 16.7 5.8 4.5 7.2 10.4 10.2 11.4 9.5 9.5 9.7 5.2 8.0 8.6 179 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Shrimp 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states It is the second species with the highest volume obtained. In 2020, (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) the production was 245,000 tonnes, (tonnes) 2019-2020 5.6% more than what was achieved AVERAGE in 2019 and 23.3% more than the 199 National total 244,819 5.6 average of the last 10 years. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Sinaloa Northwest 102,129 4.4 Annual per capita 93,725 6.1 consumption 2 Sonora Northwest 18,863 34.6 11,444 -23.7 1.8 kg 3 Nayarit Northwest 6,096 21.0 4,396 43.1 4 Tamaulipas Northeast 2,789 -15.5 -9.5 5 Colima Center-West 1,846 6 Baja California Sur Northwest 184 7 Campeche South-Southeast 162 128 8 Veracruz South-Southeast 158 213 206 228 230 232 245 9 Oaxaca South-Southeast 1,326 23.6 10 Baja California Northwest 1,106 142.0 Others 1,098 -39.4 Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 37.6 The sale of the 102,129 tonnes of shrimp obtained in Sinaloa generated a revenue of MXN 9.728 billion. The price per tonne received by the producers of this crustacean increased by 18.9%. Sinaloa 43.5 Nayarit 7.1 2020 Indicators Share in the national Volume Value Average fisheries production Producer Price 12.6% Live weight Million MXN (thousand tonnes) MXN / tonne 22,364 91,349 245 Variations Annual 5.6 18.8 12.5 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR 3.2 12.6 9.1 2011-2020 National monthly production (%) Increase During the last quarter of the year, two thirds of the national production is captured, which allows for higher quality and more accessible prices. January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.0 2.8 2.5 1.4 2.6 4.9 8.8 9.2 13.3 22.8 17.7 11.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 180

World ranking Shrimp 7th Mexico Every year, 10 million tonnes of shrimp are world obtained in the world. Of this, 2.6% comes from producer Mexican waters, in which the whiteleg variety stands out. 244,819 China gets the largest amount of shrimp: 3.6 tonnes million tonnes per year. 2020 Foreign trade The lower international demand for seafood products that are traditionally sold in restaurants, associated with the travel restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 crisis, determined a fall in Mexican shrimp exports during 2020. Commercial origin-destination Mexican international shrimp trade during 2020 included exports to 18 nations Litopenaeus vannamei and imports from 14. 26,000 tonnes were sold to the United States and 6,000 tonnes were purchased from China. Description This crustacean has a whitish to yellowish color, being slightly darker in the dorsal part of the shell. It reaches a length of 23 cm, with a 9 cm shell. Its body is protected by a thick shell made of chitin, which it needs to shed in order to grow. They are mandibular organisms, with articulated appendages, with two pairs of Main buyer Supplier antennas, gills and a shell. 252,458,052* (Mexican imports) • United States • China • India The largest imports Product obtainment process * USD are made by countries The capture is done with trawls and seines. Fishing instruments • Guatemala • United with high per capita incomes. Annually, cross- such as barriers, snips and cast or traversed nets are used in • Honduras Arab Emirates the brackish waters of lagoons. This decapod (ten legs) is nocturnal, so it feeds at night. It detects its food mainly Buyers • Thailand • Norway (Mexican exports) • Nicaragua • Indonesia • Netherlands Kingdom • United States border trade reaches 2.6 by smell and touch, in which the antennae play million tonnes with a value of an important role. • China • India Importers and Exporters • Japan • Dominican USD 21 billion. • Malaysia Republic • United States • United • France • Thailand • China Arab Emirates • United • Italy • Thailand • Spain • India • Vietnam Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 385 386 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 14,359 324 333 324 Volume 32,658 18,300 -17.2 -22.1 319 313 305 tonnes 68.4 263 274 268.5 Value million USD 305 236 -29.1 -21.0 Decrease 158.9 170.8 120.5 119.5 96.9 100.8 96.5 68.4 75.5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Benefits Imports Exports Boiled and grilled shrimp keep their lipid profile, but there is an increase Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) in antioxidant compounds, which have been linked to a decrease Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec in cholesterol levels and health 8.1 13.5 8.3 6.6 6.3 3.5 6.0 8.8 7.4 7.5 10.9 13.1 improvements in people with 8.0 8.0 7.4 3.4 3.1 4.0 4.8 5.9 9.2 16.8 19.1 10.3 diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Imports Exports 181 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Lobster 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states The value of this crustacean is one of the highest in the seafood trade. In (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) 2020, its catch reached about 4,000 (tonnes) 2019-2020 tonnes: 3.2% lower than the previous AVERAGE year. 4 National total 3,846 -3.2 Annual per capita 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Baja California Sur Northwest 1,768 -3.3 consumption 820 10.0 2 Baja California Northwest 598 455 5.5 3 Yucatán South-Southeast 43 15.0 39 -63.5 4 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 34 25.4 24 -14.5 5 Jalisco Center-West -81.4 6 Sinaloa Northwest 7 Guerrero Center 3 8 Nayarit Northwest 3 4 9 Michoacán Center-West 21 -73.0 4 5 10 Campeche South-Southeast 15 81.5 4 5 Others 29 -13.7 5 Variations 4Percentage of the production value by state (%)Baja Baja California Sur contributes California 56.6% of the national total 4 lobster production value. 17.9 The revenue obtained for the 1,768 tonnes of this decapod Baja California crustacean was MXN 613 Sur million. 56.6 Quintana Roo 11.5 13 g 2020 Indicators Share in the national Volume Value Average fisheries production Producer Million 0.2% Live weight MXN Price (thousand tonnes) 1,082 Annual MXN 2019-2020 4 -1.2 / tonne AAGR -3.2 281,329 2011-2020 2.0 2.1 National monthly production (%) 9.4 7.3 The most significant catches of lobster in the country are obtained from September to January. Increase Decrease January February March April May June July August September October November December 11.6 7.8 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 7.3 3.1 12.4 21.0 16.7 13.0 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 182

World ranking 13th Mexico contributes 1.3% to the world lobster Lobster world catch; the most common variety in the producer Mexico country is known as spiny lobster. 3,846 One out of every three tonnes obtained in the world is of Canadian origin. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade During 2020, international trade saw a decline. However, Mexico maintained the usual level of exports, which were higher by 68 tonnes compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the revenues showed a surplus of USD 15.702 million. Commercial origin-destination Palinurus elephas In the last four years, Mexican exports have gone to five countries, among Description which China stands out. This country went from acquiring 20 tonnes in 2017 to It is a crustacean whose body is divided into a cephalothorax (or “head”) and an 1,153 tonnes during 2020; in this way it cemented its spot as the main buyer of Mexican lobster by displacing the United States and Hong Kong. abdomen (or “tail”). The former is prickly and is attached to a small head with protruding eyes protected by spiny projections. It is dark violet or brown with abundant yellow spots on the abdomen, legs and antennae. Since it is a nocturnal animal, it almost does not move during the day, but at night it travels the seafloor seeking for food from dead fish, sea urchins, worms, squid and other mollusks. Main buyer Supplier Product obtainment process 63,305,224* • China (Mexican imports) * USD • Canada • Honduras Its capture is carried out with traps called creels, which are made with • Oman • United States strips of wood or wicker, in the form of a truncated pyramid. On the • Nicaragua China is the world's upper face of the mobile trap they have a one-way gateway which consists of an inverted funnel where the lobster enters, so that Buyers largest importer, sourcing it cannot get (Mexican exports) Importers and Exporters mainly from Vietnam, back out. The capture is carried out between October • Hong Kong • Canada Australia, New Zealand and and March, which is when these organisms • United States • Bermuda • United States Mexico. move to shallow areas. • France • Taiwan • Canada • Singapore • United • Australia Arab Emirates • Japan Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 110.0 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 39.4 103.3 1.1 94.3 Volume 2,184 2,144 -55.0 3.2 tonnes 88.8 Value 77.6 million USD 72.0 110 109 -54.8 16.7 Increase Decrease 36.5 Benefits 28.0 Lobster is a low-calorie protein source, 22.6 providing B vitamins and iron, which is important in oxygen transport, energy 19.1 production and DNA synthesis. 0.194 1.4 2.0 0.474 2.5 5.2 6.6 2.4 1.1 3.2 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2019 2020 2017 2018 Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 23.5 7.1 15.6 0.0 0.0 39.3 1.0 0.0 2.5 2.3 2.3 6.4 15.1 2.2 2.8 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.4 4.1 10.3 26.4 17.0 19.2 183 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Bream 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states It is a well-known species and widely consumed in Mexico for its (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) flavor and affordable price. In 2020, (tonnes) 2019-2020 103,000 tonnes were obtained AVERAGE (82.2% through aquaculture): 9.3% 127 National total 102,807 -9.1 less than what was registered in 2019. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20207678102129135183180168113 1 Chiapas South-Southeast 33,808 1.9 103 2 Jalisco Center-West 14,411 -15.1 Annual per capita 3 Nayarit Northwest 12,569 10.1 consumption 4 Sinaloa Northwest 12,173 -29.3 5 Michoacán Center-West 5,922 -20.5 1.5 kg 6 Veracruz South-Southeast 4,298 -20.5 7 Campeche South-Southeast 3,293 20.0 8 Hidalgo Center 3,183 14.5 9 Tamaulipas Northeast 2,905 3.6 10 Tabasco South-Southeast 2,285 -35.2 7,959 -17.5 Others Percentage of the production value by state Bream producers in Chiapas received MXN 34,990 per tonne sold, which contributed to the state's production value increasing by 37.4%, which achieved 322 million MXN more than the previous year. Sinaloa 10.0 Jalisco 11.3 Chiapas 35.2 Share in the national 2020 Indicators fisheries production Volume Value Average 5.3% Producer Price Live weight Million MXN (thousand tonnes) MXN / tonne 103 3,360 32,682 Variations Annual -9.1 5.7 16.3 (%) 2019-2020 AAGR 3.4 12.7 9.0 2011-2020 Increase Decrease National monthly production (%) Availability is stable throughout the year thanks to the capture and cultivation of the species. January February March April May June July August September October November December 9.0 9.5 9.5 8.3 7.1 7.2 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.5 8.3 8.2 Average availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 184

World ranking 9th Two out of every 100 tonnes of tilapia in the Bream world world are produced in Mexico. producer Mexico China is positioned as the largest producer 102,807 of this species, contributing 23.7% of the 6.9 million tonnes per year obtained in the world. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade The volume of domestic production is not sufficient to meet domestic demand, a situation that is resolved by purchases from other countries. In 2020, imports reached 87,753 tonnes, of which 74,000 corresponded to fillets. Commercial origin-destination Oreochromis auerus China maintains the leadership as the main supplier of Mexican imports. In Description 2020, it consigned 87,459 tonnes. With an elongated and narrow body, it can measure between 20 and 25 cm. The mouth is small, protractile, generally wide, often bordered by thick lips. The mandibles Main buyer Supplier have conical teeth and, in some cases, incisors. It has even numbered fins (pectoral 32,903,229* and ventral), and odd numbered ones (constituted by the dorsal, caudal and anal (Mexican imports) fins). It is possible to find it in rivers, lagoons, estuaries and brackish waters, from sea level to the mountains. Despite being native to hot climates, it tolerates cold waters. • United States • China • Canada Product obtainment process China and the U.S. are world The capture can be modulated depending on the quantity and * USD • Vietnam • United Kingdom Buyers • Honduras • United States leaders in exports, with sales frequency with which the available product is needed for (Mexican exports) • Hong Kong • Taiwan close to 883,000 and 291,000 commercialization. The captures are made with cast nets annual tonnes, respectively. when the fish have reached a suitable size for sale. The • Taiwan • Ivory • British Virgin Islands minimum capture size is 18.5 cm in total length. • Dominican Coast Republic • United Importers and Exporters • Thailand Arab Emirates • United States • Hong Kong • Taiwan • Hong Kong Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 201 199 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 180 186 87,753 170 Volume 170 4,762 -82,991 2.1 5.7 tonnes 152 Value 141 143 million USD 138 33.1 -137 -8.8 10.2 112 Increase Decrease 33.1 29.1 31.9 23.5 30.0 19.9 2014 2015 18.2 Benefits 10.4 The consumption of bream promotes muscle growth and helps in cell repair, 1.2 0.60 in addition to maintaining adequate metabolic activity. 2011 2012 2013 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Imports Exports Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.1 12.4 4.1 7.9 5.4 4.0 8.2 9.1 7.6 10.0 9.8 12.4 7.2 3.9 12.3 8.3 9.2 7.9 7.9 7.3 7.2 9.2 9.9 9.7 185 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Octopus 2011-2020 National production Top 10 in production volume volume Main states In 2020, the octopus catch showed a considerable decrease of 30.9% (thousand tonnes) Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) compared to the previous year and (tonnes) 2019-2020 26.5% against the average of the last AVERAGE 10 years. 36 National total 26,135 -30.9 Annual per capita 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Yucatán South-Southeast 14,173 -43.5 consumption 9,755 -3.2 2 Campeche South-Southeast 1,079 -0.9 -8.4 3 Baja California Sur Northwest 273 271 -43.8 4 Sonora Northwest 234 54.3 188 -36.0 5 Jalisco Center-West 79 27.0 6 Baja California Northwest 7 Guerrero Center 28 8 Oaxaca South-Southeast 31 25 9 Quintana Roo South-Southeast 47 -77.2 36 38 10 Veracruz South-Southeast 27 -4.8 39 39 Others 10 -85.9 57 38Percentage of the production value by state VariationsBaja California The value of octopus production Sur in Yucatan was MXN 605 million, (%) 265.3 which represents 51.7% of the national value of the octopod. The price of this cephalopod mollusk in the state increased by 0.3%. Yucatán 51.7 167 g Campeche 35.5 Share in the national 2020 Indicators fisheries production Volume Value Average 1.3% Producer Live weight Million Annual (thousand tonnes) MXN Price 2019-2020 1,170 26 MXN -31.6 / tonne -30.9 44,780 -1.1 AAGR -0.6 3.4 4.0 2011-2020 Decrease National monthly production (%) Increase The best season for its consumption is during the last five months of the year, since almost all of its capture is concentrated in this period. January February March April May June July August September October November December 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 17.5 20.9 22.4 19.2 15.4 Increased availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 186

World ranking 4th Each year, national fisheries contribute about Octopus world 40,000 tonnes to the world total. producer Mexico Of the more than 100 countries that catch 26,135 octopus, China leads the activity with an average of 115,000 tonnes per year. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade Mexico has an export vocation. However, unfavorable productive conditions in the last two years and the negative impact of the reduction in consumption in the main destination countries caused lower foreign trade during 2020. Commercial origin-destination Octopus maya During 2020, Mexican exports went to 18 countries, with Italy and the United States being the main customers with 2,241 and 1,285 tonnes, respectively. Description It is a cephalopod mollusk belonging to the order of the octapods, whose main characteristic is that it lacks a shell and has 8 arms or tentacles. Each of them presents two rows of sticky suckers that the octopus uses to hold on strongly to its prey and which also allow it to hold on to the rocks while it moves—which occurs with the propulsion it generates by expelling water, since it lacks swimming fins. Main buyer Supplier It lives in the cracks of rocks and holes in the seafloor, although it can also be 9,272,108* (Mexican imports) found invading the shells of gastropods and various other submerged objects. • Italy • Spain • Chile Product obtainment process • Peru • Japan The fishery mainly concentrates on two species: Octopus maya, * USD • United States • China also known as the Mexican four-eyed octopus, and O. vulgaris or • Vietnam • Mauritania Buyers common octopus. Along the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, it is the fourth most important species, (Mexican exports) • United States • Ghana Importers and Exporters Mexico makes regular since 98% of the national production comes from • Spain • Puerto Rico exports of octopus, especially Yucatán, Campeche and Baja California Sur. • Vietnam • France frozen or preserved. In 2020, • Colombia • South Korea • United States • Vietnam Spain acquired 458 tonnes from • Greece • Portugal • Spain • Japan our country, a figure below the historical maximum registered in 2015 (5,426 tonnes). Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 105 101.3 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 68.9 Volume 4,864 4,795 -60.4 -38.5 tonnes 0.6 24.3 23.7 -57.2 -47.0 Value million USD Decrease 61.3 56.0 57.2 56.5 46.7 45.9 30.6 24.3 0.969 2.6 2.8 1.3 1.3 0.911 3.6 2.4 1.3 0.562 Benefits 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Octopus contains amino acids and polysaccharides that have been shown Imports Exports to prevent and reverse depression. Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.7 15.4 1.0 1.7 5.8 2.8 1.4 2.0 0.5 13.5 7.3 46.9 12.0 8.6 6.4 0.3 4.2 4.6 4.1 10.1 22.4 15.0 9.2 3.1 187 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

Sardine 2011-2020 National production Production volume by state volume This species represents the largest Rank State Region Volume Variation (%) catch, its main use is to produce (thousand tonnes) (tonnes) 2019-2020 fishmeal, as food in the poultry industry, and to a lesser extent, in AVERAGE National total 729,192 29.8 canning for human consumption. In 618 2020, 729,000 tonnes were caught, a 1 Sonora Northwest 383,628 29.3 record figure in the last 10 years and 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 178,317 62.8 29.8% higher than that of 2019. 2 Baja California Northwest 83,929 17.4 Annual per capita 3 Baja California Sur Northwest consumption 4 Sinaloa Northwest 81,615 -1.4 5 Nayarit Northwest 1,228 27.7 6 Campeche South-Southeast 247 5,206.3 7 Yucatán South-Southeast 224 -24.7 684 8 Colima Center-West 2 -86.6 722 728 563 444 442 722 587 562 729 9 Veracruz South-Southeast 1 -96.0 10 Oaxaca South-Southeast 1 69.5 Others 0.01 -99.5 Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 43.2 Baja In 2020, Sonora increased the California value of its sardine production by 42.8%, which allowed it to obtain 28.1 MXN 195 million more than what was generated in 2019. This state Sinaloa contributed 43.2% to the national 16.0 production value of this fish. 5.4 kg 2020 Indicators Share in the national Volume Value Average fisheries production Producer Million 37.4% Live weight MXN Price (thousand tonnes) 1,503 MXN / tonne 729 53.3 2,062 12.5 Variations Annual 29.8 18.1 (%) 2019-2020 11.7 AAGR 0.7 2011-2020 Increase National monthly production (%) Mexican seas allow the capture of sardine all year round, with lower volumes between August and October. January February March April May June July August September October November December 8.1 7.7 8.4 8.4 11.0 13.6 9.2 4.2 3.4 5.5 10.3 10.2 Increased availability Average availability Little or no availability 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 188

World ranking 8th Annually, Mexico contributes on average 3% Sardine world to the world's sardine catch, which amounts producer Mexico to 16 million tonnes per year. 729,192 The Peruvian fishing fleet is the most productive with 6.1 million tonnes per year. tonnes 2020 Foreign trade The capture in 2020 allowed for a greater availability in volume for the foreign market, reaching 42,000 tonnes. The export of fishmeal also increased for the same reason. Commercial origin-destination Asian countries remain the main destination for the national exports. During Sardinops caeruleus 2020, South Korea stood out with 23,000 tonnes and Japan with 5,967, while the United States acquired 5,903 tonnes. Description It is a small silver fish with a single dorsal fin that is located at the center of its body, Main buyer Supplier one caudal fin split into two and a ventral fin with long spiny scales on the belly. It 9,018,425* (Mexican imports) has randomly scattered spots on the sides and radial marks on the gills, which distinguishes it from other members of this species. It measures up to 38 cm long. • South Korea • Ecuador • Canada Product obtainment process • Spain • Portugal * USD • Philippines • United States Purse seiners or clipper-type vessels and adapted shrimp boats are • China • Japan Buyers • Morocco used for its capture. The fishing gear used is generally the purse (Mexican exports) seine, which can be 250 to 270 m long, 30 to 60 m deep, and • United States • Vietnam with a mesh 3 cm wide. With this, the sardine school is • Japan • Panama • Thailand • Brazil surrounded and the net is closed at the bottom • Malaysia • Taiwan • Canada • El Salvador Importers and Exporters Of the importing nations, forming a bag before getting it on the boat. • Ecuador • Canada the three with the highest • United States • China purchases during 2020 were • Japan Spain, South Africa and China. Foreign trade evolution Trade flow (million USD) 2019-2020 Variation (%) 40.3 Imports Exports Balance Imports Exports 8,771 37.0 16.4 32.7 Volume 42,007 33,236 44.6 39.4 tonnes 27.5 26.3 19.3 2.9 42.0 28.7 Value million USD Increase 18.2 17.5 19.3 14.5 16.4 15.0 15.8 15.0 13.4 12.0 11.6 5.6 4.3 Benefits 4.4 2.4 The high phosphorus content in 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 sardines promotes bone and teeth health, maintains the pH of the skin Imports Exports and improves the biological functions of the brain.  Imports Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Exports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.1 5.5 11.8 1.1 2.0 8.5 12.3 14.7 5.5 7.8 10.5 19.2 8.5 10.5 9.1 7.6 10.0 8.7 6.9 2.3 9.2 9.9 9.2 8.1 189 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview









ACRONYMS BANXICO Bank of Mexico IPN National Polytechnic Institute WB World Bank OIE World Organisation for Animal Health WTO World Trade Organization CENAPA National Center for Animal Health Verification Services United Nations Organization for Gender Equality and the UN Women Empowerment of Women CENASA National Center for Diagnostic Services in Animal Health National Agrarian Registry CGIMA General Coordination Office of Agri-food Market Intelligence. RAN Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development CINVESTAV Center for Research and Advanced Studies SADER Ministry of Economy CONAGUA National Water Commission SE National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of National Service of Health, Safety and Agri-food Quality CONABIO Biodiversity SENASICA National Commission of Aquaculture and Fisheries Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources CONAPESCA National Population Council SEMARNAT Communications and Transport Secretariat CONAPO National Commission for Arid Zones SCT Food, Agricultural and Fisheries Information Service CONAZA INEGI National Survey of Occupation and Employment SIAP National System of Individual Identification of Cattle ENOE Mexico Reception Station SINIIGA National System of Exotic and Emerging Diseases ERMEX SINEXE Comprehensive Reference System for Phytosanitary FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Epidemiological Surveillance SIRVEF Epidemiological Surveillance System FAOSTAT Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of National Seed Inspection and Certification Service the United Nations SIVE Chapingo Autonomous University FIRCO Shared Risk Trust SNICS National Union of Poultry Farmers INAPESCA National Fisheries Institute UACh National Autonomous University of Mexico INEGI National Institute of Statistics and Geography UNA United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock UNAM Organization INIFAP Research United States Dollar International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation UNESCO Mexican Pesos INC National Institute for the Development of Capacities of the Rural Sector USD Inca Rural MXN Some abbreviations of the International System of Units used in this edition kilogram kg millimeter mm gram g meters above square meter m2 centimeter cm tonne t sea level MASL cubic meter m3 meter m liter l degree Celsius oC kilometer km milliliter ml degree º hectare ha percentage % 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 194

GLOSSARY Aquaculture. It is the set of activities aimed at the controlled reproduction, pre- Annual per capita consumption. It expresses the availability of a product per inhabitant fattening and fattening of species of fauna and flora carried out in facilities located in of a determined area (country, state, region, etc.) during a specific period. It is the figure fresh, marine or brackish waters, through breeding or cultivation techniques, which are obtained when substracting the exported volume from the internal production volume, susceptible to commercial, ornamental or recreational exploitation. adding the imported volume and then dividing the resulting amount by the population of a geographical area. It does not apply for products of indirect consumption such as Fisheries. Any form of exploitation of organisms that live in water. oil-seeds, fodders or ornaments. Agricultural year. Period of 18 months that results from the addition of the sowings Cyclical crops. They are harvests that have a vegetation cycle of less than a year. In and harvests that happen in the agricultural autumn-winter and spring-summer cycles, the country, the sows and harvests of this kind of crops are concentrated in two cycles: and of the harvests of perennial products. It stretches the October-December period autumn-winter and spring-summer. of a year, plus the next complete civil year and the months of January-March of the subsequent year. Perennial crops. Crops that have a vegetation cycle of more than a year. For this reason, in administrative records, January is considered as the start of the harvest and, December Sugar. Crystallized solid body, belonging to the chemical group of carbohydrates, white as the end. From these crops, there are four which are considered as special perennial in its pure state, soluble in water and alcohol, with a sweet taste. It is obtained from that—because of their productive, commercial and agro-industrial characteristics— sugar cane, beets and other vegetables. According to its state of purity or refining are registered in special specific periods for monitoring. They are: alfalfa, cacao, cherry (degree of polarization), various classes are distinguished. coffee, and sugarcane. Poultry meat in carcass. Slaughtered spent hen or chicken that is bled and plucked, Crustacean. Aquatic animal that belongs to the arthropod phylum. It is the main devoid of head, neck, crop, legs, oil gland and abdominal viscera. group of invertebrates, characterized by their chitinous exoskeleton and articulated appendixes; present in marine and fresh waters, as well as in land. For example: crabs, Beef in carcass. Slaughtered, bled and skinned animal, opened across the median line lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, etc. of the chest and abdomen to the tail. It is separated from the head at the neck; of the anterior extremities (back legs) at the carpalmetacarpal joint and of the posterior Destination. Term used to identify countries to which Mexico exports products. at the level of the tarsometatarsal joint. The tail is also amputated at the level of the last caudal vertebra. Without cavity viscera (except for the kidneys), leaving the diaphragm State. Major geographical unit of the political-administrative division of the country. adhered; without genitals or udders. Species. Set of beings that have one or several common characteristics. Meat in sheep and goat carcasses. Body of the slaughtered animal, bled and without It is the basic unit for biological classification. skin, open along the midline (sterno-abdominal); separated the head by the neck, at the level of the Atlanto-occipital joint; and the anterior limbs at the level of the carpo- Exports. Total products or assets that leave the national territory temporarily or metacarpal joint and the posterior limbs at the level of the tarso-metatarsal joint; definitely. Numbers can be defined as volumes, weight or monetary value. without viscera, except kidneys and perirenal fat. Gross. Unit of measure used for some crops to quantify production, mostly of ornamental Pork in carcass. Body of the animal slaughtered, bled, without hair, or bristles, plants. It is equivalent to 144 stalks (twelve dozens). eviscerated (the kidneys and internal fat may remain), with skin and limbs, open along the midline (sterno-abdominal), without spinal cord, with the the head separated from Table egg. Non fertile or non fertilized egg, destined for human consumption or for the body at the level of the neck (occipito-atloid joint) and with the head adhered by the industrial use. soft tissues to the rest of the body. Imports. Imports. The total products or assets that enter national territory temporarily Sugar Cycle. The period from 1 October of one year to 30 September of the following or definitely. Numbers can be defined as volumes, weight, or by monetary value. year; Animal stock. Number of animals that are found for livestock exploitation and the Spring-summer cycle. It is the cycle where sows are registered between April and obtention of different livestock products in a given period of time. In the case of September of the same year and the harvests are registered from June to March of the beekeeping, the stock refers to the number of hives. subsequent year. Bovine milk. The complete product that results from milking female specimens of Autumn-winter cycle. Cycle in which the sows are registered between October and the species Bos taurus and Bos indicuus or their crosses, excluding colostrum; white in March of the following year. The harvests generally begin in December and end in color; with a characteristic smell, taste and consistency. September of the subsequent year. Goat milk. The complete product that results from milking female specimens of the species Capra hircus, excluding colostrum; white in color; with a characteristic smell, Vegetation cycle. Sequence of changes in a vegetal organism from its germination to taste and consistency. the production of fruits. Honey. Sweet substance produced by Apis mellifera bees from plant nectar, sweet Buyer. Term used to identify countries to which Mexico exports products. exudates from live parts of plants and/or sugary excretions deposited on plants by Beehive. Place where a colony of bees lives. 195 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

insects, which bees transform and store in honeycombs. was partially lost. Imports. Imports. The total products or assets that enter national territory temporarily Irrigation surface. Area where an artificial supply of water is applied to benefit the or definitely. Numbers can be defined as volumes, weight, or by monetary value. crops. Potential market. Characteristic of an importing market of a country that could be Seasonal surface. Area in which the development of the crops depends entirely on the suitable for foreign trade. It establishes different commercial, statistical, productive or rains or the residual humidity of the soil. customs assumptions. Sown surface. Agricultural surface in which the seed or sapling of any crop is deposited Irrigation modality. It refers to the vocations of the surface, which may be seasonal or after preparing the soil. through irrigation systems. Lost surface. Sowed area that, during the cycle or agricultural year, registers a total loss Origin. Expression used to identify the countries from which Mexico imports a product. due to climate phenomena or because of pests or diseases. In the case of perennials, it is acknowledged as a total loss only for the current agricultural year considering that the Importing and exporting country. Nations to which products are exported and plantation is still available for harvest next year. from which they are imported as well. Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR). Value that shows the change in terms of Fishing. Activity in which by the capture, collection, extraction, cultivation or any other percentage of a variable, applying a factor of temporal succession (years, months, days, authorized method, some species that live completely or temporarily in water are hours). obtained; as well as the previous and following related actions. Temperature. Degree or level of heat in the environment, measured in degrees Celsius. Perennial. It refers to fruit trees and plantations with an economically useful life that goes from 2 to 30 years; even when biologically, there are species that can be productive Production value. Monetary value in current prices of the assets and services of the for 50 or even 100 years. productive activity during a reference period. Landed weight. It is the volume of fish that is achieved once it has been declared Agricultural, livestock and fisheries production value. Monetary amount at current landed, in its various forms: headless, filleted, eviscerated, in pulp, sliced, etc. prices of the products generated in the agricultural, livestock and fishing activity during a certain period. Live weight. Total weight of the fishing product at the moment it is obtained from its medium. It is calculated based on the landed weight, applying conversion factors Production volume. Amount of products generated in a productive activity during a established by the National Fishing Institute, according to the universally-adopted certain period destined for the market and / or for self-consumption. methodology by FAO. Agricultural, livestock and fishing production volume. Quantification of the volume Average producer price. The producer price is defined as the amount of money of goods generated through the agricultural, livestock and fishing activity during received by the producer for each unit of a good or service generated as production, a period of time. The volume of livestock and fishing products corresponds to a civil not including the value added tax (VAT—IVA in Mexico) or other taxes billed to the buyer. year, and the agricultural products to an agricultural year. Also, the fishing volume is In addition, said figure excludes any freight charge that was not included in the price considered in live weight and in the case of some livestock products, such as cow and and had to be billed separately. sheep milk, a conversion factor has been applied in order to set the measuring units from liters to kilograms. Average rural price. It is defined as the price paid to the producer in the first sale inside the production area, which is why it does not include economical incentives that the Annual variation. Value that shows the change that takes place in a variable between Federal or local governments could grant through support programs for the producers. two periods, one of them is established as the standard for comparison and it is measured as a percentage. Organic production. System for the production and processing of food, products, animal or vegetable by-products and/or other goods, with a regulated use of external Zafra. Name used to designate the period of the year in which the cane is harvested inputs, restricting (and, where appropriate, prohibiting) the use of synthetic chemical and sugar is produced. In other words, it is the period of production, harvesting and products. industrialization of sugar cane, from approximately October of one year to September of the following year. Supplier. Term that serves to identify those countries from which Mexico imports products. Ranking. Ordinal number that shows the place of an element in an ordered list according to a special characteristic or numeric value. Yield. Figure that results from diving the obtained production by the harvested surface. Trade balance. It refers to the amount of purchases minus the sales of products that a country makes. The balance has a surplus for a country when the total exports is larger than the imports, and a deficit when the imports exceed the exports. Harvested surface. Surface from which production was obtained, including that which 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 196

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION National Commission of Aquaculture and Fisheries (CONAPESCA). Installed capacity for the slaughter of livestock species. Database of annual fisheries production. https://www.gob.mx/siap/documentos/capacidad-de-sacrificio-of-species- https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/documentos/anuario-estadistico livestock -de-acuacultura-y-pesca Agri-food Information Consultation System (SIACON). National Population Council (CONAPO). https://www.gob.mx/siap/documentos/siacon-ng-161430 2016-2050 Population Projections. https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/proyecciones-de-la-poblacion Annual agricultural production. -de-mexico-y-de-las-entidades-federativas-2016-2050 http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierreagricola/ Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of the World Food Organization (FAO). Annual livestock production. World production statistics. http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierre_pecuario/ http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/es Monthly agricultural production. Statistical Division of the World Food Organization (FAOSTAT). https://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion Production. Crops. -agricola-33119 Production. Primary livestock. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/*/S Monthly livestock production. http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion -livestock?idiom=en World Trade Organization Trade map. https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx General Administration of Customs of the Tax Administration Service (SAT/ AGA). Databases. Ministry of Economy Online Tariff Information System. http://www.economia-snci.gob.mx/ FOOD, AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE (SIAP) 197 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES Production products was generated from the data available for 2019 that the Department of The various indicators for agricultural goods of the production sheet consider the Fisheries and Aquaculture of the FAO integrates and disseminates. statistics of the agricultural year, with the exception of seasonality. For livestock and fishery goods, the reference period for data and indicators is the calendar year. It’s worth mentioning that the FAO disseminates guava and mango as one According to the availability of information at the date of drafting of the publication, aggregated concept without the possibility of differentiation; for this reason, the the 2020 fishery data is considered preliminary. In the tables that show the volume world ranking of production for both products is the same. The aforementioned broken down by state, the national total for some products may differ slightly from situation also applies to broccoli and cauliflower and zucchini and pumpkin. the sum of the partials because of the rounding of figures. The data for the Mexican production volume that was published by this The blueberry product includes cranberries and blueberries. For sugarcane, international organization differs from the official data from Mexico for some the national production indicators correspond to the cane that is allocated for agricultural products. In this sense, the production volume figure corresponds to industrial usage. The flow corresponding to coconut fruit is included in copra, in the national statistics. Nonetheless, the statistic from the FAO was considered for order to have a comparable homologous series between production and flows the comparison with other countries in the calculation of shares and the world produced and sold abroad. Finally, derived from a statistical reconciliation by the ranking. The Mexican products under this situation are: broccoli, cocoa, zucchini, SIAP of the volumes of zucchini and cucumber from the years 2015 to 2019 with safflower, onion, cauliflower, copra, guava, tomato, lime, mango, table grape, bovine those presented by the country's exports, the figures for the aforementioned milk, tuna, shrimp, lobster, bream, octopus and sardine. period differ from those recorded in the previous publications of the agricultural Atlas and Panorama. For the world ranking in sugarcane production, the source is the International Sugar Organization for the 2019-2020 commercial year. Variation percentage and growth rate indicator When the variation indicator and average annual growth rate have the acronym Annual per capita consumption N/A, it means that it was not possible to determine it based on the fact that in any The indicator of annual per capita consumption takes the year 2020 of the periods of comparison the variable did not register data. Likewise, readers as a temporal reference. The universe ofpeople from CONAPO’s are cautioned that the calculation of the percentage variations and rates was projection at the middle of the year was considered for its calculation. carried out with all of the decimal digits, which is why they may not match those that result from using the value presented in the tables and graphs. The volume of annual national consumption for each product was obtained by adding the amounts of internal production and imports, and then subtracting the exports. In the case of the table with production volume disaggregated by state, when one In the case of coffee, the indicators make reference to green coffee; for its calculation of them presents 0 value and a variation of –100, it means that during the previous a conventional conversion factor was applied from cherry to green coffee. Likewise, comparison period it did register production volume. in the case of rice and cow and goat milk, a conversion factor was applied to the internal production for its adequate comparison with the volumes of exported and For the loss indicator, the abbreviation “NA” (Not Applicable) is written down for the imported goods according to the characteristics that are indicated in each tariff code. perennial crops, because the damages to this kind of crops do not result in total In order to standardize the production component with those of foreign trade, the loss, with the only consequence being a reduction in yields. The SIAP only provides volume of pumpkins was integrated into zucchini. a value for this concept when the plantations of cyclical crops were completely lost. For tequila agave, green alfalfa, cottonseed, fodder oats, sugar cane, safflower, barley grain, copra, gerbera, fodder maize, rose, fodder sorghum, grain sorghum, World ranking soy, tobacco, wheat grain and industrial grapes there is no information for the Mexico’s production rankings at an international level were determined from annual per capita consumption because they are considered products for animal 2019 statistics that the FAO integrates and distributes from the information feeding, for industrial use or ornamental products. generated by the countries, and in some cases, from their own estimations. For Foreign trade some products, it was not possible to determine the ranking because countries The data corresponding to the table that presents the volume and value of imports do not report their volumes or they are integrated with other products, without and exports, as well as the information on the map, have the administrative the possibility of identification. The products in this situation are: tequila agave, alfalfa, amaranth, fodder oats, gerbera, fodder maize, nopal, rose, fodder sorghum, tomatillo, industrial grape and raisins. In the case of blackberry, the rank was determined with the group “Bayas nep” reported by FAO, which integrates the figures for this fruit along with other berries. The production ranking of fishery 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview 198

registries of the customs petitions of the commercial operations under the to have figures that approximate the magnitude of the trade flows of such goods, definite regime of the General Administration of Customs of the SAT as a source. an identification was made only of the transactions of the goods indicated. In The data for zucchini consider the flows of pumpkin, the above derived from the particular, for goat's milk, the SIAP integrated the series from those operations in impossibility of identifying the flows that correspond to each product. Similarly, the which fluid milk and base for cheese or curd are recorded; although for derivatives, commercial flows of coconut fruit were considered in copra, based on the fact that conversion factors were applied to obtain a volume of liquid milk. the analysis carried out by the SIAP, determined a significant consignment of the operations of copra in the customs nomenclature of fruit trade. In this edition, the Likewise, in the case of guava, tomato, mango, green tomato and bream or bovine and caprine milk series resulted in a historical revision of the flows recorded tilapia, from the second quarter of 2012 own identification fractions were created, in the import documents in which liquid products whose content combines fat in previous periods they were integrated into fractions that also grouped other of animal and vegetable origin were excluded, as well as from the differentiated products, which is why a process of identification of the flows corresponding to application of conversion factors to kilograms for trade flows of milk powder. The each good was carried out for periods prior to the indicated date. above methodological considerations mean that the flows of the commercial volume of this edition are different from those published in past editions of the For coffee, the foreign trade indicators refer to the volumes of gold or green coffee, Panorama. and in the case of bone cotton, the data correspond to cotton seed intended for oil production or animal feed, since world foreign trade statistics, as well as In the list that presents the main countries with which the commercial exchange those of the national administrative registry, integrate the goods in the previous is carried out for each product, these are presented in descending order according presentations. Foreign trade flows of poultry meat include pastes. to the commercial value in each category of the flow. In the table Products and tariff fractions, the fractions that were considered to The reference to countries considered as a potential market for agricultural and integrate the figures of mexican foreign trade flows are shown for each good. It livestock goods was determined with the trade statistics of the World Trade is noted that the name of the product corresponds to a designation by the SIAP Organization. The potential condition was based on the following criteria: 1) the in order to facilitate the interpretation of the goods consigned in each fraction, country does not register significant imports of agricultural, livestock and fishing depending on the fact that the Mexican tariff nomenclature does not indicate it products from Mexico between 2016 and 2020; 2) the country reports significant directly. In the same way, the referential character of the same is noticed, with it volumes of imports; 3) the country is found among the first ranks for acquired the eventual integration of the statistical flows that other sources report from the volume or; 4) the country makes regular imports. Statistics for the following aggregates of fractions may not coincide with the series of the Panorama. products are not available in the world body's trade data: fodder oats, cauliflower, raspberry, gerbera, guava, fodder maize, nopalitos, rose, fodder sorghum, tequila, green tomato, blackberry and goat milk. The customs nomenclature (tariff items) to classify the goods and products that make up Mexico's foreign trade flows represents a technical difficulty in the integration of statistical series of some generic products; among the main causes are the grouped consignment of various agricultural or fishery products in a single fraction, and the non-correspondence between the description of the product in the fraction and that of the good under study. Among the agricultural products considered in the Food and Agricultural Panorama, amaranth, fodder oats, raspberry, broccoli, zucchini, peach, goat's milk, fodder corn, nopales, pear, fodder sorghum and blackberry do not have a direct identification tariff fraction because the transactions of these goods are imputed in general fractions. In order 199 2021 Food & Agricultural Overview