202110733-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G10-FY_Optimized

practice workbook Social Studies Grade 10 Name: Roll No: Section: School Name:

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This practice book is designed to support you in your journey of learning Social Studies for class 10. The contents and topics of this book are entirely in alignment with the NCERT syllabus. For each chapter, a concept map, expected objectives and practice sheets are made available. Questions in practice sheets address different skill buckets and different question types, practicing these sheets will help you gain mastery over the lesson. The practice sheets can be solved with the teacher’s assistance. There is a self-evaluation sheet at the end of every lesson, this will help you in assessing your learning gap.



TABLE OF CONTENTS • Assessment Pattern: 40 Marks • Assessment Pattern: 80 Marks • Syllabus & Timeline for Assessment Geography Page 1: Chapter: 1   Resources and Development Page 10: Chapter: 2   Forest and Wildlife Resources Page 19: Chapter: 3   Water Resources Page 28: Chapter: 4   Agriculture Page 38: Chapter: 5   Minerals and Energy Resources Page 49: Chapter: 6   Manufacturing Industries Page 60: Chapter: 7   Lifelines of National Economy History Page 72: Chapter: 1   The Rise of Nationalism In Europe Page 83: Chapter: 2   Nationalism in India Page 89: Chapter: 3   The Making of a Global World Page 96: Chapter: 4   The Age of Industrialisation Page 104: Chapter: 5   Print Culture and the Modern World Social and Political Life Page 114: Chapter: 1   Power-sharing Page 121: Chapter: 2   Federalism Page 128: Chapter: 3   Democracy and Diversity Page 136: Chapter: 4   Gender, Religion and Caste Page 144: Chapter: 5   Popular Struggles and Movements Page 149: Chapter: 6   Political Parties Page 156: Chapter: 7   Outcomes of Democracy Page 163: Chapter: 8   Challenges to Democracy Economics Page 170: Chapter: 1   Development Page 178: Chapter: 2   Sectors of the Indian Economy Page 189: Chapter: 3   Money and Credit Page 198: Chapter: 4   Globalisation and the Indian Economy Page 205: Chapter: 5   Consumer Rights







Grade 10 / Social Max Internal PAPER: BEGINNER PAPER: PROFICIENT Mark Option Q.No Skill Level Difficulty Level Skill Level Difficulty Level Easy Medium Difficult Easy Medium Difficult Section A (Question Type: VSA) 11 Remembering • Remembering • 21 Understanding • Understanding • 31 Applying • Applying • 41 Remembering • Remembering • 51 Remembering • Remembering • 6 1 • Understanding • Understanding • 71 Analysing • Analysing • 8 1 • Analysing • Analysing • 91 Applying • Applying • 10 1 Remembering • Remembering • Section B (Question Type: SA) 11 3 • Remembering • Remembering • 12 3 Applying • Applying • 13 3 • Understanding • Understanding • 14 3 Applying • Applying • Section C (Question Type: LA) 15 5 • Remembering • Remembering • 16 5 Understanding • Understanding • 17 5 Analysing • Analysing • 18 3 • Map • Map • Beginner Paper: (Easy: 50%, Medium: 40%, Difficult: 10%) Proficient Paper: (Easy: 40%, Medium: 40%, Difficult: 20%) Easy Question: Remembering questions directly from the text or from the given exercises. (Mostly from content of book or end of chapter exercise). Medium Difficulty Question: In-depth understanding of questions, not necessarily from the text. (Slightly modified concepts or end of chapter questions). Difficult Question: Question involving creativity like story writing, analysis question like character analysis, justification of title or extracts (mostly requires creative and thinking skills).

ASSESSMENT PATTERN Marks: 80 Grade 10/Social Max Internal PAPER: BEGINNER PAPER: PROFICIENT Mark Option Q.No Skill Level Difficulty Level Skill Level Difficulty Level Easy Medium Difficult Easy Medium Difficult Section A (Question Type: VSA) 11 Remembering • Remembering • Remembering • 21 Remembering • Understanding Remembering • 31 Understanding • Remembering • Understanding • • 41 Remembering • Remembering • • Applying • 51 Remembering • Remembering • • Understanding • 61 Understanding • Remembering • Understanding 71 Remembering • Applying Remembering 81 Applying • Analysing • Applying 91 Remembering • Remembering • Analysing • 10 1 Understanding • Analysing • Analysing • 11 1 • Remembering • • • 12 1 Understanding • 13 1 Applying • 14 1 Remembering • 15 1 • Analysing • 16 1 Applying • 17 1 Remembering • 18 1 • Analysing • 19 1 Analysing • 20 1 Analysing • Section B (Question Type: SA) 21 3 • Remembering • Remembering • Applying • 22 3 Applying • Remembering • Understanding 23 3 • Remembering • Remembering • Analysing • 24 3 Understanding • Understanding • Analysing • 25 3 Remembering • • 26 3 • Analysing • 27 3 Understanding • 28 3 Analysing • Section C (Question Type: LA) 29 5 • Remembering • Remembering • Analysing • 30 5 Analysing • Understanding • Applying 31 5 Understanding • Applying • Understanding • 32 5 Applying • • 33 5 • Applying • 34 5 Understanding • Section D (Question Type: SA) 35 3 Map • Map • Map • 36 3 Map •

SYLLABUS FOR ASSESMENT PT-1 TE-1 PT-2 MOCK CHAPTERS ✓✓ ✓ ✓ Chapter: 1   Geography: Resources and Development ✓ ✓ Chapter: 2   Geography: Forest and Wildlife Resources ✓ ✓ Chapter: 3   Geography: Water Resources ✓ Chapter: 4   Geography: Agriculture ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 5   Geography: Minerals and Energy Resources ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 6   Geography: Manufacturing Industries ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 7   Geography: Life Lines of National Economy ✓ Chapter: 1   History: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe ✓ ✓ Chapter: 2   History: Nationalism in India ✓ ✓ Chapter: 3   History: The Making of a Global World ✓ Chapter: 4   History: The Age of Industrialisation ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 5   History: Print Culture and the Modern World ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 1   Social and Political Life: Power-sharing ✓ Chapter: 2   Social and Political Life: Federalism ✓ ✓ Chapter: 3   Social and Political Life: Democracy and Diversity ✓ Chapter: 4   Social and Political Life: Gender,Religion and Caste ✓ ✓ Chapter: 5   Social and Political Life: Popular Struggles and ✓ Movements ✓ ✓ Chapter: 6   Social and Political Life: Political Parties ✓ Chapter: 7   Social and Political Life: Outcomes of Democracy ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 8   Social and Political Life: Challenges to Democracy ✓✓ ✓ Chapter: 1   Economics: Development ✓ Chapter: 2   Economics: Sectors of Indian Economy ✓ ✓ Chapter: 3   Economics: Money and Credit ✓ ✓ Chapter: 4   Economics: Globalisation and the Indian Economy ✓ ✓ Chapter: 5   Economics: Consumer Rights Periodic Test-1 Assessment Timeline Term Exam-1 1st July to 31st July Periodic Test-2 23rd September to 21 October Mock Test 16th December to 13th January 17th February to 9th March



PRLAECSTSICOENSWHIESEETS (This section has a set of practice questions grouped into different sheets based on different concepts. By answering these questions you will strengthen your subject knowledge. A self-evaluation sheet is provided at the end of every lesson.)



1. Resources and Development Month : June Total Periods : 06 Learning Outcomes • To categorise the land use pattern of India. • To understand the importance of soil as a At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • To define resource. resource. • To classify resources on the basis of origin, • To identify the different types of soil found in exhaustibility, ownership and status of India. development. • To locate different regions of India having such • To identify the types of resources. • To understand the need of resource planning in soil types. India. • To understand the value of resources and • To describe the significance and the need for conservation of resources. the need for their judicious utilisation and conservation. Concept Map Resources Meaning of resources Land resource Land degradation Classification of resources Land use pattern in India Meaning of land degradation Resource planning- Meaning Soil as a resource and its importance Causes and its importance Types of soil and its distribution in India Measures Conservation of resources Outline map of major soil types (Identification only) Key Points plans with overall national development plans. • Conservation of resources is necessary. This • Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs provided it is means that resources should be used in a technologically accessible, economically feasible judicious and planned way. and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘a • Land is a natural resource of utmost importance. resource’. It supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, transport and • Resources can be classified in the following ways– communication systems (a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic (b) • The use of land is determined both by physical On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and factors such as topography, climate, and soil non-renewable (c) On the basis of ownership – types as well as human factors such as population individual, community, national and international density, technological capability and culture and (d) On the basis of status of development – traditions etc. potential, developed stock and reserves. • India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. • Resource planning refers to the strategy for • About 43% of the land area is plain, Mountains planned and judicious utilisation of resources. account for 30% and 27% of the area of the country is the plateau region. • Resource planning is essential for sustainable • There are about 130 million hectares of degraded existence of all forms of life. land in India. • Approximately, 28% of it belongs to the category • Resource planning is a complex process which of forest degraded area, 56% of it is water eroded involves: (i) Identification and inventory of area and the rest is affected by saline and alkaline resources across the regions of the country. (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with 1 appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. (iii) Matching the resource development

1. Resources and Development Month : June Total Periods : 06 deposits Alluvial soil, Black soil, Red and Yellow soil, • Human activities such as deforestation, Laterite soil, Arid soil and Forest soil. • The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent over-grazing, mining and quarrying too have washing down is described as soil erosion. contributed significantly in land degradation. • Human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, • Soil is the medium for plant growth and supports construction and mining etc., while natural forces different types of living organisms on the Earth. like wind, glacier and water lead to soil erosion. • Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil. • The soils of India are classified in different types: Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet PS -1 Introduction and • Meaning of resource Development of resource • Classification of resources • Problems associated with indiscriminate uses of resources • Introduction of sustainable development Resource planning in • Meaning of resource planning, PS-2 India and Conservation conservation of resources of resources • Importance of resource planning • Need of resource planning and Conservation of resources in India Land resource and Land • Land resource- Meaning and impor- PS-3 use pattern in India tance Land degradation and PS-4 Soil as a resource and • Land use pattern in India Maps • Soil- Importance, Types of soil in PS-5 Self-evaluation India, Soil erosion • Land degradation-Meaning, causes, Sheet measures • Outline map of major soil types(Identification only Worksheet for “Resources and Development” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 2

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. Define the term resources. 2. Which resources demand extra care and why? Give examples? 3. What is sustainable development? 4. What are the roles of human being in the process of resources development and management? 5. Classify resources on the basis of ownership. Explain all of them. 6. Differentiate between renewable and non- renewable resources. 7. Classify resources on the basis of status of development. Explain all of them. 8. What is Rio de Janeiro Summit 1992 and state its importance. 9. What is Agenda 21? What is it major objective? 10. Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems. Justify the statement. 3

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What is resource planning? 2. Why is there a need of resource planning in India. Give examples. 3. Resource planning is a complex process. Explain the statement. 4. In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources. Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with examples. 5. Explain the importance of conservation of resources. Elucidate in the light of Gandhiji’s view. 6. Conservation of resources is important for future development. Give one reason to support the statement. 4

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. What is fallow land? Give two examples showing how it is converted into cultivated land. 2. Explain the land use pattern in India. 3. India has land under a variety of relief features. Explain this statement. 4. Land is a natural resource of utmost importance. Explain this statement. 5. 33% of the geographical area should be forests. Justify the statement. 5

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) types marked by 1-6 and write their names in the blank space. India Political lVIap 1. State some adverse effect of increasing agricultural production? INDIA 2. What are the effects of mining? MAJOR SOIL TYPES 3. Why is soil a significant resource? 3 4. What are the important factors responsible for 2 the formation of soil? Name four broad types of 5 soils found in India. 5. What are the human activities which lead to soil 1 erosion? 6. How do industries cause land degradation? 6 ',. . 0 7. Suggest some measures to solve the problem of land degradation in India. • 8. How have human activities caused land degradation? 9. Which is the most important soil in India? Write three main characteristics of this soil. 10. Distinguish between Red soil and Laterite soil. 11. Name the soil type which is widely found in western Rajasthan. Mention the characteristics of this type of soil which make it unsuitable for cultivation. 12. Mention some characteristics of forest soil. 13. Mention important steps to be taken to control soil erosion. 14. Read the pie-diagram and answer the following questions: (a) What is the percentage of forest degraded area, water eroded area, saline and alkaline land and wind eroded area? (b) What are the main reasons of such degradation? (c) What are the main reasons of severe land degradation in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa? 15. On the outline map of India, identify the soil 6

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Recently Telangana government has taken over 1. What is infiltration of water? one of the natural resources for building Metro rail. a. Process by which water soaks into the soil from the Name it. surface a. Water b. Unfiltered water enters our tanks b. Land c. Filtering of water by natural process inside the soil c. Forest area d. Purifying the sea water d. None of these 2. Which of the following category, water does not 8. Which is the most important renewable natural come into? resource which supports different types of living a. Reserve organisms? b. Renewable a. Water c. Biotic b. Forest d. Non recyclable c. Soil 3. What is a resource? d. Air a. It is the medium through which we can do other 9. What was so special about International Earth things Summit? b. It is a source or supply from which a benefit is a. Meeting to achieve global sustainable produced development. c. It is a starting point for rivers. b. To combat environmental damage, poverty, d. Sun is in other words known as resource as its disease source of all forms of energy c. global co-operation on common interests, mutual 4. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops needs and shared responsibilities in some fields. Do you know why? d. all of the above a. This breaks up the force of the wind. 10. Laterite soil is generally deficient in plant b. Thereby they grow into another type of crop nutrients. Give reason. c. They are left deliberately to restrict any animals a. This area is very rocky d. These grass are left to allow birds to sit on them b. This is due to intense leaching due to heavy rain rather than on the actual crop c. The area is a barren land with less moisture 5. Under which category can natural gas be put d. Because of soil erosion into? II. Short Answer Questions a. Replenishable 1. What are renewable and non renewable b. Fossil fuel resources? Give examples. c. Abiotic 2. Answer the following questions based on the d. Man made pictures: 6. Stock in geography means – a. Materials available in environment which satisfies (i) Name the type of soil and what do you know about human need. it. b. Materials about which we know theoretically but not yet found them c. Materials which have been stored for future usage d. Materials in the environment which we have been using at full potential 7

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) (ii) What do you think has happened here? (iii) Name the type of farming and where do you find it? 3. What is resource planning and how is it useful for utilisation of land? III. Long Answer Questions 1. Describe the soil types which are numbered in the given map. 2. It is acceptable that resources are vital for human survival. But how far are we utilising it properly. What are the causes and effects of depletion of natural resources? 8

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. Classify resources on the basis of origin, iii. Soil erosion is also caused due to defective exhaustibility, ownership and status of methods of farming. Ploughing in a wrong way i.e. development.  (1 mark) up and down the slope form channels for the quick flow of water leading to soil erosion. Ans: Resources can be classified in the following ways– 6. What are the steps involved in the complex process of resource planning? (3 marks) (a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic (b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and Ans: The steps involved in the complex process of non-renewable resource planning are: (c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international i. Identification and inventory of resources across (d) On the basis of status of development – the regions of the country. This involves surveying, potential, developed stock and reserves. mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. 2. What is resource development?  (1 mark) ii. Evolving a planning structure endowed with Ans: Resource development is not an exploitation appropriate technology, skill and institutional set but preservation and reuse of the resources to up for implementing resource development plans: satisfy human need. iii. Matching the resource development plans with 3. What are the factors which determine land use overall national development plans: pattern in India? (1 mark) Ans: The use of land is determined both by physical 7. How was black soil formed? Mention its factors such as topography, climate, soil types as characteristics and its distribution in India. well as human factors such as population density,  (5 marks) technological capability and culture and traditions Ans: Black soils have been formed from the etc. weathered lava flows found in the Deccan Trap region. The main characteristics are: 4. What is land degradation?  (1 mark) i. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. Ans: Land degradation is the depletion of the land ii. The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. due to faulty agricultural practices, overgrazing, clayey material. deforestation and mining. iii. They are well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. 5. What is soil erosion? What are the main causes iv. They are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium of soil erosion?  (3 marks) carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Ans: The denudation of the soil cover and Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and subsequent washing down is described as soil Chhattisgarh and extend in the south east direction erosion. along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys. The main causes of soil erosion are: i. Human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining etc. ii. Natural forces like wind and water lead to soil erosion. 9

2. Forest And Wildlife Resources Month : July Total Periods : 08 Learning Outcomes flora and fauna. • Understand the importance of conservation of At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Define flora and fauna. forests and wildlife in India. • Explain the familiarise with the concept of • Differentiate between the Reserved, Protected biodiversity. and Unclassed forests. • Understand the importance of biodiversity for • Know the contribution of local communities and human life. their struggling to conserve habitat. • Classify the existing plants and animals species • Know about the conservation programmes like based on the IUCN. Chipko movement and Beej Bachao. • Identify various plants and animals species. • Know the factors that cause depletion of the Concept Map Forests and Wildlife Resources • Meaning-Flora, Fauna • Conservation of • Types and • Community & and Biodiversity forest & wildlife distribution of Conservation forest & wildlife • Importance of • Importance of • Conservation strategies biodiversity conservation • Classification of by local communities forests based on • Classification of existing • Indian Wildlife Forest department • Traditional methods of plants &animals based Protection Act conserving nature on IUCN • Distribution of • Project Tiger forest resources in • Conservation • Negative factors causing India Programme-Chipko depletion of flora and movement & Beej fauna Bachao Key Points • Humans and all living organisms form a complex forests was during the colonial period due web of ecological system in which we are to the expansion of the railways, agriculture, dependent on this system for our own existence. commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities. • Forests play a key role in the ecological system as • Large-scale development projects have also these are also the primary producers on which all contributed significantly to the loss of forests. other living beings depend. • The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly • India is one of the world’s richest countries in correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. terms of its vast array of biological diversity, and • Conservation preserves the ecological diversity has nearly 8%of the total number of species in and our life support systems – water, air and soil. the world. • It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and • At least 10% of India’s recorded wild flora and breeding. 20% of its mammals are on the threatened list. • The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for • Based on the International Union for protecting habitats. Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources • The conservation projects are now focusing (IUCN), we can classify species as Normal, Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Endemic and Extinct species. • The greatest damage inflicted on Indian 10

2. Forest And Wildlife Resources Month : July Total Periods : 08 on biodiversity rather than on a few of its has successfully resisted deforestation in several components. areas. • The Forest Department has classified forests • The Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya under the following categories: Reserved, has shown that adequate levels of diversified Protected and Unclassed Forests. crop production without the use of synthetic • Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based chemicals are possible and economically viable. on the premise that all creations of nature have to • In India, Joint Forest Management Programme be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several (JFM) furnishes a good example for involving local virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred communities in the management and restoration Groves. of degraded forests. • The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Introduction • Meaning-Flora and Fauna, Biodiversity PS -1 • Importance of biodiversity • Flora and Fauna in India • Classification of existing plants and animals based on IUCN • Negative factors causing depletion of flora and fauna Conservation of forest • Importance of conservation of forest PS-2 and wildlife in India and wildlife resources • Indian Wildlife Protection Act • Project Tiger Types and distribution • Classification of forests based on Forest PS-3 of forest and wildlife department of India resources • Distribution of forest resources in India Community and • Conservation strategies by local PS-4 Conservation communities PS-5 • Sacred groves Self-evaluation • Traditional methods of conserving Sheet nature • Conservation related programmes like Chipko movement and Beej Bachao Andolan Worksheet for “Forest and Wildlife Resource” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 11

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What is biodiversity or biological diversity? 2. Define Flora and Fauna. 3. What is vanishing forest? 4. What are the main causes of environmental destruction? 5. What are the main factors responsible for India’s biodiversity? 6. Classify existing plants and animals on the basis of IUCN. 7. What do you mean by vulnerable species? 8. How do forests play a key role in the ecosystem? 9. Why is biodiversity important for human life? Explain with example. 10. Explain the negative factors that cause depletion of flora and fauna in India? 11. What is the Himalayan Yew? Mention the main reason for its threat? 12. Mention human activities which are responsible for the depletion of flora and fauna. 13. Differentiate between extinct and endangered species. 14. Large scale development projects contributed significantly to the loss of forests. Explain this statement with suitable example. 15. Give reason for the extinction of Asiatic Cheetah in India. 16. Explain any two reasons why forest resources are depleting after Independence in India. 17. Give reasons which led to decline in the biodiversity of India. 12

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What is Project Tiger? 2. What are the efforts of Project Tiger? 3. Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife? Explain with examples. 4. Explain the contribution of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act is protecting habitats in India. 5. Give reasons why the tiger population is rapidly reducing in India. 6. Conservation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather on a few of its components. Explain this statement. 7. Forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment. Justify this statement by giving reasons. 13

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. In which three categories are forests divided by the forest department of India? 2. What are unclassed forests? Give an example. 3. Which state of India has the largest permanent forest? 4. Which states of India have large percentage of reserved forest? 5. Differentiate between Reserved forest and Protected forest. 14

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. What have been the effects of Beej Bachao Andolan towards conservation? 2. What do you know about Chipko Movement? 3. Enumerate the features of Joint Forest Management Programme. 4. How has the sacredness ascribed to plants and animals helped in protecting tribal people? Explain with examples. 5. How are villages of Alwar district of Rajasthan struggling to conserve their forests and wildlife? 6. What are ‘Sacred groves’? Give examples of some species of flora which are worshipped by the tribals. 7. What are the steps taken by the government to conserve wildlife in India? 15

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: d. Grazing and fuel wood collection 1. Primary producers on which all other living 8. How is enrichment plantation done? beings depend- a. Plant is enriched with special nutrients to grow a. Soil healthily b. Organisms b. A single commercially valuable species was c. Forests extensively planted and other species eliminated d. Water c. soil is injected with pesticides before planting 2. Which animals are on the verge of extinction? saplings and later plantation is done a. Black buck d. Alternate plants of different species are planted b. Elephant which would be helpful to each other while growing c. Lions 9. The conservation projects are focused on d. Tigers a. Indian wild life 3. Name the world’s fastest land mammal. b. Insects a. Tiger c. Plants b. Cheetah d. All of the above c. Lion 10. The major threats to tiger population are d. Deer numerous, such as 4. Species which are not found after searches of a. Poaching for trade, known or likely areas where they may occur are b. Shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, called _____. c. Trade of tiger skin and bones a. Endemic species d. All of the above b. Endangered species c. Extinct species d. Vulnerable species 5. The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened due to ________. a. Mining b. Agricultural expansion c. Rise in sea levels d. Industrial expansion 6. Which developmental projects have contributed for the depletion of forest area? a. Road and rail development b. Chipko movement c. The Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh d. Nizam sagar project 7. Which of the following are not the reasons for depletion of forests? a. Large scale development projects b. Agricultural expansion c. Development of information technology 16

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Answer the following questions in short. (i) Biodiversity (ii) Endemic species (iii) Chipko movement 2. How and why are traditional or local tribal communities being involved in conservation of forests? 3. The destruction of forests and wildlife is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. What does this statement say? III. Long Answer Questions: 1. What are the causes of destruction of natural vegetation and wildlife in our forests? 2. Why do we have to conserve forests and wildlife? 17

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. How is the colonial period to be blamed for 7. Explain India’s biodiversity. (5 marks) depletion of forest? (1 mark) 2. What are endemic and rare species? Give exam- ple. (1 mark) 3. What are rare species? Give example. (1 mark) 4. Give two reasons behind depletion of flora and fauna. (1 mark) 5. Mention any three measures to conserve ecosystem. (3 marks) 6. Mention three methods of forest conservation. (3 marks) 18

3. Water Resources Month : August Total Periods : 06 Learning Outcomes projects in India. • Define dam. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Know the advantages and disadvantages of • Know the meaning of renewable water multipurpose projects resources • Know about the water conservation movements • Know about the hydrological cycle. • Understand the importance of water as a like Narmada Bachao Andolan and Tehri Dam Andolan. resource. • Know about the traditional methods of • Know the reason behind water scarcity in India rainwater harvesting in India. • Understand the effects of industrialisation and • Understand the benefits of rainwater harvesting. urbanisation in the quality of water. • Identify the areas where rainwater harvesting is • Understand the main reasons why some areas practice. • Aware about the judicious use of water and its having sufficient water availability but still conservation. suffers water scarcity. • Understand the need to conserve and manage water resources. • Know and identify the multipurpose river Concept Map Water resources Meaning of renewable water Multipurpose river projects Rainwater Harvesting resources Dams- Meaning, Advantages & Meaning & importance Water scarcity in India- Disadvantages Reasons Multipurpose river projects- Various traditional Merits & Demerits methods of rainwater Water conservation and Water Conservation management movements- Narmada Harvesting Bachao Andolan & Tehri Dam Andolan Key Points • Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population and consequent greater • About three-fourth of the earth’s surface is demands for water and unequal access to it. covered with water, but only a small proportion of it accounts for fresh water that can be used. • Post-independent India witnessed intensive industrialization and urbanization, creating vast • Fresh water is mainly obtained from surface run opportunities for us. off and ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological • The ever-increasing number of industries has cycle. made matters worse by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources. • All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is a renewable resource. • Today in India, hydroelectric power contributes approximately 22% of the total electricity • The availability of water resources varies over produced. space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation, but water • Archaeological and historical records show that scarcity in most cases is caused by over – from ancient times, we have been constructing exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to sophisticated hydraulic structures like dams built water among different social groups. 19

3. Water Resources Month : August Total Periods : 06 of stone rubble, reservoirs or lake, embankments • It has transformed the social landscape i.e. and canals for irrigation. increasing the social gap between the richer • Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers landowners and the landless poor and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields. • ‘Rooftop rain water harvesting’ was commonly • Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for practiced to store drinking water, particularly in electricity generation, water supply for domestic Rajasthan. and industrial uses, flood controls, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. • In the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly • In recent years, multi-purposes projects and in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the large dams have come under great scrutiny and houses traditionally had underground tanks for opposition for a variety of reasons. storing drinking water. • Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water • Rainwater, or pular pani, as commonly referred intensive and commercial crops. to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water. 20

3. Water Resources Month : August Total Periods : 06 Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Introduction & • Meaning-Renewable water resources PS -1 Water scarcity and the need for water and Hydrological cycle PS-2 conservation and • Water scarcity- Meaning and reasons for PS-3 management PS-4 water scarcity in India Multipurpose river • Role of industrialisation and projects in India Rainwater urbanisation in water scarcity Harvesting • Reasons for bad quality of water in India Maps • Impact of over exploitation of water resources • Need for water conservation and management • Dam- Meaning, Advantages and disadvantages • Identify different multipurpose river projects in India • Multipurpose river projects- Advantages and Disadvantages • Water conservation movements- Narmada Bachao Andolan and Tehri Dam Andolan • Rainwater harvesting- Meaning and importance • Various traditional methods of rainwater harvesting in India Locate and label • Dams • Salal • Bhakra Nangal • Tehri • Rana Pratap Sagar • Sardar Sarovar • Hirakud • Nagarjuna Sagar • Tungabhadra (Along with rivers) Worksheet for \"Water Resources\" PS-5 Evaluation with self- Self-evaluation check or Peer check* Sheet 21

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. How much water does India receive from precipitation and, what is India's rank among other countries in terms of water availability per person per annum? 2. How much total renewable water resources are available in India? 3. What do you understand by renewable water resources? 4. What is hydrological cycle? 5. What is water scarcity? 6. What are the factors which vary water availability in an area? 7. What are the impacts of over-exploitation and mismanagement of water resources? 8. An area or region has ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity. Explain the statement with example. 9. Examine the ill effects of industrialisation and urbanisation on water resources. 10. Why is there a need to conserve and manage our water resources? 22

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Define the term dam. 2. On which river, is the Hirakud dam project built? 3. On which river, is the Bhakra Nangal Project built? 4. Name any two movements that have been started to oppose multipurpose projects. 5. Who are the main beneficiaries of multipurpose projects? 6. What are the effects of flood? 7. What are the ill-effects of multipurpose projects? 8. How are dams classified? Explain them. 9. How do dams help in conserving and managing water? 10. What is Narmada Bachao Andolan? What are their main aims? 11. Mention the environmental and social consequences of changing crop pattern due to irrigation. 12. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru call dams the “temples of modern India”? 13. What is a multipurpose river valley project? Give any four objectives of the multipurpose river valley project? 14. Give reasons due to which large dams have come under great opposition in recent years. 15. Explain with suitable examples about the inter-state water disputes. 23

PRACTICE SHEET - 23 (PS-23) 1. What is rainwater harvesting? 2. What is rooftop rainwater harvesting? Name any one state in India where this are practised. 3. What is bamboo drip irrigation system? 4. Name the first state in India where rooftop rainwater harvesting was made mandatory for all the houses across the state. 5. What are ‘Guls’ or ‘Kuls’? 6. Mention the procedure for rooftop rainwater harvesting. 7. Why is rooftop rainwater harvesting important in Rajasthan? Explain. 8. What is ‘Palar pani’? What is its significance in the arid regions of Rajasthan? 9. How has Gendathur gained distinction as one of the rare villages to adopt rainwater harvesting? 10. Explain with suitable examples the ancient Indian tradition of water harvesting system. 11. Describe any three different rainwater harvesting system practised in India. 24

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the same given outline political map of India: Dams: (1) Salal (2) Bhakra Nangal (3) Tehri (4) Rana Pratap Sagar (5) Sardar Sarovar (6) Hirakud (7) Nagarjuna Sagar (8) Tungabhadra (Along with rivers) 25

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: control 1. Which one of the following doesn’t suit for water? a. Multipurpose river project for conservation of water a. Renewable resource with flood control b. Recyclable resource b. Huge IT building c. Man made resource c. Huge software project which deals with d. Abiotic resource government works 2. Fresh water can directly be obtained from d. Government project to sustain solar power a. Precipitation 8. Tamil Nadu is the first state which has made it b. Sea compulsory to implement the following: c. Ocean water a. Tree plantation d. All of the above b. Dry waste and wet waste segregation 3. From the following which statement does not c. Rooftop rain water harvesting stand for definition of a ‘Dam’? d. Ban in usage of polythene a. A barrier across flowing water 9. Why was ancient civilisation concentrated near b. Built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be water bodies? used later to irrigate agricultural fields a. Get fresh water to drink and do daily activities c. Huge walls built to avoid entrance of enemies b. Water available for irrigation and cattle through water ways c. Water was a source of transportation and fishing d. Useful for electricity generation, d. All of the above 4. How can agriculture be revolutionised? 10. Why is roof top rain water harvesting system in a. Through developing drought resistant crops and Rajasthan in a declining stage? b. Dry farming techniques a. Lack of rains is discouraging the people to build c. Option a and b this harvesting system d. Proper irrigation method b. Plenty of water is available due to the perennial 5. The Sardar Sarovar project involves Indira Gandhi Canal a. Dam built over Narmada river c. People consider investing money on building is of b. It is a water resource for four states no use c. Would meet the requirement of water in drought d. All the above reasons are true prone areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat d. All of the above II. Short Answer Questions 6. In arid regions of Rajasthan, many houses 1. Briefly state about Bamboo Drip irrigation constructed underground rooms adjoining the system. ‘tanka’ because: 2. Describe rain water harvesting and with a. Storage for various seeds as the tank water would examples. Give a success story of rain water act like freezer. harvesting system. b. to beat the summer heat when they stay there as it 3. Evaluate why multipurpose river projects had to would keep the room cool face criticism and objections. c. when the water in the tank would reach its brim, water can be diverted to this room III. Long Answer Questions d. all of the above 1. How are building dams considered as multi- 7. Similarly, the Hirakud project in the Mahanadi purpose river projects? Explain why was there basin integrates conservation of water with flood opposition for such useful projects. 2. Why has water become impoverished and cause for ecological crisis? 26

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. How much of the world’s water exists as fresh 6. Mention any three major uses of water. water?  (1 mark)  (3 marks) 2. What are the sources of fresh water on the Earth? (1 mark) 3. Name the oldest water-harvesting system channelling the flood water of river Ganga.  (1 mark) 4. In which state is the bamboo-drip irrigation 7. Explain underground tank or ‘tankas’ with system is prevalent?  (1 mark) suitable example.  (5 marks) 5. What is Sardar Sarovar Project? On which river is this project built?  (3 marks) 27

4. Agriculture Month : August Total Periods : 07 Learning Outcomes • Describe the spatial distribution of major crops. • Understand the relationship between rainfall At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the importance of agriculture in regimes and cropping pattern. • Explain various government policies for national economy. • Identify various types of farming and discuss the institutional as well as technological reforms since independence. various farming methods. • Identify the cropping patterns in India. Concept Map Agriculture Types of Farming- Three cropping Foods crops and Land Reforms (meaning & seasons- Rabi, Non-food crops Bhoodan and characteristics) Kharif, Zaid Geographical Gramdan • Primitive Major crops- conditions for Movement Rice, Wheat, its growth and Subsistence Maize, distribution • Intensive Subsistence • Commercial Farming Key Points • Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a • India is an agriculturally important country. Two- large area. thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities. • India has three cropping seasons — rabi, kharif and zaid. • There are various types of farming system in different parts of India are: Primitive Subsistence • Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to farming, Intensive Subsistence farming and December and harvested in summer from April to Commercial farming. June. • Primitive subsistence agriculture is practised on • Kharif crops are grown on the onset of monsoon small patches of land with the help of primitive in different parts of the country and these are tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks, and harvested in September-October. family/community labour. It is ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. • In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months • Intensive Subsistence farming is labour-intensive known as the Zaid season. farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher • Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, production. millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton and jute, etc. • Commercial farming is a cropping method in which crops are raised and livestock are raised in • Rice is a kharif crop which requires high order to sell the products in the market in order temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity to make money. with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of 28

4. Agriculture Month : August Total Periods : 07 less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm and • Wheat is a rabi crop that requires a cool growing temperature above 25°C. • Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four season and bright sunshine at the time of major fibre crops grown in India. Cotton is one of ripening. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall the main raw materials for cotton textile industry. evenly distributed over the growing season. It requires high temperature, light rainfall or • Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets irrigation, 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine grown in India. for its growth. It is a kharif crop and requires 6 to • Maize is a kharif crop which requires temperature 8 months to mature. between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in old • Jute grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the alluvial soil. flood plains where soils are renewed every year. • Major pulses that are grown in India are tur High temperature is required during the time of (arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram. growth. • Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a subtropical • Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate with cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were a temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual given priority to bring about institutional reforms rainfall between 75cm. and 100cm. in the country after Independence. • Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, • The Green Revolution, based on the use of mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, package technology and the White Revolution castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower. (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies • Tea cultivation is an example of plantation initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. agriculture. The tea plant grows well in tropical • Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and introduced by the Government of India for the organic matter. benefit of the farmers. • Rubber is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub- tropical areas. It requires moist and humid 29

4. Agriculture Month : August Total Periods : 07 Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Types of Farming • Importance of agriculture PS -1 Cropping Pattern • Types of farming- Primitive subsistence, PS-2 Food crops and Intensive subsistence, Commercial PS-3 Non food crops Farming( Meaning and Characteristics) • Three cropping seasons- Rabi, Kharif and Zaid • Characteristics of Rabi, Kharif and Zaid • Major crops- Rice, Wheat, Maize, Millets and Pulses • ( Geographical conditions for growth and its distribution in India) • Food crops -Sugarcane, oilseeds, Tea and Coffee(Geographical conditions for growth and its distribution in India) • Non food crops- Rubber, Cotton, Jute(Geographical conditions for growth and its distribution in India) Technological • Steps taken by the central and state PS-4 and Institutional governments to improve India agriculture reforms after Independence. Maps • Land reforms • Bhoodan and Gramdan movement Identification only • Major areas of Rice and Wheat • (b) Largest / Major producer states of Sugarcane; Tea; Coffee; Rubber; Cotton and Jute Worksheet for “Agriculture” PS-5 Evaluation with Self-evaluation self- check or Peer check* Sheet 30

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What is Primitive Subsistence farming? 2. What is “jhumming” or “slash and burn’ agriculture? Which parts of India is such farming practised in? 3. What is Intensive Subsistence Farming? 4. What is Commercial Farming? Give some examples. 5. Why India is called an agrarian country? 6. Mention the characteristics of Primitive Subsistence farming. 7. Why is primitive subsistence farming is called ‘slash and burn’ agriculture? 8. Differentiate between Primitive Subsistence farming and Intensive subsistence farming. 9. Mention some characteristics of Commercial Farming. 31

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Name the three cropping seasons in India. 2. What are Kharif crops? Which part of India are Kharif crops cultivated in? 3. What are Zaid crops? Which part of India are Zaid crops cultivated in? 4. What are the factors which help in the growth of variety of food and non-food crops? 5. What are the major crops grown in India? 6. Name some important millets grown in India. Mention their nutritional value. 7. What type of soil is required for bajra cultivation? Name two bajra producing states in India. 8. What type of soil is required for ragi cultivation? Name two ragi producing states in India. 9. Which state grows maize in rabi seasons? 10. What are the major pulses grown in India. Mention any one nutritional value of these pulses. 11. What are the major oilseeds produced in India? Mention any two uses of oilseeds. 12. How is rice grown in areas of less rainfall? Give reasons. 13. Name the two most important stable food crops in India. Mention the geographical condition for their growth. 14. Why is Jowar called rain-fed crop? Name important states where jowars is cultivated. 15. Why are pulses grown in rotation with other crops? Give reason. 16. Describe the climatic conditions required for the growth of rice. Name any two major rice producing states of India. 17. Explain maize cultivation in India under the following heads: (a)Temperature (b) Soil (c) Agricultural season (d) Major producing areas. 18. Give reason why has the production of maize increased in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Karnataka. 32

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. What are fibre crops? What are the four major fibre crops grown in India? 2. What is sericulture? 3. Mention the uses of jute and its geographical conditions required for its growth and its distribution in India. 4. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of sugarcane. Name some sugarcane producing states. 5. Explain tea cultivation in India under the following heads: (a)Temperature (b) Rainfall (c) Soil (d) Major producing areas. 6. Explain the horticultural crops grown in India. 7. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rubber and its distribution in India. 33

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Name three schemes introduced by the government of India for the benefits of the farmers. 2. What are Green and White Revolution? Why were they introduced in India? 3. What are land reforms? 4. What is Bhoodan and Gramdan movement? What are its objectives? 5. Explain any five steps taken by the central and state governments to improve India’s agriculture after Independence. 34

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: b. This has led to ‘right of inheritance’ leading to the 1. Which of the following industry is not based on division of land among successive generations agricultural raw material? c. Farming was encouraged but of more slash and a. Cotton burn technique of farming led to more release of b. Sugar cane toxins in atmosphere c. Footwear industry d. Growing similar or same crops on same fields d. Vegetable oil continuously led to deprivation of land of few 2. What does Jhumming refer to? minerals a. It is a specific dance step 7. What plays an important role in the development b. It is a slash and burn agriculture method of plantation crops? c. It is a note in an instrument played a. Well established network of transport d. It is a type of irrigation method b. Communication connecting the plantation areas 3. Which of these is not a proper definition of c. Processing industry and market genetic engineering? d. All of the above a. It involves new chemical techniques by which 8. What is the major hurdle faced by the jute water can be produced from combinations of various industry? atoms. a. Financial investment b. It is recognized as a powerful supplement in b. Loosing market due to its high cost to synthetic inventing new hybrid varieties of seeds fibre like nylon c. is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes c. Uneven climatic conditions using biotechnology d. Intensive labour requirement which is posing a d. involves the group of techniques used to cut up threat and join together genetic material resulting into a 9. Organic farming is much in vogue today. What hybrid organism type pf farming is this? 4. Name a type of farming where a single crop is a. Farming with high end chemicals in order to get grown on a large area. maximum productivity a. Intensive farming b. Farming is practiced without factory made b. Plantation farming chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides c. Commercial farming c. Farming practice where green grass is given space d. Primitive subsistence farming in between the original crops 5. There is a short season during the summer d. Genetically induced seeds are sown in this type of months known as _____ during which watermelon, farming muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops 10. How was Bhoodan movement helpful? are grown. a. Bhoodan movement was introduced where in a. Rabi season government sold its excess land to land lords for b. Kharif season money c. Zaid season b. Zamindars gave away part of their land to d. All of these government for free in fear of land ceiling 6. What were the controversies behind green c. Zamindars gave away or distributed part of their revolution? land to poor land less people for free to make them a. It is being alleged that it has caused land sustain livelihood. degradation due to overuse of chemicals, drying d. Poor land less people had to revolutionize for land aquifers and vanishing biodiversity and thus they acquired it from government 35

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) II. Short Answer Questions 1. State the difference between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming. 2. Answer the following questions in one line: (i) Why are pulses grown in rotation with other crops? (ii) Why have millets become very important now-a- days? (iii) Rice being a staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. How has its production increased? 3. The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. Explain how were these helpful. III. Long Answer Questions 1. What were the reasons behind slow growth of agricultural sector? How has the government planned to increase the growth of this sector? 2. Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other. Justify your statement. 36