ตำราวิชาการอาหารเพื่อสุขภาพ

∫∑∑’Ë 3 179 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘  «àŸ ¬— °≈“ß§π ®“°°“√ ”√«®¢Õâ ¡≈Ÿ „π‚√߇√¬’ π¢π“¥„À≠∑à ¡’Ë °’ “√ Õπ„π√–¥∫— ™πÈ— ª√–∂¡∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑» „πªï æ.». 2548 ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·Ààß™“µ‘ (¡ ™.) ‰¥â√–∫ÿ«à“ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡Àπ÷Ëß∑Ë’ ”§—≠ ·≈–Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈Õ¬à“ß¡“°µàÕ·∫∫·ºπ°“√°‘π·≈–ªí≠À“‚√§Õâ«π„π‡¥Á°π—Èπ ¡“®“°°“√®—¥Õ“À“√ °≈“ß«—π·≈–Õ“À“√«à“ß„π‚√߇√’¬π√–¥—∫™È—πª√–∂¡ ®”π«π‚√߇√’¬π‚¥¬‡©≈Ë’¬¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 40 ∑Ë’¡’√â“πÕ“À“√‰¢¡—π Ÿß Õÿ¥¡‰ª¥â«¬πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈–‰¡à¡’Õ“À“√º—°‡≈¬ √«¡∑ȗߪí≠À“°“√¢“¥°“√ ÕÕ°°”≈ß— °“¬ ‡™πà ‡¥¬’ «°π— °∫— ª≠í À“‚√§Õ«â π„π‡¥°Á ∑‡Ë’ æ¡Ë‘  ßŸ ¢π÷È  Õ߇∑“à µ«— „πª√–‡∑»π«‘ ´·’ ≈π¥å 20  √ÿª‰¥â«à“ °“√„ÀâÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘„π‡¥Á°¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ ªÑÕß°—π‚√§Õâ«π ·≈–‚√§‡√È◊Õ√—ßÕ◊ËπÊ ·µà§«√√–«—߇√Ë◊Õߧÿ≥§à“„Àâ§√∫∂â«π ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√¢“¥ “√Õ“À“√∫“ß™π‘¥ Õ“®¥Ë◊¡π¡·≈–°‘π‰¢à√à«¡¥â«¬ À√◊ÕÕ“À“√∑Ë’¡’™π‘¥·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√„ÀâæՇ撬ß22 √—∫√Õß«à“ ®–‰¡à¡’ªí≠À“„π¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ·≈–°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ´Ë÷ߧ≥–°√√¡°“√Õ“À“√·≈–‚¿™π“°“√ ¢Õß À√∞— Õ‡¡√‘°“ (US. Food and Nutrition Board) °Á‰¥√â ∫— √Õߧ«“¡®√ß‘ π’È Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ —µ‘„π µ√∑’ ˇ’ ®√≠‘ «¬— °“√¢—∫‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π (estrogens) ·≈–√–¥—∫„πæ≈“ ¡“·µ°µà“ß°—π„πºâŸÀ≠‘ß∑Ë’°‘π Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘·≈–Õ“À“√∑Ë—«‰ª ‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫°—π«à“ „πºâŸÀ≠‘ß°‘πÕ“À“√æ«°‰¢¡—π®–¡’√–¥—∫ ‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π„π‡≈Õ◊ ¥ª√¡‘ “≥ ßŸ ∑”„À¡â ’‚Õ°“ ‡ªπì ¡–‡√ßÁ ‡µ“â π¡‰¥ßâ “à ¬ °“√ √“â ß·≈–¢∫— ‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π ¢÷Èπ°∫— Õ“À“√·≈–¿“«–‚¿™π“°“√ „π°≈¡àÿ º∫⟠√‚‘ ¿§Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘ 10 §π ‡∑¬’ ∫°—∫°≈¡àÿ ºŸâ∫√‚‘ ¿§ Õ“À“√∑—Ë«‰ª 10 §π æ∫«à“ „π°≈àÿ¡·√°¡’√–¥—∫‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π„π‡≈◊Õ¥µË” ‡æ√“–‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ ‰¢¡π— πÕâ ¬ °“°„¬¡“° °“√ √“â ߇ՠ‚µ√‡®π®ß÷ ¡π’ Õâ ¬·≈–¡°’ “√¢∫— ∂“à ¬¡“°·≈–æ∫«“à √–¥∫— ‡Õ ‚µ√π (estrone) ·≈–‡Õ µ√“‰¥ÕÕ≈ (estradiol) „πæ≈“ ¡“ —¡æ—π∏å‚¥¬µ√ß°—ππÈ”Àπ—°µ—« „π§πÕâ«π √–¥∫— ·Õπ‚µ√‡®π®“°‰¢¡—πÕ“®‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π‰¥â ·≈–æ∫«“à  µ√’„πª√–‡∑»·∂∫µ–«—πµ° ®–‡ªπì ¡–‡√Á߇µ“â π¡¡“°°«à“ µ√’„πª√–‡∑»°”≈ß— æ—≤π“ ®“°°“√»°÷ …“°“√¢∫— ∂“à ¬ “√≈°‘ ·ππ (lignan) ‡™πà ‡Õπ‡µÕ‚√·≈§‚µπ (enterolactone) ·≈–‡Õπ‡µÕ‚√‰¥ÕÕ≈ (enterodiol) ·≈–Õ’§«≈ (equol) ´Ë÷߇ªìπ “√ ‡µÕ√Õ¬¥å (steroid) ∑Ë’ Ÿµ√ ‚§√ß √â“ß∑“߇§¡’§≈“â ¬‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π „π µ√∑’ ’ÀË ¡¥ª√–®”‡¥◊Õπ·≈â« æ∫«“à °“√¢—∫≈°‘ ·ππ¢Õß µ√’ ∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡–‡√Áß∑√«ßÕ°®–µË”°«à“ µ√’ª°µ‘ §π∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘¡’°“°„¬Õ“À“√¡“°®–¢—∫ ≈‘°·ππ¡“°  —ππ‘…∞“π«à“≈‘°·ππ®– √â“ß®“°Õ“À“√∑Ë’¡’°“°„¬ Ÿß ß“ ∂—Ë« ‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™‚¥¬ƒ∑∏Ï‘ ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π≈”‰ â „πæ◊™ ≈‘°·ππ¡’ƒ∑∏‘χªìπ “√¬—∫¬—È߇™È◊Õ√“ µàÕµâ“π‰«√—  ·≈–¬“¶à“·¡≈ß √«¡∑ßÈ— ¡ƒ’ ∑∏µ‘Ï àÕµ“â π¡–‡√ßÁ ¥«â ¬  ∂“∫π— ¡–‡√Áß À√∞— Õ‡¡√°‘ “ (US. National Cancer Institute) √—∫«à“ ≈‘°·ππ‡ªìπ “√ ”§—≠∑’Ëπà“ π„®∑Ë’ ÿ¥µ—«ÀπË÷ß„π∞“𖇪ìπ “√µàÕµâ“π¡–‡√Á߉¥â¥’ ·¡â®–¬—ß ‰¡à “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â«à“ °“√¢—∫ “√Õ’§«≈¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“°„¬Õ“À“√∑Ë’√—∫‰¥â  “√Õ’§«≈¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

180 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ÿ¢¿“æ ∑”„Àâ —µ«å‡ªìπÀ¡—π ©–π—Èπ Õ’§«≈Õ“®„™â‡ªìπ “√µâ“π‡Õ ‚µ√‡®π∑’Ë ”§—≠‰¥â (Lancet 1982, 8311:1295) æ∫«à“°“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√ÁߢÕß∑√«ßÕ° ≈”‰ â„À≠à·≈–µàÕ¡≈Ÿ°À¡“°¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ ª√‘¡“≥‰¢¡—π„πÕ“À“√  ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å (National Academic of Science)  À√∞— Õ‡¡√°‘ “ ‰¥â√“¬ß“π„πªï æ.». 2525 «“à 90% ¢Õß¡–‡√ßÁ „π§π¡’ “‡Àµ‡ÿ π◊ÕË ß®“° ‘Ëß·«¥≈Õâ ¡ ‡™àπ Õ“À“√ ·≈–∫“ß√“¬ß“π‰¥°â ≈à“««à“Õ“À“√‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß¡–‡√Áß„π µ√∂’ ÷ß 60% ·≈–„π∫ÿ√…ÿ 30 - 40% Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘„π µ√«’ —¬À¡¥ª√–®”‡¥Õ◊ π °“√«‘®—¬‚¥¬ Colombo ·≈–§≥– (2005)33 ‰¥âæ‘ Ÿ®πå«à“ „πÕ“ “ ¡—§√ µ√’«—¬À¡¥ ª√–®”‡¥Õ◊ π·≈–¡’ ¢ÿ ¿“楒 ®”π«π 104 §π ´÷Ë߉¥√â —∫Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’º—°º≈‰¡‡â ªìπÀ≈—° ·µà¡°’ √¥‰¢¡—π ®“°‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«åπâÕ¬‡ªìπª√–®” π“π 18  —ª¥“Àå ‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ µ√’°≈àÿ¡§«∫§ÿ¡®–¡’√–¥—∫ °√¥‰¢¡—πÕË‘¡µ—«„π´’√—¡≈¥≈ß ·µà°√¥‰¢¡—πÕË‘¡µ—«™π‘¥ DHA ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®÷ß∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“ à«π√–À«à“ß °√¥‰¢¡—π‰¡àÕË‘¡µ—«™π‘¥‚Õ‡¡°â“-3 ·≈–‚Õ‡¡°â“-6 [(n-3)/(n-6)] ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ·≈–„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π ¬ß— æ∫«“à ∑ß—È ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õß “√°≈¡àÿ Õπ¡ÿ ≈Ÿ Õ ‘ √–∑‡Ë’ ªπì reactive oxygen metabolites „π´√’ ¡— ·≈–¿“«– ‡§√¬’ ¥∑“ßÕÕ°´‡‘ ¥™π— (oxidative stress) ≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß™¥— ‡®π∑“ß ∂µ‘ ‘ ®“°°“√«‘®—¬¢Õß Ludwig ·≈–§≥–57 ¡’°“√«‘®—¬„π°≈àÿ¡ µ√’∑Ë’ª√–®”‡¥◊ÕπÀ¡¥ ‡ªπì ºªâŸ É«¬πÕ°·≈–¡’πÈ”Àπ°— µ«— ‡°π‘ ®”π«π 64 §π „Àâ∂Ÿ°∑¥≈Õß√∫— Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ —µ‘ª√–‡¿∑«·’ °π ´÷Ë߉¡¡à ’‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å π¡ ·≈–‰¢‡à ≈¬ ‡ªìπª√–®”π“π 14  ª— ¥“Àå ‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫°—∫°≈¡àÿ §«∫§ÿ¡ ‚¥¬‰¡à ‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß°“√√—∫ “√æ≈—ßß“π„πÕ“À“√·≈–°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ æ∫«à“®–∑”„À⥗™π’ §«“¡‰«µàÕÕ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π (insulin sensitivity) ‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷π À√◊Õ¿“«–¥È◊ÕµàÕÕ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π (insulin resistance) ≈¥≈ß ·≈–π”È Àπ°— √“à ß°“¬≈¥≈ßÕ¬“à ß¡’π¬—  ”§≠— ∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (πÈ”Àπ—°µ—«‡©≈Ë’¬≈¥≈ß 5.8 ± 3.2 °°.) ·¡â«à“ºâŸ∑¥≈Õ߬—߉¥â√—∫Õ“À“√æ«°·ªÑß·≈–§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µÕ¬à“߇¥‘¡°Áµ“¡ · ¥ß«à“ Õ“À“√æ◊™º—° ∑’¡Ë ’‡ âπ„¬ ßŸ ¡º’ ≈¥’µÕà °“√≈¥πÈ”Àπ—°µ—«·≈–¿“«–¥◊ÕÈ µàÕÕ‘π´≈Ÿ ‘π¥ß— °≈à“« 57 Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√µ— „‘ πº Ÿâ ŸßÕ“¬2ÿ 6, 38-39, 51 ‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫„π«ß°“√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å ¡—¬„À¡à«à“ °“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ ¡—ß «‘√—µ‘∑”„ÀâºâŸ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ¡’ ÿ¢¿“楒·≈–¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊𬓫°«à“°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—Ë«‰ª ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¬◊π·≈– ·¢Áß·√ߥ’¡—°®–‡ªìπºâŸ∑’ËÕ¬àŸ„π™π∫∑ ´÷Ëß¡’‚Õ°“ ∑Ë’®–∫√‘‚¿§º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â ¥‰¥â¡“°‡ªìπª√–®” º≈°“√«‘®—¬∑“ß√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“·≈– —µ«å∑¥≈Õß°Á‰¥â¬◊π¬—π«à“ Õ“À“√ à«π„À≠à∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ÿ¢¿“楒·≈– ∑”„ÀÕâ “¬¬ÿ π◊ ππÈ— §«√¡“®“°æ™◊ º°— º≈‰¡∑â Ë’‰¡¡à ·’ ªßÑ ·≈–‰¢¡π—  ßŸ ‡ªπì °“√®”°¥— ·§≈Õ√’ (¥√Ÿ “¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 181 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «‘√µ— ‘ „π∫∑∑Ë’ 11 ‡√Õ◊Ë ß °“√Õ¥Õ“À“√·≈–°“√®”°¥— ·§≈Õ√)’ §«√¡°’ “√»°÷ …“«®‘ ¬— „À¡â “°¢π÷È ·≈– π∫—  ππÿ „Àâ§π∑Ë—«‰ª∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘-Õ“À“√‡®Õ¬à“ß¡’°“√«“ß·ºπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß °Á®–‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ§«“¡ µâÕß°“√¢Õß√à“ß°“¬·≈– ¢ÿ ¿“æ¢Õߺ⟠ŸßÕ“¬ÿ Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√µ— „‘ ππ°— °’Ó °“√»°÷ …“«®‘ ¬— ·≈–√“¬ß“π∑‡’Ë °¬’Ë «°∫— º≈¢Õß°“√∫√‚‘ ¿§Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— „‘ πÀ¡πŸà °— °Ã’ “ ππÈ— §Õà π¢“â ß®–πÕâ ¬ ·≈–®”°¥— ¡§’ «“¡ ß ¬— ·≈–°“√∂°‡∂’¬ß«à“ π—°°’Ó®–‰¥√â —∫æ≈ß— ß“π  “√Õ“À“√ ·≈– “√®”‡ªìπµÕà √“à ß°“¬¢Õ߇¢“À√Õ◊ ‰¡?à ®“°°“√∑∫∑«π √«∫√«¡º≈°“√»÷°…“¢Õß ∂“∫π— «‘®¬— µ“à ßÊ À≈“¬·Ààß ‚¥¬ Forbes- Ewan ·≈– Greg Cox ·Ààß ∂“∫π— °’ÓÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬95 ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“«“à π°— °Ã’ “∑Ë’°‘πÕ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ —µ‘ ™π‘¥°π‘ ‰¢·à ≈–¥◊Ë¡π¡ (lacto-ovovegetarian) ®–¡’§«“¡Õ¥∑π (endurance) ·≈–§«“¡·¢ßÁ ·°√ßà (strength) „π°“√‡≈àπ°’ÓÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ‰¥â√—∫ “√Õ“À“√‡æ’¬ßæÕ·≈–‰¥âª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®°“√ ·¢ßà ¢π— Õ¬“à ߥ’ ‚¥¬‰¡®à ”‡ªπì µÕâ ß°“√Õ“À“√‡πÕ◊È  µ— «å ‰¥Àâ √Õ◊ ‰¡?à §≥–º«âŸ ®‘ ¬— ‰¥ â √ªÿ «®‘ “√≥ å √ªÿ ¥ß— πÈ’ ë §«“¡·¢Áß·°√àß·≈–§«“¡Õ¥∑π¢Õßπ°— °Ã’ “¢÷πÈ Õ¬°àŸ ∫— ™π¥‘ ¢ÕßÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√µ— ‘ ë Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘∑Ë’¡’·µàæ◊™º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«®–‰¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕ À√◊Õ ‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√∫— π°— °Ã’ “ ë Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ∑‘ «Ë’ “ß·ºπÕ¬“à ߥ§’ «√¡π’ ¡·≈–‰¢¥à «â ¬®–∑”„Àπâ °— °Ã’ “‰¥√â ∫—  “√ Õ“À“√‡æ¬’ ßæÕ ·≈–¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—߇æËÕ◊ °“√·¢àß¢π— ‰¥¥â ’ ë ‰¡à„™‡à æ√“–«“à Õ“À“√Õ¬“à ߇¥¬’ « Õ“®¡ª’ ®í ®¬— Õ¬“à ßÕπ◊Ë ¡“‡°¬’Ë «¢Õâ ß„π¥“â 𧫓¡  “¡“√∂„π°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß ‡™àπ ¥â“𮑵«‘∑¬“ §«“¡æß÷ æÕ„®„π™π‘¥·≈–√ ™“µ‘ ¢ÕßÕ“À“√ «≤— π∏√√¡ ·≈–ª√–‡æ≥’ œ≈œ ë ®“°°“√‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫√–À«“à ßÕ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ·‘ ≈–Õ“À“√∑º’Ë  ¡¥«â ¬‡πÕÈ◊  µ— «∑å ¡Ë’ ’ µÕà  ¢ÿ ¿“æ ·¡«â “à Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ®‘ –∑”„À§â «“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ÕÕ°°”≈ß— ‰¥¥â ¢’ π÷È ·µà°Á¡‰‘ ¥®â ”‡ªπì «“à Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ®‘ –¡º’ ≈¥°’ «à“Õ“À“√‡πÕ◊È  µ— «å ë ºâŸ«‘®—¬§“¥«à“‚ª√µ’π®“°‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å„ππ—°°’Ó∑Ë’Ωñ°Õ¬à“ߥ’Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ ¡’¢π“¥„À≠à ·≈–‰¢¡—πÕ‘Ë¡µ—«®“°‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«åÕ“®®–‡æË‘¡ŒÕ√å‚¡π‡æ»™“¬™π‘¥ ‡∑ ‚∑- ‡µÕ‚√π¡“°°«“à ††††† §”Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“∑”‰¡Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘®–¡’º≈¥’µàÕ°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—߉¥âπ“π°«à“§ß‡°‘¥®“° À≈“¬°≈‰° ‡™àπ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ “√·Õπµ‘ÕÕ°´‘·¥π∑å Ÿß ´÷Ë߉¥â®“°æ◊™º—°´÷Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë°”®—¥·≈– ªÑÕß°—π “√Õπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–∑Ë’‡°‘¥¢È÷π„π√–À«à“ß°“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ßÀπ—° Õ’°°≈‰°Àπ÷Ëß96 Õ“®‡πË◊Õß¡“®“° °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

182 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ‡æ√“–«à“Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘¡°’ √¥Õ–¡‚‘ π∑’·Ë ¢πß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ (branched chain amino acids, BCAA) „πª√¡‘ “≥∑¡Ë’ “°°«“à ´÷ßË ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√ÕÕ°°”≈ß— ¢Õß°≈“â ¡‡π◊ÈÕ ªÕÑ ß°—π°“√‡ Õ◊Ë ¡ ¿“æ·≈–°“√ øóôπµ—«∑Ë’‡√Á«°«à“¢Õß°≈â“¡‡πÈ◊Õ ∂⓪√‘¡“≥‰°≈‚§‡®πµ”Ë √à“ß°“¬®–𔂪√µ’π∑’Ë ≈“¬µ—«®“° °≈“â ¡‡πÕÈ◊ ¡“‡ªπì æ≈ß— ß“π‡æ¡Ë‘ ¢π÷È ¥ß— ππÈ— BCAA ®ß÷ ¡ª’ √–‚¬™πµå Õà °“√ ”√Õßæ≈ß— ß“π¢Õ߉°≈‚§‡®π „π°≈“â ¡‡πÈÕ◊ ¥«â ¬ Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ —µ‘·≈–‚√§µà“ß Ê Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ µ— ‘·≈–‚√§¡–‡√ßÁ 42 Õ“À“√¡’ à«π ”§—≠„π°“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Áß∑—Èß„π à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√·≈–°√√¡«‘∏’°“√ª√ÿß ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑Ë’∑”°“√«‘®—¬„π —µ«å∑¥≈Õß·≈–„π√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ ‡ªìπ∑Ë’¬Õ¡√—∫°—π«à“ Õ“À“√®“°æ◊™º—° º≈‰¡â∑’Ë¡’ ’‡¢’¬«-‡À≈◊Õß- â¡·≈–¡’‡ âπ„¬ “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—πÀ√◊Õ≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√ÁßÀ≈“¬™π‘¥‰¥â ‡™àπ ¡–‡√Á߇µâ“π¡ ¡–‡√Áß≈”‰ â ¡–‡√Áß∂ÿßπÈ”¥’ ·≈–¡–‡√Áߪ“°¡¥≈Ÿ° °“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Áß —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ ª√‘¡“≥ “√‰¢¡π— ·≈–‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë Ÿß42 πÕ°®“°π’È¡’ªí®®—¬Õ◊ËπÊ ∑Ë’°àÕ°“√‡°‘¥·≈–°√–µÿâπ°“√¢¬“¬¢Õ߇πÈ◊ÕßÕ°·≈–¡–‡√Áß ‡™àπ ¿“«–πÈ”Àπ—°√à“ß°“¬‡°‘π¡“µ√∞“π¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ Ë’¬ß∑Ë’®–‡ªìπ¡–‡√Áß¡“°°«à“ºŸâ∑Ë’πÈ”Àπ—°ª“π°≈“ßÀ√◊Õ πÈ”Àπ—°πâÕ¬ æ≈—ßß“π®”‡ªìπµàÕ°“√°àÕ·≈–°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß¡–‡√Áß °√¥‰¢¡—π™π‘¥‰¡àÕ‘Ë¡µ—«∑Ë’ ¡“°‡°‘π®– à߇ √‘¡°“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Áß §Õ‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈ ·≈–Õπÿæ—π∏å¢Õß¡—π —¡æ—π∏å‚¥¬µ√ß°—∫°“√‡°‘¥ ¡–‡√Áß≈”‰ 4â 2 „π∑“ßµ√ߢⓡ ¡’ “√‡§¡’∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈–ªí®®—¬À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë≈¥Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Á߉¥â °“√‡æ‘Ë¡À√◊Õ≈¥ —¥ à«πÕ“À“√ ‡™àπ ™π‘¥·≈–ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‚ª√µ’π·≈–°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π «‘µ“¡‘π A «‘µ“¡‘π B2 «‘µ“¡‘π B12 «‘µ“¡‘π C «‘µ“¡‘π E °√¥‚ø≈‘° ‡¡∑‰∏‚Õπ’π (methitonine) ·≈– ‚§≈’π (choline) ‡ âπ„¬Õ“À“√„πæ◊™º—° º≈‰¡â ·≈–‡¡≈Á¥„πæ◊™¡’ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡§¡’∑Ë’‡√’¬°«à“  “√惰…‡§¡’ (phytochemicals) ‡™à𠂪≈’øïπÕ≈≈‘° (polyphenols) ‰∫‚Õø≈“‚«πÕ¬¥å ø≈“‚«π (flavones) §Ÿ¡“√π‘ (coumarin)  “√æ«°Õπ‘ ‚¥≈ (indole) ‰ø‚µ ‡µ’¬√Õ≈ (phytosterol) œ≈œ ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂ªÕÑ ß°—π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¡–‡√ßÁ ‰¥‡â ™àπ°—π Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘®–™à«¬ªÑÕß°—π·≈–∫√√‡∑“Õ“°“√¢Õß¡–‡√Á߉¥â‚¥¬∑Ë’Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ¡’ “√¥’Ê ¥—ß°≈à“«∑’Ë “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π¡–‡√Á߉¥â °“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Áß —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ“À“√‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å¡“°°«à“ Õ“À“√®“°æ◊™ ®“°°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫—øø“‚≈ √—∞𑫬Õ√å§  À√—∞œ æ∫«à“ºŸâ∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§º—° µ√–°≈Ÿ °–À≈”Ë (cruciferae) ‰¥·â °à °–À≈”Ë ª≈’ ¥Õ°°–À≈Ë” ∫√ÕÁ §‚§≈’ (broccoli) º°— °“¥ º°— ‚¢¡ œ≈œ ‡ªìπª√–®” ®–‰¡‡à ªìπ¡–‡√ßÁ ≈”‰ â„À≠à ¡–‡√ßÁ ∑«“√Àπ°— ·≈–‚√§∑“߇¥π‘ Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬„πº—°‡À≈à“π’È °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 183 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘ ¡’ “√ª√–°Õ∫æ«°Õ‘π‚¥≈´÷Ëß°√–µâÿπ‡Õπ‰´¡å∫“ß™π‘¥„π‡´≈≈åµ—∫„Àâ™à«¬∑”≈“¬ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß ·≈–¬—∫¬—ßÈ °“√‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å¡–‡√ßÁ ‰¥4â 2 ºâŸ∑˒ߥÀ√◊Õ≈¥Õ“À“√‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥¡–‡√ÁßπâÕ¬°«à“ºâŸ∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å‡ªìπ ª√–®” ‚¥¬∑Ë’‰¢¡π— ®“° µ— «‡å ¡Õ◊Ë ∂°Ÿ §«“¡√Õâ π®–‡ª≈¬Ë’ π‡ªπì ‡¡∏≈’ ‚§·≈π∏π’ (methyl cholanthrene) ´Ë÷߇ªìπ “√∑”„À⇰‘¥¡–‡√Áß °“√ªîô߬à“߇π◊ÈÕ —µ«å∑ÿ°™π‘¥¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ Ÿß®–‡°‘¥ “√æ—¬‚√≈—¬‡´µ (pyrolysates) ·≈– “√‡∫π‚´ (‡Õ) 欗 √π’ (benzo(a)pyrene) ´ß÷Ë °Õà ¡–‡√ßÁ µÕà µ∫— ·≈–∑“߇¥π‘ Õ“À“√ ‰¥â (¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥„π∫∑∑’Ë 12 Õ“À“√ª≈Õ¥®“° “√æ‘…) °≈ÿࡧππ—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“§√‘ µåπ‘°“¬‡´‡«π∏凥¬å·Õ¥‡«πµ’ µå (Seventh-Day Adventis, SDA) ¡’ Õß°≈ÿࡧ◊Õ °≈àÿ¡∫√‘‚¿§‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å (SDA-NV) ·≈–°≈àÿ¡‰¡à∫√‘‚¿§‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å (SDA-V) ®“° °“√»°÷ …“ ¢ÿ ¿“æ¢Õß°≈àÿ¡‡´‡«π∏凥¬·å Õ¥‡«πµ ’ ∑Ë’∫√‚‘ ¿§‡π◊ÕÈ  µ— «å 16 §π °≈àÿ¡‰¡∫à √‘‚¿§‡πÕÈ◊  —µ«å 48 §π °≈ÿࡇª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫∑Ë’‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈∑Ë—«‰ª (NSDA-NV) 52 §π ·≈–°≈ÿࡺ⟪ɫ¬¡–‡√Áß∑’˵âÕß æË÷ߌÕ√å‚¡π∫”∫—¥ (NV HDC) 16 §π ‚¥¬∑Ë’ SDA-V ®–‡ªìπºâŸ∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§‡π◊ÈÕ ª≈“ À√◊Õ —µ«åªï° ‰¡‡à °π‘ 3 §√ßÈ— µÕà ‡¥Õ◊ π ·≈–ªØ∫‘ —µ¡‘ “π“π°«à“ 1 ªï ®“°°“√µ√«®‡≈Õ◊ ¥·≈–«‡‘ §√“–ÀÕå “À“√∑∫Ë’ √‚‘ ¿§„π‡«≈“ 3 «π— æ∫«“à √–¥∫— ‡´‡≈‡π¬’ ¡ (se) „π‡≈◊Õ¥ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ“À“√ bioavaibility ·≈–∫ÿ§§≈‚¥¬∑’Ë (Se) „π‡≈◊Õ¥®– Ÿß∂â“√—∫ª√–∑“𠂪√µ’π ‡πÈÕ◊ π¡ ∏—≠æ™◊ «µ‘ “¡‘π B2 ‰πÕ–´π‘ °√¥‰¢¡—π™π¥‘ ‚Õ‡≈Õ‘°·≈–‰≈‚π‡≈Õ°‘ (oleic acid, linoleic acid)  ßŸ ·≈–„πÕ“ “ ¡—§√ µ√’ “« (Se) „π “√Õπ‘ ∑√¬’ å selenomethionine ´ßË÷ ‡ªìπ √Ÿª·∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ëæ∫¡“°„π∏—≠æ◊™®–¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‰¥â¥’°«à“ (Se) „π√Ÿª “√Õπ‘π∑√’¬å selenate ‰¡àæ∫ §«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß°“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡√–À«à“ßπ—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘·≈–‰¡à„™àπ—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘  à«π„π‰°à®–¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ (Se) ®“°∏—≠æ◊™‰¥â¥’°«à“ (Se) ®“°ª≈“À√◊Õ‡πÈ◊Õ ®÷ßæÕ®–µÈ—ß ¡¡µ‘∞“π‰¥â«à“ Õ“À“√∏—≠æ◊™·≈– Õ“À“√∑–‡≈Õ“®™«à ¬≈¥°“√‡ Ë’¬ßµÕà °“√‡ªπì ¡–‡√Áß¡“°°«“à Õ“À“√‡πÈÕ◊  µ— «å ºŸâ∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘®–¡’√–¥—∫«‘µ“¡‘π C «‘µ“¡‘π E ·≈–‡∫µâ“-§“‚√∑’π„π‡≈◊Õ¥  ßŸ °«“à º∑Ÿâ °’Ë π‘ Õ“À“√∑«—Ë ‰ª ·µ√à –¥∫—  ß— °– ·’ ≈–√–¥∫—  “√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏·‘Ï ÕπµÕ‘ Õ°´·‘ ¥π∑剡·à µ°µ“à ß°π— „π∑È—ß Õß°≈àÿ¡71 ®“°°“√»°÷ …“«®‘ —¬¢Õß Krajoviova-Kudlakova ·≈–§≥–53 æ∫«à“ „π µ√π’ °— ¡ß—  «‘√µ— ‘ ¡°’ “√∑”≈“¬‰¢¡π— ‚¥¬«∏‘ Õ’ Õ°´‡‘ ¥™π— (lipid peroxidation) „π‡≈Õ◊ ¥ æ∫«“à  “√∑‡’Ë °¥‘ ®“°ÕÕ°´‡‘ ¥™π— ¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—𠇙àπ §Õπ®Ÿ‡°µ‡µ¥‰¥Õ’π (conjugated dienes, CD) „π‡≈◊Õ¥®–°√–®“¬ Ÿßµ“¡ Õ“¬ÿ√–À«à“ß 11-40 ªï π—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘®–¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ CD µ”Ë °«à“√–¥—∫¢ÕߺŸâ∑Ë’°‘πÕ“À“√ª°µ‘ Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π¡“°  à«π„π§πÕ“¬ÿ 40-60 ªï æ∫«à“ √–¥—∫¢Õß«‘µ“¡‘π C ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡å§“µ“‡≈  (catalase) °Á Ÿß¡“°°«à“¥â«¬ √–¥—∫ CD „π§πÕ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“ 40 ªï®– Ÿß¢È÷π ·≈–‰¡à¡’§à“§«“¡ ·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑ßÈ—  Õß°≈ÿ¡à Õ¬“à ߉√°¥Á ’ §“à √–À«à“ß√–¥—∫ CD °—∫«µ‘ “¡‘π C ·≈–√–À«à“ß CD °—∫ §“µ“‡≈ ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π„π∑“ß≈∫ ‡ªìπ°“√¬◊π¬—π«à“ ‚¿™π“°“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘´÷Ëß¡’«‘µ“¡‘π °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

184 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕË◊  ¢ÿ ¿“æ ·Õπµ‘ÕÕ°´‘·¥π∑å Ÿß®–™à«¬ªÑÕß°—πÕ—µ√“ÕÕ°´‘‡¥™—π¢Õ߉¢¡—π„π√à“ß°“¬‰¥â¥’¡“°°«à“Õ“À“√ ∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡’‚Õ°“ ®–‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√æ◊™º°— πÕâ ¬°«à“Õ¬“à ß™¥— ‡®π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p < 0.001) Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ µ— ·‘ ≈–‚√§À—«„®·≈–À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ®“°°“√»°÷ …“∑“ß√–∫“¥«∑‘ ¬“ Sabate ·≈–§≥–43, 77 ‰¥æâ ∫«“à „πª√–™“°√π°— ¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘ ∑’ˉ¥√â ∫— ‡¡≈Á¥„π (π—∑) ®“°º≈‰¡â‡ª≈◊Õ°·¢Á߇ªπì ª√–®”π“π 5 ªï ®–¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡°¥‘ ‚√§À«— „®·≈– À≈Õ¥‡≈Õ◊ ¥πâÕ¬°«“à ª√–™“°√∑Ë’‰¡à„™πà —°¡ß—  «‘√—µ‘Õ¬à“ß™¥— ‡®π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ · ¥ß«à“ ‡¡≈Á¥„π¢Õߺ≈‰¡â ‡ª≈◊Õ°·¢ßÁ ¡º’ ≈¥’µàÕ°“√ªÕÑ ß°—π‚√§À«— „®·≈–À≈Õ¥‡≈Õ◊ ¥ Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ —µ„‘ π§πÕ‡¡√°‘ π— ∑”„Àâ§à“¥™— π’¡«≈°“¬ (body mass index, BMI) ≈¥≈ß ª√–¡“≥ 1 °°./¡2 √–¥—∫‰¢¡—π·≈–§Õ‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈≈¥≈ß 0.5 mmol/l Õµ— √“°“√µ“¬®“°‚√§À—«„® IHD ≈¥≈ß 25% Õ“°“√∑âÕߺ°Ÿ ®–πÕâ ¬≈ß ‚√§∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√ ‚√§π‘Ë«„π∂ÿßπÈ”¥’ ·≈–‰ µâ ßË‘ Õ°— ‡ ∫ πâÕ¬≈ß ¡–‡√ßÁ ‰¡¡à §’ «“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂µ‘ ‘ ¡·’ π«‚π¡â «à“Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µª‘ ÑÕß°—π‚√§À«— „®‰¥4â 9-50 Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√µ— ·‘ ≈–‚√§°√–¥°Ÿ ‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ™π‘¥·≈–ª√‘¡“≥‚ª√µ’π„πÕ“À“√¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕª√‘¡“≥·√à∏“µÿ„π°√–¥Ÿ° ‚¥¬‡©æ“– „π µ√’«—¬À¡¥ª√–®”‡¥◊Õπ ®“°°“√»÷°…“π“π∂÷ß 10 ªï „π µ√’ 1,600 §π ∑Ë’‡ªìππ—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ™π‘¥°‘π‰¢à·≈–¥Ë◊¡π¡π“πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 20 ªï ®“°°“√«—¥§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ°‚¥¬«‘∏’ °“√ direct photon absorptiometry æ∫«à“ ¡‡’ æ’¬ß 18% ∑¡Ë’ §’ «“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß°√–¥°Ÿ πÕâ ¬°«à“ §à“ª°µ‘ „°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫°≈àÿ¡∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—Ë«‰ª´Ë÷ßæ∫«à“ 35% ¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ°∫“ß ·≈–Õ—µ√“ à«π√–À«à“ß·§≈‡´’¬¡°—∫øÕ øÕ√—  (Ca:P ratio) °Á‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘°—∫ °≈¡ÿà Õ“À“√ª°µ‘ 61-63 ¡’°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬∑“ß√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“·ÀàßÕ◊Ëπ π—∫ πÿπ«à“ °“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ·∫∫«’·°π (vegan) §◊Õ°‘π·µàæ◊™º—°º≈‰¡â ‰¡à¥◊Ë¡π¡·≈–°‘π‰¢àπ—Èπ ®–∑”„Àâπ—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘«’·°π ¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ°πâÕ¬≈ß°«à“ºâŸ∑’ˉ¡à∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ·µà‰¡à “¡“√∂ √ÿª “‡Àµÿ ‰¥â«à“‡°‘¥®“°°“√¢“¥·§≈‡´’¬¡À√◊Õ«‘µ“¡‘π D ´Ë÷ߧߵâÕß¡’°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ªÕ’° Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ‚Õ°“  ·≈–§«“¡‡ ¬’Ë ßµÕà ‚√§°√–¥°Ÿ ∫“ßæ√πÿ ∑Õ’Ë “®‡°¥‘ ®“°Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ·‘ ∫∫«·’ °π„π√–¬–¬“«π“πππÈ— ®– “¡“√∂ªÕÑ ß°π— ‰¥â‚¥¬°“√„™ºâ ≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±å‡ √¡‘ Õ“À“√∑¡’Ë «’ µ‘ “¡‘π·≈–·√∏à “µ®ÿ ”‡ªìπ Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ —µ·‘ ≈–‚√§‚≈Àµ‘ ®“ß ‚√§‚≈Àµ‘ ®“߇°¥‘ ®“°ª√¡‘ “≥¢Õ߇¡¥Á ‡≈Õ◊ ¥·¥ßπÕâ ¬≈ß ·≈–∑”„À â ·’ ¥ß¢Õ߇≈Õ◊ ¥®“ß≈ß  ’·¥ß¢Õ߇¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥§◊ÕŒ’‚¡‚°≈∫‘π ´Ë÷ߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Œ’¡ (heme) ·≈–‚ª√µ’π™π‘¥‚°≈∫‘π Œ’¡π—Èπ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡À≈Á° ·≈– protoporphhyrin IX °“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡¢Õß∏“µÿ‡À≈Á°¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 185 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «‘√µ— ‘ ·≈–™π‘¥¢Õ߇À≈Á°„πÕ“À“√ ‡À≈Á°®–∂Ÿ°¥Ÿ¥´÷¡„π√Ÿª¢Õ߇øÕ√å√—  (Fe++) ‡ ¡Õ ·¡â«à“„πæ◊™º—° ∫“ß™π‘¥®–¡’‡À≈Á°„πª√‘¡“≥¡“° ·µà°“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‡À≈Á°®“°æ◊™®–‰¡à¥’  “√∑Ë’æ∫„πæ◊™º—°·≈–¬—∫¬—Èß °“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡¢Õß∏“µÿ‡À≈Á°§◊Õ‰ø‡µ∑ (phytates) ÕÕ°´“‡≈∑ (oxalate) øÕ ‡øµ (phosphates) ·∑πππ‘ (tannin) ·≈–™“ √«¡∑ßÈ— ‡ πâ „¬Õ“À“√¥«â ¬  “√∑°Ë’ √–µπâÿ °“√¥¥Ÿ ´¡÷ ‡À≈°Á Õ ‘ √–∑Ë’‰¡à‰¥Õâ ¬Ÿà„π √Ÿª¢Õ߇À≈Á°Œ’¡ §◊Õ «‘µ“¡‘π C ´Ë÷ßÕ¬àŸ„πÕ“À“√ ·≈–¬“‡¡Á¥À√◊Õ°√¥·Õ §Õ√å∫‘° æ√‘°‡¢’¬« æ◊™ º—° ¥™π‘¥„∫ º≈‰¡â ‡™àπ æ«° â¡ ¡–¡à«ß ¡–¢“¡ ‡ªìπµâπ ‡¡≈Á¥∏—≠æ◊™∑’ˉ¡à¢—¥ ’ °√¥´‘µ√‘° π”È µ“≈∑√“¬·¥ß ∂Ë«— º≈‰¡â·Àßâ °√¥Õ–¡‚‘ π° Á “¡“√∂°√–µπâÿ °“√¥¥Ÿ ´¡÷ ‰¥‡â ™àπ°π— °“√¢“¥‡À≈Á°„πÕ“À“√ À√◊Õ°“√‰¡à “¡“√∂π”‡À≈Á°„πÕ“À“√‰ª„™â‰¥â ®–∑”„Àâ°“√  √“â ß ‡’ ¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß‰¡à‰¥â ‡À≈°Á „πæ◊™º—° ∏≠— æ◊™‡ªìπ‡À≈°Á Õ ‘ √–„π√Ÿª¢Õß non-heme iron Õ¬Ÿà„π  Õß√Ÿª·∫∫ §◊Õ ‡À≈Á°Œ’¡ À√◊Õ‡À≈Á°∑Ë’√«¡µ—«°—∫Œ’¡ (heme iron) ·≈–‡À≈Á°Õ‘ √–∑Ë’‰¡à√«¡µ—« °∫— Œ’¡ (non-heme iron) Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘∑Ë’‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„π¥â“π‚¿™π“°“√®–¡’¢âÕ‡ ’¬∑Ë’∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ Ë’¬ß µÕà ‚√§‚≈Àµ‘ ®“߉¥¥â «â ¬ “‡Àµÿ 2 ª√–°“√ §Õ◊ 1. °“√¢“¥‡À≈°Á 35-37 ·≈– 2. °“√¢“¥«‘µ“¡‘π B12 Õ“À“√‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å¡’‡À≈Á°Œ’¡ (heme iron) ª√–¡“≥ 60% ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‰ª àŸ√à“ß°“¬ ‰¥ßâ “à ¬ Õ“À“√æ™◊ º°— ¡‡’ À≈°Á ∑Ë’‰¡à„™Œà ¡’ (non-heme iron) ´ßË÷ ∂°Ÿ ¥¥Ÿ ´¡÷  √àŸ “à ß°“¬‰¥πâ Õâ ¬¡“°ª√–¡“≥ 1-10% Õ“À“√‰¢à π¡ º≈µ‘ ¿—≥±πå ¡ ∏≠— æ◊™ º≈‰¡â·Àâß ‡¡≈Á¥„π ·≈–º°— „∫‡¢’¬«‡ªìπ·À≈ßà ¢Õß non-heme iron ‡∑“à ππÈ— °“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡¢÷πÈ Õ¬Ÿ°à —∫«‘µ“¡‘π C ·≈– “√Õ“À“√ÕË◊πÊ ∑’Ë°√–µÿâπÀ√◊Õ “√ÕËπ◊ „πÕ“À“√∑¬’Ë ∫— ¬È—ß°“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡ °“√‰¥â√—∫«‘µ“¡‘π C ‚¥¬‡©æ“–®“°æ◊™º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â ¥„Àâ¡“°‡æ’¬ßæÕ®–∑”„Àâ°“√ ¥Ÿ¥´÷¡¢Õ߇À≈Á°∑Ë’‰¡à„™àŒ’¡ (non-heme iron) ‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ∂÷ß Õ߇∑à“¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑’ˉ¡à¡’«‘µ“¡‘π C ®“°°“√«®‘ ¬— ¢Õß Sharma ·≈–§≥–81-83 æ∫«à“ °“√„À«â ‘µ“¡‘π C „π°≈ÿà¡ µ√’ 28 §π∑’°Ë π‘ Õ“À“√ ¡—ß «‘√—µ‘Õ¬à“߇§√àߧ√—¥·≈–µàÕ‡πË◊Õß«—π≈– 500 ¡°.  Õߧ√È—ßµàÕ«—π À≈—ßÕ“À“√µÕπ°≈“ß«—π ·≈–µÕπ‡¬Áπ √–¬–π“π Õ߇¥◊Õπ ª√“°Ø«à“∑”„Àâ√–¥—∫Œ’‚¡‚°≈∫‘π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥ 8% ‡À≈Á° „π´’√—¡‡æ‘Ë¡¢È÷πª√–¡“≥ 17% ·≈–√–¥—∫ÕË‘¡µ—«¢Õß∑√“π å‡øÕ√å√‘π (transferrin saturation) ‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥ 23% ª√‘¡“≥‡øÕ√å√‘µ‘π„π´’√—¡ (serum ferritin) ‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥ 12% ·≈– §«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß‚ª√µ’π„π´√’ —¡„π°“√√«¡°∫— ‡À≈°Á ∑È—ßÀ¡¥ (total iron binding capacity) ≈¥≈ß 7% · ¥ß«“à √–¥∫— ‡À≈°Á „π√“à ß°“¬¥¢’ ÷πÈ ‡ªπì ª°µ‘Õ¬“à ß™—¥‡®π «µ‘ “¡π‘ C „π‡≈Õ◊ ¥°Á‡æË‘¡¢÷πÈ 60% ·≈–°“√‰¥â√∫— «µ‘ “¡‘π C ‰¡à‰¥∑â ”„À°â “√ – ¡‡À≈°Á „π√“à ß°“¬≈¥≈ßÀ√Õ◊  Ÿ≠‡ ¬’ ‰ª 80-83  “√Õ“À“√∑Ë’ à߇ √‘¡°“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‡À≈Á°„π√à“ß°“¬§◊Õ Õ“À“√∑Ë’¡’«‘µ“¡‘π B2 (riboflavin) ´Ë÷ß¡’·À≈àßÕ¬Ÿà„πµ—∫ ∏—≠æ◊™·Àâß ·≈–π¡‡ª√’Ȭ«84  à«π “√∑Ë’µâ“π∑“π°“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‡À≈Á°„π√à“ß°“¬ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

186 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕË◊  ¢ÿ ¿“æ §Õ◊  “√‚ª≈ø’ πï Õ≈ (polyphenols) „π™“ °“·ø ‰«π·å ¥ß ¬Õ¥º°— À≈“¬™π¥‘  “√‰ø‡µ∑ (phytates) ´÷Ëßæ∫„π‡¡≈Á¥∂—Ë«·Àâß ∂Ë—«‡À≈◊Õß ·≈–√”¢â“« ·§≈‡´’¬¡„π√–¥—∫ Ÿß®–√∫°«π°“√¥Ÿ¥´÷¡‡À≈Á° ∑È—ß„π√ªŸ heme iron ·≈– non-heme iron ‡™πà °π— „π°“√ª√ßÿ Õ“À“√‚¥¬°“√µ¡â °“√π÷ßË ·≈–°“√ º—¥„π°–∑–√Õâ πÊ ®–∑”„Àâ non-heme iron À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“®“°º—°Õ¬“à ߠߟ ™—¥‡®π ‡πÕÈ◊  µ— «·å ≈–º≈µ‘ ¿≥— ±‡å ªπì ·À≈ßà «µ‘ “¡π‘ B12 „πºâŸ„À≠πà π—È √“à ß°“¬µÕâ ß°“√«µ‘ “¡π‘ B12 «—π≈– 2.4 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡ ¥—ßπÈ—πºŸâ∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ·µà‰¡à§√∫∂â«π ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√‡ √‘¡¥â«¬ «‘µ“¡π‘ B12 Õ“®‡ ¬Ë’ ßµÕà °“√‡°¥‘ ‚√§‚≈Àµ‘ ®“߉¥â º—°„∫‡¢’¬«·≈–º≈‰¡â‡ªìπ·À≈àß‚ø‡≈∑ ´Ë÷ß¡“°‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ§«“¡µâÕß°“√‚ø‡≈∑¢Õß √à“ß°“¬«—π≈– 10-15 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ ·≈â«·µàÕ“¬ÿ ·µà„πºŸâÀ≠‘ß¡’§√√¿å®–¬‘ËßµâÕß°“√‚ø‡≈∑¡“°¢÷È𠧫√‰¥√â ∫— «π— ≈– 400 ¡≈‘ ≈°‘ √—¡ ®“°°“√ ”√«®«‘®—¬ µ√’¡—ß «‘√—µ‘∑Ë’µÈ—ߧ√√¿åÕ¬Ÿà„π𑫇¥≈Œ’ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ‚¥¬ Sharma ·≈– §≥– æ∫«à“ „π√–¬–À°‡¥◊Õπ¢Õß°“√µÈ—ߧ√√¿å  µ√’¡—ß «‘√—µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«°—∫ µ√’Õ‘π‡¥’¬∑Ë—«‰ª ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‚≈À‘µ®“߉¡·à µ°µà“ß°π— ∑“ß ∂µ‘ ‘ Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√µ— ‘·≈–‚√§‡∫“À«“π ¡’√“¬ß“π«‘®—¬À≈“¬·Ààßµà“ßæ∫«à“ °“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘®–„Àâº≈¥’¡“°µàÕ°“√ ªÑÕß°—π·≈–°“√√—°…“‚√§‡∫“À«“π „π°“√„™âÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘√à«¡°—∫°“√√—°…“‚√§‡∫“À«“π¥â«¬ ¬“·ºπª®í ®ÿ∫π— ∑”„Àâ°“√√°— …“‚√§‰¥âº≈¥°’ «à“«‘∏°’ “√‡¥‘¡Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π Barnard ·≈–§≥– 29 √“¬ß“π«à“ ‡¢“‰¥â»÷°…“ºâŸªÉ«¬‚√§‡∫“À«“π™π‘¥∑Ë’ 2 (type 2 diabetes) ®”π«π∑È—ßÀ¡¥ 99 §π ·∫ßà ºŸªâ É«¬‡ªìπ Õß°≈¡àÿ ‚¥¬«‘∏°’ “√ àÿ¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß ‚¥¬„À°â ≈¡àÿ ·√° (n=49) ‰¥â√∫— Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ —µ‘™π¥‘ «·’ °π (ª√“»®“°‡π◊ÕÈ  µ— «å π¡ ·≈–‰¢)à ∑Ë¡’ ’‰¢¡π— µ”Ë ·≈–°≈¡àÿ ∑’Ë  Õß (n=49) ‰¥√â —∫Õ“À“√µ“¡∑’ Ë ¡“§¡‚√§‡∫“À«“πÕ‡¡√‘°“ (American Diabetes Association (ADA)) √—∫√Õß ∑”°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‡π◊ËÕßπ“π 22  —ª¥“Àå ‡¡Ë◊Õ«‘‡§√“–À凩擖ºŸâ∑’˵‘¥µ“¡°“√√—°…“ ¥â«¬¬“∑Ë’·æ∑¬å —Ëß„ÀâÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡πË◊Õßµ≈Õ¥°“√«‘®—¬ æ∫«à“ °“√√—°…“„π°≈ÿà¡∑’ˉ¥â√—∫Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ®–‰¥ºâ ≈¥°’ «“à °≈¡ÿà §«∫§¡ÿ ·≈–·µ°µ“à ß°π— Õ¬“à ß¡π’ ¬—  ”§≠— ∑“ß ∂µ‘ ‘ HbA (A1C) „π‡≈Õ◊ ¥ ´ß÷Ë ‡ªπì 1c glycosylated hemoglobin ·≈–‡ªìπ§à“∑Ë’„™â∫Õ°¿“«–§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕß‚√§‡∫“À«“π „π°≈ÿà¡ ‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ √–¥—∫§à“ A1C πÈ’≈¥≈ß 1.23 points ·≈–„π°≈àÿ¡§«∫§ÿ¡≈¥≈ß‡æ’¬ß 0.38 points (P = 0.01) πÈ”Àπ—°√à“ß°“¬„π°≈ÿà¡∑ÀË’ πß÷Ë ≈¥≈ß 6.5 °°.  «à π„π°≈ÿ¡à ∑’ Ë Õß≈¥≈߇欒 ß 3.1 °°. (P < 0.001) °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ߢÕßπÈ”Àπ—°µ—«¡§’ «“¡ —¡æπ— ∏å°—π°∫— √–¥∫— A1C Õ’°¥«â ¬ (r = 0.51, n = 57, P < 0.0001) §“à LDL cholesterol „π°≈àÿ¡∑’ÀË πËß÷ ≈¥≈ß 21.2% ·≈–„π°≈àÿ¡ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑’Ë 3 187 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «‘√µ— ‘ ∑Ë ’ Õß≈¥≈߇欒 ß 10.7% (P = 0.02) √–¥∫— ¢ÕßÕ≈— ∫Ÿ¡‘π„πªí  “«– 24 ™¡. „π°≈¡ÿà ‰¥√â ∫— Õ“À“√ ¡—ß «√‘ —µ®‘ –≈¥≈ß 15.9 ¡°. ¡“°°«à“°≈àÿ¡§«∫§¡ÿ ´÷ßË ≈¥≈ß 10.9 ¡°. (p = 0.013) Goff ·≈–§≥–41 ·Àßà ‚√ß欓∫“≈ Hammersmith Hospital ≈Õπ¥Õπ ª√–‡∑»Õß— °ƒ… ‰¥â∑¥ Õ∫ ¡¡µ‘∞“π∑’Ë«à“ Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘™π‘¥«’·°π “¡“√∂‡ªìπªí®®—¬ÀπË÷ß∑Ë’∑”„À⧫“¡‰«µàÕ √–¥∫— Õπ‘ ´Ÿ≈‘π (insulin sensitivity, %IS) ·≈– beta-cell function (%B) ¥’¢÷πÈ ·≈–∑”„À√â –¥—∫ ‰¢¡—π„π‡´≈≈å°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ‚´‡≈’¬  (soleus intramyocellular lipid, IMCL) ≈¥≈ß ®“°°“√»÷°…“ ‡ª√¬’ ∫‡∑¬’ ∫·∫∫ case-control study „π°≈¡àÿ Õ“À“√«·’ °π 21 §π ·≈–°≈¡ÿà Õ“À“√∑—«Ë ‰ª 25 §π ‚¥¬§«∫§¡ÿ ‡æ» Õ“¬ÿ ·≈–§à“¥™— π¡’ «≈°“¬ (body mass index, BMI) ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑Ë’ „Àâæ≈—ßß“π ·≈–‡ âπ√Õ∫‡Õ«„π Õß°≈ÿà¡„Àâ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π °“√∑¥≈Õß„™â‡«≈“π“π 7 «—π æ∫«à“„π °≈àÿ¡Õ“À“√«’·°π √–¥—∫§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘µ (systolic blood pressure) ≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (P = 0.027)  «à πª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥√â ∫—  “√§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ¢Õß√“à ß°“¬¥¢’ È÷π (P<0.001)  «à π§“à ¥™— π’ π”È µ“≈„π‡≈◊Õ¥ (glycaemic index) ≈¥≈ß (P < 0.001) √–¥∫— ‰¢¡—π„πæ≈“ ¡à“≈¥≈ß (P < 0.001) √–¥—∫°≈‚Ÿ § „πæ≈“ ¡“à ≈¥≈ß (P = 0.05) IMCL ≈¥≈ß (P = 0.01)  √ÿª‰¥«â “à Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ «’·°π “¡“√∂ªÕÑ ß°π— ‚√§À«— „®·≈–‡∫µâ“-‡´≈≈å¢Õßµ∫— ÕàÕπ‰¥â §≥–«‘®—¬55 ‰¥â√“¬ß“π«à“ ºŸâ∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ª√–®”®–¡’√–¥—∫¢Õß°√¥¬Ÿ√‘° „π‡≈◊Õ¥µË”°«à“ ·≈–¡’§«“¡‰«µàÕÕ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π¡“°°«à“ºâŸ∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡“®“°∑—È߇πÈ◊Õ —µ«å·≈– æ◊™º—°Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ·≈–§«“¡‰«µàÕÕ‘π´Ÿ≈‘π¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫®”π«πªï∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π ¡ß—  «‘√—µ‘Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡πËÕ◊ ß ∫∑«‘®“√≥·å ≈– √ÿª ®“°°“√»÷°…“∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√„π‡√Ë◊ÕßÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘-‡® ·≈–µ‘¥µ“¡ºâŸ∫√‘‚¿§∑Ë’¡’ §«“¡√⟷≈–ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°·≈–°‘πÕ“À“√„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡·≈–∂Ÿ°µâÕß √«¡∑—È߇հ “√ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë À≈“°À≈“¬ æ∫«à“ºâŸ∫√‘‚¿§¥—ß°≈à“«®–‰¥â√—∫ “√Õ“À“√‡æ’¬ßæÕ·≈–§√∫∂â«πµ“¡§«“¡µâÕß°“√ ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ π—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘-‡®∑’ˇ¢â“„®À≈—°°“√‚¿™π“°“√®÷߉¡à‡°‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‰¡à‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬¥â«¬ ‚√§‡√◊ÈÕ√—ß À√◊Õ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√¢“¥ “√Õ“À“√·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ‡¢“®–¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ∑’Ë¥’ ·¢Áß·√ß Õ“¬ÿ¬◊π ·≈–ª≈Õ¥®“°‚√§‰¥â „π∑“ßµ√ߢⓡ ∂“â À“°º∫Ÿâ √‚‘ ¿§‰¡¡à §’ «“¡√Ÿâ„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°Õ“À“√ ‰¡‡à ¢“â „®∑“ß ‚¿™π“°“√¢ÕßÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ À√◊Õ°‘πÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘µ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’À√◊Õ»√—∑∏“„π»“ π“‡æ’¬ß Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ·µà¢“¥§«“¡√âŸ∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√ π—°¡—ß «‘√—µ‘-‡®¥—ß°≈à“«Õ“®¡’‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡ªìπ‚√§ ¢“¥‡À≈Á° ¢“¥«‘µ“¡π‘ ∫’ 12 ·≈–¢“¥°√¥Õ–¡‚‘ 𮔇ªìπ‰¥â Õ¬à“߉√°µÁ “¡ ‚¥¬‡©≈Ë’¬∑—«Ë ‰ª π—°¡ß—  «‘√—µ-‡® ∑’¡Ë §’ «“¡√¥âŸ â“π‚¿™π“°“√ ¡—°®–¡ ’ ÿ¢¿“楰’ «“à §π°π‘ Õ“À“√∑’ˉ¡à„™à¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

188 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕË◊  ¢ÿ ¿“æ ‡æÕË◊ ‡ªπì ·π«∑“ß„π°“√∫√‚‘ ¿§Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— Õ‘ ¬“à ß∂°Ÿ µÕâ ß·≈–¡ ’ ¥—  «à πÕ¬“à ߇À¡“– ¡ „π·µà≈–«—π ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§§«√„™â√Ÿª “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡ªî√–¡‘¥Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ (vegetarian food guide pyramid) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ´÷Ëߧ≈⓬§≈÷ß°—∫√Ÿªªî√–¡‘¥Õ“À“√∑—Ë«‰ªÀ√◊Õ∏ß‚¿™π“°“√∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫‚¥¬ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ (¥√Ÿ “¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥„π∫∑∑Ë’ 1 ‡√Õ◊Ë ß Õ“À“√µ“¡À≈°— ‚¿™π“°“√·ºπª®í ®∫ÿ π— ) ‡ªπì ·π«∑“ß ‡æ¬’ ß·µà„™æâ ™◊ µ√–°≈Ÿ ∂«—Ë ∏≠— æ™◊ ‡µ“â ÀŸâ º≈‰¡‡â ª≈Õ◊ °·¢ßÁ ‡¡≈¥Á ·≈–æ™◊ Õπ◊Ë Ê ·∑π‚ª√µπ’ ®“° ‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å ·≈–„™âπÈ”¡—πæ◊™‡ªìπ·À≈à߉¢¡—π·∑ππÈ”¡—π®“° —µ«å ‚¥¬¡’π¡·≈–‰¢à‡ªìπÕ“À“√„Àâ‡≈◊Õ°  ”À√—∫π—°¡—ß «√‘ —µ∫‘ “ß°≈àÿ¡∑¬Ë’ ß— µÕâ ß°“√π¡·≈–‰¢àÕ¬4àŸ 3 Õ¬“à ߉√°Á¥’ Õ“®¡’°“√æ≤— π“ ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π ‰¥â„π°≈¡àÿ ª√–™“°√∑¡Ë’ ’»“ π“ ª√–‡æ≥’ ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡·µ°µà“ß°π— „π«ß°“√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å ¡—¬„À¡à Õߧå°√µà“ßÊ ‰¥â√“¬ß“πº≈°“√«‘®—¬ ∑“ß√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“·≈– —µ«å∑¥≈Õß ·≈–‰¥â¬◊π¬—π«à“ Õ“À“√ à«π„À≠à∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ÿ¢¿“楒·≈–∑”„Àâ Õ“¬ÿ¬◊ππ—ÈπµâÕ߇ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’¡“®“°æ◊™º—°º≈‰¡â ‰¡à‰¥â¡“®“°Õ“À“√æ«°‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å ‡™àπ  ¡“§¡ Õ“À“√Õ‡¡√‘°—π (American Dietetics Association, ADA. 1993) ‰¥â¡’°“√¬Õ¡√∫— ·≈– π—∫ πÿπ „Àâ§π∑Ë—«‰ª∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’°“√«“ß·ºπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕß°Á®–‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß √“à ß°“¬·≈– ¢ÿ ¿“æ Õ“®¡’§”∂“¡«à“ „π‡¡◊ËÕÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘¡’º≈¥’¡“°µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ∑”‰¡§π„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–∫“ߪ√–‡∑»®ß÷ ¬ß— ∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¡ß—  «‘√—µ‘πâÕ¬°«“à Õ“À“√®“°‡πÕ◊È  —µ«å §”µÕ∫ §◊Õ °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß惵‘°√√¡„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°Õ“À“√·≈–°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß´—∫´âÕπ ¢÷Èπ°—∫ªí®®—¬À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ π‘ —¬·≈–§«“¡√Ÿâ¢Õß·µà≈–∫ÿ§§≈ §«“¡‡§¬™‘𠧫“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡¥‘¡ §«“¡æÕ„® ·≈–°“√µ‘¥„®„π√ Õ“À“√‡¥‘¡ √«¡∑—Èß«—≤π∏√√¡ª√–‡æ≥’„π°“√ª√ÿß ·≈–°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß °“√‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß®“°Õ“À“√‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å∑Ë’∑”„À⇰‘¥‚√§ ¡“‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’¡’æ◊™º—°¡“° À√◊ÕÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ ´÷Ëߥ’µàÕ°“√‡ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æπ—Èππ—∫«à“‡ªìπ‡√Ë◊Õß ¬Ë‘߬“°¡“° ¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈πÈ’ ®÷߉¥â¡’ºâŸ‡ πÕ‚¡‡¥≈‚¥¬„™â§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å™à«¬68  “¡“√∂∑”𓬷≈–„Àâ §”µÕ∫«à“ ∑”‰¡§π®÷߇≈◊Õ°∫√‘‚¿§∫“ßÕ¬à“ß À√◊Õ‰¡à∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∫“ßÕ¬à“ß? ∑”Õ¬à“߉√®÷ß®– ‡ª≈Ë’¬π·ª≈ß°“√‡≈Õ◊ °Õ“À“√„π∫ÿ§§≈·≈–™π°≈ÿ¡à „À≠à‰¥?â °“√À“™π¥‘ ªí®®¬— µ“à ßÊ ∑’¡Ë “‡°’ˬ«¢Õâ ß ·≈–∑“ߥâ“π„™â§”µÕ∫¢Õߧ”∂“¡¥—ß°≈à“«§ß‡ªìπ‡√Ë◊Õß∑Ë’µâÕß»÷°…“«‘®—¬µàÕ‰ª (Nestle M. 1999) §”µÕ∫Õ“®‡ªπì ª√–‚¬™π„å π°“√»°÷ …“·≈–°“√«“ß·ºπ∑“ߧ≈π‘ °‘  “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ °“√µ≈“¥ æπ— ∏°ÿ √√¡ ·≈–§«“¡ªØ‘ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ —ߧ¡ ‡æË◊Õ à߇ √‘¡°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑æ◊™º—°·≈–¡—ß «‘√—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ  ¢ÿ ¿“æ„À≥ºâ ≈®√‘߮ߗ µàÕ‰ª ‡√“Õ“®À“§«“¡√âŸ∑’ˇ°Ë’¬«¢âÕß°—∫Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“扥⮓°µ”√“·≈–Àπ—ß ◊Õ Õ’°®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë«“ß®”Àπà“¬„πµ≈“¥21, 28, 40 34, 74 „π∫∑πÈ’ ºâŸ‡¢’¬π‰¥âπ”º≈°“√»÷°…“Õ“À“√·≈– °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 189 Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ —µ‘ ‚¿™π“°“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘¡“®“°°“√§âπ§«â“·≈–√«∫√«¡º≈ß“π«‘®—¬®“°‡Õ° “√Àπ—ß ◊Õµ”√“·≈– «“√ “√„À¡Êà ∑ß—È „π·≈–µ“à ߪ√–‡∑»‡∑“à ∑®’Ë – “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â ∑”„À≥Õâ ߧ§å «“¡√‡Ÿâ æ¡Ë‘ ‡µ¡‘ ∑§’Ë Õà π¢“â ß ∑—π ¡—¬∑È—ß√–¥—∫æ◊Èπ∞“π·≈–°“√π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â  “¡“√∂𔉪æ—≤π“√Ÿª·∫∫„π°“√¥Ÿ·≈  ÿ¢¿“æ¥â«¬µπ‡Õߥ⫬ՓÀ“√·≈–‚¿™π“°“√ ´Ë÷߇ªìπ°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷ËߢÕß ª√–™“™π‡æË◊Õ„™â„π°“√‡ √‘¡ √â“ß ÿ¢¿“æ·≈–√—°…“‚√§ ·≈–𔉪º ¡º “π°—∫°“√·æ∑¬å ·ºπªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ª√–À¬—¥·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥µàÕ‰ª ¥â«¬§«“¡À«—ß«à“ ºâŸ∫√‘À“√ ¢Õß°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·≈–ºŸâ∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√·æ∑¬å„π√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂Ë‘π √–¥—∫®—ßÀ«—¥ ·≈–√–¥—∫ √—∞∫“≈æ÷ßæ‘®“√≥“„πÀ≈—°°“√·≈–°“√π”Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ¥â“π‚¿™π“°“√·≈–Õ“À“√®“°æ◊™º—°º≈‰¡â À√◊ÕÕ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘¥—ß°≈à“«‡æË◊Õ‰ª„™â„π°“√«“ß·ºπ°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ à߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ °“√ªÕÑ ß°—π‚√§ ·≈–°“√∫”∫—¥√—°…“‚√§‡√Õ◊È √ß— ¢Õߪ√–™“™π ‡ªπì °“√æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»™“µ‘ ∫◊ ‰ª ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. American Medical Association: http://www.ama-assn.org 2. Atkins Facts: http://www.atkinsexposed.org. (Atkins Health and Medical Information Services :http://www.lowcarb.ca) 3. Atkins Nutritionals, Inc.: http://www.atkins.com. 4. Health, United States, Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths 2005 : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books 5. http://www.grassrootsmedia.org/vegetarianism.html 6. http://www.jtcwd.com/vegie 7. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/ 8. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/United-Nations/Economic-and-Social- Development-WFC 9. http://www.siam2.com/library/kin-j/index.php 10. http://www.thaijay.cjb.net 11. http://www.vegsoc.orghttp://www.eduthai.com/chinese/jfood.asp 12. http://www.vnv.org.au/Definitions.htm 13. International Vegetarian Union: http://www.ivu.org 14. IVU, çGlobal News Round Upé :http://www.ivu.org/news/95-96/general.html °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

190 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æËÕ◊  ¢ÿ ¿“æ 15. IVU: http://www.ivu.org/congress/euro97/consequences.html 16. Vegetarianism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism 17. Vegetarian Society, UK: http://www.vegsoc.org/info/realeat.html 18. °≈àÿ¡»°÷ …“·≈–ªØ∫‘ µ— ∏‘ √√¡ ¡—ß «‘√µ— „‘ π∑»— π–∑“à πæ∑ÿ ∏∑“ ¿‘°¢ÿ æ√âÕ¡¥«â ¬∑»— π–ª√–°Õ∫¢Õß æ√–√“™«√¡ÿπ’ ·≈–‡ ∂’¬√æß…å «√√≥ª° ‚√ßæ‘¡æ®å °— √“π°ÿ ≈Ÿ °“√æ¡‘ æå 2529. 19. ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘§ÿ≥∏√√¡π”„®√à«¡ (∂ß´‘π) ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‡¡µµ“∏√√¡ ™¡√¡¡—ß «‘√—µ‘·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈– ∫√…‘ ∑— ‡¥Õ–¡Õ≈≈å °√ÿäª ®”°¥— . ¡À°√√¡Õ“À“√‡® 2000. 2543. 20. ∫∑∫“∑‚√߇√’¬πª√–∂¡»÷°…“: ùºŸâ°àÕû À√Õ◊ ùºâŸ·°âû ªí≠À“‚√§Õâ«π¢Õ߇¥°Á ‰∑¬. À¡Õ™“«∫â“π, 2549,28, 332:10-13. 21. ‰¡µ√’  ∑ÿ ∏®µ‘ µå (∫°) ·≈– Àæπ— ∏¡å ß—  «√‘ µ— ·‘ Àßà ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. «∂‘  ’ ¢ÿ ¿“æ·Àßà ™«’ µ‘ °“√√«¡‡√Õ◊Ë ß ®“°°“√ª√–™¡ÿ ¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‚‘ ≈° §√ß—È ∑Ë’ 33 (The 33rd World Vegetarian Congress û99) ‡™’¬ß„À¡à 4-10 ¡°√“§¡ 2542 22. °√ÿ≥’ ¢«—≠∫≠ÿ ®—𠇥°Á ·≈–Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘ «“√ “√‚¿™π“°“√ 2534; 35(4): 52-62 23. Õ¡√—µπå ‡®√‘≠™—¬ ®“√ÿ«√√≥ πææ√√§å. ¡—ß «‘√—µ‘. ™¡√¡Õ“À“√¡—ß «‘√—µ‘·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ‘¡æå∑»’Ë ‘√«‘ ≤— π“°“√æ¡‘ æå 2534 24. ADA. Position of The American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc 1993; 93:1317-1319. 25. Adams MR, Golden DL, Chen H, Register TC. Gugger ET. A Diet Rich in Green and Yellow Vegetables Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Mice. J. Nutr. 2006; 136:1886- 1889 26. Armstrong, B. (1977) Blood pressure in Seventh Day Adventist vegetarians. Am Jnl Epidemiology v.105 p.444-9 27. Atkins RC. Dr. Atkinsû Diet Revolution: The High Calorie Way to Stay Thin Forever. New York, David McKay Inc Publishers, 1972. 28. Barnard N. Food for Life: How the New Four Groups Can Save Your Life. Three Rivers Press. NY, USA. 1993 29. Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJA, McGrievy GT, Gloede L, Jaster B, Seidl K, Green AA, Talpers S. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006, 29:1777-1783. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 191 Õ“À“√¡—ß «√‘ µ— ‘ 30. Barnard ND, Scialli AR, Turner-McGrievy G, Lanou AJ, Glass J. The effects of a low-fat, plant-based dietary intervention on body weight, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Am J Med. 2005 Sep;118(9):991-997. 31. British Medical Association (1986). Diet, nutrition and health. BMA, London. 32. Clausen JO, Borch-Johnsen K, H Ibsen, Bergman RN, Hougaard P, Winther K, and Pedersen O. Insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Cauca- sians. Analysis of the impact of gender, body fat, physical fitness, and life-style factors. J Clin Invest. 1996 September 1; 98(5): 1195-1209. 33. Colombo C, Muti P, Pala V, Cavalleri A, Venturelli E, Locardi M, Berrino F, Secreto G. Plant-based diet, serum fatty acid profile, and free radicals in postmeno- pausal women: the diet and androgens (DIANA) randomized trial. Int J Biol Markers. 2005 Jul-Sep;20(3):169-76. 34. Diamond H, Diamond M. Fit for Life. Bantam Book, NY, USA. 1985: 97-100. 35. Dwyer JT, Dietz Jr WH, Andrews EM, Suskind RM. Nutritional status of vegetarian children. Am.J.Clin.Nutr., 1982: 35: 204-216 36. Dwyer JT. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May; 71(5):1211-3. on Convergence of plant-rich and plant-only diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl): 620S-622S. 37. Dwyer JT. Nutritional consequences of vegetarianism. Ann Rev Nutr 1991;11:61-91. 38. Fraser GE. Diet as primordial prevention in Seventh-Day Adventists. Prev Med 1999 Dec;29(6 Pt 2):S18-23. 39. Fraser, G et al (1991) Diet and lung cancer in Seventh Day Adventists. Am Jnl Epidemiology v.133 p.683-93. 40. Giehl D. Vegetarian A Way of Life. Barnes & Noble Books, N.Y., USA. 1981. 41. Goff LM, Bell JD, So PW, Dornhorst A, Frost GS. Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005. Feb; 59(2): 291-298. 42. Griffiths K, Adlercreutz H, Boyle P, Denis L, Nicholson RI, Morton MS. Nutrition and Cancer. Isis Medical Media, Oxford, 1996: 16-21. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

192 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ¢ÿ ¿“æ 43. Haddad EH, Sabate J, Whitten CG. Vegetarian food guide pyramid: a conceptual framework. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 Sep;70 (3 Suppl):615S-619S 44. Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, Manson JAE, Albert CM, Rexrode K, Hu F. Low-Carbohydrate-Diet Score and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women. New Eng. J Med. 2006; Volume 355 :1991-2002 45. Hunt IF, Murphy NJ, Henderson C et al: Bone mineral content in postmenopausal women: comparison of omnivores and vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 50: 517-523, 1989. 46. Hunt IF, Murphy NJ, Henderson C. Food and nutrient intake of Seventh-day Adventist women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Sep;48 (3 Suppl):850-1. 47. Hunt JR. Moving toward a plant-based diet: are iron and zinc at risk? Nutr Rev 2002 May;60(5 Pt 1):127-134. 48. Kapleau RP. To Cherish All Life: A Buddhist View of Animal Slaughter and Meat Eating. The Zen Center. Rochester, NY. 1981. 49. Key TJ, Davey GK, Appleby PN. Health benefits of a vegetarian diet. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 May;58(2):271-5. 50. Key, TJ, et al.. Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, September 1999; 70, No. 3, 516S-524S. 51. Singh et al. --Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans?. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78 (3): 526 52. Kim HM, Park J, Kim HS, Kim DH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents aged 12-19 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998 and 2001. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. January 2007; 75: 111-114. 53. Kromhout D. Diet and cardiovascular diseases. J Nutr Health Aging 2001;5(3): 144-149. 54. Maserejian NN, Giovannucci E, Rosner B, Zavras A, Joshipura K. Prospective Study of Fruits and Vegetables and Risk of Oral Premalignant Lesions. Am. J. Epidemiol..2006; 164: 556-566 °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 193 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ µ— ‘ 55. CS, Lai NS, Ho LT and Lin CL. Insulin sensitivity in Chinese ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores. EJCN. 2004; 58 (2): 312-316. 56. La Placa M, Pazzaglia M, Tosti A. Lycopenaemia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14(4):311-2 57. Ludwig DS, Pereira MA, Kroenke CH, Hilner JE, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, et al. Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. JAMA 1999; 282:1539-46. 58. Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R, Armstrong BK. Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Dec 6;293(6560):1468-1471. 59. Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK, Vandongen R. Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: effects of fat and fiber. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Sep;48(3 Suppl): 801-5. 60. Maria Silvia Muylaert de Araujo, Christiano Pires de Campos and Luiz Pinguelli Rosa. GHG historical contribution by sectors, sustainable development and equity†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 11, Is- sue 5, June 2007. 61. Marsh AG, Sanchez TV, Chaffee FL et al: Bone mineral mass in adult lacto- ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous males. Am J Clin Nutr 37: 453-456, 1983. 62. Marsh AG, Sanchez TV, Michelsen O, Chaffee FL, Fagal SM. Vegetarian lifestyle and bone mineral density. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Sep;48 (3 Suppl):837-41. 63. Marsh AG, Sanchez TV, Mickelsen O et al: Cortical bone density of adult lacto-ovo- vegetarian and omnivorous women. J Am Diet Assoc 76: 148-151, 1980. 64. Michels KB, Giovannucci E, Joshipura KJ, et al. t Prospective Study of Fruits and Vegetables and Risk of Colon and Rectal Cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 92, No. 21, 1740-1752, November 1, 2000. 65. Nestle M. Animal v. plant foods in human diets and health: is the historical record mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70 (3 Suppl):500S-503S. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

194 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æËÕ◊  ÿ¢¿“æ 66. Nieman DC, Underwood BC, Sherman KM, Arabatzis K, Barbosa JC, Johnson M, Shultz TD. Dietary status of Seventh-Day Adventist vegetarian and non-vegetarian elderly women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1989 Dec;89(12):1763-9 67. Niemeier HM, Raynor HA, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Rogers ML, Wing RR..Fast food consumption and breakfast skipping: predictors of weight gain from adolescence to adulthood in a nationally representative sample. J Adolesc Health. 2006 Dec;39(6):842-9. Epub 2006 Sep 68. Phillips CV.Complex systems model of dietary choice with implications for improving diets and promoting vegetarianism. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 Sep;70 (3 Suppl):608S-614S. 69. Prusiner SB. Molecular biology of prion diseases Science, 1991; 252 (5012):1515- 1522. 70. Prusiner SB. Prions. PNAS. 1998; 95: 13363-13383 71. Rauma AL, Mykkänen H. Antioxidant status in vegetarians versus omnivores. Nutrition., February 2000; 16 (2): 111-119. 72. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 1995. 73. Richter V, Rassoul F, Hentschel B, Kothe K, Krobara M, Unger R, Purschwitz K, Rotzsch W, Thiery J, Muradian K. Age-dependence of lipid parameters in the general population and vegetarians. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2004 Jun;37(3):207-213. 74. Robbins Diet for A New America. R, Stillpoint Publishings. NH, USA. 1987. 75. Rouse IL, Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK,Vandongen R. Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a vegetarian diet: controlled trial in normotensive subjects Lancet 1983, 1, 5 1;1(8314-5):5-10 76. Ruegg DS. çAhimsa and Vegetarianism in the History of Buddismé in Buddhist Studies in Honour of Walpola Rahula. Ed. S. Balasooriya. George Fraser. London, 1980, pp 234-241. 77. Sabate J. Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause unequivocal? Proc Nutr Soc 1999 May;58(2):211-218. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 3 195 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «√‘ —µ‘ 78. Sahud HB, Binns HJ, Meadow WL, Tanz RR.Marketing fast food: impact of fast food restaurants in childrenûs hospitals.. Pediatrics. 2006 ec;118(6):2290-7. 79. Segasothy M, Phillips PA. Vegetarian diet: Commentary papers: Vegetarian diet: panacea for modern lifestyle diseases? Q J Med 1999; 92: 531-544. 80. Sharma DC and Mathur R. Correction of anemia and iron deficiency in vegetarians by administration of ascorbic acid. Indian Journal of Physiology and Phar- macology, October 1995, Volume 39, Number 4, pp. 403-406. 81. Sharma DC, Khalsa JK, Soni BL, Singh PP, Simlot MM. Some observations on serum iron level in health. J Indian Med Assoc 1972;58:204-207 82. Sharma DC, Kiran R, Ramnath, V, Khushlani K, Singh PP. Iron deficiency and in vegetarian mothers and their new-borns. Ind J Clin Biochem 1994;9:100-102. 83. Sharma JB, Soni D, Murthy NS,Malhotra M. Effect of dietary habits on prevalence of anemia in pregnant women of Delhi. J. Obstetrics & Gynaecology Res. 2003; 29 (2): 1341. 84. Siegenberg D, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Macfarlane BJ, LamParelli RD, Car NG, Mac-Phail P, Schmidt U, Tal A, Mayet F. Ascorbic acid prevents the dose- dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytates on nonheme iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:537-541. 85. Siener R, Hesse A. The effect of a vegetarian and different omnivorous diets on urinary risk factors for uric acid stone formation. Eur J Nutr. 2003 Dec;42(6): 332-337. 86. Thomas WA. Health of a Carnivorous Race. A Study of the Eskimo, J Am Med Ass. 1927; May, 88: p.14-18 in Meat Diet in Health and in Disease. Chicago: American Medical Association. 87. Thrash A, Thrash C. The Animal Connection. Diseases, Animals and You. 1992. 88. Turner-McGrievy GM, Barnard ND, Scialli AR, Lanou AJ. Effects of a low-fat vegan diet and a Step II diet on macro- and micronutrient intakes in overweight postmenopausal women. Nutrition. 2004 Sep;20(9):738-46. 89. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 4th Edition, 1995. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

196 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ÿ¢¿“æ 90. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Sharma DC 1995, Volume 39, 403- 406) Sharma DC, Kiran R, 1972;58:204-207. 91. Lea E, Worsley A. Influences on meat consumption in Australia. Appetite 2001 Apr;36(2):127-36. 92. Mälkki Y, Virtanen E. Gastrointestinal Effects of Oat Bran and Oat Gum: A Review†Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft-Technologie, 2001; 34 (6): 337-347. 93. A Critique of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Weight Reduction Regimens:A Review of Dr. Atkinsû Diet Revolution. Journal of the American Medical Association 224(1974):1415. 94. Oral Presentation at the 4th Asian Congress on Nutrition, 1983. 95. Forbes-Ewan C. Effect of Vegetarian Diets on Performance in Strength Sports Sportscience 6, sportsci.org/jour/0201/cf-e.htm, 20023479 words) (Reviewed by Greg Cox, Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia 2616) 96. Weber S. Sports Nutrition for Vegetarian Athletes: On-line website: (www.adksportsfitness.com/august2003/columns/nutrition.htm) 97. The Writing Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5. Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans. New Eng. J. Med., 2005; 353: 1374-1385. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑’Ë 3 197 Õ“À“√¡ß—  «‘√µ— ‘ ª√–«—µº‘ âπŸ ‘æπ∏∫å ∑∑Ë’ 3 ™Õ◊Ë : »“ µ√“®“√¬‡å °¬’ √µ§‘ ÿ≥ ¥√. ‰¡µ√’  ÿ∑∏®‘µµå ‡°¥‘ : «π— ∑Ë’ 2 ¡π’ “§¡ 2482 ∑’Ë Õ”‡¿Õ π— ∑√“¬ ‡™¬’ ß„À¡à ∑ËÕ’ ¬àŸ : 140-/3 ´Õ¬§à“¬≈Ÿ°‡ Õ◊ À¡Ÿà∑Ë’ 1 µ. ™â“߇º◊Õ° Õ. ‡¡Õ◊ ß ‡™’¬ß„À¡à 50300 ‚∑√»æ— ∑å /‚∑√ “√: 053-226-495 (∫“â π) 089-106-9720 (‡§≈ËÕ◊ π∑’Ë) ¡∫’ µÿ √ “« 2 §π  ¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«‡ªìππ—°¡ß—  «‘√µ— ¡‘ “µ≈Õ¥¡“°°«“à 26 ªï ∑Ë’∑”ß“πªí®®ÿ∫π— : Õ“®“√¬ºå Ÿâ∑√ߧ≥ÿ «≤ÿ ‘  ”π—°«™‘ “«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√·å ≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈¬— π‡√»«√ æ–‡¬“ ·≈–Õ“®“√¬å摇»… ¿“§«™‘ “™’«‡§¡’ §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈—¬‡™¬’ ß„À¡à Õ‡’ ¡≈ : [email protected], [email protected] °“√»÷°…“ : - «∑.∫. (‡§¡’, ‡°’¬√µ‘𬑠¡), ®Ãÿ “≈ß°√≥¡å À“«∑‘ ¬“≈—¬ ªï 2505 - «∑.¡. (™«’ ‡§¡)’ , ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·æ∑¬»“ µ√å (¡.¡À‘¥≈„πªí®®∫ÿ π— ) ªï 2507 - Ph.D (Biochemistry.), University of New York at Buffalo, N.Y., USA. ªï 2514 µ”·Àπßà ∫√‘À“√-«™‘ “°“√„πÕ¥µ’ : - 30 °—𬓬π æ.». 2543 ª≈¥‡°…¬’ ≥√“™°“√ (√—∫√“™°“√¡“π“π 36 ªï 6 ‡¥◊Õπ) - ‡ªìπÕ“®“√¬åæË’‡≈È’¬ß (mentor) ¢Õßπ—°«‘®—¬√àÿπ„À¡à∑Ë’‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπ®“°  °«. „π ¡.‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¡.‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ÿ√π“√’ ¡.π‡√»«√ ¡. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å ¡. ¡À“ “√§“¡ - ‡ªìπ°√√¡°“√ºŸ∑â √ߧ≥ÿ «ÿ≤‘ §≥–«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√·å ≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈¬— √“™¿Ø— ‡™’¬ß„À¡à - ªí®®ÿ∫—π °√√¡°“√ ¿“«‘™“°“√ ·≈–°√√¡°“√µ√«® Õ∫º≈ß“π«‘™“°“√ §≥“®“√¬å ¢Õß ¡À“«∑‘ ¬“≈—¬√“™¿Ø— ‡™¬’ ß√“¬ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

198 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ÿ¢¿“æ - °àյȗ߷≈–‡ªπì ª√–∏“π ¡“§¡µÕà µ“â πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ - √Õߪ√–∏“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‡‘ ∑¬’ πΩÕ∏√√¡ ∂“π °∑¡. - °√√¡°“√ΩÉ“¬«™‘ “°“√¢Õß°“√®¥— ß“π The 33rd World Vegetarian Congress 1999 ·≈– The Second Asian Vegetarian Congress ∑’Ë°∑¡. æ.». 2549 ·≈– The Third Asian Vegetarian Congress æ.». 2550 ∑‡Ë’ ¡Õ◊ ߇°“ ß ‡°“–‰µÀâ «π— - ªí®®ÿ∫—π (2551 - 2553) ‡ªìπª√–∏“π Àæ—π∏å¡—ß «‘√—µ‘‡Õ‡™’¬ (Asian Vegetarian Union) ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 199 Õ“À“√æ◊πÈ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ∫∑∑’Ë 4 Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π‰∑¬ (Thai Traditional Food) ∫∑π” ·°–√Õ¬Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ §”®”°—¥§«“¡·≈–≈—°…≥–¢ÕßÕ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬ Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ 4 ¿“§ ë ¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ ë ¿“§°≈“ß ë ¿“§Õ ‘ “π ë ¿“§„µâ Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßÕ“À“√™π™“µ‘Õ◊Ëπ„πÕ¥’µ «—≤π∏√√¡°“√°π‘ °—∫¢π¡∏√√¡‡π¬’ ¡ª√–‡æ≥’ Õ“À“√µ“¡·π«∑ƒ…Æ°’ “√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–∑ƒ…ÆÕ’ πË◊ ∑Ë’‡°¬’Ë «¢Õâ ß º°— æπ◊È ∫“â π Õ“À“√ª√∫— ∏“µÿ Õ“À“√µ“¡ƒ¥°Ÿ “≈ Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫“â π‡æÕË◊ Õ“¬ÿ«—≤π– Õ“À“√‰∑¬«—ππÈ’ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– ∫∑ √ªÿ ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕß‘ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

200 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ¢ÿ ¿“æ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 201 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ∫∑∑’Ë 4 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ (Thai Traditional Food) ¥√. Õ”‰æ 惵‘«√æß»å°≈ÿ ∫∑π” ·°–√Õ¬Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫â“π‰∑¬ 9, 15 „πÕ¥’µ ¡πÿ…¬å‡√“¡’«‘∂’™’«‘µ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà·∫∫‰¡àÕ“»—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¡“°π—° ‡√“¡’™’«‘µ √Õ¥Õ¬Ÿà‰¥â¥â«¬°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘ ‡√’¬π√®Ÿâ “° —µ«å √Ÿâ«“à ‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“∑Ë’‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬ππÈ—  µ— «å™π‘¥πÈ’‰ª °‘πÕ–‰√ ‡√“°Áπà“®–°‘π‰¥â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ¡’°“√∑¥≈Õß„™â¥â«¬µπ‡Õß ‡¡Ë◊Õª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á® °Á∂à“¬∑Õ¥«‘∏’°“√°‘π°“√„™âπÈ—π„Àâ°—∫§πÕ◊Ëπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬ˑ߄π§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õßµ—«‡Õß àŸ≈Ÿ°À≈“π  ◊∫∑Õ¥¡“À≈“¬™Ë—«Õ“¬ÿ§π °àÕ„À⇰‘¥«‘«—≤π“°“√∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡„π°“√ª√ÿß·µàßÕ“À“√ °“√°‘𬓠√—°…“‚√§ ·≈–√«¡∂÷߇°…µ√°√√¡æ◊Èπ∫â“π ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß°—π¡“¬“«π“π ∑’Ë„¥¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß ™’«¿“æ¡“° ¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õß«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫ º—°µà“ßÊ ´Ë÷߇ªìπº—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π∑’ˇµ‘∫‚µµ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ∑’ËπË—π¬àÕ¡¡’°“√ª√ÿß·µàßÕ“À“√‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬«‘∏’ ®πÀ≈àÕÀ≈Õ¡°≈“¬‡ªìπ«—≤π∏√√¡°“√°‘π ∑’ˇªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õß·µà≈–∑âÕß∂Ë‘π·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß≈ßµ—«°—∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡®π®“°µ”√—∫ µ”√“Õ“À“√‚∫√“≥¢Õ߉∑¬·µà≈–¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§≈â«π‡ªìπ Ë‘ß –∑âÕπ„Àâ‡√“‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß«‘∂’™’«‘µ «—≤π∏√√¡ ¢π∫∏√√¡‡π’¬¡ ª√–‡æ≥∑’ Õâ ß∂πË‘ ‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬“à ߥ’ §”®”°—¥§«“¡·≈–≈—°…≥–¢ÕßÕ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫â“π‰∑¬ ®“°§«“¡À¡“¬¢ÕßÕ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬·≈–≈—°…≥–¢ÕßÕ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬∑Ë’√–∫ÿ‰«â„π Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬ ™ÿ¥¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“¥â“π ÿ¢¿“æ 1 ‚¥¬°√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈– °“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ¢ÿ 5 πÈπ— Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π‰∑¬ À¡“¬∂ß÷ Õ“À“√∑ª’Ë √–™“™π §π‰∑¬∫√‘‚¿§Õ¬Ÿà„π™’«‘µª√–®”«—π ·≈–∫√‘‚¿§„π‚Õ°“ µà“ßÊ ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√ÿß «— ¥ÿ∑Ë’π”¡“ ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ ∑—Èß®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘∑à“¡°≈“ß𑇫»∑Ë’·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬àŸ ·≈–®“°°“√º≈‘µ ¢÷Èπ¡“‡Õß ‡™àπ °“√‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ° °“√‡≈È’¬ß —µ«å À√◊Õ®“°°“√´Õ◊È ¢“¬·≈°‡ª≈ˬ’ π ‚¥¬¡’°√√¡«‘∏’„π°“√ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

202 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ¢ÿ ¿“æ ∑”‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å √«¡∑—Èß√ ™“µ‘∑Ë’‡ªìπ‡©æ“–∂‘Ëπ·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª ´÷ËßÕ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬¡’ §ÿ≥≈°— …≥–‚¥¬√«¡∑Ë’ “¡“√∂®”·π°‰¥â ¥—ßπ’È 1. Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬‡ªπì Õ“À“√∑Ë’∫√‘‚¿§„π™’«µ‘ ª√–®”«—π·≈–‚Õ°“ æ‡‘ »… 2. Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’¡’°“√ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√ÿß√ ∑’Ë¡’ ¿“¬„π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π 3. Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°√√¡«‘∏’°“√ª√ÿß·∫∫‡√’¬∫ßà“¬‰ª®π∂÷ߧ«“¡ ´—∫´âÕπ ·≈–«∏‘ ’°“√ª√ÿß®–§ß‰«´â ß÷Ë √ ™“µ·‘ ∫∫∏√√¡™“µ‘ 4. Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫â“π‰∑¬¡°’ √–∫«π°“√·≈–‡∑§π‘§„π°“√∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√ ÿ°À≈“¬√ªŸ ·∫∫ 5. Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬¡°’ √–∫«π°“√·≈–°√√¡«∏‘ ’„π°“√∑®Ë’ –∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√À≈“¬√ªŸ ·∫∫ 6. Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬¡’«∏‘ ’°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√∑’Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ƒ¥°Ÿ “≈·≈–√–∫∫π‡‘ «» Õ“À“√æ◊πÈ ∫â“π‰∑¬ 4 ¿“§ Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π‰∑¬ ‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’¡’§«“¡‡™Ë◊Õ¡‚¬ß°—∫ ¿“æ∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ë·«¥≈âÕ¡∑Ë’¡’ §«“¡·µ°µ“à ß°—π‰ªµ“¡ ¿“æ¿Ÿ¡ª‘ √–‡∑» ¿¡Ÿ Õ‘ “°“» ¥ß— ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°Õ“À“√æ◊πÈ ∫â“π„π·µ≈à –¿“§ ∑—Èß 4 ¿“§¢Õ߉∑¬∑Ë’¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õßµπ‡Õßπ—Èπ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑—Èß™π‘¥ ≈—°…≥– Õ“À“√ ‡§√Õ◊Ë ßª√ßÿ Õ“À“√  à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√ √ ™“µ‘ ·≈–°√√¡«∏‘ °’ “√ª√ÿßÕ“À“√∑ËÀ’ ≈“°À≈“¬ ¥—ßπ’È ¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ 5, 15 ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‡ªìπ¥‘π·¥π·Ààߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å∑Ë’¡’§«“¡‡®√‘≠√ÿà߇√◊Õß¡“·µàÕ¥’µ®«∫®π ªí®®ÿ∫—π ™“«‡Àπ◊Õ‰¥â √√ √â“ß»‘≈ª«—≤π∏√√¡Õ—π≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ≈÷°´È÷ß„π∑ÿ°¥â“π ‰¡à‡«âπ·¡â·µà°“√ ∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ Õ—π‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å∑Ë’ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈¢Õß∏√√¡™“µ‘ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫≈—°…≥– ¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’‡∑◊Õ°‡¢“πâÕ¬„À≠à ·≈–¡’·À≈àßµâππÈ”À≈“¬ “¬ ∑”„ÀâÕ“°“»§àÕπ¢â“ßÀ𓫇¬Áπ „πƒ¥ÀŸ π“« ƒ¥ΩŸ π¡§’ «“¡‡¢¬’ «™Õ¡àÿ ‰ª¥«â ¬æ™◊ æ√√≥∏≠— ≠“À“√ ¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ 15 ®ß— À«¥— ‚¥¬·∫à߇ªπì ¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕµÕπ∫π 8 ®ß— À«—¥ ·≈–¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ µÕπ≈“à ß 7 ®—ßÀ«¥— ´ß÷Ë ≈—°…≥–Õ“À“√ æÈ◊π∫â“π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õπ—Èπ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕµÕπ∫ππ‘¬¡√—∫ª√–∑“π¢â“«‡À𒬫 ¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕµÕπ≈à“ß √—∫ª√–∑“π¢â“«‡®â“§≈⓬¿“§°≈“ßµÕπ∫π ‚¥¬·À≈àßÕ“À“√„πÕ¥’µ‰¥â¡“®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘Õ—π Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â®“°°“√‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°·≈–‡≈’Ȭߠ—µ«å√à«¡¥â«¬ °“√ª√ÿßÕ“À“√¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ «à π„À≠®à –¡’√ ÕÕà π À√Õ◊ √ ‡ºÁ¥ ‡§Á¡ ‡ª√’Ȭ« ·µà‰¡àÀ«“π¡“° Õ“À“√¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ ‰¡à𬑠¡ „ àπ”È µ“≈ §«“¡À«“π®–‰¥â®“° à«πº ¡∑Ë’π”¡“ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√ ‡™à𠧫“¡À«“π®“°º—° ª≈“ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑’Ë 4 203 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ¡–‡¢◊Õ ¡â ‡ªπì µâπ §π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ®–√∫— ª√–∑“π¢“â «‡À𒬫‡ªìπÕ“À“√À≈°—  «à π°∫— ¢“â «°®Á –À“®“°  ß‘Ë ∑¡Ë’ Õ’ ¬àŸ„π∑âÕß∂π‘Ë ‡™àπ ‰°à À¡Ÿ ‡πÕÈ◊ ª≈“ ∑ Ë’ ”§≠— §Õ◊ º—°æπÈ◊ ∫â“π Õπ— ‡ªπì  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑¢Ë’ “¥‰¡à‰¥â °“√ª√ÿßÕ“À“√¡’À≈“¬«‘∏’ ‡™àπ °“√·°ß °“√®Õ °“√ â“ °“√¬” °“√‡®’¬« °“√ªöïª °“√ªôóπ °“√§—Ë«À√◊Õ°“√º—¥ °“√À≈⟠°“√µ”Î ´Ë÷ßÕ“À“√¢Õß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¡—°®–∑”„Àâ ÿ°¡“°Ê ‡™àπ º¥— º°— °®Á –º¥— ®πº°— π¡àÿ À√Õ◊ µ¡â º°— ®ππ¡ÿà Õ“À“√ «à π„À≠®à –„™ºâ ¥— °∫— π”È ¡π— ·¡·â µµà ”¢ππÿ (¬”¢ππÿ ) ‡¡Ë◊Õµ”‡ √Á®°ÁµâÕßπ”¡“º—¥Õ’°®÷ß®–√—∫ª√–∑“π ·µàÀ≈“¬§π§ß‰¡àªØ‘‡ ∏«à“„π ”√—∫¢—π‚µ° ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‡ªìπµ”√—∫Õ“À“√∑Ë’¡’‡ πàÀå ¡’‡Õ°≈—°…≥å√ ™“µ‘ ´÷Ëß¡’µ”π“πº—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π·≈–µ”√—∫Õ“À“√ ∫“ß™π¥‘ ¥ß— πÈ’ 1) ·°ß·§ ‡ªìπµ”√—∫·°ß∑’Ë„™âº—°æ◊Èπ∫â“πÀ≈“¬Ê Õ¬à“߇ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠ ª√ÿß√«¡°—π  ¡—¬°àÕπ§π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¡—°ª√ÿß·°ß·§¥â«¬º—°·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«åÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ √«¡∑È—ßÀ¡¥ ª√–¡“≥ 108 ™π‘¥ ·µàªí®®ÿ∫—ππÈ’º—°À“¬“°¢È÷π·≈–‡ ’¬‡«≈“ ®÷ߪ√ÿßµ”√—∫Õ¬à“߬àÕ „™â‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å Õ¬à“ß„¥Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π∑’Ë™“«‡Àπ◊Õ‡≈◊Õ°¡“¡—°‡ªìπº—°∑’ˉ¡à¡’√ ¢¡ ‡™àπ ™–Õ¡ ™–æ≈Ÿ ÀπàÕ‰¡â µ”≈÷ß º—°¢’ÈÀŸ¥ º—°§√“¥À—«·À«π ¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß ¡–‡¢◊Õ‡ª√“– ∂—Ë«Ωí°¬“« ∫«∫ º—°™’Ω√Ë—ß ´÷Ëߢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫º°— ∑’ÀË “‰¥â„π∑Õâ ß∂Ëπ‘ 2) ·°ßŒß— ‡≈ ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ ‡ªπì ¥π‘ ·¥π∑¡Ë’ À’ ≈“¬‡º“à æπ— ∏ÿå ®“°ª√–«µ— »‘ “ µ√å ª√–™“™π·∂∫¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¡’‡™È◊Õ “¬‰∑¬„À≠à «—≤π∏√√¡∫“ßÕ¬à“ß®÷ß¡’§«“¡§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π ∑—Èߥâ“π ª√–‡æ≥’ Õ“À“√°“√°‘π ∫“ßµ”√“°≈à“««à“ ·°ßŒ—߇≈‡ªìπ·°ß∑Ë’™“«æ¡à“√—∫ª√–∑“π°—∫°≈⫬‰¢à µàÕ¡“·°ßŒ—߇≈‰¥â·æ√à‡¢â“¡“∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ·µàÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ∂◊Õ«à“·°ßŒ—߇≈‡ªìπÕ“À“√‡¥àπ ¢Õ߉∑¬ª√–®”¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ µ”√∫— Àπ÷Ëß 3) ·°ß‚Œ–  ¡—¬°àÕπ‡«≈“¡’ß“π∫ÿ≠µà“ßÊ ¡—°¡’°“√‡µ√’¬¡¢Õß∑’Ë∑”Õ“À“√‰«â ®”π«π¡“° °“√π”‡Õ“·°ßµà“ßÊ ∑’ˇÀ≈◊ÕÕ¬àŸ„πÀ¡âÕ (À≈—ß®“°∑Ë’µ—°√—∫ª√–∑“πÕË‘¡·≈â«) √«¡∑—Èß º—°·≈–‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«åµà“ßÊ ∑Ë’‡À≈◊Õ®“°°“√‡µ√’¬¡¡“∑”·°ß‚Œ– ´÷Ëß ‚Œ– ‡ªìπ¿“…“‡Àπ◊Õ À¡“¬∂÷ß ‡Õ“¡“√«¡°—π §π‰∑¬„π·µà≈–¿“§¡’«‘∏’°“√√—∫ª√–∑“πº—°Õ¬à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬ ·≈â«·µà®–¥—¥·ª≈ß °√√¡«‘∏’Õ¬à“߉√ ·°ß‚Œ–°Á‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’ª√ÿß®“°º—°À≈“¬™π‘¥§≈⓬°—∫Õ“À“√À≈“¬Ê Õ¬à“ߢÕß §π‰∑¬¿“§ÕË◊π ·°ß‚Œ–®–‡ªπì ·°ß∑·Ë’ Àßâ Ê §≈“â ¬º¥— ´÷Ëß°Á‡ªπì ‡Õ°≈—°…≥∑å  Ë’ ”§—≠¢Õß·°ß‚Œ– 4) ¢π¡®’ππÈ”‡ß’Ȭ«  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑Ë’ª√ÿ߇ªìππ”È ‡ß’Ȭ«®–µà“ß®“°°“√∑”πÈ”¬“¢Õß ¿“§ÕπË◊ ·∑π∑®Ë’ –„™‡â πÕ◊È ª≈“ °®Á –„™â‡ªπì ‡πÈÕ◊  —µ«åÕπ◊Ë ¡“ª√ßÿ ·∑𠇙àπ ‡π◊ÈÕÀ¡Ÿ ‡πÕ◊È ««— ´’Ë‚§√ßÀ¡Ÿ ·≈–‡≈◊Õ¥À¡Ÿ ·≈–√ ™“µ‘°Á®–‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥凩擖¢Õßπ”È ‡ß’Ȭ« °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

204 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕ◊Ë  ÿ¢¿“æ 5) «—≤π∏√√¡°“√°‘π¢Õߧπ‰∑¬®–°‘πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ ”√—∫ ·µà∫“ß¡È◊ÕÕ“®‡ª≈Ë’¬π ∫√√¬“°“»‡ªìπÕ“À“√®“π‡¥’¬«∫â“ß ∂â“π÷°∂÷ßÕ“À“√®“π‡¥’¬« §π‰∑¬‰¥â √â“ß √√§å‰«â¡“°¡“¬ µ“¡·µà∑âÕß∂Ë‘ππÈ—πÊ ®–π‘¬¡ ‡™àπ °ã«¬‡µ’ά«√“¥Àπâ“ ´÷Ëß°Á√—∫ª√–∑“π°—π∑Ë—«‰ª ¢π¡®’ππ”È ¬“ ¿“§°≈“ß µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“À“√®“π‡¥’¬«¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ πÕ°®“°¢π¡®’ππÈ”‡ß’Ȭ«·≈â« §ß≈◊¡‰¡à‰¥â∑’Ë®– °≈à“«∂÷ߢ⓫´Õ¬ ¢â“«´Õ¬µâπµ”√—∫¿“§‡Àπ◊ÕπÈ—π ‡ âπ∑Ë’„™â®–∑”®“°·ªÑß∑Ë’‰¥â®“°¢â“«π”¡“∑”„Àâ ‡ªπì ·ºπà ∫“ßÊ ·≈«â ´Õ¬„À‡â ªπì ‡ πâ Ê ®ß÷ ‡√¬’ °«“à ¢“â «´Õ¬ µÕà ¡“¡°’ “√¥¥— ·ª≈߇ªπì °“√„™‡â  πâ ∫–À¡Ë’ ·∑π‡ π⠢⓫´Õ¬ 6) πÈ”æ√‘°Àπÿà¡ ‡ªìπµ—«·∑π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ∑Ë’‡¥àπ‰¡à·æâÕ“À“√ÕË◊π ´Ë÷ß∂â“„§√‰ª‡¬◊Õπ ‡¡◊Õ߇Àπ◊Õ‡¡Ë◊Õ„¥ À≈“¬§π°ÁÕ¥‡ ’¬‰¡à‰¥â∑’Ë®–ÀÕ∫πÈ”æ√‘°Àπÿà¡¡“Ω“°æ√√§æ«°‡æË◊ÕπæâÕß πÈ”æ√‘°Àπ¡àÿ ‡ªìπÕ“À“√‡ÀπÕ◊ ∑Ë¡’ ’√ ‡ºÁ¥ ¡—°π¬‘ ¡√∫— ª√–∑“π°∫— ·§ªÁ À¡Ÿ ¿“§°≈“ß6, 15 Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π¿“§°≈“߇ªπì Õ“À“√∑’¡Ë ’≈°— …≥–º ¡º “π°π— À≈“¬√  ¡∑’ —ßÈ √ ‡ºÁ¥ ‡§¡Á ‡ª√È’¬« À«“π ®◊¥ ·≈–¡—°¡‡’ §√Ë◊Õ߇∑» °–∑‘ ‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ¬¥Ÿà «â ¬‡ ¡Õ Õ“À“√∑Ë’™“«µ“à ß™“µ‘  à«π„À≠à√Ÿâ®—°·≈–π‘¬¡√—∫ª√–∑“π¡—°‡ªìπÕ“À“√¿“§°≈“ß ´Ë÷ߺà“π°“√¥—¥·ª≈ß à«πª√–°Õ∫·≈– √ ™“µ‘·≈«â µ—«Õ¬“à ßÕ“À“√∑§’Ë π¿“§°≈“ßπ‘¬¡√∫— ª√–∑“𠇙πà ‡¡Ë’¬ß§” ·°ß‡≈¬’ ß ·°ß ¡â ¥Õ°·§ ¬”∂«Ë— æŸ  –‡¥“πÈ”ª≈“À«“π ª≈“¥ÿ°¬à“ß ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π≈°Ÿ ™‘πÈ ª≈“°√“¬ ÀàÕÀ¡°ª≈“ ‡ªìπµâπ 1) ‡¡’ˬߧ” ‡ªìπÕ“À“√«“à ß∑’πË ¬‘ ¡√∫— ª√–∑“π™à«ßƒ¥ŸΩπ ‡πËÕ◊ ß®“°‡ªπì ™«à ß™–æ≈Ÿ ÕÕ°„∫·≈–¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈–√ ™“µ‘¥’ ·µà®√‘ßÊ·≈â« ‡¡’ˬߧ” “¡“√∂√—∫ª√–∑“π‡ªìπÕ“À“√ «“à ߉¥µâ ≈Õ¥ªï ·≈–∂Õ◊ ‡ªπì Õ“À“√‡æÕ◊Ë  ¢ÿ ¿“殓πÀπßË÷ ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°„π‡¡¬’Ë ß§”¡ ’ «à πª√–°Õ∫∑ Ë’ “¡“√∂ ª√∫—  ¡¥≈ÿ ¢Õß∏“µÿ„π√à“ß°“¬‰¥â ‡™πà ™–æ≈Ÿ ¡–π“« ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿπÈ” æ√°‘ ÀÕ¡·¥ß ∫”√ßÿ ∏“µ≈ÿ ¡ ¢‘ß·≈–‡ª≈◊Õ°¡–π“«∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ‰ø ¡–æ√â“« ∂Ë—«≈‘ ß πÈ”µ“≈ °âÿß·Àâß ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ¥‘π ∑—Èßπ’È„π°“√ √—∫ª√–∑“π‡¡Ë’¬ß§” ºâŸ√—∫ª√–∑“π “¡“√∂ª√ÿßµ“¡ —¥ à«π∑Ë’ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∏“µÿ‡®â“‡√◊Õπ¢Õßµπ‰¥â À√Õ◊ ª√ßÿ  ¥—  à«πµ“¡Õ“°“√∑’ˉ¡à ∫“¬‰¥Õâ ¬“à ߇À¡“– ¡ 2) ·°ß‡≈’¬ß ‡ªìπÕ“À“√¬Õ¥π‘¬¡¢Õß™“«¿“§°≈“ß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬æ◊™º—° À≈“°À≈“¬ «à π¡“°¡°— π”æ™◊ º°— ∑¡’Ë √’  ‡¬πÁ ®¥◊ ¡“‡ªπì  «à πº ¡„π·°ß‡≈¬’ ß ‡™πà ∫«∫ ø°í ∑Õß µ”≈ß÷ ¢â“«‚æ¥ÕàÕπ πÈ”‡µâ“ ·≈–π‘¬¡ª√ÿß√—∫ª√–∑“π¢≥–√âÕπÊ ¡’ √√æ§ÿ≥·°â‰¢âÀ«—¥‰¥â¥’ ‡πË◊Õß®“° „π·°ß‡≈’¬ßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬æ◊™º—°æÈ◊π∫â“π∑Ë’‡ªìπ ¡ÿπ‰æ√À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à æ√‘°¢È’ÀπŸ ÀÕ¡·¥ß °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 205 Õ“À“√æπ◊È ∫â“π‰∑¬ æ√‘°‰∑¬ „∫·¡ß≈°— ·≈–º°— µà“ßÊ ∑¡Ë’ ’√ ‡¬πÁ ¥ß— °≈“à «¢â“ßµπâ πÕ°®“°πÈ’ §π‚∫√“≥‡™Ë◊Õ«à“·°ß‡≈¬’ ß ‡ªπì Õ“À“√∑Ë™’ ૬ª√– –π”È π¡ (∫”√ßÿ π”È π¡)  ”À√—∫ µ√’À≈ß— §≈Õ¥ ∑”„Àπâ È”π¡∫√∫‘ Ÿ√≥å 3) ¬”∂Ë—«æŸ ‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°§◊Õ∂—˫柴÷Ë߇ªìπº—°∑Ë’¡’√ ¡—π∫”√ÿß ‡ âπ‡ÕÁπ ¡’·√à∏“µÿ·≈–«‘µ“¡‘π∑’Ë ”§—≠„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ‰¥â·°à ∏“µÿ·§≈‡´’¬¡ ‡À≈Á° ·≈–«‘µ“¡‘π´’ „π¬”∂Ë—«æŸ πÕ°®“°¡’∂Ë—«æŸ∑’Ë„Àâ§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√·≈– √√æ§ÿ≥∑“߬“·≈â« ¬—ߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¡–æ√â“« ™à«¬∫”√ÿß°”≈ß— ‡ πâ ‡ÕπÁ ∂Ë—«≈‘ ß ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ¥π‘ ÀÕ¡·¥ß æ√°‘ ¢’ÈÀπŸ °√–‡∑’¬¡ ∫”√ßÿ ∏“µÿ ≈¡ ¡–π“« ∫”√ÿß∏“µπÿ ”È ‡ªπì µπâ 4)  –‡¥“ πÈ”ª≈“À«“π ª≈“¥ÿ°¬à“ß  –‡¥“‡ªìπº—°æÈ◊π∫â“π∑’Ë¡’√ ¢¡ §π‰∑¬ ¡—°π”™àÕ¥Õ°¢Õß –‡¥“¡“√—∫ª√–∑“π„π™à«ßƒ¥ŸÀπ“« ·≈–§π‰∑¬¿“§°≈“ßπ‘¬¡√—∫ª√–∑“π°—∫ π”È ª≈“À«“π·≈–ª≈“¥ÿ°¬à“ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°√ À«“π¢ÕßπÈ”ª≈“À«“π®–™à«¬°≈∫√ ¢¡¢Õß –‡¥“‰¥â °“√√—∫ª√–∑“π –‡¥“π‘¬¡π”¡“≈«°π”È √âÕπ°àÕπ  √√æ§ÿ≥¢Õß –‡¥“™à«¬„π°“√¥—∫§«“¡√âÕπ ·≈–‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ „™â∫√√‡∑“Õ“°“√‰¢â∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°Õ“°“»‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥â À√◊Õ∑Ë’§π‚∫√“≥‡√’¬°«à“ ‰¢âÀ«— ≈¡  à«ππ”È ª≈“À«“π·≈–ª≈“¥°ÿ ¬à“ß∫”√ßÿ ∏“µÿ¥π‘ √ ‡º¥Á ®“°æ√‘°∫”√ßÿ ∏“µÿ≈¡ 5) ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π≈Ÿ°™È‘πª≈“°√“¬ ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢ÕßÕ“À“√ ¿“§°≈“ß∑’˪√ÿß·µàߥ⫬°–∑‘∑’ˇ¢â¡¢âπ®√‘ßÊ ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π¡’À≈“¬™π‘¥ ¢È÷π°—∫™π‘¥¢Õ߇πÈ◊Õ —µ«å ∑Ë’„™â ‡™àπ ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π‰°à ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“πÀ¡Ÿ ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π≈Ÿ°™‘Èπª≈“°√“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“π≈Ÿ°™È‘πª≈“°√“¬®–‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡∑Ë’ ÿ¥ ·≈–∂◊Õ‡ªìπµ”√—∫Õ“À“√∑Ë’‡À¡“– ”À√—∫ √—∫ª√–∑“π‡æ◊ËÕ∫”√ÿß∏“µÿ¥‘π  ”À√—∫º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π∑’ˇªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°„π·°ß‡¢’¬«À«“ππ’ȧ◊Õ ¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ‡ª√“– ·≈–æ√°‘ ™Èø’ Ñ“·¥ß ¿“§Õ‘ “π5, 15 §π¿“§Õ‘ “π‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë°‘πÕ“À“√‰¥âßà“¬ ¡—°√—∫ª√–∑“π‰¥â∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ‡πË◊Õß®“°¿“§Õ‘ “π ¡’ ¿“ææÈ◊π∑Ë’ à«π„À≠à·Àâß·≈âß ‡ªìπ∑Ë’√“∫ Ÿß ¡’·¡àπÈ” “¬„À≠à ·≈–¡’‡∑◊Õ°‡¢“ Ÿß„π∫“ß·Ààß ¢“¥§«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å°«à“¿“§Õ◊ËπÊ ‡æË◊Õ°“√¥”√ßÕ¬àŸ¢Õß™’«‘µ„π°“√ª√—∫µ—«„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ ∏√√¡™“µ‘§π¿“§Õ ‘ “π®ß÷ √®âŸ °— · «ßÀ“ ßË‘ µ“à ßÊ∑√Ë’ ∫— ª√–∑“π‰¥â„π∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë π”¡“¥¥— ·ª≈ß√∫— ª√–∑“π À√◊Õª√–°Õ∫‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑ß—È æ◊™º—°®“°ªÉ“∏√√¡™“µ‘ ª≈“®“°≈”π”È ·≈–·¡≈ßµà“ßÊ À≈“¬™π‘¥ Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â πÕ ‘ “π «à π¡“°®–¡√’  ‡º¥Á ‡§¡Á ‡ª√¬’È « §πÕ ‘ “π®–√∫— ª√–∑“π¢“â «‡Àπ¬’ « °—∫Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫â“π∑’¡Ë ’√ ®¥— ·≈–πÈ”πÕâ ¬ «‘∏ª’ √ÿßÕ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“πÕ‘ “π¡’À≈“¬«∏‘ ’ §◊Õ ≈“∫ °âÕ¬ ®”È ®äÿ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

206 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ ¢ÿ ¿“æ À¡° ÕàŸ ‡Õä“– ÕÕà ¡ ·°ß µâ¡ ´ÿª ‡º“ °’Ë ªîßô ¬“à ß √¡ ¥Õß §Ë—« ≈«° πË÷ß µ” ·®à« ªπÉ ‡¡’Ë¬ß ¥ß— ππ—È µ”√—∫ Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π¢Õß¿“§Õ‘ “π ®÷ß¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬·≈–¡’√Ÿª·∫∫∑Ë’πà“√—∫ª√–∑“π¡“° „π∫√√¥“ µ”√—∫Õ“À“√¿“§Õ‘ “ππ—Èπ  Ë‘ß∑’Ë®–¢“¥‰¡à‰¥â§◊Õ π”È ª≈“√â“ ®—¥«à“‡ªìπ‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√ÿß∑Ë’™à«¬‡æË‘¡√ ™“µ‘ „ÀâÕ“À“√πà“√—∫ª√–∑“π¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ πÈ”ª≈“√â“®÷ß¡’∫∑∫“∑µàÕ°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°µ”√—∫¢Õß Õ“À“√Õ ‘ “π°Á«“à ‰¥â ´÷ßË ∑”„À°â ≈“¬‡ªπì  —≠≈°— …≥å·≈–‡ªìπÕ“À“√‡¥πà ∑∑Ë’ ÿ°§πµÕâ ß√⮟ —° ´÷ßË ¡’µ”π“π º°— æπÈ◊ ∫â“π·≈–µ”√—∫Õ“À“√∫“ß™π¥‘ ¥—ßπ’È 1) ´ªÿ ÀπÕà ‰¡â ÀπÕà ‰¡‡â ªìπÕ“À“√∑’πË ¬‘ ¡∑ÿ°¿“§ §π‰∑¬π”ÀπÕà ‰¡â¡“≈«°À√◊Õµ¡â „Àâ ÿ°°àÕπ∑Ë’®–√—∫ª√–∑“π Õ“®‡πË◊Õß¡“®“°ÀπàÕ‰¡â¥‘∫®–ÕÕ°√ ¢Ë◊㛭 ª√–°Õ∫°—∫„πÀπàÕ‰¡â¥‘∫ ¡’‰´¬“‰π¥å„πª√‘¡“≥¡“° À“°√—∫ª√–∑“π¥‘∫Õ“®‡°‘¥æ‘…µàÕ√à“ß°“¬‰¥â §π ¡—¬°àÕπ®÷ß∑”„Àâ  ÿ°°àÕπ ·µà‡¢“‰¡à “¡“√∂Õ∏∫‘ “¬‡Àµÿº≈πÈ’‰¥â  ß‘Ë π’∂È ◊Õ‡ªìπ¿¡Ÿ ‘ª≠í ≠“ÀπßË÷ ¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ ´ÿªÀπÕà ‰¡â ‡ªπì Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑ÀπË÷ß∑Ë√’ ®âŸ °— °π— ¥’·≈–·æ√àÀ≈“¬„π∑°ÿ ¿“§ ‡πË◊Õß®“° ¡’°√√¡«∏‘ ’„π°“√ª√ÿß∑ß’Ë “à ¬ ‰¡à¬ßàÿ ¬“° 2) ÕàÕ¡ª≈“¥ÿ° çÕàÕ¡é ‡ªìπ§”π“¡ µ“¡§«“¡À¡“¬„πæ®π“πÿ°√¡ ©∫—∫ √“™∫≥— ±µ‘ ¬ ∂“π æ.». 2525 À¡“¬∂÷ß ™Ë◊Õ·°ß™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß §≈⓬·°ß§Ë—« ·µà„ à¡–√– ¡—°„™â·°ß °—∫ª≈“¥ÿ° ‡√¬’ °«à“ ·°ßÕÕà ¡ª≈“¥°ÿ ´÷ßË ‡ªπì ≈°— …≥–¢Õß·°ßÕÕà ¡¿“§°≈“ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°·°ßÕàÕ¡¢Õß ¿“§Õ‘ “π¡—°‰¡à„ à¡–√– ´Ë÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–π”È ¢âπ „ àº—°À≈“¬™π‘¥√«¡°—π µâ¡„À⇪òóÕ¬ ∂â“„ à∫«∫∑’Ë¡’ ‡¡≈Á¥¢â“ß„π ’¢“« ‰¡·à °à®—¥ ®–‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡Õ√Õà ¬‡¡◊ÕË ‡§¬’È «‡¡≈¥Á ∫«∫ ‡πÈ◊Õ µ— «å∑°ÿ ™π‘¥ “¡“√∂π”¡“ ∑”·°ßÕÕà ¡‰¥â∑ß—È  È‘π 3) ≈“∫ ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë„™âª≈“À√◊Õ‡πÈ◊Õ¥‘∫ —∫„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥ º ¡¥â«¬ ‡§√Ë◊Õߪ√ßÿ ¡’æ√°‘ ª≈“√“â ‡ªìπµâπ ∂â“„ ‡à ≈Õ◊ ¥««— À√◊Õ‡≈Õ◊ ¥À¡Ÿ‡√¬’ °«“à ≈“∫‡≈◊Õ¥ ™“«Õ‘ “π∑ÿ°§√—« ‡√◊Õπ¡—°π‘¬¡∑”Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑≈“∫„πß“π∫ÿ≠µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ß“π·µàß ß“π∫«™ ß“π»æ ß“π∑”∫ÿ≠ ¢È÷π∫“â π„À¡à ‡ªπì µπâ ≈“∫ª≈“¥ÿ° ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑ÀπË÷ß„π∫√√¥“≈“∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë¢È÷π™◊ËÕ¢ÕßÕ‘ “π ·≈–∑ÿ°¿“§√Ÿâ®°— °—π¥’ ‡πÕË◊ ß®“°ª≈“¥°ÿ ‡ªìπª≈“π”È ®¥◊ ∑’ËÀ“‰¥â„π∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë ¡√’  ¡—π À«“𠇪πì ª≈“∑’Ë ‰¡¡à ‡’ °≈Á¥ ·≈–°â“ßπâÕ¬ ®ß÷ π‘¬¡π”¡“ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑≈“∫ 4) πÈ”æ√‘°ª≈“√â“ ª≈“√â“ ÀπËß÷ „πÕ“À“√À¡°— À≈“¬Ê ™π‘¥∑¡Ë’ —°¡Õß«à“‡ªπì Õ“À“√ ∑¡Ë’ ’°√–∫«π°“√∑”∑’ˉ¡à§àÕ¬ –Õ“¥ ¡°’ ≈‘πË ∑Ë’‰¡πà à“æ‘ ¡¬— À≈“¬§π„π‡¡Õ◊ ß®ß÷ ªØ‡‘  ∏∑Ë®’ –°‘πÕ“À“√ ™π‘¥πÈÕ’ ¬“à ß πÈ‘ ‡™‘ß ‚¥¬À“√⟉¡à«“à ª≈“√â“°¡Á ª’ √–‚¬™π∑å “ß¥“â π‚¿™π“°“√‡À¡Õ◊ π°π— ª≈“√â“∑πË’ ”¡“ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 207 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫â“π‰∑¬ ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√¡°— ¡’∑ß—È ‡πÕÈ◊ ·≈–π”È ´Ë÷ß°“√°π‘  à«π¡“°°Á®–°π‘ ·¬°°—π ª≈“√â“·≈–πÈ”ª≈“√â“®–π” ¡“„ Õà “À“√¢Õß¿“§Õ ‘ “π‰¥·â ∑∫∑ÿ°™π¥‘ ‡™πà πÈ”æ√°‘ ·®à«∫Õß ·°ßÀπÕà ‰¡â ·°ß≈“« ·°ß°∫ À√◊Õ·°ßæ◊Èπ‡¡◊ÕßÕ◊ËπÊ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß„™â„π°“√∑”À¡—°ª≈“ ÕàÕ¡°∫ ·°ßª≈“ ´ÿªÀπàÕ‰¡â ´ÿª‡ÀÁ¥  â¡µ” ‡ªπì µπâ πÈ”æ√°‘ ª≈“√â“ ‡ªπì Àπ÷ßË µ”√—∫Õ“À“√™Õß™“«Õ‘ “π∑æ’Ë ∫Õ¬Ÿà„π ”√—∫Õ“À“√·∑∫∑°ÿ §√«— ‡√Õ◊ π º—°π“π“™π‘¥∂°Ÿ π”¡“µâ¡ À√◊Õ√—∫ª√–∑“π ¥Ê ®¡‘È °—∫πÈ”æ√°‘ ™π‘¥πÈ’ ¿“§„µâ 5, 15 ‡ªπì ¿“§∑’¡Ë æ’ ◊πÈ ∑Ë’ «à π„À≠൑¥™“¬Ωíòß∑–‡≈¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ≈—°…≥–¿¡Ÿ ª‘ √–‡∑»‡ªìπ·À≈¡∑ˬ’ πË◊ ≈߉ª„π∑–‡≈ ºâŸ§π∑’ËÕ“»—¬„π¥‘π·¥π·∂∫π’È®÷ßπ‘¬¡∑”°“√ª√–¡ß ‡æ√“–¡’∑√—欓°√„π∑âÕß∑–‡≈ ¡“°¡“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕÕ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ™“¬∑–‡≈ Õ“™’懰˒¬«¢âÕß°—∫∑–‡≈ Õ“À“√À≈—°„π°“√¥”√ß™’æ®÷߇ªìπ Õ“À“√∑–‡≈ Õ“À“√ à«π„À≠à¢Õß§π¿“§„µâ¡—°‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ª≈“·≈– Ë‘ßÕ◊ËπÊ ®“°∑âÕß∑–‡≈ Õ“À“√ ∑–‡≈À√◊Õª≈“ ‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘®–¡’°≈Ë‘π§“«®—¥ Õ“À“√¿“§„µâ®÷߉¥â‡πâπ‡§√◊ËÕ߇∑» ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢¡È‘π ¥Ÿ®–‡ªìπ ßË‘ ∑·’Ë ∑∫®–¢“¥‰¡à‰¥‡â ≈¬‡æ√“–™«à ¬¥∫— °≈‘Ë𧓫‰¥¥â ’ ©–πÈπ— ®÷ß®–‡ÀπÁ ‰¥«â à“Õ“À“√ªí°…儵⠮–¡’ ’ÕÕ°‡À≈◊Õß·∑∫∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ·°ß‰µª≈“ ·°ß â¡·°ßæ√‘° ª≈“∑Õ¥ ‰°à∑Õ¥ ·≈– ¡Õß„πÕ’°¥â“πÀπË÷ß §ß‡ªìπ«—≤π∏√√¡°“√°‘π∑’˺ ¡º “π°≈¡°≈◊π°—π√–À«à“ß™“«‰∑¬æÿ∑∏·≈– ™“«‰∑¬¡ÿ ≈‘¡„π¿“§„µâπËπ— ‡Õß Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π¿“§„µâ®–¡’√ ‡ºÁ¥ √ ‡§Á¡ √ ‡ª√’Ȭ« ™“«„µâ∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπºâŸ‚™§¥’∑Ë’¡’º—° æÈ◊π∫â“π∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬‡¡Ë◊Õ‡∑’¬∫°—∫¿“§ÕË◊π ·≈–§π„µâ°Áπ‘¬¡√—∫ª√–∑“πº—°¡“° Õ“À“√¢Õß™“«„µâ ®–¡’√ √âÕπ √ ‡ºÁ¥ °≈Ë‘π©ÿπ¢Õ߇§√Ë◊Õ߇∑»´÷Ëß· ¥ß∂÷ß«—≤π∏√√¡°“√°‘π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡  Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¿“«–¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»·≈–¿“«– ÿ¢¿“æÕ¬à“ß¡“° ‡æ√“–¿“§„µâ¡’¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»√âÕπ™◊Èπ ∑”„Àâ ßà“¬∑’®Ë –‡ªìπÀ«¥— À√◊Õ‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°§«“¡‡¬Áπ™Èπ◊ ¢ÕßÕ“°“» ·µÕà “À“√∑√Ë’ —∫ª√–∑“π à«π¡“° ®–¡’√ ‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ ™à«¬„Àâ√à“ß°“¬Õ∫Õÿàπ ™à«¬ªÑÕß°—𧫓¡‡®Á∫ªÉ«¬‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ™“«„µâ®–√—∫ ª√–∑“π¢â“«‡®â“°—∫·°ß‡À≈◊Õß ·°ß â¡ ¬” ·≈–∑Ë’ ”§—≠§◊ÕπÈ”æ√‘° πÈ”æ√‘°®–‡§’¬ß¢â“ßÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ º—°‡Àπ“– ´Ë÷߇ªìπº—°¥‘∫ º—°≈«° À√◊Õº—°µâ¡ ·≈–º—°¥Õß∑’ˉ¥â®“°º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß„π ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ πÕ°®“°πÈ’ πÈ”∫Ÿ¥Ÿ °–ªî °Á‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠¢ÕßÕ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π¿“§„µâ‡™àπ°—π ´÷Ëß¡’ µ”π“πº—°æ◊πÈ ∫“â π·≈–µ”√∫— Õ“À“√∫“ß™π¥‘ ¥ß— πÈ’ 1)  –µÕ ‡ªìπ‰¡âæ◊Èπ‡¡◊ÕߢÕߪɓ∏√√¡™“µ‘¿“§„µâ ·≈–‡ªìπ‰¡â∑Ë’¡’∫∑∫“∑¥â“π «≤— π∏√√¡°“√°π‘  ¡— æπ— ∏°å ∫— ™«’ µ‘ ·≈–‡»√…∞°®‘ ¢Õß™“«„µÕâ ¬“à ß„°≈™â ¥‘  –µÕ‡ªπì º°— ∑‡Ë’ ªπì ‡Õ°≈°— …≥å ¢Õß™“«„µâ §”«à“  –µÕ ®÷߇ªìπ§”∑’ˇªìπ —≠≈—°…≥å¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπ™“«„µâ ‡™àπ °“√‡√’¬°©“¬“«à“ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

208 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕ◊Ë  ¢ÿ ¿“æ °≈¡àÿ  –µÕ ‡ªπì °“√„À§â «“¡À¡“¬‚¥¬π¬— «“à À¡“¬∂ß÷ °≈¡ÿà ™“«„µÀâ √Õ◊ ™“«„µâ ™“«„µ√â ∫— ª√–∑“π‡¡≈¥Á  –µÕ‡ªìπÕ“À“√ ·≈–¡—°‡°Á∫µ“¡ªÉ“µ“¡‡¢“ „πµ≈“¥ ¥·∑∫∑ÿ°®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õß¿“§„µâ®–¡’ –µÕ ®”Àπà“¬‡°◊Õ∫µ≈Õ¥ªï  –µÕ‡ªπì Õ“À“√∑Ë™’ “«„µπâ ‘¬¡√∫— ª√–∑“π ∂Õ◊ ‡ªπì Õ“À“√∑Ë’„À√â  ™“µ‘ ∑”„Àâ ‡®√‘≠Õ“À“√ ·≈–π‘¬¡„À⇪ìπ¢ÕßΩ“° ”À√—∫≠“µ‘¡‘µ√ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡Àà«ß„¬·≈–‡Õ“„®„ à ªí®®ÿ∫—π™“«∫â“π„π¿Ÿ¡¿‘ “§ÕËπ◊ °πÁ ¬‘ ¡√∫— ª√–∑“π –µÕ‡™πà °π— 2) ‡À√’¬ß ‡ªìπº—°æÈ◊π∫â“π¿“§„µâ ™“«„µâπ‘¬¡π”‡¡≈Á¥‡À√’¬ß¡“‡ªìπÕ“À“√‚¥¬ π”¡“‡æ“–„À·â µ°√“° πÈ— Ê §≈“â ¬∂«Ë— ßÕ° ·µÀà «— ‚µ°«“à ∂«—Ë ßÕ° ¡ ’ ‡’ ¢¬’ « ‡√¬’ °«“à ≈°Ÿ ‡À√¬’ ß À√Õ◊ ÀπàÕ‡À√’¬ß ¡’√ ¡—π °≈‘Ëπ©ÿπ 𔉪ª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√‰¥âÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ∑ȗ߇ªìπº—° ¥√—∫ª√–∑“π°—∫ π”È æ√°‘ π”¡“¥ÕßÀ√Õ◊ ·°ß 3) ¢“â «¬” ‡ªπì Õ“À“√∑‡Ë’ ™ÕË◊ «“à À≈“¬§π§ß‡§¬≈¡‘È ≈Õß°π— ¡“∫“â ß·≈«â ‡æ√“–¢“â «¬” ‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’¢πÈ÷ ™ÕË◊ ¢Õß™“«„µâ®π¥Ÿ‡À¡Õ◊ π®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ —≠≈°— …≥åÕ’°‡¡πÀŸ πËß÷ ¢â“«¬”¢Õß™“«„µâ®– Õ√àÕ¬À√◊Õ‰¡à ¢È÷πÕ¬àŸ°—∫π”È ∫Ÿ¥Ÿ‡ªì𠔧—≠ πÈ”∫Ÿ¥Ÿ¡’√ ‡§Á¡ ¡’°≈‘Ë𧓫‡æ√“–∑”¡“®“°ª≈“ °≈‘Ëπ §≈⓬ª≈“√â“¢Õß¿“§Õ‘ “π·µà°≈Ë‘π®–ÕàÕπ°«à“ ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°π”È ∫Ÿ¥Ÿ¡’√ ‡§Á¡ ™“«„µâ®÷ßπ”¡“ ª√ÿß√ Õ“À“√·∑ππ”È ª≈“ ·À≈àß∑Ë’¡’°“√∑”π”È ∫Ÿ¥Ÿ¡“°§◊Õ®—ßÀ«—¥¬–≈“·≈–ªíµµ“π’ ‡«≈“π”¡“„ à ¢“â «¬”µÕâ ߪ√ßÿ √ πÈ”∫¥Ÿ „Ÿ ÀâÕÕ°√ À«“π‡≈°Á πâÕ¬·≈â«·µ§à «“¡™Õ∫ 4) ·°ß‰µª≈“πÈ”¢πâ ‰µª≈“À√Õ◊ æßÿ ª≈“‰¥®â “°°“√π”æßÿ ª≈“∑¡Ÿ “√¥’ ‡Õ“‰ â„πÕÕ° ≈â“ßæÿߪ≈“„Àâ –Õ“¥ ·≈â«„ à‡°≈◊ÕÀ¡—°‰«âª√–¡“≥ 1 ‡¥◊Õπ¢È÷π‰ª À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ®÷ßπ”¡“ª√ÿß Õ“À“√‰¥â ·°ß‰µª≈“¡√’  ®—¥ ®÷ßµÕâ ß√—∫ª√–∑“π√«à ¡°∫— º°— À≈“¬Ê ™π¥‘ §«∫§àŸ°—π‰ª¥â«¬ ‡æ◊ÕË ™«à ¬ ≈¥§«“¡‡ºÁ¥√âÕπ≈ß ´÷Ëߧπ„µâ‡√’¬°«à“ º—°‡Àπ“– º—°‡Àπ“–¢Õß¿“§„µâ¡’À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß ‡™àπ  –µÕ ≈Ÿ°‡π¬’ ß ¬Õ¥¡–¡à«ßÀ‘¡æ“πµå º°— ∫“ßÕ¬“à ß°Á‡ªπì º°— ™π¥‘ ‡¥¬’ «°∫— ¿“§°≈“ß ‡™πà ∂Ë—«æŸ ∂Ë«— Ω°í ¬“« ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ‡ª√“– ·µß°«“ ÀπàÕ‰¡â ‡ªπì µâπ Õ‘∑∏æ‘ ≈¢ÕßÕ“À“√™π™“µ‘Õ◊πË „πÕ¥µ’ 10 «—≤π∏√√¡∑“ߥâ“πÕ“À“√¡’§«“¡‡§≈Ë◊Õπ‰À«‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ‰¡àÀ¬ÿ¥π‘Ëß ¡’°“√·≈°·≈– √∫— ‡Õ“®“°«≤— π∏√√¡ÕπË◊ π”¡“ª√∫— ‡ª≈¬Ë’ π„À â Õ¥§≈Õâ ß°∫— «≤— π∏√√¡‡¥¡‘ µ≈Õ¥®π√ π¬‘ ¡ «à 𵫗 - °“√‡º¬·æ√»à “ π“ ‡™àπ À¡Õ Õπ»“ π“™“«‚ª√µÿ‡°  ¡—¬°√ßÿ »√’Õ¬∏ÿ ¬“ µÕà ¡“ ‡ªπì ™“«Õß— °ƒ… ·≈–Õ‡¡√°‘ π— °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑’Ë 4 209 Õ“À“√æ◊πÈ ∫“â π‰∑¬ - °“√§â“ (∑“߇√◊Õ) ‡√Ë‘¡®“°∑“ß∑–‡≈®’π (®’𠇫’¬¥π“¡) µàÕ¡“°Á¡’ª√–‡∑»∑“ß Ωòíßµ–«—πµ° (Õπ‘ ‡¥’¬ °√’° ‚√¡—π) ‡¢â“¡“ - »÷° ß§√“¡ ‡™πà ‰∑¬≈â“ππ“°—∫æ¡“à - °“√Õæ¬æ¬“â ¬∂‘πË ‡™πà ™“«®π’ - °“√‰ª»°÷ …“µ“à ߪ√–‡∑» (‚¥¬‡©æ“–ª√–‡∑»„π∑«ª’ ¬‚ÿ √ª) ¢Õ߇®“â π“¬„π ¡¬— °Õà 𠇙πà √“« ¡¬— √—™°“≈∑Ë’ 6 «≤— π∏√√¡°“√°π‘ °—∫¢π∫∏√√¡‡π¬’ ¡ª√–‡æ≥’  ¡—¬‚∫√“≥§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«‰∑¬π—∫«à“‡ªìπ§√Õ∫§√—«¢¬“¬∑Ë’ ¡“™‘° À≈“¬√ÿàπÕ¬àŸ√à«¡°—π ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑“߇§√◊Õ≠“µ‘‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕߺŸ°¡—¥°—πÕ¬Ÿà ß“π∑”Õ“À“√‡ªìπß“π ∑Ë’µâÕß·∫àß°—π∑” ™à«¬°—π∑”‡ªìπ∑’¡°Á«à“‰¥â Õ“À“√·µà≈–Õ¬à“ßµâÕß°“√∑—Èߧπ¡’Ωï¡◊Õ·≈–‰¡à¡’Ωï¡◊Õ ∑—È߇¥Á°·≈–ºâŸ„À≠à À≠‘ß·≈–™“¬∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π ¡’∑È—ßß“πÀπ—°·≈–ß“π‡∫“ „Àâ·µà≈–§π‰¥â„™â §«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õßµπµ“¡∂π—¥ §π‰∑¬·µà‡¥‘¡¡“ ∫“ߧ√Õ∫§√—«®–·∫àßß“π„Àâ≈Ÿ°À≈“π√Ÿâ®—°™à«¬ §√Õ∫§√—«∑”ß“πµÈ—ß·µà‡≈Á°Ê ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ‡¥Á°À≠‘ßÀ√◊Õ‡¥Á°™“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ß“π§√—« ‡¥Á°‡≈Á°°Á®– ™à«¬ß“π‡≈Á°‰ªµ“¡µ—« ‡™à𠇥Á¥¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß ‡¥Á¥„∫‚À√–æ“ ‡ªìπµâπ √àÿπ‚µ¢È÷π¡“ÀπàÕ¬ “¡“√∂ „™¡â ¥’ ‰¥·â ≈«â °™Á «à ¬ªÕ°‡ª≈Õ◊ ° ªÕ°ÀÕ¡ °√–‡∑¬’ ¡ ‡¥¥Á º°— §πÈ— °–∑‘ ‚¢≈°πÈ”æ√°‘ ‡ªπì µπâ ·µ à «à π„À≠à ß“π„π§√«— ∂Õ◊ «“à ‡ªìπß“πºŸâÀ≠‘ß §π ¡—¬°àÕπ‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√∑”ß“π§√—«‡ªìπß“π∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ßæ‘∂’æ‘∂—π¡“° ·≈–¬—ß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ §«“¡„°≈™â ¥‘ ‰¥æâ ¥Ÿ ‰¥§â ¬ÿ °π— À«— ‡√“–°π— º≈æ≈Õ¬‰¥Õâ π— π’È πÕ°®“°‰¥Ωâ °ñ À¥— ‡¥°Á ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¥°Á ºÀ⟠≠ß‘ ‰¥â‡¢“â „®™«à ¬ß“π∑”Õ“À“√ √Ÿâ®—°∑”Õ“À“√‡ªìπ·≈â« ¬—߇ªπì ‚Õ°“ Õ—π¥’„π°“√Ω°ñ Õ∫√¡∫¡à π ‘ ¬— Ω°ñ §«“¡‡ªìπ√–‡∫’¬∫„π°“√∑”ß“π °“√ª√–À¬—¥‡«≈“·≈–·√ßß“π·≈–∑√—欓°√Õ’°¥â«¬ °≈à“«Õ’° Õ¬“à ßÀπß÷Ë §Õ◊ ‡ªπì °√–∫«π°“√¢—¥‡°≈“∑“ß —ߧ¡ §π‰∑¬·µà‡¥‘¡¡“ ¡’‡∑§π‘§·≈–‡°√Á¥§«“¡√Ÿâ„π°“√∑”Õ“À“√„Àâ∂Ÿ°«‘∏’ ·≈–∑”Õ¬à“߉√ „ÀÕâ “À“√πÈπ— Õ√àÕ¬ ‡√‘¡Ë µÈß— ·µ°à “√‡≈Õ◊ °‡§√ËÕ◊ ߪ√ÿß °“√‡µ√¬’ ¡‡§√ÕË◊ ߪ√ÿßµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ °Õà πªÕ°‡ª≈Õ◊ ° ÀÕ¡ §«√®–π”À—«ÀÕ¡‰ª®ÿà¡πÈ”‡¬Áπ°àÕπ‡æË◊Õ§«“¡‡¬Áπ®–‰ª™à«¬≈¥°≈Ë‘π©ÿπ¢ÕßÀÕ¡≈ß À√◊ÕªÕ° °√–‡∑’¬¡‰¡à§«√·°–‡ª≈◊Õ°ÕÕ°∑È—ßÀ¡¥ §«√‡°Á∫‡¬Ë◊ÕÀÿ⡉«â∫â“ß ‡«≈“∑”Õ“À“√®–∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√πÈ—π ¡’°≈‘ËπÀÕ¡ ·µà‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ©ÿπ¢Õß°√–‡∑¬’ ¡ Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π®÷߉¡à„™à·§à‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë°‘π‡æ◊ËÕÕË‘¡·≈–ª√–∑—ß™’«‘µ‡∑à“πÈ—π ·µà‡ªì𬓠√°— …“‚√§·≈– √“â ߇ √¡‘  ¢ÿ ¿“æ µ≈Õ¥®π¡∫’ ∑∫“∑Àπ“â ∑∑Ë’ “ß ß— §¡ «≤— π∏√√¡ ·≈–‡»√…∞°®‘ ¥«â ¬ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

210 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ÕË  ÿ¢¿“æ ®ß÷ ‡ªπì ∑ßÈ— »“ µ√·å ≈–»≈‘ ª∑á Õ’Ë ¥ÿ ¡‰ª¥«â ¬§«“¡‡™Õ◊Ë §«“¡√⟠∑°— …–·≈–‡∑§π§‘ «∏‘ °’ “√„π°“√ª√ßÿ ·µßà ®—¥°“√·≈–ª√–¬°ÿ µå„™â‡æÕË◊  πÕߧ«“¡µÕâ ß°“√∑—Èß∑“ß°“¬ ∑“ß„® ∑“ß —ߧ¡ ·≈–∑“ß®‘µ«≠‘ ≠“≥ ≈—°…≥–§√—«‰∑¬·≈–°“√ª√ÿßÕ“À“√‰∑¬ ‰¡à«à“¬ÿ§ ¡—¬®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‰ªÕ¬à“߉√ ≈—°…≥–  ”§—≠¢Õߧ√—«‰∑¬ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ µâÕ߇ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“»∂à“¬‡∑‰¥â –¥«° Õ“®‡ªìπ à«πÀπË÷ß ¢Õßµ—«∫â“π·≈–„™âÀ≈—ߧ“√à«¡°—π À√◊Õ‡ªìπ à«πÀπË÷ߢÕßµ—«∫â“π ·µà·¬°À≈—ߧ“‡æË◊Õ≈¥°≈‘Ëπ·≈– §«—π‰ø‰¡à„Àâ√∫°«πµ—«∫â“π À√◊ÕÕ“®‡ªìπ à«π∑Ë’·¬°ÕÕ°®“°µ—«∫â“πÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬¡’∑“߇¥‘𠇙◊ËÕ¡∂÷ß°—π °“√ª√ÿßÕ“À“√‰∑¬ ¡’¥â«¬°π— À≈“°À≈“¬«∏‘ ’ ‡æ◊ÕË ‰¡à„Àºâ √Ÿâ ∫— ª√–∑“π‡∫◊ËÕ ·¬°ÕÕ°µ“¡ °√√¡«∏‘ °’ “√∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√ °ÿ ‰¥·â °à °“√‡º“ ‡ªπì °“√„™‡â µ“∂“à π‰ø·√ß ‚¥¬«“ߢÕß∑®Ë’ –‡º“∫π‰ø‡æÕË◊ „À â °ÿ ¢“â ßπÕ° À√Õ◊ ‡æ◊ÕË „À¡â °’ ≈Ë‘πÀÕ¡·≈–¡√’  Õ√àÕ¬¢Èπ÷ ‡™àπ ‡º“æ√‘° ÀÕ¡ °√–‡∑¬’ ¡ °ÿßâ ‡ªìπµπâ °“√ªßîô „™‡â µ“∂“à π‰øÕÕà π „π°√≥’πȵ’ Õâ ß„™âµ–·°√ß«“ß∫π‡µ“‰ø ¢Õß∑’˪îôß®–‡ªπì ¢Õß∑Ë ’ °ÿ ßà“¬Õ¬àŸ·≈â« ‡™πà °≈⫬ªîßô ¢â“«‡À𒬫ªîôß °“√¬“à ß §≈⓬°“√ªßîô µâÕß„™‡â µ“∂à“π·≈–«“ßÕ“À“√∑Ë®’ –¬à“ß∫πµ–·°√ß ¡°— „™â°∫— ‡πÕ◊È  µ— «å  ”À√—∫°“√ª√ÿßÕ“À“√„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ‡√Ë¡‘ ¡’°“√„™‡â §√Õ◊Ë ß¡◊Õµà“ßÊ ¡“°¢Èπ÷ ‰¥â·°à °“√µ¡â ‡ªπì «∏‘ °’ “√ß“à ¬Ê ‚¥¬„™Àâ ¡Õâ °∫— π”È ·≈–‡µ“ª√–‡¿∑„¥°Á‰¥â À¡Õâ ∑§’Ë π‰∑¬„™â ¡’À≈“¬ª√–‡¿∑ ·∫àßµ“¡«— ¥ÿ∑Ë’„™âº≈‘µ‰¥â·°à À¡âÕ¥‘π À¡âÕÕ≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ À¡âÕ‡À≈Á° À¡âÕ‡§≈◊Õ∫ À¡âÕ ·µπ‡≈  ‡≈◊Õ°„™âµ“¡ª√–‡¿∑¢ÕßÕ“À“√∑’Ë®–ª√ÿß ‡™àπ Õ“À“√∑Ë’¡’√ ‡ª√È’¬«Õ¬à“ß·°ß â¡ §«√„™Àâ ¡Õâ ‡§≈◊Õ∫ °“√≈«° §≈⓬°“√µâ¡ ·µà‡ªìπ°“√ª√ÿß∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√§√Ë÷ߥ‘∫§√÷Ëß ÿ° π‘¬¡„™â°—∫ Õ“À“√‡πÕÈ◊  µ— «å∑µ’Ë âÕß°“√π”¡“¬” ‡™πà °ßâÿ ª≈“À¡÷° À√Õ◊ Õ“À“√º°— ∑Ë’µâÕß°“√π”¡“°π‘ °∫— π”È æ√°‘ ‡ªìπ°“√≈«°‡æË◊Õ„Àºâ °— π¡àÿ À√Õ◊ ≈¥§«“¡¢¡ °“√πË÷ß ‡ªìπ°“√∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√ °ÿ ‚¥¬„™â‰ÕπÈ” Õÿª°√≥å∑Ë’„™§â ◊Õ √—ß∂÷ß À√Õ◊ ´ßÈ÷ „π°“√ πË÷ßÕ“À“√‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«åµâÕß¡’¿“™π–√Õß√—∫ πÈ”®“°‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å®–‰¥â‰¡à Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‰ª °“√π÷Ëß„™â‡«≈“π“π°«à“ °“√µâ¡ ·µàÕ“À“√∑Ë’ª√ÿß‚¥¬«‘∏’πË÷ß®– Ÿ≠‡ ’¬§ÿ≥§à“∑“ßÕ“À“√πâÕ¬°«à“°“√µâ¡  à«π°“√π÷Ëß ¢“â «‡À𒬫 Õ“®µÕâ ß„™Õâ ªÿ °√≥å∑Ë®’ ”‡æ“– ‡√¬’ °«“à À«¥ °“√µãÿ𠇪ìπ°√√¡«‘∏’∑Ë’√—∫¡“®“°®’π §≈⓬°“√πË÷ß µà“ß°—π∑Ë’°“√µÿãπ®–„™âÀ¡âÕ  Õß™π—È «“ß´âÕπ°π— À¡âÕ„∫πÕ°„ àπ”È  «à π„∫„π„ à¢Õß∑Ë’®–µãÿπ °“√µÿπã „™‡â «≈“π“π°«à“°“√πß÷Ë „™â ‡æË◊ÕµâÕß°“√„ÀâÕ“À“√‡ªòóÕ¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡πÕ◊È  µ— «åÀ√◊Õº—° ¬°‡«πâ ‰¢àµãπÿ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑’Ë 4 211 Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫“â π‰∑¬ °“√·°ß ‡ªπì «∏‘ °’ “√ª√ßÿ Õ“À“√‚¥¬º ¡‡§√ÕË◊ ß·°ß™π¥‘ „¥™π¥‘ ÀπßË÷ µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑¢Õß ·°ß„ ≈à ߉ª„ππ”È ¡‡’ πÕ◊È  µ— «·å ≈–º°— ‡ªπì Õߧªå √–°Õ∫∑ Ë’ ”§≠— Õ“®„ °à –∑À‘ √Õ◊ ‰¡à„ °à Á‰¥â ·°ß≈°— …≥–πÈ’ ‡√’¬°«à“ ·°ß‡º¥Á  à«π·°ß®◊¥ ª°µ®‘ –„ πà È”¡“°°«“à ·°ß‡º¥Á ‰¡à„ à‡§√◊ËÕß·°ß °“√∑Õ¥ ‡ªπì °“√∑”Õ“À“√„À â °ÿ ¥«â ¬πÈ”¡π— Õªÿ °√≥∑å ’Ë„™§â Õ◊ °√–∑– π”¡π— ∑’Ë„™Õâ “® ‡ªπì πÈ”¡—πæ™◊ À√◊Õπ”È ¡π— À¡Ÿ ¡∑’ —ßÈ °“√∑Õ¥‚¥¬µ√ß ·≈–™∫ÿ ·ªÑßÀ√Õ◊ ‰¢à°àÕπ∑Õ¥ °“√º—¥ ªìπ°“√∑”„Àâ ÿ°‚¥¬„™â°√–∑– „ àπ”È ¡—π≈߉ª‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ®“°π—Èπ„ à‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å µ“¡¥â«¬º°— ·≈–‡§√ËÕ◊ ߪ√ÿß√ µà“ßÊ „™â‰ø·√ß º—¥‡√Á«Ê ∑”„Àâ‰¡à‡ ¬’ §≥ÿ §à“∑“ßÕ“À“√¡“°π°— °√≥’ º¥— ‡º¥Á ®–º¥— ‡§√Õ◊Ë ß·°ß„ÀÀâ Õ¡°Õà π ®“°ππÈ— „ ‡à πÕÈ◊  µ— «å º¥— „À â °ÿ µ“¡¥«â ¬º°— Õ“À“√®“πº¥— ®–·Àßâ À√◊Õ¡π’ È”‡≈°Á πâÕ¬ °“√®’Ë §≈⓬∑Õ¥ ·µà„™âπÈ”¡—ππÕâ ¬ „™â°√–∑–·∫π ‰øÕÕà π À√Õ◊ 𔉪‡º“¥«â ¬°“√ «“ߢÕß∑®’Ë –®≈Ë’ ß∫π∂à“π‰ø‚¥¬µ√ß °“√‡®’¬« §≈⓬∑Õ¥ ¢Õß∑’‡Ë ®¬’ «µÕâ ß´Õ¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥ (¬°‡«âπ‰¢‡à ®’¬«) „™â‰øÕàÕ𠇙à𠇮’¬«ÀÕ¡ ‡®¬’ «°√–‡∑¬’ ¡ °“√°«π „™â«‘∏’º ¡Õ“À“√°—∫πÈ”µ—È߉ø §π‰ª„π∑‘»∑“߇¥’¬«°—π®ππȔ߫¥·Àâß  «à π¡“°„™°â ∫— ¢ÕßÀ«“π ‚¥¬‡√¡‘Ë ·√°µÕâ ß„™â‰ø·√ß æÕπ”È ß«¥§Õà ¬≈¥‰ø≈ß„ÀÕâ Õà π Õªÿ °√≥∑å ’Ë„™°â «π §«√„™æâ “¬∑”¥â«¬‰¡â ®–‰¥â‰¡¢à Ÿ¥¿“™π–„À‡â ªìπ√Õ¬ ÷° πÕ°®“°∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“·≈â« ¬—ß¡’Õ“À“√Õ’° 2 ª√–‡¿∑´Ë÷߇ªìπ∑Ë’π‘¬¡¢Õߧπ‰∑¬·∑∫ ∑ÿ°¿“§ ª√–‡¿∑·√°§◊Õ Õ“À“√ ¬” æ≈à“ ≈“∫ ‰¥â®“°°“√π”‡πÈ◊Õ —µ«å·≈–æ◊™º—°∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ÿ°·≈â« ¥â«¬°“√ªôîß ¬à“ß À√◊Õ≈«° ¡“§≈ÿ°√«¡°—πº ¡‡§√◊ËÕߪ√ÿß√  Õ“À“√®“ππ’ȇªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’√ ®—¥ ∑ȗ߇ºÁ¥ ‡§Á¡ ‡ª√È’¬«  à«πÕ’°ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ ª√–‡¿∑‚¢≈° À√◊Õ µ” ‰¥â·°à πÈ”æ√‘°™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ´÷Ë߇ªπì Õ“À“√®“πÀ≈°— ¢Õß ”√∫— ‰∑¬ ·≈–°Á ¡â µ”π“π“™π‘¥ Õ“À“√µ“¡·π«∑ƒ…Æ’°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–∑ƒ…Æ’ÕπË◊ ∑’‡Ë °Ë¬’ «¢Õâ ß Õ“À“√∑Ë’ª√–™“™π„π·µà≈–∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ∫√‘‚¿§πÈ—ππÕ°®“°· ¥ß∂÷ß≈—°…≥–Õ“À“√  ’ —π √ ™“µ‘ §«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢ÕßÕ“À“√·≈â« ¬—ß –∑âÕπ∂÷ß¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“ °“√‡™Ë◊Õ¡‚¬ßº ¡º “π √–À«“à ß«∂‘ ’°“√¥”‡ππ‘ ™’«µ‘ °∫— °“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ ÿ¢¿“æ∑∫Ë’ √√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‰¥â Ë—ß ¡ª√– ∫°“√≥®å “°™’«µ‘ ®√‘ß ·≈– ◊∫∑Õ¥¡“À≈“¬™—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ®π°≈“¬‡ªìπ«—≤π∏√√¡  —ߧ¡‰∑¬®÷ß¡’¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“„π°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ ªÕÑ ß°—π·≈– ßà ‡ √¡‘  ÿ¢¿“æ„π§√Õ∫§√«— ·≈–™¡ÿ ™π‚¥¬Õ“»—¬ √√æ§≥ÿ ∑“߬“¢ÕßÕ“À“√‡À≈“à ππ—È °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

212 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æËÕ◊  ÿ¢¿“æ °“√ºπ«°·π«§‘¥¥â“π°“√¥Ÿ·≈ ÿ¢¿“浓¡·π«∑ƒ…Æ’°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬°—∫À≈—°∏√√¡ ∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“‡æË◊Õ„™â„π°“√¥·Ÿ ≈ ¢ÿ ¿“æ·∫∫Õߧå√«¡ ‡√’¬°«à“ ç∏√√¡“π“¡¬— é ´Ëß÷ ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ À≈°— 3 ª√–°“√ §◊Õ 1. °“¬“π“¡¬— (§◊Õ°“√ªÕÑ ß°—π°àÕπ∑®’Ë –ªÉ«¬ ‰¥â·°à °“√√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√ °“√ÕÕ°°”≈—ß°“¬) 2. ®µ‘ µ“π“¡—¬ (§◊Õ°“√Ω°ñ ®µ‘ ∑” ¡“∏‘ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠≠“) ·≈– 3. ™«’ ‘µ“π“¡¬— (§◊Õ°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ∑’Ë™Õ∫ ¡’Õ“™’æ ÿ®√‘µ)  ”À√—∫°“√√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√µ“¡·π«∏√√¡“π“¡—¬ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ Õ“À“√ª√∫— ∏“µÿ º°— æπÈ◊ ∫“â π Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ‡¡◊Õß ·≈–‡§√Ë◊Õߥ¡◊Ë  ¡ÿπ‰æ√ º°— æπÈ◊ ∫“â π Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å∑Ë’· ¥ßÕÕ°∂÷ß«—≤π∏√√¡¢Õß·µà≈–∑âÕß∂Ë‘π ·≈–‡ªìπ ‡Õ°≈°— …≥∑å À’Ë ≈“¬Ê ™“µæ‘ ß÷ æÕ„® ∑—Èß√ ™“µ‘   ’ π— §≥ÿ §à“∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√ µ”√∫— Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫“â π‡ªπì °“√º ¡º “π∑’Ë≈ßµ—«√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßÕ“À“√ ª√‘¡“≥ ·≈–™π‘¥¢Õߺ—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π ‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å·≈– ‡§√ÕË◊ ߪ√ßÿ §«“¡æß÷ æÕ„®„π√ ™“µÕ‘ “À“√ À√Õ◊ §«“¡Õ√Õà ¬¢ÕßÕ“À“√æπ◊È ∫“â π‡À≈“à πÈ’‰¡¡à °’ Ƈ°≥±å µ“¬µ—« ‡ªìπ«—≤π∏√√¡∑’˧âÿπ‡§¬¡“·µà‡¥Á° ´÷Ëß·µà≈–∫ÿ§§≈„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ°Á®–‰¥â√—∫°“√‡√’¬π√⟵ȗ߷µà «—¬‡¬“««å “à Õ–‰√§«√√∫— ª√–∑“π°∫— Õ–‰√  ”À√—∫Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫â“π¢Õ߉∑¬ ∂◊Õ‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’Õÿ¥¡‰ª¥â«¬§ÿ≥§à“∑È—ß∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡ ‚¿™π“°“√ ·≈– “√ ”§—≠∑’Ë¡’∫∑∫“∑ªÑÕß°—π √—°…“‚√§µà“ßÊ ‰¥âÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ·≈–Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ ∑Ë’∑”„ÀâÕ“À“√æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑Ë’∑√ߧÿ≥§à“„π°“√ à߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ°Á§◊Õ º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π∑Ë’‡µ‘∫‚µ ¡“æ√Õâ ¡°—∫«≤— π∏√√¡ ª√–‡æ≥’¢Õß·µà≈–∑Õâ ß∂‘πË º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π À¡“¬∂÷ß æ◊™™π‘¥„¥°Á‰¥â∑’Ë™“«∫â“π„π∑âÕß∂Ë‘π “¡“√∂À“‡°Á∫‰¥â®“° ·À≈ßà ∏√√¡™“µ„‘ π·µà≈–ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ ·µ≈à –¿¡Ÿ ¿‘ “§∑·Ë’ µ°µ“à ß°—π ∑—Èߪ“É ‡¢“ √¡‘ ≈”∏“√ ≈”À⫬‡≈Á°Ê À√◊Õ µ“¡À—«‰√àª≈“¬π“ ‡æ◊ËÕ„™âª√–°Õ∫Õ“À“√„π·µà≈–«—𠵓¡«‘∂’™’«‘µ§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬àŸ·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ °“√∫√‘‚¿§¢Õß°≈àÿ¡™ππÈ—πÊ Õ’°∑ȗ߬—ß„Àâ§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√·≈–‡ªìπ ¡ÿπ‰æ√„π§√—«‡√◊Õπ∑Ë’ ‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πåµÕà  ¢ÿ ¿“æ Õ¬“à ߉√°Áµ“¡ ¡º’ °— À≈“¬™π‘¥∑πË’ ”¡“®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ·≈–æ∫ª≈Ÿ°„π‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬¡“π“π ®π “¡“√∂ª√—∫µ—«„À⇢“â °∫—  ¿“æÕ“°“»‰¥¥â ’ ®π‡¢“â „®«“à ‡ªπì º°— „π∑âÕß∂‘πË ‰∑¬ ¥â«¬‡Àµ∑ÿ Ëπ’ ‘¬¡„™â °—∫Õ“À“√‰∑¬∑ÿ°¿“§ º—°‡À≈à“π’È®÷߇ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕߺ—°æÈ◊π∫â“π‰∑¬∑Ë’¡’¢“¬∑ÿ°µ≈“¥ ‡™àπ °√–‡®’ͬ∫‡¢¬’ « °√–∂π‘ °√–‡∑’¬¡ ¢ß‘ ¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß  –√–·Àπà ‚À√–æ“ À«— ÀÕ¡ ‡ªπì µâπ ´ß÷Ë °“√ ®”·π°º°— æ◊Èπ∫“â π  “¡“√∂·∫ßà ‰¥âµ“¡ à«π∑Ë’„™â ¥—ßπÈ’ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑’Ë 4 213 Õ“À“√æ◊Èπ∫“â π‰∑¬ 1. º—°°‘πÀ—« √“° À√◊Õ‡Àßâ“„µâ¥‘𠇙àπ ‡º◊Õ° ¡—π ¢‘ß ¢à“ ‡√à« °√–«“π ‡ÕÈÕ◊ ßÀ¡“¬π“ ‡ªìπµâπ 2. º—°°π‘ „∫·≈–¬Õ¥ ‡™àπ º—°‡À¡¬’ ß ™“â æ≈Ÿ ¬Õ¥·§ ™–Õ¡ º—°°Ÿ¥π”È º°— ‡™¬’ ߥ“ ‡ªπì µπâ 3. º°— °π‘ º≈ À√Õ◊ Ω°í ‡™πà ¡–√¡ÿ ‡æ°“ ø°í ¢“â « ø°í ∑Õß ¡–‡¢Õ◊ µ“à ßÊ ¡–¥π— ‡ªπì µπâ 4. º—°°‘π à«π·°π°≈“ߢÕß≈”µâ𠇙àπ ¬Õ¥¡–æ√â“« ¬Õ¥‡µà“√â“ß ÀπàÕÀ«“¬ ÀπÕà ¥“À≈“ ‡ªπì µâπ πÕ°®“°°“√®”·π°º°— æπ◊È ∫“â π‡ªπì 5 °≈¡ÿà ¥ß— π·È’ ≈«â ¬ß— æ∫«“à ¡º’ °— æπ◊È ∫“â πÕ°’ À≈“¬™π¥‘ ∑Ë’ “¡“√∂°‘π‰¥â∑ÿ° à«π À√◊Õ°‘π‰¥â∑—È߬ե ¥Õ° º≈ ·≈–¡’µà“߃¥Ÿ°—π ∑”„Àâ„π·µà≈–ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈¡’º—° æ◊Èπ∫“â π„À‡â ≈Õ◊ °°π‘ ‰¥âÕ¬“à ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬·≈–√ ™“µ‘·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª À“°®”·π°º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π∑Ë’æ∫„π·µà≈–¿“§ æ∫«à“ º—°æÈ◊π∫â“πÀ≈“¬™π‘¥¡’°“√°√–®“¬ ∑Ë«— ∑°ÿ ¿“§¢Õߪ√–‡∑»´ßË÷ Õ“®¡™’ ËÕ◊ ∑Õâ ß∂‘πË ∑·’Ë µ°µà“ß°π— ‰ª ·≈–Õ’°À≈“¬™π¥‘ ¡°’ “√°√–®“¬∑Ë®’ ”°¥— ‡©æ“–∫“ß¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‡∑à“πÈ—π  ”À√—∫√“¬°“√º—°æÈ◊π∫â“π¢Õß·µà≈–¿“§ ∑È—ß 4 ¿“§ ‰¥â√«∫√«¡‰«â ¥ß— · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑Ë’ 1-4 µ“√“ß∑Ë’ 1 · ¥ßº°— æÈ◊π∫â“π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ1 ®”π«π 127 ™π¥‘ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™ÕË◊ ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™Õ◊Ë «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 1 °√–‡®’¬«·¥ß Curcuma sessilis Gage Zingiberaceae ÀπÕà ÕÕà π ·≈–¥Õ°ÕÕà π 2 °√–‚¥ππÈ” ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 3 °√–µß— ∫“¬ Careya sphaerica Roxb. Baringtoniaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 4 °√–∑◊Õ ÀπàÕÕàÕπ ™Õà ¥Õ° 5 °√–‡∑¬’ ¡ Leea indica Merr. Leeaceae À—« 6 °√–∑ÿßÀ¡“∫â“ „∫ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ° 7 °√–æ®’È πË— Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zingiberaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 8 °≈÷ß°≈àÕ¡ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ 9 °¡àÿ πÈ” Allium sativum Linn. Alliaceae „∫ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ 10 °àÿ¡∫° Dragea volubilis Stapf Asclepiadaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 11 ‡°¬’Î ßæ“≈“∫ Millettia brandisiana Kurz Papilionaceae „∫ 12 °”≈—߇®Á¥™â“ß “√ Ωí°ÕàÕπ 13 ‰°à‡µÈ’¬ Ardisia polycephala Wall. Myrsinaceae Ωí°ÕàÕπ 14 ‚° π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Crateva adansonii DC. subsp. Capparidaceae odorata Jacobs. C. adansonii DC. ssp. trifolia Capparidaceae (Roxb.) Jacobs. Eupatorium stoechadosmum Compositae Lasianthus puberulus Craib Rubiaceae Canavalia rosea DC. Papilionaceae Codiaeum variegatum Bl. Euphorbiaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

214 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕ◊Ë  ÿ¢¿“æ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™Õ◊Ë ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™ÕË◊ «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 15 ¢®√ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ°ÕÕà π º≈ÕàÕπ 16 ¢ππÿ Telosma minor Craib Asclepiadaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π º≈ÕÕà π 17 ¢à“·¥ß ™Õà ¥Õ°ÕÕà π Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Moraceae 18 §Õâ πÀ¡“¢“« ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ° 19 ·§À“ߧà“ß Achasma sphaerocephalum Zingiberaceae ¥Õ° Ωí°ÕÕà π 20 ß‘È« ‡° √ 21 ®‘°π“ Holtt. ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 22 ®ß‘ ®âÕ¥Õ°¢“« Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. Agavaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π º≈·°à 23 ®‘ß®âÕ¥Õ° º≈ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ 24 ‡®µ¡≈Ÿ ‡æ≈ß‘ ·¥ß Fernandoa adenophylla Steenis Bignoniaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 25 ™–æ≈Ÿ „∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ 26 ™–Õ¡ Bombax ceiba Linn. Bombacaceae „∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 27 ™“ Barringtonia acutangula (Linn.) Barringtoniaceae „∫ 28 ™â“‡≈◊Õ¥ ¬Õ¥ Gaertn. 29 ™”¡–‡√’¬ß ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 30 ¥Õ°¥‘π Merremia umbellata Haller. Convolvulaceae ¥Õ° 31 µâ“ßÀ≈«ß ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 32 µ–§√Õâ Ipomoea angulata Lamk. Convolvulaceae º≈·°à 33 µ—∫‡µà“π“ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕÕà π Plumbago indica Linn. Plumbaginaceae 34 µ“≈ ‡π◊ÈÕÕàÕπ∫√‘‡«≥§Õµâπ 35 µ“ã « Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Piperaceae º≈(≈Ÿ°™‘¥) 36 ∂«Ë— æŸ Ωí° Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Leguminosae 37 ∂«—Ë ¡–·Œ– Ω°í ÕÕà π Ω°í ·°à 38 ∂—Ë«≈π— ‡µ“ subsp. insuavis Nielsen Ωí°ÕàÕπ 39 ‡∂“°√–∑ÿßâ ≈“¬ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 40 ‡∂“µ¥À¡“ Camellia sinensis Ktze. Theaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 41 ∑ÕßÀ≈“ßπ”È ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 42 ∑ÕßÀ≈“ß„∫¡π Caesalpinia mimosoides Leguminosae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕàÕπ Lamk. Lepisanthes fruticosa Leenh. Sapindaceae Aeginetia indica Roxb. Orobanchaceae Trevesia palmata Vis. Araliaceae Schleichera oleosa Merr. Sapindaceae Neonauclea sessilifolia (Roxb) Rubiaceae Merr. Borassus flabellifer Linn. Palmae Arenga pinnata Palmae Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Papilionaceae DC. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Papilionaceae Pisum sativum Linn. Papilionaceae Celastrus paniculata Willd. Celastraceae Merremia hastata Haller f. Convovulaceae Erythrina fusea Lour. Leguminosae Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Leguminosae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 215 Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™ÕË◊ ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™Ë◊Õ«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 43 π“ß·¬¡â ª“É Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Verbenaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 44 π“ß·≈« ¥Õ°ÕÕà π „∫·≈–‡∂“ Chlorophytum undulatum Liliaceae 45 ∫—«∫° „∫·≈–≈”µâπ 46 ∫«∫ߟ Wall. º≈ÕÕà π 47 ∫«∫‡À≈’¬Ë ¡ º≈ÕÕà π 48 ∫Õπ Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Umbelliferae ≈”µâπ „∫ÕàÕπ 49 ªíπ·°≈ Trichosanthes anguina Linn. Cucurbitaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 50 ªï∫ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π 51 º—°°“¥°«“ßµâÿß Luffa acutangula Roxb Cucurbitaceae µâπ „∫ ™Õà ¥Õ° 52 º°— °¥Ÿ „∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Colocasia antiquorum Araceae 53 º—°¢“â «‡¡“à „∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 54 º°— ¢¢È’ «ß Schott „∫ µâπ 55 º—°§√“¥ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ ¥Õ° 56 º—°§π— ∑√ß Albisia lucidior Nielsen. Mimosaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕàÕπ 57 º°— §“«µÕß ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 58 º°— ‡´’¬ß¥“ Millingtonia hortensis Linn.f. Bignoniaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ° 59 º—°µŸ∫À¡Ÿ∫¥ „∫ÕÕà π À—« 60 º—°‡∫È’¬„À≠à Brassica chinensis Jusl. Cruciferae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 61 º°— ª≈“∫ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 62 º—°ª≈—ß Diplazium esculentum Athyriaceae ¬Õ¥ ™Õà ¥Õ° 63 º°— ·æ√« ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ 64 º°— ≈È‘π¡—ß°√ª≈“ (Retz.) Swartz ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 65 º—°·«àπ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ‡∂“ÕÕà π 66 º—° “∫ -- º≈ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ 67 º°—  ‡’  ¬’ ¥ ∑È—ßµâπ 68 º—°‡ È’¬« Glinus oppositifolius A.DC. Aizoaceae „∫ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 69 º—°· «â „∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 70 º°— Àπß— Spilanthes acmella Murr. Compositae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 71 º°— À«“π∫“â π ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π Colubrina asiatica Brongn. Rhamnaceae º≈ÕÕà π 72 º—°À«“πª“É ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ° Houttuynia cordata Thunb Saururaceae Gymnema inodorum Decne. Asclepiadaceae Kaempferia rotunda Linn. Zingiberaceae Portulaca oleracea Linn. Portulacaceae Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Commelinaceae Basella rubra Linn Basellaceae Polygonum odoratum Lour. Polyganaceae - Verbenaceae Marsilea crenata Presl Marsileaceae Adenia viridiflora Craib. Passifloraceae Glinus herniariodes Molluginaceae Bauhinia purpurea Linn. Leguminosae Marsdenia glabra Cost. Asclepiadaceae Parabaena sagittata Miers Menispermaceae Sauropus androgynus (Linn) Euphorbiaceae Merr. Melientha suavis Pierre Opiliaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

216 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™ÕË◊ ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™Õ◊Ë «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 73 ‰ºµà ß Dendrocalamus asper Back. Graminae ÀπÕà ÕàÕπ 74 ‰ºà‡ªÖ“– D. giganteus Munro Graminae ÀπàÕ ¥ 75 ΩÕ¬∑Õß Cuscuta chinensis Lamk. Cuscutaceae ‡∂“ 76 æàէ⓵’‡¡’¬ Selaginella argentea Selaginellaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 77 æ≈Ÿ·° ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π 78 ‡æ°“ - - ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ Ωí°ÕàÕπ Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignoniaceae ·≈–¥Õ°ÕÕà π 79 ‡æÈ’¬ø“π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 80 ·æß櫬πÈ” Allophylus sootepensis Craib. Rutaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 81 惰…å ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕàÕπ 82 øí°¢â“« Jussiaca repens Linn. Onagraceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ º≈ÕÕà π 83 ø°í ∑Õß Albizia lebbeck Benth Mimosaceae ¥Õ° ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π º≈ 84 ¡–°Õ°∫° ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π 85 ¡–¢“¡ Momordica cochinchinensis Cucurbitaceae ¥Õ° „∫ÕÕà π º≈(Ω°í ) 86 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ‡§√Õ◊ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ º≈ 87 ¡–‡¢◊Õ¢Ë◊π Spreng º≈¥‘∫ 88 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ·®â º≈¥‘∫ 89 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ‡∑» Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae º≈ 90 ¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß º≈ÕÕà π 91 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ¬“« Spondias pinnata Pierr Anacardiaceae º≈ 92 ¡–·¢«àπ „∫ÕÕà π º≈ 93 ¡–√–¢π’È ° Tamarindus indica Linn. Caesalpiniaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π º≈ 94 ¡–√¡ÿ ¬Õ¥ ¥Õ° Ωí°ÕàÕπ 95 ¡π— ‡∑» Sechium edule Sw. Cucurbitaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ À—«„µ¥â ‘π 96 ¡π—  ”ª–À≈ß— ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕÕà π À—«„µ¥â π‘ 97 ‡¡“à ‰¢ªà ≈“ Solanum aculeatissimum Solanaceae „∫ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ 98 ‚¡°‡§√◊Õ Solanum barbisetum Solanaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 99 ¬Õ „∫ÕÕà π º≈À“à ¡ 100 ¬“à π“ß Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Solanaceae ‡∂“·≈–„∫ 101 ‡≈Á∫§√ÿ±ΩÕ¬ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 102 ‡≈∫Á ‡≈“– Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 103 ‡≈¬’ ∫ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π Solanum melongena Linn. Solanaceae Zanthoxylum limonella Alston Rutaceae Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae Moringa obeisfera Lamk. Moringaceae Ipomoea batatus Lamk Convovulaceae Manihot esculenta Crantz Euphorbiaceae Antidesma ghaesembilla Stilaginaceae Gaertn. Aganosma marginata Apocynaceae Morinda citrifolia Linn. Rubiaceae Tiliacora triandra Diels. Menispermaceae Polyscias feuticosa Harms Araliaceae Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lamk Rutaceae Ficus lacor Buch. Moraceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 217 Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫“â π‰∑¬ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™Õ◊Ë ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™◊ÕË «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 104 ‡≈ˬ’ π 105  ¡Õ‰∑¬ Melia azedarach Linn. Meliaceae ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕàÕπ 106  –§â“π º≈À“à ¡ 107  –‡¥“ Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae ‡∂“ „∫ÕàÕπ ¥ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ 108  –·≈ Piper interruptum Opiz Piperaceae 109  –Õ÷° ¥Õ° º≈ÕÕà π 110  â¡°âÿßπâÕ¬ Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 111  â¡°∫ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 112  â¡ªÕÉ ¬ var. siamensis Valeton  «à π‡ÀπÕ◊ ¥π‘ 113 À¡Õà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Broussonetia kurzii Coner Moraceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π 114 À“ߪ≈“™àÕπ º≈ÕÕà π 115 ÀŸ‡ ◊Õ Ipomoea maxima Don C. Convovulaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕàÕπ 116 ‡À¥Á ¢Õπ¢“« „∫ 117 ‡ÀÁ¥·§âπ Ampelocissus martinii Planch. Vitidaceae ∑ßÈ— ¥Õ° 118 ‡ÀÁ¥®“«¡–æ√â“« ∑ßÈ— ¥Õ° Oxalis acetosella Linn. Oxalidaceae ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 119 ‡À¥Á µ—∫‡µ“à 120 ‡À¥Á ‡º“– Acacia rugata Merr. Mimosaceae ∑ßÈ— ¥Õ° 121 ‡À¥Á ø“ß ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 122 ‡ÀÁ¥≈¡ Morus alba Linn. Moraceae ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 123 ‡À¥Á ÀÀŸ πŸ ∑ß—È ¥Õ° 124 Õ‚»°πÈ” Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. Compositae ∑ß—È ¥Õ° 125 Õ∫‡™¬‡∂“ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π Coleus amboinicus Lour. Labiatae º≈ 126 Õ’√Õ° Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. Tricholomataceae °“â π„∫ °“â π¥Õ° 127 ‡ÕÈ◊Õ߇æÁ¥¡â“ -- ≈”µâπÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ Calvatia craniformis (Schw.) - Fr. Boletus edulis Schaeff.ex Fr. Boletaceae Astraeus hygrometricus Morg. Lycoperdaceae Volvariella volvacea Volvariaceae Lentinus polychrous Berk. Tricholomataceae Auricularia auricularis Auriculariaceae Saraca indica Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Atherolepis pierrei Cost. Var. Asclepiadaceae glabra Kerr. Amorphophallus brevispathus Araceae Gagnep Polygonum orientale Linn. Polygonaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

218 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ ÿ¢¿“æ µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 · ¥ßº—°æπÈ◊ ∫â“π¿“§°≈“ß 2 ®”π«π 128 ™π¥‘ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™ÕË◊ ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™◊ËÕ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 1 °√–‡®’¬«·¥ß 2 °√–‡®¬’Í ∫·¥ß Curcuma sessilis Gage Zingiberaceae ÀπÕà ÕÕà π ·≈–¥Õ°ÕàÕπ Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Malvaceae º≈ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 3 °√–‡®¬’Í ∫¡Õ≠ °≈∫’ ‡≈¬È’ ß Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae º≈ÕÕà π 4 °√–™“¬ Moench. Boesenbergia pandurata Zingiberaceae √“° 5 °√–‚¥π (Roxb.) Schltr. 6 °√–∂‘π‰∑¬ Careya sphaerica Roxb. Lecythidaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Leucaena glauca Benth. Mimosaceae „∫ÕÕà π Ω°í ÕÕà π ‡¡≈¥Á ÕàÕπ 7 °√–∑◊Õ ÀπàÕÕÕà π ™àÕ¥Õ° 8 °√–æß— ‚À¡ Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zingiberaceae „∫ 9 °√–æ®È’ πË— ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 10 °–‡æ√“ Paederia foetida Linn. Rubiaceae „∫ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ 11 °√–«“π ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 12 °√– ß— Millettia brandisiana Kurz. Papilionaceae ÀπÕà ÕÕà π ·≈–º≈ÕÕà π 13 °≈⫬πÈ”«â“  «à π‡ÀπÕ◊ ¥π‘ 14 °≈Õ¬ Ocimum sanctum Linn. Labiatae À¬«°°≈⫬ º≈¥∫‘ À«— ª≈’ 15 °–∑°√° À—«„µâ¥‘π 16 °¡àÿ π”È Amomum krevanh Pierre Zingiberaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 17 °àÿ¡∫° Peperomia pellucida Korth. Peperomiaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 18 °ÿ¬™à“¬ Musa sapientum Linn. Musaceae 19 ¢®√ ¥Õ° „∫ 20 ¢¡πÈ‘ ¢“« Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscoreaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ º≈ÕÕà π 21 ¢ππÿ ‡Àßâ“ ¥ Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕàÕπ º≈ÕÕà π 22 ¢“à 23 ¢“â «‚æ¥ Crateva adansonii DC. subsp. Capparidaceae ‡Àß“â ·°à ·≈–ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ 24 ¢“â « “√¥Õ°‡≈°Á Ωí°ÕÕà π Ω°í ·°à odorata Jacobs. ¥Õ° ‡∂“ ‚§πµπâ C. adansonii DC. ssp. trifolia Capparidaceae (Roxb.) Jacobs. Allium tuberosum Roxb. Alliaceae Telosma minor Craib Asclepiadaceae Curcuma mangga Zingiberaceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Lamk. Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae Zea mays Linn. Graminae Raphistemma hooperianum Asclepiadaceae Decne. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 219 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™ÕË◊ ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™Ë◊Õ«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 25 ¢È’°“¢“« ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 26 ¢’ȇÀ≈Á° Bryonia lacinioas Cucurbitaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 27 §Ÿπ °â“π„∫ 28 ·§∫â“π Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpinaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ° 29 ®‘°π“ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Colocasia gigantea Hook. f. Araceae 30 ·®ß ¥Õ° 31 ™–æ≈Ÿ Sesbania grandiflora Desv. Leguminosae „∫ÕÕà π 32 ™–¡«ß Barringtonia acutangula (Linn.) Barringtoniaceae „∫ 33 ™–Õ¡ „∫ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Gaertn. 34 ™–‡Õ¡‡∑» º≈ Maerua siamensis (Kurz) Pax. Capparaceae 35 ¥Õ°¥‘π ™Õà ¥Õ° 36 µ–‰§√â Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Ex Piperaceae µπâ  ¥ 37 µ–≈‘ߪ≈‘ß Hunter º≈ 38 µ—∫‡µà“π“ µâπÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ Garcinia cowa Roxb. Guttiferae 39 µ“≈ À—«≈Ÿ°µ“≈ÕàÕπ 40 µ“≈ªµí √ƒÂ…’ Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Leguminosae ≈”µâπ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ 41 ‡µ“à √“â ß ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 42 ·µß°«“ subsp. insuavis Nielsen º≈ÕÕà π 43 ·µß‰∑¬ º≈ÕàÕπ º≈ ÿ° 44 ·µß‚¡ Sarcostemma brunonianum Asclepiadaceae º≈ÕÕà π º≈·°à 45 µ”≈÷ß ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π 46 ∂«Ë— Ω°í ¬“« Wight & Arn. Ωí°ÕàÕπ 47 ∂«—Ë æŸ Ωí° Aeginetia indica Roxb. Orobanchaceae 48 ∑ÕßÀ≈“ßπ”È „∫·≈–¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 49 ∑â“«¬“¬¡àÕ¡ Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Graminae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ Nees) Stapf. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Averrhoaceae Nymphoides indicum (Linn.) Nymphaeaceae Ktze. Borassus flabellifer Linn. Palmae Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchen Alismataceae Caryota urens Linn. Palmae Cucumis sativus Linn. Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo Linn. Cucurbitaceae Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Cucurbitaceae Vigna sinensis Savi. a Papilionaceae Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Papilionaceae DC. Erythrina fusea Lour. Leguminosae Clerodendrum petasites Verbenaceae S. Moore. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

220 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ÕË  ÿ¢¿“æ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™Õ◊Ë ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™ËÕ◊ «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 50 π”È ‡µâ“ Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. Cucurbitaceae º≈ÕÕà π 51 ∫«∫‡À≈Ë’¬¡ 52 ∫«∫ÀÕ¡ Luffa acutangula Roxb Cucurbitaceae º≈ÕÕà π 53 ∫Õπ º≈ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 54 ∫—«∫° Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. Cucurbitaceae °“â π„∫ ‰À≈ 55 ∫—« “¬ „∫·≈–‡∂“ 56 ∫—«À≈«ß Colocasia antiquorum Schott Araceae °“â π„∫ ‰À≈ 57 ∫ÿ° ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ‰À≈ Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Umbelliferae À—« µπâ ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 58 º°— °√–‡©¥ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π ≈”µâπÕÕà π 59 º—°°Ÿ¥ Nymphaea lotus Linn. Nymphaeaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π 60 º°— ‡¢¬’ ¥ µπâ ÕÕà π Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nymphaeaceae 61 º—°·¢¬ß µâπ·≈–„∫ Amorphophallus campanulate Araceae 62 º—°§√“¥ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ° 63 º—°™’Ω√Ë—ß Bl. ex Decne „∫ÕàÕπ 64 º—°™’≈“« µâπ·≈–„∫ 65 º°— ™’≈Õâ ¡ Neptunia oleracea Lour. Mimosaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 66 º—°µ∫™«“ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π ·≈– Diplazium esculentum Swartz Athyriaceae ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 67 º°— ∫ßÿâ ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕàÕπ 68 º—°ª≈—ß Monochoria vaginalis Presl var. Pontideriaceae ¬Õ¥·≈–¥Õ°ÕÕà π 69 º°— ª≈“∫ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 70 º°— ·æ√« plantaginea Solms ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 71 º°— ·«àπ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ‡∂“ÕÕà π 72 º—° “∫ Limnophila aromatica (Lamk.) Scrophulariaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 73 º°—  ‡’  ¬’ ¥ ∑È—ßµâπ 74 º°— ‡ È’¬π Merr. ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 75 º°— Àπ“¡ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π 76 º°— À«“π∫“â π Spilanthes acmella Murr Compositae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ º≈ÕÕà π 77 º—°À«“πª“É Eryngium foetida Linn. Umbelliferae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π º≈ÕÕà π Anethum graveolens Linn. Apiaceae Oenanthe stoloniferae Wall. Umbelliferae Eichhornia crassipes Solms. Pontederiaceae Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Convolvulaceae Basella rubra Linn, B. alba L. Basellaceae Commelina diffusa Burmf. Commelinaceae Polygonum odoratum Lour. Polyganaceae Marsilea crenata Presl Marsileaceae Adenia viridiflora craib. Passifloraceae Glinus herniariodes Molluginaceae Cleome gynandra Linn. Capparidaceae Lasia spinosa Thw. Araceae Sauropus androgynus (Linn) Euphorbiaceae Merr. Milientha suavis Pierre Opiliaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 221 Õ“À“√æÈπ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™Õ◊Ë ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™Õ◊Ë «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 78 º—°‚À¡ Amaranthus lividus Linn. Amaranthaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 79 ‰ºà ’ ÿ° Dendrocalamus giganteus Gramineae ÀπàÕÕàÕπ Munro 80 æ√‘°¢À’È πŸ Capsicum minimum Roxb. Solanaceae º≈ „∫ÕÕà π 81 æ√‘°‰∑¬ Piper nigrum Linn. Piperaceae ‡¡≈¥Á ÕÕà π ‡¡≈¥Á ·°à 82 æàէ⓵’‡¡’¬ Selaginella argentea Selaginellaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 83 ‡æ°“ Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignoniaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Ω°í ÕàÕπ ·≈–¥Õ°ÕàÕπ 84 ·æß櫬Ω√—ßË Jussiaca repens Linn. Onagraceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 85 ø°í ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ·≈–º≈ 86 øí°¢â“« Benincasa hispida Coyn. Cucurbitaceae º≈ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 87 ø°í ∑Õß Momordica cochinchinensis Cucurbitaceae ¥Õ° ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π º≈ 88 ¡–°√¥Ÿ „∫ º≈ 89 ¡–°Õ° Spreng ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕàÕπ º≈ 90 ¡–¢“¡ ¥Õ° „∫ÕàÕπ º≈(Ω°í ) 91 ¡–¢“¡‡∑» Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae ‡πÈ◊ÕÀÿ¡â ‡¡≈¥Á 92 ¡–‡¢◊Õ¢◊Ëπ º≈¥‘∫ 93 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ‰¢à‡µ“à Citrus hystrix DC. Rutaceae º≈¥‘∫ 94 ¡–‡¢◊Õ‡∑» º≈ 95 ¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß Spondias pinnata Pierr Anacardiaceae º≈ÕÕà π 96 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ¬“« º≈ 97 ¡–¥—π Tamarindus indica Linn. Caesalpiniaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π º≈ 98 ¡–‡¥◊ÕË - ™Õà ¥Õ° º≈ÕÕà π Pithecollobium dulce Benth. Mimosaceae Õ∑ÿ ¡ÿ æ√ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π º≈ÕÕà π 99 ¡–æ√â“« Solanum aculeatissimum Solanaceae ™àÕ¥Õ° ‡πÈ◊Õ¡–æ√“â « º≈ 100 ¡–‡øóÕß Solanum sp. Solanaceae º≈ 101 ¡–¡à«ß ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ º≈·°à 102 ¡–¬¡ Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Solanaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π º≈ÕàÕπ 103 ¡–√–¢π’È ° Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae ¬Õ¥·≈–º≈ÕàÕπ 104 ¡–√–ª“É (¡–‰À)à ‡πÈÕ◊ „πΩí°·≈–‡¡≈¥Á 105 ¡–√¡ÿ Solanum melongena Linn. Solanaceae Garcinia schomburgkiana Pierre Guttiferae Ficus racemosa Linn. Moraceae Cocos nucifera Linn. Palmae Averrhoa carambola Linn. Averrhoaceae Mangifera indica Linn. Anarcadiaceae Phyllanthus acidus (Linn.) Euphorbiaceae Skeels Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae Moringa obeisfera Lamk. Moringaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ °

222 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ÕË  ¢ÿ ¿“æ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™Õ◊Ë ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™Ë◊Õ«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 106 ¡–≈–°Õ Carica papaya Linn. Caricaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ º≈¥∫‘ º≈ ÿ° 107 ¡–·«â߇§√Õ◊ º≈ÕÕà π 108 ¡–·«âßµπâ Soalnum trilobatum Linn. Solanaceae º≈ÕÕà π 109 ¡–Õ÷° º≈ÕÕà π º≈·°à 110 ¡π— ‡∑» Soalnum sanitwongsei Craib. Solanaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π À«— „µâ¥π‘ 111 ¡—πÀâ“π“∑’ À—«„µ¥â ‘π 112 ·¡ß≈°— Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. Solanaceae „∫ 113 ¬Õ „∫ÕÕà π º≈À“à ¡ 114 ¬“à π“ß Ipomoea batatus Lamk Convovulaceae ‡∂“·≈–„∫ 115 ¬À’Ë √“à „∫ ·≈–º≈(‡§√◊ËÕ߇∑») 116 ‡√«à Manihot esculenta Crantz Euphorbiaceae ‡¡≈¥Á º≈ ÀπÕà ÕÕà π 117  –‡¥“ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ Ocimum canum Sims. Labiatae 118  –µÕ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ‡¡≈¥Á 119  –√–·Àπà Morinda citrifolia Linn. Rubiaceae „∫ 120 ‡ ¡Á¥¢“« „∫ ¥ 121 ‚ π Tiliacora triandra Diels. Menispermaceae ¥Õ° ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ 122 ‚ ¡‰∑¬ „∫ ≈”µâπ 123 À“ߪ≈“™Õà π Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Labiatae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 124 ‡ÀÁ¥ø“ß ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ÕàÕπ 125 ‚À√–æ“ Amomum xanthioides Wall. Zingiberaceae „∫ 126 Õ∫‡™¬‡∂“ ¬Õ¥ º≈ Azadirachta indica A.Juss. var. Meliaceae 127 Õ—≠™—π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 128 ¢ß‘ siamensis Valeton ‡Àß“â Parkia speciosa Hass.k. Mimosaceae Mentha viridis Linn. Labiatae Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. Myrtaceae Sesbania javanica Miq. Papilionaceae Talinum triomgulare Willd. Portulaceae Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. Compositae Volvariella volvacea Volvariaceae Ocimum basilicum Linn. Labiatae Atherolepis pierrei Cost. Var. Asclepiadaceae glabra Kerr. Clitoria ternatea Linn. Papilionaceae Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae √“¬°“√º—°æÈ◊π∫â“π¿“§°≈“ßπ’ȇªìπ°“√√«∫√«¡§«“¡√Ÿâ‡°Ë’¬«°—∫º—°æ◊Èπ∫â“π‰∑¬∑Ë’æ∫¡“° „π¿“§°≈“ß ´ßË÷ √«¡‰ª∂ß÷ ®ß— À«¥— ∑“ß™“¬Ωòíß∑–‡≈ ‡™àπ µ√“¥ ®—π∑∫√ÿ ’ °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 223 Õ“À“√æÈ◊π∫“â π‰∑¬ µ“√“ß∑Ë’ 3 · ¥ßº—°æ◊Èπ∫“â π¿“§Õ‘ “π3 ®”π«π 137 ™π¥‘ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™Õ◊Ë ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™ËÕ◊ «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 1 °–∑°√° Passiflora foetida Linn. Passifloraceae ¬Õ¥ º≈ 2 °√–™“¬ √“° 3 °√–™“¬·¥ß Boesenbergia pandurata Holtt. Zingiberaceae ÀπÕà ÕàÕπ 4 °√–‚¥π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 5 °√–∂‘π‰∑¬ Boesenbergia sp. Zingiberaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ Ω°í ÕàÕπ Ωí°·°à 6 °√–∑ÿßÀ¡“∫â“ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ° 7 °√–∑ß≈“¬ Careya sphaerica Roxb. Lecythidaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 8 °√–‡∑¬’ ¡‡∂“ „∫ 9 °π— ‡°√“ Leucaena glauca Benth. Mimosaceae ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕÕà π 10 °≈⫬µ“π’ º≈¥‘∫ º≈ °ÿ 11 °≈⫬π«≈ Dregea volubilis Stapf Asclepiadaceae º≈ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 12 °”®—¥ Celastrus paniculata Willd. Celastraceae „∫ÕÕà π º≈·°à ‡¡≈¥Á ·°à 13 °√ÿ߇¢¡“ ‡∂“ „∫ 14 °ÿ¬™à“¬ Mansoa alliacea Lam. Bignoniaceae „∫ 15 ‡°≈Á¥ª≈“™Õà π ¬Õ¥ Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Gentianaceae 16 °≈Õ¬ À«—  ¥ 17 ¢ππÿ Musa balbisiana Colla Musaceae ¥Õ°µ«— ºŸâ º≈ ‡¡≈Á¥ 18 ¢“à ≈ß‘ Ensete glauca (Roxb.) Musaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ µπâ ÕàÕπ 19 ¢ß‘ „∫ ‡Àßâ“ 20 ¢È‡’ À≈Á° Cheesman ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ° 21 ¢’ȇÀ≈Á°∫â“π ¬Õ¥ 22 ¢≈àŸ Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Rutaceae ¬Õ¥ 23 ·¢¡ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 24 §«π‘ π‘ Cissampelos pareira var. hersuta Menispermaceae „∫ÕàÕπ 25 §â“ߧ“«¥” „∫ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ 26 §Ÿπ Allium tuberosum Roxb. Alliaceae °“∫„∫ 27 §Õπ·§π ¥Õ° ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 28 ·§∫â“π Phyllodium pulchellum Leguminosae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ° 29 ®‘°π“ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π (Benth.) Desv. Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscoreaceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Lamk. Alpinia conchigera Griff Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpinaceae Cassia sophera Linn. Caesalpinaceae Pluchea indica Less Compositae Saccharum arudinaceum Retz Graminae Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Tacca chantrieri Andre Taccaceae Colocasia gigantea Hook.f Araceae Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. Dracaenaceae Sesbania grandiflora Desv. Leguminosae Barringtonia acutangula Barringtoniaceae (Linn.) Gaertn. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

224 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æË◊Õ ¢ÿ ¿“æ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™ÕË◊ ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™◊ËÕ«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 30 ‡®µ¡Ÿ≈‡æ≈‘ߢ“« Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae „∫ 31 ™–¡«ß ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕàÕπ 32 ™–Õ¡ Garcinia cowa Roxb. Guttiferae ¬Õ¥ 33 ™â“‡≈◊Õ¥ Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae ¬Õ¥ 34 ™¡ÿ · ß subsp. insuavis Nielsen ¬Õ¥ 35 ™”™– ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 36 µ–‰§√Àâ Õ¡ Caesalpinia mimosoides Leguminosae °“∫„∫ 37 µ–§√Õâ º≈·°à 38 µ“πÀ¡Õà π Lamk. ¬Õ¥ 39 µ“≈ªµí √ƒÂ…’ °â“π„∫ °â“π¥Õ° 40 µ“â ‡À≈Õ◊ ß Xanthophyllum glacum Wall. Xanthophyllaceae ¬Õ¥ 41 µ«È‘ ¢“« ¬Õ¥ ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 42 ‡µà“√â“ß·¥ß -- ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 43 ·µß‚¡ ‡¡≈Á¥ º≈ÕàÕπ º≈·°à 44 µÕà ‰ â Cymbopogon nardus Rendle. Graminae „∫ (‡æ¬’È ø“π) Schleichera oleosa Merr. Sapindaceae 45 ∂«—Ë ·ª∫ 46 ‡∂“§π— ¢“« Vernonia elliptica DC. Compositae 47 ‡∂“µ¥À¡“ Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchen Alismataceae 48 ∑πŸ °“â π¥” 49 ‡∑“ Mentha sp. Labiatae 50 ‡∑’¬π- Cratoxylum formosum Dyer Guttiferae µ“µ—Í°·µπ 51 ‡π¬’ ¡À‡Ÿ  Õ◊ Caryota mitis Lour. Palmae 52 π”È ‡µâ“ 53 ∫«∫‡À≈Ë’¬¡ Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Cucurbitaceae 54 ∫ÿ° Allophylus sootepensis Craib. Sapindaceae 55 ∫—«∫° 56 ªï∫ Dolichos lablab Linn. Leguminosae Ωí°ÕàÕπ 57 º°— °–‡¥¬’ ß Parthenocissus quinguefolia Vitaceae ¬Õ¥ Planch. Merremia hastata Haller f. Convovulaceae √“° Colocasia sp. Araceae „∫ °â“π„∫ Spirogyra sp. Anethum graveolens Linn. - - Umbelliferae „∫ ≈”µπâ Coleus amboinicus Lour. Labiatae „∫ Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. Cucurbitaceae º≈ÕÕà π Luffa acutangula Roxb Cucurbitaceae º≈ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ Amorphophallus campanulate Araceae À—« µπâ ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π Bl. ex Decne Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban Umbelliferae ∑—Èßµâπ Millingtonia hortensis Linn.f. Bignoniaceae ¬Õ¥ Hydrolea zeylanica Vahl. Hydrophyllaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈Õ◊ ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 225 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫“â π‰∑¬ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™Õ◊Ë ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™ÕË◊ «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 58 º—°°“¥°ÿß Brassica sp. Cruciferae ∑—Èßµâπ‡ÀπÕ◊ ¥π‘ 59 º—°°“¥πÈ” ∑Èß— µπâ ‡ÀπÕ◊ ¥‘π 60 º—°°“¥π“ Plantago major Linn. Plantaginaceae ¬Õ¥ „∫ 61 º°— °“â π°Õà ß „∫ÕàÕπ 62 º—°°Ÿ¥¬—°…å Crassocephalum crepidiodes Compositae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 63 º—°·¢¬ß ∑—Èßµâπ‡ÀπÕ◊ ¥π‘ 64 º°— ¢¡ Biden sp. Compositae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 65 º—°§√“¥ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ° 66 º—°™’™â“ß Angiopteris evecta Hoffm. Athyriaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ 67 º—°™’π”È ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕÕà π 68 º—°™’Ω√—ßË Limnophila aromatica Merr. Scrophulariaceae „∫ 69 º°— ™’‰√à „∫ 70 º°— µ∫‰∑¬ Amaranthus lividus Linn Amaranthaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ °â“π¥Õ° 71 º—°‚µàπ „∫ÕÕà π 72 º—°‚µππÈ” Spilanthes acmella Murr. Compositae ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕàÕπ 73 º°— ∂Õ∫·∂∫‡§√Õ◊ ¬Õ¥ ‡¡≈¥Á º≈ 74 º°— ∫ßÿâ Seseli yunnanense Umbelliferae ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕàÕπ 75 º°— ª≈ß— ·¥ß ¬Õ¥·≈–¥Õ°ÕÕà π 76 º°— ‰ºà Oenanthe stolonefera Umbelliferae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π „∫ 77 º—°æ“ „∫ ¬Õ¥ 78 º—°æ“¬ Eryngium foetida Linn. Umbelliferae °“â π„∫ „∫ 79 º°— ¬Õ¥µÕß ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕàÕπ 80 º—°·«àπ Coriandrum spp. Umbelliferae ∑—È߇§√Õ◊ (‡∂“) 81 º—°‡ È¬’ π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 82 º°— Àπ“¡ Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms Araceae ¬Õ¥·≈–¥Õ°ÕÕà π 83 º°— À«“π∫“â π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Tadehagi godefroyanum Leguminosae 84 º—°À«“πªÉ“ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ ¥Õ° 85 º—°ÀπÕ° -- °“â π „∫ 86 º—°À¡„À≠à ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 87 º—°Õ’Œ‘π Connarus semidecandrus Jack Connaraceae ∑—Èßµâπ 88 º” Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Convolvulaceae ∑È—ßµâπ 89 ‰ºàªÉ“ ÀπÕà ÕàÕπ Basella rubra Linn Basellaceae Polygonum odoratum Lour. Polyganaceae Limnophila verticillata Scrophulariaceae -- Phyllanthus roseus Beile. Euphorbiaceae Marsilea crenata Presl Marsileaceae Cleome gynandra Linn. Capparidaceae Lasia spinosa Thw. Araceae Sauropus androgynus (Linn) Euphorbiaceae Merr. Milientha suavis Pierre Opiliaceae Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Umbelliferae Amaranthus tricolor Linn. Amaranthaceae Monochoria vaginalis Presl. var. Pontideriaceae plantaginea Solms. Wolffia globosa Hartog & Plas Lemnaceae Bambusa arundinacea Wild. Graminae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

226 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æ◊ÕË  ÿ¢¿“æ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™ÕË◊ ∑«—Ë ‰ª ™ÕË◊ «∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 90 Ω√ß—Ë 91 ‡æ°“ Psidium guajava Linn. Myrtaceae º≈ ÿ° ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Ω°í ÕàÕπ ·≈– 92 æ√°‘ ¢’ÈÀπŸ Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignoniaceae ¥Õ°ÕÕà π 93 æ≈Õ߇À¡Õ◊ ¥ º≈ 94 ‰æ≈ Capsicum frutescens Linn. Solanaceae ¬Õ¥ º≈ ÿ° 95 øí°¢â“« „∫ Memecylon edule Roxb. Melastomataceae º≈¥‘∫ 96 ¡–°≈”Ë 97 ¡–‡¢◊Õ¢◊Ëπ Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Zingiberaceae ¬Õ¥ „∫ º≈ 98 ¡–‡¢◊Õæ«ß Momordica cochinchinensis Cucurbitaceae 99 ¡–‡¢Õ◊ ¡«à ß º≈ÕÕà π 100 ¡–‡¢◊Õ â¡ Spreng º≈¥‘∫ 101 ¡–ß—Ë« º≈ ÿ° 102 ¡–‡øÕó ß Adenanthera pavonina Linn. Leguminosae „∫·°à º≈ 103 ¡–¬¡ º≈ ¬Õ¥ Solanum seaforthianum Andr. Solanaceae º≈ „∫ÕÕà π 104 ¡–√–¢πÈ’ ° 105 ¡–≈–°Õ ExC ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕàÕπ º≈ÕàÕπ 106 ¡– —ß ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π º≈¥‘∫ º≈ ÿ° 107 ¡–·«â߇§√Õ◊ Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π º≈ 108 ¡–·«âßµπâ º≈ÕÕà π 109 ¡–Õ°÷ Solanum melongena Linn. Solanaceae º≈ÕÕà π 110 ¡π— ·°«ªÉ“ º≈·°à 111 ‡¡Á° Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Solanaceae À«— Ω°í ‡¡≈¥Á ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 112 ‚¡°‡§√◊Õ Citrus medica Linn. Rutaceae 113 ¬“à π“ß „∫ÕàÕπ 114 ¬ÀË’ √“à Averrhoa carambola Linn. Averrhoaceae ‡∂“ „∫ 115 ‡≈∫Á ‡≈“– „∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ 116 ‡≈“ Phyllanthus acidus (Linn.) Euphorbiaceae „∫ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ 117  –‰§πÈ” ¬Õ¥ÕàÕ𠂧πµπâ ÕÕà π Skeels ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae Carica papaya Linn. Caricaceae Feroniella lucida Rutaceae Soalnum trilobatum Linn. Solanaceae Soalnum indicum Linn. Solanaceae Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. Solanaceae Pachyrrhizus erosus Urban Papilionaceae Eugenia grata Wight Myrtaceae var. collinae Craib. Aganosma marginata G. Don Apocynaceae Tiliacora triandra Diels. Menispermaceae Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Labiatae Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk. Rutaceae Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Graminae Cardiopteris quinqueloba Cardiopteridaceae (Hassk) Hassk. °Õß°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈◊Õ° °√¡æ—≤π“°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 227 Õ“À“√æπÈ◊ ∫â“π‰∑¬ ≈”¥∫— ∑Ë’ ™ÕË◊ ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™◊ÕË «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑Ë’√—∫ª√–∑“π 118  –¡—¥ 119  —πµ–«“„∫擬 Clausena harmandiana Pierre. Rutaceae ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 120  “§Ÿ °“â π „∫ÕàÕπ 121  â¡¢’ÈÀ¡àÕπ Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Hydrocharitaceae 122  ¡â ªÕÉ ¬ ‡Àß“â ÕÕà π 123  ¡â ≈¡ Maranta arundinacea L. Marantaceae ¬Õ¥ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π 124  â¡‡ ’Ȭ«µâπ Embelia subcoriacea Mez Myrsinaceae „∫ „∫ÕÕà π Ω°í ÕÕà π 125  â¡ π— ¥“π Acacia rugata Merr. Mimosaceae 126 À“ߪ≈“™Õà π „∫ 127 À¡Õà π Aganonerion polymorphum Apcynaceae ¬Õ¥ 128 À¡“°¥°Ÿ ·Œâß ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π º≈ 129 À¡“°·Àπàß Pierre ex Spire ™Õà ¥Õ° 130 À¡“°À«— µÕà º≈ ¥ Bauhinia pottsii G. Don Leguminosae º≈ÕÕà π 131 À«“¬ 132 À«“¬π”È var.decipiens (Craib) K.et S.S. ¬Õ¥ 133 ‚À√–æ“π”È ¬Õ¥ 134 Õ’√Õ° Larsen. ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕÕà π °â“π„∫ °â“π¥Õ° 135 ÕÕâ ¬¥” Cissus hastata Miq. Vitaceae 136 ‡ÕÁπÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π ≈”µâπ Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. Compositae ¬Õ¥ „∫ÕÕà π 137 Œπÿ ‰Œ (º°— ‰Àà) Morus alba L. Moraceae ¬Õ¥ º≈ Clerodendrum serratum Linn. Labiatae Amomum xanthioides Wall. Zingiberaceae Sarcostemma brunonianum Asclepiadaceae Wight & Arn. Calamus spp. Graminae Calamus godefroyi Becc. Graminae Ocimum sp. Labiatae Amorphophallus brevispathus Araceae Gagnep Saccharum officinarum Linn.G Graminae Cryptolepis buchanani Asclepiadaceae Roem.&Schult. Momordica sp. Cucurbitaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å∑“߇≈Õ◊ °

228 µ”√“«™‘ “°“√ Õ“À“√‡æÕ◊Ë  ÿ¢¿“æ µ“√“ß∑Ë’ 4 · ¥ßº°— æÈ◊π∫â“π¿“§„µ1â 5 ®”π«π 219 ™π¥‘ ≈”¥∫— ∑’Ë ™ÕË◊ ∑«Ë— ‰ª ™◊ËÕ«∑‘ ¬“»“ µ√å «ß»å  à«π∑’Ë√—∫ª√–∑“π 1 °√Õ¥ - - º≈ÕÕà π 2 °√–‡®¬Í’ ∫·¥ß Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Malvaceae º≈ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ °≈∫’ ‡≈È’¬ß „∫ÕàÕπ Ωí°ÕÕà π ‡¡≈¥Á ÕÕà π 3 °√–∂π‘ Leucaena glauca Benth. Mimosaceae „∫ÕàÕπ ÀπàÕÕÕà π ™àÕ¥Õ° 4 °√–·µ‰µà‰¡â Drynaria quercifolia Polypodiaceae º≈ÕÕà π º≈·°à ‡Àß“â ÕÕà π ≈”µâπ „∫ 5 °√–∑Õ◊ Zingiber zerumbet Smith. Zingibaraceae ÀπàÕÕàÕπ ‡Àßâ“ ™Õà ¥Õ°ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥ 6 °√–«“π Amomum krevanh Pierre Zingibaraceae ¥Õ° 7 °√– ß— Peperomia pellucida Korth. Peperomiaceae - ¥Õ°µ¡Ÿ 8 °–æâÕ Licuala peltata Roxb. Palmae ‡¡≈¥Á „∫ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥·≈–„∫ÕÕà π 9 °“â ¡°ßâÿ Lantana aculeata Verbenaceae ¥Õ°·≈–„∫ÕÕà π ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 10 °“√–„À≠à - - ‡ªπì º°—  ¥ 11 °“À≈“ Etlingera elatior Zingiberaceae ¬Õ¥·≈–„∫ÕàÕπ ¬Õ¥·≈–„∫ÕÕà π 12 °”®—¥ Zanthoxylum rhetsa Rutaceae ¬Õ¥ ¬Õ¥ 13 °”≈ß— §«“¬∂°÷ Dracaena conferta Ridl. Dracaenaceae „∫ÕàÕπ ¥Õ°µŸ¡ ¬Õ¥ 14 °¡ÿà π”È Crateva adansonii DC. Capparidaceae ¬Õ¥ ¬Õ¥ 15 °¥Ÿ Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Athyriaceae ¥Õ° ¬Õ¥ÕàÕπ „∫ÕÕà π ¥Õ°µŸ¡ º≈ Swartz ¬Õ¥ ¬Õ¥ÕÕà π 16 ·°¡â ª≈“™àÕπ - - „∫ 17 ‚° (µ–‚°) Diospyros dictyoneura Ebenaceae 18 ¢°È’ “ Trichosanthes integrifolia Cucurbitaceae 19 ¢¡È’ °Ÿ ¡¥ÿ  ß— - - 20 ¢È’·√¥ -- 21 ¢‡È’ À≈Á° Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpinaceae 22 ‡¢Á¡∑ÿ°™π‘¥ Ixora sp. Rubiaceae 23 §Õ·Àßâ Rinorea lanceolata Violaceae 24 §Õ·À≈π -- 25 ·§ Sesbania grandiflora Desv. Leguminosae 26 ßÈ‘« Gossampins malabarica Bombacaceae 27 ‡ß‘π¥Õ°¢“«·≈–·¥ß - - 28 ®«ß (‡∑æ∏“‚√) Cinnamomum cassia Lauraceae 29 ®—π∑πåÀÕ¡ Mansonia gagei Sterculiaceae °Õß°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ° °√¡æ≤— π“°“√·æ∑¬·å ºπ‰∑¬·≈–°“√·æ∑¬∑å “ß‡≈◊Õ°