sachhaymienphi.com- dot-pha-suc-sang-tao

["\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ecd r\u1eeda. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng cho ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbng theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngang. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u01b0 duy v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2212 nh\u01b0 k\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u1eaft d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n hay k\u1eb9p gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11% v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. H\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi 97% c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u00fap d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u201c\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tu\u1ed1c-n\u01a1-v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c g\u1ed3m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129, que ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1i ph\u00edch c\u1eafm, g\u00f3t gi\u00e0y, c\u00e1i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, que \u0111o, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn gi\u1ea5y trong m\u00e1y sao ch\u1ee5p, \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1eady n\u1eafp, c\u00e1i ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, b\u1ed9 quay s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i,\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e1m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111inh m\u0169. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf s\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng?","Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e1m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111inh m\u0169, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1eafn c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf s\u00e1p ra s\u00e0n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng nh\u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111inh m\u0169 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a \u0111inh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng chi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111inh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap cho c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghim chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ean. (C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.) H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i F trong c\u00e2u sau: FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u00e1u ch\u1eef, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef F trong t\u1eeb \u201cof\u201d. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ngh\u0129: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 \u1edf ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh m\u00e0!\u201d. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. George Westinghouse t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf s\u00e2n sau th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean s\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Igor Stravinsky t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 l\u1eafp ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Petrushka. Trong h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m m\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eadt ra, n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng","\u0111\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 xem d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. H\u1ecda s\u0129 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i h\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Georges Seurat v\u00e0 Paul C\u00e9zanne \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y sang m\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trung gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Seurat v\u00e0 C\u00e9zanne tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201cd\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m\u201d li ti \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129.","Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho Seurat v\u00e0 C\u00e9zanne ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi. Theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n \u2212 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 \u2212 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u1eeda xoay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a c\u00f4ng s\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda xoay r\u1ed3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: \u25aa C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u0103n. \u25aa D\u00f9ng tay \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m c\u1eeda chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u25aa L\u00e0m t\u1eeb k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn qua. \u25aa M\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1eeda xoay. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u201cD\u00f9ng tay \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m c\u1eeda chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d g\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd sinh ra b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1eeda m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1eeda xoay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y. T\u00e1ch c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda xoay th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eeda. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p M\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trau d\u1ed3i l\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ghi ch\u00e9p hay trong m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, do ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p tin m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Leonardo da Vinci nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, Leonardo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf","th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd t\u1edbi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng, xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eb7n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Edison Leonardo da Vinci l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Edison \u0111\u00e3 minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. D\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a da Vinci, Edison nghi\u00eam t\u00fac ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda cho t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong 3.500 cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1931 sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen sau cho \u00f4ng: \u25aa Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y sang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1900, l\u00fac c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft m\u00e0 Edison \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1ecb suy s\u1ee5p v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty theo h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xi m\u0103ng Portland, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft. \u25aa M\u1ed7i khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, Edison xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 hay c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Edison ch\u1ecdn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n \u2212 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u2212 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1eafn chung v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u25aa Edison th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi nhanh nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ni\u1ec1m h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00fang trong s\u1ed5 tay. \u00d4ng t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i","quen quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi Edison, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u25aa Edison c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1c. Theo Edison, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i (truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u00e1y h\u00e1t (ghi \u00e2m), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i ra phim \u1ea3nh (ghi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh). S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Walt Whitman, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gieo trong \u00f4ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u phong b\u00ec. C\u00e1c phong b\u00ec n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p, Whitman gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nhi\u1ec1u phong b\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi, Whitman l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn ra nhi\u1ec1u phong b\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay \u0111i\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong phong b\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y \u00fd, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u201cth\u00eau d\u1ec7t\u201d ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m th\u00eau \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p: 1. Thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy nh\u00f3m, do b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay do b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra. 2. Ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay, trong m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh hay tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ghi nh\u1edb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kinh doanh, nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi,\u2026) trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0a","ra b\u1ea3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tham kh\u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau. 3. Khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed7i khi tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t: 1. Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 2. Khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 hay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. 3. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb hai hay nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu \u00fd, t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gom nh\u1eb7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. Henry Ford, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho H\u00e3ng xe h\u01a1i Ford, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Khi l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, George Mandler, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (mind mapping). Ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5p \u1ee7, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh.","R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 gieo th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd song song trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00e0o trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t suy ngh\u0129 \u201cch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3: \u25aa Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u25aa Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 duy. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m khai sinh s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u2212 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u1ed9i v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, A th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o khi n\u00e3o x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh, trong khi B th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o khi n\u00e3o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin.","Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gieo th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, Frank Wilczek c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i Princeton, New Jersey \u0111\u00e3 suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ea1i g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm hoi \u201cth\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d. \u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u2212 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00f3e l\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Archimedes c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (hay kh\u00ed) b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong n\u00f3 khi \u0111ang m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng trong b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y ra ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c g\u00ec v\u1eeba k\u00eau l\u00ean \u201cEureka!\u201d (T\u00ecm ra r\u1ed3i!). Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Henry Poincar\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Darwin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i khi \u0111ang \u0111i xe ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c","c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh ch\u1edbp ch\u1ee3t l\u00f3e s\u00e1ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc di\u1ec5n ra n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i hay suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh\u201d, s\u1ef1 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y coi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed treo b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u00f3c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tr\u00ed n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o tr\u00ed nh\u1edb d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do. Ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9. Khi b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111i, ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Suy ngh\u0129 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ecfa \u0111i t\u1ef1 do theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang va ch\u1ea1m, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft","h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 sang tr\u00ed n\u00e3o \u00fd th\u1ee9c, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee3t l\u00f3e l\u00ean. \u0110\u00f4i khi ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ed n\u00e3o c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi do ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169. Khi kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n, cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 do t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Melvin Calvin. Khi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i trong xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edd v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m xong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c v\u1eb7t, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn h\u00f3c b\u00faa trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 quang h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng cacbon tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, h\u00e3y th\u1eed th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 cho v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. L\u00e0m cho l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p\u2026 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft: \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u00f3 trong v\u00f2ng hai ng\u00e0y\u201d. D\u00e1n l\u00e1 th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t n\u00f3 \u0111i. H\u00e3y qu\u00ean l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3. M\u1edf n\u00f3 ra sau hai ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, vi\u1ebft \u1edf cu\u1ed1i l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u201cH\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00fac b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d. S\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, khi b\u1ea1n th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch xa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khi b\u1ea1n ng\u1ee7. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Balzac, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf: n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u00f4ng ng\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng giai \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, Johann Sebastian Bach, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra ch\u00fang m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabm l\u00ean ch\u00fang m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Thomas Edison \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ngay sau khi th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.","H\u00e3y th\u1eed b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i ng\u1ee7. D\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc. Vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng. Qu\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u1ee7. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t \u201cch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft Ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ed \u1ea9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. C\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. T\u01b0 duy m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy linh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c do h\u1ecd \u0111i theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n sau. H\u1ecd: \u25aa Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u25aa T\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u25aa L\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p. \u25aa Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u25aa Cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5p \u1ee7 trong m\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y \u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n II s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi m\u1ebb cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00f9y \u00fd, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau.","CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 4 T\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi m\u1ebb Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Scientific Genius (Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc), nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Dean Keith Simonton c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California t\u1ea1i Davis cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i b\u1edfi h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc: cogito \u2013 \u201ct\u00f4i ngh\u0129\u201d \u2013 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau\u201d; intelligo, t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb cong \u0111i). Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdc theo c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh.","S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c tri gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Einstein, E=mc2. Einstein kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Einstein m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p\u201d trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean t\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Jacques Hadamard \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945. V\u1edbi Einstein, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh Lego, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 hydro v\u00e0 oxy. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u00ean. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng th\u00ec n\u1ed5i, t\u1eafm n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ta th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n hay \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. B\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i lu\u00f4n \u1ea5p \u1ee7 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1448, Johannes Gutenberg k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u00e9p r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 d\u1eadp ti\u1ec1n xu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng in Movable type , gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c in \u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc gen hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Gregor Mendel. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Edison v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eafc song song v\u00e0","d\u00e2y t\u00f3c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, hai \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. H\u00e3y coi tr\u00ed n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t kem v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00eca n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean tr\u00ean kem v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nghi\u00eang b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng. Sau khi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kem c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 r\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf. Khi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u00ed n\u00e3o, n\u00f3 \u0111i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh, n\u00e3o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e3nh. Khi ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169. Th\u00f4ng tin theo l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n c\u0169 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u0169, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u0169 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00eang b\u00e1t kem v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc (th\u00f4ng tin) ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang t\u1edbi cho b\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1a theo m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 khuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u00e0y. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a da Vinci","Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Leonardo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t (\u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eaft, m\u0169i,\u2026). Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoanh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i, m\u1edbi l\u1ea1.","T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Theo \u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 theo suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ta suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Mona Lisa, b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong tranh. Th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (Th\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh) v\u00e0 th\u1eed c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u2013 B\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u00faa Jesus trong b\u1eefa \u0103n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng 12 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi Leonardo v\u1ebd b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, khung c\u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.","Leonardo da Vinci ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i t\u00e1ch ra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng (th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y coi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n b\u00e0i (c\u01a1, r\u00f4, b\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e9p) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eed c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a da Vinci, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. 2. T\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ra b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng. Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201dC\u00f3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn?\u201d 3. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mong mu\u1ed1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa, b\u1ea3ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 10 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, m\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 10 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 10 t\u1ef7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3. 4. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1ea5y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng r\u1eeda xe mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 lau r\u1eeda\u201d v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c","\u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c lau r\u1eeda\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau r\u1eeda\u201d, \u201cthi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n kh\u00e1c\u201d. \u00d4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra n\u0103m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh m\u1edbi: S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (\u201ct\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u201d, \u201cch\u00f3\u201d, \u201cb\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i\u201d, \u201cb\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt\u201d, \u201cm\u00e1y s\u1ea5y\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh doanh m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eafm cho ch\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u1eadu cao \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ef3 c\u1ecd ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, g\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ch\u00fang. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00f3 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u g\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u x\u1ea3. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eafm r\u1eeda cho ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau r\u1eeda v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 r\u1eeda xe tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i. N\u0103m s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra 3.125 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu 10% s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch th\u00ec s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i 312 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra. Khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i","c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang. Khi b\u1ea1n chia m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng suy \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1edbi. Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Wolfgang K\u00f6hler \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf xa t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, K\u00f6hler cho con kh\u1ec9 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng treo nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i l\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh con kh\u1ec9, n\u00f3 th\u1eed d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y chu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t con kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00ec con kh\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con kh\u1ec9. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i. Theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (A, B v\u00e0 D c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nhau v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00e1i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi C). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ba t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ea5t ng\u1edd\u201d (surprise), \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y\u201d (line) v\u00e0 \u201csinh nh\u1eadt\u201d (birthday) khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c\u201d (party). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd\u201d (surprise party), \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i chung\u201d (party line) v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c sinh nh\u1eadt\u201d (birthday","party). Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda xe, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eafm cho chim. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef con chim \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2i v\u00e0 t\u1eafm r\u1eeda nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng (r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda xe). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eafm s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng con chim b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i do n\u1ea1n d\u1ea7u loang tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn con chim \u0111ang ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n do b\u1ecb gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eafm. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cm\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb\u201d, \u201clo\u1ea1i bao b\u00ec\u201d, \u201cs\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n k\u00e8m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb th\u00eam v\u00e0o\u201d. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lon ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb c\u00f3 n\u1eafp b\u1eadt, ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1ch tay, su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n, k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf mayonair v\u00e0 d\u01b0a g\u00f3p, b\u00e1nh quy ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb l\u00faa m\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00eca \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u Canola cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u00f3i tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam c\u00f3 gia v\u1ecb \u00edt b\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ed1t. C\u00f4ng ty th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. C\u00f4ng ty th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, gi\u00fap m\u1edf ra g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u00f9ng l\u00fac xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi.","Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Les Demoiselles d\u2019Avignon (Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u00f9ng Avignon) c\u1ee7a Pablo Picasso \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra cho Picasso c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. Khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, Picasso c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft d\u00e1n. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Henri Poincar\u00e9 tin r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u00edch nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 chia c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c","\u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n sau khi chia nh\u1ecf c\u1ea1nh nhau trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n chia, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn bao nhi\u00eau t\u00f9y th\u00edch. G\u1ee3i \u00fd, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. (Xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.) N\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eed nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1edf Midwestern mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, b\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0: \u25aa C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u25aa C\u00e1ch thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u25aa C\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mong mu\u1ed1n. \u25aa C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd n\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (\u201cchu\u00f4ng\u201d, \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201ct\u00ecm n\u01a1i che ch\u1edf\u201d, \u201cth\u00f4ng tin\u201d) v\u1edbi \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y","\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng) rung chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u00e2m s\u1eb5n b\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \u25aa C\u00e1ch thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u25aa C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u25aa C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i","\u25aa C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u25aa C\u00e1ch g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eed nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh v\u1ea1n hoa, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh pha l\u00ea v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1eafc c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Khi b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh pha l\u00ea v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh v\u1ea1n hoa v\u1eady. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a Suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi hay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n tin nhanh, m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00eam. Fred Smith \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t nhanh Federal. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. 1. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d, \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00ec?\u201d. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. 2. Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch","v\u1ee5, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u2026 Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n cho l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. 3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hay thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. 4. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, Internet, in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 danh m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch kinh doanh \u0111ang in c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kinh doanh th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a, ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i","t\u1eadp th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hay chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. N\u00eau ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i r\u00fat ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 trong h\u1ed9p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh, h\u00e3y r\u00fat ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ba \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb trong h\u1ed9p; li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb g\u1ee3i l\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u201cthi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cl\u1ee3i \u00edch\u201d, \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u201d. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ebb, h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb g\u1ee3i ra. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u201cthi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cl\u1ee3i \u00edch\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng\u201d khi x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3.","\u0110\u1ecdc qua m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm\u201d, \u201cg\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m g\u00e2y qu\u1ef9 cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n Alzheimer. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn kinh doanh x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c v\u00e9 s\u1ed1, l\u1ec5 trao gi\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Jacques Hadamard \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u1eaft r\u1eddi m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o g\u1ee3i l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y c\u1eaft r\u1eddi m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. William James qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Newton l\u1ea1i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Darwin l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i th\u00edch nghi nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang: 1. Thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. 2. Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb nh\u1ecf. 3. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. Nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c chung. 4. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c chung (th\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1). Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. 5. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb b\u00ean n\u00e0y qua b\u00ean kia. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. 6. C\u1eaft t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u0103ng gi\u1ea5y. M\u1ed7i b\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.","7. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u0103ng gi\u1ea5y s\u00e1t b\u00ean nhau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau Khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1ec9 khi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hai h\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebb. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi. H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Gregory Murphy c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Illinois y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u201cr\u1ed7ng\u201d, \u201ct\u00fai\u201d v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang \u201cr\u1ed7ng t\u00fai\u201d. H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201cm\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n\u201d. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Murphy, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u201cr\u1ed7ng t\u00fai\u201d, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00fai\u201d n\u00f3i chung hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u201ctr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng\u201d. \u00dd ngh\u0129a thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e0ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi l\u1ea1:","Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean Ch\u1ecdn 20 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o, \u1edf nh\u00e0, \u1edf c\u01a1 quan hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra khi \u0111ang xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed1. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111ang \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Smithsonian, hay \u0111ang ng\u1eafm m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch 20 v\u1eadt b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n xem. T\u1ea1o hai c\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb1m b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y (xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u1ed9t b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u1ed9t b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y trau chu\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p minh h\u1ecda \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sau: \u25aa K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u00e1y th\u00e1i m\u1ecfng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay khi th\u00e1i. \u25aa Ch\u1eadu t\u1eafm v\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eadu t\u1eafm cho em b\u00e9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u00f5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3nh tay t\u1eafm r\u1eeda cho b\u00e9. \u25aa K\u00ednh r\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh r\u00e2m, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc","c\u00f9ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. \u25aa Kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ng\u1eeba c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kem thoa l\u00ean da gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 da tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i b\u00faa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ed5 \u0111inh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00fat ch\u00ec k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c t\u1ea9y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t n\u1eafp nh\u1ecf g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1eadt n\u1eafp lon \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t lon soda ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n? H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con v\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t con th\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con v\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con th\u1ecf do c\u00e1i m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a con v\u1ecbt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tai th\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. Albert Rothenberg, trong cu\u1ed1n The Emerging Goddess (N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng gian\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt","h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 Leonardo da Vinci, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Henry Moore, Claes Oldenberg v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c n\u0103m 1927 c\u1ee7a Klee, Physiognomic Lightning, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp: m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sinh ra t\u1eeb hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Rothenberg \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Newton \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 khi quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o \u0111ang r\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i cho \u00f4ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o \u0111ang r\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u00f4ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Rothenberg \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Newton k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Sigmund Freud \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u00e0i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u00e2m l\u00fd, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7m. Khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1c xa nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra hai danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1","v\u1eadt: m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch kia l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u201cgi\u1ecf \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1eb7t\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cm\u00f4n b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5\u201d g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho \u00f4ng ta s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ecf \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1eb7t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 40 inch, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u1eeda. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ea9n khi ch\u00fang \u201cn\u00e9m\u201d v\u00e0o r\u1ed5. Khi r\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y, k\u00e9o m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea3i r\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o r\u01a1i ra. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn hai v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn hai v\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m. L\u1eadp ra hai danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh hay \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn \u201cph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u00f4 t\u00f4\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 sau: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u201ct\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f3a c\u1eeda t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a cao c\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u201ct\u1ea5m che c\u1eeda s\u1ed5\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cdi chuy\u1ec3n\u201d h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m che c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng l\u00ean hay h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng minh. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ecdn ra hai chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c","kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 thao). Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ra th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1edbi. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau (m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m nha khoa v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n), li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kho l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp ph\u00f2ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n dang d\u1edf. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. X\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y th\u1eed nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1eeb Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Paul Valery tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kia, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ra k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.","X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. T\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ed9t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u1edf c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u00e3y th\u1eed nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111ang ganh \u0111ua v\u1edbi nhau. Danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cl\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng \u2013 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a\u201d g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban; \u201cgi\u1ea3m c\u1ea5p \u2013 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a\u201d g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, \u201cgi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u2013 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p\u201d \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau tan. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eeb theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00f4ng ty m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb hay c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y hay t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201ckhuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201ckhu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d, \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d, \u201cd\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p\u201d, \u201cc\u00f4ng ty\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y\u201d. H\u00e3y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u00fap ch\u00fang xu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hai t\u1ea5m, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. \u201cKhuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u2013 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i","h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u201cNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u2013 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u201d g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u201cH\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u2013 c\u00f4ng ty\u201d th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb (5-10 t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a. Danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do (vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ea7u). Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb trong danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eed c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh Thinkertoys: A Handbook of Business Creativity for the 90s (\u0110\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy: S\u1ed5 tay s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong kinh doanh c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 90). T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i\u201d (toys) v\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 duy\u201d (think), Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i t\u01b0 duy\u201d(think toys). Ti\u1ebfp theo, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee5m \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i cho t\u01b0 duy\u201d (Thinking Toys) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy\u201d (Thinkertoys). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Danh s\u00e1ch A g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch B g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.","K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb \u201ckhay th\u1ee9c \u0103n\u201d v\u1edbi \u201c\u0103n\u201d g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng khay th\u1ee9c \u0103n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng khay th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 protein c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i, cung c\u1ea5p cho gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng J. Bronowski \u2013 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n The Ascent of Man (S\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi) \u2013 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cThi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. N\u0103m 1979, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Alan Guth b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u2013 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u1edf c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 \u201cch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. Inflation theory (H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn (so v\u1edbi n\u00f3, \u201dbig bang\u201d [v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn] ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i). N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Greory Chaitin c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi","ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 100 pound n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u1eb7ng 200 pound. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xung quanh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho nhau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y th\u1eed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang v\u00e0o hai c\u1ed9t, A v\u00e0 B. Ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. Chia ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hai t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng theo hai c\u1ed9t. N\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t A v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u1ed9t B. Th\u1eed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. H\u00e3y xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy nh\u00f3m, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia vi\u1ebft ra n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb trong im l\u1eb7ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ng\u1eeda l\u00ean b\u00e0n. Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi b\u00e0n, xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t r\u1ed3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong im l\u1eb7ng trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 Leonardo de Vinci tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng tin vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o ra hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, th\u1eddi gian\u2026) tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cB\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea3? Ti\u1ebfp theo, th\u1eed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c.","Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la cho m\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t xu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201cM\u1ed9t xu cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u201d. H\u00e3y mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m hay m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng), ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u00e0o m\u00e1y. Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a theo m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo r\u01a1i ra (2 \u0111\u00f4-la cho m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c, 5 \u0111\u00f4-la cho m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, 100 \u0111\u00f4-la cho m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\u2026). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, tha thi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u xa tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. SIL SIL l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cli\u00ean t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d. SIL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy vi\u1ebft do H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Batellle t\u1ea1i Frankfurt, \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong im l\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00eau ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0: 1. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 2. Hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecdc to m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. 3. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. 4. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba.","5. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u201cX\u00e1c ch\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i si\u00eau th\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 trong nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n g\u00f3p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e2u\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e2u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea1nh nhau s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy m\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c k\u00ecm h\u00e3m. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c ch\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o\u201d sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i theo nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. Nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong 5-10 ph\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u (nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e2u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng H\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. Trong cu\u1ed1n Creating Minds (S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n), Howard Gardner \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft: n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n, Einstein \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, Mileva, v\u00e0 Michaellangelo Besso, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Einstein c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Besso \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec suy \u0111o\u00e1n Mileva c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Einstein. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 say \u0111\u1eafm g\u1eedi t\u1edbi b\u00e0,","Einstein t\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ch\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap kh\u01a1i d\u1eady nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t phong ph\u00fa. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Pablo Picasso v\u00e0 Geoge Braque \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ecda s\u0129, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 30 n\u0103m. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o h\u01a1n, Picasso ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Braque t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong bu\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy nh\u00f3m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ng\u00e0nh, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c,\u2026 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 t\u01b0 duy t\u00ecm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh ba t\u1ed5: r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, kinh nghi\u1ec7m trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m; ho\u1eb7c theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc SIL. T\u01b0 duy n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u00e0 chia nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i (suy lu\u1eadn) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i (tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 logic; nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1ee9ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn bay b\u1ed5ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 phi logic. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc SIL \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng logic v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng phi logic. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c","Nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. H\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang. Ravi Shankar t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u00e2m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Paul Klee h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u1ec3, tranh v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng. Salvador Dali h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c Nature Morte Vivante c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd ra v\u00e0 x\u00f3a \u0111i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi Leonardo da Vinci g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Machiavelli, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Italia, t\u1ea1i Florence v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1503. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi: \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Roger Masters c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Dartmouth suy \u0111o\u00e1n Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho Machiavelli kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, Machiavelli \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Leonardo v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00f3e l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Jonas Salk, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vacxin lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb tr\u00ed n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng hay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi ba \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh hay ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ecfi nha s\u0129, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed,\u2026. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. L\u1eafng nghe ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian sau, h\u00e3y th\u1eed h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hay c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o trong \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.","\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Robert Busen, nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t minh ra chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n quen thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y trong l\u1eeda ga \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, Kirchhoff, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft. G\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e1t \u00f3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh, h\u00e3y m\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng tham gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y m\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tham gia bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. Chia nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng k\u1ef9 do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd, n\u00f3 h\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3 ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nam ch\u00e2m theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4n m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft ra.","CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 5 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o thi\u00ean t\u00e0i th\u00ec ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ec1 nhau \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecd \u201cn\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n\u201d r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p thi\u00ean t\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong minh h\u1ecda tr\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau, h\u00ecnh B c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh A. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, hai h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu c\u1eaft h\u00ecnh A ra b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00edt v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh B. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh A nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh B l\u1edbn h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00ecnh ph\u00eda sau c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh c\u1ea1nh nhau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh (b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc) nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ta v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang (kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec5 \u00f4i thiu theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean","k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u00f9a thu. L\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u khi thu sang. B\u1eaft \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\u201d k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201cchi\u1ebfc nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng minh\u201d. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u khi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. Nh\u1edd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c (nh\u01b0 m\u00f9a thu), kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y \u201ch\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Leonardo da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ra. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1ng tro t\u00e0n, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean b\u00f9n hay \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. \u00d4ng h\u00ecnh dung m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay, da Vinci vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi \u00f4ng n\u00e9m nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n. Ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Leonardo t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng l\u00fac ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2n vang. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n lan to\u1ea3. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201cs\u00f3ng\u201d. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 nghe th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Leonardo ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean minh h\u1ecda chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh vi v\u00f4","h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. Leonardo da Vinci ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u1edf trong n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch xa nhau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. Trong m\u00f4n b\u00f3ng bu\u1ed9c , qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 treo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ed9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng xung quanh c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng l\u00e2u, s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng s\u1ebd n\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edn. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n b\u00f3ng bu\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hai v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u00fap n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Samuel Morse. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi b\u1ecb rao b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp \u00e2m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp \u00e2m cho ng\u1ef1a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i theo chu k\u1ef3. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nikola Tesla c\u0169ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng quay b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quay (trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 xoay chi\u1ec1u, v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00e0o ng\u01b0 \u2212 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi th\u00e9p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng ng\u0169 s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o ng\u01b0. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o ng\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed carbon canxi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea5n vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o g\u1ed1m si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f3t p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n khi b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t. T\u01b0 duy kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc","Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, hai h\u00ecnh A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt B. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam h\u00ecnh C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh D... Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng (xem h\u00ecnh A ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 cho. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 sang m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00eam v\u00e0o hai h\u00ecnh (C). T\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh B v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh C s\u1ebd cho ta k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh D. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 (C) kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng (D). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c (B) th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng (A). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft.","Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa h\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u2212 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u201ctuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u\u201d. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7. DuPont \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i v\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nomex. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m khi nhu\u1ed9m. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y bay) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu DuPont kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i m\u00e0u. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng DuPont \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh Nomex v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ea7m m\u1ecf\u201d trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng \u2212 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Nomex. V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edn\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ea7m m\u1ecf\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p. Suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1ch \u201cch\u1ed1ng\u201d nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 m\u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i","Nomex khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y do v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m l\u00ean lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ao t\u00f9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan di truy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ngu ng\u1ed1c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft phong ph\u00fa cho ph\u00e9p ta t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cng\u1ea7m\u201d. Einstein \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u201cs\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ea7m\u201d trong c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bay b\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1edbi. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Khi ta d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1edd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 xa x\u00f4i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng mong \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy \u201ck\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201cs\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ea7m\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng"]