sachhaymienphi.com- dot-pha-suc-sang-tao

["ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1918 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng phong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cs\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n (v\u0169 c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng). H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: 1. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch chung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u01a1n?\u201d. 2. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u00e1m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thu c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang trong c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t ba t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u00f2n th\u1eeba l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n. 5. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00f2ng hai ph\u00fat. 6. Ti\u1ebfp theo, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n tu\u1ef3 th\u00edch. 7. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u1eef h\u01a1n ba t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. 8. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, logo, \u00e1o ph\u00f4ng, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, v.v\u2026","M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, 1. Chia nh\u00f3m ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. 2. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed9p c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch. 3. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ecdn ra n\u0103m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e0n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. 4. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra (nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u0103m t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 5. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. 6. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n danh s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi n\u0103m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. 7. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1edf Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o m\u1edf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u2212 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng nom nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb1ng sau t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb hay s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.","Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1edf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc to ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ecdc to n\u00f3 l\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u00e1n n\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho t\u1edbi khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. Trong su\u1ed1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u201clu\u1eadt hai b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n\u201d. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho nh\u00f3m th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1edf l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m m\u1edf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cL\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt chi ti\u00eau?\u201d. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd, v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u00edch n\u00e3o KJ Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Howard Gruber \u2212 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Geneva \u2212 cho bi\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea3y ra trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i. S\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng hay t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft","h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. Gruber c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o theo nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. M\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u00e3o ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1 lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m. Jiro Kawakita, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Tokyo, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u00edch n\u00e3o m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kami \u2212 kire ho, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1p\u201d. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1p\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u Kawakita cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 KJ. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt KJ, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u \u0103n th\u1eeba. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trung l\u1eadp? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan? v\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra?","Ngay khi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 khi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ngu\u1ed9i n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u \u0103n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y, v.v\u2026 Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt KJ bao g\u1ed3m: 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi quan t\u00e2m chung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, chi ph\u00ed, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, c\u1ea1nh tranh). A. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1, vi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb sao cho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecdc to m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00ean. D. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed1ng th\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc to nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan. E. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau: \u25aa C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u25aa Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 chung chung","\u25aa Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. F. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chung. B\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con. B\u1ed9 t\u00ean mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u0169. Kawakita tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng khi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. 2. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb, vi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra 100 t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. A. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m thu c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb n\u00e0y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecdc to m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean.","C. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc to l\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. D. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn chung. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean bao h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u201cB\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y?\u201d C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00ean h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean xem c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. NHK M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i l\u00e0 NHK. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y do Hiroshi Takahashi thu\u1ed9c C\u00f4ng ty Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n","(NHK) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh tung c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. NHK g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau: 1. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft ra n\u0103m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. 2. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. 3. Thu c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. 4. H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1edbi g\u1ed3m hai ho\u1eb7c ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00f2ng 30 ph\u00fat. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. 5. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3ng \u0111en ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. 6. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m m\u1edbi g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n Leonardo da Vinci th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi","nhau. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf M\u1ef9 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, Walt Disney v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Steamboat Willie. Disney mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 phim \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed3ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Walt Disney \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u00f2ng v\u1ebd theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u01b0\u1edbt qua m\u00e0 v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1eddi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cb\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n\u201d. B\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 trong quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Disney cho c\u1ea3 phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 phim h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng phim v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u01b0\u1edbt qua \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. B\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Disney v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Walt Disney \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n. Mike Vance \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u00edch n\u00e3o. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung do Walt Disney h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y ra nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng","b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i ch\u00fang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n: 1. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c g\u1eafn t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi\u201d. 2. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u201d m\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u00e1n n\u00f3 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u201cm\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. 3. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u201cc\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u00e1n ch\u00fang l\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cm\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u201d, \u201ct\u00ean g\u1ecdi\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d, \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1\u201d, \u201cki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i\u201d, \u201cth\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.\u201d S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. 4. T\u00ednh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay khi bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00ednh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. X\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch n\u00e3o. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang r\u1ebd n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 danh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. 5. K\u00edch n\u00e3o. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. D\u00e1n m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 ra cho nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00ean g\u1ecdi\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cTh\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, v.v\u2026","Trong su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n, xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho t\u1edbi l\u1ea7n sau. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f9a t\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd m\u1ea3i m\u00ea v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u201c\u0111i nh\u1edd xe\u201d c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. 6. T\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u1eef cho b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch lu\u1ef9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u201cm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d. H\u00e3y coi t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 7. \u1ea4p \u1ee7 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho t\u1edbi khi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. K\u00edch n\u00e3o t\u00ecm ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5p \u1ee7 v\u00e0 sinh s\u00f4i. 8. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: v\u00e1n c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e2m, b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng, b\u1ea3ng \u0111en ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00eam, xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf b\u1edbt hay di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 xung quanh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111inh r\u1ec7p, k\u00e9o, b\u00fat \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ebb, gi\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 d\u00ednh hay nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf. Khi t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u00e3y ch\u1ee5p m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00f3 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.","","L\u1edcI T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Darwin v\u00e0o \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. Khi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i b\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Darwin cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi John Gould. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Gakapagos, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu chim s\u1ebb cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 John Gould. \u0110i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Darwin, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Gould. Trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Darwin n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Gould \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u00ean. Gould c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i con s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nhau: Th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i chim khi Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Gould ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con chim kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Gould t\u01b0 duy theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 khoa gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111ang m\u1edf ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n Darwin, \u00f4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ecd chim s\u1ebb. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1edf d\u0129 Darwin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy sinh s\u00f4i (productive). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Gould s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu kinh","nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh (reproductive). N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n v\u1edbi Darwin, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng coi nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a John Gould. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ea9m sinh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129), ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y suy ngh\u0129 \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Khi suy ngh\u0129, ta bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eb9p g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 sai. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean ti vi trong th\u1eddi gian cao \u0111i\u1ec3m (c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1 vui m\u1eebng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean ti vi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n? Li\u1ec7u ta c\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1eed nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ta ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed xem c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00fa v\u1ecb, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Peter Watson v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Watson s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ba s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau: 246","Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c cho quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e2u tu\u1ef3 \u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t. Qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n s\u1ebd b\u1eadt ra \u201cb\u1ed1n, s\u00e1u, t\u00e1m\u201d ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00e0 Watson s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u201chai m\u01b0\u01a1i, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u201d hay \u201cb\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i hai, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u201d, v.v\u2026 \u2212 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Sau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Th\u1ef1c ra, quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 Watson \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u; \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 1, 2, 3 hay 10, 20, 40 ho\u1eb7c 400, 678, 944. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Watson c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 1, 2, 3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ho\u1eb7c v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 5, 4, 3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00e2m hay d\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u quy lu\u1eadt h\u1ecd \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Watson \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ed1ng nhau cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 sai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n sai. Trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta.","T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy sinh s\u00f4i\/n\u1ea3y n\u1edf\/ v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i: \u25aa T\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn mong mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. \u25aa T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xa h\u01a1n. \u25aa T\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Khi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u1edb t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u01b0a \u2212 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 mang m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o m\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 h\u00e9o hon, khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfc xe ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ng\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb kinh t\u1edfm r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1i ch\u00f2i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda. Trong ba ng\u00e0y sau, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng m\u01b0a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i l\u1edbn \u2212 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. V\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00ecm \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi xem \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a hay tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng v\u1eabn kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ba ng\u00e0y ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft. \u201c\u1ed2, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c anh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, m\u01b0a v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c anh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00e1c anh.\u201d","T\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Khi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n."]