sachhaymienphi.com- dot-pha-suc-sang-tao

["th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb, v\u1eadt, b\u1ee9c tranh, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, b\u00e1o, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ea7m c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n n\u00e9m m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u00f3ng lan to\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3. Vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng s\u00f3ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 hay n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi s\u00f3ng lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ra xa, m\u1ed7i s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ri\u00eang. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\/ kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u00e9m vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: s\u00f3ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201ct\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d sinh ra m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean s\u1ecfi b\u1ecb n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00f3n tay l\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb (m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9a n\u0103m t\u1eeb) trong \u201cB\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i t\u1eeb s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. R\u00fat ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. C\u1eaft b\u1ea3ng Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p hay b\u00ecnh c\u00e1. Th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o trong t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. R\u00fat t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.","T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n khi m\u1edf ra, \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 trang n\u00e0o, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trang n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trang 22), sau \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean). M\u1edf cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f2 xu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c (t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, b\u00e1o, s\u00e1ch, danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, v.v\u2026). Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00f3n tay t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trang. Ch\u1ecdn danh t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n tay b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4. Nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng \u201ct\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0: M\u0169i Apollo 13 X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng Vi\u00ean x\u00fac x\u1eafc Ch\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n 1. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng t\u1eeb. V\u1ebd b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i, ti\u1ebfp theo li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: \u25aa H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau \u25aa M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo khuy\u00ean \u25aa C\u00f3 hai l\u1ed7 m\u0169i \u25aa C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb g\u00e3y","\u25aa C\u00f3 l\u00f4ng b\u00ean trong \u25aa Th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft 2. T\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. T\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t. Khi t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u xa nhau, l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u2212 logic s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi cho t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0: \u25aa \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u25aa \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0\u2026? \u25aa Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u25aa \u2026 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1edfi\u2026.? \u25aa Gi\u1ed1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00ed d\u1ee5: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u201cm\u0169i c\u00f3 hai l\u1ed7 m\u0169i\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cn\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1edbi hai ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n khi \u0111i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. 3. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hay b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u0169i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1eedi\u201d. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa \u201cng\u1eedi\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cn\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u00f4 t\u00f4\u201d g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t b\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00f9i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i hoa cam th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra phanh xe. Hay n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i qu\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u0103ng c\u00f3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng, v.v\u2026 \u2022 V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hay b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u201cApollo13\u201d. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LEM l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed5 sung kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p trong t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u00fd n\u00e0y v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1","\u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p trong nh\u00e0 khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong chi\u1ebfc xe. 4. T\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng \u201cT\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh n\u0103m ph\u00fat khi b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m ph\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y sau th\u1eddi gian n\u0103m ph\u00fat c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xa h\u01a1n s\u1ebd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. James Watt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u1ea5m tr\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. George de Mestral c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch l\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra Velcro . Arthur \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi keo d\u00ednh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n post-it . M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 IBM trong l\u00fac quan s\u00e1t con g\u00e1i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i x\u1ebfp g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u00e0n ph\u00edm m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi b\u00e0n ph\u00edm g\u1eadp d\u00e0nh cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u00e0 \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1i ghim gi\u1ea5y. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng ghim gi\u1ea5y. B\u1ea1n m\u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ghim n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1eafc ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i. Chu\u1ed7i ghim n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ghim ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00f3c v\u00e0o nhau. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ghim n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ghim b\u1ecb l\u1eafc th\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ghim c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Khi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i ghim c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt ghim. T\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y xem m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o hai v\u1eadt A v\u00e0 B c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p AB s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ba v\u1eadt A, B, C c\u00f9ng l\u00fac s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p AB, AC, BC. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o 4 v\u1eadt, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n","k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o hai v\u1eadt. B\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean","","","","","","","","Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ecdng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng hay trong l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea3y theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 theo d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u0169. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m gh\u00ecm d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 duy c\u0169, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 duy c\u0169 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi James Crocker \u2212 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 NASA \u2212, khi k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n Hubble g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m NASA m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t. Khi \u0111ang t\u1eafm trong nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm v\u00f2i hoa sen c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c, James Crocker \u0111\u00e3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n Hubble v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn c\u00e1i v\u00f2i hoa sen v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e3n ra v\u1eeba t\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y v\u00f2i t\u1eafm hoa sen v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh Hubble v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh tay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Hubble t\u1eeb tai h\u1ecda th\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean:","1. T\u1ea1o danh s\u00e1ch n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf trong H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Smithsonian, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay hay \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n th\u00edch th\u00fa. 2. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia. 3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v.v\u2026). 4. Xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 5. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 6. Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 7. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. 8. Xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i b\u1ed9 suy ngh\u0129 Jean \u2212 Jacques Rousseau, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe c\u0169ng \u0111i b\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i khi \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i tr\u00ean n\u00fai Berchtesgaden, Sigmund \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Wilhelm Fliess, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Berlin, r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1n The Interpretation of Dream (L\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u1eebng","b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00ec h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y \u0111i b\u1ed9 quanh nh\u00e0 hay ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt) b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111i b\u1ed9. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00e2y nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb con, vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t t\u00fai th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t chai n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i, v.v\u2026) Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y k\u00edch n\u00e3o suy ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch). \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o tuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201c\u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 duy\u201d quanh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi h\u0169 m\u1eadt ong \u0111\u00e3 mua trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh m\u1eadt ong l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt ong s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat g\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng con g\u1ea5u s\u1ebd tr\u00e8o l\u00ean c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt, l\u00e0m rung c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u0103ng kh\u1ecfi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt dao \u0111\u1ed9ng\/rung, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0a cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n xung quanh d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u1eafc b\u0103ng ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Max Planck, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb suy lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed9t t\u00fai v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng (b\u00ecnh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, h\u1ed9p gi\u00e0y, ng\u0103n k\u00e9o b\u00e0n, t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v.v\u2026) nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, tranh bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda, b\u1ee9c tranh, b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd ngh\u1ec7ch ngo\u1eb7c, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u1eeb hay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd li\u00ean k\u1ebft.","Khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y l\u1eafc h\u1ed9p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00fa v\u1ecb gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ADN. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ADN \u2212 m\u1ed9t axit nucleic truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin gen trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u2212 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ADN b\u1ecb n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. M\u00e3 ADN s\u1ebd kho\u00e1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i F. Scott Fitzgerald c\u0169ng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef hai v\u1eadt, hai \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac trong \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo \u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn do nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i cho \u00f4ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u201cNg\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. Khi b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd hai ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng) t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. B\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed B\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o hay t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1edf t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trang sau: \u25aa Rao v\u1eb7t \u25aa Trang b\u00eca \u25aa X\u00e3 lu\u1eadn \u25aa Th\u1ec3 thao \u25aa Truy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi","\u25aa Kinh doanh \u25aa Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u25aa Th\u1eddi trang. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean khi b\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c trang b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t trang kh\u00e1c, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc qua v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch 5 \u2212 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. L\u1ea5y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhau qua t\u01b0 duy \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: \u201c\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? M\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?\u201d. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t m\u1edbi trong khu v\u1ef1c khai qu\u1eadt. C\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 thu\u00ea 5.000 \u0111\u00f4-la. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Khi l\u01b0\u1edbt qua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed du l\u1ecbch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Eskimo v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng l\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebft. \u00d4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c khai qu\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t l\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t. Khi b\u0103ng tan, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m ngay ng\u1eafn trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc qua b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Eskimo c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e0i rulet, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i may r\u1ee7i. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u00e0i rulet v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thua. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i may r\u1ee7i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thua. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1eafng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00e1n n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1eafng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn khi b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u01a1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.","S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 duy. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 theo c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y b\u1eadt t\u1eaft ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u00f3ng n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd nh\u00e1y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tinh vi trong tr\u00ed n\u00e3o m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. L\u1ea5y t\u00e1m t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cch\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9\u201d, \u201c\u00f4 thu\u1ef7 tinh\u201d, \u201cch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u\u201d, \u201cphin c\u00e0 ph\u00ea\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1i h\u1ed9p\u201d, \u201cb\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d, \u201cga ra\u201d). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd chia nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean theo \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ch\u1eef o\u201d, \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, \u201cNh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\u201d, v.v... H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Max Ernst \u2212 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c \u2212 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u00e0n g\u1ed7 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y l\u00ean tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t than ch\u00ec (graphit) l\u00ean tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Khi b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch c\u00e2m di\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng d\u1eaft ch\u00f3 \u0111i d\u1ea1o.","C\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang gi\u1eef s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y x\u00edch ch\u00f3. Khi c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb gi\u1eadt t\u1edbi gi\u1eadt lui, b\u1ea1n \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y x\u00edch c\u0103ng v\u00ec con ch\u00f3 c\u1ed1 ng\u1eedi c\u00e1i n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Con ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y x\u00edch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ch\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y x\u00edch. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Einstein cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n Sigmund Freud d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do\u201d trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi cha c\u1ee7a Freud qua \u0111\u1eddi, Freud \u0111\u00e3 vu\u1ed1t m\u1eaft cho cha, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai Do Th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m khi cha qua \u0111\u1eddi. Freud \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vu\u1ed1t m\u1eaft cho cha v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng nh\u1edb t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft vua Oedipus \u2212 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 x\u00e9 m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u201cvu\u1ed1t m\u1eaft\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m Odis (Osdipus Complex) \u2212 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ghen v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia (d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e9 trai v\u1edbi m\u1eb9, do \u0111\u00f3 ghen v\u1edbi b\u1ed1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi b\u00e9 g\u00e1i). L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Freud khi cha qua \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi trong \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cvu\u1ed1t m\u1eaft\u201d v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, m\u00e0u xanh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i loanh quanh suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u00e0u xanh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat (b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i b\u00fat, \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi, v.v\u2026), sau \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang. Hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan","T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c quan s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Sau khi t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed d\u00f9ng n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n m\u1edbi. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00ednh. Khi \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: 1. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan: nh\u00ecn, ng\u1eedi, n\u1ebfm, s\u1edd, nghe. 2. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1c quan tr\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng suy ngh\u0129. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u00ecn. M\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n? Nghe. Ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Treo m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh hay m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ebfp s\u1ebd rung chu\u00f4ng. Ng\u1eedi. \u0110\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ecfng ng\u00f4, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfm. \u0110\u01b0a m\u00f3n pizza \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p nhau, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0m m\u00f3n kem n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m n\u00f3ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean hoan. S\u1edd. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ea5m h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.","Th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1c quan nh\u00ecn. Tranh, \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o trong cu\u1ed1n National Geographic (T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd b\u1ee9c tranh m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y xung quanh ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng m\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n n\u00f3. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t minh r\u00e3nh ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. 1. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua v\u00e0i t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. Ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hai hay ba b\u1ee9c tranh th\u00fa v\u1ecb. 2. Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f3. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb, v.v...). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 n\u00eau ra. 3. B\u1eaft m\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 4. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.","T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u00ecm ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh con cua l\u1edbn, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kinh doanh t\u1eeb con cua. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201cCua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.\u201d \u201cCua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn 360 \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d \u201cCua di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d \u201cCua c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c.\u201d \u201cCua l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0103n th\u1ecbt. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 xem t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d Danh m\u1ee5c tranh D\u00f9ng danh m\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: 1. \u0110\u1ecdc to nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m n\u00f3i to suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. 2. \u0110\u01b0a cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9a t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. 3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh.","4. Sau \u0111\u00f3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc to c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 5. Khi m\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169. Ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00eau ra. 6. Thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd \u0111i d\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt hay c\u1ea3nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00e0o. D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0103n \u00fd h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim \u0111ang ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn b\u00ecnh c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa c\u00e1 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng h\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c tranh, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd \u0111ang coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong khi nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u201cc\u00e1ch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau\u201d. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em Danh h\u1ecda chuy\u00ean v\u1ebd phong c\u1ea3nh J.M.W. Turner \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 con nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a cho b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00fat m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang v\u1ebd. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, \u00f4ng g\u1ee3i ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung chung, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang v\u1ebd theo \u00fd th\u00edch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Turner xin nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u00e3o r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Leonardo da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Turner \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh quen thu\u1ed9c.","N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hay b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 con nh\u1ecf, h\u00e3y th\u1eed d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Turner. \u0110\u01b0a cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang v\u1ebd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung chung. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ty hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u00fang v\u1ebd c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang g\u1eb7p nguy hi\u1ec3m. Hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u00edch. L\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xa x\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 v\u1ebd b\u1ee9c tranh sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan nh\u00ecn, nghe, ng\u1eedi, s\u1edd, n\u1ebfm. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf hay","nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng chung cho sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, danh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y n\u00eau t\u00ean n\u0103m lo\u00e0i chim m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 chim k\u00e9t, chim gi\u1ebb c\u00f9i, chim s\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i b\u1ea1n \u00edt th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3 n\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u Phi, chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trung t\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, chim k\u00e9t bay, \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con k\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t con chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t. C\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Walt Disney s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 ba l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng ba vai ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: k\u1ebb m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.","Trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ao \u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng m\u1eb7c cho tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bay b\u1ed5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e9m nh\u1eefng m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u00f3ng vai m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edbi l\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ebft\u201d nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Li\u1ec7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 sinh l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y \u0111\u00f3ng vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh theo nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn sau: 1. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n cho b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc g\u00ec gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? K\u1ec3 ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed7 xe. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u25aa T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed7 xe v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p ti\u1ec1n cho ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. \u25aa T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe r\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n. \u25aa T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc xe s\u1ebd \u201cb\u1ed1c h\u01a1i\u201d khi h\u1ebft gi\u1edd tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n. 2. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3:","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe r\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n. 3. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3ng vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc? Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n? R\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc: \u25aa Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d. \u25aa Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi ph\u1ea1m \u201cth\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c\u201d. \u25aa Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n. \u25aa H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y tr\u1ed1ng. 4. R\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201cNh\u00ecn\u201d: l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed7 xe? \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh dung. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed7 xe v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00edp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng lithium \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed7 xe. Khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe r\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7, th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u00e1. 5. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3ng vai nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201cch\u1ecdc h\u1ed1\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 th, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd t\u1ed5ng thu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.","B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea1o ra th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n Gi\u1eefa m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khi b\u1ea1n m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap ta c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft ngoan c\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Newton d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Einstein l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i khi NASA s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Newton \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u con thoi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch n\u00e3o suy ngh\u0129 theo nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n: 1. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u00eca, gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u00e1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ea3ng. 2. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n. C\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1ebd l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc trong hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba ph\u00fat. 3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u00eca hay gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n. 4. Thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e1n xung quanh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m. 5. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m.","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ea1ch ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u (m\u01b0a, m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1, tuy\u1ebft, b\u0103ng, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, v.v...). C\u1ea7n g\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ebb lau c\u0169ng gi\u00fap lau s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f9i s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 lau s\u1ea1ch? 6. T\u01b0 duy theo nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn mong mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n qua vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n ao \u01b0\u1edbc? H\u1ecfi xem nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 thi n\u00e0o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 \u201db\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u201cc\u00f2n b\u1ea1n\u201d, \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y camera d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 lau s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp titan oxit. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean l\u1edbp s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay kh\u00f4ng. 7. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u01a1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp titan oxit l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a natri. H\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean k\u00ednh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ax\u00edt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed natri, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 titan oxit. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 t\u1ef1 lau s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i ph\u00e2n chim l\u1edbn. 8. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. 9. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 v\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ebdo v\u00e0","ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef c\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khu\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea9y c\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d c\u00e1 l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i cho \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1 lu\u00f4n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng ta ngh\u0129: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong b\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 \u0103n th\u1ecbt?\u201d. C\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ngon. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0103n th\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hy sinh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sau \u0111\u00f3. M\u00e1y bay gi\u1ea5y Khi b\u1ea1n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bu\u1ed9c hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a hai s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y treo t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 hai s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb treo c\u00e1ch nhau qu\u00e1 xa, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ecm n\u1eb1m ngay trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft \u2212 chi\u1ebfc k\u00ecm n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00fam bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafc. Khi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong hai s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y, chi\u1ebfc k\u00ecm n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1ee9 hai trong khi ch\u1edd s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat.","T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t trong hai s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Sau khi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00edt ra \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u00dd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y, h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ng\u1ea7m c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ra ba hay b\u1ed1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd\u201d. T\u1ef1 do li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd n\u1ea3y sinh trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, v.v... D\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f2ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea3y sinh trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1edd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u201cg\u1ee3i \u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay gi\u1ea5y. Sau m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u00e9m nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u201cg\u1ee3i \u00fd\u201d kh\u1eafp c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y \u201cnh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd\u201d m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.","Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4. \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u1edf gi\u1eefa ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 con g\u00e0. Con g\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4. Con g\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4 \u2212 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn ngang \u2212 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00f2ng qua ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Con g\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 che \u201ccon m\u1eaft tr\u00ed \u00f3c\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111i th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i trong tu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 20 chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ed7 b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u00e8n xanh. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i t\u00f4i l\u00e1i xe th\u1eb3ng, \u0111i quanh khu nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 l\u00e1i t\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfc xe n\u00e0o \u0111i qua c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con g\u00e0, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb che m\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd trong h\u00e0ng xe qu\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i, thay v\u00ec \u0111i v\u00f2ng qua khu nh\u00e0. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t hai v\u1eadt c\u0169 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t kia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan. B\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u2212 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.\u201d C\u00f3 60 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba v\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 60 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3:","K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft 1. Chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u201cc\u1eeda t\u1ee7\u201d, \u201cm\u00e1y \u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u201cngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, \u201ckhay \u0111\u00e1\u201d, \u201ckhay th\u1ee9c \u0103n\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u00e8n b\u00ean trong\u201d, \u201cduy tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u201cth\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e0u s\u1eafc\u201d. 2. Ch\u1ecdn hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201ct\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1eeda t\u1ee7\u201d. 3. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Hai ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cb\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1. Nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda. 4. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i n\u00ean.","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda. M\u1ed9t \u201cc\u01a1n l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y\u201d kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh xoay v\u00f2ng b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2i phun th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n c\u1eeda b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng cho kh\u00ed \u1ea5m v\u00e0o. Chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. 5. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc hai v\u00e0 ba. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan nh\u1eb1m th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5 sung. Chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u1ecd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ct\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh\u201d b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u201cngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 nhanh tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u201ctrao quy\u1ec1n\u201d cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201ctrao quy\u1ec1n\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201ct\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d, \u201cki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u201d, \u201cm\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u2212 \u201cTrao quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d \u2212 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cam k\u1ebft, uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 do.","CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 6 Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ranh gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 trong ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy ngh\u0129 theo nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong khi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1872, Richard Dedekind l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ef3 th\u00edch. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 2, 3 hay 4, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 3\/4, 118\/119, hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 t\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. \u201cKh\u00f4ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp\u201d nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ludwig Boltzman nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u0129nh trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, b\u1edfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft. H\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p George Seurat c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y khi \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ebd tranh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m li ti v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c Sunday Afternoon on the Insland of la Grande Jatt (Chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o la Grande Jatt). B\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5m m\u00e0u, m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1\/8 inch. Th\u1ef1c ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 50 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00f3, m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m m\u00e0u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. M\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y quay phim c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison v\u1edbi 16 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u0129nh l\u00e0m m\u1eaft ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c","Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi Dedekind, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi. H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t quy t\u1eafc, tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh pizza v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n \u2212 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u2212 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cWEST\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef n\u00e0y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 cho gi\u1ea3i tennis \u0111\u1ea5u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n. C\u00f3 117 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp bao nhi\u00eau tr\u1eadn cho s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u00e0y? Khi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p trong t\u1eebng tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba ra do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ednh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ef1c ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 116 tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c trong to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 116 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 thua m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 116 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh xem x\u00e9t. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3","Trung \u0111\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft do nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch gh\u00ea g\u1edbm. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u00f4n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111em ch\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ecdc l\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 xoay ngang, l\u1ed9n t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i, l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb sau ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00ecnh A l\u00e0 hai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng song song b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hai \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean. Trong h\u00ecnh B, nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y \u0111o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong h\u00ecnh A, c\u00e1c g\u00f3c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Khi Henry Ford \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u00fd ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o","ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi Al Sloan tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n General Motor, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e1i n\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng mua tr\u1ea3 g\u00f3p. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu l\u00ean thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh. Thu\u1ed1c ng\u00e2m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp bao ph\u1ee7 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb5n nh\u1ee5i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy. Thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u201cl\u00ean\u201d vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u201cra kh\u1ecfi\u201d thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0129a quay. L\u1ef1c li t\u00e2m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu xung quanh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc David Bohm tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac suy ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u xung kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau. Ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n song song v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1ng tr\u1edf cao. Theo l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec hai vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi t\u00ednh xung kh\u1eafc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec Edison c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u xung kh\u1eafc n\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Edison lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t giai thoai th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 Edison l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xin vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0103n tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t s\u00fap. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam gia v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ebfm, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o l\u00e0m. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd v\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian luy\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111en tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111en. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c \u0111en. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111en s\u1ebd","\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam t\u1eeb \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Bertrand Russell \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kinh ng\u1ea1c khi ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi qua vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o. Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 chua, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gen l\u00e0m c\u00e0 chua ch\u00edn. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu gen n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e0 chua ch\u00edn nhanh (m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111en), c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gen n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1eafng). H\u1ecd sao ch\u00e9p gen \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gen n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e0 chua ch\u00edn ch\u1eadm, nh\u1edd v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e0 chua ch\u00edn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sau: 1. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 sau: A. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n vi\u1ebft tay, hay n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9. B. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n.","C. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. 2. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: A. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0o. B. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. C. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0o. 3. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: A. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta mua h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1 v\u00e0 rau. \u00d4ng ta s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u00f3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. T\u01b0\u1edfng: M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n th\u1eddi gian thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian (ph\u00fat) c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c thanh to\u00e1n theo gi\u00e1 g\u1ed1c. C. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd mang theo \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng (t\u00fai picnic, v.v...) v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n ph\u00ed thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. 4. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f3n \u0103n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u00f3 theo \u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp.","Ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u25aa Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u whisky l\u1ea1nh pha b\u1ea1c h\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u whisky l\u1ea1nh pha b\u1ea1c h\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1ea1c h\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u25aa Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed7 xe. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed7 xe \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ed1n \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 xe tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u. \u25aa C\u00e1c nha s\u0129 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nha khoa. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nha s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nha khoa. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nha s\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 mua d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nha s\u0129 gi\u1eef h\u1ed9 trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan. \u25aa Gh\u1ebf cao. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh gh\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec7m d\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf. Th\u1ef1c ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed hai c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u01a1i c\u1ea7u l\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1eadu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eafng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u01a1i n\u1eefa. Khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eadu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vui, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01a1i? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy theo l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u1eadu ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p d\u00f9 thua. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi dung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh tranh. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 xem hai c\u1eadu b\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1eef qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u bay qua bay l\u1ea1i trong bao l\u00e2u.","C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u25aa G\u1ecdi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 ba. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi. \u25aa Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u25aa Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u25aa C\u1eaft danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00fai gi\u1ea5y. R\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u00fat nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u00fd. Ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y photocopy l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c sang h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e1y cho c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea1nh tranh. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e1y cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 cao quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo hai c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng hai c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng hai c\u00e1ch thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau (c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng) gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.","\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn H\u00e3y xem b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng: T\u1ea1i sao g\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tay ph\u1ea3i trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111i quanh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ta \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u0169i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: N\u1ebfu m\u0169i b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc, m\u0169i b\u1ea1n trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tay ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y. V\u1eaby tay ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng. Tay ch\u1ec9 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang v\u1eaby tay ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tay ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, ch\u00e2n \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 5.050. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: 1 2 3 4 5.................................................95 96 97 98 99 100 100 99 98 97 96..................................................6 5 4 3 2 1 Vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 1, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng m\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p s\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n cho b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 101. V\u1eady t\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 100 x 101 = 10.100. Ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng hai c\u1eb7p s\u1ed1 v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i chia cho 2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 5.050. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y s\u1ed1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n","ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n, chia trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u00edt b\u1ecb sai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan s\u00e1t qua nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u00f5ng nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i cho ta cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ta \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch m\u00ecnh\u201d. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m: 1. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u201cT\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?\u201d 2. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. \u201cGi\u1ea3m doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?\u201d 3. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00edt cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi h\u01a1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho kh\u00e1ch, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00edt \u1ecfi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u00e9m, v.v... 4. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. L\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 10. 5. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n\u201d l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.","6. Quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cL\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi?\u201d L\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00fap ta nh\u1eadn ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi h\u01a1n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch k\u00edch n\u00e3o Khi k\u00edch n\u00e3o, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra bao nhi\u00eau \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ef3 th\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t hay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc, \u201cph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Khi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y quay v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt do m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n loa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i\/c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc, \u201cc\u01a1 ch\u1ebf li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m\u201d l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Van \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Thomas Watt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edf m\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch k\u00edch n\u00e3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111ang mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb 5 n\u0103m cho nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1eb9 con). \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ea7n:","Chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3ng vai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 si\u00eau c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). N\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nguy c\u01a1 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd (nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u00ecm ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m suy ngh\u0129 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn. Ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft trong t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi dung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Einstein. L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u00f4ng th\u00edch s\u1ef1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung ho\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u1edd m\u1edd th\u1ea5y. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda","Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Albert Rothenberg, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 duy Janusian\u201d \u2212 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Janus, Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 v\u1edbi hai m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u01b0 duy Janusian l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh dung hai \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c hay m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb9 b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c con th\u00fa c\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Rothenberg th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c. Einstein, Mozart, Edison, Van Gogh, Pasteur, Joseph Conrad v\u00e0 Picasso \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Vincent Van Gogh trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 \u1edf Arles (Bedroom at Arles) \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn hai h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Pablo Picasso c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Khi nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Les Demoiselles d\u2019Avignon (C\u00e1c qu\u00fd c\u00f4 v\u00f9ng Avignon) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ta th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt T\u00e2y \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda c\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i coi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong tranh nh\u01b0 Picasso \u0111\u00e3 coi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, Einstein c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u1eeba chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Einstein \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u0129nh. Einstein nh\u1eadn ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c trong v\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n. Einstein n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng. (\u00d4ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho","ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Newton v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng.) Louis Pasteur c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch qua m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con g\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Khi nh\u1eefng con nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y vi-r\u00fat m\u1edbi qua ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, nh\u1eefng con kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft trong khi nh\u1eefng con nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng. Khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt, Pasteur nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1nh cho con v\u1eadt b\u1ecb l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd d\u00f9ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Rothenberg c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t minh h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c cho l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy Janusian trong c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Niels Bohr. Bohr tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ng\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129, tr\u00ed \u00f3c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Borh t\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ed5 sung, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u2212 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phun m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1t v\u00e0o ch\u00fang. C\u00e1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ch\u00fang. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u1eeba \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u1eeba \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y tan. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tan ch\u1ea3y, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu tham v\u1ecdng. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3","l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Bi\u1ec3n Nam v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. Suy ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1edd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p nhau r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p th\u00e2n m\u1eadt (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay) gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (h\u1ecdp, \u0103n t\u1ed1i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7c, nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, v.v\u2026) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. 1. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. Bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Niels Bohr b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t electron c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y hay n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, Bohr \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c hay m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1?\u201d v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh dung hai m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c song song t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1. 2. T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch n\u00ean g\u1ed3m hai t\u1eeb, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:","M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u2212 Mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau \u2212 Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Chu k\u1ef3 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng theo m\u00f9a \u2212Ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb \u2212 T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2212 S\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd Gi\u1ea3m ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u00e0nh t\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u00e0nh t\u00ean s\u00e1ch S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. 3. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con h\u1ea3i \u00e2u \u2212 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t cao. 4. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. John Hopfield l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ee3i thu\u1ef7 tinh, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft xoay v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean nhau theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hopfield kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, v\u1eeba k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u1eeba h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1- ron th\u1ea7n kinh kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i thu\u1ef7 tinh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201c\u0103n th\u1ecbt\u201d. Nh\u1eefng con h\u1ea3i \u00e2u t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n s\u1eb5n do ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n."]