["C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u00e9p\u201d b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 PMI (plus, minus, interesting) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. PMI l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd\u201d v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi Edward de Bono, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m xung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t PMI r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n song \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn trong b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft theo c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac. L\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u201cquy\u1ebft t\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PMI, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Thay v\u00ec dung tr\u00ed \u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec nay b\u1ea1n dung n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PMI: 1. K\u1ebb ba c\u1ed9t d\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 Plus (c\u1ed9ng), Minus (tr\u1eeb) v\u00e0 Interesting (th\u00fa v\u1ecb). 2. \u1ede c\u1ed9t Plus, ghi ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. 3. \u1ede c\u1ed9t Minus, ghi ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.","4. \u1ede c\u1ed9t Interesting (th\u00fa v\u1ecb), ghi ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9t Plus v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t Minus. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ghi \u1edf c\u1ed9t Interesting gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m\u201d. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PMI, b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t PMI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t trong ba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u25aa B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. \u25aa B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. \u25aa B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t Plus, Minus v\u00e0 Interesting, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba ghi ra v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a","m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng: \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t t\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f9ng nhau \u201ck\u00edch n\u00e3o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u00f4 m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 v\u1edbi bao s\u00fang. Bao s\u00fang \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo \u1edf th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng. Chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea3i l\u00ean l\u00f2 xo. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 \u1edf c\u00e1n \u00f4 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1eadt chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00ednh v\u1edbi bao s\u00fang. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PMI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. Trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfc \u00f4. Khi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ch\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 v\u00e0o k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u, k\u00e9o c\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xoay x\u1edf th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c tuy kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, song c\u0169ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i theo l\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra logic th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1ed1n l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, 3M \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i keo d\u00ednh d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i keo n\u00e0y c\u1ea3. Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111em ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu keo d\u00ednh n\u00e0y. Song, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i keo d\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 anh ta \u0111em m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Anh ta quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i keo \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, anh \u0111i g\u1eb7p ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i keo h\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tung ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u0103ng Scotland. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Song, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc","c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Qua nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Gestalt \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ebd quay sang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c. \u1ede nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 C\u00e9zanne v\u00e0 Rodin th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm t\u00f2i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111em v\u1ebd hay tr\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u2212 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Nh\u00f3m L\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m (C\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao) v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t PMI v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c PMI \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t PMI ch\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf \u0111i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u2212 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed1p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u2212 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng mua m\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3","ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Do thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede Nairobi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe b\u1ecb m\u00f2n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i x\u0103ng-\u0111an. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i x\u0103ng-\u0111an n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1p \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i x\u0103ng-\u0111an ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u1edf Nairobi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00edch \u1ee9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Darwin. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u0103ng-\u0111an \u1edf Nairobi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 xa h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi? T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u201cs\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5\u201d m\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong. H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng theo quy lu\u1eadt. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c l\u1edbn, hay nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c l\u1edbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, hay t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c l\u1edbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1u c\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tam gi\u00e1c l\u1edbn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tam gi\u00e1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c hay ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau.","C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y xem tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0i Walkman. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Sony c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u00e2u b\u0103ng \u00e2m thanh n\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m tay. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y nghe nh\u1ea1c \u00e2m thanh n\u1ed5i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng t\u1eeb song l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m. H\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00ean gi\u00e1. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, Masaru Ibuka, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Sony, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb b\u1ecf d\u1edf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00d4ng nh\u1edb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Sony khi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tai nghe nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m tay. \u201cS\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc tai nghe v\u1edbi m\u00e1y nghe nh\u1ea1c ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m?\u201d Ibuka \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y nghe b\u0103ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ai c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau khi Ibuka t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai trong h\u00e3ng Sony tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. Ibuka kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i \u0111i theo c\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi trong gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. Ibuka \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Chi\u1ebfc Walkman tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n","t\u1eed b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Sony, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tai nghe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ibuka \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Michelangelo, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng David, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1463, ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn \u1edf Florence y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng cao 5m. Hai nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf d\u1edf. V\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft h\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Song, h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, do v\u1eady nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. 40 n\u0103m sau, Michelangelo \u0111em t\u1eeb trong kho kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m David tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 can tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00f2ng 18 th\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam v\u00e0o hay s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Rad Lab c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ra-\u0111a. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1944, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ra-\u0111a m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch s\u00e1u d\u1eb7m (g\u1ea7n 10 km). Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u0103ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ra-\u0111a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ra-\u0111a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f2 s\u00f3ng theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xen ngang n\u00e0y cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi SCAMPER (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf trang 107).","Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201ct\u00e1i ch\u1ebf\u201d m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Francis Bacon \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy quy n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Aristotle th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u01b0\u1eddn mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc. Hay nh\u01b0 Henry David Thoreau \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Hin-\u0111u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1ef9. Hay nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Frank Lloyd Wright \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Prairie Home r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn may trong kinh doanh khi \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 3M \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i keo d\u00ednh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng tin (b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3ng tin t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c). Song, lo\u1ea1i keo n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Tuy v\u1eady, Arthur Frye, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc 3M, v\u1eabn t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u0111ang h\u00e1t trong \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd North Presbyterian \u1edf St.Paul, Minnesota, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Ch\u1ea5t d\u00ednh n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u00e1ch. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n ghi nh\u1edb. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. \u1ede h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng hoa \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 2, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m ba h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef A. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ba h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef B. M\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i (r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i) ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.","C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t tia th\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u201cEureka\u201d (ti\u1ebfng h\u00f4 khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1956, anh em nh\u00e0 Jacuzzi ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm xo\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp. H\u1ecd \u0111em b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi\u1ebfc nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3. 50 n\u0103m sau, Roy Jacuzzi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm n\u00e0y, s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm sang tr\u1ecdng. Trong khi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp (m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh A) th\u00ec Roy Jacuzzi l\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm xa x\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00e3 cho tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p n\u00e0y. Khi d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft t\u00e3, h\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o nhau. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 4 m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1t kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o nhau cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3","H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f4i tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i, ch\u1ed1ng tay xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 lau nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Sau khi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u00ean v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa \u00fd ngh\u0129a, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec. C\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eafn b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m che l\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1eabu chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n do ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd. Qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain (V\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i), Betty Edwards ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1ebd c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1m t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t quanh m\u1ed9t thi th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m s\u00f5ng so\u00e0i, b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ecfn con trong khi nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u2212 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u1edbi ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u2212 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u minh ch\u1ee9ng cho r\u1eb1ng: so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng","tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m Kenton Wiens, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Arthur Erickson v\u00e0 Martin Skalski, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Pratt. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Skalski kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1edbt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1eabu m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n \u2212 \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a\u201d \u2212 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1o m\u01b0a hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 n\u1eefa. Hay nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1n s\u00e1ch coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u00e1ch \u2212 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n) th\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. Tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u00e0m cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129 chi ti\u1ebft trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Thay v\u00ec ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp tr\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, Darwin \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn: \u201cCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1: 1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. V\u1eady, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. 2. \u201cK\u00edch n\u00e3o\u201d m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt: \u25aa G\u1eedi v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u25aa Ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t \u25aa B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t \u25aa \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u25aa Gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3 \u0111i 3. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i: \u25aa Thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u25aa Lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng coi \u25aa Ngu\u1ef5 trang \u25aa \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bao quanh \u25aa Lu\u00f4n th\u1eafp \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng 4. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 \u201cch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 n\u00e0y: 5","\u0111\u00f4-la\/1 n\u0103m hay 10 \u0111\u00f4-la\/3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng. Alexander Graham Bell \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cg\u1ee3i \u00fd\u201d b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Sau khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng do r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00f4ng t\u01b0 duy theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m Arthur Erickson, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c theo tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu gh\u1ebf m\u1edbi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, kim lo\u1ea1i hay gi\u1ea5y) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu gh\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy tr\u00ean theo nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o: 1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. 2. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00edt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt.","3. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00edt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. L\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn. 4. \u0110\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u00e2y gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ga-ra \u00f4 t\u00f4. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u00edch th\u00edch \u201cTh\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1eaft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh mi\u1ebfng m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cTh\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d, b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00f3i m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. L\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi \u201cTh\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d, b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9p g\u00f3i. M\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef hay c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i sau khi b\u00e1n ra, v.v\u2026 Li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t tai n\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y (do t\u1edd Nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft M\u1ef9 vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1835): M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ga \u1edf Paterson th\u00ec m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a toa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb g\u00e3y khi\u1ebfn cho toa n\u00e0y b\u1ecb l\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai toa ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c do ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng","Speer, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e1i t\u00e0u, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1m. \u00d4ng ng\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5c toa b\u1ecb g\u00e3y v\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng do b\u1ecb c\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi toa t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed5. \u00d4ng Speer l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u2212 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ee5c g\u00e3y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng toa t\u00e0u b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u2212 song, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Speer \u0111ang l\u00e1i t\u00e0u \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong toa t\u00e0u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0o b\u00ean trong toa b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong toa t\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3? \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u toa t\u00e0u v\u1eady nh\u1ec9? C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Speer l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft do thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i toa xe. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a toa xe l\u1eeda b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a xe ng\u1ef1a ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch \u2212 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng toa xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe ng\u1ef1a ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0u, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh do \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng nh\u1ed5 d\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 xe ng\u1ef1a, phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a toa xe. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c toa t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i an to\u00e0n b\u00ean trong. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1edd Nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft n\u0103m 1887, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1866 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf Massachusetts, New York v\u00e0 Michigan \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 72 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e1i t\u00e0u b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e0u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t cao c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t do \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf toa t\u00e0u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng","n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u2212 xe ng\u1ef1a ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u00d4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u2212 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh ch\u1ea1y d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 80 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 80 c\u1ed9t. S\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Wolfgang Pauli, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra electron chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111ang tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra. Niels Bohrs t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho Pauli r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 chia r\u1ebd h\u1ecd l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. Bohrs \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3. Logic \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 phi logic c\u1ee7a Bohrs. Trong m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi. Paul C\u00e9zanne, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi bao h\u00e0m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u2212 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 duy kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm\u201d. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay l\u1eddi cam k\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hay cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1eeba hay kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng: 1. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 hay th\u1eadt ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sau k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch: \u2022 G\u1eedi thi\u1ec7p m\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u2022 G\u1eedi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng thay cho thi\u1ec7p m\u1eebng \u2022 G\u1eedi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb COD \u2022 G\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u tin nh\u1eafn \u201c h\u00e3y ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 mua thi\u1ebfp cho m\u00ecnh\u201d \u2022 G\u1eedi m\u1ed9t con nh\u1ec7n 2. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch: G\u1eedi thi\u1ec7p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. 3. T\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. 4. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi h\u1ed3n \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i hoa \u1edf ngh\u0129a trang \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u01a1, th\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u0103ng th\u01a1, g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn, v.v\u2026 tr\u00ean b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta giao ti\u1ebfp qua b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ouija (c\u00f3 24 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t que \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9)","5. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0a ra \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u1edf ngh\u0129a trang\u201d. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u01b0u thi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eafm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00e1n\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n hoa g\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a trang. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0; n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n laser ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1, tuy nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u1edf ngh\u0129a trang\u201d ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1edd \u0111i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con nh\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft nghe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gh\u00ea r\u1ee3n. C\u1eadu h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. C\u1eadu kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u1eadu \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t con nh\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh: \u201cNh\u1ea3y!\u201d. Con nh\u1ec7n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1ea3y. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 li\u1ec1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft nghe b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1eadu c\u1eaft h\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con nh\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n. C\u1eadu l\u1ea1i h\u00f4: \u201cNh\u1ea3y!\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y con nh\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a, khi b\u1ea1n c\u1eaft h\u1ebft ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con nh\u1ec7n, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ebfc n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea5y!\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua khi ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, hay khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra trong y t\u1ebf khi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1edbp nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u0111i qua v\u00e0","v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Los Alamos ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch n\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 bom nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, Seth Neddermeyer, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1eadn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch. Anh ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 l\u00e1i ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5 tung v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta b\u00f3p m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 cam b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 v\u1ee1 tung \u1edf b\u00ean trong. Hay khi ta ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1n quay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nhau, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o Seth v\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 khi anh \u0111em gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Oppenheimer c\u0169ng h\u1ed3 nghi v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Seth, song \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch n\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 bom th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean chia nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u00f4. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u00f4. 1. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u00f4: A, B, C v\u00e0 D","2. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u00f4 A m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadt ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 hay k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb. Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Khi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ghi xong \u00f4 A, c\u00e1c t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. 3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u00f4 A v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9i n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean \u00f4 B r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. 4. Nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf c\u1ea3 \u00f4 A v\u00e0 B, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean l\u00ean \u00f4 C r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y cho nh\u00f3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. 5. Sau ba l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed9i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u00f4 D. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u201ck\u00edch n\u00e3o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u xe h\u01a1i h\u01a1n. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft: \u201c L\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng\u201d l\u00ean \u00f4 A. Nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfp theo vi\u1ebft: \u201cG\u1eedi thi\u1ec7p m\u1eebng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sinh nh\u1eadt, Noel v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m","kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00ean \u00f4 B. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 ba vi\u1ebft: \u201cG\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng hoa v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d l\u00ean \u00f4 C. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y hoa v\u00e0o ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00e0nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe v\u1eeba m\u1edbi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 giao xe cho \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Khi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 m\u1edf ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00e0nh l\u00fd, ch\u1ee7 xe b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch rao b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ecd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hay phi l\u00fd th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m: 1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chia nh\u00f3m ra th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. 2. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecdc to v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3? 3. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00ean cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean 1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la. 4. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 ba ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4-la. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp v\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1edfng cho anh ta m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e9. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u00e9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e2u. T\u1ea5m v\u00e9 n\u00e0o th\u1eafng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c, th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i cho th\u00e1ng sau.","5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m. 6. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. 7. Hai nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 cho nhau. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Hai nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3o vai tr\u00f2 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac. 8. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 30 \u2212 45 ph\u00fat, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c. 9. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Th\u00f3i quen t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u00dd ngh\u0129 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00f9a ngh\u1ecbch\u201d v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb con v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Song, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Carl Jung l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ngh\u1ecbch ng\u1ee3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh c\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd khi c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng say m\u00ea r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb con trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c hay t\u00ecm ra h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00e1c","thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb mang trong m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Einstein c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc tr\u1ebb con v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u0103n kho\u0103n t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty n\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i, anh b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u1ee9c \u0103n. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u (l\u00faa m\u00ec, \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, b\u1ed9t, v.v\u2026) v\u00e0o c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra. Ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5m n\u00fat \u201ctr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt mu\u1ed1i\u201d hay \u201cb\u1eefa t\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00e0 t\u00e2y c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f3n ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c cho m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u00f3n g\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n, c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eefa \u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Sau \u0111\u00f3, anh ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec hay m\u00ec \u1ed1ng, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1nh m\u00ec ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc phong b\u00ec k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 si\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m: 1. Chia nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh ba \u0111\u1ed9i. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc phong b\u00ec c\u00f3 ghi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed9i A l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1, \u0111\u1ed9i B l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2, \u0111\u1ed9i C l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n?\u201d","C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2: \u201dT\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1eddi gian, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v.v\u2026)?\u201d C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3: \u201dN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d 2. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i phong b\u00ec. C\u00e1c phong b\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ra ngay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ghi ngo\u00e0i phong b\u00ec. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trong phong b\u00ec. C\u00e1c phong b\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ghi ra c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i phong b\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c k\u1ef9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 k\u00e9o ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ed \u00f3c ch\u00fang ta \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ta chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Lai t\u1ea1o C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1eeb hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian chung, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn: 1. Lai m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi lai X v\u1edbi Y. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi lai \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 cam, hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con tr\u00e2u? Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lai:","\u25aa H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n tr\u1ed9n \u25aa H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda \u25aa H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 cao b\u1ed3i \u25aa H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u \u25aa H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a \u25aa H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt 2. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau: \u25aa N\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? \u25aa Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? \u25aa \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? \u25aa Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u25aa N\u00f3 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c g\u00ec? \u25aa N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi n\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec? \u25aa N\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n? 3. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y. 4. N\u00eau ba trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. 5. N\u00eau ba trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. 6. \u0110\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c lai t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. 7. Xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n","\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. 8. Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 9. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba vi\u1ebft. 10. V\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n \u0103n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 lai \u201cnh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi con m\u00e8o\u201d. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u201csinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1eed m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ra ga xe l\u1eeda. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u00f3 v\u00e9 th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed7i t\u1edd th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n in s\u1ed1 800 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd khuy\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u00f3n qua s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd r\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Khi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ga, b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed \u00f3c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng N\u0103m 1928 khi Alexander Fleming \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00f4ng m\u1edf \u0111\u0129a c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ebb ph\u01a1i c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n. Fleming nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y xung quanh v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed1c, vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c li ti v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi tr\u00f9ng, vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra penicilin, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng coi ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c bao n\u0103m mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \u0111i. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, Ray Kroc \u2212 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u00ean 50 tu\u1ed5i \u2212 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng","t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1n trang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. Khi \u0111ang b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1eefa tr\u1ee9ng khu\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00e1nh hamburger c\u1ee7a Dick v\u00e0 Maurice McDonald. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00e1nh hamburger, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c Kroc nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nhanh \u2212 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. Kroc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n kinh doanh m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00f3 v\u00e0i n\u0103m, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00e1nh hamburger nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nhanh c\u1ee7a anh em nh\u00e0 McDonald. Louis Pasteur l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ng\u00e0nh vi tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Alexander Fleming \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c p\u00eanixilin. C\u00f2n Ray Kroc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh doanh m\u1edbi l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u1edf h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. Fleming kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng do m\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n Kroc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00e1nh hamburger c\u1ee7a McDonald. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Fleming th\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n Kroc th\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea7u may c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. C\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hay s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi.","C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c cho c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hay xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. H\u00e3y in ra th\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hay xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hay n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng sau \u0111\u00e2y: th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ean h\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1eeb b\u1ed1n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 mua h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng Internet\u201d. Sau khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra h\u00e0m \u00fd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i Igor Stravinsky, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hay xu h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebb c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Tr\u00e1o t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eafp ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u00fap xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng theo s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1u t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ghi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (c\u00f4ng ty, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi) l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb. Sau n\u0103m ph\u00fat, thu l\u1ea1i th\u1ebb v\u00e0 tr\u00e1o l\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3: 1. Chia ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ba th\u1ebb cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem","x\u00e9t c\u00e1c th\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo \u00fd th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi nh\u00f3m \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, h\u00e3y x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u1ebb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00ean b\u00e0n. 2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. 3. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebb cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 4. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ba th\u1ebb. 5. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ba t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c.","CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 9 \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Einstein, Heisenberg, Pauli v\u00e0 Bohr, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc David Bohm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd. Bohm nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Bohm cho r\u1eb1ng Einstein v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau. Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i gay g\u1eaft. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd che \u0111\u1eady nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i lo s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngu d\u1ed1t. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n sinh ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Koinonia Einstein v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 minh h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf cho ph\u00e9p t\u01b0","duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Socrates v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Socrates v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn do ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cKoinonia\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u201d. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u25aa X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i\u201d theo ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn\u201d m\u00e0 theo t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c Latin c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng tranh c\u00e3i\u201d, \u201cKh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft l\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1eafng nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.\u201d \u25aa L\u00e0m r\u00f5 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201ctreo\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u201ctreo\u201d ch\u00fang l\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do. Suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. \u25aa Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Koinonia cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chung. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd","ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chung m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i s\u0103n t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m k\u00edch n\u00e3o t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Alex Osborn, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Buffalo, New York, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Osborn l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip hay m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3ng \u0111en v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Sau khi m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch n\u00e3o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn \u0111i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng: m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n A \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u \u0111en) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch n\u00e3o nh\u00f3m trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n B th\u00ec","\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00f2 b\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p. Trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n A \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n B \u0111ang co l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. T\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n B th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n A v\u00e0 B c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc). V\u1eady b\u1ea1n th\u00edch tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m k\u00edch n\u00e3o n\u00e0o? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o theo nh\u00f3m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u201cKoinonia\u201d trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean k\u00edch n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia Jonas Salk \u2212 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i vacxin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t \u2212 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (c\u1ea3 nam l\u1eabn n\u1eef) thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ADN. Tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 James Watson (nh\u00e0 vi tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc), Maurice Wilkins","(nh\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc tia X), Francis Crick (nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 Linus Pauling (nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc). Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u00edch n\u00e3o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u1edbi, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i coi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung n\u00e0o. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u01a1 v\u01a1, \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang r\u1ebd v\u00e0 xa ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00f3m k\u00edch n\u00e3o th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. Vi\u1ec7c coi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n coi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i","chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chu \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy. N\u1ebfu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng che d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u00edt tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n th\u00ec s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u201cgi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng\u201dc\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u201cTreo\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Howard Gruber v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Geneva \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p, cho c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o trong v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y quan s\u00e1t s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. H\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ecd t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kia, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u0111em so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 xem quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, ngu xu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. \u201cSao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c? T\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh cao. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n.","\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ean \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u201ctreo\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u201ctreo\u201d c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, Einstein \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctreo\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ngay khi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft theo c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m trong vi\u1ec7c \u201ctreo\u201d c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00f4ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. \u201cTreo\u201d c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00e8n th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thanh catmi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu d\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111ang b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 xung quanh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u thanh catmi, chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thanh catmi n\u00e0y: khi nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd th\u00ec nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctreo\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft th\u00fac. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u201cV\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng\u2026\u201d, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cV\u00e2ng, v\u00e0\u2026\u201d v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1eeb s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c sang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e3y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro \u2212 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang ngh\u0129, ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Ngay khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf. Ngay khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c \u201cai \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d hay \u201c\u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngu ng\u1ed1c\u201d th\u00ec t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m.","H\u00e3y ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy y\u00ean t\u0129nh gi\u00fap cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Con trai c\u1ee7a Einstein n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o Einstein g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed1n trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Beethoven v\u00e0 Mozart, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y vui v\u1ebb, gi\u00fap \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fa v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n xung quanh ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d, \u201cH\u1ecd s\u1ebd mua lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u00e0o?\u201d, \u201cH\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d, \u201cH\u1ecd s\u1ebd treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o?\u201d Tr\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u0103ng l\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd mua lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 vui \u0111\u00f9a M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Walt Disney ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda t\u00ednh tr\u1ebb con ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n trong kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do Disney \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Disney l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Disney \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vui \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vui \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. S\u1ef1 vui \u0111\u00f9a l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1edbt r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m vui \u0111\u00f9a s\u1ebd d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.","Khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a, ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00e0 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb con v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n Picasso \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 khi \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. Einstein \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 song h\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb vui \u0111\u00f9a. Einstein \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi Piaget r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch n\u00e3o. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t v\u00e0 xa r\u1eddi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1ecfi, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m. Robert Oppenheimer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Manhattan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Oppenheimer kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra qu\u1ea3 bom nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i phong ph\u00fa, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u1edbn lao, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu \u00edch. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng","nh\u01b0 Beethoven nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. N\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay t\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u25aa M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed mang t\u00ednh chia s\u1ebb n\u00e0o. \u25aa Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. \u25aa Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u25aa B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u1ed7ng chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p. Thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra. Khi \u0111ang k\u00edch n\u00e3o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e3y \u201ctreo\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u25aa Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 cho ph\u00e9p tham gia cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. \u25aa \u0110\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 200 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0","li\u1ec7t k\u00ea to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng Guernica, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Picasso, ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 l\u00e0 Picasso \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo th\u1eddi gian. Theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho Guernica nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng khai th\u00e1c t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a 65 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Do Picasso lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi v\u1ebd Guernica n\u00ean b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n theo m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch. H\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean xem trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c? L\u00e0m r\u00f5 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n Sigmund Freud tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, Freud c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00f3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt TQR (Thinker \u2212","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129, Questioner \u2212 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n, Reflector \u2212 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t). B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n TQR v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong su\u1ed1t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (n\u0103m ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 n\u00f3i to nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hay s\u1ef1 gia h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip hay b\u1ea3ng \u0111en v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng ghi nh\u1edb. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh chia s\u1ebb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng. Ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tranh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft hoa, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00fat m\u00e0u. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ea3ng \u0111en theo t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y d\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y d\u00ednh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. Sau khi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u hay m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra do c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng. Khi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m th\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u ti\u00ean hay chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1","Sau khi phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o k\u1ebft th\u00fac, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp ba danh s\u00e1ch sau: nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tinh th\u1ea7n Koinonia cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng chung. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chung cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u00edch n\u00e3o theo nh\u00f3m M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ecda s\u0129 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1eadt th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7u kho\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ecdc William E. Wallace kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Michelangelo trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Sistine v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Laurentian t\u1ea1i Florence, Italia. Michelangelo kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ecda s\u0129 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eafc t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u1ed9 phim, Walt Disney \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cN\u00e0ng B\u1ea1ch Tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y Ch\u00fa L\u00f9n\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Disney trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.","N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, k\u00edch n\u00e3o theo nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft chung. Khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201cidea\u201d (\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng), b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1n m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb to\u1ea3 ra t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m. Vi\u1ebft hoa m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft chung. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cThinking \u2212 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129\u201d kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u201cthink \u2212 suy ngh\u0129\u201d v\u00e0 \u201caccident \u2212 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u201caccidental \u2212 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd\u201d. Khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau t\u1eeb chung. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. (Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201caccident \u2212 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd\u201d, \u201cfresh \u2212 t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi\u201d \u201cwork \u2212 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d, \u201cunconventional \u2212 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7\u201d, \u201cfailure \u2212 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201cthink \u2212 suy ngh\u0129\u201d, \u201cpredictable \u2212 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n\u201d, \u201cbrainstorm \u2212 k\u00edch n\u00e3o\u201d, \u201ctime \u2212 th\u1eddi gian\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cquota \u2212 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch\u201d.)","\u0110a s\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb chung v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb chung v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb chung n\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb chung, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y trong nh\u00f3m. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eed b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang: b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Ch\u00fang ta chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft chung v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Trong khi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Richard Feynman \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i song song v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eedi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb xoay v\u00f2ng quanh b\u00e0n theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111a","m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec1n qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i golf thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng lu\u00f4n v\u00e0o l\u1ed7. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 bom. Horst Geschka v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Batelle, Frankfurt, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2212 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Feynman, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng theo nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i song song t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. Trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m k\u00edch n\u00e3o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin song song. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i k\u00edch n\u00e3o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y: 1. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5. Vi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. 2. Ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 k\u00edch n\u00e3o theo nh\u00f3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00e9t to \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng. 3. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd chuy\u1ec1n ch\u00fang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. 4. N\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u201ck\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft th\u00eam b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u201ck\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec1n ch\u00fang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec1n v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n quanh b\u00e0n.","5. Sau 20-30 ph\u00fat, thu l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u00e1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00ean s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nhau. 6. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00fai nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00ednh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00ednh m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t l\u00ean n\u0103m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch n\u00e3o, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cm\u1ed3m to\u201d nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c hay \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay khi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang cho \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau: 1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng. 2. C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi song song m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. Kho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n thay v\u00ec chuy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb \u201ck\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb trong kho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thay v\u00ec chuy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f2ng quanh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng quanh. D\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip kh\u1eafp ph\u00f2ng (m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y). C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y trong v\u00f2ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 ph\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh \u201cph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m\u201d, xem","c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p trong v\u00f2ng 15 ph\u00fat. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 trau chu\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169. Sau kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat vi\u1ebft th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201cph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m\u201d l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ch\u00fang. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n? V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. H\u00e3y d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh \u201cph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m\u201d v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o. Ba c\u1ed9ng M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau n\u0103m ph\u00fat, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec1n sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay","M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay gi\u1ea5y. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 phi n\u00f3 t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 phi t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y trong 20 ph\u00fat r\u1ed3i thu l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y d\u00ednh. Trong khi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111ang vi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u00e1n ch\u00fang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau \u0111\u00f3: 1. Khi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecdc to t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00ean mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. 2. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung \u1edf b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Khi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 xen c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 hay ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau. 3. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd d\u00e1n m\u00e1c t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 4. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y d\u00ednh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00e1n ch\u00fang c\u1ea1nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 5. D\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean 10 h\u1ea1t d\u00ednh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ednh m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. 6. B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.","S\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft v\u1ecb lai. H\u1ecd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 v\u1ebd t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ai \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1i g\u00ec. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y: 7. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. 8. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. 9. Vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i sau b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay v\u00f2ng h\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. K\u00edch n\u00e3o trong hai tu\u1ea7n M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch n\u00e3o, sau \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p. Sau \u0111\u00f3: 1. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n, t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111em cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat). Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn","kh\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi xung quanh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. 2. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. 3. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m. 4. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp. Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp k\u00edch n\u00e3o theo nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ea7n \u201cK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c\u201d. Nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Igor Stravinsky, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e2n th\u1eddi trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. The Soldier\u2019s Tale (Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a"]
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