sachhaymienphi.com- dot-pha-suc-sang-tao

["5. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u201cduy nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa th\u1eadt ngon v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. 6. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n s\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n \u0103n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00f4ng ty. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y (r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng con h\u1ea3i \u00e2u k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho ch\u00fang c\u00e1), do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. W.J.J. Gordon c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoai t\u00e2y r\u00e1n Pringles. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mi\u1ebfng khoai t\u00e2y r\u00e1n v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec sao cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u mi\u1ebfng khoai t\u00e2y h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng khoai th\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng m\u00f9a thu r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o bao. B\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ed1 nh\u00e9t ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i bao ni-l\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi l\u00e1 \u01b0\u1edbt (\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t), ch\u00fang m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 \u01b0\u1edbt th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi c\u00f3 \u00edt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gordon \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9t khoai t\u00e2y kh\u00f4, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 Pringles b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pin linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u201cpin c\u1ee9ng co gi\u00e3n\u201d. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u201d. V\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00fai r\u00e1c\u201d v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m polyme tr\u01a1. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pin c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p hay cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai nh\u1ef1a. Lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u00e1y camera x\u00e1ch tay, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay, m\u00e1y nh\u1eafn tin, m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u201cy ph\u1ee5c\u201d cho pin, thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc pin d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf.","Quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (2 + 2=?) th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (4) nh\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 4, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 2 + 2, 3 + 1, 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 ho\u1eb7c 9 \u2212 5, 1.239.477 \u2212 1.239.473. C\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 4. Einstein n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec xem thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. Francis Crick v\u00e0 James Watson \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ADN. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (2 + 2 = ?) th\u00ec Crick v\u00e0 Watson \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 4) sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e3y xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ch\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5c b\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta coi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.","B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra, x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed1i ch\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng d\u00e0y c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111i qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. T\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u1ed5i v\u1ebd l\u1edbn qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu ta gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n nh\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y: 1. Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u00e3y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u00ecnh dung b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. 2. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. Bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. 3. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ecf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c 4. H\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea xem m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. 5. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? 6. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang? 7. Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p? B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang? C\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa?","8. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1edbi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. B\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ra b\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy \u201cquay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y lu\u00f4n t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 A t\u1edbi B t\u1edbi C t\u1edbi D v\u00e0 t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p E. V\u1edbi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy \u201cng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d, b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, G, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 theo l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Khi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb G, m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb G t\u1edbi C t\u1edbi D t\u1edbi H v\u00e0 t\u1edbi A. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 H) b\u1ea1n trong t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Nikola Tesla, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng coi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 tua-bin, \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tua-bin v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3 \u201ctrong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi Tesla, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u201cv\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, chi ti\u1ebft hao m\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau khi chi\u1ebfc tua-bin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfc tua-bin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Tesla v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb m\u00f2n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1edbi t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Kh\u00e1m","ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng quay c\u1ee7a Tesla ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e1t minh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u gi\u00fap n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tesla c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc r\u00f4-b\u1ed1t, vi t\u00ednh, khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chinh ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 v\u1ec7 tinh, vi s\u00f3ng, ra-\u0111a, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ronald Reagan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00ed m\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Tesla c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nh\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u00f4-b\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, Tesla c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cv\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. L\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang \u201cv\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Sau \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: 1. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 2050) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. N\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u0103m 2050. 2. L\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u0103m 2050. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. H\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3? Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3? 3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh dung gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.","4. H\u1ecfi xem nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c? Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft. Chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi xung quanh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. 5. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c? 6. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u1eeb Milwaukee t\u1edbi Boston b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb Miwaukee t\u1edbi Chicago, t\u1eeb Chicago t\u1edbi Buffalo, t\u1eeb Buffalo t\u1edbi New York, t\u1eeb New York t\u1edbi Boston. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u t\u1edbi Boston t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian ta mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra khi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u n\u00e0y r\u1eddi Buffalo hay New York v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Chicago. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chia nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf (ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng phong b\u00ec ri\u00eang. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t phong b\u00ec th\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00eau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o phong b\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng phong b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y sang nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o","M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. H\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n pha m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n: \u25aa D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u25aa C\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t \u25aa Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u25aa N\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i trong nh\u1ea5t \u25aa \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u25aa Kem t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra chu\u1ed7i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 sau:","T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u X l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c). D\u1ea5u X bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u1ea5u X cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed9n tr\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung b\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng s\u1eefa thay th\u1ebf kem. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i mua d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tinh luy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t, kem t\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn di chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u X t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady phin c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u1ea3i k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o (g\u00e2y v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng), c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0a. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n","M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 chia s\u1ebb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1edd h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn.","CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 7 Ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c M\u1ed9t n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c hay trong \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c\u201d \u2212 T\u1ea1i sao X gi\u1ed1ng Y? N\u1ebfu X ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao Y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1? Alexander Graham Bell \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a tai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Thomas Edison ph\u00e1t minh ra \u0111\u0129a h\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ph\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m thanh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, anh em nh\u00e0 Wright c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch con chim \u00f3 gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap m\u00e1y bay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea3y qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Pierre Simon Laplace khi \u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Laplace, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Bell \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u1eaft, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i trung t\u00e2m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p quang trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trung t\u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sao c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00f2ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.","Tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m ch\u1edd g\u1ee3i \u00fd hay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Th\u00fa vui trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Philo Farnsworth \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i cho \u00f4ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc ti vi. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, khi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i Idaho, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp \u1edf n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i b\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i cho \u00f4ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng tia ca-t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m \u0111en. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 14 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ti vi. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 hai t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song v\u1edbi nhau. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. S\u1edf d\u0129 ta th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi tr\u00ed \u00f3c ta lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c\u00f4 t\u00f4\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cthay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe b\u1ecb b\u1ee5c\u201d.","Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u201cn\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cthay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe b\u1ee5c\u201d. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201cthay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe b\u1ee5c\u201d, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp? \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m trong thay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe h\u1ecfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1. \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4 t\u00f4. 2. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tay quay c\u00e1i k\u00edch. 3. C\u00e1i k\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 4. Ta-l\u00f4ng l\u1ed1p xe cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. 5. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed1p xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. 6. L\u1ed1p xe d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i\u201d, \u201cd\u00f9ng tay quay\u201d, \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu). \u0110\u00e8n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tay quay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eadp v\u00e0 quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c quay \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n mini. Quay \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp trong 30 gi\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 15 ph\u00fat s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe l\u00e0: 1. Vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp (\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4 t\u00f4). 2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u01b0u pin d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef (l\u1ed1p xe d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef). 3. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ecdc m\u00e0u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e8n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc khi pin s\u1ea1c xong \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay ch\u00fang (ta-l\u00f4ng l\u1ed1p xe cho","bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng qua xi-ph\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, xi-ph\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00f9ng tr\u1ed1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1edbp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf l\u1ed1p xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t khi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng qua xi-ph\u00f4ng. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a hai v\u1eadt trong hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard l\u00e0 E.O. Wilson \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gen ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u201csinh h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Khi Gregor Mendel tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi Brun Society c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u2212 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang nghe m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thay, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed n\u00e3o. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c.","Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Helen Keller khi b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 con v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con chim non, n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con chim tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ngang m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Newton v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u2212 qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o r\u01a1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cnh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong\u201d nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song song K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u1edf \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: 1. N\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ty g\u1ed7 n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cL\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 h\u01a1n?\u201d 2. Ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cB\u00e1n\u201d. 3. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c xa l\u1ea1. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.","4. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea1n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t phong ph\u00fa. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: khoa h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung mini, nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. 5. T\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ty g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e1n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda CAD, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung mini v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ba kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e1n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda CAD \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng s\u00e0n g\u1ed7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng ty g\u1ed7 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u00e0n g\u1ed7 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ki-\u1ed1t d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n, s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u thang g\u00e1c, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thanh ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7u thang t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed. N\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 cao, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed7 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song song ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hay v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201c\u0110\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng NFL, San Francisco 49ers\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u201cb\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c m\u00faa c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u201cm\u00faa ballet\u201d. Ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u201cnh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng\u201d, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c.","H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song song n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed1n hay n\u0103m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. B\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song song Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n Gi\u1edbi ch\u00e2m c\u1ee9u V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt Gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Chi\u00eam tinh Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc M\u00faa ballet B\u00f3ng ch\u00e0y B\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Sinh h\u1ecdc Chim Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en Bowling Ph\u00e9p vi ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00edch ph\u00e2n Ung th\u01b0 Khoa tim Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ca-ri-b\u00ea Ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c N\u1eafn kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Truy\u1ec7n tranh Nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c M\u00e1y t\u00ednh Nh\u1ea3y Nha khoa Sa m\u1ea1c Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 N\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nhanh T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh N\u1ea5u \u0103n C\u00e2u c\u00e1 Bay B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 Nh\u00e0 m\u1ed3 Thu nh\u1eb7t r\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c G\u00f4n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p ph\u1ea9m Hawaii L\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u0103n b\u1eafn S\u1ef1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 IRS C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng Trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n B\u00e1o ch\u00ed R\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Lu\u1eadt Thi h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Mafia","S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Y h\u1ecdc Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Khai m\u1ecf Tu vi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i Tr\u0103ng Phim \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed V\u1eadt l\u00fd Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Olympic Ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd V\u1eadt l\u00fd C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh Ngh\u1ec1 h\u00e0n ch\u00ec Khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc S\u1ef1 khi\u00eau d\u00e2m In T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Khu du l\u1ecbch Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0110i thuy\u1ec1n \u0110i\u00eau kh\u1eafc H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Shakespeare Tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft V\u1edf k\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Nam M\u1ef9 Kh\u00f4ng gian Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao Qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u Tivi Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i Qu\u1ea7n v\u1ee3t Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Giao th\u00f4ng Du l\u1ecbch C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Li\u00ean minh Vatican Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 Wall R\u01b0\u1ee3u Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n I Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n II Yu-kon M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song song l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng khi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e9p chia d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. S\u1ed1 chia g\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb chia s\u00e1u, b\u1ea3y hay t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n? 326547 - 47","Ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi? B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p chia n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i; n\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00e9p chia n\u00e0y hay \u1edf ch\u1ed7 lu\u00f4n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u2212 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t th\u00eam ch\u00fat \u00edt th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m mu\u1ed1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng ban D&R. 1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u00fang ta \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong ph\u00f2ng ban n\u00e0y. 2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cnh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng\u201d. 3. \u0110\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi song song v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201ckhai m\u1ecf\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eddi ti\u1ebft\u201d. 4. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u00f3m suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi trong khai m\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong khai m\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ed5 t\u1eadp trung\u201d, \u201cc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean m\u0169\u201d, v.v...","5. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cn\u1ed5 t\u1eadp trung\u201d g\u1ee3i cho ai \u0111\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t M\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u1edf h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng x\u00e1m. Khi nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng x\u00e1m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111en. Nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u1edf h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng x\u00e1m (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh) v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u1edf h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111en (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u00e0u x\u00e1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u00e1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n\u201d khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, tr\u1eafng hay \u0111en. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec chung chung. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u00fat can m\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00fat chai s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00fat can l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf\u201d v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u0103ng cao. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf\u201d l\u00e0 v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu. H\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu ch\u00edn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu y\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edf can b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00fat can, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi cho n\u00fat can.","M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng gian g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean do ma s\u00e1t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf sao b\u0103ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch sao b\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean do ma s\u00e1t. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean do ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra khi sao b\u0103ng \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau tan v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao b\u0103ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1edd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 sao b\u0103ng. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u hy sinh l\u00e0m v\u1ecf t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean do ma s\u00e1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi th\u00f3i quen li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u201cc\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Nikola Tesla. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00f9ng nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y x\u00edch \u0111u c\u1ee7a anh trai m\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t cao khi nh\u1eefng c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00edch \u0111u. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf trong \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, m\u1ed7i xung l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean. Tesla th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a con l\u1eafc trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafc, d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n vi\u00f4l\u00f4ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v.v... \u00d4ng c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y Tesla, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u201ch\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u201d l\u00e0: \u25aa M\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ong \u25aa Nam ch\u00e2m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i","\u25aa C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1eed tri \u25aa C\u00e1c trang web tr\u00ean Internet h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u25aa C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cc\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1eed tri\u201d g\u1ee3i ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 c\u1eed tri v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctranh c\u00e3i\u201d. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u2212 \u201cch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u201d, \u201cdanh d\u1ef1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady\u201d \u2212 trong khi \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1eed tri coi \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin\u201d. H\u1ecd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin\u201d nh\u01b0: \u25aa S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ra hi\u1ec7u \u25aa D\u00f9ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u phi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u25aa D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u00f4m \u25aa Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa m\u00e8o, giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ecd x\u00e1t \u25aa C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u00f9ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u00f4m\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n. Khi b\u1ea1n \u1ea5n l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ed1t (pad of pins) (c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh","l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c), c\u00e1i ch\u1ed1t s\u1ebd t\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y. M\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c. Thomas Edison \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng l\u00fac truy\u1ec1n \u0111i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, hai th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\u201d v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u1edbi d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u1ed1ng, van v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u1ed1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y qua ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ta y\u00eau th\u00edch, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n hay trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng d\u00e0i trong th\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 tan. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh y h\u1ecdc. Khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: 1. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t y\u00eau th\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0","Super Bowl, h\u00e3ng c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 Hai (Monday Night Football), quy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v.v\u2026 2. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u00fat ra \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Khi t\u01b0 duy theo nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t y\u00eau th\u00edch. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng hay m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 flip . Sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn m\u00faa ballet l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u01b0a th\u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ta s\u1ebd mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim \u2212 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i ba Edward Deming \u2212 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Deming. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Deming v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tim, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean","H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh n\u01a1-ron. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong m\u1eaft ta t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ba l\u1edbp t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a George de Mestral, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. Khi \u0111ang \u0111i s\u0103n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 con ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gai. Khi George c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ee7i ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang b\u00e1m r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. V\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb nh\u01b0ng de Mestral l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u00f2 m\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gai n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Mestral \u0111\u00e3 xem nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Mestral \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e1i m\u00f3c nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1eafm l\u00ean s\u1ee3i v\u1ea3i qu\u1ea7n. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng de Mestral \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 gai d\u1ea1i\u201d v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kho\u00e1\u201d. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00f3, de Mestral \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00f3c nh\u1ecf x\u00edu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng sao cho ch\u00fang li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o nhau. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00f3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o. Sau khi th\u1eed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1 Velcro \u2212 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb m\u00e1y \u0111o huy\u1ebft \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y tennis. Trong h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c b\u00ean tr\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.","H\u00ecnh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm k\u1ef9. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u00e3y ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111i d\u1ea1o (th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm xung quanh. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng con h\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o trong g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng?\u201d Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \u25aa \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 trong r\u1eebng? \u25aa \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u25aa C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Chim? B\u00f2 s\u00e1t? \u25aa Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Sau \u0111\u00f3: Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m","gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 RCA\/Whirlpool mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd h\u1ecfi xem lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t? B\u00f2 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng d\u00ea th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1eafn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean k\u1ebft nang. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 do tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cph\u00e2n k\u1ebft vi\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Trash Masher, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e9n r\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y l\u00e0 pha l\u00ea. Pha l\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xa x\u00f4i khi g\u1eb7p nhau l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. T\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng pha l\u00ea. Khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng, pha l\u00ea s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. D\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t (g\u1ed3m d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xa x\u00f4i t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 pha l\u00ea n\u1ee9t hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 (c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n) th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn pha l\u00ea th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t (h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o), sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy logic). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha l\u00ea ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (\u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng pha l\u00ea) khi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u00e3y qu\u00ean \u0111i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111i ngh\u1ec9. B\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung m\u00ecnh \u0111ang chu du \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.","V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia v\u0169 kh\u00ed thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u1eeda. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat, h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u00f4ng \u2212 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y con r\u1eafn \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb con m\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ean l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f2 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay. V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean l\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1eafn \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cdu ngo\u1ea1n\u201d l\u00e0: t\u1ef1 do th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n, r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: 1. Du ngo\u1ea1n: H\u00ecnh dung b\u1ea1n du ngo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i hay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1edbi t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t khu khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1860 hay tham gia m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u0103n trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng ch\u00e2u Phi hoang d\u00e3. H\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bay b\u1ed5ng. Ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Anh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX Samuel Taylor c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i du ngo\u1ea1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01a1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (B\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 gi\u00e0) v\u00e0 Kublai Khan (\u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian xa x\u00f4i, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong th\u01a1. 2. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: R\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng","ngh\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3i qua trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Khi b\u1ea1n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u201ck\u00edch ho\u1ea1t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1eefa hai suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ed1n \u00edt li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi hai \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ec hai \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu gia c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho trang ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00ednh c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1edfi ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. \u00dd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kho\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111an xen gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, d\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ba \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111an xen nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kho\u00e1 Velcro d\u00f9ng cho trang ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea3.","C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf C\u1ef1c Nam v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1eb7c k\u1eb9t trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o tuy\u1ebft, ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u1eb7n v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed trong Florida Keys, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n Smithsonian, v.v\u2026). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bay b\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e0nh 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong im l\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2212 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ch\u0103n b\u00f2, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, ng\u1ef1a, gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn u\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb chi ph\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nh\u1ecf. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Einstein","H\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p logic \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, Einstein \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u201cy\u00eau\u201d. Hai tu\u1ea7n sau, \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u00f4ng y\u00eau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t? Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, Einstein t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt hai chi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hai chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n \u0111o th\u1eb3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong thang m\u00e1y b\u1ecb k\u00e9o trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng m\u00f9 v\u1ea1ch ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, trong tay c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng soi h\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Einstein \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: 1. Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 v\u1ebd ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb u d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u00e1c t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft kh\u1ed1i u, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. \u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tia \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed1i u. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng tia n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u, kh\u1ed1i u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khi chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng tia n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i u. \u1ede c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng tia n\u00e0y v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean kh\u1ed1i u. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3","c\u00f9ng l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh? 2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d hay nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Coi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eafm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eafm\u201d. 3. Tam qu\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d, \u201cnguy\u00ean l\u00fd\u201d. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. D\u00f9ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cy h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u201cqu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i\u201d \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau: M\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i t\u00e0n \u00e1c cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn. Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, xung quanh l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nan hoa b\u00e1nh xe. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e0i m\u00ecn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e0i sao cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua an to\u00e0n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1eafn c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1edbi v\u00e0 ra t\u1eeb ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu n\u00e0o \u0111i qua, m\u00ecn s\u1ebd n\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 n\u00e1t m\u00e0 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi. 4. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 chia qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ecn, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c. 5. Chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t tia c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (h\u00ecnh A), b\u00e1c s\u0129 (v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tia nh\u1ecf c\u00f9ng l\u00fac chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau (chia qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i tia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh (h\u00ecnh B), nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m (t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i) \u2212 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u (ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u1eaft s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng, b\u1edfi v\u1eady khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u1eaft s\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh\/l\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u201cngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung\u201d v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau: Con t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao Ho\u1ea3 g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao Ho\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t nghi ng\u1edd b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho h\u1ecd?","C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao Ho\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ta gi\u00fap tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1eabu D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh? Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh: M\u1ed9t sao ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1eadp th\u1ec3? Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn sao Ho\u1ea3. Khi th\u0103m sao Ho\u1ea3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec: nhanh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hay ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7n hay ng\u1ecdt, v.v\u2026 V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh marketing m\u1edbi? Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh: Ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 s\u1ed1ng trong hang, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh: Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Later l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u","h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Joe, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh T\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta coi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao khi t\u01b0 duy, Einstein th\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Einstein hi\u1ebfm khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Thomas Jefferson c\u00f3 r\u00e2u quai n\u00f3n kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Jefferson trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ed1n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u00edch khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Einstein th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc hay t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y kho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u201caum\u201d hay \u201com\u201d.) C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0 v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n. R\u00fat ra \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Trong minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng que di\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t que di\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1ecb b\u1ebb cong, b\u1ebb g\u00e3y","hay thay th\u1ebf nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d. C\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho n\u00f3? Vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ra. Xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Kho\u1ea3ng 60% ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. Khi h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng que di\u00eam cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao Ho\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao Ho\u1ea3 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch sang nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o d\u00e0y, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2212 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o g\u1ee3i cho \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, bao g\u1ed3m polime. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp che ph\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng minh b\u1eb1ng polime, l\u1edbp che ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m im khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m ngay khi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.","M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 du\u1ed7i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng ba feet (kho\u1ea3ng 1 cm) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m t\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0: \u25aa M\u1ed9t ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1eebng, ban \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eafn khi v\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i t\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3. \u25aa Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt c\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u25aa M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c s\u1eaft. \u25aa X\u00edch xe \u0111\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u00edch (\u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y) linh ho\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Friedrich Kekule r\u1eb1ng benzen v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn \u2212 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn t\u1ef1 c\u1eafn \u0111u\u00f4i n\u00f3. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon trong benzen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho Kekule m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t. Picasso c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng coi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 2 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, 0 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi coi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh","tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean t\u00e0i Niels Borh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u00f3 sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ngay khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, Einstein th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0129a, h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sang nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Alexander, Ishikawa v\u00e0 Silverstein ph\u00e1t minh nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00e1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau). 2. Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m b\u00eca, vi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c b\u00fat m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca \u2212 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecf cho \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, xanh cho qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng cho b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.","3. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca n\u00e0y l\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 t\u00e1i nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phong ph\u00fa. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u00eca n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o. Tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. 4. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00fa v\u1ecb, h\u00e3y quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m b\u00eca l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 xem y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. 5. Khi b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, h\u00e3y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Khay c\u00e1t Ronald Hoffman, thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1981 cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. Ch\u00ednh th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. Suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Khay c\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb gi\u00fap suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tinh th\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t khay c\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, khay c\u00e1t c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.","Xung quanh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u1eadt: nh\u1eefng con b\u00fap b\u00ea nh\u1ecf x\u00edu, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean bi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u1ecf s\u00f2, l\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t \u00edt g\u1ed7, ch\u00fa l\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f4 d\u00e2u ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 t\u00ed hon, con kh\u1ee7ng long nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1eefng con r\u1eafn cao su, nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 m\u1eadp, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, v.v\u2026 Sau \u0111\u00f3: 1. D\u1eb9p nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 2. Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. 3. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u201ct\u1ea1m \u1ed5n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. 4. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 do li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea3nh, h\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i cho b\u1ea1n \u2212 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n ra khi b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u nh\u01b0: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?\u201d \u201cT\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?\u201d \u201cN\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t?\u201d \u201cN\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?\u201d M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. 5. Vi\u1ebft ra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea3nh di\u1ec5n ra trong khay c\u00e1t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.","M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u khi quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Benoir Mandelbrot \u2212 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Oclit c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Mandebrot \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00f4n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc FRACTAL \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, b\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft, s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 b\u1edd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u201ct\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh con c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u1ecdc ra, c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i c\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Mandlebrot n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong danh s\u00e1ch an-pha-b\u00ea hay c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch \u201cth\u1eb3ng\u201d. Khi Mandelbrot tham gia k\u1ef3 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u201cnh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u201d trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khay c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do bay b\u1ed5ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00f2 \u00e9p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong khay c\u00e1t. C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1eebng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\/c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra khay c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft d\u00e1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khay c\u00e1t n\u00eau tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft d\u00e1n theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh \u2212 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u2212 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng nhau sao cho ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t","\u0111i t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. B\u1ee9c tranh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft d\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. Max Ernst, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p hai hay nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. Khi hai hay nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau trong b\u1ee9c tranh, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u1eefng con h\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u b\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ee9c tranh m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v.v\u2026 Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Leonardo da Vinci \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hay nh\u01b0 Mozart so s\u00e1nh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a Disney c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Freud c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ea9n \u00fd trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 gi\u00fap n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Israel tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c. Khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ecfi vi tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c l\u00e0m ngh\u1ebdn h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y t\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1eeda c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u1edf h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi n\u1ed1i sao cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ma-gi\u00ea. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ma-gi\u00ea, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ngh\u1ebdn h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.","Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi b\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, tr\u00ed n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft d\u00e1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o: 1. C\u1eaft m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1eeb b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, catalog, t\u1edd r\u01a1i, v.v... 2. Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb hay c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng (\u0111i\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb hay c\u1ee5m trong m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf) b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3\u2026\u201d. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. R&D \u2212 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng \u2212 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng phai, x\u01b0\u1edbc hay m\u1ebb. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. B\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i n\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u201cv\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ti\u00eam ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0o c\u00e2y l\u00e0m cho m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng ra c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y. C\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb7t n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hai b\u1ee9c tranh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. V\u1edbi hai b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m","\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp vui th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1edfi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: 1. L\u1ea5y t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u0169 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o. 2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1eaft tranh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng (\u1ea9n d\u1ee5) cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. 3. Nh\u1edd m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1eaft d\u00e1n. D\u00e1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. 4. G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3. 5. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng (\u0111i\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trong m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf) b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3\u2026\u201d. 6. Treo nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh d\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u00f3m so s\u00e1nh, t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. Aristotle vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: ai l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy. V\u1edbi Darwin, ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f5i theo s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 William James c\u00f3 s\u1edf th\u00edch so s\u00e1nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con l\u1ea1ch, d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i, con s\u00f4ng trong khi John Locke \u2212 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2212 l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i chim \u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng sinh chim \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u0103n l\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 H\u00e3y \u0111i xung quanh nh\u00e0, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2n xung quanh. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so","s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00f4ng ty. H\u00e3y \u0111i d\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00f4ng ty gi\u1ed1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed1\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp\u201d. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5: 1. D\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea. 2. Khi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m hay nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. \u0110i b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh","M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 mang theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh Polaroid v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Ti\u1ebfp theo, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111ang thi c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00eau tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1). Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3. D\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m c\u00e1c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng xem tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3.","CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 8 T\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm M\u1ed7i khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec th\u00eam n\u1eefa. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o hay \u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7u may\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t mong \u0111\u1ee3i. song s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c: Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec nh\u1ec9? Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadn may m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 1820, th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Hans \u00d8ersted, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e0 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Song, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 sai \u2212 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb. Hans \u00d8ersted \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 tinh m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ee7 si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Maxwell \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00d8ersted \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Maxwell. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 John Wesley Hyatt, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 in, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi","Albany, \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m b\u00f3ng bi-a. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng bi-a th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm n\u00ean \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf ra ch\u1ea5t celluloid, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. B. F. Skinner khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ta n\u00ean d\u1eebng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m kia. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 William Shockley v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111a ng\u00e0nh Bell \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o transitor MOS. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh ra transitor n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u2212 ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra transitor MOS, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, William Shockley cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d. Richard Feynman \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi: Li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1?\u201d. N\u0103m 1938, Roy Plunkett, m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean 27 tu\u1ed5i, n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi. Song, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, anh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t s\u1ec1n s\u1ec7t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1p, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. B\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n \u0111ang d\u1edf dang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 anh cho l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y. Sau n\u00e0y, s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u201cTeflon\u201d. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ea5y so v\u1edbi khi b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n xa l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb; hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; hay nh\u00e0","h\u00e0ng quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n kh\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta l\u1edd \u0111i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp may \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cho m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. N\u0103m 1839, khi Charles Goodyear \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao su d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 b\u1ecb r\u1eafn l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u ho\u00e1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, Alexander Fleming kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u01a1i c\u1ea5y khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu thi\u00ean ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Song, Fleming l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u0103n kho\u0103n li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec hay kh\u00f4ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2212 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 penicilin. Hay nh\u01b0 Thomas Edison, trong khi \u0111ang ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng carbon, \u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u b\u1ed9t b\u1ea3 ma-t\u00edt trong tay xoay tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 xo\u1eafn n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft: xo\u1eafn carbon th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh v\u1eadn may m\u1edbi? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u00ed \u00f3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong ch\u00fang ta. H\u00e3y x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: Susan n\u0103m nay 28 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng d\u1ea1. M\u00f4n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4 c\u00f2n tham gia c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t? Susan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Susan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef.","V\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cSusan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u201d l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cSusan v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u1eeba t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n X lu\u00f4n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n X ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n 80% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t r\u00e0nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cSusan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201cSusan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u201d. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m X hay c\u1ea3 X v\u00e0 Y?\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 X l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 Susan, h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng Susan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ecd kh\u1edbp nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o len gi\u00e1 125 \u0111\u00f4-la v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec, ghim, v.v\u2026 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c) gi\u00e1 15 \u0111\u00f4-la. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n mua gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4-la v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t 20 ph\u00fat. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111i kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o len gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 15 \u0111\u00f4-la, gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 125 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 120 \u0111\u00f4-la. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e1i xe 20 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4-la hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4-la ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c mua chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, theo c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u00ec","gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u00f4-la xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4-la, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m 33%), l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua h\u01a1n khi gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 125 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 120 \u0111\u00f4-la, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 5%. Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 trong ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ngay \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u2212 c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e1i xe 20 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4-la hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u00e9p\u201d b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c, c\u00f2n ba ng\u00f4i sao t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a David. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1u c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tinh \u00fd t\u1eadp trung quan s\u00e1t theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c."]