1.Democratic educational administration for the Philippine educational system

{©) To report* whenever i t s h a ll deem necessary, d ire c tly to the General Superintendent as to make suggestions in respect thereto as may m m to i t expedients Sec, 13* Every pueblo sh a ll constitute a school d is­ t r i c t and i t sh a ll be the duty of the municipal council th ereo f to make-as auaple provision as possible by local tax­ ation fo r the support of a ll the schools established within i t s Jurisdiction.* In exceptional cases, where the topography of the country or the d iffic u lty of communication between p o rts of the same pueblo to the school d i s t r i c t of another and s h a ll, in such case, fix the amount which I t w ill be ju s t fo r the municipal council of the former to contribute to the annual school expense of the la tte r* Sec* 14* the English language sh a ll as soon as prac­ ticable., be made the b a sis of a l l public school In stru c tio n , and so ld ie rs may be d e ta ile d aa in stru c to rs u n til such time as they may be replaced by train ed teachers. Sec* 15* A uthority Is hereby given to the General Superintendent of Public In stru c tio n , to obtain from the United S tates one thousand train ed teachers a t monthly s a l­ a rie s of s o t le s s than seventy-five d o llars and not more than one hundred tw enty-five d o lla rs , the exact sa la ry of each teacher to be fixed by the General Superintendent of Public Instru ction In accordance with the efficiency of the teacher in question and the importance of the position held* The necessary tra v e lin g expenses of such teachers from th e ir places of residence to Manila sh a ll be paid by the Government. Sec* 16* Ho teacher or other person sh a ll teach or c r it i c i z e the doctrine of any church, relig io u s se c t, or de­ nomination, or sh all attempt to Influence the pupils for or ag ain st any church or re lig io u s se c t In any public school es­ tab lish ed under th is Act, I f any teacher sh a ll in te n tio n a lly v io la te th is sectio n he or she s h a ll, a f te r due hearing, be dismissed from the public service. Provided* however* That i t sh a ll be lawful fo r the p r ie s t or m in ister of any church established in the pueblo where a public school is s itu a te d , e i t h e r in person or by a designated teacher of re lig io n , to teach re lig io n for one h a lf an hour three times a week In the school building to those public school pupils whose parents or guardians desire i t and express th eir desire therefor in writing file d with the principal teacher of the school, to be forwarded to the division superintendent, who sh all fix the hours and rooms for

such teaching* But no public school teachers s h a ll e ith e r conduct religious exercises or teach religion or act as a designated relig io u s teacher In the school building under the foregoing authority# and m pupil s h a ll be required by any public school teacher to attend and receive the re lig io u s in stru c tio n herein, perm itted. Should the opportunity thus given to teach re lig io n be used by the p r ie s t, m inister or relig io u s teacher for the purpose of arousing disloyalty to the United States or of discouraging the attendance of pupils a t such public school, of creating a disturbance of public order, or of in terfe rin g w ith the discipline of the school, the division superintendent, subject to the approval of the General Superintendent of Public In stru c tio n , may a f te r due in v e stig a tio n and h earing, forbid such offending p r ie s t, m in iste r, o r re lig io u s teacher fro® entering the public school building th ereafter. Sec* 1?* There sh a ll be estab lish ed and maintained la the c ity of Manila a Normal School fo r the education of n ativ es of the Islands In the science of teaching. The rules and plan fo r the organization and conduct of such school and the q u a lific a tio n s of pupils entering the same, sh a ll be de­ termined by the General Superintendent of Public Instruction, . See* IB, There sh a ll be estab lish ed and maintained in the c ity of Manila a Trade School for the in stru ctio n of natives of the Islands in the useful trades. The powers and duties of the General Superintendent in respect to .this school s h a ll be the same as those provided in the section in resp ect to the Mouse! School, Sec, 19. Tha General Superintendent of Public In­ stru ctio n is authorized and directed, under the supervision of the M ilitary Governor, to procure the making of plans and estim ates fo r the creation of such school buildings as he may deem necessary and p racticab le a t the present time, Including a building or buildings fo r the Normal School in Manila and bu ilding o r buildings fo r the Trade School d irected to be es­ tab lish ed in sections seventeen and eighteen hereof, The es­ tim ated cost of such buildings and th e ir proper equipment sh a ll so t exceed fcux* hundred thousand d o llars, Such plans and estim ates s h a ll b@ submitted to the Commission. Geo, 20, There sh a ll foe established and maintained a School of Agriculture In the Island of Negros* The superior advisory school board s h a ll recommend to the Commission for fin a l determ ination a proper s ite fo r such school. The pow­ ers and duties of the General Superintendent in respect to th is school shall be the same as those provided In the roction

ubd concerning the Normal School. See* SI. The G eneral Superintendent of P ublic In­ s tru c tio n is d irec te d to prepare and submit to the Commis­ sion through the M ilita ry Governor a statement showing the textbooks and other supplies which w ill be needed for the year nineteen hundred and one* the estim a ted cost of which s h a ll not exceed the sum of two hundred and twenty thousand dollars. Bee, 22, The sum of tw enty-five thousand dollars* o r so much th ereo f as may be necessary* is hereby a p p ro p ria te d out of any funds in the In su la r Treasury not otherw ise ap­ propriated. fo r the organisation and maintenance of the fo r­ mal School in Manila fo r the year nineteen hundred and one. Sec, ‘33* The.sum of fifte e n thousand dollars* or so much th ereo f as may be necessary* Is hereby a p p ro p ria te d out of any funds in the In su la r T reasury not otherw ise appropri­ ated fo r the o rg a n is a tio n and maintenance of the Trade School in Manila for the year nineteen hundred and one. Sec. 24* The sum of fifte e n thousand d o lla rs , or so much th e re o f as may be neeeasary* is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the In su lar Treasury not otherwise appropri­ ated , fo r the organisation and maintenance of the School of A g ric u ltu re fo r the year nineteen hundred and one. Sec* 26, Nothing in th is Act sh all be construed in any way to fo rb id , impede, or o b stru ct the establishm ent and m aintenance of p riv a te schools* See* 26, whenever sums of money are mentioned in th is Act they s h a ll be understood to be money of the I'nited States. Sec* 27* This h o t sh a ll take e ffe c t on i t s passage. \\ \\

Appendix B C onstitution and By-Laws of the P hilippine Publics School Teachers Association ( Amended by the Representative Assembly on June 3* 1949) oomnmnon A rticle I—NAME Section 1. The name of th is organization sh all be The P hilippine Public School Teachers A ssociation,rt A rticle n —OBJECTIVE Section 1, The objective of th is Association sh a ll be to advance the in te re s ts and promote the welfare of the Philippine public schools and public school teachers in par­ tic u la r and the In te re sts and welfare of the Philippines in general* S pecifically , the Association shall seek: a* To advance the cause of education as an agency fo r F ilip in o nationalism and promote the p rin ­ ciples of the United HatIons Educational, Scien­ t i f i c , and C ultural Organization (UNESCO;. b. To p ro tect and help I ts members. c. To keep it® members in close touch w ith one another. A rtic le I I I —MEMBERS Section 1. The word 81teacherH as used in tills Con­ s titu tio n and By-haws re fe rs to any person in the c la s s ifie d C ivil Service who la m employee or a former employe© under the Bureau of Education, as fu rth e r defined in the following section. Section 2. There sh a ll b© two classes of members of the A ssociation, namely, regular and honorary members. a. Regular members. All employees under the Bureau o f Public Schools are e n title d to regular member­ ship. Regular members may become l i f e members by paying the required fees as Indicated in A rticle I f , Section 1. b. Honorary members. Persons prominent in the business

38? o r educational world who are in te re ste d in the w elfare of the Association pay become honorary members by election* c* Member® who leave the service are considered bona-fide members fo r the duration of the period fo r which membership fees are paid. Omid members have the option to continue membership upon payment of a l l required fees and dues. &* A ffilia te members* Former members of the FPSIA who are not in the service and whose membership have lapsed may be re-adm itted as a f f i l i a t e mem* bars upon application being approved by the Board of Directors. Section 5. Each member* whether regular or honorary, is e n title d to atten d a l l meetings of the .Association and to receive a l l of It® publications a t a price which sh all be th e ir approximate c o st, to be fixed by the Board of Directors* A rticle IV—DOES Section 1. Regular members sh a ll pay a trie n n ia l fee of three pesos payable d ire c t to the PPSTA Office or through the A ffilia te Division teachers Association or Division Chap­ te rs not l a t e r than the f i r s t week of the second semester of the school year. Life membere pay a fee of #25*00. Section 2, Honorary members are exempt from the pay­ ment of any dues* A rticle ?—.BOARD OF DIRECTORS Section 1. The a f f a ir s of the Association shall be managed by a Board of D irectors, not le ss than nine (9) in number, who w ill be elec te d a t the annual meeting of the Re­ p resen tativ e Assembly m d by the Departments, in the manner h e re in a fte r provided by the By-Laws. Section 2. Beginning with the school year 1950-1951 there s h a ll be created and organised the following Depart­ ments of the PPSTA, whose respective presidents s h a ll, in ad­ d itio n to the three o ffic e rs elected by the Representative Assembly, c o n stitu te the Board of .Directors of the Association: (1) Department of Superintendence (2) Department of Secondary Education (3) Department of Elementary Education (4) Department of Supervisors and P rincipals {§) Department of C ollegiate Instruction

Section The members of the Board of Directors sh a ll eerve fo r one year o r u n til th e ir successors are chosen and qualified* A rticle n~ -m m m m T A T W ?. assembly Section I . The Division Teachers Associations of the provinces or sub-provinces, including the Chartered City As­ so c ia tio n s, Rational (In su lar) School A ssociations, and the Association o f General O ffice personnel, may become a f f i li a t e d w ith the P hilippine Public School Teachers A ssociation, and one© a f f i l i a t e d s h a ll be designated as A ffilia te d Division Teachers Associations o r Division Chapters* Each A ffilia te d Division Teachers Association or Division Chapter sh all be a d iv isio n u n it of the Association and as such sh a ll be e n title d to rep resen tatio n in the Representative Assembly in the manner h erein after provided. Section 2. Each A ffilia te d Division Teachers Associa­ tio n or Division Chapter sh a ll be e n title d to e le c t one dele­ gate and one a lte rn a te to the Representative Assembly fo r every two hundred (200) of i t s members, or major fraction th e re o f, who are activ e members of the Philippine Public School Teachers A ssociation, provided that there shall be delegates representing each of the Departments, as indicated in A rticle V, Section 2. A sm aller number of delegates than s ix , may, however, be elected in proportion to the size of the membership of each lo cal Association* The delegates sh a ll be elected a t the annual Convention of the lo c a l association or ch apter, which should not be l a t e r than March 1 of each year* The a lte rn a te takes the place of the delegate when the l a t t e r cannot be present. H® can take part in the discus­ sions but cannot vote i f the delegate casts h is vote. Ob­ servers isay be designated from n o n -a ffilla te d division asso ci­ atio n s , but thes© cannot p a rtic ip a te in the discussions nor oast a vote. Section 5. Only regular members of A ffilia te d Divi­ sion Teachers A ssociations or Division Chapters sh all be e lig ib le for election as delegates to the Representative As­ sembly and to the Departments* Section 4. The Representative Assembly sh a ll have the power to le g is la te on a l l matters and determine general pol­ ic ie s a ffectin g the a f fa irs of the Association. I t sh all be the duty of the Board of Directors to execute the p o licies promulgated by the Representative Assembly* S ectio n 5. th e President of the Philippine Public

School Teachers Association sh a ll b© the presiding o ffic e r of the R epresentative Assembly and sh a ll have the'power to designate pro-tempore presiding o ffic e rs from time to time. A rticle VII—OFFICERS Section 1. The o ffic e rs of the Association sh all b© a P resid en ti a V ice-President, an Auditor, who sh all be e lec te d by the Representative Assembly ©f the Association a t the annual meeting, and the six Presidents of the Depart­ ment®. The officer® sh a ll serve u n til th e ir successors are elected and qualified# Section 2, The Association sh all likew ise have an Executive Secretery-Tpeesu re r, who sh a ll be elected by the Board of Director® and occupy h is position during good be­ h avior and e ffectiv e service* The Executive Secret®,ry- Ireasurer shall; a* be given a compensation of f*?,200 annually* b. appoint the personnel of his office as authorized by the Board of Directors* A rticle VIlI—AMUmSHTB Section 1* The C onstitution and By-Law® of the As­ so ciatio n may be amended, a t any regular or special Electing of the o f f ic ia l delegates of the A ffilia te d Division Teach­ ers Associations or Division Chapters to the Representative Assembly of the Association by a vote of tw o-thirds (2/3) of the o ffic ia l delegates present a t such meeting in person or by proxy* BY-LAWS A rticle I —BOARD OF BISECTORS Section 1* The Board of Directors s h a ll be composed of the elec te d officer® and the six (6) Presidents of the Departments. The f i r s t three o ffic e rs sh a ll be elected a t the annual meeting of the Association by a p lu ra lity vote of the o ffic ia l delegates present, while the Presidents shall be elected in the same manner by th e ir respective Departments. Section 2. The regular meetings of the Board of Di­ rector® sh a ll be held a® such meeting® are necessary,

390 Section 3*. the Board of Director© s h a ll he given ac tu a l and ntoesaary expenses and per diems- while attending the seetings. Section 4* At le a s t five (5) members of the Board a c tu a lly In o ffic e s h a ll c o n stitu te a quorum a t the meetings of the Board* Section 5* Action by the Board of D irectors on any m atter not in co n sisten t with any of the expressed or implied provisions o f the C onstitution and By-haws may be taken, without the necessity of holding a meeting, merely by p utting th© no tatio n •Approved* or 8D isapproved/ along with the board ©ember*s sig n a tu re , on the n otice sent hi© on the case* Section 6*The order of business a t regular meetings of the Board of B irectors sh all be: G alling of th© r o l l Reading of the minutes Unfinished business Miscellaneous business Section ?* I f the position of any o ffic e r or ©ember becoses vacant by reason of death, resig n atio n , d isq u alifica­ tion or otherwise the President shall appoint, with the ad­ vice and consent of the remaining ©©©bora of th© Board of D irecto rs, a successor who sh a ll hold office for the unexplred term* Article ii —m m wmim$ Section 1* Th® annuel meeting of the Association sh a ll be held on the f i r s t day of June or on such other day or days as s h a ll b© designated the date fo r the annual convention of the Association* Section 2* Special meetings of the Association may be ca lled by the President upon the w ritten request of a t le a s t f i f t y (50) o f f ic ia l delegates to the Representative As­ sembly, or by the Board of Directors upon th ir ty (50) days' n o tice sent to the President or th© Secretary of each A f f ili­ ated Division Teachers Association or Division Chapter. Section 5. T hirty (50) o f f ic ia l delegates to th© Rep­ re se n tativ e Assembly of th© Association s h a ll c o n stitu te © quorum a t any meetings* Section 4. All meetings sh all be held a t Manila,

unless otherwise decreed by the Representative Assembly of the Association* Section 6* Every regular member of the Association I© e n title d to -atten d the annual meetings and to take p art in the d iscussions, but only o f f ic ia l delegatee to the Rep­ resen tativ e Assembly of the Association ere e n title d to vote; provided, however, th at any me®her who has failed to pay his dues or fees or is delinquent in the payment of any contribution which may be required by the Association sh all be debarred, fro® attending the meetings or from taking p art in the discussions. Section 6* Any o ffic ia l delegate to the Representa­ tiv e Assembly not present at any meeting of the Association s h a ll b© represented by h is a lte r n a te ; i f both the delegate and th® a lte rn a te cannot be present in person a t a meeting of the A ssociation, the delegate may be represented by a proxy who is an active member. Section 7* At a l l elections of o ffic e rs and d irec to rs of the A ssociation, © committee on election composed of three members sh a ll be appointed by th© presiding o ffic e r or chairman of the meeting called fo r said electio n . A rticle I I I —COMMITTEES Section 1* All committees of the Association sh a ll be appointed by the President and with the advice of the Board of D irectors. All such committees, which sh all in­ clude In th e ir membership a t le a s t oh® member of th© Board of D irectors, sh ell be designated o ffic ia l committees of the Association. Section 2* Th© president sh all appoint standing com­ m ittees which sh all study from time to time the needs of the Association mid work out ways and means of serving those needs. A rticle IV—DUTIES OF'OFFICERS Section 1. The President sh a ll c a ll every meeting through the Executive Secr etary-7r easure r and preside over the meeting, deciding with hi® vote a l l Questions which may re s u lt in a t ie . He sh all preserve order and defend the rig h ts and prerogatives of the member®, orders a l l payments authorised by the Association or by the Board of Directors; approve a l l accounts and adm inistration papers; and see to I t th at the C onstitution and By-Laws and a l l the resolutions adopted by th® R epresentative Assembly o f the Association

end those of the Board o f Directors are s t r i c t l y complied with. Section 2, The Vice-President sh all take the place of the P resident in case of the l a t t e r 1s illn e s s , absence, or temporary In a b ility to hold o ffic e , and he sh all have in such oases the powers and obligations of the president. Section 5. 1'ho Executive Seeret&ry-Treasurer sh all have the following duties and re s p o n s ib ilitie s ; a. To act as Secretary of the Board of Directors and of the Association i n every meeting, or As­ sembly, b. To plan fo r the execution of the p o licies formu­ la te d and approved by the Board of Directors, c. To take a l l the steps which he deems expedient and necessary fo r properly effectin g the purposes of the Association, as expressed In its constitu­ tion and by-lews, such as* (1) To consult with* or seek assistance from* the D irector of Education, the Secretary of Edu­ cation, the Members of Congress, and other o ffic ia ls o f the Government. (2) To consult with responsible c itiz e n s in the community.