ຄຸນສົມບັດ ແລະ ໂລກອ້ອມຕົວ_MoralnWAU

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oadIPo\\qfshv’rkdao,yf’P[D mhk;ly’cr’pqd,n0Bo c]t g;Qk;kj G <IPo76K ohv’gIaf c]h;< okp76[vdmhk;ly’cr’vvdwxcdh[qfg]d16dj tfkoD mhk;ly’cr’ cdh[qfg]d fh;p7;k,;vj ’w; c]t 4nd8hv’D okp769b’j [vd.sh]k;g0Qkwxoa’j [vj o c]t g;Qk;kj G <mhk;ly’cr’gxao7qo8A’.9F f5\\aoj c]t vqfmqoD r;dohv’7;ogvqkc[[ 1kj ’0v’ mkh ;l’y cr’<D 7e4k,G !D gxoa sp’a mkh ;ly’cr’9’jb cdgh ]d39fwfLh @D 4kh gIkq gvvjn pv’u 7oq vojn 9tgxoa co;.fL #D oda IPowf[h fq IPosp’a cf9j kdg]vnj ’oUL [qfIPoG dkoIPo s^n dkogIfa ;Pd.fd8= k,r;dgIkq 8vh ’rtpkpk,gIfa .swh ffh ;h p 8qogv’F [+7;ogvnvj pvu’.l7j qovnjoF 8hv’,u7;k,f5\\ajoF vqfmqo c]t 8A’.9gIaffh;p ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 7;k,\\Ao.9grvnj gxaodkog/ydoyfwl8qogv’.sh,u7;k,-yog7up f’aj 7edvo],5j oUG gIafl’yj .f .l.j 9.shc]h; m’a 7vj ’c7;h I[6 c[[’fq ’k, 8vh ’8fy 8k, g[’jy cp’ltg\\u [+gz8u ;q 8vh ’I[a zfy -v[ [qfg/ydsafG gsfdko !G mkh ;mv’ 0d= kj p[fq c8’j g]vjn ’oeok’lvoD ok’lvo 9tgIfa co;.fL 9’jq vtm[y kpD gsfdko @G r+F c,jwfh,v[;Pd.shok’rvosqffvdw,hF c8jok’rvo[+gIaf c]t ]k;wfh [vd.soh vh ’gIfa cmoD oda IPo7fy ;kj 4dn sn^ zfy L 9’jq vtm[y kpD 11

[fq mu $ I[h6 o5 7o5 xpj6 kj 8kpkp ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g]njv’G wxws;hmkfx6jpjk .d9h tIvf[o5 x.u \\]j k;F c8]j t7v[7;q wfsh kh ’skdtdP,sg+ 0kQ 8,Q F g0kQ |,q F gIfa oE vq[oEsv,wxlq’rt c]t wx8ad[kf1kfoE.shx6Fj pkj F 8kF pkpF pkfruoj hv’ c]t mkfzmh6 uwj f]h ;j ’][a wxc];h D 7v[7q;0v’mhk;7e.ld=rkdaowxws;hmkfx6jF pkj 16;j afD r+4n9qdwxglpsphk16jvhv, mkfF c,4j n75oEgrvnj ]hk’mkfF ]6dlk;4nm6[mPo c]t ]6d-kp4n4q’g0Qk8Q,F \\kdw,h le]a[wxws;hmkfx6pj jkD s^a’9kdglpsphk c]t ]hk’mkfc]h;F c,jd=gvqkg0Qk8Q,F \\kdw,9h fa .l9j ko 8’A w;1h 86j |+ kh mkf c]t w8mh [6 mPoD 9kdooA \\fq md5 7oq dr= kdoa o’ja ]’q ws;hmkfx6jF pkj grnvj ltcf’g4y’7;k,I6h[5o75o8+r;dgryoj D g;]kpkj ’8k,mk’d[a [kh oF rw+ fgh ]kjq g]vjn ’xF6j pkj .smh kh ;7e.l c]t ok’odq 2’a ;kj G <.o-;j ’w]ptvvdgIafdkoxt8y;af xF6j pkj rq[7;k,sp5h’pkd]e[kds^kp8hv’vkwl 1.j6 o4EF vkskodkodoy d[= r+ P’rD= g4’y 9tr[q d[a vx5 tlda sk^ p1kj ’ c8xj Fj6 pkj dp= ’a rtpk pk,Iadlk,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F gxao7qolaf-[nj =]yl5fF gIaf;Pdfh;p7;k,0t spaoF vqfmqogrnjv.sh]6ds^kowfhwxIPo|a’ln<D r+]6[sq; mhk; 7e.l c]h;g;Qk;jkG <xgj6 7pu lvow;;h kj G 4kh [I+ Po|’a l9n tgxoa 7oq [l+ tsk^ fD ltooA F rs+ ;’a ;kj r;d]d6 9trtpk pk,8A’.9IPoF ,u75olq,[afmfuj ugrvnj Iadlk,6og-Nv c]t I6h[5o75oxp6j kj <D 12

7e4k,G ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D 7v[7q;0v’mhk;7e.lwfhgIafspa’cfjgrnjvltcf’g4y’7;k,I6h[5o75o8+x6jF pjkL @D r+wfhg]qjk c]t 8adg8nvo]6dco;.fL #D oadIPowfhIPoI6hspa’cfj9kdg]jnv’oUL [qfIPoG x6Fj pkj gxaoz6hmu,j u75o’k,7;k,fu8+-kfF 8+7v[7q;D ltoAoF gxaooadIPo8hv’xtrbf 8oq gxoa 7oq fFu Ida c]t gl,u 0tspkp,o6 g-vN voa f’u k,0v’7v[7;q F xFj6 pkj F 8kF pkpw;h 8ts^vfwxD [qfg/ydsafG ! D 0=h.f]5j,oUmujltcf’g4y’7;k,I6h[5o75o8+x6jF pjkF 8kF pkpL dD 8’A .9IPo|’a ln c]t g/dy /oq ss+^ v^ ,8oq gv’.sdh kpgxoa 7oq f0u v’7v[7;q D 0D [o+ [a 4]n t[P[;wy o0v’7v[7;q c]t g-vN lkpD 7D Ida lk,o6 g-vN voa f’u k,0v’7v[7;q D ’D wxws;mh kf0v’xFj6 pkj F 8kF pkpD 9D g4’y ;kj 7v[7;q 1wj6 dc8dj w= x1k,rg+ 4kQ F c,gj 4kQ F xj6 c]t pkj md5 xDu @D 0Po;Pdmuj8qogv’gIafwfh c]t [+maogIafwfh16j.o7v[7q; T oda IPo9’jq 0Po;Pdm8ju oq gv’gIfa wfgh rvjn ltcf’g4’y dkoI[h6 o5 7o5 8x+ Fj6 pkj F 8kF pkpD !? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD @? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD T ;Pdmoju da IPo0Po,k,.u zcfmj gju Ifa wfh c]t ;Pd.fmoju da IPogIfa [m+ oa wfh !? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD @? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #? DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD #D oadIPo9qj’g]nvd7ela[faj’8+wxoU8nj,.lj[jvo;jk’.sh4nd8hv’G Ida F ,o6 g-vN F xF6j pkj F 8kF pkp md5 7oq ];h oc8,j Du DD gxoa ddq g7kQ 0v’7v[7;q 8oq gv’D r;dgIkq 8vh ’DDD xF6 j pkj F 8k pkp c]t zoa 0tspkpDDD voa f’u k,0v’7v[7;q c]t g-vN lkp0v’8oq D 13

[qfmu & 7;k,gxaogrnjvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g]njv’G gInvo.dhdao mhk;dq[ c]t mhk;vnj’gxaogrnjvoIadcr’daomjul5fD gInvo0v’r;dg0qk16j.dhdaoD ,su p’a r;dg0kq dc= [’j xoa c]t -;j pgsvn^ doa 1l6j tg\\Du gIvn omkh ;d[q xd6 zda F l;j ogIvn o 0v’mkh ;v’jn ]Ph ’gxfa D ,|N ’jb F gxfa 0v’mkh ;v’jn wfgh 0kQ wx.ol;ozda 0v’ mkh ;d[q c]t doy zda 9fq \\fq D g,vnj mkh ;d[q d[a ,kgsoa d1= kdIkh p c]t gvoU mkh ;v’jn ,kg[’jy m’a g;kQ ;kj G gxfa 0v’g9kQ ,kdoy zda 1.j6 ol;o0v’0vh p9oq \\fq D gxoa sp’a g9kQ 9’jb [0+ ’a gxfa w;ch fLj g9kQ gvkq g’oy ,k.-0h vh pfP;oKU 4kh [f+ ’ja ooA F 7;k,gxoa grvjn o0v’r;d gIkq 0kfdoa <D g,vjn mkh ;d[q g;kQ lf5 mkh ;v’jn dg= ;kQ 0oB ;kj G <pvh og9kQ ]vh ,I;Q [f+ 9u t,k 3mf0vh pd[= 4+ dn <D lf5 mkh pg0kq m’a lv’7oq d[= g+ 0kQ .9doa D ,N8+,kF ,u7qo,k]adgxaf0v’mhk;vnj’9qo\\qfF mhk;dq[gsaod=[+[vd.shmhk;vnj’I6hD g,vjn mkh ;v’jn d[a ,kIvfgIvn o[+gsoa gxfa 9da 38 ]k;9’jb Ivh ’wsmh ’a 9,jq ;kj G <glpfkpgfK 7yf;jk9tgvqkwx0kpgrnjv-Ng7njv’o5j’<D rF+ c,j mhk;dq[[vd]k;wx0=3mfmhk;v’jn D l;j omkh ;d[q dI= lh6 db ;kj 8oq gv’zfy c]t gsoa cd8j ;q [,+ ou E.98g+ rvjn om8ju oq gv’Ida 9’jb wx03= mf 14

mkh ;v’jn D r;dg0kq m’a lv’9[a ,n c]t loa pk;kj G <9tgxoa grvjn omfju Iu da cr’doa c]t 1Ij6 ;j ,doaສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 3fploa 8<y D g,vjn rF+ c,0j v’mkh ; v’jn c]t mkh ; d[q gsoa ]d6 m’a lv’g0kQ .9doa c]t Ida cr’ doa 7gn dkjq dI= lh6 db f.u 9D c8oj oA ,kF r;dg0kq m’a lv’7oq dd= [a ,kgxoa grvjn omIju da cr’ c]t lt|fy lt|,q doa 7gn dkjq D 7e4k,G !D gxoa sp’a mkh ;d[q 9’jb 4P’d[a mkh ;v’jn L @D 4kh oda IPo1.j6 ogsfdko7nmkh ;d[q oda IPo9t7yfco;.fL #D mkh ;d[q Ilh6 db co;.f8+mkh ;v’nj L $D 9kd[qfg]vnj ’oUoadIPowfhIPoI6hspa’cfLj [qfIPoG dkogxaogrnjvomujfu8hv’ltcf’vvd7nG Iadcr’lk,ad7uF gvNvg2Nvgrnjvczj8+dao .omd5 ;Pd’ko[;+ kj 9tpkd sn^ ’kj pF |da sn^ g[kq d8= vh ’-;j pdoa gIfa f;h p7;k,9’y .9 c]t laf-nFj [+vyflk[a’[Pf s^n 0q,j gsa’g-y’j dao c]t daoF ,u7;k,g7qk]q[oa[4nF .shdPf 8d+ oa c]t 1Ij6 ;j ,doa 3fploa 8Dy [qfg/ydsaf .soh da IPo\\kpzfy XV? sn^ 4dn X9?.l0j 7h= ;k,],j5 oGU dD ok’cr’c[’j xaog0Qk|q,.shmhk;cdh;D 0D mkh ;xvo,da pkfg7vnj ’s^Yo0v’\\gj6 ]NvpMD 7D g,nvj grnvj ogIafzyfok’lvo.shvtwr c]t 8adg8nvoD ’D mhk;ly’-;j pok’fvosqfoEfvdw,h.o3I’IPoD 15

[qfmu * oa[4nz6hg4QkF Iadcr’gfadohvp ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g]njv’G oadIPofu /oq 8dq skdg= vvnh oF rf= ou da IPog]du 3I’IPoF z.h6 fd2= kh ;pkj ’d[a [kh oD rI= vfg7’jy mk’ r;doda IPowfrh [q c,gj 4kQ rkpdt8kj \\kdlk]Fu ,gn [vhn ’|’bj 9’6 c0osk^ olk;S c,gj 4kQ 7vj pMpkj ’wx8k,mk’f;h p7;k,]e[kdD g,vjn oda IPogsoa dx= db lkdoa grvjn -;j pc,gj 4kQ c]t sk^ oovh pD 9kdooA F r;doda IPod2= kh ;pkj ’wxskc,gj 4kQ m’a g;kQ ;kj G <lt[kpfu c,gj 4kQ K c,gj 4kQ K x’q gx]h ’q r;dsk^ o9t-;j p<D r;doda IPodc= [’j doa gvkq \\kd lk]1u .6j odt8kj z]6h t @{# ,kogdvn [\\fq F l;j oz|6h ’bj rkpdt8kj F z|6h ’bj 9’6 c0osk^ oovh p c]t vdu z|6h ’bj 9’6 c0oc,gj 4kQ wxl’jq IvfgIvn oD c,gj 4kQ p,Y c]t g;kQ ;kj G <0v[.9oer;d sk^ osk^ pMD r;dsk^ ogxoa oda IPofcu mMh <D s’a^ 9kdooA F r;doda IPodr= kdoa d[a g,vn gIvn o 0v’.z]k;D 16

7e4k, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D r;doda IPowf-h ;j pc,gj 4kQ c]t sk^ oovh pco;.fL @D gxoa sp’a c,gj 4kQ 9’bj 0v[.9oer;doda IPoL #D oda IPoIl6h db co;.f8d+ kodtme0v’r;doda IPogskjq^ ooA L [qfIPo zg6h 4kQ c]t gfda ovh pgxoa zm6h guj Ikq 9t8vh ’wfgh vkq .9.lFj -;j pgsvn^ g[’jy cp’md5 g;]k c]t md5 Mlt4komju mguj Ikq r[q gsoa D dkog7kq ][q o[a 4zn g6h 4kQ F Ida cr’gfda ovh pc,oj ,o6 g-vhn voa f’u k,0v’7oq ]k;gIkq ,kc8[j I6 kootdkoD [qfg/ydsafG !D oda IPo7fy ;kj dkoxtrfb .f],5j ocuh ,oj dkog7kq ][q o[a 4zn g6h 4kQ F Ida cr’gfda ovh pL dD 0,jq gs’a gfda ovh pD 0D g]kjq oymko.sgh fda ovh p2’a D 7D g,nvj rq[zh6g4Qk8hv’p=,noq[ c]t 4k,lt[kpfuD ’D g,njvIa[lyj’0v’.f|b’j 9kdzh6g4qhk}z6h.sp8j hv’p=,noq[ c]t dkj ;7e0v[.9D 9D g;kQ lP’f’a 8+|kh zgh6 4kQ @D oadIPo9tgIafco;.f4hkrq[gsaogsfdkofja’]j5,oUL dD oadIPode]a’s^yho,;j o16Fj [a’gvuo,ur+g4Qk,kskgrvnj 0=7;k,-;j pgs^nv.sh [vdmk’D 0D gsaogfadohvp @ 7qode]a’pkf0v’s^hyoD 7D 8k,mk’da[[hkoF gsaogfadohvpde]a’Ihv’wsh-vdskc,Dj #D ;ao gfnvo]j5,oUc,jo;aospa’L dD ;aomu @W gfnvo ! 0D ;aomu ) gfnvo # 7D ;aomu ! gfnvo * ’D ;aomu ( gfnvo !W 17

[qfmu ( oa[4nc,jpy’ [qf[kf0v’c,jpy’]k; mjko xhk7ecr’ [5[zk mkj o ok’ xkou 1km=86hFສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ xtmkolt,k7,q c,pj ’y co;]k; Iv’xtmkoltrkcsj’-kf Iad-kf 7qomevyf I6[ gvNvp76 de]a’lvo|a’ln I6[ rtpk[ko de]a’xyjoxq;7qog9a[ 18

8es;^ fp’y mtskop’y ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 2hvolk,ad7u[aofkgzqkj 8ej s6d c,pj y’]k;gxaoz6h,[u fq [kfle7oa .odkoxtdv[l;j og0Qk.o0q’g0f ;Pd’ko0v’ -kfg-oja G 0t[;odko8l+ dh6 -6h kf.og,vjn dvj od7= rn k]tdfy cs’j dkoxdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf.oxfa 9[5 oa D c,pj ’y ]k;wfdh kpgxoa de]’a cI’’komluj e7oa .odkorfa mtokxtgmf-kfF o[a m’a fkh o;fa mtotmeF glf4tdfy {l’a 7,q c]t dkoxdq xda Ida lkIfu 7v’xtgrovu oa f’u k,0v’ -kf]k;w;Fh ovd9kdooA F c,pj ’y ]k;p’a ,[u fq [kfle7oa 1.6j o0’q g0f;Pd’kodkog,vn ’7n gxoa 0oA oec80j oA lo6 dk’9oq Ivf0oA mvh ’4oyj D gvvN povh ’c,pj ’y p’a ,,u o6 g-vnh f\\5 oja 0tspoa rPo .odkovvdcI’’kog-oja G gIfa wIFj gIfa okF gIfa l;oF 8Osd6 m=w\\F spy[xda 4da cl;j F 19

Ida ]d6 cr’sk^ oD gvvN povh ’c,pj ’y p’a wfxh tdv[l;j og0kQ gxoa mtskoF 8es;^ fF 7l6 voFສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ mkj o\\=F oaddy]kF de,tdvoDDD ma’pv,glplts^tm5d1kj ’grnjv7;k,l5d0v’7v[7q; c]t 7P’[kj 7P’wsj^ d[a grf-kpgrvnj rfa mtokxtgmf-kf.sdh kh ;|kh 9tg]ou I’j5 gIvn ’ 8ts^vfwxD 7e4k, !D c,jpy’]k;,u[qf[kfle7aoco;.fL @D gxaospa’9bj’8hv’g7qk]q[oa[4nc,jpy’L # D 9qj’g]qjk;Pd’ko0v’c,jpy’1j6.o7v[7q;F la’7q,mjuoadIPowfhpyoF wfhIh6 c]t wfhgsao 9kdcs^j’0jk;8jk’ML [qfIPoG c,pj ’y ,[u fq [kfle7oa 1.6j o7v[7;q c]t l’a 7,q D ltooA F gIkq [7+ ;o9ecodgrfp’y F 8hv’.shdPfF g7qk]q[oa[4nF -;j pgs^nvF lk,ad7uIadcr’F .sh7;k,vq[v5jo c]t .sh de]’a .9.odkoxt8[y fa ;Pd’koD [qfg/ydsafD !D oadIPo7yf;jk0=h.fmjuz6h-kpltcf’7;k,g7qk]q[oa[4nc,jpy’L dD [+,ado’aj .dhc,pj y’D 0D v;prvoc,pj ’y .o;oa c,pj ’y lkdoq D 7D g;]k0Bo]qfF 7;o.shc,pj y’0Bodvj oD ’D [+,adgIaf;PdI;j ,da[c,pj y’D @D oadIPogsaofu s^n [+gsaofu8k,0=h7;k,fja’]j5,ouhG dD c,pj ’y 8vh ’I[a .-zh -6h kpD 0D zh6-kp8hv’gda’j d;j kzh6py’1l6j tg\\uD 7D c,pj y’8hv’Ia[zyf-v[gIaf;PdgInvom5d1kj ’ D ’D gfadohvppy’ c]t gfadohvp-kp,ulyfgmqkj mP,daoD 9D .szh -6h kpwxIPoF l;j oc,pj y’1g6j InvovvdcI’’ko-;j p7v[7;q D 20

#D cdhw0lt4kotdkoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dD g]nvd8A’sq;|hkshv’F r;dzh6-kplqomtokdao7;og]nvdgvqkmhk;cdh;F grkt]k;gxaozh6-kpD oadIPo9t7yfco;.f4hk8qogxaooadIPoshv’fP;daoD 0D svh ’ xD & d xt-,5 grvnj les^;fxt9evkmfy F ok’;oa gr’a pdq ,xn tdv[7;k, 7yfgsoa D mkh ;;oa fu7fa 7kh o c]t g;kQ ;kj G <r;dzp6h y’[+Is6h p’a fvdF [+8vh ’vvd 7;k,7yfgsoa <D ovh ’gxoa oda IPopy’9t7yfco;.f8+mkh ;;oa fuL $D 9qj’ltg|udjP;da[c,jpy’7qo|jb’.sh\\j6.oshv’2a’vkf9tgxaoc,jF c,jg4QkF 76 sn^ grjnvopy’mjuohv’Iad c]t g7qk]q[oa[4nmjul5fD phvospa’ohv’9bj’oa[4n c]t Iadcr’c,jpy’7qooAoL 21

[fq mu ) dkoI;j ,,dn [a grvjn o[kh o.d7h P’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ gsfdko 76,v[;Pd[hko.shoadIPoshv’ xD& x6d8Qow,h16jvhv,3I’IPoD 76.shc8]j t95x6d 8oQ w,.h s4h dn ;my u c]t -cjn 4;fDu I6[ ! I6[ @ 7e4k,G !D oda IPo9’jq l’a gdf c]t vtm[y kpI[6 rk[dkoxd6 8oQ w,0h v’c8]j t9g5 xoa co;.fL @D zoq 0v’dkoxd6 8oQ w,0h v’c8]j t9g5 xoa co;.fL [qfIPo dkoI;j ,,dn [a grvjn o[kh o.d7h P’gxoa l’jy mfuj Fu dkogIfa ;Pd9t,7u ;k,ltf;d c]t wfIh [a zoq fDu ltooA F oda IPo7;oI;j ,,-n ;j pgsvn^ g-’yj doa c]t doa f’aj 7elr5 klfy wflh vo;kj G <w,]h efP;]vh ,I;hq [w+ 0;j wr[j r+ vh ,cx’[kh o[g+ Ivn ’< D [qfg/ydsafG !D oadIPo9qj’vjko0=h7;k,]j5,oUG 0=h.fmjultcf’g4y’dkoIj;,,nda[grnjvo[hko .dh7P’L dD ;Pd0v’.zc,oj zh6oAogIafD 0D Ic6h [’j xoa ;Pd.sch 8]j t7oq D 22

7D .szh v6h noj gIfa c88j oq gv’wxsy^oh D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ’D gIaf;PdI;j ,da[7qovonj D 9D gIaf;Pdl;j o];,8hv’,udkoxbdlkdaoD @D oadIPogsaofuda[0=h7;k,]j5,oU[+L grktgsf.fL dD zh6gIaf;Pdgd’aj gmkqj oAo9’bj 8hv’dkoI;j ,,nda[z6hvonj D 0D g;]k8vh ’dko7;k,-;j pgs^vn 9’jb I;j ,,dn [a 7oq vojn D 7D 4kh [+,udkoI;j ,,ndaogIaf;Pd];,9trq[7;k,sp5h’pkdD ’D dkoI;j ,,ngIaf;Pdda[7qovnoj 9twfh7;k,Ih6 c]t ,uxtlq[dkoD #D oadIPo7yf;jk0=h7;k,.f]j5,oUgxao;Pdmju4nd8hv’L dD shv’wfh,v[|hkmuj.shok’;aoF ok’rvo c]t mhk;lvoxtfa[xtfkdtfko 0jk;0v’shv’D r;dg0qkwfhc[j’xao|hkmujdaoD ok’rvo0Po0jk;F mhk; lvoc8h,0v[dtfko0kj ;F l;j o ok’;ao9af;k’[qf0kj ;D 0D m5dMvkmyfF c8]j t7v[7q;16[j hkookwfh9af8ah’daovvdcI’’kogIafvtokw, 8k,glAomk’F Ivj ’oE c]t vhv,[hkoD mhk;l5d,ad9tg]nvdgvqk;Pd’kj p c]t g[qkmulj 5fF g,nvj 8qogIafc]h;d+2hk;g,nvgInvog[’yj 3m]tmafD $D oadIPo9qj’lqomtokdaogrjnvcdhw0lt4kotdkofaj’]j5,oUG dD vkmfy |kh svh ’xD &} 0 9twf9h fa 8’A doa gd[a fvdw,Dh 9m5 u @ 4dn ,v[\\kpdtdP, lt4komuj,;j o-njoD 4hkoadIPogxaolt,k-yd95 @ 7yf;kj 9txt8y[afco; .fL &D oadIPo9qj’g]qjk;Pd0v’8qomjuwfhIj;,,nda[grjnvo[hko.dh7P’ .o7v[7q;F \\j6grjnvoF okp76F -k;[hko.dh7P’DDD 8k,8k8t]k’]j5,oUD ]}f govN .o;Pdmwju fxh t8[y fa zIh6 ;j ,,n ;my du koI;j ,,n ! gIfa vtokw,];,0v’svh ’ md5 7oq .osvh ’ c[’j ;Pddoa gIfa gxoa 9}5 |;j p @ DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD # DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD $ DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 23

[qfmu _ Iad[hkogduf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g]jnv’G Iad[hkogduf [hkogdufc,oj [vj omujgIqkgduf c]t g8u[.spDj g,njvg;Qkg4y’[hkogduf7;o7yfg4y’ rF+ c,j 7fy g4’y rk[me,t-kfmlju ;p’k,g-oja G s;h poE]eg-F rz6 kxkj f’q m0uj P;’k,F mqj’okd;hk’.spj c]t 7yfIvf8Qo3r.sp1j 6j0hk’;afg-y’j 0hvp c]t \\6jrhv,daowxs^yho \\kd]uh c]t 1vdw]dj oa 1kj ’,;j o-ojn m’a gxoa [vj o.s-h k;[kh owxokd[a ,ko’ja rda g-kq .8h Iq,j dqd3r grnvj [aogmqk7;k,vyfg,nvj p.sh9k’skpwxD 16jgmy’8qho3r,uoqdIhv’9yd9HvdF 9=c97nlP’fqo8u2a’c]h;gxao8k,;j os6cmhMD g;]k16j[hkoF 0hvp c]t \\6j-;odaowxoa’j 16jdhv’sqj,3r grnjvg]qjkg]jnv’8jk’M c]t s^yho\\kdwIjok1jk’,j;o-jnoD rhv,daooAo 0vh pdp= ’a []+ ,n I[6 rk[0v’-k;[kh owx8da [kfF 1kfoEF gIfa [o5 doy mko1;6j fa .d8h oQ 3rD grkt;fa gxoa [vj og8khq 3I,7;k,lk,da 7uF gxoa [vj oxdb lksk]n;Pd8kj ’M0v’[kh oD Iad[hkogdufc,oj Iadr+F c,Fj vhkpF gvnhvpF pkfruoj hv’ c]t -k;[hkom5d7qomuwj fh rhv,daogIafwIFj gIafokfh;p7;k,f5\\aoj shk;sao c]t xqdxadIadlk[hko0v’8qo.sh ,u7;k,ltvkfl;p’k,D 24

ltooA F Ida [kh ogdfu gIkq 8vh ’,ou E.9Ida -[a rtpkdvome,t-kfF Ida ,o6 g-vhn voa fuສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ’k,0v’7v[7;q c]t [kh ogdfu 0v’8oq D |kh m8uj oQ 80= v’r;dgIkq c,oj 8’A .9IOIPoF g/dy /oq ss+^ v^ ,8oq gv’.sdh kpgxoa roq ]tg,vn ’f0u v’-kfF 8’Aa |kh xtdv[l;j olkh ’lk c]t rfa mtok[kh ogdfu 8k,7;k,lk,kf0v’8oq F grvjn gIfa .s[h kh o0v’gIkq ,7u ;k,9tg]ou dkh ;|kh c]t md5 7oq 1g6j 1oa gxoa ld5 D 7e4k,G !D gxoa sp’a r;dgIkq 9’bj Ida [kh ogdfu g,vn ’ovoL @D r;dgIkq 8vh ’gIfa sp’a grnvj ltcf’g4y’oE.9Ida [kh ogdufg,nv’ovoL [qfIPoG [kh ogdufg,nv’ovogxoa [vj ogduf0v’c8]j t7oq D r;dgIkq 8vh ’Ida [kh ogduf0v’8oq 7ndoa d[a Ida r+F c,0j v’8oq gv’D ltooA F r;dgIkq 8vh ’8’A .9IOIPo c]t g/yd/oq s^+s^v, 8oq gv’.sdh kpgxoa roq ]tg,nv’fu0v’-kfD [qfg/ydsaf !D oadIPo9q’j \\kp 9 .l0j =h7;k,]5,j oUG 0.=h fltcf’g4y’dkoIda [kh ogdufg,nv’ovoL dD 7yfIvf[hkogdufg,nvj pk,wd9kdD 0D [+,adwx1k,[hkogdufD 7D xtdv[l;j oxd6 8oQ w,1h 86j k,mk’0v’[kh oD ’D Iadlk c]t zao0tspkp,6og-hnvvaofu’k,0v’[hkogdufD 9D xtdv[l;j o8kh oly’j mu[j +fu1.6j ol’a 7,q D lD xtdv[l;j og0Qk.odkog;opk,0v’[hkoD -D 4,Y 0gU spvN -t-kpD 25

@D oadIPogsaofu8k,0=h7;k,]j5,ouh[+L ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dD 8vh ’dkoxtdv[l;j oltgrkt[kh o10j6 v’8oq gv’gmkjq ooA D 0D xtdv[l;j od+lkh ’3I’IPo0v’[kh oD 7D 7oq ,u]kpwflh ’6 gmkqj ooA 9’jb xtdv[l;j og0kQ .odkorfa mtok[kh ogdufD ’D 8hv’xqdxadIadlk c]t zao0tspkpsaf4tderNog,nv’0v’mhv’4yoj D #D oadIPo9qj’lqomtokgrnjvcdhw0lt4kotdkofaj’]5j,oUG dD [hko0v’mhk;7ede]a’lhk’s=lt\\5f];,0v’[hkoD mhk;7egxaosj;’[+I6h ;kj 8oq gv’9txtdv[l;j olkh ’s=lt\\f5 co;.fL 0D .o8vog-kQ 0v’;oa glkq F |;j pgpkq ;t-oq wf9h fa 8’A gIfa vtokw,8k,4t|oq soq mk’0v’[hkoD ok’rvoludP,9tvvdwxgIafvtokw,oe\\6jF r=fu9njwfh;jk 8oq gv’wf9h fq ]kpdko 3m]tmfa grvjn 9tg[’jy .o8vog-kQ ;oa glkq D oda IPo7fy ;kj ok’rvolu9tgIfa co;.fL pvh osp’a L $D oadIPo9tgIafspa’grnjvltcf’g4y’oE.9Iad[hkogdufg,nv’ovoL &D oadIPo9qj’-vdI6hz6hmuj,uzqo’koF Iuf7v’xtgrouvaofu’k,0v’[hkogduf g,nv’ovo sn^ I6[rk[me,t-kfdjP;da[[hkogduf0v’8qogv’}[qfgr’F dk[dvo,kg]qjkl6j\\6j2a’D 26

[qfmu !W veokfdkoxqd7v’mhv’4oyj ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko9fa 8’A 1.j6 omvh ’4ojy ,su k^ p0oA g-oja G [kh oF g,vn ’ c]t c0;’ s^n ot7vos;^ ’gxoa 8oQ D 1.j6 oveokfdkoxdq 7v’0oA mvh ’4ojy ,gu 9kQ c0;’F g9kQq g,vn ’ s;q |kh gmflt[ko c]t okp[kh oD [qf[kfle7ao0v’veokfdkoxqd7v’mhv’4yjo7nG { g9kQ c0;’F g9kQ 7v’ot7voF g9kQ g,vn ’ ,lu fy c]t |kh mfju ’ja oGU T 9af8A’xt8y[afm5d,t8y7elaj’0v’0Aogmy’F xt8y[af]af4tme,to6o c]t dfq \\kp0v’]fa ;k’vvd1kj ’g0,A ’;fD T -Uoe c]t d;fdkdkog7vnj ows;0v’m5d0tc|’dkoF m5d0Aom0uj Boda[0v[ g0fI[a zfy -v[0v’8oq D T 7h5,7v’rqo]tg,nv’F ry9k]tcdhw07eIhv’m5d c]t 7eltg|u0v’xt-k-qo 8k,0v[g0flyfmuwj fhde|qfw;h.odqf\\kpD { s;q |kh gmflt[ko,lu fy c]t |kh m.ju odko;k’czodkoF 9fa 8’A xt8[y fa c]t 7,5h 7v’rfa mtok8;q g,vn ’F 7;k,gxoa ]t[P[IP[Ivh p.o8;q g,vn ’D { okp[kh o,7u ;k,I[a zfy -v[9fa 8’A xt8[y fa ]t[P[ dfq \\kp c]t ,t87y el’ja 0v’]fa F xdq xda Ida lk7;k,lts’[q F 7;k,gxoa ]t[P[IP[Ivh p0v’[kh o c]t rfa mtok [kh o.s,h 7u ;k,9tg]ou l;u wy ]D 27

ovd9kdoFU p’a ,vu ’q dko9fa 8’A vojn Mvdu g-oja G de,t[koF ltstroa p’y F -k;\\,j5 F lt,k ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 7,q rc+ ,oj da IPoDDD veokfdkoxdq 7v’mvh ’4ojy c8]j t0oA ,7u ;k,I[a zfy -v[8k,rk]t [fq [kf0v’.z]k; c]t xtdv[l;j og0kQ .ork]tdfy xdq xda Ida lk c]t rfa mtokxtgmf -kf.s,h 7u ;k,9tg]ou dkh ;|kh c]t ,7u ;k,lts’[q F xt-k-oq [oa fkgzkjq wf1h fj6 du oy fu ,7u ;k,ld5 D ltooA F r;dgIkq 8vh ’g7kq ][q o[a 4Fn .shdPf c]t .sdh koI;j ,,on eveokfdko xdq 7v’mvh ’4ojy f;h pdkoxtdv[l;j omk’fkh ogsvjn cI’F ;fa 45 c]t 9fy .98k,7;k, lk,kf0v’.z]k;grnjvgIaf.shmhv’4yjo0v’8qo,u7;k,v5fq,lq,[6o c]t dhk;|hk 8tsv^ fwxD 7e4k,G !D veokfdkoxqd7v’0Aomhv’4yjo,u9ad0Ao 7n 0Ao.fcfjL @D lyf c]t |hkmuj0v’c8j]t0Ao,uspa’cfjL #D gIqkgxaolt,k-yd0v’[hkogIqk8hv’xtdv[lj;ospa’cfjL [qfIPoG veokfdkoxdq 7v’mvh ’4ojy c,oj v’q dko9fa 8’A voa |’jb mcju |oh cdoj g-’jy xtdv[l;j o g0kQ .odkolkh ’lkrfa mtokxtgmf.s,h 7u ;k,g0,A c0’ c]t \\oA 7’q D ltooA F r;dgIkq md5 7oq 8vh ’g7kq ][q o[a 4zn .h6 spFj zvh6 k;35 lF zmh6 ,ju vu eokf1.j6 omvh ’4ojy gIkq F 7;o.sdh Pf c]t -d5 pF6h l’jq gl,u r;dgrojy F lkh ’g’vjn ow0ltf;d.srh ;dgrojy wfgh 7vjn ows;;Pd’ko.slh eg]fa 8k,[fq [kf c]t |kh mIju [a zfy -v[0v’.z]k;D [qfg/ydsafG !D .soh da IPo\\kp4dn X9? c]t zfy XX ? ]’q .l0j 7h= ;k,],j5 o.U s4h dn 8vh ’D dD mkh ;7efgu 0kQ I;j ,dkoles;^ fgpkq ;t-oq md5 7’A D 0D ok’;oa o[u w+ xlda 1kxvh ’doa rtpkfvts;y kD 7D mkh ;cf’xtdv[l;j ogIfa vtokw,1.j6 o[kh omd5 7’A D ’D ok’7v’gxfu gr’a lP’f’a ][q d;ogrvjn o[kh o.d7h P’D 28

[fq mu !! Ida xtgmf-kf c0;’ zQ’lk]u c0;’ s^;’oEmkc0v;5f’q,w- c0;’ c0s;^;’’rt[k’ c0s;q;’rao [+cdh; c0;’ c-0P;’’0;k’ w-pt [6]u c0;’ ;P’9ao c0;’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ot7vos^;’ [=]y7ew- ;P’9ao c0;’ 7e,j;o c0;’ lts;aootg0f c0;l’k]t;ao c0;’ g-dv’ 9ecx0k;la’d vaf8tcxn0;’ czomxju tgmf]k; 29

g0vjn ow22kh oE’,jn ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ m’jq wssou -P’0;k’ 30

;fa -P’mv’ Xs;^ ’rt[k’? ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 7vortgr’a X9exklda ? 31

4E]5’l5rko5;q’ X;P’w-{sq;rao? ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ xtgmf]k;wfph on p’q 7’q 8;q F g8[u .sp0j tspkp8;q ,ksk^ plt8t;fa c]t ,,u o6 g-vN mju xtglfu g]fu ]E0v’8oq 7Gn 7;k,Ida -kfvoa l’6 l’jq F 7;k,lk,da 78u l+ 8h6 kh olfa 8v6 oa gffa fPj ; |P;c|oh F 7;k,f\\5 oja 0tspoa rPo c]t ,su ;q 7fy xtffy lkh ’.odkovvdcI’’koD rkps’a^ wfIh [a w-tot1kj ’l,q [o6 c]t wflh t4kxtokxtgmf-kfgxoa xtgmf lkmk]t ot]fa xt-kmxy tw8 xt-k-oq ]k; .o;oa mu @ gfvn omoa ;k xu !_(&F xt-k-oq ]k;[oa fkgzkjq wfIh ;j ,cI’I;j ,.9doa xdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf.sgh xoa xdb czoj c|oh |kD ltooA F r;dgIkq 8vh ’ rkdr,6 .9F lk,da 7du oa xdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf.sgh 0,A c0’ c]t \\oA 7’q 8tsv^ fwxD xfa 9[5 oa F c8gj |vn Ivf.8,h 4u t|oq soq mk’wx,kskl36j fp mk’[dq F mk’oE c]t mk’vkdkfwf1h kj ’ltf;dD ovdooA F p’a ,gu loA mk’g-vjn ,8d+ [a xtgmf9ou F s;Pfok,F dexg6 9pF wm c]t ,lu kpdko[oy r;q roa d[a sk^ pxtgmfD xtgmf]k;p’a ,-u [a rtpkdvome,t-kfmvju f5 ,q l,q [o6 g-oja G rz6 k xkj w,Fh c,joE ]eg-F g7vjn ’xkj 0v’f’q c]t [c+ Ioj kM-tofy D ovdooA F xtgmf]k;p’a ,;u fa mtotmeF Ifu 7v’xtgromu gju xoa ,o6 g-vnh voa f’u k,0v’-kfF ,;u fa ;kvkIk,F [I6 kolt4koF ;fa 45 [I6 kom,uj 7u o5 7kj l’6 c]t wf4h dn I[a Iv’.sgh xoa ,]= tfdq 0v’3]dg-oja G g,vn ’s;^ ’rt[k’ Xxu !__&? c]t ;fa r96 exklda Xxu @WW!?D f’ja ooA F r;dgIkq gxoa 7oq ]k;F 8vh ’rkdr,6 .9 c]t Ida xtgmf-kf0v’8oq D 32

7e4k, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D zkj odkoIPo[qfoUoadIPo,u7;k,Ih6lbd8+xtgmf]k; c]t 8+7qo]k;co;.f L @D oadIPopa’Ih6spa’8jn,dPj ;da[xtgmf-kf0v’gIqkL X,6og-hnvfhko;afmtotmeF zqo’ko 8kj ’Mmk’fhkoglf4tdyfF dkolbdlk c]t [6Ikolt4komuj3f’j fa’DDD? #D oadIPo7;oxtrbf8qoco;.fgrnvj ltcf’g4y’7;k,Iadxtgmf-kfL [qfIPo xtgmf]k;gxoa xtgmf|’bj m,uj ru z6 kxkj f’q 0P;lfq ’fq ’k,F ,cu ,oj E]eg-wsz^ kj oc8j g|vn Ivf.8Fh ,-u [a rtpkdvome,t-kfs;^ ’sk^ pF ,;u fa mtotmeF Ifu 7v’xtgrou c]t ,o6 g-nhvvoa fu’k,,kc8[j I6 kootdkoD xtgmf]k;de]’a rfa mtokwxg]NvpMD r;dgIqk8hv’Iad c]t rkdr6,.9muwj fhgdufgxao7qo]k;F -kf]k;8hv’8A’.9IPoF g/dy /oq ss+^ v^ ,8oq gv’ .sdh kpgxoa roq ]tg,vn ’f0u v’-kf grvjn xtdv[l;j o g0kQ .odko xqdxadIadlk c]t lhk’lkxtgmf-kf.sh9tg]uodhk;|hk8ts^vfwxD [qfg/ydsaf !D oadIPo9qj’[vd ;aoF gfnvoF xu]j5,ouhdq’da[gsfdkospa’cfj0v’]k;L dD ;aomu @ mao;k xu !_(& 0D ;aomu !@ 85]k xu!_$& 7D ;aomu !# mao;k xu !_@W ’D ;aomu @! ,uok xu !_$* 33

I[6 mu ! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ I[6 mu @ I[6 mu # 34

I[6 mu $ I[6 mu & 35 ສະຫສງວ.ວນ.ລສຂິ ະສດິ

I[6 mu * I[6 mu ( ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ I[6 mu ) 36

I[6 mu _ I[6 mu !W I[6 mu !! @D oadIPo9qj’la’gdfI6[rk[mu !{!! c]t vtmy[kpI6[rk[.fmujdjP;0hv’da[ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ xtgmf]k;D #D 4hkoadIPogxaoz6hoemjP;F oadIPo9tltg|uvao.fcfj8+c0dmju,kmjv’mjP; g,nv’]k;L Xme,t-kfF [6Ikolt4komjuoadIPoIh6 s^n wfhpyo?D $D oadIPo9qj’c8h, s^n -vdI6[djP;da[xtgmf]k;}ok’lk;]k;}[qfgr’F dk[dvoDDD 37

[fq mu !@ Ida loa 8ry k[ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g]njv’G lkpg]nvf8jk’dao ok’fk]kgxoa 7oq ]k;F ok’vk,oy gxoa 7oq 9ou c]t mkh ; ;oa cv’a gxoa 7oq s;Pfok,F m’a lk,7oq gxoa grvjn odoa c]t IPo13j6 I’IPofP;doa D r;dg0kq m’a lk,Ida cr’ c]t lt|fy lt|,q doa fDu md5 ;oa glkq F ok’fk]kF ok’vk,oy c]t mkh ;;oa cv’a ,da ,k7oQ 7;kh [fq IPo c]t cdh[qfg/ydsafoedaoD 4hkok’fk]k[+g0Qk.9[qfIPoF ok’vk,yo c]t mhk; ;aocva’ d=-;j pvtmy[kp.shD 8jk’7qo8jk’c]dxjPo[qfIPo c]t -vdI6hg-y’j dao c]t daoD ok’fk]k ,adg]qkj .shr+F c,0j v’]k;2a’;kj G <163j I’IPo0v’]6d,uoadIPo,k9kd s^kp[vj o c]t 3I’IPod=,u]t[P[;ywofuF oadIPo[+g7up8udao s^n zyf4P’dao9adgmnvj D r;dgIqk,u7;k,lk,ad7uF Iadcr’F -;j pgs^nvg-y’j dao c]t daofu< D ,|N ’jb .o-;jq 3,’vvdsoY^ F ok’ fk]kF ok’ vk,oy c]t mkh ;;oa cv’a o’ja ],q doa 1dj6 vh ’ I,jq w,Dh ok’fk]kg;kQ d[a grvjn om’a lv’;kj G <oda IPomIju Po1oj6 gU 4’y 9t,k 9kdxtgmfvojn s^n rkp.oxtgmfd=8k, r;dgIqkd=Iadcr’lt|yflt|q,dao [+wfh9ecodg-Nv-kfF zy;raoF lklt|kD r;dgIqkIPo c]t 16Ij ;j ,dao1kj ’ ,u7;k,lts’q[<D ok’ vk,yo 38

d=g;Qk0Bovud;kj G <0hvpd=7ndaoF [+;kj 7qoxtgmf.fd=,ad 7;k,lts’q[F Iadlao8yrk[F ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [,+ .u zfvd,da 7;k,;oj5 ;kpF ,da 8du oa D md5 7oq ];h oc81j kd1Ij6 ;j ,doa 1kj ’loa 8<y D 9kdooA F mhk;;aocva’d=g;Qk;kj G <0hvpd=gsaofuda[7eg;qQk 0v’ ok’ vk,yo c]t ok’fk]k<D g,njvlP’dtcs^j’fa’0Bor;dg0qkma’lk,d=2hk; g0Qkshv’IPofh;p.[|hkpY,cph, c9,j .lD 7e4k,G !D ok’fk]kF ok’vk,oy c]t mkh ; ;oa cv’a Ida cr’ c]t lt|fy lt|,q doa co;.fL @D 3I’IPomuoj k’fk]kF ok’vk,yo c]t mhk; ;aocva’IPo16gj xaoco;.fL #D 9kd[qfg]vnj ’oUoadIPowfhIPoI6hspa’cfLj [qfIPoG lao8yrk[\\kpg4y’7;k,lts’q[F 7;k,,ulao8yl5d1kj ’cmh9y’D m5d7qom,uj k9kd sk^ p[vj od8= k,F 4kh r;dgIkq ,7u ;k,lk,da 7Fu Ida cr’ c]t 1Ij6 ;j ,doa f;h p7;k,lts’[q F [c+ 8t8vh ’g4’y lfy veokfg-’jy doa c]t doa dl= k,kf1Ij6 ;j ,doa wfDh ltooA F r;dgIkq 8vh ’ lkh ’lkpr;q roa c]t lk,da 7Iu da cr’doa d[a md5 -kfF md5 gzkjq F rvh ,doa lkh ’lk c]t rfa mtokxtgmf]k;.s9h tg]ou I’j5 gIvn ’D [qfg/ydsafG !D oadIPo gsaofu sn^ [+gsaofuda[0=h7;k,]5j,oUG dD lq’7k,gIaf.shdkofe]q’-u;yf0v’7qo[+,u7;k,l5dD 0D gfda ovh pm1uj x6j tgmfI’ja ,ugmkqj ooA 9’bj ,ulyffe]q’-u;yf,uloa 8yrk[D 7D ,uc8mj tskogmkqj oAo,u|hkmxuj qdxadIadlklao8yrk[D ’D z6hm,uj u7;k,dhk;|hk1.6j o3]d]h;oc88j +l6hgrvnj lao8yrk[D @D dkoxtrbf.f]5j,oUmujltcf’g4y’oE.9Iadlao8yrk[L dD dkosoY^ c[[.-7h ;k,Io5 cI’D 0D dkos^YoI6h.shvtwrg-yj’dao c]t daoD 7D lkh ’lkpr;q roa lk,da 7du [a -kfvojn D ’D ,da .-7h ;k,Io5 cI’87+ oq vojn #D 9qj’0Po0=h7;k,djP;da[dkog7njvows;grnjvlao8yrk[ #{$ 1jk’D 8q;1jk’G pjk’grnjvlao8yrk[ 39

[fq mu !# ltstxt-k-kf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ v’q dkoltstxt-k-kf XlDxD-? c,oj v’q dko9fa 8’A lkdoq mdju ;kh ’0;k’F lkh ’8’A 0Bo[qorNo4ko7;k,ltg\\urk[ mk’fhkovtmyxtw80v’m5dxtgmf.o3]dF 3fp[+ 9ecodxtgmfmuj,urqo]tg,nv’s^kp sn^ |hvpD xtgmfmujgxaolt,k-yd XlDxD-? ];h oc8wj fIh [a lyfzoq xt3spf9kdv’q dkoD ltstxt-k-kf8A’0Bo1kj ’gxaomk’dko.o;aomu @$ 85]k xu !_$&D 95fxtlq’ 0v’vq’dkoltstxt-kfc,oj grnvj lhk’lao8yrk[ c]t 7;k,ltg\\urk[.omq;j 3]dD ,kIvf;aomu !W mao;k !_$) lt,af-k.sp0j v’ltstxt-k-kf Xlx-? wfhxtdkf 4tcs^’dko;jkfh;plyfmy,to5f1jk’gxaomk’dkoD ;aomu @W rt9yd !_)_ wfh.sh lfa 8tpk[oa I[a Iv’gvkq loq my loa pk;kj f;h plyfmygfda D xaf95[ao Xxu @WW)? ltstxt-k-kf,ult,k-ydma’\\qf !_@ xtgmfg-y’j .ooAo xtgmf]k;wfhg0Qkgxaolt,k-yd0v’ltstxt-k-kf.o;aomu !$ gfnvomao;kxu !_&&D g,nvj ]k;wfhg0Qkgxaolt,k-yd 0v’ltstxt-k-kfc]h; d=wfhI;j ,,ndaoda[xt gmfgs^qjkoAo grnjvxt8y[af8k,95fxtlq’0v’ltstxt-k-kfF rhv,daooAod=,us^kp vq’dko9af8A’0v’ltstxt-k-kf16.j oxtgmfgIqkg-aoj G vq’dkodv’mbogrnvj gfad s^n v5poyg-a[ XUNICEF?F vq’dkolbdlk;ymtpklkf c]t ;afmtotmecs’j ltstxt-k -kf s^n v5pcoflt3d XUNESCO?F vq’dkovtokw,3]d XWHO?S vq’dkovksko c]t dtglf cs’j ltstxt-k-kf XFAO? gxao8QoD 16jxtgmf]k;gIqk ,uleoad’kovq’dkoltstxt-k-kfxt9e]k;g-yj’8A’16j ot7vos^;’;P’9oa D 7e4k,G !D 7;k,\\kp0v’vq’dko XlDxD-? c,oj spa’L @D oadIPoI6hspa’cfdj Pj ;da[ltstxt-k-kfL #D xtgmf]k;gIqk,udkorq;raoda[ltstxt-k-kfco;.fL [qfIPoG vq’dkoltstxt-k-kf c,jovq’dko9af8A’|b’j mulj hk’0Bo [qorNo4ko7;k, ltg\\urk[fhkovtmyxtw80v’m5dxtgmf.omqj;3]dDgxQk\\kp0v’ltstxt-k-kf c,jogrnjvIadlklao8yrk[0v’3]dF gIaf;PdIj;,dao grnjv-j;p.shm5d7qo,u-u;yfmujfuF sf5^ zvj o7;k,md5 pkdF ][q ]kh ’7;k,[+I|h6 ’a lFn 1f5 1’A dkome]kp l’jy c;f]vh , c]t lq’j glu,.shg7qk]q[lyf c]t gl]urk[0v’dao c]t daoD 40

[qfg/ydsaf !D .soh da IPol’a gdfI[6 loa pt]da 8kj ’M0v’ltstxt-k-kf g7nvj ’\\kpltstxt-k-kf vq’dkodv’mbogrvnj gfad vq’dkolbdlk;ymtpklkf c]t UN csj’ltstxt-k-kf ;afmtotmecsj’ltstxt-k-kf vq’dkovtokw,3]d ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ WHO vq’dkoly’j c;f]hv, v’q dkocI’’ko csj’ltstxt-k-kf lkdoq 37’dkorafmtok vq’dkoltstxt-k-kf csj’ltstxt-k-kf grvnj xt-kdvo UNFPA vq’dkovksko c]t dtglf csj’ltstxt-k-kf 41

[qfmu !$ xqdxadIadlk-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g]njv’G -a[rtpkdvome,t-kf xtgmf]k;,u-[a rtpkdvome,t-kfs^kp1kj ’g-oaj G [+gs^da F [+d;qj F [+-noF [+,kfF [m+ v’F [7+ eF [s+ ou dk;F [4+ kj osou F [c+ d;h DDD c]t ,wu ,sh k^ p-tofy G w,lh da F w,fh F6j w,0h tp’5 F w,ph k’F w,ch 87h kj F w,3h ]’j g]’F w,gh dflt|kDDD c]t ,ug7nvj ’xkj 0v’f’q 1kj ’s^;’s^kp mulj q’j vvd8kj ’xtgmfg-ajoG \\kdc|’j F 7a’j F pkoDDD ,ulafxkj okMraoG -hk’F d;k’F glnvF \\uF 2koF ’6DDD g-y’j c,oj me,t-kflhk’0BoD ly’j gs^qkj oU]h;oc8gj xaoxt3spf.shcdj dkofe]’q -u;yf 0v’7oq gIkq 1kj ’s^;’s^kpD ,tof5 wf0h f5 7oQ c]t oe.--h [a rtpkdvome,t-kfg0kQ .odkozt]fy F 0tspkp glf4tdyfg-aoj G 05f7Qo[+4kj osuoIa[.-hv5flkstdeF Ia[.-h-u;yfdkogxao16j0v’7qoF oe .-hgIafgInvoF 3I’’koF .-hrt]a’’kooEgIafg0jnvow22hkF oe.-hrt]a’’kocl’ 8kg;aogrnjvlt|v’rt]a’’kog0Qk.odkozt]yf c]t dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’7qogIqkDDD .oxt9[5 oa -[a rtpkdvome,t-kfgskjq^ ooA de]’a 9t[dq cs’h ]’q Xlfa xkj F s;h poEF 42

]eg-F xkj w,h4ndme]kpF gdufwroE4h;,F csh’c]h’F rtpkfs^kp-toyf gduf0BoDDD? ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ faj’oAoF rad c]t ]af4t[ko]k;9b’j ;k’,kf8tdko.shxt-k-qo]k;m5d7qo 8vh ’xdq xda Ida lk c]t oe.--h [a rtpkdvome,t-kf1kj ’xt1fa c]t l,q gsfl,q zoq D ovdooA F md5 M xu g,vjn Ivf;oa mu ! ,4y o5 k xt-k-oq ]k;rvh ,doa xd6 8oQ w,h grvjn .sxh kj w,7h ’q 1o6j e-kf]k;8ts^vfwxD 7e4k,G !D -[a rtpkdvome,t-kf ,zu oq xt3spf 8+dkofe]’q -;u fy 0v’xt-k-oq ]k; co;.fL @D r;dgIqk9tgIafco;.fgrnvj xqdxadIadlk-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf .shpnopq’ 7’q 8;q 8ts^vfwxL [qfIPoG dkoxqdxadIadlkF vto5Iad c]t rafmtok-a[rtpkdvome,t-kfgrnvj .shpno p’q 8ts^vfwxc,oj |kh m0uj v’r;dgIkq \\fq md5 7oq m8ju vh ’xtdv[l;j oD [qfg/ydsafG !D oadIPo9qj’[vd7ela[.f]j5,oU-U[vd-a[rtpkdvome,t-kfL dD fyox6d/a’ 0D xkj w,h 7D foy c7,s;h p ’D foy -kp 9D [4+ kj osou lD [o+ E,oa -D ],q pD cl’8kg;oa fD l;o\\kdc8’ 8D 3I’’ko-,u ’a 4D |v’me,t-kf 43

mD oE8dq 8kf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ oD oE[kfko [D oE/oq @D oadIPo9qj’-vd-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf ! 1jk’0v’]k; s^n 0v’mhv’4jyo ,kltg|u .sh\\j62a’D #D dkoltcf’7;k,7yfgsao c]t .shgsfzqoD dD -a[rtpkdvome,t-kf[+,u;ao[qdcsh’D 0D 4hk[+oe.-h1kj ’xt1af c]t lq,gsflq,zqoF oEltvkfd=9t[+,uD 7D dkoxqdxadIadlk-a[rtpkdvome,t-kfc,joxqdxhv’lyf.odkofe]q’ -u;yf0v’md5 7oq D $D 0=h7;k,.f]j5,oUc,jodkoxqdxadIadlk-a[rtpkdvome,t-kfL dD 96fwIwj 2w\\hxjkD 0D [+0f5 7oQ oE[kfko-t-kpD 7D 4k’xkj D ’D .-hw22hkF oEF g9hpDDD 1kj ’xt1afD 9D ]kj lfa m,uj 7u kj D lD lhk’xkj lts’;ome,t-kf c]t l;olkmk]totD &D oadIPo9qj’lqomtok[k’;ymu.odkooe.-h-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf1jk’ xt1af Xw22hkF oEF 4jkoF xjkw,hDDD?D 44

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