Green-Sungava-Nepali-7

gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7o\\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b| eQmk/' af6 :jLst[ ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf & ;Dkfbs afn] fO ;Lk ;g' fO ;Lk k|eftL ls/0f k9fO ;Lk nv] fO ;Lk n]vs zAb1fg afnsG] bL| lzIf0f gf/fo0f lg/f;L Jofjxfl/s 1fg bLks zdf{ k|ofu] k/s cEof; ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 1

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf & ;Dkfbs M ke| ftL ls/0f [email protected] nv] s M gf/fo0f lg/f;L [email protected] bLks zdf{ [email protected] ks| fzs M lug| a'S; nlntk/' , gk] fn ;jf{lwsf/ M ;Dkfbs tyf nv] sx¿df ;+:s/0f M @)&$ -klxnf_] @)&% -bf];|f] kl/dflht{ _ lrqfªs\\ g M k|sfz ;dL/ uf| lkmS; M kmfs] ; sDKo6' /, cgfdgu/, sf7df8f“} [email protected] db' |0f M gk] fndf

xfd|f] s'/f efiff l;sfO cToGt hl6n ljifo xf] . o;nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ?lr, Ifdtf tyf k|of]u Ifq] sf] cfwf/df kf7o\\ jm| dn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] p2]Zosf] lgs6 /x/] k|ofu] ug{] dfWodsf] ¿kdf k:| t't ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . efiff l;sfOsf jm| ddf kf7\\ok:' tssf] e\"ldsf cxd\\ x'G5 . kf7\\ojm| dn] lgbz]{ g u/]sf] kf7\\o;fdu|LnfO{ kf7\\ok':tsn] Jojl:yt u5{ . o; z[ª\\vnfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ afn] fO, ;g' fO, k9fO tyf n]vfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkofu] L kf7\\ok:' tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf syf, sljtf, uLt, lgaGw, Psfªs\\ L, hLjgL tyf ¿ks h:tf ljwfx¿nfO{ ke| fjsf/L dfWodsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o; z[ª\\vnfdf klg sIffut Ifdtf / :t/sf] cfwf/df ;flxTosf ljljw ljwfx¿sf] oyf]lrt k|ofu] ul/Psf] 5 . ;'gufef g]kfnLsf] o; z[ª\\vnfdf kf7 5gf]6 tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 . k|Tos] kf7sf] cf/De k\"j{sfo{af6 ul/Psf] 5 . of] ljBfyLs{ f] afn] fO ;Lk;uF ;DalGwt 5 . zAbaf6 cf/De eP/ jfSosf] tx;Dd k'u]sf] kj\" {sfo{df kf7;uF ;DalGwt dfl} vs kZ| gx¿ /flvPsf 5g\\ . kf7 k9g\\ 'eGbf cl3 k[i7el\" d lgdf{0fsf] ¿kdf /flvPsf o:tf k|Zgx¿sf] dfl} vs pQ/ ljBfyLx{ ¿af6 vfh] ]/ pgLx¿sf] Wofg kf7tkm{ cfslif{t ug{' o;sf] d\"n p2]Zo xf] . o; v08df lbOPsf zAb tyf jfSox¿af6 ljBfyL{sf] zAbf]Rrf/0f tyf jfSo jfrgsf] Ifdtfdf ljsf;sf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . k\"j{k7gs} jm| ddf dn\" kf7sf] cf/Ed ug'e{ Gbf klxnf efOalxgLx¿ † eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] Wofg kf7lt/ tfGg] tyf kf7k|lt pgLx¿sf] ?lr hufpg] p2Z] on] /flvPsf] xf] . o;df kf7df ;dl] 6Psf /rgfsf ;h{ssf] ;ª\\lIfKt lrgf/L / t:jL/ lbOPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyL{nfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] eP klg cWofkgsf j|mddf lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;dt] pTk/|] ssf] ¿kdf /xf;] \\ eGg] s'/fdf ljzi] f Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . o; v08df ;DalGwt kf7sf nv] ssf] af/]df kl/ro lbP/ ljBfyLd{ f ;|i6fx¿sf] kl/ro / pgLx¿kl| t ;Ddfgsf] efj hufpg vfl] hPsf] 5 . dn\" kf7sf] k|:tl' tsf j|mddf k|Tos] ki[ 7df cK7\\of/f zAbx¿nfO{ km/s /ªdf k:| t't u/]/ ;DalGwt ki[ 7df g} zAbfy{ /flvPsf] 5 . kf7 cg's\"nsf cfsifs{ lrqx¿åf/f kf7sf] k|:t'lt ul/Psf] 5 . cEof;nfO{ k9fO, nv] fO tyf ;g' fO ;Lk ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . cEof;sf] cf/Dedf zAb1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;DalGwt kf7df /xs] f zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy{, jfSodf k|of]u, zAb e08f/cGtu{tsf kofo{ jfrL zAb, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb, cgs' /0ffTds zAb cflbsf] k|ofu] ;Fu ;DalGwt cfEofl;s k|Zgx¿ /fv/] ljBfyL{sf] zAb1fgsf] clej[l4 ug{] p2]Zo /flvPsf] 5 . k9fO÷nv] fO ;LkcGtut{ kf7df k9s] f] s'/f l;sf?n] a¹' ] ga'¹]sf] k/LIf0f ug{] p2]Zon] Ps jfSodf pQ/, 7Ls a7] Ls, vfnL 7fpF eg{] tyf hf8] f ldnfpg] cEof;sf ;fy} k7gafw] sf nflu kZ| gx¿ /flvPsf 5g\\ . o;df ;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkms{ f] cjwf/0ffsf] cg';/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

o;} v08df n]vfO ;Lk;uF ;DalGwt /x]/ x/s] kf7df Pp6f ;xfos kf7 /flvPsf] 5 . of] kf7 d\"n kf7 h;/L lzIf0f ug]{ p2Z] on] /flvPsf] xfO] g . ;xfos kf7df cg'R5b] , sljtf, syf tyf ;j+ fb /flvPsf 5g\\ . o:tf] kf7 ljBfyL{ :jod\\nfO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug{ nfpg] ga¹' s] f zAbx¿sf] cy{ atfOlbg] / pgLx¿n] cfk\"mn] k9]sf] cfwf/df lbOPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg] ug'k{ 5{ . o;sf] lzIf0fsf jm| ddf lzIfseGbf ljBfyLn{ fO{ lqmofzLn agfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] cfkmF} k9\\g] / cfkm}nF ] cEof; ug]{ u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;'gfO ;Lksf] ljsf;sf nflu cEof;df Pp6f ;'gfO ;Lk v08 g} /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu klg syf, sljtf, cg'R5b] nufotsf 5f6] f ;fduL| x¿sf] 5gf6] ul/Psf] 5 . ;'gfO ;Lksf nflu k:' tssf] cGTodf kf7x¿ /flvPsf 5g\\ . oL kf7x¿nfO{ /]s8{ u/]/ l;8Ldf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . pSt l;8Ldf kf7df ePsf sljtfx¿sf] ;:j/ jfrg klg /x]sf] 5 . lzIfsnfO{ l;8L k|fKt ePkl5 l;8L ahfP/ sIffdf ;'gfpg] / ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kf7df lbOPsf cEof; u/fpg] p2Z] on] of] v08 /flvPsf] xf] l;8L k|fKt x'g g;ss] f] jf ljBfnodf ahfpg] Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf lzIfsn] ;DalGwt kf7 sIffdf ;'gfpg] / cEof; u/fpg] ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . ;'gfO ;Lkdf ePsf] cEof; sIff sfos{ f] k|ofh] gsf nflu xf] . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;h{gzLn agfpg,] pgLx¿sf] /rgfTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2Z] on] cEof;df l;hg{ fTds ;Lk ljzi] f v08sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;df ljBfyLs{ f] l;hg{ fTds Ifdtfsf] clejl[ 4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw, hLjgL, syf cflb nv] gsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk0\" f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu clek]l| /t ul/Psf] 5 . of] v08sf] cEof;kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfnodf x'g] tyf cGo k|ltofl] utfTds lqmofsnfkdf vn' /] ;xefuL xg' ;Sg] 5g\\ . efiff l;sfOsf jm| ddf Jofs/0fsf] dxŒjk\"0f{ el\" dsf xG' 5 . kf7df cEof;cGtut{ Jofs/0f ;Lk eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . o;df kf7o\\ j|mdn] lgwf/{ 0f u/c] g;' f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLif{sx¿nfO{ ko| f]uk/s cEof; u/fpg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/]sf] ;g' ufef gk] fnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof; u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . cEof; ljGof;sf jm| ddf clGtd v08sf] ¿kdf ;fdfGo 1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ljleGg efu} fl] ns, ;f:+ sl[ ts, k|fsl[ ts, j1} flgs tyf wflds{ ljifo;uF ;DalGwt 1fgsf s/' fx¿ ;dl] 6Psf 5g\\ . of] ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] :jfWoogsf nflu xf] . lzIfs ;fyL ¤ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cEof;df ePsf ;a} v08x¿ Ps}k6s cEof; u/fpgx' b'F }g . sIffsfo{sf] ¿kdf jf u[xsfos{ f] ¿kdf Ps lbgdf Pp6f v08sf] dfq cEof; u/fpg' /fdf| ] x'G5 . c¿ v08df ePsf cEof;x¿nfO{ Ps lbgsf] nflu Pp6f v08 5gf6] u/] klg k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk eg] km/skm/s lbgdf g} cEof; u/fpg' pko'Qm xG' 5 . k:' tsdf kf7sf] ¿kdf hf]hf] ;|i6fx¿sf] l;h{gf /flvPsf] 5 pxfFx¿kl| t xfdL xflbs{ st[ 1 5f}F . kf7sf] ddc{ g';f/sf] lrq agfOlbg] k|sfz ;dL/, cfsif{s ki[ 7 ;+ofh] g ug]{ kmf]s; sDKo6' /sf /d]z dxhg{ tyf k:' tsnfO{ cfsif{s :j¿kdf ks| fzg ug]{ lu|g a'S;k|lt ljz]if cfef/ JoQm ub5{ fF} . k|:t't k':tsnfO{ efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkofu] L ;fduL| sf] ¿kdf tof/ kfg]{ xfd|f] ko| f;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;'¹fj tyf ;Nnfx xfdf| nflu dfu{bz{s aGg] 5g\\ . cfufdL lbgdf k':tsnfO{ c¹ ke| fjsf/L agfpg kl/isf/ / kl/dfh{g ub}{ hfg] jfrf ub{5f}F . n]vs tyf ;Dkfbs

ljifo ;r\" L kf7 ! sndjL/ sljtf dfwj l3ld/] 7 kf7 @ ci6fjj|m kf/} fl0fs syf – 18 kf7 # gfkmfsf] hLjg ;+:d/0f /fh]Gb| ;j' ]bL 30 kf7 $ aa' fnfO{ lr7L lr7L – 44 kf7 % hubLz l3ld/ ] hLjgL – 55 kf7 ^ l/; sljtf rj|mkfl0f rfln;] 69 kf7 & ;ªu\\ t syf gLnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sf 79 kf7 * l;4fys{ f] s?0ff gf6s /d]z ljsn 96 kf7 ( ls/ft ;+:s[lt lgaGw u0f]zs'df/ /fO{ 110 kf7 !) gk] fn gGbg sljtf jf;'bj] kf08o] 124 kf7 !! km' RrL lx/f] syf :jfut g]kfn 135 kf7 !@ dfl6g{ ny' / lsªu\\ hLjgL – 152 kf7 !# lj1fg clezfk geO{ j/bfg xf] jfbljjfb – 165 kf7 !$ ¿v / dfG5] sljtf k|eftL ls/0f 182 kf7 !% ay8{ ] luÇ6 syf /Tgdl0f gk] fn 192 kf7 !^ kf| ljlws lzIff lgaGw – 205



kf7 ! sndjL/ sljtf dfwj l3ld/] tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;a}n] k9 M xfd|f jL/ k'vfn{ ] b]zsf] /Iff u/]sf lyP . pgn] dL7f] nf]suLt ufOg\\ . xfdL sndjL/ aGg] 5fF} . xfd|f] ¹G8f lgs} /fd|f] 5 . ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 7

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d s;nfO{ sndjL/ elgG5, ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < d xfdf| kv' fx{ ¿n] s] u/]sf lyP < d sndjL/n] s]s] sfd ug{ ;S5 < d g]kfnLsf] s:tf] :jefjsf] xG' 5 < d ltdL sndjL/ aGg rfxG5f} ls v's/' LjL/ < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M d cfxf ¤ xfd|f k'vfx{ ¿ t lgs} k/fj|mdL kf] /x]5g\\ . d xfd|f k'vf{x¿ v's/' LjL/ lyP . d xfdL eg] sndjL/ aGgk' 5{ . d sndsf] ;xfotfn] ;dfhdf pHofnf] Nofpg]x¿ sndjL/ x'g\\ . d cfhsf] ljZjdf sndjL/x¿sf] cfjZostf 5 . d gk] fnsf] ks| l[ t / ;+:s[ltsf] oyfy{ j0fg{ t sndjL/n] ug{ ;S5g\\ . d gk] fnLx¿sf] lbndf gofF Hofl] t afNg] sfd sndjL/sf] xf] . d sndjL/ ;jq{ k\"Ho x'G5g\\ . 8 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

;uF s} f] t:jL/ dfwj l3ld/s] f] xf] . dfwj l3ld/] -lj=;=+ !(&^_ g]kfnL ;flxTodf /fi6«sljsf] ¿kdf ;'kl| ;4 5g\\ . logL 5GbjfbL slj xg' \\ . uLltgf6s tyf uLtn]vgdf ;dt] ;kmn /xs] f l3ld/s] f /fi6«lgdft{ f, /fh]Zj/L, uf/} L, lsGg/lsGg/L, dfntLdªu\\ n,] cZjTyfdf nufotsf sl[ tx¿ ks| flzt 5g\\ . zn} Ldf kl/isf/ tyf efjdf :jR5Gbtf ?rfpg] l3ld/] df6f] / ks| [ltsf ufos xg' \\ . logn] afn;flxTodf klg snd rnfPsf 5g\\ . kf7df /flvPsf] ‘sndjL/’ sljtfdf xfdL gk] fnLx¿ klxn] vs' '/LjL/ lyof}F t/ ca sndjL/ aGg'k5{ eGg] efj JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . v's/' Ldf eGbf snddf w/] } zlQm ePsfn] snd ;dft]/ dfq} xfdLn] /fi6n« fO{ pGgltsf] dfu{df nh} fg ;S5f}F . sndn] bz] sf] ;+:sl[ t, Oltxf; cflbsf] j0fg{ ug{ ;S5 . cN5Ldf hf]z, x:' ;\"df xf]; NofOlbg ;Sg] snd jf:tjdf lgs} ke| fjzfnL xG' 5 . ;ad} f r]tgfsf] Hof]lt afn]/ kl/jtg{ sf /v] fx¿ sfg] { ;Sg] snd cfhsf] ou' lgdft{ f xf] eGg] efj o; sljtfdf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ltdL klg sljtf no xfn]/ k9 / yk s'/f l;s . Åjf}F ufv] f{nL kv| / vs' '/L jL/ xfdL xb'F } 5f}F zAbf {y hªu\\ M n8fO,F o'4 t8\\sLkm8\\sL l/kb' n bnL hª\\udf uhb{+ } 5f}F . kv| / M t]lhnf,] Hofb} s8f g]kfnL ÅjfF} ca sndsf] jL/ aGg] 5 kfnf] lgufnf] M n6\\7L, snd, d/' nL cflb afn] f;] \\ xfd|f] Xbo ;'l/nf] Ps ;fgf] lgufnf] . agfOg] dl;gf] afF; ‘;fnH} o’\" sf] dw'/ ;/' df ˆofp/] uLt ufcfF} ;fn}Ho\", M nfs] efsf 6f9f 5fofntlt/ a;L vt] vfn] f hufcfF} . rjm| M uf]nf] 3/] f,] 3'dfp/f] cfsf/sf] g]kfnLsf ;'v–b'v ;a} ;D¹gfdf ;uF fnf}F rfv M ?lr vf]nL afxfF ljk'n lbnn] ljZj ;f/f cuF fnf}F . l/k ' M zq' afxfF M b'O{ xft km}nfP/ dfl/g] km]/f] hf] 5g\\ cN5L, ;sn ltgdf hf]z d} aflnlbG5' ljk'n M 7\"nf], ljzfn hf] 5g\\ x:' ;\" ;sn ltgdf xfz] d} xflnlbG5' . hf] 5g\\ nf6f ;sn ltgsf] cf7] d} vf]lnlbG5' ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 9 gk] fnLsf ;sn lbnsf] dfu d} af]lnlbG5' .

g]kfnLsf] lbnlbn gofF Hofl] t ;NsfOlbG5' zAbf {y x:' ;\" M xf;] gePsf,] d\"v{ gfn} f] cfzf gj/;, gofF rfv kNsfOlbG5' . ;sn M ;Dk\"0f{, ;a} kn] L yf]qf lgod o'usf] rjm| kN6fOlbG5' gj/; M ;flxTodf JoQm xg' ] gf} k|sf/sf efj xfdf| ] ¹G8f clg lxdr'nL dfly ¹NsfOlbG5' . dxlif{ M 7n\" f Clif tk:jL M tk:of ug{] cfcf] gfn} f] ls/0f ¤ d'/nL 6fs'/fdf ahfcf] lxdlul/ M lxdfn cfdf ¤ cfÇgf /ut, hgsf k|f0f 5f]/f hufcf] . sGb/f M vfr]F k/s] f] 7fp,F sfK] rf] lg:sL cfcf] lxdlul/ sg' f sGb/fsf tk:jL :jKgb|i6f M ;kgf b]Vg,] s'g} 7\"nf] of]hgf agfpg] cfcf] cfcf] t?0f o'usf :jKgb|i6f dxlif{ ¤ hg M dflg;, hgtf != tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ M Hof]lt, hªu\\ , ufv] f{nL, rjm| , tk:jL @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M kv| /, ljk'n, dxlif{, :jKgb|i6f, hªu\\ #= dflysf] sljtfaf6 cgk' |f; ldns] f kfrF hf]8L zAb l6k . $= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M ;l' /nf], ou' , g]kfnL, 6fs/' f, jL/ %= dflysf] sljtfaf6 rGbl| jGb'sf] k|ofu] ePsf s'g} kfrF j6f zAb vf]h/] nv] . ^= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M cfzf, gof,F jL/, hfuF l/nf,] nf6f &= z4' kf//] n]v M s_ la:j, l/bo, ¹~8f, hf]tL, l¹ofp/] v_ hf] 5g clN5 zsn tLgdf hf]; d} afnL lbG5' . 10 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

*= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M tk:jL ;a}, ;Dk\"0f{ lxdlul/ zq' hg xf]; gePsf,] d\"v{ x:' ;\" lxdfn l/k' dfG5,] hgtf ;sn tk:of ug{] k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M s_ ca jL/ aGg] kfnf] s;sf] xf] < v_ sljn] xfdf| ] Xbo s;/L afn] f;] \\ eg]sf 5g\\ < u_ nf6fsf] cf]7 s;n] vfl] nlbG5g\\ < 3_ sndjL/ sljtf s;n] n]vs] f x'g\\ < ª_ sljn] cfdfnfO{ s] ug{ cfÅjfg u/s] f 5g\\ < @= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ bp] m M s_ sljn] ufv] f{nLsf] af/]df s;/L aofg u/s] f 5g\\ < v_ ‘sndjL/’ sljtfsf] dn\" efj s] xf] < u_ sndjL/sf] :jefj s:tf] xG' 5 < #= JofVof u/ M s_ kn] L yf]qf lgod o'usf] rj|m kN6fOlbG5' xfdf| ] ¹G8f clg lxdr'nL dfly ¹NsfOlbG5' . v_ lg:sL cfcf] lxdlul/ s'gf sGb/fsf tk:jL cfcf] cfcf] t?0f o'usf :jKgbi| 6f dxlif{ ¤ ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 11

$= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M sndjL/ sljtfdf sljn] eGg vf]h]sf] s/' f cfÇg} z}nLdf nv] . tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M snd 1fgsf] kt| Ls xf] . snd zlQm xf,] ;fx; xf,] cfF6 xf,] lxDdt xf] / kl/jtg{ sf] Bf]ts xf] . snd ljBfsf] kt| Ls xf] . r]tgfsf] k|ltlaDa xf] . sndsf] zlQm cgGt 5 . sndsf] e/df dfG5]n] eofgs o'4 lhT5 . rfN;{ 8flag{ n] ;+;f/nfO{ dfgjhfltsf] pTklQsf] af/d] f gjLg lrGtg lbP . ;]S;lko/, ldN6g, u]6], 6u} f]/ dfq xf]Ogg\\, nIdLk|;fb b]jsf6] fx¿n] snds} cf8df Jofks ;f:+ s[lts j|mflGt u/]sf 5g\\ . snds} zlQmsf] ¿kdf sfn{ dfS;,{ Go6' g, xlsª, k|mfo8x¿ ;+;f/ ljh]tf ags] f 5g\\ . sndsf] ansf cufl8 ;;+ f/sf tfgfzfxx¿ ;w}F b'O{ sbd k5fl8 ;g{] u5{g\\ . gk] f]lnog af]gfkf6n{ ] klg cfkm\" nfO{ ;w}F sndsf] zlQm;Fu 8/ nfUg] s/' f atfPsf lyP . cd]l/sf h:tf] zlQmzfnL b]zsf /fi6«klt l/rf8{ lgS;gn] sndsf] zlQmsf cufl8 38'F f 6s] /] /fhLgfdf lbg'k/s] f] lyof] . cfhsf] ou' ;Eo dfgjx¿sf] ou' xf] . cfh sndsf] 6'Kkfa] f6 ljrf/sf] Tof] af?b lg:sG5 h;n] cToGt rsf]{ clwgfossf] klg cGTo xG' 5 . sndsf] zlQm ;jJ{ ofks 5 . x]n]g s]n/, kfl/hft, ¹dss'df/Lx¿n] zf/Ll/s czQmtf eP klg sndsf] e/n] cfÇgf] ;j' f; kmn} fPsf 5g\\ . sndsf] zlQm If]Kof:qsf] zlQmeGbf w/] } u'0ff alnof] xG' 5 . sndn] kd|] km}nfpF5, ;bfrf/ tyf ;defj a9fp5F . s_ tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M k|tLs, Bf]ts, k|ltlaDa, j|mflGt, zlQmzfnL, If]Kof:q, zf/Ll/s v_ 7Ls egfOdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M s_ snd c1fgsf] k|tLs xf] . v_ ;S] ;lko/, ldN6g, u6] ], 6}uf/] , nIdLk;| fbx¿ ;flxTosf/ xg' \\ . u_ snd;Fu tfgfzfxx¿ klg 8/fpF5g\\ . 3_ sndsf] zlQm ;j{Jofks 5g} . ª_ sndn] k]|d / ;b\\efj a9fp5F . u_ tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M !_ dflg;n] o4' s;/L lhTg ;S5 < @_ ;f:+ s[lts j|mflGt ss;n] u/]sf 5g\\ < 12 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

#_ gk] fl] nog af]gfkf6n{ ] s] s'/f atfPsf 5g\\ < $_ clwgfossf] cGTo s;/L xG' 5 < %_ x]ng] s]n/, kfl/hft, ¹ds cflbn] ss] ] u/] < ;'gfO ;Lk -ki[ 7 @!* df lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] _ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s= g]kfn s:tf] d'n's xf] < v= ;dfh s;/L /d0fLo x'g] u5{ < u= k\"jL{ t/fO{df sg' ;d'bfosf dflg;sf] axn' tf /xs] f] 5 < 3= d}lyn ;db' fosf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]jf; sg' e]udf /x]sf] 5 < ª= sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf sg' s'g hfltsf] a;fj] f; /xs] f] 5 < @= sfi] 7saf6 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ ============================== kxf8L If]qdf /fO{, lnDa\" hfltsf] a;fj] f; /x]sf] 5 . -klZrdL, pQ/L, kj\" L{ _ v_ lxdfnL If]qdf ============================== hfltn] cfÇgf] ynf] agfPsf 5g\\ . -afx'g, rfw} /L, zk] f{ _ u_ sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf ============================== hfltx¿ klxn]bl] v g} a:b} cfPsf 5g\\ . -du/, /fO{, g]jf/_ 3_ dlZrd kxf8L e]udf du/, ============================== hfltsf] a;fj] f; /xs] f] 5 . -u'?ª, z]kf{, ¹fuF 8_ ª_ afxg' , Ifq] L, 7s'/L ============================== a:5g\\ . -;a}lt/, t/fO{lt/, kxf8lt/_ ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 13

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk != tnsf sljtfz+ Wofg lbP/ k9 M – gf/fo0f lg/f;L s_ �'Ns] 3fd lx8F \\of] lx8F o\\ f] 6's6' 'sL ;}kfnsf] dfydf aUb} 5g\\ clt Jou|n] lxdgbL ;ª\\uLtsf] tfndf . afx|d} f; x'g] ch;| hnsf] e08f/ xf] bz] of] nfvf}F j0f{g ufpbF f g;lsg] Kof/f] 5 gk] fn of] . v_ ldq xf] ¤ lxpFbsf lbg cfP, – n]vgfy kf}8\\ofn ;o\" n{ ] dw/' sflGt lkmhF fP . 5g} sflxF ¹l/afbn jiff{ xifs{ f] 5 ;adf ca jiff{ . u_ ;fgL gbL kjt{ af6 ¹l5{g\\ – dfwj l3ld/] xfxf / xx\" \" jgleq ul5{g\\ . vf]nf / gfnf ;lF ugL xhf/ cfP/ e6] \\5g\\ jgsf] k'5f/ . 3_ a¹' k] l5 b]z ag] dfq cfk\"m aG5' – k|eftL ls/0f ;a}nfO{ b]zsf nflu sd{ u/ eG5' . 3/sf] 5fgf] uf/f], leQf] 6fN5fF} /dfpFb} cfk;df bfh'efOsf] xft ;dfpFb} . @= dfly lbOPsf] dWo] sg' } Ps z}nLdf sljtf nv] clg sIffdf ;g' fpm . 14 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

Jofs/0f ;Lk zAbe08f/ PseGbf a9L zAbx¿n] Pp6} cy{ lbG5g\\ eg] To:Tff zAbx¿nfO{ kofo{ jfrL zAb elgG5 . tnsf kof{ojfrL zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M wtL{ M el\" d, eO' ,“ w/0fL, w/f, k[YjL, hggL dflg; M dfG5,] dfgj, dgi' o, JolQm ;\"o{ M /lj, cflbTo,ef:s/, lbjfs/, piffklt rGb| M ;f]d, zzL, hg\" , rGb|df, lgzfklt cd[t M kLo\"if, ;'wf, dw' cf“vf M gog, gg} , gq] , nfr] g, rIf', gh/ cfdf M hggL,dd' f,dftf,df,dxtf/L,cDaf O{z M hubLz,O{Zj/,b]j,eujfg\\, b]jtf tnfp M bx, tfn, kf]v/L, /x lbg M lbj;, lbp;“ f], lbjf bM' v M ;t' f,{ kL/, tfk, kL8f, lkmjm| L, tslnkm lktf M hgs, af, a'af, afaf, afa' kfgL M hn,gL/, cDa' pkxf/ M ;fu} ft, gh/fgf, sf];]nL j|mf]w M cfj|mf]z, l/;, åi] f, Iffe] , /f]if uxgf M cnªs\\ f/, cfei\" f0f, e\"if0f 3/ M ux[ , cfno, zfnf, cfjf;, lgjf; rGb|df M rGb|, OGb', zzL, hg\" , ;fd] ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 15

hut\\ M ;;+ f/,nfs] ,ljZj,k[YjL,e'jg,et\" n hLjg M hg' L, lhGbuL, lhGbufgL wg M ;DklQ, P]Zjo{, cy,{ ljQ gbL M ;l/tf, tl6gL, uªu\\ f klt M :jfdL, kfO] , >Ldfg,\\ gfy, nf]Ug] kTgL M hfO] {, >LdtL, cwfª{ l\\ ugL, :jf:gL jg M c/0o, ljlkg, sfgg, hªu\\ n, uxg != sfi] 7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fp“ e/ M s_ rGb|dfsf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -/lj, zzL, rf“bgL_ v_ ;o\" {sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -/lj, wfdL, w/f_ u_ lktfsf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf]Og . -lktf, k'q, afaf_ 3_ pkxf/sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -;fu} ft, lg/fxf/, pksf/_ ª_ wtL{sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf]Og . -w/f, ge, w/0fL_ r_ cfdfsf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -dftf, lktf, ef| tf_ 5_ ;;+ f/sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xfO] g . -ej' g, ;u/, nf]s_ h_ hLjgsf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -Hofg, lhp, lhGbuL_ ¹_ gbLsf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -j0] fL, gx/, sn' f]_ `_ cd[tsf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf]Og . -;'wf, dt[ , kLoi\" f_ 6_ cfFvfsf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xfO] g . -gog, nfr] g, gh/_ 7_ bfFtsf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -cGt, bGt, dGhg_ 8_ jgsf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xfO] g . -hªu\\ n, dªu\\ n, c/0o_ 16 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

@= kofo{ jfrL zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M rIf' cdt[ /x cf“vf dw' cfdf lbjf Oz{ afa' tnfp OZ{ j/ lbg hggL b'Mv lkmjm| L lktf  gk] fnsf k|d'v lbj;x¿ M dgfpg] lbg jz} fv !% lbj;sf] gfd j}zfv @^ lrof lbj; h]7 !% sfgg' lbj; c;f/ !% u0ftGq lbj; c;f/ @( wfg lbj; efb| @( efg' hoGtL df3 @ afn lbj; df3 !^ es\" Dk lbj; d] @( ;lxb lbj; gf/L lbj; ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 17

kf7 @ ci6fjj|m kf/} fl0fs syf tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;a}n] k9 M xfdLn] ckfªu\\ nfO{ x]Kg'xFb' g} . dflg;sf] z/L/ xf]Og, dg ;G' b/ x'gk' 5{ . cfÇgf cfdfafafnfO{ ;wF} ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ . dflg;sf] af]nLaf6 p;sf] dN\" ofª\\sg xG' 5 . 18 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ltdLn] kf/} fl0fs syf k9s] f 5f} < d s:tf dflg;x¿ c;n xG' 5g\\ < d dflg;sf] ¿k 7\"nf] xf] ls u0' f 7\"nf] xf] < d s:tf dflg;nfO{ 3dG8L dflg; elgG5 < d ltdL cfÇgf cfdfafafnfO{ s;/L ;xofu] u5f{} < d s:tf dflg;nfO{ ljåfg\\ elgG5 < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M d cfxf ¤ dn} ] t cfh ckfªu\\ nfO{ ;xofu] u/F] lg . d dflg;n] ¿kn] xf]Og u'0fn] 7\"nf] xg' 'k5{ . d kf}/fl0fs syfx¿ t w/] } 1fgj4s{ kf] xF'bf /x5] g\\ . d 3dG8 u/d] f 7n\" f dflg;x¿ klg ;as} f ;fd' nlHht x'gk' 5{ . d s'¿k dflg;leq klg w/] } 1fg / rt] gf ns' ]sf] x'G5 . d afafcfdfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{] dflg;n] slxNo} b'Mv kfpbF }g . ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 19

‘ci6fjjm| ’ kf}/fl0fs syf xf] . k'/f0f, /fdfo0f, dxfef/t cflbdf cfwfl/t syfnfO{ kf}/fl0fs syf elgG5 . kf/} fl0fs syfx¿ k/|] 0ffbfoL x'G5g\\ . ci6fjjm| syfdf ci6fjjm| gfd u/s] f Ps hgf Clifkq' n] u/]sf] pbfx/0fLo sfd / pgn] egs] f jf0fLx¿ syfdf k|/] 0ffsf] ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf cfPsf 5g\\ . aGbL ag]sf cfÇgf lktfsf] p4f/ ug{ egL ci6fjj|m /fhb/af/df ku' ] . pgsf] s¿' k z/L/ bv] ]/ pgnfO{ ckdfg ug{] ljåfgx\\ ¿;uF zf:qfy{ u/L pgLx¿nfO{ k/flht ug{ ;kmn eP . ci6fjjm| sf] k|ltefn] ;an} fO{ ke| fj kf/s] f] k;| ª\\u o; syfdf cfPsf] 5 . dflg;n] slxNo} klg aflx/L z/L/ x/] /] c¿sf] d\"Nofªs\\ g ug'x{ F'b}g, ckfªu\\ dflg;nfO{ x]nf ug'{xbF' g} , d g} 7\"nf] xF' eGg] 3dG8 ug'{xbF' g} , cfÇgf afafcfdfsf nflu cfkm\" h:tf];s' } Tofu ug{ klg tof/ x'gk' 5{ eGg] k]/| 0ff lbg] of] syf ltdL klg k9 . nueu bz jif{sf Ps afns lyP . pgsf] gfs 6]9f] lyof] . sDd/ aflx/ lglSnPsf] lyof] . xft 3d' ]sf] lyof] . pgsf] Pp6f v§' f afªu\\ f] lyof] . pgsf] Pp6f kt} fnfsf] x8\\8L 69] f] lyof] . pgL nª\\u8f lyP . pgsf] cgx' f/ e2f lyof] . pgsf] s'¿ktf b]v/] sfx] L klg pgL;Fu s/' f ubg{} y] . pgL vN] g klg ;Sbg} y] . pgsf sf]xL ;fyL lyPgg\\ . pgL PSn} a;/] ;f]lr/xGy] . pgsf z/L/sf x8\\8Lx¿ cf7 7fpFdf 6]9f lyP . cf7 7fpdF f x8\\8L efFlrPsfn] pgnfO{ ;a} hgf ci6fjj|m eg/] lr9fpFy] . hf] klg pgnfO{ b]vfP/ xfF:y] / pgnfO{ ckdfg uy]{ . ;an} ] cfkm\" nfO{ x]/]/ xfF;]sf] tyf ckdfgsf] s/' f ;G' bf;G' bf pgnfO{ nfUof] ls ‘dnfO{ x]//] xf:F g] ;a} d\"v{ xg' \\ . oL ;bfrf/L afnsx¿ xfO] gg\\ .’ ;fFRr} s;s} f] z/L/nfO{ x/] /] xf]Og ls p;sf] :jefj / 1fgn] p;nfO{ lrGg' cfjZos 5 . /fd|f] Jojxf/n] dflg; nf]slk|o aG5g\\ . z/L/sf] ;'Gb/tfn] xfO] g, 1fgn] dflg; dxfg\\ aGb5g\\ . ci6fjj|msf lktfnfO{ ;a}n] ;Ddfg uy,]{ pgL w/] } 7\"nf 1fgL lyP . ci6fjjm| n] cfÇgf lktfnfO{ b]v]sf eg] lyPgg\\ . s}of}F k6s pgn] lktfsf af/d] f ;fw] ]sf lyP . pgsL dftf ;h' ftf;Fu afa'sf] af/]df w]/} ;f]wvf]h u/s] f lyP . cfdfaf6 afa'sf] af/]df hfgsf/L gkfPkl5 Ps lbg ci6fjjm| n] dftf ;'hftf;uF w/] } lh2L u/] – ‘dftf ¤ d/] f lktf sf] x'gx' G' 5 / pxfF sxfF xg' x' 'G5 < tkfOn{+ ] ha;Dd atfpgx' G' g Tof] j]nf;Dd d g vfgf vfG5' g kfgL lkpF5' .’ ci6fjjm| n] dftfnfO{ 3'sL{ nufpg vfh] ] . zAbf {y e2f M 5f6F sf6F gk/]sf], lhp8fn ci6fjjm| M cf7 7fpFdf z/L/ afªu\\ f] ePsf gldns] f] Ps Clif s¿' ktf M g/fdf| k] g ;bfrf/L M c;n afgLJoxf/] f ePsf] 20 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

cfÇgf] kq' sf] k|lt1f ;'g]/ ;'hftf ?g yflng\\ . pgsf] cf;F ' /fl] sPg . ci6fjjm| n] dftfsf] cfF;' k'5\\b} eg], ‘dftf ¤ tkfOs+{ f] cfF;n' ] eG5 ls d/] f lktf 7\"nf] si6df x'g'x'G5 . d cfÇgf] Hofg Çofn/] eP klg pxfsF f] si6 x6fpg] 5' .’ 5f/] fsf] lh2L a9]kl5 ;'hftfn] elgg\\, ‘afa,' ltd|f lktf dxlif{ sxf8] of] gu/sf ;a}eGbf 7\"nf ljåfg\\ xg' \\ . /fhf hgssf] dgdf s]xL kZ| g cfP5 . To;sf] pQ/sf] vfh] Ldf hgsn] pxfnF fO{ h]ndf aGb ul//fv]sf 5g\\ . ha;Dd /fhfnfO{ pgsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ k|fKt xbF' g} ta;Dd hn] af6 d'Qm gug]{ eg]sf 5g\\ .’ ci6fjj|msL dftf ;h' ftf dxlif{ p2fnssL 5f/] L lyOg\\ . p2fns w/] } 7\"nf 1fgL lyP . pgn] g} ci6fjjm| sf lktf sxf]8nfO{ rf/} j]bsf] 1fg lbPsf lyP . sxf8] nfO{ j]bsf] 1fg ePkl5 g} p2fnsn] pgnfO{ cfÇgL 5f]/L lbPsf lyP . cfÇgf lktfsf] af/]df ;g' ]kl5 ci6fjj|mn] t?' Gt} eg,] ‘dftf ¤ d]/f] lktfsf] tkma{ f6 d /fhf hgssf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg] 5' .’ cfdfnfO{ jrg lbPkl5 ci6fjjm| jgdf uP . pgn] cgs] f}F ;fw';Gtx¿;uF e]63f6 u/] . h;nfO{ e6] ] klg pgn] >4fkj\" s{ 1fgsf s/' f l;Sg yfn] . pgL 7n\" f7\"nf Clifdl' gx¿;uF ax; ug{ yfn] . 1fg k|fKt u/]/ ci6fjj|m hgsk'/ kms]{ . 1fgn] pHofnf] ePsf ci6fjj|m l;w} /fh;efdf uP . /fhf hgs cfkmF} ljåfg\\ lyP . pgsf] ;ef ljåfgx\\ ¿n] el/Psf] lyof] . ci6fjj|mn] /fhf hgs;Fu eg,] ‘d cfÇgf] lktfnfO{ 56' fpg cfPsf] x'F . d]/f lktfsf tkm{af6 d tkfOs{+ f] kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg] 5' .’ ci6fjjm| sf] zf/Ll/s agfj6nfO{ b]v]/ / pgsf] s/' f ;g' /] ;efdf a;]sf ;a} hgf dl/d/L xf:F g yfn] . c¹ /fhfsf] kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbG5' egs] f] ;'g]/ ;an} ] d'v vD' RofP . ci6fjjm| ;efdf xflF ;/xs] f ljåfg\\x¿eGbf hf]8;uF xf;F ] clg /fhf hgs;Fu eg] – ‘dxf/fh logLx¿ sf] xg' \\ <’ /fhf hgsn] ci6fjj|mlt/ kms{/] eg] – ‘afns of] /fh;ef xf] . oL ;a} dxfg\\ ljåfg\\ tyf 1fgLx¿ x'g\\ .’ zAbf {y k|lt1f M jfrf, u//] } 5f8g\\ ] ljrf/ >4fkj\" {s M ;Ddfgk\"js{ dxlif { M 7\"nf Clif ax; M 5nkmn jb] M lxGbx' ¿sf] wflds{ u|Gy /fh;ef M /fhfsf] ;ef ;Gt M ;fw', hfu] L ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 21

ci6fjj|mn] /fhfsf] s'/f sf6\\b} eg] – ‘dxf/fh, dnfO{ dfkm ugx'{ f];\\ . d t logLx¿nfO{ dv\" { eG5' . logLx¿n] dh:tf] ;/n JolQm bv] ]gg\\ . d/] f] dfs/' f]h:tf] z/L/ bv] ] . dlGb/ 6]9f] xbF' d} f cfsfz 6]9f] xFb' g} . 38f km'6\\gfn] sxLF cfsfz km'6\\5 < cfsfz t lgljs{ f/ 5 . d]/f] z/L/ 69] f]d9] f] 5 t/ d t 5}g lg < of] hg' leq a;]sf] 5 To;tkm{ x]gx'{ f;] \\ .’ afnssf] of] s/' f ;g' /] ;ef rsdGg eof] . ljåfgx\\ ¿ cfFvf /ftf/ftf kf//] l/;fpg yfn] . s]xLn] dxf/fh;uF pQm afnsnfO{ t?' Gt lgsfNg cg'/f]w u/] . /fhf hgs zfGt lyP . pgn] afnsnfO{ eg], ‘afns ¤ oL ;a} ljåfg\\x¿nfO{ dv\" { eg/] s] ltdLn] 7Ls u¥of} <’ afnssf] r]x/fdf lg8/tf lyof] – ‘dxf/fh ¤ pkxf; / jm| fw] ljåfg\\sf] u0' f xf]Og . olb pxfFx¿ ljåfg\\ xg' 'xG' Yof] t pxfxF ¿sf] :jefj o:tf] x'g] lyPg . j|mf]w ug]{ eg]sf] ¹ul8ofsf] nIf0f xf] . ljåfgs\\ f] nIf0f xf]Og . jm| fw] sf] jzdf k/]/ cfkm\" nfO{ ljåfg\\ xF' eGg] tkfO{x+ ¿, pkxf;sf] jf;gf kfn/] ljåfg\\ xF' eGg] tkfO+x{ ¿, z/L/sf] ;G' b/tf x/] /] JolQmsf] d\"Nofªs\\ g ug]{ tkfO+x{ ¿ s;/L ljåfg\\ xg' ;Sgx' G' 5 <’ afnssf] s'/f ;g' /] k\"/} ;ef rsdGg eof] . d} xF' eGg] ;a} ljåfgx\\ ¿sf] lz/ pQm afnssf] cufl8 lgxl' /of] . /fhf hgsn] ;Ddfg ;fy afnsnfO{ l;+xf;gdf a;fn] . /fhfn] afnssf] kl/ro dfu] clg pm;Fu cg]sf}F k|Zg u/] . /fhfsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbbF } ci6fjj|mn] eg] – dnfO{ sg' } klg zf:qdf ?lr 5}g . g d slj x'F . g d bfz{lgs x'F . ;To s/' f zf:qdf n]lvPsf] 5}g . zf:qdf t l;4fGt / lgodx¿ dfq} 5g\\ . 1fg 5g} . 1fg t tkfOs+{ f] leq 5 . olb tkfO+{n] cfkm\" nfO{ hfGgx' G' g eg] s]xL klg hfGg'x'Gg . zf:qsf] af/d] f ci6fjj|mn] o;/L af]Nb} ubf{ s]xL ljåfg\\x¿n] zf:qsf] lj/f]w u/s] f] 7fg] . pgLx¿nfO{ hjfkm lbFb} ci6fjj|mn] eg,] ‘dn} ] wd{sf] lj?4df jQmJo lbO/xs] f] 5g} . wd{n] cfÇgf] tl/sfn] 1fg lbG5 . Tof] a'ˆg sl7g 5 . To;nfO{ s;n] a'ˆ5 / cr]n < d t ;/n ¿kdf cfk\"mdf vf]Hg' eG5' . cfk\"mnfO,{ ‘d’nfO{ lrGg' g} 1fg xf] . d ;To h:tf] 5 To:t} eG5' . zf:qn] o;f] eG5 To;}n] d}n] klg ToxL eGg'k5{ eGg] xfO] g . ;To zf:qdf xfO] g cfk\"mdf zAbf {y 38f M kfgL xfNg] df6f] jf wfts' f] ef8F f], j|mf]w M l/; ufu|f] ¹ul8of M ¹u8f ug]{ l;x+ f;g M bfofafofF l;x+ sf] cfs[lt lgljs{ f/ M ljsf/ gePsf], ljs[t gePsf] rsdGg M ;g' ;fg bfz{lgs agfOPsf] ljlzi6 Oltxf; pkxf; M 30[ ff M bz{g hfgs] f] JolQm 22 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

5 . zf:q t zAbx¿sf] ;ª\\u|x xf] . o:tf ;ª\\u|xsf] jf;gfaf6 k/;Dd hfg o;sf] d\"n;Dd hfgx' f;] \\ . klxn] cfk\"mnfO{ lrGg'xf;] \\ .’ ci6fjjm| eGb} lyP – c¿nfO{ abNg'eGbf klxn] ;'?jft cfkm}Faf6 ug'x{ f;] \\ . d k/Dk/fsf] sg' } klg lx:;f aGg rfxGgF . clxn]sf] cfjZostf s] xf] < cfkm\" d} xg] x'{ f];\\ . zf:qdf uP/ aflx/ hfg' cfjZos 5g} . cfÇgf]leq ofqf ug'x{ f];\\ . o;df /; 5 . o;df 1fg 5 . cfkm\" n] yfxf kfPsf s/' fx¿ ;an} fO{ 5f]8\\g'xf];\\ . ;Toaf6 ;?' ugx{' f;] \\ . ;To ;a}eGbf kljq 5 . o;a} f6 1fgsf] dfu{ kQf nfU5 .’ /fhf hgs cfkmdF} f 1fgL lyP . pgsf] ;efdf o;/L s;n} ] s/' f ug{ ;ss] f lyPgg\\ . ci6fjj|mn] lg8/ eP/ /fhfsf] ;efdf ePsf ljåfg\\x¿nfO{ d\"v{ l;4 u/fP . /fhf hgs tyf ;efdf ePsf ;a} ci6fjj|maf6 k|efljt eP . pgn] /fhf hgssf ;a} kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbP . 7\"nf7\"nf ljåfg\\x¿n] klg lbg g;ss] f] pQ/ lbP/ ci6fjjm| n] /fhfnfO{ ;Gt'i6 u/fP . hgssf] /fh;efdf pgL w]/} 7\"nf ljåfg\\ 7xl/P . /fhf hgsn] ci6fjjm| sf lktfnfO{ dQ' m ul/lbP . cfÇgf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg g;s]sf w/] } ljåfgx\\ ¿nfO{ pgn] aGbL agfPsf lyP . tL ;a}nfO{ d'Qm ul/lbP . lktfn] kq' nfO{ cuF fnfd] f lnP/ xif{sf cfF;' aufP . k'qsf] 1fgdf lktf uj{ ul//x]sf lyP . /fhf hgs klg /fh;efdf ci6fjjm| nfO{ bv] /] xf;F ]sf lyP . /fhf hgs sxLF klg rs' ]sf lyPgg\\ t/ ci6fjjm| sf cufl8 o;/L rs' ]sf lyP . of] /fhf hgssf nflu ;ae} Gbf 7\"nf] kf7 lyof] . ci6fjjm| n] ;+;f/sf cufl8 ;Tosf] cg'kd z'4 / ;'Gb/ ¿k 5n{ªu\\ kf/]/ bv] fOlbP . ;To h:tf] 5 pgn] To:t} eg] . sg' } k/Dk/fsf] ¿kn] klg /ªu\\ fPgg\\ . s'g} klg zf:qsf] pbfx/0f lbPgg\\ . jf:tljstfaf6}, ;Toaf6} , cfÇgf] 1fgaf6} ;a} s'/f 5nª{ u\\ kf/]/ bv] fOlbP . uLt ufP h;/L h;nfO{ dL7f] tl/sfn] ux| 0f ug{ ;lsG5 Tof] g} uLtf xf] . olt dL7f] ePsfn] ci6fjj|msf] 1fgsf uLtf 1fgsf ¿kdf sxlnof] . ;jq{ o;sf] kr| f/k|;f/ xg' yfNof] . cfh;Dd klg oxL /fhf hgs;uF u/s] f] tyf /fh;efsf ljåfg\\x¿;uF u/s] f cfTd1fgsf kZ| g pQ/ ;ae} Gbf dxfg\\ uLtf cyf{t\\ – ‘ci6fjjm| uLtf’sf] ¿kdf k|l;4 eof] . zAbf {y dfu{ M af6f] cgk' d M pkdf lbg g;lsg] l;4 ug'{ M kd| fl0ft ug'{ uLtf M lxGb'x¿sf] k|l;4 wfld{s uG| y aGbL M h]ndf yl' gPsf] JolQm ;jq{ M ;a}lt/ ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 23

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M ci6fjj|m, nª\\u8f, lglj{sf/, ljåfg,\\ dxlif{ @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M jm| f]w, >4fk\"j{s, dfu,{ pkxf;, ¹ul8of #= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M jrg lbg', ;bfrf/L, dxlif{, ;uF , t, t/ $= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M ljåfg,\\ cfsfz, ckdfg, ?lr, cgfjZos %= dflysf] syfaf6 P÷o / a÷j sf] ko| f]u ePsf zAbx¿ l6k M ^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M ;bfrf/L ;'g;fg dxlif { bfofaF fofF l;x+ sf] cfsl[ t agfOPsf] cf;g lglj{sf/ 7n\" f Clif ax; c;n afgLJoxf]/f ePsf] rsdGg ljsf/ gePsf,] ljs[t gePsf] l;+xf;g ;v' ;l' jwf efu] ljnf;sf] OR5f jf;gf 5nkmn &= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z4' kf/]/ ;f/ M pGsf] zefdf P;/L s;}n] s\"/f u/g ;s]sf lyPgg v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M != c_ >4fk\"js{ cf_ ;4| fkj\" {s O_ >4fk'j{s O{_ >4fka\" s{ O{_ ljåfg\\ @= c_ la4fg cf_ ljåfg O_ laåfg\\ O{_ bfz{gLs O_{ dfxlif{ #= c_ bfz{lgs\\ cf_ bfz{lgs O_ bf;{lgs $= c_ dxlif{ cf_ dxifL { O_ dxl; { 24 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M s_ ci6fjj|msf] kt} fnfsf] x88\\ L s:tf] lyof] < v_ dflg; sn] ] dxfg\\ aGb5 < u_ ci6fjjm| sf] dftfsf] gfd s] lyof] < 3_ sg' rLh ;a}eGbf kljq x'G5 < ª_ ci6fjjm| sf lktfsf] gfd s] xf] < @= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M s_ lsg ;a} hgfn] ci6fjjm| nfO{ lr9fpFy] < v_ ;'hftf s;sL 5f]/L lyOg\\ < u_ ;an} ] lsg d'v v'DRofP < 3_ ci6fjj|mn] s;/L ljåfg\\x¿nfO{ dv\" { l;4 u/] < ª_ /fh;efdf ci6fjj|m s:tf JolQm 7xl/P < #= 7Ls a]7Ls 56' \\ofpm M s_ ci6fjjm| /fhf hgssf] b/af/df sfd uy{] . v_ ;h' ftfn] ci6fjj|mnfO{ afa'sf] af/d] f atfOg\\ . u_ /fhf hgssf b/af/df w]/} ljåfgx\\ ¿ lyP . 3_ ljåfgx\\ ¿ ci6fjjm| nfO{ b]v]/ bª\\u k/] . ª_ ci6fjj|mn] /fhfnfO{ klg dv\" { 7x/fP . $= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M s_ ci6fjj|m s:tf afns lyP < v_ ci6fjj|mn] dftf;uF lh2L ub}{ s]s] eg] < u_ 5f]/fsf] lh2L ;g' ]/ ;h' ftfn] s:tf] hjfkm lbOg\\ < 3_ ci6fjj|m s;/L 7\"nf ljåfg\\ 7xl/P < ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff & 25

%= efj lj:tf/ u/ M c¿nfO{ abNge' Gbf klxn] ;?' jft cfkma}F f6 ugx{' f];\\ . ^= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M ci6fjj|m syfn] s:tf] lzIff lbPsf] 5 < cfÇg} zAbdf aofg u/ . tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M PsnJo lxGb' wdu{ |Gysf Ps kf/} fl0fs kfq x'g\\ . logsf] rrf{ dxfg\\ lxGb' u|Gy dxfef/tdf ul/Psf] 5 . pgL u?' elQm cgk' d kfq dflgG5g\\ . ljzi] f lsl;dsf] u'?elQmsf] pbfx/0f lbg k¥of] eg] pgsf] gfd lng] ul/G5 . tTsfnLg kl/jz] cg;' f/ pgL hGdsf] cfwf/df Tolt ;DkGg / ;d'Ggt dflgFb}gg\\ . t/ sd{n] ;f/f ljZjnfO{ ¹'sfOlbPsf 5g\\ . s'/f] Toltjn] fsf] xf] hlt jn] f wg'lj{Bfsf w'/Gw/ ljåfg\\ u?' bf| 0] ffrfo{ /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ wg'lj{Bf l;sfpg lgo'Qm ePsf lyP . PsnJonfO{ klg pgLl;t wgl' j{Bf l;Sg dg nfUof] / cfP/ lgjb] g u/] t/ u'? b|f]0ffrfo{n] cfk\"m /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ dfq ljBf l;sfpg lgoQ' m ePsfn] pgnfO{ l;sfpg c;dy{tf k|s6 u/] . To;kl5 PsnJonfO{ s] u/fF} s] u/fF} h:tf] eof], lgs} 56kl6P . lgs} lbgsf] 56k6Lkl5 u?' b|f]0ffrfos{ f] d\"lt{ agfP/ cufl8 ;fIfL /fvL wgl' jB{ f l;Sg] c7f]6 u/] . /ftlbg gegL pgL olt a9L cEof;df nfu] ls rfF8} g} clåtLo wg'w{/ eP/ lg:s] . of] s'/f] bf| ]0ffrfon{ ] yfxf kfP . uf]Ko¿kn] k/LIf0f ubf{ s'/f] ;xL 7xl/of] . u'? b|f0] ffrfon{ fO{ km;fb k¥of] . pgn] chg{' nfO{ clåtLo wgw' /{ agfpg] jrg lbO;s]sf lyP . PsnJo hLljt 5Fb} of] ;Dej gx'g] eof] . pgnfO{ af6fa] f6 kG5fpg] ko| f; klg gu/]sf xf]Ogg\\ t/ PsnJon] u?' b|f0] f g} cfÇgf] u?' ePsf] kd| f0f lbPkl5 pgsf] a]r}gL c¿ a9o\\ f] . To;kl5 u?' b|f0] fn] eg,] ‘d g} ltdf| ] u'? eP u'? blIf0ff vfO] { t <’ csf]{ s6\" gLlts c:q k|xf/ u/] t/ pgn] lxDdt xf/]gg\\ / blIf0ffsf lglDt s] 6So| fpmF eg] . wg'jf{0f rnfpg bflxg] xftsf] a9\" L cf}nF f] a9L dxŒjk0\" f{ dflgG5 . a\"9L cfn}F f]ljgf rnfOPsf] jf0fn] lgzfgf r'Sg] ;Defjgf w/] } /xG5 . To;}n] u'?n] ToxL cfn}F f] dfu] t/ o;df klg pgL slQ klg ljrlnt ePgg\\ / cfkm}Fn] cfÇgf] cfnF} f] sf6/] u'?nfO{ blIf0ff:j¿k r9fP . oxL cbe\\ 't sfdn] ubf{ g} pgL u?' elQmsf] cg'kd pbfx/0fsf ;fy cd/ eP . s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M wd{uG| y, kf}/fl0fs, u'?elQm, wgl' j{Bf, bf| 0] ffrfo{, clåtLo, cbe\\ t' , s6\" gLlts v= 7Ls egfOdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M c= PsnJo vf;} u'?eQm lyPgg\\ . 26 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

cf= b|f]0ffrfon{ ] PsnJonfO{ klg wgl' jB{ f l;sfP . O= PsnJosf] wgl' j{Bfsf] jf/d] f yfxf kfpg ufK] o k/LIf0f ul/of] . O={ PsnJon] u?' nfO{ a\"9L cfF}nf] sf6]/ u?' blIf0ff lbP . p= PsnJon] /fhsd' f/x¿nfO{ klg wg'lj{Bf l;sfP . u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M != PsnJosf] rrf{ sg' uG| ydf ul/Psf] 5 < @= /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ wg'lj{Bf s;n] l;sfpYF of] < #= PsnJo s;/L clåtLo wg'w{/ eP/ lg:s] < $= wg'jf0{ f rnfpgsf nflu dxŒjk\"0f{ cª\\u sg' xf] < %= b|f0] ffrfo{ s:tf] cj:yfdf klg ljrlnt ePgg\\ < ;'gfO ;Lk -ki[ 7 @!* df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M != tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M s= dflg;nfO{ s] s'/fn] ;'Gb/ agfPsf] xG' 5 < v= xfd|f] z/L/ s'gs'g tŒj ldn]/ ags] f] x'G5 < u= dflg;sf] hLjgsf] d\"No s;/L :yflkt xG' 5 < 3= s:tf dflg;x¿ kH\" o ePsf 5g\\ < ª= sf]sf] s;/L ;a}sf] dgdl:tisdf a:g ;kmn ePsf 5g\\ < @= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ ============================== slxNo} /xbF }g / cfTdf slxNo} dbg}{ . -z/L/, dg_ v_ =============================== cfTdf ch/, cd/ / x'G5 . -ljgfzL, cljgfzL_ u_ c¿nfO{ g/fdf| ] b]v]/ xn] fxfF;f] ug{' dflg;sf] ===================== xf] . -dv\" {tf, ljåtf_ ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 27

3_ kfl/hft, ¹ds, x]ng] x¿ ================= ubf{ :d/0fLo ePsf 5g\\ . -s[ltn,] ;DklQn_] ª_ afa/' fd cfrfo{ ================================ xg' \\ .- Oltxf; lz/fd] l0f, slj lz/f]dl0f_ l;h{gfTds ;Lk != tnsf ab'F fx¿sf] cfwf/df syf tof/ kf/ . csa/ /fhf , jL/an dGqL ============== csa/n] jL/annfO{ ;w}F ;d:ofdf kfg{' ========= Ps lbg uf?] sf] bw\" vfh] /] Nofpg cfb]z lbg' ============= jL/an ;d:ofdf kg{'============5f]/LnfO{ atpg' =============== 5f]/Ln] laxfg} csa/sf] 3/ cufl8 sk8f w'g' =========== csa/n] s;n] lsg olt laxfg} sk8f wfo] f] eGg] va/ aˆ' g dGqLx¿nfO{ k7fpg' ======== jL/ansL 5f]/Ln] afaf ;T' s]/L ePsf] sf/0f atfpg' ============= dGqLx¿dfkmt{ /fhfn] yfxf kfpg' ======= k?' if ;'Ts]/L gxg' ] ts{ /fhfn] /fVg' ======== ToxL df}sfdf uf?] n] klg b\"w glbg] pQ/ lbP/ jL/ansL 5f]/Ln] /fhfnfO{ nlHht kfg'{ ================ h:tfnfO{ To:t} eGg] lzIff . @= cfk\"mn] ;g' ]sf] sg' } syf n]v/] sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm . Jofs/0f ;Lk zAbe08f/ Pp6f zAbn] lbg] cy{sf] 7Ls pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb elgG5 . tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAbx¿ k9 M cUnf] — xfr] f] cd[t — ljif cv08 — v08 cl3 — kl5 c;n — v/fa ck0{ f — u|x0f cfsfz — kftfn cfo — Joo cgs' n\" — k|lts\"n cflb — cGTo psfnf] — cf]/fnf] cf“;' — xf“;f ] ljsf; — ljgfz enf] — s'enf] nfe — xflg ;f“¹ — laxfg ;fx' — cf;fdL d\"v{ — ljåfg\\ xif{ — la:dft lxpb“ — jiff{ :jb]z — ljb]z 28 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

!_ sf]i7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fp“ e/ M s_ ‘ck0{ f’sf] ljk/Ltfys{ zAb ================== xf] . -bk{0f, u|x0f, ed| 0f_ -ljåfg,\\ a'4,\" ljb'ifL_ v_ ‘d\"v{’sf] ljk/Ltfy{s zAb ================== xf] . -dfgL, hfgL, xflg_ -kb| z] , k/b]z, ljb]z_ u_ ‘nfe’sf] ljk/Ltfy{s zAb ================== xf] . -/f]bg, cf;F ', d':sfg_ 3_ ‘:jb]z’sf] ljk/Ltfy{s zAb ================== xf] . r_ ‘xf;F f’] sf] ljk/Ltfy{s zAb ================== xf] . @= ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M cd[t jiff{ c;n cf/] fnf] cfo v/fa psfnf] Joo enf] ljif ;fx' s'enf] lxp“b cf;fdL gk] fnsf] Oltxf;df uPsf 7n\" f e\"sDk M &=* /S] 6/ lj=;=+ !*() *=$ /]S6/ lj=;=+ !(() ^=% /]S6/ lj=;+= @)$% ^=( /S] 6/ lj=;=+ @)^* &=$ /S] 6/ lj=;=+ @)&@ ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 29

kf7 # gfkmfsf] hLjg ;:+ d/0f – /fhG] b| ;j' b] L tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;a}n] k9 M /]ndf ofqf ubf{ lgs} /dfOnf] xG' 5 . bu' d{ 7fpdF f k'Ug w]/} kb} n lx8F \\g'k5{ . bnbndf hfFbf lgs} xfl] ;of/ xg' 'k5{ . 30 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ;+:d/0f eg]sf] s] xf] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < d ltdLn] s;}sf] ;+:d/0f k9s] f 5f} < d bnbndf km:g' eg]sf] s] xf] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < d bnbndf v§' f efl;bF } uof] eg] s] ugk{' 5{ < d s] ltdLn] /fhG] b| ;j' ]bLsf] gfd ;'gs] f 5f} < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M d PSn} ofqf ubf{ w/] } b'Mv kfOFbf] /x5] . d cfk\"mn] efu] ]sf ef]ufOx¿nfO{ ;lD¹P/ nl] vg] nv] g} ;:+ d/0f xf] . d lxnf] jf bnbndf km:g nfus] f] jn] f lgs} ;ts{ x'g'k5{ . d cfktd\\ f ;fy lbPsf] ;fyLnfO{ slxNo} la;{g ;lsFb}g . d /fh]Gb| ;j' ]bL kf| Wofks tyf ;flxTosf/ x'g\\ . d /fh]Gb| ;'j]bLn] nv] ]sf] ;+:d/0f lgs} /dfOnf] xG' 5 . d dT[ os' f] dv' df ku' /] klg aRg ;s]sf] hLjg gfkmfsf] hLjg xf] . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 31

gfkmfsf] hLjg /fhG] b| ;'j]bLn] nv] ]sf] ;:+ d/0f xf] . /fh]Gb| ;'j]bL k|l;4 ;flxTosf/ x'g\\ . pgL gk] fnL ;dfhdf ljlzi6 JolQmTjsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt 5g\\ . pgn] ;flxTosf sljtf, lgaGw, ;+:d/0f, ;dfnfr] gf h:tf ljwfdf snd rnfPsf 5g\\ . lzIff kf| lKtsf] j|mddf hLjgdf pgn] w/] }w/] } bM' vsi6 efu] s] f lyP . pgL pRr lzIffsf nflu sf7df8f}F cfPsf lyP . pgsf] ;dodf k\"jL{ kxf8sf] u|fdL0f e]uaf6 sf7df8f}F cfphfp ug{ l;w} oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] Joj:yf lyPg . To;sf nflu ef/tsf] af6f] xbF' } hfg'kYof{] . Psk6s ef/tsf] af6f] x'bF } sf7df8fa}F f6 u[xlhNnf kmlsg{ ] jm| ddf cfkm\" n] efU] g'k/s] f ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;d]6/] pgn] of] ;+:d/0f tof/ kf/]sf 5g\\ . oyfy{ 36gfnfO{ ;G' b/ zn} Ldf k|:tt' ul/Psf] of] ;:+ d/0f ltdLn] klg k9 . ga¹' ]sf] s/' f lzIfs;uF ;f]w . sf7df8faF} f6 a; r9/] jL/u~h xbF' } d ef/tsf] /S;fn} k'uF] . d /S;fn} af6 b/eªu\\ f, sl6xf/ xFb' } l;lnu'8L hfg] /]n r9/] dr] L gbLsf] lsgf/sf] kfl/ kg{] ef/tLo Ifq] df /x]sf] unulnof :6];gdf /]n /fl] sPkl5 /]naf6 cf]ln{PF . Toltv/] lbgsf] ;f9] rf/ alh;ss] f] lyof] . ToxfaF f6 bO' { lsnfl] d6/ lxF8]kl5 d d]rL gbLsf] lsgf/df k'u]F . t/ Tof] gbL kGw| lbg cl3 d}n] t/]eGbf lgs} a9s] f] /x5] . d}n] gbL t/]/ gk] fnsf] eb|k'/df kU' g' lyof] . t/ lbg 9Ng} nfus] f] lyof] . 3fd lgs} tn kl' u;ss] f lyP . d kfFry/sf] dfG5] Toltv]/ klg sf7df8fF} hfg'kbf{ gk] fn gk] fn eP/} hfg] xf] eg] ls kGw| lbg lxF8]/ hfg tof/ x'g'kYof],{ ls t ef/tsf] /S;f}n;Dd /]n r9]/ hfg'kg{] / ToxfFaf6 klg a; r9/] sf7df8fF} kU' g'kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . o;} af6f]af6 sf7df8f}F k'u/] kmls{P/ 3/ hfg d ToxfF cfOk'u]sf] lyPF . gbLsf] lsgf/df t d k'u]F t/ klxn] ;ªn\\ f] aUg] vf]nf] cfh wldnf] eP/ alu/xs] f] lyof] . gbLsf] kfl/kl§ lsgf/df ebk| '/ ahf/sf 3/x¿ 5n{ª\\u} b]lvGy] . Psflt/ gbLsf] en bV] bf 8/fPsf] dg csf{lt/ kfl/kl§ cfÇgf] b]zsf] hldg / 3/x¿ bv] ]/ PskN6 /dfof] klg . pQ/lt/ dfly ;o\" fb]{ osf nflu rlr{t cGts' f] 8fF8f, kz'kltgu/, ;Gtk/' lt/sf ;a} kxf8x¿ afbnsf] ku/L uFy' ]/ 9;d:; a;]sf lyP . lbg la:tf/} ;GWoftkm{ 9Nb} lyof] . dw;] sf] Tof] klg ;d'b|L ;txeGbf yf/] } dfq prfOdf /xs] f] s]rgfsf] glhss} f] of] 7fp,F ;fpgsf] udL,{ lbpF;} klg dR5/n] cfjm| d0f ug]{ ToxfsF f] kl/l:ylt lgs} c;xh lyof] . ;8sdf l;w} lx8F g\\ ] xf] eg] 3F'8f38'F f cfpg] u/L zAbf {y wldnf ] M /fd|f;] Fu gbl] vg], c:ki6 9;d:; M dh;} Fu kz| :t 7fpF cfu] 6\\g] u/L ku/L u'Yg ' M km6] f nufpg' a;]sf] ;GWof M ;fF¹ dR5/ M nfdv§' ] 32 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

lxnf] hds] f] lyof] . d}n] sfFwdf kfFr lsnf] hltsf] ¹fn] f af]s]sf] lyPF . dfh] f kms' fn/] hQ' fdf 3;' f//] Pp6f xftn] h'Qf Rofk/] csf{] xftn] ¹fn] fnfO{ cf8 lbP/ lxlF 8/s] s] f] lyPF . l56f]l56f] glxF8] uGtJodf k'Ug ufxf| ] lyof] . cfsfz k\"/} afbnn] 9fs/] NofPsf] lyof] . d lgs} xtfl/P/ lxlF 8x]sf j]nf d]/f] b]a]| v§' fsf] lk8f}Fnfsf] kl5lNt/ lgs} rsf]{ lx;fan] lrnlrnfPsf] x'bF f dn} ] o;f] lgx'l/P/ x]/]F . lk8fnF} fnfO{ ¹G8} km]/} k'Ug] u/L a]l/Psf] nfdf] Eoftn'ª\\ hs' fn] d]/f] /ut rl' ;/xs] f] lyof] . To;/L /ut r;' s] f sf/0fn] d]/f] lk8F f}nf lrnfPsf] /x]5 . d/] f] /utsf] r';fOaf6 h'sf lgs} df]6fO;s]sf] /x]5 . xftsf] h'Qf Psflt/ sx] L cfe] fgf] 7fpFdf /fv/] To; hs' fnfO{ lgsfn/] ÇofSF g ko| f; u/]F t/ Tof] h'sf t clt lrKnf] lyof], hlt tfg] klg lrlKng] dfq eof] . d]/f] k|of; c;kmn eof] . Psl5g t d lgs} :tAw ePF . d t kxf8df hGd/] kxf8d} x's]s{ f] dfG5] . olt nfdf] / df]6f] h'sf] t bV] bf klg gbv] ]sf] dfG5,] cfh Toqf] hs' fn] 6f]Sbf d/] f] dg slt cflQof] ¤ cGtdf Pp6f pkfo ;fr] ]F . cfjZostfn] pkfosf] hGd lbG5 eg]sf] oxL t xf]nf ¤ clg uf]hLdf xft xfn]/ ?dfn l¹sF] . kl;gf k'5b\\ fk'5b\\ f cvS| s k/]sf] / wg' klg gkfPsf] ?dfn xftdf lnP/ hs' fnfO{ bx|f;] uF ;dft/] y'Q tfg]F . h'sf t cfof] t/ h'sf lgrf]l/Psf sf/0f p;n] 5fbs] f /utn] ?dfn nyky eof] . xQkQ hs' fnfO{ ÇofFsF] . ?dfnn] /fd|} sfd lbof] . To;}n] xfn] f lb;f k'5/] ÇofFs]sf] sf7 klg slxn]sxLF sfd nfU5 egs] f] ¤ cF t To;kl5 d xtf/xtf/ gbLsf] lsgf/flt/ nfu]F . gbL tg{] tfgx]{ ¿sf] pkl:ylt klg kftlnFb} uPsf] lyof] . ljz]ifu/L ef/tlt/af6 gk] fn cfpg] ofqLsf] ;ªV\\ of gePsf sf/0f gfljsx¿ gbL lsgf/fdf u8s] f lsnfdf / 5]p5fpsf ¿vdf cfÇgf] 8ª' u\\ f 8f/] Ln] afwF ]/ cfcfÇgf 3/lt/ nfUb} lyP . dn} ] ToxfF ePsf gfljs cyjf df¹Lx¿nfO{ cg'/f]w u/]F . t/ s;n} ] dfg]gg\\ . d pkfo gbv] /] pleO/xF] . ToxfF ePsf] Ps hgf df¹Ln] eg—] slt k;} f lbG5f} t efO < dn} ] eg]F, æeGg'xf;] \\ g slt lng'x'G5 < zAbf {y uGtJo M kU' g'kg]{ 7fpF cv|Ss M lehLj/L ;s' ]/ bx|f] ePsf] lk8f}Fnf M uf]8fsf] k5fl8kl§sf] sdnf] df;' nyky M ntkt ePsf], ntkltPsf] Eoftnª' \\ h'sf M 7\"nf] vfn] h'sf gfljs M 8ª' u\\ f rnfpg] dflg;, df¹L :tAw M s'g} klg ri] 6f gePsf] df¹L M gfljs ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 33

d}n] ;f]wk] l5 lgs} el\" dsf afwF /] df¹LbfOn] eg—] PskN6 jf/kf/ ubf{ d}n] ;o ?lkofF lng] u/s] f] 5' . Tof] klg otf ef/tsf] k;} f !)) lbg] xf] < lbg] xf] eg] d kfl/ k¥' ofOlbG5' / cfpF5' . l5§} eGg'xf;] \\ t . cFWof/f] x'g nfUof], cFWof/f] ePkl5 8ª' \\uf jfl/kfl/ ug{ lgs} ufxf| ] k5{ . p;sf] s/' f klg a]7Ls lyPg . p;n] Ps hgf ofqL;Fu ef/tLo % ?lkofF lnP/ tfg{] u/s] f] xf] . PskN6df !) hgfnfO{ jf/kf/ u/fPsf] klg dn} ] b]v]sf] lyPF . d}n] cfkm\" ;uF ePsf] k;} faf6 Ps ;o ef/tLo ?lkofF lt/k] l5 pleg| ] g]kfnL k};f !)) ?lkofeF Gbf a9L lyPg . of] gbL t/k] l5 klg cd/k'/;Dd kU' g tLg lbg lxF8\\gk' Yof]{ . ef]ln lxlF 8of] eg] rfy} f] lbgsf] ;fF¹df dl/t/L 3/ ku' ] klg bO' { jf;sf nflu /ftsf] aL;sf b/n] rfnL; ?lkofF / kfrF 5fs vfgf vfg clg lrof vfhf vfg] vrs{ f] lx;fa ubf{ bO' { ;oeGbf sd k;} fsf] e/df s'g} xfntdf klg 3/ k'Ug] vr{ 5bF } lyPg . cfhs} ;fF¹sf] vfgf klg t rflxof] . ToxLF pleFbfplebF } d]/f] k6] efs] n] sfpsfp eO;s]sf] lyof] . Toltv]/ d}n] ;D¹]F — d aL= P= kf; u/]/ dfWolds lzIfssf] hflu/ vfg] dfG5] . hflu/ vfbF f dlxgfsf] @*) ?lkofF tna kfpg] dfG5] . ef?df lx;fa ug]{ xf] eg] dlxgfsf] !&% ?lkofF xft kfg]{ lzIfs . k/s] f] j]nf xL/f klg kmf]g'{k5{, gk/s] f j]nf l;of] klg ud' fpgx' 'Fb}g egs] f] oxL t xf]nf . d}n] of] pvfg ;D¹/] h] t knf{ krxQ/ ?lkofF lbG5' tfl/lbg'xf;] \\ bfO eGg vf]h]sf] t 8'ªu\\ fjfnf df¹L xb'F }g efO eg/] 8ª' u\\ f yGSofP/ af6f] kf] nflulbof] . Psftkm{ of] vr{ / csf{tkm{ gbL tg{] ;d:of ;lD¹Fbf lgs} xtf; ePF . d Psf]xf/] f] lx;fan] 3fl] /O/x]sf j]nf cl3sf] df¹L t af6f] nflu;s5] . ca s] ug]{ xf]nf eGb} u/]sf j]nf csf{] Ps hgf deGbf sx] L h7] f] pd]/sf] ckl/lrt unulnof ahf/ uP/ sx] L ;fdfg lnP/ cfPsf JolQm klg ;+of]un] ToxfF cfOk'u] . pgL klg g]kfnsf] ebk| /' s} lgjf;L /x5] g\\ . pgn] klg of] gbL t//] 3/ hfg' lyof] . dnfO{ t 9'ª\\uf] vf]Hbf bp] tf ldn]h:t} eof] . xfdL bj' } xftd] fnf] u//] gbLdf k:of}F . gbLdf kfgLsf] wf/ t Tolt t]lhnf] lyPg . t/ km/flsnf] gbLdf w/] } efu nb] f] ldl;Psf] afnj' f hd/] ef; ag]sf] yf/] } dfq el\" dsf M sg' } JolQm jf j:t'sf] ofu] bfgzAbf {yckl/lrt M glrg]sf] dl/t/L M aNntNn wf/ M gbL jf ;db' s| f] kfgLsf] kj| fx sfpsfp M st' s'tL nfUg] jf nufpg] nb] f] M afSnf] t/n kbfy,{ baba] ef; M bnbn lsl;dn] 34 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

kfgLsf] efu lyof] . xfdL la:tf/} kfOnf ;fb{} uof}F . t/ gbLdf hds] f] lxnf]df d/] f v'§f efl;P . la:tf/} kfOnf g;g{] l:ylt cfof] . d;uF } xftd] fnf] ug]{ ldqsf klg v§' f rNg 5f]8]sf lyP . ef;df wl;Psf xfd|f v'§fx¿ 3'F8fdfly;Dd efl;Fb} cfPsfn] kfOnf ;fg{ g;Sg] l:ylt eOlbof] . ;fyLn] cfÇgf] ¹f]nf sd' df cl8g] u/L s;/] k/\" } lhp gbLsf] kfgLd} 5f]8]/ ;l' tlbP . dnfO{ klg lhp k/\" } 5f]8]/ 6fpsf] dfq hf]ufP/ ;'Tg cfu|x ug{' u/] . d/] f] Aofu s]xL cf]hgbf/ ePsf sf/0f sd' df s:bf lgs} ef/L dx;;' eof] tk} lg ¹fn] f gkmS' g] u/L s;/] d klg gbLsf] nb] f] afnj' fdfly l5kl5k] aUg] kfgLdfly ;'ltlbPkl5 efl;Psf v§' f la:tf/} dfly cfP . klxn] t d ;T' g' eGg] ;fyLsf] egfOdf s]xL if8o\\ Gq uGw cfPsf] 5g} < eg/] zª\\sf klg nfUof] . t/ ;fyL afn'jfdfly 3;/]| ;b}{ cl3 a9s] f] bv] ]kl5 d}n] klg To;} u/F] . xfdL n]bf] kf/ ug{ ;kmn eofF} . dnfO{ Toltv/] dfq yfxf eof] . To:tf] ef;df kg{ nfluof] eg] lhpnfO{ 7f8f] xf]Og, t];f]{ eP/ ;g]{ ul/of] eg] ef;af6 aRg ;lsG5 eGg] yfxf eof] . tL ldqn] eg], ‘xfdL efl;g nfus] f] 7fpFdf bz afx| lkm6 ulx/f] n]bf]sf] ef; lyof] xfn] f . xfdL ToxfF gn8]sf eP tTsfn efl;P/ 8'AYofF} . xfdL sg' } xfntdf klg aRg] lyPgf}F .’ pgsf] of] egfO ;'g]kl5 kf] d/] f] t ;ftf] uof] . Toltv/] xfdL n]bf]sf] ef; s6/] kfgLsf] axfp ePlt/ cfO;ss] f lyofF} . hxfF kfgLsf] ju] df lxF8\\bf eg] xfd|f v§' fn] e'OdF f 6s] s] f j]nf kfgL xfdf| ] sDd/sDd/;Dd cfPsf] lyof] . bj' } hgf gbLsf] v8\\sf] sf6/] aflx/ lg:Sof}F . lsgf/df cfP/ nb] fd] f leh]sf] Aofudf nfus] f] nb] f] / lxnf] k'5kf5 u//] afS] g ldNg] agfPF . Aofudf sx] L yfg k':ts / n'uf sk8fx¿ lyP . tL ;a} leh]/ uf]a/ eP . of] ;as} f] sg' } jf:tf ePg, ;sz' n Hofg hf]ufP/ d]rL t/]/ ebk| /' ahf/sf] 5]p eP/ aUg] dr] L gbLsf] lsgf/ 6S] g kfpFbf cfÇgf] ;fjf;F dt] ul' d;ss] f] hLjg ;fjfF dfq xfO] g, gfkmf;lxt sdfpg ;kmn ePsf] cge' j eof] . dnfO{ gbLdf lalt;ss] f] Hofg hf]ufP/ NofOlbg] ldq d;uF labf dfu/] cfÇgf] 3/tkm{ nfu] . d rflxF /ft sf6\\g ;u/dfyf rf]ssf] ;ªu\\ d xf]6ntkm{ nfu]F . zAbf {y cf]hgbf/ M w/] } cfh] g ePsf,] ux«f}F axfp M axfa s'd M sfFwsf] 5]p / cfªsf] lz/ uf]a/ x'g' M sfd gnfUg] x'g,' lxn}lxnf] xg' ' v8\\sf] sf6\\g' M 7\"nf] ;d:ofaf6 pDsg' hf]l/Psf] efu ;fjfF M ;fk6L lnPsf] dV' o wg if8o\\ Gq M uK' t ¿kdf ul/g] hfn¹]n ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff & 35

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M /S;fn} , ebk| /' , kfl/kl§, rlrt{ , ;db' L| , ÇofSF g, cFWof/f], @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M df¹L, dl/t/L, ckl/lrt, nb] f,] ef;, cfh] gbf/, if8o\\ Gq, axfp #= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M gfljs, el\" dsf, sfpsfp, wf/, s'd, v8s\\ f] sf6g\\ ,' uf]a/ x'g' $= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z4' kf/]/ ;f/ M lt ldqn] eg] xfdL eflzg nfus] f] 7fpdf bz af/ lkm6 ulx/f] nb] fs] f] ef; lyof] xfn] f . v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M != c_ ;\"of]{bo cf_ ;'of{b] o O_ zo' f{]bo O_{ ;\"¥ofb] o @= c_ ;u+ d cf_ ;ª\\ud O_ ;Gud O_{ zªu\\ d #= c_ zs';n cf_ ;s';n O_ ;s'zn O_{ ;s\"zn $= c_ if8oGq cf_ ;8o\\ Gq O_ z8o\\ Gq O{_ if8o\\ Gq %= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf]8f ldnfpm M ;ªn\\ f ] p7\\g' kfl/ gfS] ;fg lbp;F f ] pqg' cFWof/f] wldnf] ;T' g' pHofnf] 8A' g ' jfl/ gfkmf /flt 36 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff &

^= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M wldnf] ;f¹F ku/L uF'Yg' c:ki6 ;GWof km]6f nufpg' ufa] / dn\" /sd ;fjfF ufOj{ :t'sf] lb;f &= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cgR' 5b] k9 / lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nv] M pQ/lt/ dfly ;o\" f{b] osf nflu rlrt{ cGts' f] 8f8F f, kzk' ltgu/, ;Gtk/' lt/sf ;a} kxf8x¿ afbnsf] ku/L u'y]/ 9;d:; a;s] f lyP . lbg la:tf/} ;GWoftkm{ 9Nb} lyof] . dw;] sf] Tof] klg ;d'bL| ;txeGbf yf/] } dfq prfOdf /xs] f] sr] gfsf] glhss} f] of] 7fp,F ;fpgsf] udL,{ lbpF;} klg dR5/n] cfjm| d0f ug{] ToxfsF f] kl/l:ylt lgs} c;xh lyof] . ;8sdf l;w} lx8F \\g] xf] eg] 3'F8f3'8F f cfpg] u/L lxnf] hds] f] lyof] . dn} ] sfwF df kfrF lsnf] hltsf] ¹fn] f af]ss] f] lyPF . dfh] f kms' fn/] h'Qfdf 3';f//] Pp6f xftn] hQ' f Rofk/] csf]{ xftn] ¹f]nfnfO{ cf8 lbP/ lxlF 8/xs] f] lyPF . s= dflysf] cgR' 5]baf6 kfFr j6f gfd zAb l6k M ==================, ==================, ==================, ==================, ================== v= dflysf] cgR' 5]baf6 kfrF j6f /]km - { _ nfus] f zAb l6k M ==================, ==================, ==================, ==================, ================== k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s_ gfkmfsf] hLjg gfds ;:+ d/0f s;n] n]v]sf x'g\\ < v_ gbLsf] en] bV] bf 8/fPsf] nv] ssf] dg s] bv] /] /dfof] < ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 37

u_ nv] ssf] sfFwdf s] lyof] < 3_ eb|k'/ k'Ug nv] sn] gbL tl/;sk] l5 klg slt lbg lx8F \\g'kYof{] < ª_ nv] s /ft sf6g\\ stflt/ nfu] < @= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a]7Ls s] x'g,\\ lrg]/ n]v M s_ nv] s kfFry/sf dfG5] xg' \\ . v_ gk] fns} af6f] 3/ hfg] af6} geP/ ef/tlt/af6 hfgk' Yof]{ . u_ nv] sn] ef/tsf] af6f] 3/lt/ nfUbf /]n r9] . 3_ df¹Ln] w/] } k;} f eg]sfn] n]vsn] 8ª' u\\ f r9g] g\\ . ª_ bnbndf km;]/ nv] ssf] ¹G8} Hofg uPsf] lyof] . #= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ d}n] gbL t//] g]kfnsf] ========================= df kU' g' lyof] . -e/tk'/, ebk| '/_ v_ dn} ] sfwF df========================= lsnf] hltsf] ¹f]nf afs] ]sf] lyPF . -kfrF , bz_ u_ d t ========================= df hGd/] kxf8d} xs' {]sf] dfG5] . -kxf8, t/fO{_ 3_ k/]sf] jn] f ========================= klg kmf]g{'k5{ gk/s] f jn] f l;of] klg ud' fpgx' F'bg} . -xL/f, rfFbL _ ª_ ========================= df hds] f] lxnf]df d]/f v'§f efl;P . -gbL,af6f]_ r_ xfdL s'g} xfntdf klg ======================== lyPgfF} . -aRg,] dg{]_ $= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M s_ ;ª\\nf] vf]nf s:tf] eP/ alu/x]sf] /x5] < v_ nv] snfO{ s:tf] h'sfn] r':of] < u_ df¹Ln] gbL jf/kf/ ubf{ slt ?lkofF lnbF f] /x]5 < 3_ plebF fpleFbf nv] ssf] dg s:tf] eO;s]sf] lyof] < ª_ nv] snfO{ gbL tg{ l;sfpg] ;fyL sg' 7fpFsf lyP < 38 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

%= s;n] s;nfO{ eg]sf] xf] < kf7sf cfwf/df vfh] /] eg M s_ lbg] xf] eg] d kfl/ k¥' ofOlbG5' / cfpF5' . v_ eGg'xf;] \\ g slt lng'x'G5 < u_ xfdL efl;g nfus] f] 7fpFdf bz, afx| lkm6 ulx/f] nb] f]sf] ef; lyof] xfn] f . ^= efj lj:tf/ u/ M s_ cfjZostfn] pkfosf] hGd lbG5 . v_ k/s] f] j]nf xL/f klg kmfg] k{' 5{, gk/]sf jn] f l;of] klg ud' fpg'xb'F }g . &= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M s_ /fhG] b| ;j' b] L s'gsg' af6f] x'bF } eb|k/' ku' ]sf /x]5g\\ < v_ nv] sn] gbL;Dd k'Ubf s] s:tf] cge' j u/] < u_ nv] sn] gbL kf/ ug]{ jm| ddf ss] :tf] ;d:ofsf] cge' j ug'{k¥of] < 3_ gbL kf/ u/]kl5 n]vsn] s] u/] < *= dflysf] ;:+ d/0fsf] zLif{s lsg ‘gfkmfsf] hLjg’ /flvPsf] xf]nf < cfÇg} zn} Ldf j0f{g u/ . tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M klxnk] lxn] oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ w]/} lyPgg\\ . uf8Lx¿ u8' \\gsf nflu oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ gxbF' f dflg;x¿ 3f8] ]6f] / uf/] 6] f] af6fsf] ko| f]u uby{ ] . gbL / vfn] faf6 jf/kf/ ug{ clxnh] :tf] kn' x¿ ags] f lyPgg\\ . dflg;x¿ 8ª' u\\ faf6 gbL jf/kf/ uy{] . sltko vf]nf / gbLx¿df tO' gsf] dfWodaf6 klg jf/kf/ ug{ afWo xG' y] . h;n] ubf{ dflg;x¿nfO{ oftfoftsf] c;l' jwf ef]Ugk' g{] dfq xfO] g† b3' {6gf;d]t efU] gk' g]{ afWotf lyof] . clxn] uf8Laf6 Ps 3G6fdf k/\" f ug{ ;lsg] uGtJo Toltv/] lbgel/ nufP/ lxF8\\g'kYof{] . dflg;x¿ ufpuF fpaF f6 w]/} lbg;Dd lxF8/] dfq lzIff cfh{g ug{ sf7df8f}F kU' y] . sf7df8fbF} l] v k\"j{sf dflg;x¿ To;tkm{ hfgsf nflu ef/tsf] af6f] klg cfjthfjt ub{y] . kj\" {klZrd dfus{ f] aLrdf kg]{ sf;] L gbLdf k'n gaGb} dflg;x¿ j}slNks dfus{ f] ¿kdf ef/tlt/sf] af6f] ko| f]u uy{] . To;u} /L klZrdlt/af6 cfjthfjt ug{ gf/fo0fL gbLdf k'n gaGb} 7n\" f] ;d:of x'g] u/s] f] cge' jLx¿ atfp5F g\\ . ;b\"/ klZrdlt/sf] ofqf ubf{ s0ff{nL gbLsf] kn' gaGb} lgs} ;d:of xG' Yof] . kj\" {klZrd /fhdfus{ f] lgdf0{ f ePkl5 tL Ifq] x¿af6 sf7df8f}F jf cGo 7fpdF f cfjthfjt ug{ lgs} ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . cfhefl] n gk] fnsf b'ud{ ufpFufpF;Dd oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿sf] cfphfp a9s] f] 5 . h;n] ubf{ dflg;x¿nfO{ oftfoftsf] Ifq] df w/] } ;'ljwf ePsf] 5 . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 39

c= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M 8'ªu\\ f, s0ffn{ L, gf/fo0fL, k\"jk{ lZrd, b'ud{ , sf];L, uGtJo, 3f8] 6] f,] uf/] ]6f] cf= 7Ls egfOdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M s= gbL / vfn] faf6 jf/kf/ ug{ clxnh] :tf] k'nx¿ ags] f lyPgg\\ . v= gbLx¿df s]an' sf/sf] dfWodaf6 klg jf/kf/ ug{ afWo xG' y] . u= lxdfnlt/ hfg dflg;x¿ ef/tsf] af6f] ko| fu] uy]{ . 3= dflg;x¿ w/] } lbg;Dd lx8F ]/ sf7df8f}F kU' y] . ª= clxn] bu' d{ 7fpFdf klg oftfoftsf ;fwg ku' s] f 5g\\ . O= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M != oftfoftsf ;fwg gxbF' f dflg;x¿ s:tf] af6fsf] k|ofu] uy]{ < @= klxn] dflg;x¿ gbL jf vfn] fdf s;/L jf/kf/ uy{<] #= dflg;x¿ s;/L sf7df8f};F Dd k'Uy] < $= klZrd / ;'b\"/ klZrdlt/ cfjthfjt ug{sf nflu s'gs'g k'nx¿ agk] l5 ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 < %= kj\" {klZrd /fhdfu{n] s'g If]qsf dflg;x¿ a9L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\\ < ;'gfO ;Lk -k[i7 @!( df lbOPsf] cg'R5b] _ lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M != tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M s= lbgxF' lg:sg] / xKtfdf lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ s]s] elgG5 < v= kqklqsfaf6 s]s] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kfpg ;lsG5 < u= kqklqsfaf6 s]s] s'/fsf] ljsf; x'G5 < 3= kqklqsfn] s;/L dgf/] ~hg k|bfg ub5{ < ª= lj1fkgaf6 kf7snfO{ s;/L kmfObf x'G5 < 40 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

@= sfi] 7saf6 5fg/] vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls zAb e/ M s_ kGw| lbgdf lg:sg] klqsfnfO{ klqsf elgG5 ================== . -kflIfs, dfl;s_ v_ ================== ;flxTosf nflu klg kqklqsfsf] lgs} 7\"nf] el\" dsf /x]sf] x'G5 . -efiff, gT[ o_ u_ ================== e08f/ j[l4 ugs{ f nflu klg kqklqsfsf] lgs} 7n\" f] of]ubfg /xG5 . -zAb, wg_ 3_ lgoldt kqklqsf k9\\g] ljBfyL{x¿ ================== n]vgdf klg /fdf| ] k|:tl' t ug{ ;Sb5g\\ . -lgaGw, lr7L_ ª_ ============== ¿kdf kqklqsfsf] cWoog ug]{ afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . -lgoldt, clgoldt_ Jofs/0f ;Lk kbju{ gfd M jfSodf ko| fu] ePsf zAbnfO{ s] < sf] < s'g < eg/] k|Zg ubf{ pQ/ cfpg] zAb gfd xf] . gfdn] JolQm, hflt, ;dx\" , efj, b|Jo cflbnfO{ a¹' fp5F . ;j{gfd M gfdsf] ;§fdf ko| f]u x'g] d, xfdL, tF, ltdL, pm, pgL, tkfO,{F pxf,F cfkm\" h:tf zAbx¿ ;jg{ fd x'g\\ . ljzi] f0f M gfd jf ;jg{ fdsf] u'0f, bfi] f, cj:yf, l:ylt / kl/df0f a¹' fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ljzi] f0f elgG5 . ljz]if0f ;w}“ ljzi] o;u“ uf“l;P/ cfp“5 . tLtf,] tftf], lr;f,] cUnf,] xfr] f], ;fgf,] sfnf,] /ftf] /fdf| ], c;n, ;'Gb/, dL7f] h:tf zAbx¿ ljzi] f0f xg' \\ . lj|mof M jfSodf stfn{ ] u/]sf] sfd a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ljm| of elgG5 . ljm| ofn] jfSodf sfd a¹' fp5“ eg] jfSo klg 6ª' \\Uofp“5 . ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 41

!= tnsf jfSodf /]vfª\\lst zAbx¿ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljzi] f0f, lj|mofdWo] s] x'g\\ < lrg M s= xfdLn] 3/df a;/] klg w/] } kf7 k9o\\ f}F . eg, ;fyL ltdLn] ljBfno uP/ slt kf7 k9o\\ f} < v= k9fO, nv] fOdf Wofg lbg] d]/f] afgL dg k/fP/ pxfnF ] dnfO{ :ofaf;L lbge' of] . u= dflg;sf] xn' ot}lt/ cfO/xFbf xfdLn] t bnsf] hn' ;' xf] ls eGg] kf] 7fg]sf lyofF} . 3= ltdL d]/f] 3/df cfpm, vfpm, gfr, ufpm / /dfOnf] u/ x} ;fyL . ª= lgs} /fd|f] lrq agfpg ;Sgn] fO{ dfq kl| t:kwf{df ;xefuL xg' ] df}sf ldn]5 . @= kf7af6 kfFrkfFr j6f gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f / ljm| of vf]h/] tnsf] tflnsfdf n]v M gfd ;jg{ fd ljz]if0f lj|mof ! ===================== ! ===================== ! ===================== ! ===================== @ ===================== @ ===================== @ ===================== @ ===================== # ===================== # ===================== # ===================== # ===================== $ ===================== $ ===================== $ ===================== $ ===================== % ===================== % ===================== % ===================== % ===================== l;h{gfTds ;Lk lzIfsaf6 ;g' != ;+:d/0f egs] f] klxn] sg' } ;dodf cfk\"mn] cg'ej u/s] f] jf ef]us] f] s'/fnfO{ snfTds ¿kdf k:| t't ul/Psf] lgaGw xf] . lgaGwsf ljleGg ks| f/x¿dWo] ;+:d/0f klg Ps xf] . ;+:d/0f klg bO' { ks| f/sf x'G5g\\ . Pp6f ofqfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . ofqfsf jm| ddf cfkm\" n] bv] ] ef]u]sf s/' fx¿ ;d6] /] n]lvPsf] ;+:d/0f ofqf;+:d/0f xf] . csf]{ ljutsf /fdf| jf g/fd|f cg'e\"ltx¿sf] ;:+ d/0f xG' 5 . o;df hLjgsf] s'g} If0fdf cfkm\" nfO{ k|efj kf/]sf] s/' fsf] ;:+ d/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ofqfsf cg'e\"ltx¿nfO{ ;d6] /] n]lvPsf] ofqf ;+:d/0fnfO{ lgofqf klg elgG5 . o:tf] ;:+ d/0fn] gofF 7fpsF f] af/d] f hfgsf/L lbG5 eg] ;f] 7fpFsf] xfjfkfgL, /xg;xg, hLjgk4lt cflbsf] af/]df klg 1fg lbG5 . ;:+ d/0faf6 JolQmsf cge' jx¿ dfq yfxf kfpg] xfO] g† To;af6 ;xL, unt s'/fx¿sf] 1fg klg kfOG5 . 42 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

;+:d/0f nV] bf M s= ljutdf 36]sf] 36gfsf] :d/0f u//] a'bF f agfpg], v= tL a'bF fx¿nfO{ l;nl;nfa4¿kdf l6kf]6 ug],{ u= e\"tsfnsf] efiffdf 36gfsf] j0fg{ ug{] . @= ltdL sg' } ofqfdf hfbF f 36s] f] 36gf jf /dfOnf] If0fsf] rrf{ ub}{ Pp6f ;:+ d/0f nv] . #= ltdLn] u/]sf] sg' } sfdaf6 ltd|f lzIfs v';L xg' 'ePsf] If0fsf] ;D¹gf u//] Pp6f ;:+ d/0f nv] . gk] fnsf sx] L ;ªu\\ x| fnox¿ M Onfd ¹fkf, bds nK] rf ;ª\\u|xfno /;j' f ;k{ ;ªu\\ |xfno zlQmvf/] , lrtjg tfdfª ;ª\\ux| fno alb{of rk] fª ;ªu\\ |xfno es[ 6' L d08k, sf7df8fF} yf¿ ;ªu\\ |xfno 5fpgL, sf7df8fF} hghflt ;ª\\ux| fno 5fpgL, sf7df8f}F /fli6o« ;ª\\u|xfno ;fg]kf, nlntk'/ ;l} gs ;ª\\u|xfno 5fpgL, sf7df8f}F /fli6«o km6' an ;ª\\u|xfno :joDe\", sf7df8f}F /fli6«o db' f| ;ª\\ux| fno k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;, kfv] /f k|fsl[ ts lj1fg ;ª\\ux| fno kf]v/f, sf:sL kt' nL ;ª\\u|xfno cGt/fl{ i6o« kjt{ Lo ;ªu\\ x| fno ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \\vnf sIff & 43

kf7 $ a'afnfO{ lr7L lr7L tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;an} ] k9 M ;fyLn] dnfO{ Odn] k7fP5 . afaf ljbz] af6 cfpge' of] . rf8kj{df ;a} hgf hDdf xG' 5g\\ . bfhn' ] df}/Lkfng ug'{ePsf] 5 . 44 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M d ltdf| afaf s] sfd ugx{' G' 5 < d ltdf| sfx] L cfkmGt ljb]zdf x'g'x'G5 < d ltdL 6f9f ePsf cfÇgf dflg;;uF s;/L ;Dks{ u5f{} < d ltdLnfO{ lr7L nV] g cfpF5< d 3/]n' pBfu] eg]sf] s] xf,] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M d cfxf ¤ o;kfln t xfd|f afaf klg cfpg'xG' 5 /] . d d}n] afafnfO{ Odn] klg k7fPsf] lyPF . d ljbz] df hfg'eGbf t :jbz] d} a;/] sfd ug'{ kf] /fd|f] x'G5 . d sfsfn] ufpdF f ufOk{ fng ug{e' Psf] 5 . d rf8kj{df afaf gx'Fbf t lgs} g/dfOnf] xFb' f] /x5] . d cfÇgf] >d :jbz] d} vr{ ug{] dflg;n] w/] } ;'v kfp5F . d hGd lbg] cfdf / hGde\"ld :jue{ Gbf klg dxfg\\ x'G5g\\ . ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 45

ltdLnfO{ lr7Lkqsf] af/d] f hfgsf/L 5 ls 5}g . klxn]klxn] clxns] f] h:t} Od]n, OG6/g6] sf] hdfgf lyPg . 6f9f ePsf cfÇgf cfkmGt, ;fyLefO / Oi6ldqnfO{ cfÇgf] xfnva/ atfpg / pgLx¿sf] xfnva/ yfxf kfpg lr7Lkq n]Vg] ul/GYof] t/ clxn] of] k|rng 36/] uPsf] 5 . sfkLsf] kfgfdf n]lvPsf] lr7L vfdleq xfn]/ vfddf bfofFtkm{ kfpg] / afofFtkm{ k7fpgs] f] k/\" } 7]ufgf n]v]kl5 vfddf l6s6 6fF;L lr7LnfO{ x'nfssf] dfWodaf6 ;DalGwt 7fpFdf k]|lift ul/G5 . lr7L nV] g] klg 5'§} z}nL xG' 5 . tnsf] lr7L Pp6f afnsn] ljb]zdf a:g] cfÇgf afafnfO{ n]v]sf] lr7L xf] . afnsn] cfÇgf afaf ljbl] ;Psf sf/0f cfk\"mnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfus] f] u'gf;f] o; lr7Ldf u/]sf] 5 . rf8kjd{ f afafsf] cefj dx;;' u/]sf] afnsn] cfufdL b;d}F f pgnfO{ :jb]z kmsg{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . ltdL klg tnsf] lr7L k9 . lr7Lsf] dd{ a'¹ / lr7L n]Vg] z}nL klg yfxf kfO/fv n . hs' ]gf, c3f{vfFrL ldlt M @)&%÷)$÷!@ cfb/0fLo a'af, ;fi6fª\\u b08jt\\ ¤ oxfF ;a} sz' n dªu\\ n 5 . ToxfF klg aa' fsf] ufydf sz' ntfsf] sfdgf ub5{ ' . aa' fsf] lr7L gcfPsf] klg w/] } eof] . s]xL va/ cfPg, ;Grf] la;Grf] s] 5 eg]/ xh'/cfdf klg lk/fl] n/xgx' G' 5 . dnfO{ klg aa' fsf] Gof;f| ] nfus] fn] kq sf]g{ a;s] f] x'F . cfdf klg a'afn] lr7L k7fpge' of] ls eg/] ufpsF f x'nfsL bfOsf] af6f] x]b}{ a:gx' 'G5 . crn] t ufpdF f 6l] nkmfg] tyf OG6/g6] sf] klg ;'ljwf 5 . lr7L nV] g gEofP klg Psl} 5gsf] km';{b ldnfP/ kmf]g uge'{ P ;an} fO{ 9'Ss xg' ] lyof] . aa' f ufpFdf dflg;x¿ cgs] s'/f u5g{ \\ . ljbz] df uPsfx¿n] w]/} b'Mv kfPsf] ;dfrf/ ;'gfpF5g\\ . To:tf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 dg g} Pstdf;sf] eP/ cfpF5 . aa' f cfÇgf] b]z, cfkmGt tyf ;fyLefO 5f]8/] xfd|f] eljiosf nflu eg]/ ljbz] hfg'ePsf] klg w]/} jif{ eO;Sof] . ljbz] uPsfx¿ j]nfj]nfdf :jb]z kmsG{ 5g\\ . xfd|} ufpFsf klg slt hgf kmls{;s]sf 5g\\ . a'af dfq gkms+b{ f dflg;x¿n] w]/} s'/f sf6\\g] u/s] f 5g\\ . xg' t s'/f ugs]{ f] d'v s;n] kf] 6fNg ;S5 / < t/ vf;df aa' f, ;a} hgf ;uF } a;]/ rf8kj{ gdfg]sf] klg w]/} eO;Sof] . ;as} f kl/jf/ ;uF } bV] bf cfÇgf] kl/jf/ cw/' f] nfUbf] /x]5 . dnfO{ t aa' f l5§} :jb]z kms{/] cfpg'eP x'GYof] eGg] nfus] f] 5 . ljb]zdf klg sfd gu/L sdfO xg' ] xfO] g . zAbf {y ufy M z/L/, lhp Pstdf; M Ps;/' k] g Gof;f| ] M PSnf] eO{ vNnf] dx;'; ug'{ 6fNg M /fS] g, 5S] g jf aGb ug{ 46 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\\ nf sIff &

a? ToxfF aufpg] kl;gf cfÇg} bz] df aufOof] eg] b]zsf] ljsf; x'G5 . cfÇg} b]zdf sdfO klg x'G5 . ljb]z s:tf] xFb' f/] x]5 eGg] b]Vg kfOxfNg'eof] . ca ToxfF w/] } ;do ga:gx' f]nf . xfdLnfO{ tkfOn{+ ] sx] L Nofpgk' b}g{ . cfk\"m dfq ;sz' n cfpg'eof] eg] x'G5 . a'af, k;} f eg]sf] t xftsf] d}nfh:t} xf] . k};f slt eP/ dfq k'U5 / dflg;nfO{ < afRF gsf nflu cfjZos kg{] vr{ t xfdL cfÇg} bz] df sdfpg ;lsxfN5fF} lg . clxn] s[lif Joj;fodf klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL xG' 5 . xfdL klg ufOk{ fng u/fnF} f, t/sf/L v]tL u/fF}nf . ldlxg]t u/]kl5 gx'g] s] 5 / < kNnf3/] sfsfn] ufO{kfngaf6} w/] } sdfO ug'{ePsf] 5 . l;/fg3/sf uf]s0f{ bfOn] klg ad] f};dL t/sf/L vt] L u/]/ /fdf| ] sdfpge' Psf] 5 . clxn] s[lifdf nfUgx] ¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] klg /fdf| ] k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . To;}n] a'af tkfO+{ ca ljb]zsf] df]x Tofu/] cfÇg} bz] kmls{gx' f;] \\ . vf;df ;uF } a;]/ rf8kj{ gdgfPsf] klg w/] } eof] . o;kflnsf] b;d}F f h;/L klg kmls{gx' f]nf . oxLF cfPkl5 ca s] ug{] eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn klg u/f}nF f . nV] bfn]Vb} kq w/] } nfdf] eO;Sof] . xj;\\ t cfhnfO{ olQ afsF L csf]{ kqdf . pxL Kof/f] 5f]/f] ljho an] af;] vfdsf] gd'gf zAbf {y k7fpg] kfpg] ljho a]naf;] b08kfl0f a]naf;] hs' g] f, c3f{vfFrL kmfNsg dfs{]6, g]kfn . bf]xf, stf/ . cw/' f] M ck/' f] kf| yldstf M JolQm jf j:tn' fO{ k|fKt xg' ] klxnf] ;s'zn M s'zntfsf ;fy :yfg jf cj;/ cfDbfgL M cfo kNnf3/] M kNnf] 3/sf df]x M sg' } j:tk' l| tsf] cfsif0{ f jf ad] f;} dL M df;} d jf ;dodf k}bf gxg' ] rfxgf ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 47

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M s'zndª\\un, 9'Ss, km;' {b, :jbz] , eljio, jif{ @= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M ufy, Pstdf;, cw/' f,] cfDbfgL, ad] f};dL #= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M Gof;|f], 6fNg', ;s'zn, kNnf3/,] k|fyldstf, dfx] $= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M afFRgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ vr{ t xfdL cfÇg} b]zdf sdfpg ;lsxfN5f}F lg . v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M != c_ s'zn cf_ s;' n O_ si' fn O_{ s\"zn @= c_ a]nfjn] f cf_ jn] fj]nf O_ a]nfj]nf O{_ jn] fan] f #= c_ bz } cf_ b;} O_ bz}F O_{ b;F} $= c_ ;ªu\\ Lt cf_ ;ªl\\ ut O_ ;+uLt O_{ ;l+ ut %= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf]8f ldnfpm M h7] f] d/0f hLjg /ft ns] cz'e ;kgf a];F L z'e lakgf 7Ls sfG5f] lbg a7] Ls 48 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff &

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M ufy cfo cw/' f] z/L/ cfDbfgL /fS] g dfx] ck/' f] 6fNg dfof &= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cg'R5b] k9 / lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]v M afFRgsf] nflu cfjZos kg{] vr{ t xfdL cfÇg} b]zdf sdfpg ;lsxfN5fF} lg . clxn] s[lif Joj;fodf klg /fdf| ] cfDbfgL x'G5 . xfdL klg ufO{kfng u/f}Fnf, t/sf/L vt] L u/fn}F f . ldlxg]t u/]kl5 gxg' ] s] 5 / < kNnf3/] sfsfn] ufOk{ fngaf6} w]/} sdfO uge'{ Psf] 5 . l;/fg3/sf ufs] 0f{ bfOn] klg a]df;} dL t/sf/L vt] L u//] /fd|f] sdfpge' Psf] 5 . clxn] sl[ ifdf nfUgx] ¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] klg /fd|f] k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . To;n} ] a'af tkfO+{ ca ljbz] sf] dfx] Tofu/] cfÇg} b]z kmls{g'xf];\\ . s= dflysf] cg'R5b] af6 rf/ j6f ;jg{ fd zAb l6k M ==================, ==================, ==================, ==================, ================== v= dflysf] cgR' 5b] af6 rf/ j6f rGb|ljGb' - F _ nfus] f zAb l6k M ==================, ==================, ==================, ==================, ================== k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk != tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M s_ dflysf] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ n]v]sf] xf] < v_ afafnfO{ lr7L nV] bf s] eg]/ clejfbg ug'k{ 5{ < u_ xh'/cfdf s] eg/] lk/fl] nO/xgx' 'G5 < 3_ cfhef]ln ufp3F /df sg' s'g s'/fsf] ;'ljwf ku' ]sf] 5 < ª_ ufpFsf dflg;x¿ s:tf ;dfrf/ ;'gfp5F g\\ < ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\\vnf sIff & 49

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] x'g,\\ lrg]/ nv] M s_ dflysf] lr7L afafn] 5f]/fnfO{ nv] ]sf xg' \\ . v_ ufpsF f dflg;x¿ ljbz] uPsfx¿nfO{ k|z;+ f u5{g\\ . u_ ufpdF } a;s] f dflg;x¿n] klg /fd|} sdfO u/]sf 5g\\ . 3_ cfhefl] n Odn] / OG6/g]6sf] hdfgf cfPsf] 5 . ª_ 5f]/fn] afafnfO{ kqsf] pQ/ l5§} k7fpg\" x} egs] f] 5 . #= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ ================= uPsfx¿n] w]/} bM' v kfPsf] ;dfrf/ ;g' fpF5g\\ . -ljb]zdf, :jb]zdf_ v_ xfd}| ================= klg slt hgf kmls;{ s]sf 5g\\ . -ufpFsf, ;x/sf_ u_ ljbz] df klg ================= gu/L sdfO xg' ] xfO] g . -wd{, sfd_ 3_ xfdLnfO{ tkfO+n{ ] ================= Nofpg'kb}{g . . -sx] L, sk8f_ ª_ ================= slt eP/ dfq kU' 5 / dflg;nfO{ < . -k;} f,dg_ $= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M s_ ljb]z uPsfx¿ j]nfj]nfdf sxfF kmsG{ 5g\\ < v_ :jb]zdf kl;gf aufpbF f s] xG' 5 < u_ s[lifdf nfUgx] ¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] s] lbPsf] 5 < 3_ uf]s0f{ bfOn] s:tf] t/sf/L vt] L ug'x{ G' 5 < ª_ ljhon] afafnfO{ slxn] 3/ kmlsg{ egs] f] 5 < %= efj lj:tf/ u/ M k};f slt eP/ dfq kU' 5 / dflg;nfO{ < ^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ b]pm M s_ ljhon] afafnfO{ lr7L nV] g'sf] p2Z] o s] xf] < v_ cfÇgf afaf cfkm\" ;uF gx'bF f ljhonfO{ s] ;d:of k/s] f] 5 < u_ ljb]z guP/ :jb]zd} a;]sf ss;n] ss] ] pGglt u/]sf 5g\\ < 3_ ltdL ljhosf] ljrf/;Fu ;xdt jf c;xdt s] 5f}† sf/0f;lxt :ki6 kf/ . 50 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\\ nf sIff &