["n\u0103ng h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lincoln v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Andersen l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. 22. HI\u1ec6N T\u01af\u1ee2NG \\\"NG\u01af\u1edcI SI\u00caU PH\u00c0M\\\" Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt trong h\u1ed9p k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c linh c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc tai h\u1ecda. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \\\"si\u00eau ph\u00e0m\\\". V\u1eeba qua, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \\\"H\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \\\"kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\\\" n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, khoa V\u1eadt l\u00fd C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00fac \u0110\u00e1n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u1ede th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t que di\u00eam trong chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0u \u0111en. Sau \u0111\u00f3, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb xa, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ebb g\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c que di\u00eam \u1edf trong chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai: Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft ra. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \\\"H\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3\\\". H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \\\"Khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Th\u1ecbnh H\u1ed5 H\u1ec9, Vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00fac \u0110\u00e1n (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), cho bi\u1ebft: sau h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy lu\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb c\u1ef1 ly xa) \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \\\"m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3o\\\". C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n l\u00ean \\\"m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh\\\" n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean \\\"m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh\\\" \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb theo h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn tr\u00f2n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau ra ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3","th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \\\"ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eau ph\u00e0m\\\" g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \\\"truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u\\\" ho\u1eb7c \\\"truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\\\" c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u1ef1 ly tr\u00ean 1.000 km, t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Kinh t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 41 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \\\"ng\u1eedi\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c \\\"c\u1ea3m\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf xa c\u00f3 m\u00f9i g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb g\u00ec... Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u00d4ng Th\u1ecbnh H\u1ed5 H\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u2013 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, v\u00ec c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. 23. C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T NH\u00c0 B\u00c1C H\u1eccC TRONG M\u1ed6I CH\u00daNG TA M\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 10 tu\u1ed5i sau m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng ch\u00e0y v\u0103ng tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n g\u1ed3m 9 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn 24 l\u1ea7n? L\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, b\u00e9 Nadia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m c\u00f4 b\u00e9 l\u00ean 2 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Em n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra m\u1eb9 n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb l\u00fac 6 tu\u1ed5i, Nadia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ed1t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7m l\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e9 gi\u1ea5y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 (autism: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c). Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac l\u00ean ba tu\u1ed5i r\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00ec Nadia \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y b\u00fat v\u00e0... v\u1ebd. Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ebd bao gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4 b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo tr\u00ed nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u1ef1a \u0111ang phi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc v\u1ebd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, c\u00f4 b\u00e9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u1eddm v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 y\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00ecn qua th\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng \u0103n nh\u1eadp g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng khi Nadia n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd.","Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \\\"th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i\\\" m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u00e9 Nadia. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Joseph. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \\\"con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n l\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n th\u00ec ra con s\u1ed1 1.234.567.890?\\\", \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc: \\\"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 137.174.210 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean 9 l\u1ea7n\\\". Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i con s\u1ed1 8.288.628 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn 24 l\u1ea7n, cho ra s\u1ed1 140.737.488.355.328! Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Douglas S.Fox \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tr\u1ea1i Acorn Outdoor Ornaments d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 Guy. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Guy \u0111\u00e3 trang tr\u00ed c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m anh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m, c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u. M\u1ed7i khi qu\u1ea1t xoay t\u1eeb b\u00ean n\u00e0y qua b\u00ean kia th\u00ec mi\u1ec7ng con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u h\u00e1 to r\u1ed3i ng\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y qu\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0 \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u01a1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2u l\u00ean hay h\u1ea1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng theo chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 con c\u1eebu, khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean tr\u00e1i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1ee3t, nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Guy ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc hay l\u00e0m to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee7a, v\u1eaby \u0111u\u00f4i v\u00e0... t\u00e8. N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng (tr\u00e1i) N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng (Ph\u1ea3i) M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 S. Fox g\u1eb7p trong tr\u1ea1i Acorn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Tim. Anh ta \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3, r\u1ed3i khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1y \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, anh ta \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o: - Ng\u00e0y 15\/7\/1970 - \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Anh ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y n\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111i m\u1ea5t.","C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Timothy Richard, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California \u1edf San Diego (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng 40 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00ean 5. Anh ta m\u00f9 b\u1ea9m sinh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 ra sao. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng n\u00e0o, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 m\u1ea5y trong tu\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 70%. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Tim kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p song sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau 40.000 n\u0103m! \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. 24. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U N\u00c3O B\u1ed8 K\u1eba GI\u1ebeT NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u00c0NG LO\u1ea0T Joel Rifkin, t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng \u1edf New york, k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft 17 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm trong v\u00f2ng 4 n\u0103m, th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: H\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u1edf nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, y than th\u1edf: \\\"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng, hay b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa\\\". C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Rifkin c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 hay v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1eafn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao h\u1eafn l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Adrian Raine, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nam California v\u00e0 Monte Buchsbaum, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y khoa Mount Sinai \u1edf New York (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: N\u00e3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 \u1edf thu\u1ef3 th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Buchsbaum n\u00f3i: \\\"Thu\u1ef3 th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m\\\". Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, thu\u1ef3 th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd x\u1eed s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 theo c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \\\"kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao\\\" c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng","lo\u1ea1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00e1c: Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xa l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hay s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i do b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00fac \u1ea5u th\u01a1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i \u1edf thu\u1ef3 th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. 25. TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI B\u00cd \u1ea8N C\u1ee6A NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI \\\"NGHE\\\" M\u00c0U M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trung ni\u00ean kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 nghe b\u1eb1ng... m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1eef \\\"hai\\\" c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u01a1, s\u1ed1 \\\"2\\\" m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, s\u1ed1 \\\"3\\\" m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \\\"giao th\u00f4ng\\\" l\u00e0 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa xanh l\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2u. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng xem ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00f3i t\u00ean m\u00e0u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef in, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \\\"nghe\\\" m\u00e0u, \\\"s\u1edd\\\" \u00e2m thanh hay \\\"n\u1ebfm\\\" h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \\\"c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t\\\". Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1, k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Wiseman s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vanderbilt (Washington, M\u1ef9) cho bi\u1ebft: B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh, c\u1ee9 trong 2.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 25.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec hay m\u1eafc h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng","c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf kh\u00e2u trung t\u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, sau khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb hai m\u1eaft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra? Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Vilayanur Ramachandran, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111an xen nhau h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tinh vi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong n\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ea2nh tr\u00ean ch\u1ee5p t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 9 c\u1ee7a South Bridge. \u1ea2nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p ch\u1ec9 sau 5 ph\u00fat C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean n\u00e3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngay c\u1ea1nh v\u00f9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu n\u01a1ron trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111an xen d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nghe \u00e2m thanh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. 26. NH\u1eeeNG B\u00d3NG MA \\\"\u0110\u1ec0U N\u1eb0M TRONG T\u00c2M T\u01af\u1edeNG\\\" \u201cB\u00f3ng ma l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u00f3c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt xung quanh\u201d, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Anh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edbn l\u1ea1nh khi tr\u1eddi ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i n\u00ean n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \\\"c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3\\\" trong ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh hai \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u2013 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Hampton Court v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 South Bridge \u1edf Edingburgh, Scotland. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Richard Wiseman, thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hertfordshire v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u00fa v\u1ecb, gi\u00fap l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kinh h\u00e3i trong m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng","v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng ma \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i Hampton Court \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111ang \u1ea9n n\u00e1u oan h\u1ed3n Catherine Howard, v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 5 c\u1ee7a vua Henry VIII, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed \u2013 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edbn l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i k\u00ea khai t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t g\u1eb7p ma s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp to\u00e0 nh\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u00edp \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung xung quanh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ma qu\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Hampton Court, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Georgian v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Ma \u00e1m. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u1edf Edinburgh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. \\\"\u00c1m \u1ea3nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\\\", ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Richard Wiseman l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ma qu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Wiseman v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ma th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhau \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa\\\", \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. Khi ki\u1ec3m tra chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u00f2ng, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Wiseman cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh\\\" \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \\\"tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u1ee3i n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3\\\" c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xung quang. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p","c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ma qu\u00e1i trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ai tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0i nghi t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ma m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. \\\"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb ma \u00e1m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\\\", Wiseman n\u00f3i. 27. V\u00cc SAO TH\u1ea6Y B\u00d3I LU\u00d4N N\u00d3I \u0110\u00daNG? Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, chi\u00eam tinh \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o qu\u00e1 chung chung, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1992, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Geofrey Dean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft ra 10 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 26 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t. 1. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Barnum, hay vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, chung chung. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u00e1c m\u00e0n xi\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a P.T. Barnum. N\u0103m 1949, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \\\"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\\\" hay \\\"b\u1ea1n th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat thay \u0111\u1ed5i\\\". Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Barnum c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn khi: 1) Ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. 2) L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 \u01b0a, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \\\"B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\\\", 3) \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. 2. \u0110\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed9i (cold reading), hay vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u1ea1i Berlin, ch\u00fa ng\u1ef1a Hans th\u00f4ng minh bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n (nh\u01b0\u1edbn m\u00e0y, nh\u0103m tr\u00e1n, h\u00edt v\u00e0o hay th\u1edf ra, v\u01b0\u01a1n hay so vai...) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m to\u00e1n. Ng\u1ef1a c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i, m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea1o \\\"k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea5y tin\\\" n\u00e0y. 3. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Fox, hay ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb l\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3i, ta s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ef1c ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. N\u0103m 1947, ba nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai \\\"ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Fox\\\" thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc 55 nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, quan ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1n phi\u1ebfu th\u0103m d\u00f2, 42","ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng: b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u minh ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n nghe th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t. 4. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang, hay t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5y b\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t h\u01a1n \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, \u01b0a nh\u00ecn h\u01a1n k\u00e9m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c... Gi\u1edbi b\u00f3i to\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y! 5. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u1ea3o hay tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y. T\u1eeb v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi, ta nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i m\u00e0 ta th\u00edch. 6. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m hay v\u00ec sao th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 chung chung n\u00ean kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu sai th\u00ec th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n minh, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft thi\u00ean c\u01a1. Ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft thi\u00ean c\u01a1? 7. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (placebo), hay n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xem b\u00f3i l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i n\u00f3i sai. C\u00e1i \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i. Khi h\u1ecd b\u00f3i sai, ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u00e1m hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh. 8. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, hay bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ta ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho \u00edt ti\u1ec1n boa, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 anh ta ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ra g\u00ec, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n boa \u00edt th\u1eadt. Anh ta cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u00ean tri, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed3i. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n xung quanh Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n 9. K\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, hay ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n nh\u1edb. Khi th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0a ra hai d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00e1m d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o sai, ta say s\u01b0a k\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 hai d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \\\"\u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1\\\", m\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 20%! Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1edbi 50% (th\u1eafng hay thua, trai hay","g\u00e1i...), th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 70% (th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ng\u00e0y mai gi\u1ed1ng h\u00f4m nay). 10. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc, hay d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Gi\u1edbi b\u00f3i to\u00e1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu n\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ta t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u. Khi c\u00f3 ai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ta t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, th\u00f4ng minh, gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, giao thi\u1ec7p r\u1ed9ng, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ta t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u huy\u1ec1n c\u01a1! C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4 s\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3ng (hot reading). N\u00f3 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Dean nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. V\u1eeba g\u1eb7p b\u1ea1n, \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi do \u0111\u00e3 xem qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean h\u1eb9n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n sau. \u0110\u00fang h\u1eb9n b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta li\u1ec1n k\u1ec3 vanh v\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd t\u00ean, c\u01a1 quan, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh... B\u1ea1n cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \\\"t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7\\\" si\u00eau ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tin theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1m t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o b\u00e1m theo b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft! V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo b\u1ea1n, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? 28. L\u1edcI NGUY\u1ec0N \u2013 TRUY\u1ec0N THUY\u1ebeT HAY \u0110I\u1ec0U C\u00d3 TH\u1eacT \u0110\u00c3 \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C M\u00c3 HO\u00c1 V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Pharaon b\u1ecb khai qu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, vang l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n \u0111e kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh run l\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u1eafp qu\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1860, thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh. C\u00e1i n\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu s\u0129 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Khi v\u1ec1 Anh qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1 kia \u0111\u00e3 gieo r\u1eafc tai h\u1ecda cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Douglas Muray. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay ngay sau khi mua c\u00e1i n\u1eafp do m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u1edf London. C\u00f4 m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1i n\u1eafp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem. \u00cdt ng\u00e0y sau, m\u1eb9 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t qua \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u00f4n b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh nan y b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m, y h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khi \u00f4ng Muray \\\"cung ti\u1ebfn\\\" c\u00e1i n\u1eafp qu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 cho Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ai C\u1eadp, khi \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t","nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ed5 in tr\u00ean n\u1eafp, b\u1ed7ng l\u0103n ra ch\u1ebft. N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed sau khi ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u00e9t gian \u00e1c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u1ebd ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i n\u1eafp (m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i)... Tin \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u1eafp qu\u00e1ch lan nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930, \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang l\u1ec5 t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng hoa quanh n\u1eafp lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u1eabn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c Pharaon. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \\\"t\u1ea9m\\\" l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn. Thurston Hopskins \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: V\u00e0o th\u1eddi N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Victoria, t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n William Corder \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn t\u1ea1i Polsted (n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 5\/1827. V\u00e0 h\u1eafn b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, ph\u1ea7n thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Kilmer c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 b\u00ed. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00ean gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0y \\\"l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh\\\" \u1edf ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, c\u00f3 l\u00fac r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 k\u1ebb l\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng trong ph\u00f2ng, v\u1eadn y ph\u1ee5c th\u1eddi Victoria. Ri\u00eang b\u00e1c s\u0129 Kilmer c\u00f2n nghe r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea9m b\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ph\u00ec ph\u00f2. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c, b\u00e1c s\u0129 nghe nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0y c\u00e1i s\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ed1c t\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac Kilmer b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ecd r\u01a1i v\u1ee1 tung, c\u00f2n s\u1ecd t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u0103n nh\u1edf (?). Kilmer \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t. \u00d4ng \u0111em chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd Corder tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho cha Thurston Hopskin, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111em c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 Kilmer c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Vi ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t Sudarium Chuy\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc York g\u00e2y ra n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948, Thora Hird, n\u1eef di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 khi tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch. C\u00f4 kinh h\u00e3i khi th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng","th\u00edt ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi kho\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi... Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 bao ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean tai ho\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, hay tai ho\u1ea1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 b\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"Hy v\u1ecdng\\\" l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i giai tho\u1ea1i theo m\u00f4 t\u00edp \u1ea5y: M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tai \u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Marie Antoinette, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"Hy v\u1ecdng\\\". Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp reo r\u1eafc \u0111en \u0111\u1ee7i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t, khuynh gia b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i. T\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin. \u0110i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n \\\"ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn\\\" \u0111ang n\u1eb1m y\u00ean trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. Khi h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \\\"qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt\\\" nh\u1ecf li ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u, li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ngay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n \u201cch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn\\\" n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu mang t\u00ednh th\u00eau d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n. 29. T\u1ea4M V\u1ea2I LI\u1ec6M C\u1ee6A CH\u00daA JESSUS C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 15 n\u0103m, t\u1ea5m v\u00e0i li\u1ec7m Turin m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i Turin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. V\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 4 m, r\u1ed9ng 1 m, nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e1u v\u00e0 h\u1eb1n l\u00ean h\u00ecnh khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, tay v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nam gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Jesus. Raymond Rogers, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0","ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Los Almos \u1edf New Mexico, M\u1ef9, cho r\u1eb1ng: m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t n\u0103m 1978. Rogers l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 tham gia v\u00e0o D\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin (STURP) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978 - m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra khoa h\u1ecdc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u0103m ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Turin, Italia. N\u0103m 1988, Vatican \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u mi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng con tem \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang t\u1edbi ba ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 carbon (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Li\u00ean bang Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1260 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1390. Th\u00e1ng 12\/2003, Rogers nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n STURRP. M\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, Rogers \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t l\u00ean m\u1eb7t s\u1ee3i \u1edf g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i. Rogers cho bi\u1ebft: \\\"G\u00f3c v\u1ea3i n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e0u ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m\\\". Rogers c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 gh\u00e9p \u2013 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y g\u00f3c v\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng nghi ng\u1edd ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng carbon, b\u1edfi m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m tr\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp t\u1edbi Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. Rogers n\u00f3i: \\\"C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u01b0a ra ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai nghi ng\u1edd ch\u1ed7 v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i\\\". K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n STURRP c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y g\u00f3c v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m. Theo Kinh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i kh\u1ecfi th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 thi th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n v\u1ea3i theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n Do Th\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ghi chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m. T\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Clement VI, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1349 khi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean Geoffrey de Charny","mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 \u1edf Constantinople (Istanbul ng\u00e0y nay). T\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Lirey, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1355. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n: T\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. Douglas Donahue, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Turin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1ea3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft: \\\"T\u00f4i tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ea3i t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed m\u1eabu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng carbon cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1n Ch\u00faa Jesus. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n? Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. N\u0103m 1999, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XVI, Avinoam Danin, nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jerusalem, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n hoa tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Jerusalem. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. Sudarium - t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Jesus \u2013 c\u00f3 d\u00ednh ph\u1ea5n hoa gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00f3m AB. Do Sudarium \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m Sudarium. D\u00f9 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Phillip Wiebe thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trinity Western, Canada, cho bi\u1ebft \\\"T\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m Turin c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn t\u00e2m linh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ed \u1ea9n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ai?\\\". N\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n xung quanh c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt STURRP kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u v\u1ebd. 30. CON NG\u01af\u1edcI M\u1ea4T KH\u1ea2 N\u0102NG \u0110\u00c1NH H\u01a0I NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O?","Ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb t\u00ecnh nghi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ec9 qua ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Weizmann v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a Max Planck (\u0110\u1ee9c) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. X\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp b\u00ean trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 \u1edf ngh\u0129a trang San Bemado T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 gene chi ph\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng protein ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u00f9i, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee5 quan n\u00e0y khu tr\u00fa trong l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u0169i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9i \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c gene kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 gene n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1edbi m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Doron Lancet c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Weizmann \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng: h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 gene kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai: Li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gene kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh ADN c\u1ee7a 50 gene kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c chung cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ec9. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 54% s\u1ed1 gene \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, so v\u1edbi 28-36% tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f9i v\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a homo sapiens. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb.","X\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau 70 n\u0103m 31. B\u00cd \u1ea8N HI\u1ec6N T\u01af\u1ee2NG \u01af\u1edaP X\u00c1C T\u1ef0 NHI\u00caN \u1ede COLOMBIA B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Colombia \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u ra v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y: Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 qu\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a trang San Bernado th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t trong t\u1ee7 k\u00ednh: t\u00f3c, r\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n, tay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ghi: \\\"H\u1ee1i Ch\u00faa, h\u00e3y cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng\\\". Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edf n\u1eafp quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n thi th\u1ec3 sang v\u1eadt chung \u0111\u1ef1ng di c\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn ch\u1ed7 trong c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Colombia. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u1edf ngh\u0129a trang San Bernado, n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Bogota 72 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Thi H\u00e0i L\u00eanin Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u gai \u1edf b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 guatila v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. 32. K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT B\u00cd \u1ea8N GI\u1eee X\u00c1C \u01af\u1edaP NGUY\u00caN","V\u1eb8N SAU 70 N\u0102M Trong khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n thi h\u00e0i L\u00eanin th\u00ec Andrey Romadanovsky, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thua k\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Siberia t\u1eeb 70 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trung t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Nga (TV) cho bi\u1ebft: Hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thi th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m Y khoa \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Omsk. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, tr\u00f4ng \u00f4ng ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfn x\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi thi h\u00e0i L\u00eanin \u0111ang y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 trong l\u0103ng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecf (n\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i), x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp v\u00f4 danh \u1edf Omsk ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong quan t\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ee5i. Tuy th\u1ebf, thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1993. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Romadanovsky \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb formol, c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 glycerin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ecbch \u01b0\u1edbp. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u01b0a ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n thi h\u00e0i L\u00eanin, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, l\u0103ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e2m c\u1ea3 thi th\u1ec3 L\u00eanin trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n thi h\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft. C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i Omsk, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c quanh \u0111\u00f3. 33. \u01af\u1edaP L\u1ea0NH C\u01a0 TH\u1ec2 \u2013 H\u00c0NH TR\u00ccNH GIAN NAN \u0110I T\u00ccM S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T T\u1eec","T\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c d\u1eady sau h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ra c\u1ea3 gia t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. X\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u1ede M\u1ef9, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh sau khi ch\u1ebft. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 h\u00e3ng kinh doanh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n nay, g\u1ea7n 70 di h\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u0169 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sau 20, 50 hay 100 n\u0103m, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5c sinh, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n tr\u00ean 150.000 USD. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 neuro. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y n\u00e3o, c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i sinh. Hugh Hixon, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Alcor Cryogenics, m\u1ed9t trong 5 h\u00e3ng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, cho bi\u1ebft: N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf n\u00e3o, ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n theo ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng Rambo ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e1y t\u00ednh... \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u00f3c kia ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -1960C (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng). Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eed thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1nh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng l\u1ed7 ch\u1ed7... Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Ngay khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ranh gi\u1edbi 00C, n\u01b0\u1edbc (chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 70% c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng. N\u00f3 t\u0103ng 9% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh. Nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o,","\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f4 l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ho\u00e0 tan trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t thu nh\u1ecf. Dung d\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n dung d\u1ecbch b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tan v\u1ee1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u0103ng s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ngay b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 x\u00e9 r\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eed thi n\u1eb7\u00eang 70 kg v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \\\"nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi\\\" (v\u00ec m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eady). ... M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00e1u l\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 \u1ebfch r\u1eebng, th\u00edch nghi r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, lo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau hai tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 65% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng. B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1ebfch c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a gluco, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1edd v\u1eady qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, cho \u0111\u1ebfn -80C (d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u1ebfch s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft), ph\u00eda b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. L\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Alcor \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed truy\u1ec1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t glycerol. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -1960C, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 00C m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4-6 ti\u1ebfng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p. * Truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 00C m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, tinh tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan, tim, x\u01b0\u01a1ng hay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o), c\u00e1c van tim v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed","m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 da hay gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i tim, gan hay th\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m -1960C, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tu\u1ef5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra insulin, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh nhanh, trong khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ti\u1ebft ra gulcagon, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng nhanh n\u00e0o...) Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u1ea1nh qua \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf xa. * Thu\u1ef7 tinh thay th\u1ebf b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 \u0110a s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em \u0110\u1ee9c tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng sang m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi: thu\u1ef7 tinh ho\u00e1. V\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ef7 tinh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nhanh xu\u1ed1ng -1300C th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \\\"thu\u1ef7 tinh\\\" \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u), ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb x\u00e9 r\u00e1ch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00fac h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh... M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, Geogory M. Fahy, chuy\u00ean gia thu\u1ef7 tinh ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng, v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c quan. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng m\u1edbi, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Alcor c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng","tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng. 34. TR\u1eba EM GI\u1ea2I TH\u00cdCH TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O? \\\"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a, x\u01b0a l\u1eafm, l\u00fac em c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a sinh ra. B\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao... \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i\\\", m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 b\u00e9 9 tu\u1ed5i h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng em \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p I, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt em n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \\\"N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5. Em ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c d\u1eady. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng ra ng\u1eafm xem t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5 to nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\\\", m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 10 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh 12 tu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i: \\\"M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n sinh ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng d\u1ecbu m\u00e1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\\\". Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt em tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u em nh\u1ecf t\u1ecf ra kh\u00e1 ho\u00e0i nghi. M\u1ed9t em n\u00f3i: \\\"Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00faa ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ef7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thang \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng... 35. GI\u1ea4Y GI\u00c1N T\u01af\u1edcNG GI\u1ebeT CH\u1ebeT NAPOLEON","M\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Napoleon v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1250 b\u1ea3ng Anh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 Ludlow ng\u00e0y 16-10. ... th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd v\u1ee1 Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 8 n\u0103m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ecdn t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ra t\u1eeb t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Napoleon sau khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, cho th\u1ea5y 8 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn. \\\"Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m\\\" c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Longwood tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o St Helena, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng 6 n\u0103m l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1821. Th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn to\u1ea3 ra. M\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 Mullock Madele \u2013 \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t. Richard Westwood-Brookes, chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 cho bi\u1ebft: M\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y 2-inch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ea9u v\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Napoleon. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n n\u1eb7c danh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Peter \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9 m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m 1825 \u2013 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n cho bi\u1ebft khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00e1i h\u00f2m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i v\u00ec v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1eefa. 36. B\u00cd \u1ea8N TRONG S\u1ef0 \\\"HO\u1ea0 V\u00d4 \u0110\u01a0N CH\u00cd\\\" S\u1eafp \u0111i l\u00e0m mu\u1ed9n, b\u1ea1n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng l\u00f4i ng\u0103n k\u00e9o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i. Trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, l\u00e1t b\u00e0nh m\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u0129a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n - \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ebft b\u01a1 \u00fap xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1edbi b\u1ebfn xe, b\u1ea1n x\u1ebfp \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u00e9 trong khi v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn loay hoay s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i... \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean","nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng vui l\u00e0: v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1eb3n t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy: N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea5u, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c: Ph\u00fac b\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng lai, ho\u1ea1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u00ed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 Trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u00ec gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \\\"k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc\\\", do nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n lu\u00f4n \u0103n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Robert Matthews \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Aston t\u1ea1i Birmingham (Anh), \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y: Nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1949, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c trong xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft g\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi xe d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c g\u1eafn kh\u00edt v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i do \u0111\u1ea1i u\u00fd Edward A.Murphy thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Murphy \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o sau cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t g\u00ec. Th\u00ec ra, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c b\u1ecb m\u1eafc sai. Sai l\u1ea7m hy h\u1eefu n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Murphy ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \\\"N\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai \u2013 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch sai \u0111\u00f3\\\". T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o, quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Murphy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cao nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn Murphy ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn. Nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Scotland Robert Burn ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb 1786: \\\"T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3\/ \u0110\u1ee7 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn\/ Nh\u01b0ng khi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n c\u00e1t\/ M\u1eb7t ph\u1ebft b\u01a1 lu\u00f4n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc\\\". * V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? N\u0103m 1994, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ch r\u01a1i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean b\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n khi b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u00fap s\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec chung v\u1edbi l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec ph\u1ebft b\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng.","\u00d4t\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp quan tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ch r\u01a1i s\u1ea5p hay ng\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch r\u01a1i kh\u00e1c xa s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng - \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng - \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda nh\u01b0 khi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch, l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3... kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng - \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda nh\u01b0 khi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch, l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3... kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Matthews th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa \\\"h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\\\" c\u1ee7a l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ebft b\u01a1 c\u1ee7a l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee7 cao (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 quay h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng). Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao? V\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111ang c\u00f3? Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n William H. Pres c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu cao qu\u00e1, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd n\u00e3o m\u1ed7i khi ng\u00e3. V\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t vong v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u00e3! \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chi\u1ec1u cao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft th\u00fac sau c\u00f9ng! Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 (Big Bang) 15 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, Matthews t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3 m, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ebft b\u01a1 c\u1ee7a l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng \u00fap xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1eb7t ph\u1ebft b\u01a1 \u00fap xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00ec v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \\\"mong mu\u1ed1n\\\" nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!","K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Mattthews gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy: T\u1ea1i sao th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9, c\u00f2n \u00f4t\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp quan tr\u1ecdng? Trong khi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \\\"k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc\\\", th\u00ec Matthews c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3: \\\"N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\\\". C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u00fa gi\u1eefa x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c quang h\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, khi \u0111\u00f3 \\\"v\u00f9ng Murphy\\\" g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca v\u00e0 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u00fang ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c quan cho th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng Murphy ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/10 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Murphy l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 50%. Ngo\u00e0i ra l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c quang h\u1ecdc: Cho d\u00f9 v\u00f9ng Murphy kh\u00e1 h\u1eb9p, ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, khi\u1ebfn ta t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Quy lu\u1eadt x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng: \\\"H\u00e0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc\\\". T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u1ebfp sau m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i mua s\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec sao? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ee9c \u00e1m \u1ea3nh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy hay kh\u00f4ng? R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh th\u00ec m\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft th\u00fac nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ng\u00e2n b\u1ea5m nh\u1ea7m, v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n... Nh\u01b0ng khi x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng trong si\u00eau th\u1ecb, ta kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m, t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1edbm. V\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 1\/N, v\u1edbi N l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng trong si\u00eau th\u1ecb. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi hai h\u00e0ng k\u1ebf b\u00ean, c\u01a1 may c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng thua v\u00ec trong hai ph\u1ea7n ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ta ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng sai! X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt Murphy kh\u00e1c: \\\"N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i\\\". N\u1ebfu ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 10 \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea5t, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3","m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n k\u00e9o to\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ecdc c\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai chi\u1ebfc c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh trong l\u00fac v\u1ed9i \u0111i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Quy lu\u1eadt mang \u00f4: \\\"Mang \u00f4 khi c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o m\u01b0a khi\u1ebfn m\u01b0a \u00edt khi x\u1ea3y ra\\\". V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 80%, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c mang \u00f4 theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang 4 trong 5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm m\u01b0a. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, 80% c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o m\u01b0a l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0a. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n vui v\u1ec1 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u01b0a lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1edbi (v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng), b\u00e0 mang \u00e1o m\u01b0a khi ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e1o m\u01b0a (m\u00e0 tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u1eafng) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1o \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a! \u0110\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 mang \u00f4 hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u01b0a trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 1 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u01b0a l\u00e0 0,1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u01b0a l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00ednh m\u01b0a. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c mang \u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 \u00edch. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o cao c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u00edt x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ea1i u\u00fd Murphy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \\\"b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n\\\" c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Murphy l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. 37. NG\u01af\u1edcI R\u1eeaNG \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM, HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 TH\u1eacT \\\"M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n tr\u00e1i tr\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 khi ta l\u1ea5y tay \u1ea5n l\u00ean b\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh tr\u00f4i. N\u00f3 to m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 thon nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n tay con g\u00e1i!...\\\". Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u1ea9n sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng m\u00e0","\u00f4ng t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u0103m 1982, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn t\u1ec9nh Gia Lai \u2013 Kon Tum. Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i sinh 5.202. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t, nay l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 may m\u1eafn \\\"t\u00f3m\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e8o Ng\u1ecdc Vin \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. D\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 khi ta l\u1ea5y tay \u1ea5n l\u00ean b\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh tr\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 30 cm, r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n 13 cm (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee1 gi\u00e0y 55-60). C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng l\u00f5m r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n leo n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e2y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng! Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb 25.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 30.000 n\u0103m. K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1ecf ra ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng: N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc Uo\u00e1t c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e3y nh\u00edp, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 b\u00e9cgi\u00ea, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \\\"l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\\\" gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft \\\"v\u0103n minh\\\" v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 \u0103n l\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ed7 th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a. Th\u1ef1c ra, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qua d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng khi h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n qua r\u1eebng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111ang th\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng l\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean s\u1eefng s\u1edd khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng to l\u1edbn, s\u1eebng s\u1eefng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e8o Ng\u1ecdc Vin. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f4ng l\u00e1 n\u00e0y th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean r\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng sang hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong r\u1eebng gi\u00e0. Sau n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd. Xa h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u1eefa, d\u00e2n Kon Tum c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng. L\u00fac \u1edf s\u00e2n bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn Kon Tum, l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7t x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng trong chi\u1ebfc v\u00f5ng. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, cao g\u1ea7n 2m. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft hay c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0","chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, l\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u1eady m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t... c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch v\u1eady! C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eafc Sa Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i\\\". \u1ede b\u00e3i g\u1ed7 g\u1ea7n su\u1ed1i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng. C\u00f2n n\u0103m 1980, hai nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ng\u1eafm ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n. Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \\\"con g\u1ea5u\\\" \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n, t\u00f3c xo\u00e3 ngang l\u01b0ng, \u0111ang rung m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb7t tr\u1ee9ng chim r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u00e3n \u1edf b\u00e0o thai d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng Nam B\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f2n \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 th\u00ec sao? Trong \u0111\u1ee3t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i S\u01a1n La, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. Anh n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, m\u00e0 theo m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi con v\u1eadt m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n S\u01a1n La k\u1ec3 cho nghe t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfng Th\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cP\u00ec coong c\u00f3i\u201d (hay Ma coong c\u00f3i), cao kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0103n \u0111\u00eam. L\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd kh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \\\"\u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00edch\\\" \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ed1c tr\u1ed9m c\u01a1m. T\u00ean \\\"\u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00edch\\\" m\u00e0 anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n S\u01a1n La v\u1eeba g\u1eb7p c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f4ng l\u00e1; n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1 ki\u1ebfm giun, th\u1ea5y anh li\u1ec1n b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. L\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p \\\"\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecdn\\\", m\u1ed9t tay n\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n, tay kia d\u1ee9 d\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhanh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng. X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng voi l\u00f9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Sicile, Italia \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u00f9 \\\"ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng\\\" cao l\u1edbn, th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng Sa Th\u1ea7y \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean - \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. C\u00f2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n S\u01a1n La s\u1eafp kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xa, s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a \u201cP\u00ec","coong c\u00f3i\u201d trong b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. D\u00f9 sao, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111ang che ph\u1ee7 \u1edf m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa. V\u00e0 li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai? 38. S\u1ef0 TH\u1eacT V\u1ec0 QU\u00c1I V\u1eacT \u0110\u1ed8C NH\u00c3N CYCLOPE V\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Sicile (Italia) ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ed \u1ea9n: R\u1ea5t to v\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa tr\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt Cyclope kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 Homere \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Odysses? Chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u00e0nh Troie c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Sicile, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt Cyclopes (m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft) 2.700 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u gi\u1eefa Ulysse, vua x\u1ee9 Ithaque v\u00e0 Polypheme, con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, con c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00f4 danh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Sicile nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea9u x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd b\u00ed \u1ea9n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ai? * S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng? L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 thi s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Italia, Boccade, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con Cyclope trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Odysses! V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, tri\u1ebft gia Hy L\u1ea1p Empedocle \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. C\u00f2n sinh v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00f3c g\u00ec l\u00e0 hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3. Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn g\u00e1n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u00e3n (Cyclope). T\u1eeb s\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n, m\u0169i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 hai m\u1eaft nh\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00ec n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. Theo c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng do gene, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vitamin A l\u00fac mang thai.","D\u1ecb v\u1eadt trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n * S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Homere \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Odysses. Athanasius Kircher l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Boccade. Theo nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y cao kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100m. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i, Kircher kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cao c\u00f3 10m. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u00e1i s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i voi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa v\u00ec c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con voi. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1914, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u00c1o Othenio Abel xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd \u1edf Sicile v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng voi l\u00f9n Mnaidriensis, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 10.000 n\u0103m. Othenio Abel l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ea9u x\u01b0\u01a1ng voi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Cyclope. C\u00e1i l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ed1c m\u0169i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u00f2i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1eaft th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf hai b\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu x\u01b0\u01a1ng voi \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Homere. 39. D\u1eca V\u1eacT K\u1ef2 L\u1ea0 TRONG C\u01a0 TH\u1ec2 NG\u01af\u1edcI M\u1ed9t n\u1eef b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n 30 tu\u1ed5i ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Ch\u1ee5p X quang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft tr\u00f2n m\u00e0u th\u1eabm trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. V\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n 5 mm v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Do v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tia R\u01a1nghen, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp d\u1ecb v\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \\\"kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\". T\u1eeb 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam","t\u00fac v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Harloy v\u00e0 Clark, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Oxford, Anh, khi d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi ki\u1ec3m tra n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ecb v\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n 0,5 mm n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi d\u1ecb v\u1eadt ki\u1ec3u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 implant, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o. C\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9 (CIA) t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u1eadt c\u1ea5y (implant) r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. CIA c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Roger Leir. T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1990, Roger Leir \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb v\u1eadt ra. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ch\u1eef T d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 1 cm. N\u00f3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Patricia v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i, ngay c\u1ea3 dao m\u1ed5 s\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch ra. L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 xung quang d\u1ecb v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i. \\\"D\u1ecb v\u1eadt g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao, t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5. Ph\u1ea7n da b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o n\u00e0o d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt\\\", ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Leir ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i. C\u00e1c d\u1ecb v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u m\u00e0u x\u00e1m nh\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng canxi, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a CIA c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh kim c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c... thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y hay u nang. Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc bao quanh c\u00e1c d\u1ecb v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb keratin - m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o da, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a da ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecb v\u1eadt trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Roger Leir T\u1eeb h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m nay, tr\u00ean da c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf Nga theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 nh\u00f4 ra","nh\u1eefng... m\u1ea9u nh\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed huy\u1ec7t ch\u00e2m c\u1ee9u, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u kh\u1ecfi. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 1mm \u0111\u1ebfn 1 cm, ch\u1ee9a silic, magie v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb\\\" nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n 53 tu\u1ed5i Pavel Popkov \u1edf Nikolaiev-an-Amur (Nga). B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt sau khi m\u1ed5 v\u1ebft s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y tr\u00ean vai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t... nh\u00fam thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n \u00f3ng \u00e1nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 sinh ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Pavel Popkov ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Popkov, tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 anh ta b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng Pavel Popkov \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y c\u00f3 thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai m\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00f4ng tin g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p, qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tr\u1ebb em n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Andre Mayer t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Khi \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 m\u1edbi 6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tim v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u. Ngay sau khi m\u1edf l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Mayer ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngay c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. Sau khi l\u1ea5y d\u1ecb v\u1eadt ra, b\u1ec7nh tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. C\u1ea3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1n t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII - XIX l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tim c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nhau (A). Nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 (B) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i (C) * M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 d\u1ecb v\u1eadt trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cnh\u1edb l\u1ea1i\u201d r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecb v\u1eadt trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201csinh v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y c\u00e1c d\u1ecb v\u1eadt v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng","d\u00f9ng dao k\u00e9o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Leir cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 d\u1ecb v\u1eadt trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u1edf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i hay c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y m\u00ea hay g\u00e2y t\u00ea khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e2m l\u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn chung: D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia, d\u1ecb v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a hay teleportasia (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea3y sinh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh teleportasia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean n\u00fai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed3 kim ho\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kim lo\u1ea1i, n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng than, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i hay \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy ni\u00ean, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. 40. S\u1ef0 L\u1ef0A CH\u1eccN B\u00cd \u1ea8N C\u1ee6A T\u1ef0 NHI\u00caN N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 tay tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 2 ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c axit amin c\u1ee7a protein ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a AND, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gian duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i nhau qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec d\u1ea1ng kia s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a \u1edf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00f9ng tay\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0","sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i, hay ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Louis Pasteur c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a axit tatric c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nho, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 \u00edch. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00f9ng ph\u00eda\u201d n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng nhau, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a AND l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng nhau. X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea \u201cMitchell - Hedges\u201d t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Trung M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Grenoble (Ph\u00e1p) Geert Rikken v\u00e0 Ernst Raupach, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, hay h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Rikken v\u00e0 Raupach \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y h\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng song song v\u1edbi tia s\u00e1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng: R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng \u201ctay m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda\u201d \u2013 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i - \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i kia (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam tr\u00ean 1.000 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc), c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng.","Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c axit amin. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi theo h\u1ecd, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d. 41. S\u1ecc PHA L\u00ca - PH\u00c1T HI\u1ec6N B\u00cd \u1ea8N NH\u1ea4T TH\u1ec2 K\u1ef6 XX H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng pha l\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927 t\u1ea1i Trung M\u1ef9, trong chuy\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh F. Albert Mitchell-Hedges v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nay b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 33 ha r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 \u1edf s\u00e1t nhau v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3. Mitchell- Hedges \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Lubaantun. Ba n\u0103m sau, Mitchell-Hedges cho con g\u00e1i m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Anna c\u00f9ng \u0111i trong chuy\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng 4\/1927, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i 17 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n c\u1edd c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch anh (m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng pha l\u00ea trong su\u1ed1t), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 3 th\u00e1ng sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t. Ph\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eafn r\u1ea5t kh\u00edt v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Anna. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7, Anna l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 kh\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.","X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd m\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i bang colorado (M\u1ef9) n\u0103m 1994 Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Anna ch\u01b0a ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4 khi c\u00f4 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea ngay c\u1ea1nh gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7 \u2013 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, Anna l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa... Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd \u201cMitchell - Hedges\u201d. Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60, Anna quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd cho nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Frank Dordland. Khi xem x\u00e9t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh, l\u0103ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Dordland c\u00f2n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, kh\u1ed1i pha l\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tham v\u1ea5n h\u00e3ng Hewlett-Packard, n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea1ch anh. Th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: Chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i tinh th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho bi\u1ebft: Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1edbi 7 theo thang \u0111\u1ed9 Moos \u2013 ch\u1ec9 thua 3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc (topaz), c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ecdc (coridon) v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngo\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ra, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebdo g\u1ecdt lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u1ee1 ra. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t: Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3.","C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u1eeb Hewlett-Parkard cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quang h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1edbt l\u1edd c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee1 ra ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u00ec sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i\u201d. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u2013 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf do \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t tr\u0103m n\u0103m... * C\u00e1c h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u201cpha l\u00ea d\u1ebbo\u201d? Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed FATE c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 8\/1996. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1994, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 trang tr\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n Kreston (bang Colorado \u2013 M\u1ef9) khi c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a trong khu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hay pha l\u00ea trong su\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u00e9o m\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1eb7n v\u1eb9o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ra v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i m\u00e9o m\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. B\u1ecb thu h\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng l\u1ea7n ra ch\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 30 chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u201cTh\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 canh g\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u0169ng cho ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kho c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 (Mexico, Brazil, M\u1ef9) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 con s\u1ed1 30 theo nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, cho d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd Mitchell-Hedges. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00f4 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u00e1i\u201d nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.","M\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 Langur \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t, Frank Josheph, b\u1ed7ng n\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: Li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cnguy\u00ean m\u1eabu\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u201cMitchell-Hedges\u201d c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho hai nh\u00f3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan: Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t New York (n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cnguy\u00ean m\u1eabu\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd Mitchell-Hedges l\u00e0 s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb. Ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd ki\u1ec3u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd Maya\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh\u201d, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea5y, s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, d\u00f9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i... Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh an, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi \u201cgiao ti\u1ebfp\u201d v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd \\\"Mitchell-Hedges\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ecfi h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng. N\u1eef ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 Joke fon Ditan th\u00ec cam \u0111oan, kh\u1ed1i u trong n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t nh\u1edd chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n Juan Parks, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea Marks t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o th\u1ecb s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f4i khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u00f4i hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1edbi.","Th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y thu ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hay th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea n\u00f3i ri\u00eang hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, qua \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc s\u1ecd pha l\u00ea v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ed \u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. 42. NH\u1eeeNG B\u00cd \u1ea8N XUNG QUANH HI\u1ec6N T\u01af\u1ee2NG \u0110A PHU Quan s\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a - Darwin cho r\u1eb1ng con c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, \u00edt th\u00edch giao ph\u1ed1i h\u01a1n con \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Darwin \u0111\u00e3 suy ra ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc Proceeding of Royal Society s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u2013 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Steven Gangestad, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc New Mexico (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m hormone \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 51 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u00d4ng r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Trong chu k\u1ef3 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c thu h\u00fat h\u01a1n ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh. Tuy s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Steven Gangestad kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2u nay. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 3 n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Jared Diamond, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y khoa Los Angeles (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.","63% tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Ache \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ph\u1ee5 M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y: Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch \u0103n m\u1eb7c h\u1edf hang h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c du m\u1ee5c Bushman s\u1ed1ng \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Kalahari t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u00e2u Phi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gia t\u0103ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Anh ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u201csung\u201d h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay, nam gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Darwin. Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Con \u0111\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, con c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cbu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc Angus John Bateman d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i suy t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt sang lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Con \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00e0ng \u201ch\u00e1o s\u1eafc\u201d bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec con c\u00e1i c\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Theo Bateman, con \u0111\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ecbch n\u00ean c\u00e0ng phung ph\u00ed tinh d\u1ecbch bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con ch\u00e1u b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, trong khi con c\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00edt tr\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u00fat t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm con \u0111\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi cho tr\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay, lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bateman \u0111ang b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Darwin. Nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecdc Sarah Balaffree Hrde thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California-Davies (M\u1ef9) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai, kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n \u0111i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd giao ph\u1ed1i ngay v\u1edbi con \u0111\u1ef1c \u201ctr\u1ebb trung\u201d kh\u00e1c. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, Hrde l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u00e1c b\u1ecf h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu con c\u00e1i con c\u00e1i lu\u00f4n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Darwin qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng: Kh\u1ec9 Langur c\u00e1i h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c \u0111i b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ec9 c\u00e1i d\u00f9 mang thai v\u1eabn tranh nhau giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con \u0111\u1ef1c v\u1eeba tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n. Theo b\u00e0, kh\u1ec9 c\u00e1i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u g\u1ed1c t\u00edch cha ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ec9 con, v\u00ec n\u1ea1n s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i con r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9.","* Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt xung quanh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a phu ... V\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0i nghi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Sarah Balaffer Hrde, khi b\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m con c\u00e1i lu\u00f4n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u201cm\u00e1u \u0111a t\u00ecnh\u201d kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec con \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111a th\u00ea. L\u00e2u nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u00ec \u201cb\u1ea1n g\u00e1i\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng Jakob Bro-Jorgensen, H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc London (Anh), \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Phi, con \u0111\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c trong m\u00f9a giao ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1edd c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1nh nhau ch\u00ed t\u1eed gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y con \u0111\u1ef1c n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i. \u1ede lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9, con c\u00e1i c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh, th\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cb\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ct\u1ef3 thi\u1ebfp\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ef1c, n\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft. John Hoogland \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Maryland (M\u1ef9) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00f3 c\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng Cymomys gunnisonni s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh s\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n con sinh ra c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi con c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Leeds (Anh) tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i d\u1ebf Gryllus bimaculatus c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh tr\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi con: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u00f3m d\u1ebf c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c anh em v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai giao ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0: Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai sinh con m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n sa m\u1ea1c Lacerta agilis v\u00e0 r\u1eafn vipere m\u00f5m tr\u00f2n c\u0169ng cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. S\u1edf d\u0129 con c\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n, Jeanne v\u00e0 David Zed, thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nevada (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u00e3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd cho nh\u1ec7n b\u1ecd c\u1ea1p gi\u1ed1ng Cordylochernes scorpioides giao ph\u1ed1i hai l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi hai con \u0111\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng con c\u00e1i n\u00e0o giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u1ef1c h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ec7n con s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy ra cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng:","Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha t\u1ea1i Nam M\u1ef9\u201d, hai nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Steve Beckerman \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Pennsylvania (M\u1ef9) v\u00e0 Paul Valentine \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc London (Anh) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft 20 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sau: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f4ng khai n\u00eau t\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m cha, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Darwin kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Theo c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Nam M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con c\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha th\u1ee9 hai trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y v\u00ec theo m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 Latinh: B\u00e0o thai do tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Bari \u1edf Venezuela ho\u1eb7c Ache \u1edf Paraguay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u00f9ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u00ean t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha duy nh\u1ea5t. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Kim Hill, 63% tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Ache \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ph\u1ee5. C\u00f2n trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Bari, Steve Beckeman \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn 80% trong s\u1ed1 194 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cha ph\u1ee5, s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 15 tu\u1ed5i, trong khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 64% trong 628 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. T\u00f9y theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha cho con c\u00e1i. Trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Currioaco \u1edf Colombia, nam gi\u1edbi gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Con c\u00e1i ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn mang d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha trong nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Canela, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: L\u00e0m cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i. T\u1eadp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai c\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i n\u1ed5i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5m no cho con h\u1ecd.","M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111a ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u00e2u Phi, c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 ngh\u00e8o \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Bryan Sykes \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 50% th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng mang gene \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. Trong v\u00f2ng 700 n\u0103m qua, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 1,3% tr\u1ebb em ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Sykes l\u00e0 con ngo\u1ea1i h\u00f4n. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u \u1edf M\u1ef9 ghi nh\u1eadn, trong n\u0103m 1999, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 25.000 ca x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m AND t\u00ecm quan h\u1ec7 cha con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ef9. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 28% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cha ru\u1ed9t. \u1ede Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00f4n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1 -10%. \u1ede Anh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 5,9%. 43. THUY\u1ebeT \u01afU SINH V\u00c0 M\u1ea2NG T\u1ed0I C\u1ee6A DI TRUY\u1ec0N H\u1eccC Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n: G\u00e1i hay trai, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i hay c\u00f3 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t... Nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a qu\u00ean tr\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 50.000 em nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 IQ d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. Hitler t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u01b0u sinh, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh giai c\u1ea5p qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c m\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Hitler, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u201clenbenborn\u201d, t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e0ng trai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c, v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c). H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng","minh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u01b0u sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 tr\u1ebb em ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d n\u00e0y. Sau khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c em nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng minh d\u01b0\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh hung h\u00e3n h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f2n dai d\u1eb3ng, x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft \u01b0u sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0129 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng danh ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn: Erasme Darwin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ee5i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn. Trong su\u1ed1t 5 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i Bach c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 16 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 20 nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a A.Tolstoi ngay \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean, \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 b\u1ecb 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n v\u00e0 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ebfc. Cha c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i Schuman l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh n\u1ebft r\u1ea5t l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m, m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb \u00f4ng t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Schuman ch\u1ebft trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc v\u0129 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng m\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecda s\u0129 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i Van Gogh l\u00fac n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n \u0111i\u00ean c\u1eaft c\u1ea3 tai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y b\u00e0n tay m\u00ecnh. Newton, Gogol, Pascal, Maupassant nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u0169ng l\u00ean c\u01a1n ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i... C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gene di truy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y qua th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nung n\u1ea5u \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy x\u00e9t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u201cd\u1edf kh\u00f3c d\u1edf c\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: Cha thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, con nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f9 kh\u1edd.","PH\u1ea6N 2: V\u0168 TR\u1ee4 V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG HI\u1ec6N T\u01af\u1ee2NG KHOA H\u1eccC CH\u01afA \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C GI\u1ea2I M\u00c3 1. NH\u1eeeNG C\u01a0N GI\u1eacN C\u1ee6A V\u0168 TR\u1ee4 Trong khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d Big Bang, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 sao ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, ng\u00f4i sao v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0 kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang b\u1ecb nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee1 ra v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao ch\u1ebft, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 \u0111en h\u00fat t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tia n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y n\u00f3 s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u00f4i sao g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ed1 \u0111en n\u00e0y \u201cnu\u1ed1t\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111i qua n\u00f3, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ph\u00e0m \u0103n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c v\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p 500.00 l\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. \u201cNh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang l\u1ea1i cho thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Friedrich Hegel: Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, t\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u2013 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cHi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 lu\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc trong khi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ednh trong cu\u1ed1n best-seller c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Xu\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Le Chaos at Harmonie (H\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 H\u00e0i h\u00f2a). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd","t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong nh\u1eefng trang ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. 2. S\u1ef0 VA \u0110\u1eacP C\u1ee6A TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhau: Nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn quay t\u1eebng h\u00e0ng s\u00e1t xung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, sao M\u1ed9c \u2013 do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u2013 che khu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u201cc\u01b0 d\u00e2n\u201d ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh \u1edf v\u00f9ng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ch\u00ednh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c sao H\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda sau canh gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c. B\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o bay, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 tung. V\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Southwest \u1edf Bolder (bang Colorado). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 5,8 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn. Va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 25 km b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh 39 m\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1eabn \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tai bi\u1ebfn ra \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tinh. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra khi kh\u00f4ng gian li\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 sao ch\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb v\u0103ng kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Sao Kim d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u201cv\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 quay r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t sao b\u0103ng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, c\u1ee1 sao H\u1ecfa va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3","ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c: \u201cM\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a sao Kim ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh\u201d. V\u1ee5 va \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh g\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng? \u0110\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a sao Kim v\u1eabn \u0111ang m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f2n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00f4i sao trung t\u00e2m. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ecf c\u1ee1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu va ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang th\u00ec b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 tan, c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u0103ng ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00f4i trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u201csa m\u1ea1c\u201d kh\u00f4ng gian. 3. \u0110I\u1ec6U NH\u1ea2Y CH\u1ebeT NG\u01af\u1edcI Leon Stuart v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i sao, \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eadu, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, kinh kh\u1ee7ng. M\u1ed9t tai bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi hai ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00e2m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao ch\u1ed5i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i sao lang thang, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng kia s\u1ebd v\u1ee1 tung nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 bom nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. R\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh b\u00e9 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. R\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh b\u00e9 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, hai h\u00e0nh tinh r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nhau, va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00f3 sau khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed5 tung v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng ra carbon t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh. Th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn, \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: Ng\u00f4i sao g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u1ea5t \u2013 Proxima du Centaura - \u0111ang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kho\u1ea3ng 4,2 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c lu\u00f4n ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u00e0ng x\u00f3m\u201d trong d\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u00fang t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n nhau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c va ch\u1ea1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n","h\u00e0, trong nh\u1eefng tinh c\u1ea7u, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u00f4i sao t\u1eadp trung trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p xung quanh ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0. Gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 1\/10 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m tinh c\u1ea7u bay h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00fa va \u0111\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong d\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cs\u1ed1ng c\u1eb7p\u201d v\u1edbi nhau. Hai ng\u00f4i sao quay xung quanh nhau v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t \u201cgi\u1eef g\u00ecn\u201d cho nhau. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y thi\u00ean th\u1ec3\u201d n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi c\u1eb7p sao g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao neutron, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c (ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 10 ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee1 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb3ng Paris) \u2013 v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebft kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Sau nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn nhau kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u201cnh\u1eb9 c\u00e2n\u201d trong \u201cc\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n\u201d s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u201cb\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3y\u201d ch\u01a1 v\u01a1 trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cc\u1eb7p b\u1ed3\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i sao neutron m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00fat \u201cng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng\u201d. Sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh\u201d ng\u00f4i sao neutron b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cn\u1ee5 h\u00f4n ma c\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: L\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong n\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi khi \u201cn\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft h\u1eb3n\u201d. S\u1ed1 gas h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng r\u1ef1c bao quanh ng\u00f4i sao neutron, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tia X. C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tia tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 tia v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd nh\u1edd c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00f3m thi\u00ean v\u0103n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u1edfi k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng Chandra. 4. L\u00c0M S\u00c1NG T\u1ece B\u00cd M\u1eacT N\u1eecA TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 C\u1ee6A M\u1eb6T TR\u0102NG Mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 do thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y ra \u1edf Arizona (M\u1ef9). S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/1953, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 Leon Stuart \u1edf Oklahoma (M\u1ef9) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c: M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, b\u1eafn tung l\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec Stuart s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ch\u1ecb H\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cStuart\u2019s Event\u201d. G\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 6 con t\u00e0u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecn ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng.","Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0i nghi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Stuart v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch, b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y khi bay v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Stuart l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang: H\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m m\u00e0 Stuart \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u2013 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 \u201cm\u1edbi tinh\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. \u201cC\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Stuart, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 va v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 20 m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 2 km. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed1 n\u00e0y\u201d, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Bonnie Buratti, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Jet Propulsion c\u1ee7a NASA \u1edf California, v\u00e0 Lane Johnson, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pomona, \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft. Hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra ch\u01b0a l\u00e2u, n\u00ean chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n hay phong h\u00f3a. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong h\u00f3a, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 m\u1edbi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xung quanh. Buratti v\u00e0 Lane \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng 35 km, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd l\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec5u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh do t\u00e0u Lunar Orbiter g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1967, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n, do t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng gian Clementine ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1994. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Buratti v\u00e0 Lane \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n: M\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng 1,5 km v\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i xanh s\u00e1ng \u1edf xung quanh v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa trong b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Stuart. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 5 mega t\u1ea5n (g\u1ea5p 35 l\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng Hiroshima) v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 sau n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng\u201d, Buratti n\u00f3i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Icarus.","5. S\u1ee8C M\u1ea0NH N\u00c0O T\u1ea0O N\u00caN NH\u1eeeNG CHI\u1ebeC H\u1ed0 B\u00cd \u1ea8N \u1ede ARGENTINA? M\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed3n tr\u0169ng thon d\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y song song h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Pampas h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c va ch\u1ea1m thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. N\u0103m 1991, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc Argentina khi bay qua v\u00f9ng Pampas (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Pampean) \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 tr\u0169ng thon d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c n\u00ean khi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau lao xi\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1edf g\u00f3c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 n\u1eb1m ngang. C\u00e1c b\u1ed3n tr\u0169ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y song song v\u1edbi nhau, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 bay c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea9u thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u suy \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 150 \u2013 300 m \u0111\u00e3 v\u0103ng ngang v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c 90.000km\/h, v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 7 \u0111\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 sinh s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ly k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 1992, khi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u201cn\u00f3ng m\u1eaft\u201d. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn bay v\u1edbi g\u00f3c th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 28\/8\/1984 t\u1ea1i Nam Dakota. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, Philip A.Bland v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n km2 trong v\u00f9ng Pampas, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 tr\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh, ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ed n\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y 10\/5 v\u1eeba qua, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science, Jay Melosh, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Bland \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona (M\u1ef9) cho bi\u1ebft: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 tr\u0169ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do gi\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang xoay theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong v\u00f9ng. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Bland k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb"]
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