English 2

Unit III Module 6 Becoming a Reflective LearnerOverview Youth is the springtime of life. It is a time for adventure, formaking dares, for taking risks and the more dangerous these are, themore attractive they become. Do you love taking risks? Are you the typical teenager whothrives on risks and believes in the saying, “no guts, no glory”? This module focuses on helping you become a good risktaker. After going through this module you will hopefully be able toreflect and take a good look at any risk you may want to take andturn it to your advantage.Objectives After working on the activities/exercises in this module, you will be able to 1. recognize synonyms and antonyms 2. scan for specific details 3. make inferences and predictions 4. point out how one’s attitudes contribute to a person’s values 5. react to assertions made in the text 6. express ability, possibility and obligation 7. ask/give permission and advice 8. make requests 9. write a personal reflection on a certain issueInstructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 1

2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first.3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn.4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answer against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest.5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop?6. After each activity go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes.7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest.PretestI. Vocabulary : Recognizing Synonyms and Antonyms Match the word in A with its synonym in B and its antonym in C. Write on your answer sheetthe letter of the synonym in the first number and its antonym in the second. A B C(word) (same meaning) (opposite meaning)1 – 2 fatal a. being away f. talkative3 – 4 absence b. sure g. early5 – 6 voiceless c. late h. presence7 – 8 certain d. deadly i. doubtful9 – 10 tardy e. silent j. harmlessII. Making Inferences Read the following passages then write the letters of your answers to the questions thatfollow.A. On the tropic isle the palm trees were swaying gently in the moonlight.11. When did this take place? a. Morning b. Noon c. Afternoon d. Evening d. Isle12. What caused the trees to sway? d. Frightening d. Philippines a. Breeze b. Moonlight c. Wind13. What word best describes the atmosphere? a. Dull b. Colorful c. Pleasant14. Where would this scenery be most likely to be found? a. Canada b. Alaska c. Himalayas 2

B. Heavy rains, strong winds and high waves forced Efren’s cousin to run his boat into the beach near a fisherman’s hut.15. Who landed on the beach?a. A boatman b. A fisherman c. Efren d. Efren’s cousin c. In the water d. In a cave16. Where did the fisherman live? c. Rainy d. Sunnya. In a boat b. In a shack17. What kind of weather is described?a. Stormy b. ChillyC. As the tourist paid his hotel bill, he turned and yelled to the hotel boy, “Quick boy, run up to Room 621 and see if I left my attaché case there. Hurry up because I’ve got only fifteen minutes to catch the plane.” Five minutes later, the hotel boy was back and out of breath. “Yes sir,” he reported, “it is up there.”18. What did the tourist expect the hotel boy to do?a. Keep the attaché case for him. c. Get the attaché case from the room.b. Tell him where the attaché case was. d. See if the attaché case was in the room.19. Why did the tourist forget his attaché case?a. He was in a hurry. c. He had other bags to carry.b. He was going to a party. d. His wife went ahead.20. How, do you think, did the tourist feel when the hotel boy returned without the attachécase?a. Amused b. Angry c. Afraid d. IndifferentIII. Using ModalsWrite the letter of the modal that completes each sentence correctly.21. __________ that I were a bird.a. Can b. Could c. Would d. Should d. must22. Tell her I __________ see her at once. d. might d. can’ta. may b. can c. might d. might d. would23. Do you really believe you __________ do it? d. May d. coulda. can b. shall c. may d. would24. The gang __________ be the same again when you leave.a. mustn’t b. won’t c. shouldn’t25. We __________ conserve water and power.a. will b. could c. must26. Everyone __________ come, rain or shine.a. might b. should c. could27. __________ you speak Mandarin?a. Would b. Must c. Can28. You __________ call me up tonight if you wish.a. must b. should c. would29. If I were younger I __________ climb that mountain.a. will b. can c. should 3

30. No public official __________ sleep on the job. a. might b. should c. may d. canSelf-checkWould you like to find out how you fared? Check your answers against those below.I. Recognizing Synonyms and Antonyms1. d 3. a 5. e 7. b 9. c2. j 4. h 6. f 8. i 10. gII. Making Inferences11. d 13. c 15. d 17. a 19. a12. a 14. d 16. b 18. c 20. bIII. Using Modals21. c 23. a 25. c 27. c 29. d22. d 24. b 26. b 28. d 30. b Perfect score is 30. Perfect? That’s great! Congratulations. Did you score between 21-29? Very good! Keep up the good work by studying this module very well. Did you score between 12-20? Good work but you can do better. Maximize your use of this module to improve your score. Did you score 11 or lower? That’s okay. Study this module very thoroughly and I bet you may even perfect the posttest. Happy studying!Now you are ready to begin this module. Please make full use of it.Words Unlocked The study of English is the study of words. Whether you are reading, writing or carrying on aconversation you are dealing with words. The more words you know the more likely you are to writewell and express yourself clearly. A. Recognizing Synonyms You have learned in past modules that a synonym is a word that has the same or nearly thesame meaning as another word. 4

The word wild and brave are used in the selection you are about to read. To widen yourvocabulary, study the word maze below. Cross out all letters J, Q, X and Z and find ten synonyms ofwild and eight synonyms of brave. Write those in your notebook. Z X U Q J X R J Q X Z V QWX I J Q J NX F I E RCEQA J A Z NQ J Z TQZ J CZX J XL ZY J TX X Q A J X Q K Q J Z J I XWQ R Z Z XMZ BOL DXQS A V AGE J Q J EXQZ E J Z XQN J RZ PX U N DOME S T I C A T E D J I Z N Z X Q J X S QM J X Z Q Z X DQ C J QZ XQ J XP ZQ J X J QX J OX Z J QZ X HE RO I CQR Z U NQ J X Z J Q Z T J QX Z J OQN T ZQ J XQCOURAGEOUS D R J X Z QD Z J OQ Z J XQG Z A OX ZQ J AXQU J XQ J Z H J U L QF EARL ESS J Z XQX Z N L Z J XQ I J Z XQXQ J Z XQT EXQZUNPRED I CTAB L E D J ZQXGZQ J X Z J QX Z J DB. Recognizing Antonyms You have just finished identifying the synonyms of wild and brave. What could theirantonyms be? Study the word pool that follows. It lists the antonyms of wild and brave. Write on eachspoke an antonym of the word in the wheel. Remember, an antonym is a word that means theopposite or nearly the opposite of another word.tame cowardly prudent timid fearful controlled weak refined 5

wild braveSelf-check Do you think you got them all? Check your answers against those below to find out. Theanswers could be in any order.A. Recognizing Synonyms: wild brave1. untamed 6. uncontrolled 1. bold 6. valiant2. wayward 7. impetuous 2. courageous 7. heroic3. undomesticated 8. reckless 3. fearless 8. daring4. fierce 9. savage 4. undaunted5. unpredictable 10. rough 5. intrepidB. Recognizing Antonyms: wild brave1. tamed 3. refined 1. fearful 3. weak2. prudent 4. controlled 2. timid 4. cowardly Perfect score is 26. Perfect? You are fantastic! You must have a good command of the language. Congratulations! If you scored between 19-25, very good! Keep up the good work. If you scored between 11-18, you did fine; however you could have done better. To improve read, read, and read. If you scored 10 or lower, you need to expand your vocabulary. Keep on reading. You coulduse a thesaurus or dictionary to learn more synonyms and antonyms of words. Happy studying! 6

Reading AdventurePre-Reading Do you make dares or take high risks? When or under what condition do you do this andwhy? Write your answers in your notebook. Look at the title of the story. Can you guess what the story is?While Reading Read the following story and pause to make predictions. The King’s Horse Anonymous Once upon a time a fine horse was as if you knew more than they. Do youpresented to the king of a great country, but think you could better manage thatthe animal, it appeared, could not be miserable beast?”controlled: no man could mount him. “I think I could,” replied the son. “Take him away,” said the king, “he istoo wild and useless to us.” “Then we shall see,” mused the king. “If you should not be able to ride him, what “What a horse you are losing,” said sum of money would you be willing tothe king’s son, as he beheld the grace and forfeit as a punishment for your rudeness?”beauty of the steed, “’Tis a pity to part withit!” “The price of the horse,” said the son. “My son,” returned the king “youfind fault with people older than yourselfNow, pause and answer the following.1. Will the king cash in on the bet?2. Do you think the prince would succeed in meeting the challenge?Read on to find the answer.7

The bystanders laughed. But the king its new master seated proudly upon its back,insisted that the boy should try his hand. they burst forth in lusty cheers – all exceptWalking slowly to where the animal stood his father. The king, weeping with joy at histhe prince grasped the reins and turned the son’s courage and achievement, said:creature’s head toward the sun; he hadnoticed that the stallion was startled by his “Go, my boy, and find anotherown shadow. Speaking softly, he stroked the kingdom. Macedonia is too small for you.”horse’s glossy skin. Suddenly he leapedupon its back. The youth, Alexander the Great, did as his father bade him. He marched, a Away! conqueror, through Persia, Egypt, and India. The king and the crowd stared in greatamazement as the youth flashed past them.But when the horse was seen returning withPost ReadingScanning for Details Scanning is an important reading skill in selective reading. It enables you to find the answerto specific questions very quickly. Scanning is a planned hunt-skip-read process for finding specific facts. The following tipswill help you scan a selection. a. Know exactly what you are looking for before you start scanning. Keep in mind the key words related to the information you want. b. Quickly glance down the page or column to find key words. Use these clues: section titles, subheadings, words in boldface or italic types, first and last sentences of paragraphs and illustrations. Now, scan the selection to find answers to the following questions. Write your answers inyour notebook. 1. What was the gift to the king? 2. Was the king pleased with it? Why? 3. What did he decide to do? 4. Who objected to his decision? 5. How did the king react to the objection? 6. Was the prince able to tame the horse? 8

7. What was the king’s reaction to the boy’s success? 8. Who was the prince? Who could the king be? 9. Where and when did the story happen?Reacting to the Story Write your answers to the following questions. 1. Why did Alexander not allow the horse to be taken away? If you were in his place, would you have done what he did? Explain your answer. 2. Why did the king say Macedonia was too small for Alexander? 3. Was the king’s statement proved true? How? 4. Explain the statement: “Even as a boy, Alexander showed he had the making of a great man.” 5. List down the qualities you believe Alexander the Great had. What qualities of Alexander do you believe you can develop in you?Self-check Now, see how you fared by checking your answers against those below.A. While Reading 1. Yes. He asked the son what he would give as penalty in case he failed and he insisted that the boy should try his dare. 2. Yes, the prince succeeded in taming the horse.B. Post ReadingScanning for Details 1. A beautiful horse. 2. No, he was not because the horse was so wild nobody could ride on its back. 3. The king decided to give away the horse saying it was useless. 4. His son objected saying the king would be losing a splendid horse. 5. He reprimanded his son and challenged him to ride the horse. 6. Yes. 7. The king wept and embraced his son. 8. The prince was Alexander the Great. The king was Philip of Macedon, his father. 9. Macedonia, during ancient times.Reacting to the Story 1. Because it was a splendid horse. (Suggested answer: Yes, I would. Because like Alexander I believe I could tame the horse. It does not mean that simply because most people can’t mount it, nobody else could.) 9

2. Because the king saw the makings of a great man in his son. He knew his son would become a conqueror. 3. Yes, Alexander the Great conquered the known world at that time. He was only 33 years old. 4. As a boy, Alexander succeeded in taming a wild horse that none of his father’s men could. Only a person with guts and courage can do this. 5. Alexander the Great was brave, daring, self-confident, intelligent, and a risk taker. At a later age he was gallant, generous and kind to his men. You should get at least 11 to claim you understood the story. Did you? Wonderful!Congratulations! If you scored 10 or lower read the selection again and try your best to improve in thesucceeding activities. Good luck!Write Thing In your reflective journal, write a paragraph about one or two qualities of Alexander the Great that you want to possess. Give your reasons.Skills EnhancerI. More on Synonyms and AntonymsExercise 1. Recognizing SynonymsA. Write the letter of the word or group of words closest in meaning to the words in bold print.1. premonition: b. forewarning c. greeting d. payment a. ghost b. challenge c. loss d. order b. poison c. opponent d. predecessor2. decree: b. withdraw c. come between d. contact a. quantity b. conquer c. discourage d. announce b. untidy c. false d. unimportant3. antidote: a. cure4. intervene: a. require5. relinquish: a. release6. immaterial: a. substantial 10

7. eradicate: b. uproot c. accompany d. employ a. intervene b. verdict c. final demand d. perfection b. curious c. shapeless d. untrustworthy8. ultimatum: b. automatic c. delightful d. impossible a. summit9. amorphous: a. dying10. mandatory: a. requiredB. Solving a Word Puzzle Below is a crossword puzzle. Look at the Across column. In the Synonym column next to itfind the synonyms for each numbered word. Place a thin paper over the crossword puzzle. Align thecorner of your paper with the corner of the puzzle. Complete the puzzle with a synonym for eachnumbered word. Do the same for the Down column. The number in front of the word tells you inwhich box to begin. The first words in the Across and Down columns are given. 1A 2L T E 3R 4 5 20 I 67 8K 9 10 11 E 12 13L 14 Y 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 Across Synonyms Down Synonym1. change rapt 2. probable fix4. obstacle rub 3. decay frank6. lummox was 5. withdraw secure8. withheld knee 7. candid ebb9. engrossed alter 10. like likely11. exist listen 12. ourselves retire12. existed box 14. safe as13. heed kept 16. cripple rot15. joint model 19. decline we17. deed bar 20. repair maim 11

Across Synonyms18. hatchet act19. fairy oaf21. chafe be22. example elf23. carton axSelf-checkNow let us see how you fared. Check your answers against the following.A. 1. b 3. a 5. a 7. b 9. c 2. d 4. c 6. d 8. c 10. aB. Solving a Word Puzzle Across Down4. bar 15. knee 3. rot 14. secure6. oaf 17. act 5. retire 16. maim8. kept 18. ax 7. frank 19. ebb9. rapt 19. elf 10. as 20. fix11. be 21. rub 12. we12. was 22. model13. listen 23. box Perfect score is 33. Perfect? You’re terrific! Congratulations! Did you get between 23-32? Very good! Keep it up. Did you score between 13-22? You did well, but there is still much room for improvement. Continue reading to improve your knowledge of synonyms. Did you score 12 or lower? It’s okay. Please try your best to improve in the succeeding exercises. Read, read and read so you’d do better.Exercise 2. Recognizing AntonymsA. Write the letter of the word most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in boldface type.1. pauper: b. doctor c. athlete d. millionaire a. artist b. strict c. upright d. complex b. required c. simple d. complex2. lenient: b. pleasing c. bold d. negative a. forgotten3. intricate: a. flowing4. affirmative: a. uncertain 12

5. frivolous: b. hostile c. noisy d. harmless a. serious b. impolite c. yielding d. forgiving b. correct c. straight d. pronounceable6. obstinate: b. forgotten c. inverted d. indifferent a. sturdy b. careless c. violent d. kindly b. love c. disrespect d. glory7. illegible: a. readable8. fervent: a. noisy9. meticulous: a. unusual10. reverence: a. simplicityB. Read the words under A. Look at the scrambled letters under B. Unscramble the letters to find theantonym of each word under A and write it in your notebook. The first one is done for you. A B A B11. young MILS 17. stupid MECO12. smooth CHIR 18. tall SNIIED13. fat LOD 19. outside TRAMS14. poor NEWTIR 20. buy THORS15. dry HORUG 21. go LELS16. summer TWEAnswer: 11. young-oldSelf-check Now, check your answers against those below to see how you fared. Remember a perfectscore is 20.A. 1. d 3. c 5. a 7. a 9. b 6. c 8. d 10. c 2. b 4. d 16. winter 18. short 20. sell 17. smart 19. inside 21. comeB. 12. rough 14. rich 13. slim 15. wet Perfect? Fantastic! Congratulations! If you scored 16-19 very good! But don’t rest on your laurels, try harder to reach the top. If you scored 12-15 you did fine; however, you could have done better. Keep on reading to expand your vocabulary. But if you scored 11 or lower, much is left to be desired. You have to do something extra soyou can cope up. Read, read, and read to improve and enrich your vocabulary, and try harder in thenext exercise. 13

II. Making Inferences Very often you hear the sentence “Read between the lines.” This is making inferences whichyou have done in prior modules. Literary writers stimulate your mind by leaving much to yourimagination to make reading more exciting and pleasurable. In making inferences you may have to determine a) who is speaking or referred to; b) placesor situations described: c) time, season or age talked about. d) objects described or incidents takingplace, e) type of person, feeling, reaction or character traits.Here is an exercise to hone your skills in making inferences..Read each passage and write the letter of the correct answer to each question.A. 1. The sun had long set in the west before we reached the settlement. What time is referred to?a. Sunrise b. Noon c. Sunset d. Night2. “Was this release of the basic energy of matter an event we should rejoice or should wetremble with apprehension that man had at last let out of the bottle an evil genie to be tamed?”What age is referred to?a. Industrial Age b. Atomic Age c. Space Age d. Computer Age3. For he loved this world of his, bounded by strong gray walls ending in a deep, silent moat thatheld grim secrets of unfortunate men who tried to escape. The chilly breath of its dimcorridors was his life, the monotonous metallic clang of the sentries’ iron shod feet on thepavement was music to his ears. What place is described?a. Fortress b. Hideout c. Prison d. Barracks4. A slow soft rumble beyond the roots of the woods of the forest answered her… Slowly, likethe coming of a great storm, stones from the peak began to roll down, and the summit movedlike a living creature, like a mighty tentacle racing downward… What is going on?a. A landslide b. A volcanic eruption c. A typhoon d. An earthquake5. “With renewed hope, I energetically approached the bar, wiggled into the air, and succeeded inmy most thrilling jump.” Who is the speaker?a. A skydiver b. A gymnast c. A high jumper d. A trapeze playerB. Everywhere you looked, the tall, golden-brown stalks swaying with the wind, filled your eyes. Suddenly, a man with a long stick came by. The stooping, gray-haired man used his stick to probe the ground. Nearby was a green eyed “baby” coiled on the ground. The man continued tapping on the ground with his stick.6. What place is described? b. Forest c. Rice field d. Park a. Zoo7. Which word best describes the man?a. Old b. Poor c. Shabby d. Cruel 14

8. What is the disability of the man? a. Deaf b. Blind c. Lame d. Retarded9. What does the man use to find his way? a. Crutch b. Stick c. Binoculars d. Eyeglasses10. What is the green-eyed “baby”? a. Dog b. Bird c. Rabbit d. Snake11. Which of the following is correct? a. The old man ignored the green-eyed “baby.” b. The old man was unaware of the green-eyed “baby.” c. The old man struck the green-eyed “baby.” d. The old man stepped on the green-eyed “baby.’C. I believe there may be some things that some people may know for certain, but I also believe that knowable things are not what matters most to any human being. An engineer and a mathematician who know numbers and physical forces are human beings first. So, for them, what matters most is not one’s knowledge and skill, but one’s relations with other people. And their relations with each other, which is really the important things in life, are also the difficult things.12. What is the paragraph about? c. Human nature a. Human need d. Human relations b. Human error13. Which sentence is NOT true? a. To know is not the most important pursuit in life. b. What is important is easy to acquire. c. Dealing with others is not easy. d. Good interpersonal relationship is important.Self-checkSurely you are eager to know your score. Check your answer against those below.A. 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. cB. 6. c 7. a 8. d 9. d 10. d 11. bC. 12. d 13. b You got them all right? That’s great! You can really “read between the lines.” Congratulations! You should get 7 or higher to claim you are skilled at making inferences. If you got 6 or lower please try your very best to improve your ability to “read between the lines.” Keep on reading. 15

In the next portion, you will learn about auxiliary verbs that express special meanings. 1. I can’t…..Language Focus Study the following pictures.2. I might….. 3. I won’t…..4. I must….. 5. I can….. 16

Now, answer the following questions.1. How does the boy feel in the first two pictures?2. Why is he feeling this way?3. What is the boy doing in the third picture? How do you know?4. What makes him change his mind?5. What does the boy discover later?6. Were there instances in your life when you were like this boy? Write about it in your reflective journal.Read the following sentences and study the italicized expressions.1. The boy can’t bike.2. He is afraid that he might fall and hurt himself.3. The boy feels that he must be able to bike.4. He discovers that he can bike. The italicized words are called modals. Modals are auxiliary verbs used to express specialmeanings. By themselves, they do not give complete meanings but when used with another verb,they change the meaning of these verbs one way or the other.The following are commonly used modals and their uses.For Making requests For Giving AdviceWill shouldWouldCan you help me You must visit yourCould clean the house? ought to dentist. had betterFor Asking Permission For Expressing ability/possibilityMay we borrow your Children can adaptMight DVD player? could themselves.Can mayCould mightFor Expressing probability/certainty For Expressing obligations/necessityMayet: Someone’s on the phone. should mustRoy: could ought to have to might You had to tell the truth. That may be Lucy. should must 17

Now, do the following exercises.Activity 1. Recognizing Modals Divide your paper into three columns. In column 1, copy the complete verb phrase, in column2, write the modal auxiliary used and in column 3, write whether it expresses ability, permission,obligation, necessity or possibility. 1. Fireworks of any kind must be handled with care. 2. A serious burn on any part of the body may leave an ugly scar. 3. To give the light desired, each ball should contain the proper element. 4. A chemist can explain the secret of its many-colored fire. 5. You could recognize calcium by its red flame. 6. Sodium must be burned to make a deep yellow. 7. The presence of copper ought to create green and blue. 8. Iron fillings should be heated to create the bright white sparks of fireworks. 9. Without their beautiful colors, fireworks would not be interesting. 10. Fireworks could enliven fiestas and other celebrations.Self-checkWould you like to know how you fared? Check your answers against those below.Verb Phrase Modal Auxiliary Use1. must be handled must necessity/advice2. may leave may possibility3. should contain should necessity4. can explain can ability5. could recognize could possibility6. must be burned must necessity7. ought to create ought to necessity8. should be heated should necessity9. would not be would possibility10. could enliven could certainty Perfect score is 30. All correct? Excellent! If your score is between 21-29, very good! Keep it up. If your score is between 12-20, good; but you could have done better. But if your score is 11 or lower, please try your best to do better in the succeeding activities. 18

Activity 2. Write the letter of the sentence that is closest in meaning to the given sentence. 1. I would like to ask permission to use the computer. a. Should I use the computer? b. Can I use the computer? c. Will I use the computer? 2. It is important that you visit your doctor today. a. You ought to see your doctor today. b. You may see your doctor today. c. You could see your doctor today. 3. Perhaps Annie will come later. a. Annie can come later. b. Annie should come later. c. Annie may come later. 4. It was possible that somebody took your backpack by mistake. a. Somebody may have taken your backpack by mistake. b. Somebody could take your backpack by mistake. c. Somebody might take your backpack by mistake. 5. I promise to do my best in the contest. a. I must do my best in the contest. b. I could do my best in the contest. c. I will do my best in the contest. 6. It is possible that scientists will clone human beings. a. Scientists had better clone human beings. b. Scientists might clone human beings. c. Scientists should clone human beings. 7. It is our duty to pay our correct taxes. a. We should pay our correct taxes. b. We may pay our correct taxes. c. We will pay our correct taxes. 8. I would like to use your cell phone. a. Shall I use your cell phone? b. May I use your cell phone? c. Would I use your cell phone? 9. The magician has the ability to hypnotize people. a. The magician can hypnotize people. b. The magician might hypnotize people. c. The magician will hypnotize people. 10. This is an order for you to leave immediately. a. You could leave immediately. b. You may leave immediately. c. You must leave immediately. 19

Self-check Now check your answers against those below. 1. b 3. c 5. c 7. a 9. a 2. a 4. a 6. b 8. b 10. c Perfect? That’s great! You should score 6 or higher to show you know your modals. If you scored 5 or lower, please study the uses of modals well before proceeding further.Activity 3. Expressing Ability, Possibility and ObligationA. Rewrite the following sentences by using the modal in parentheses. The first three numbers areexamples. 1. She’s a singer, but her friend isn’t. (can) She can sing but her friend can’t. 2. Carlos is a swimmer but his brother isn’t. (should) Carlos should join the swimming contest but his brother shouldn’t. 3. They’re doctors, but Pete and Jun aren’t. (could) They could give medical service but Pete and Jun couldn’t. 4. Luisa is a teacher but Susan isn’t. (may) 5. He is an engineer, but his friend isn’t. (could) 6. Melissa’s a hairdresser, but Tess isn’t. (might) 7. I’m a student but Betsy isn’t. (can) 8. Mang Isko is a policeman, but Mike isn’t. (should) 9. June is a nurse but her sister isn’t. (will) 10. Robert is a pilot, but John isn’t. (can) 11. Lyn is a fashion designer, but I’m not. (could) 12. Carlo is a movie director, but Jojo isn’t. (may) 13. Ryan is a computer engineer, but his friend isn’t. (can)B. Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write your answers in your notebook. 1. You are the eldest in a family of five. What must you do? 2. Aling Minda is a dressmaker. What can she do? 3. A super typhoon is coming. What might happen? 4. Your godfather is a policeman. What should he do? 5. Mang Cisco is a forest ranger. What may he do? 6. A Balikbayan uncle gave you five hundred pesos. What might you do with it? 7. Sister Claire is an environmentalist. What could she do? 8. Sonny is an overseas contract worker. What does he hope to do? 9. Eva is a teacher. What must she do? 10. You want to get high scores in this module. What do you have to do? 20

Self-check Now see if your answers are similar to the possible answers below.A. 4. Luisa may apply as teacher, but Susan may not. 5. He could supervise construction work but his friend couldn’t. 6. Melissa might open a beauty salon but Tess might not. 7. I can attend formal classes but Betsy can’t. 8. Mang Isko should arrest law violators but Mike shouldn’t. 9. June will attend relevant seminars but her sister won’t. 10. Robert can fly an airplane but John can’t. 11. Lyn could design clothes but I couldn’t. 12. Carlo may compete in Famas but Jojo may not. 13. Ryan can design computer software but his friend can’t.B. The following are suggested answers. Your answers may differ but they should be logical and the correct use of the modal should be observed. 1. I must help my mother with the household chores. I must take care of younger brothers and sisters. 2. Aling Minda can earn money by sewing dresses. Aling Minda can sew RTW garments and sell them. 3. Our community might be flooded. Many houses might be destroyed. 4. He should maintain peace and order in the community. He should protect the citizens from lawless elements. 5. Mang Cisco may arrest illegal loggers. He may confiscate illegally cut timber for the government. 6. I might buy a gift for my mother. I might go to a fastfood chain and give myself a treat. 7. Sister Claire could teach the fishermen to preserve our marine resources. She could launch a massive campaign for the reforestation of denuded areas. 8. Sonny hopes to send money to his family back home. He hopes to earn more to provide for his family’s needs. 9. Eva must teach her students well. She must mold the youth to become assets of society. 10. I have to study the subject matter coverage very well. I have to do my best in answering the activities and exercises. Perfect score is 20. Perfect? You’re simply great! Congratulations. Did you score between 15 and 19? Good work! Keep it up. Did you score between 10 and 14? You did fine, but you could have done better. But if you scored 9 or lower, you have to try harder yet. Good luck. 21

Activity 4. Asking and Giving Permission; Making Requests Using the modals can, could, or may, ask and give permission to do the following things.Answer the odd numbers in the affirmative and the even numbers in the negative. Use can’t, couldn’tor may not to refuse.Example: A. May I submit my report later, Ma’am? B. Yes, you may or No, you may not.1. to borrow the calculator.2. to borrow a car.3. to use the computer.4. to see a movie5. to join the basketball team6. to go walking or swimming with friendsSelf-check Let’s see how well you can use the modals now. Check your answers against those below. 1. Can I borrow the calculator? Yes, you can. 2. Could I borrow your car? I’m sorry, you couldn’t. 3. May I use the computer, Dad? Yes, you may. 4. Can I see a movie? No, you can’t. 5. Could I join the basketball team, Coach? Yes, you could. 6. Can I go swimming with my friends, Dad? No, you can’t. You should get at least 4 or higher. If not please study your modals again.Everyday Expressions You may not be aware but you use idioms in conversation and in writing, Writers frequentlyuse them because they are usually short but forceful. You have learned that an idiom is an expression that has developed naturally in a language.An idiomatic expression, generally, cannot be changed nor can the arrangement of the words bealtered. Therefore, you must carefully note the exact words that make up the expression andremember the exact arrangement of the words. Remember, fluency in English includes a mastery ofits idioms. 22

The following are idioms with the verb get.get along - to agree; to live pleasantly togetherget away - to escape or to leaveget back - to returnget by - to succeed with minimum effortget in - to enter, to return homeget into - to fall into troubleget over - to overcome, to surmountget off - to leave a vehicleget through - finish something or accomplish a taskExercise 1. Substitute an idiom for the italicized word or group of words.1. Once in a while we should leave our routine work and do something different.2. Freddie is a person who easily falls into trouble.3. Gavino manages to succeed without working very hard.4. Young people usually overcome heartbreaks after sometime.5. Although those girls are from different regions, they seem to live together pleasantly.6. When did you return from Europe?7. Aling Petra hurt herself when she attempted to leave the bus while it was still running.8. I hope to finish my report before its due date.9. Malou and I take the same bus, but I leave the bus ahead of her.10. Andrei just returned home when you called.Self-check Let’s see how well you learned your idioms with get. Check your answers against thosebelow.1. get away 4. get over 7. get off 10. got in2. gets into 5. get along 8. get through3. get by 6. get back 9. get off Perfect? Terrific! Congratulations. If your score is between 6 and 9, very good! Keep up the good work. But if your score is 5 or lower you have to study the idioms again.Exercise 2. Do you think you can use the idioms with get in your own sentences? I believe you can.Give it a try. Write your sentences in your notebook. 23

You are almost through with this module. Evaluate how much you have learned from it bytaking the Posttest.PosttestI. Vocabulary: Recognizing Synonyms and Antonyms Match the word in the first column with its synonym in the second column and its antonym inthe last column. On your answer sheet, write the letter of the synonym in the first number and itsantonym in the second.Word Synonym Antonym1 – 2 grief A. firm F. cheap3 – 4 bashful B. expensive G. soft5 – 6 hard C. shy H. happiness7 – 8 costly D. grown-up I. bold9 – 10 adult E. sorrow J. childII. Making InferencesRead the following passage then write the letters of your answers to the questions that follow.A. While waiting for the gasoline, Mr. Villa asked the attendant which was the shortest route to San Mateo, Rizal.11. Where was Mr. Villa?a. In San Mateo c. On the highway d. Inside his houseb. At a gas station12. How was Mr. Villa traveling?a. By plane b. By train c. By car d. On footB. The band paraded along the crowded streets and the sky rockets filled the evening with golden showers. The air was filled with excitement and the church bells proclaimed to the rest of the world that the dreamy little town is alive with laughter and music and friendly chatter.13. What occasion is described?a. Wedding b. Town fiesta c. Birthday d. Election day c. Touch d. Sight14. To what sense does sentence 2 best appeal?a. Hearing b. Taste 24

15. What made the streets crowded?a. Cars b. Rockets c. People d. Bands c. Fear d. Peace16. What mood is described?a. Gaiety b. GriefC. The man is a phenomenon, it is true, but he is also a social illiterate, a political simpleton, a cultural ignoramus and an emotional baby. There are no vibrations of humanity from him; when you look at him, his eyes are blank and unstaring, since he only has eyes for the black and white checkered table.17. What does the black and white checkered table stand for?a. Boxing b. Chess c. Tennis d. Basketball d. Pawns18. What things would be dearest to his heart? d. Indifference d. Culturea. Gloves b. Dice c. Bat19. What does the writer feel for the man?a. Scorn b. Love c. Pride20. According to the passage, which is NOT possessed by the man?a. Intelligence b. Popularity c. WarmthIII. Using ModalsWrite the letter of the modal that best completes each sentence.21. I __________ not do it if I were you.a. must b. can c. might d. would d. could22. Father told me that I __________ be home before six o’clock. d. can d. Woulda. will b. should c. may d. may d. will23. The truant students know that they __________ not graduate. d. would d. Shalla. might b. would c. will d. shall d. ought to24. __________ he have seen me arrive?a. Could b. Can c. Will25. She __________ arrive any moment now.a. can b. shall c. would26. Bobby __________ speak four languages.a. may b shall c. can27. He __________ make a good leader.a. could b. should c. might28. __________ Lady Luck smile on you.a. Must b. May c. Can29. I told Andrei that it __________ rain tonight.a. might b. can c. must30. You __________ get sick if you expose yourself to the rain.a. will b. could c. should 25

Self-check To evaluate how much you have learned from this module, check your answers against thosebelow.I. Vocabulary1. E 3. C 5. A 7. B 9. D2. H 4. I 6. G 8. F 10. JII. Making Inferences11. b 13. b 15. c 17. b 19. a12. c 14. d 16. a 18. d 20. cIII. Using Modals21. d 23. c 25. d 27. d 29. a22. b 24. a 26. c 28. b 30. b Perfect? Excellent! You have really made full use of the module. Cheers! If you score between 21 and 29, Well done! Keep up the good work. If you score between 12 and 20, You did fine, but you could have done better, if you tried harder. Optimize the use of the succeeding modules to profit from them. But if your score is 11 or lower so much leaves to be desired. Please take time for serious study to benefit from the modules you will be studying in the future. Remember the saying “No guts, no glory!” Good luck! You have just finished your last module for the third quarter. It is hoped that it has helpedyou become a reflective learner. 26

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling aboutthe activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because)What I liked best 27

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UNIT IV Learning To Do Module 1 Viewing Problems and Issues From Different Vantage PointsOverview You and I are different. Each one of us has his or her own ideas and beliefs. Because of this,we sometimes tend to disagree. Moreover, we are constantly bombarded with contradictinginformation – from newspapers, magazines, textbooks, the radio, television, the Internet,advertisements, political slogans and speeches. That is why it is important for us to develop ourcritical thinking skills. The term critical thinking does not mean “critical” in the sense of tearingdown or finding fault. Rather it means evaluating carefully, making sound judgments and applyingour reasoning powers. This requires keeping an open mind, not accepting unquestioningly what wehear or read – but also not rejecting ideas simply because they are different from own beliefs. Theability to think for ourselves and to make up our own minds about the day’s important issues, theability to listen and read critically becomes even more necessary in this day and age. 1

ObjectivesAfter doing the activities in this module, you will be able to 1. get meanings of words using context clues 2. recognize synonyms and antonyms of words 3. express reactions to events in a story 4. give advice and suggestions using gerunds 5. add a gerund phrase in the subject, direct object, complement or prepositional phrase position 6. give logical arguments 7. evaluate evidences 8. write a letter to the editorInstructionsTo optimize the use of this module please do the following.1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal.2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first.3. Each module begins with an Overview or brief introduction followed by a list of Objectives that you are expected to learn.4. Before working on the activities answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking you answers against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest.5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop?6. After each activity, go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes.7. After working on all activities, take the Pretest.Shall we begin? Let’s start with the Pretest. 2

Pretest toA. Vocabulary. Everyday Expressions Fill in the blank with the correct preposition. after into off through 1. See ________ it that all the lights and electric fans have been turned off before you leave the room. 2. Have you heard this line from a popular song. “And my love will see you _____________.” 3. Only my cousin was able to see my aunt and uncle _________ at the airport. 4. When my mother is on provincial assignment, my eldest sister has to see _______________ our needs. 5. The barangay captain promised to see ________ the matter as soon as possible.B. Comprehension Read the following selection and the statements following it. Then decide whether eachstatement is a fact or an opinion of the author. Put an F if it is a fact, and an O if it is an opinion. Have you ever wondered why dogs are the best form of burglar protection? They don’t drink on the job. They are always alert, and their response time is faster than the police. Even if the dog is asleep on the job, he will awaken when he hears someone approaching. Guard dogs go through a long period of training, the first six weeks being obedience training. Then they are put into one of three kinds of training: personal protection, attack or guard. Personal protection dogs can stay in the home when guests are there, while guard dogs should be put on a leash when company is around. Very few attack dogs are trained, and they are used by police in attacking criminals. Most guard dogs are German Shepherds and Doberman Pinschers, but the best are German Shepherds.3

______________ 6. Dogs are the best burglar protection.______________ 7. Guard dogs go on a long period of training.______________ 8. They are always alert.______________ 9. There are three kinds of training.______________10. The best dogs are German Shepherds.C. SynonymsLook for synonyms of the words below from the selection._____________11. work_____________12. reactionD. AntonymsLook for antonyms of the words below from the selection_____________13. worst_____________14. awake_____________15. retreatingE. LanguageFill in each blank with the gerund form of the verb.16. For many years after _____________ (return) to America, Jean Fritz could not forget China.17. She and her parents continued _________ (use) many Chinese expression in their conversation.18. As soon as she fell asleep, she would find herself __________ (dream) of the Yangtze River.19-20. In high school, Fritz wrote a poem about China, ____________19. (begin) and___________20. (end) with the line, “It will not be the same when I go back.”Self-checkA. Vocabulary 2. through 3. off 4. after 5. to 1. to 8. O 9. F 10. O 12. responseB. Comprehension6. O 7. FC. Synonyms 11. job 4

D. Antonyms 14. asleep 15. approaching 13. best 20. ending 18. dreamingE. Language 19. beginning 16. returning 17. usingWords UnlockedActivity 1. Using Context Clues Below are the meanings of some words used in the selection you are about to read. Thenumber of the paragraph in which they appear is indicated in parentheses. On the space before eachnumber, write the word being defined. 1. a forest (1) 2. an open space in the forest (1) 3. the end of a tree left in the ground after the upper part has been cut off (1) 4. a young bird (1) 5. sharpened by rubbing or grinding (2) 6. saddened or left lonely by death (3) 7. 7. causing dread or fear (4)Activity 2. Recognizing Synonyms Below are synonyms of key words used in the selection. On the space before each numberwrite the word in the selection which has the same or nearly the same meaning. The number of theparagraph in which they appear is indicated in parentheses._____________ 1. uproar, disturbance (1)_____________ 2. large, huge (1)_____________ 3. shiny, glossy (2)_____________ 4. flapped (3)_____________ 5. silence (5) 5

Activity 3. Recognizing Antonyms Look for words in the selection which are the opposite of the words in the list. The paragraphin which the words are found is indicated in parentheses._______________1. observable (3)_______________2. death (4)_______________3. peace (5)_______________4. good (5)_______________5. bitter (5)_______________6. ugly (5)_______________7. lie (5)_______________8. rememberedSelf-check 4. nestling 7. formidable 5. whetted 5. hushActivity 1. Using Context Clues 6. bereaved 1. woods 3. sleek 2. glade 4. fluttered 3. stumpActivity 2. Recognizing synonyms 1. commotion 2. enormousActivity 3. Recognizing antonyms 4. evil 7. truth 5. sweet 8. forgotten 1. intangible 6. beautiful 2. life 3. violenceReading AdventurePre-reading How can a victim of injustice still believe in the goodness of humanity? People all over theworld have wrestled with this question. The tale that follows shows how the birds who resemblehumans were able to rise above their pain and sorrow. 6

While Reading The Judgment of the Birds 1Walking in the woods one day, I sat 2The sound that woke me was thedown to rest on the edge of a little glade, with outraged cries of the nestling’s parents, whomy back against a stump, and fell asleep. flew helplessly in circles about the clearing.When I awoke, dimly aware of some The sleek black monster was indifferent tocommotion, the light was slanting down them. He gulped, whetted his beak on thethrough the pines in such a way that the glade branch a moment and sat still.was lit like some vast cathedral. I could see ona dead branch an enormous raven with asquirming nestling in its beak.Pause and reflect.1. Why do you think did the raven succeed in carrying off the nestling?2. What will the nestling’s parents do? 3Suddenly, out of all that area of common misery, the bereaved and thewoodland, a soft sound of complaint began to unbereaved. The glade filled with their softrise. Into the glade fluttered small birds of half rustling and their cries. They fluttered asa dozen varieties drawn by the anguished cries though to point their wings at the murderer.of the tiny parents. No one dared to attack the There was a dim intangible ethic he hadraven. But they cried there in some instinctive violated, that they knew. 7

Pause and reflect.3. How would the other birds in the woodlands react to the raven’s shameless act? He was a bird of death. 4And, he, the murderer, the black bird at the heart of life, sat on there, glistening in thecommon light, formidable, unperturbed, untouchable. Pause and reflect. 4. How did the small birds feel towards the raven? 5. Will the birds gather enough courage to avenge the nestling’s death. 5The sighing died. It was then I saw passing from one bird to another, doubtedly atthe judgment. It was the judgment of life first, as though some evil thing was beingagainst death. I will never see it again so slowly forgotten. Suddenly they took heartforcefully presented. I will never hear it again and sang from many throats joyously togetherin notes so tragically prolonged. For in the as birds are known to sing. They sang becausemidst of protest, they forgot the violence. life is sweet and sunlight beautiful. They sangThere, in that clearing, the crystal note of a under the brooding shadow of the raven. Insong sparrow lifted hesitantly in the hush. simple truth, they had forgotten the raven, forAnd finally, after painful fluttering, another they were the singers of life, not of death.took the song, and then another, the songPause and reflect.6. How did the sparrow help the other birds to overcome their anguish?8

Post Reading Using ideas and details from the Judgment of the Birds, complete the following outline ofstory elements.Setting: 1. Time 2. PlaceCharacters:Problem:Events: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Ending:Comprehension Check1. What injustice was committed? Who committed it?2. How did the accused behave?3. Are there people like the raven in our present day society?4. How did the nestling’s parents react?5. How did the other birds in the woodlands react?6. What general statement can you give about the best way of dealing with injustice?Self-checkPre-reading Not everyone is unjust. There are still good human beings around. Life is beautiful.While Reading1. Perhaps the nestling’s parents were not around. Perhaps it strayed and was separated from its parents.2. They will try to get back their birdie. (Answers will vary.) They will cry for help. 9

3. They would protest against the raven.4. They felt helpless.5. Yes.6. By singing, the sparrow was able to bring back a note of hope to the other birds in the woodlands and slowly overcome their pain and sorrow.Post ReadingSetting : 1. Time - In the middle of the day. 2. Place - In a glade in the middle of the forest.Characters: Nestling, raven, sparrow, nestling’s parents, other birds in the woodlands.Problem: How the nestling could be snatched back from the raven.Events: 1. The narrator was awakened by a commotion. 2. Cries of the parent birds filled the woods. 3. The other birds joined the parent birds cry of sorrow and protest. 4. A sparrow began singing . 5. Others joined the sparrow and joyously sang together to forget their sorrow.Ending: The birds’ song filled the air once more.Comprehension Check1. A nestling was killed by a raven.2. The raven was indifferent to the cries of the other birds and sat on a dead branch formidable, unperturbed, untouchable.3. Yes. Murderers4. The parent birds cried in protest and sorrow.5. They joined the parent birds in protest.6. Despite the injustices one might experience in the hands of others, one should not lose hope or despair. We must continue to believe in the goodness of humanity.Language in Focus Study the following sentences.1. The glade was filled by the soft rustling and crying of the birds.2. The sighing died. How are the underlined words used in the sentences? If you said gerunds, you’re right! Gerunds take the place of nouns in sentences. 10

Key Points 1. Gerunds are the –ing form of the verb. 2. Gerunds are used: - as the subject of the sentence. Listening to nature is a wonderful experience. - as the complement of a verb. I enjoy walking in the woods. - as the object of preposition. He relaxes by fishing in the river.Activity 1. Recognizing gerunds.Identify the gerunds in this conversation.Ricky : So how was your vacation in the North?Liza : Oh, it was all right.Ricky : Just all right?Liza : My sister and I had different ideas about spending our vacation.Ricky : Really?Liza : Yes! She likes running around, seeing everything, and visiting all the cultural and historic landmarks. I hate walking around from sunrise till sunset. I just want toRicky :Liza : relax. I like to go swimming on a beach or strolling.Ricky : Well, how did you talk things out?Liza : It was a win-win solution.Ricky : Really? What did you agree on? I met new friends who enjoyed the sea while she asked a cousin to show her around. A win-win solution indeed.Activity 2. Using gerunds Complete the sentence with the gerund form of the verb in parentheses.1. Many people enjoy ____________ (participate) in outdoor activities. They look for ways of ______(get) away from work and household chores. 11

2. The outdoor recreation industry is growing rapidly. If people plan to go (dive) __________, (snorkel) ______________, (sail) ________________, or (bike) ________________, they need to have equipment and look for appropriate facilities.3. Once they begin a sport, most people can’t help ______________ (buy) all of the equipment which sports goods shop say is required in _________ (do) the activity well. However, they should consider ____________ (rent) first.4. Many people enjoy ____________ (participate) in sports but they are prevented from _________( try ) them because they lack time, money or proper equipment.5. They can also put off _______________ (do) the sport if they don’t have a partner, if the facilities are too far away, or if the weather is bad.Activity 3. Giving Advice Combine each pair of sentences using without and the gerund form of the verb. The first one is done for you.1. Don’t speak. Think first. Don’t speak without thinking.2. Don’t decide. Weigh all options.3. Never take sides. Consider all sides of a question.4. Don’t submit a report. Go over it.5. Don’t take the test. Review your lesson.6. Do your work. Do not bother anyone.7. Do the assigned task. Do not complain.8. Try answering the questions. Do not look back at the text.9. Continue with the project. Do not seek help from politicians.10. Help one another. Don’t expect anything in return.Activity 4. Giving suggestions.List five ways of doing the following things. Use gerund phrases.1. We can conserve electricity 2. We can help our community by ____________________ by ____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________3. We can make other people happy by ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 12

4. We can help to lessen pollution by ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________5. We can keep ourselves healthy by ________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________Other Key Points Below is a list of some verbs that can be followed by –ing or thegerund form.alternate deny miss reportappreciate dislike postpone resentavoid enjoy practice resumeconsider escape quit stop **delay finish regret* * In a formal letter, regret is followed by the infinitive form of the verb (to + the base form of the verb) I regret to inform you that I cannot attend the induction party. ** Stop can be followed either by a gerund or an infinitive but the meaning changes. I stopped listening to the news means “I no longer listen.” I stopped to listen to the news means “ I spent some time listening”.Activity 5 Fill in the blank with an –ing gerund form of the verb.1. I keep ____________ myself people see things differently.2. The teams alternated _____________ their side of the issue.3. They stopped __________ about the price. 13

4. The boys finished ___________ their room in an hour.5. They regretted ___________ trouble in their community.6. They quit __________ pranks on their neighbors.7. The cast practiced ___________ their lines on stage.8. They enjoyed ___________ on the set.9. The group considered _______________ the proceeds of the show to charity.10. Please avoid ____________ your trash on the street.Activity 6. Complete the following by adding gerund phrases. The first one is a possible answer.1. I miss ________________________________________. I miss playing chess with Grandfather.2. He quit _______________________________________.3. I heard that you resent ___________________________.4. Please stop ____________________________________.5. Did the company delay __________________________?6. Let’s avoid ____________________________________.7. She vehemently denies ___________________________.8. Will you consider _______________________________?9. We will resume _________________________________.10. I surely regret __________________________________.Self-checkActivity 1. spending running , seeing,Liza : visiting , walking, swimming ,Liza : strollingActivity 2.1. participating, getting2. diving, snorkeling, sailing, biking3. buying, doing, renting.4. participating, trying5. doing 14

Activity 3.2. Don’t decide without weighing all options.3. Never take sides without considering all sides of a question.4. Don’t submit a report without going over it.5. Don’t take the test without reviewing you lesson.6. Do your work without bothering anyone.7. Do the assigned task without complaining.8. Try answering the questions without looking back at the test.9. Continue with the project without seeking help from politicians.10. Help one another without expecting anything in return.Activity 4. (Possible Answers)1. Switching off the lights when nobody is using them.  Turning off the electric fans when there’s nobody using them.  Ironing clothes in batches.  Using the timer of the air conditioning unit.  Turning off the television before leaving the room. 2. Planting trees and shrubs.  Keeping our yards clean.  Obeying the law.  Taking an active part in community activities.  Disposing garbage properly. 3. Visiting the elderly.  Sending flowers to loved ones.  Smiling at people we meet.  Thanking them.  Listening to others. 4. Walking instead of using our motorcycles or jeeps.  Recycling, reusing, reducing garbage.  Not using products in aerosol cans.  Not throwing garbage into the river and other bodies of water.  Not burning plastic, bags and containers. 5. Not smoking.  Eating healthy food.  Leading an active life.  Getting enough rest.  Following cancer screening guidelines  15

Activity 5. Possible Answers1. telling 5. creating 9. donating2. giving 6. playing 10. throwing3. arguing 7. delivering4. cleaning 8. practicingActivity 6. Possible Answers2. He quit playing badminton because of a sprained ankle.3. I heard that you resent being called a mama’s boy.4. Please stop arguing about foolish matters.5. Did the company delay paying the workers their wages?6. Let’s avoid walking on dark streets.7. She vehemently denies opening the letter envelope.8. Will you consider working abroad?9. We will resume jogging every morning.10. I surely regret forgetting that it was your birthday last Tuesday.Everyday ExpressionsLook closely at the idioms in the box. The meaning of each idiom is given.see after - tale care ofsee eye to eye - agree withsee into - inquire into; investigatesee off - accompanysee through - help; detect the trickerysee to it - attend to in order to make sure that it is done.Activity 1 See if you can complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with idioms chosen from the listabove. Be sure to use the correct form of see.1. The principal promised to ______________ the matter as soon as possible.2. We __________________ (her) at the airport.3. I __________ my little brother when Mother is out of the house.4. He’ll ______________ that his neighbor doesn’t cheat him again.5. The sisters don’t ________________ where the division of household chores is concerned.6. My kind uncle _____________ us when Father got sick. 16

Activity 2 Rewrite the following sentences by substituting an idiom for the underlined words. Chooseyour answers from the box.1. He doesn’t agree with Nelson where politics is concerned.2. Don’t worry we’ll attend to the details of the preparation for the science fair.3. Do you take care of your little sister when you’re home?4. They think we can’t detect their evil plan.5. Please investigate the matter at once.6. The whole family accompanied him at the airport.Activity 3 Do you think you are now ready to use the idioms you have just learned in your ownsentences? I’m sure, you do. Get your notebook and write one sentence each using the nine idioms with see.Self- checkActivity 11. see into2. saw her off3. see after4. see to it5. see eye to eye6. saw us throughActivity 21. He doesn’t see eye to eye with Nelson where politics is concerned.2. Don’t worry we’ll see to it that the details of the preparation for the science fair will be followed.3. Do you see after your little sister when you’re home?4. They think we can’t see through their evil plan.5. Please see into the matter at once.6. The whole family saw him off at the airport. 17

Fun with wordsWO R D S 1 2 3 4 5CYCLE BARS STOOD DECK DECK DECI SIONCYCLE MIS 6 7 89 10UPUP MIND AGE BEAUTY PODUP MATTER PODUP POD 11 12 13 14 15 ROSE LANDTIME ROSE LINE READROSE THORN LINE ROSE ROSESelf- check 9. age before beauty 10. tripod1. bicycle 11. the only thorn among the roses2. behind bars 12. read between the lines3. misunderstood 13. back to back4. double deck 14. land before time5. split decision 15. double cross6. line up7. scrambled eggs 188. mind over matter

The following pairs of words have the same vowel. Can you guess the missing vowels?1 2 3 t t d nt rt gd n r g4 5 6 b b s tb nb gs t n g7 8 9 t m p nt ym np n y nSelf- check 2 3 t d 1 t rat god r g no t n 5 6 b s 4 b nab gas n g t ub t 8 9 m p 7 t y am nip y n net n 19

Write Thing Knowing the importance of examining problems and issues from different vantage points, youare now ready to make your point in writing.Activity 1. Read each paragraph below. Then answer the questions that follow. A Young people eat too much junk food. It’s not good to stuff themselves with empty calories. In fact it’s really dumb. Young people should eat better. B Young people eat too much junk food, Nutritionists agree that a well- balanced diet should include fruits, vegetables, grains, milk, and other milk products. Most prepared foods contain sugar and artificial ingredients that have little nutritional value. Before eating packaged foods, they should read the labels. Perhaps they would replace junk food with fruits, nuts and other nutritious food. 1. Which paragraph do you think is more persuasive? 2. Explain why you think that paragraph is more persuasive.Pre-writingActivity 1. Choosing your topic Choose one of the topics below that you like to write about.1. TV viewing has a good (bad) influence on young people.2. Sipa should (should not) be called the national sport.3. Computers are helpful (harmful) to young people. 20

Activity 2. Narrowing your topic“Funnel” your topic. First draw a funnel shape in your notebook as shown below. Then followthis procedure.1. Write your general topic above the funnel opening2. On the right side, divide the problem or issue into two parts3. Select the part to focus on. Write it on the first line.4. Note causes and effects connected with the side you have chosen.5. Describe one cause or effect on the second line.6. Formulate a narrowed topic based on your previous answers.Study the model below. 2.  Young people tend to 1 Computer games are harmful to young people. hang out in computer shops, playing games 3 Young people waste their time and on the computer, and money playing games in computer wasting their time and shops. money.  They gain access to websites for adults.5. They neglect their studies. 4  They neglect their studies.  They ruin their eye- sight.  They bet on who will win or lose.6 Young people shouldnot be allowed to playgames in computer shopsduring school days.21

Activity 3. Considering your purpose and audience1. What will your readers think is important?2. To what kind of reasoning and language will your readers respond?Activity 4. Gathering Evidence Provide support for your position. Following are types of support you can use to backupyour opinion. - statistics - expert opinion - logical arguments - personal observation To write persuasively, base your opinions on facts. Include as many facts as you can.Writing Now that you’re ready to write a letter to the editor, keep your purpose and audience in mind.Include as many facts as possible. Offer clear solutions to the problem.Revising Go over your draft and check if you remembered to: - use strong, exact words to improve your sentences. - combine short choppy sentences into longer, smoother sentences. - use subordinate conjunctions and relative pronouns to combine sentences.Proofreading Did you - use capitalization and punctuation correctly? - spell all words correctly? - use the correct forms of verbs and other words?Publishing Now you’re ready to submit your piece to your teacher. Rewrite your piece in ink on a separate piece of paper. 22