English 2

3. a. She kept on worrying a lot. b. I asked her to pray.4. a. We heard the comments. b. We decided to call a meeting.5. a. The group finished eating. b. They saw dark smoke outside.Self-checkActivity 1 1. a. 1st or earlier action = My partner had been very cheerful b. 2nd or later past action = she met this guy 2. a. 1st past action = She had done everything to solve her problem b. 2nd past action = he offered his help 3. a. 1st past action = He had given suggestions b. 2nd past action = I realized my weaknessesActivity 2 1. a. first or earlier past action = had + past participle of the verb b. second or later past action = simple past form 2. The word “after” introduces the first past action. 3. The second past action can be introduced by either “before” or “when”.Activity 3 6. had allowed (1st past action) 7. gave (2nd past action) 1. had listened (1st past action) 8. had let (1st past action) 2. realized (2nd past action ) 9. gave (2nd past action) 3. had focused (1st past action) 10. worked (2nd past action) 4. reacted ( 2nd past action) 5. had thought (1st action) 13

Activity 41. Jake had sent Tina a dozen text messages before Tina replied.2. He had ignored her presence when she started shouting.3. She had kept on worrying a lot before I asked her to pray.4. After we had heard the comments, we decided to call a meeting.5. The group had finished eating when they saw the dark smoke outside* Surely, what you have gone through is worth the trouble. The idioms will definitely make yourlanguage more colorful and will make you feel great. Hang in there !Write Thing Writing A Letter of Advice Writing a letter of advice to someone who asks for it is a good way of letting the other personknow that you care for him or her. It is a sweet and thoughtful way of offering our help in solvingsomeone else’s problem with sincerity. The letter may give enlightenment to the other as well asmoral support. Parts of a Letter Do you remember the parts of a friendly letter? What are they? If your answer is heading, greeting, body, closing, and signature, you’re absolutely right. Each part has a purpose. The heading gives the address of the sender and the date the letter was written. The greeting or salutation states the name of the person addressed. The body is, of course, the content of the letter. The closing ends the letter, and the signature tells who the sender is. 14

The following is the form of a friendly letter. ______________________ ______________________(Heading) ______________________ _____________________, (Greeting) __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________. _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ( Body __________________________________________________________________ of the __________________________________________________________________ letter) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________. _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________. _____________________, (Closing) _____________________(Signature)Practice writing a friendly letter by doing the following activities.Activity 1 Organizing a LetterPlot out the following items in letter form. November 10, 2006 Jake Blk. 9 Lot 2 Always, Blue Subdivision Dear Angel, 15

Tanza, Cavite It’s a good thing you are aware of the situation you are in. Your acceptance that it had beenyour fault why you are in that situation is a good sign. That means….. (incomplete body of a letter)Self-check Read the letter below. Find out if you plotted the parts of the letter well. The whole body ofthe letter is given. Blk. 2 Lot 9 Blue Subdivision Tanza, Cavite November 10, 2006 Dear Angel, It’s a good thing you are aware of the situation you’re in. Your acceptance that it had been your fault that you are in that situation is a good sign. That means you are willing to do something to improve your life. Let’s say it won’t be easy but if you’re willing, nothing is impossible. You still can break your bad habit little by little. With your determination, you can be successful in finding solutions to your own problems. Why don’t you try prayer first? Then, do things as planned. God Bless! Always, JakeActivity 21. What is the letter about?2. Who is the sender?3. Who is the person addressed?4. When did the letter sender write the letter?5. If the addressee wants to reply, where should she send the letter?6. What is the purpose of the sender? 16

7. What kind of relationship exists between the sender and the addressee?Activity 3 Pretend that you have an advice column for a teen-age magazine. Write an advice to a readeror letter sender whose problem has to do with having a gap with her parents. Remember to includethese points in your letter . a. The problem to be solved. b. The purpose or reason for writing the letter. c. Comment on the reaction of the letter sender to the problem. d. Suggestions or solutions offered.Activity 4 Read your letter twice. Reflect on the questions in Activity 2 and the important points ofconsideration in Activity 3. Add needed information; use polite words; and, have a good beginningand closure to your letter. Check your spelling, punctuation marks, capitalization and grammar.Polish your work.Self-checkActivity 2 1. It is about Jake’s advice to Angel. 2. Jake. 3. Angel. 4. November 10, 2006. 5. Blk. 2 Lot 9 Blue Subdivision, Tanza, Cavite 6. To give an advice. 7. They seem close to each other. 17

Everyday Expressions Idioms make your language sound natural especially in casual conversations. You havelearned quite a number already. Do you practice using them? Here are a few more.Activity 1 Look closely at the italicized words in the sentences and find out what each means. In yournotebook, copy the letter of the word or phrase which means the same as the italicized idiom.A. show / reveal E. raiseB. succeed F. produceC. causes G. layD. makes people laugh1. Good planning brings about positive results.2. Why can’t all parents bring up responsible children ?3. This fertile land will bring forth a rich harvest.4. After all, a man must bring down his last card on the table.5. She was asked to bring home the bacon when she joined the contest.6. Every night the comedian brings down the house.7. You must bring out your best talent during the program.Activity 2 Answer the following questions as briefly as you can. Remember to substitute the two-wordverbs learned. Use the italicized meaning as clue. 1. When will you reveal your good singing voice to the public? 2. What kind of parents raise law-abiding and God-loving children? 3. Why is everybody expecting us to succeed? 4. Do you make the audience laugh with your antics on stage? 5. Will love and understanding produce lasting peace? 18

Activity 3. Read the following passage, and react to its truth or falsity. “Fear little and you’ll little have for fearing Bear what you must and profit by the bearing Believe in what you can Spend not much sorrow The day is dark. It can be fair tomorrow.”* Express your views, and comments about the truth or falsity of what the passage expresses.Remember to answer the guide questions below. Use two-word verbs or special expressions like :bring up, bring about, bring home the bacon, bring the house down, bring forth, whenever possible. 1. What does the passage mean? 2. Do you approve of what the poet says ? Explain. 3. Who do you think of when you read this passage? 4. What can you do to make the day bright? 5. What will happen if you believe in yourself?Self-checkActivity 1 1. C (brings about means causes) 2. E (bring up means to raise) 3. F (bring forth means to produce) 4. G (bring down is the same as to lay) 5. B (bring home the bacon means to succeed) 6. D (bring down the house means makes people laugh) 7. A (bring out means reveal or show)Activity 2 1. I will bring out my good singing voice to the public next meeting. 2. Good parents bring up law-abiding and God-loving children. 3. Everybody is expecting us to bring home the bacon because they count on us. 4. I bring down the house with my antics on stage. 5. Love and understanding will bring forth lasting peace. 19

Activity 3(Possible Answers) 1. The passage means we must be positive thinkers. 2. Yes, the passage can inspire us to bring out the best in us. 3. I think of optimistic people who can bring out the best in themselves. 4. I can bring down the house to make your day bright. 5. I may bring home the bacon.* Now that you’re through with the activities, let’s see how much you’ve learned. You’re now going to test your progress in using the skills learned in this module.PosttestReading Read the article carefully. Write the letter of the word or group of words that completes eachstatement after the paragraph. 1.) Aling Pidang is a very strong willed woman of forty five. 2.) Although she is a scavenger who limps on her way to gather scraps around the streets and vacant lots, she is proud she earns a living for her sons. 3.) In spite of the fact that she is always exposed to the heat of the sun, the shower of unpredictable rain, the critical eyes of the prejudiced people, she still manages to hold her head high. 4.) She is aware that other people belittle her job but she believes that she has earned it honestly. 5.) Her contentment in life although she has a disabled foot is always evident. 6.) She believes that what she is collecting is useless scraps for other people so it’s not wrong. 7.) In fact, she believes she is contributing to garbage collection. 8.) Her income is very unstable but she manages somehow to support her family. 9.) She has learned to handle by herself the major tragedies and crises in life . 10.) For her, there is not much time to be sad; instead she believes all her trials will soon be over. 11.) The world is still her oyster no matter what! 20

1. The main point of the article is ________________________________________. a. being a scavenger is not shameful. b. being strong willed enables one to solve problems. c. contentment makes a man happy. d. there’s nothing wrong in supporting a family.2. The main idea is stated clearly in sentence ___________________________________________.a. 1 b. 9 c. 10 d. 113. The sentence that best supports the main idea is sentence ________________________________.a. 2 b. 5 c. 9 d. 104. The writer most probably feels ______________________ Aling Pidang’s story.a. inspired by b. proud of c. surprised by d. worried over5. Based on the writer’s description, Aling Pidang’s best trait is her _________________________.a. faith c. self-assuranceb. contentment in life d. will power6. As gleaned from the article, the writer has a / an __________________ attitude for Aling Pidanga. appreciative b. indifferent c. negative d. supportive7. Aling Pidang’s heaviest problem is ____________________________ in life. a. the critical eyes of the people b. her exposure to the sun and rain c. handling tragedies and crises d. her unstable income as a scavenger8. Aling Pidang’s best solution to her problem lies in her ____________________. a. belief that she’s doing good to others b. contentment in her status in life c. positive attitude in life d. support for her family9. Sentence _____________ best shows how Aling Pidang solves her problems. a. 2 b. 5 c. 9 d. 1010. Most probably, the writer’s primary purpose is to _______________________a. describe Aling Pidang c. give hope at allb. inspire others d. stress the value of work. 21

Vocabulary The following italicized words are found in the preceding article. Write the letter of the wordor phrase that means exactly the same as the italicized word in each sentence. Use the word poolbelow.a. biased d. unable to walk e. clearb. one who gathers things discarded by others. f. resignc. not fixed1. A scavenger is exposed to diseases.2. We don’t need your prejudiced opinion.3. How can you help a disabled brother?4. It is evident you’re happy.5. Why can’t you leave that unstable job?Grammar Write the letter of the correct verb form that best completes each sentence in the paragraph. I had looked like an old man before I became thirty. Born to parents who were alcoholics, I1. (a. started b. has started c. had started d. have started) drinking when I was onlyeight. I actually 2. ( a. tasted b. had tasted c. has tasted d. have tasted) alcohols earlier.It wasn’t until I was eight or nine that I 3. (a. become b. became c. has becomed. had become) a habitual drinker. My life, at first, 4. (a. had been b. has been c. havebeen d. was ) dedicated to seeking the bottle before I 5. (a. has realized b. realizedc. had realized d. have realized) my life was going to the dogs. It’s harvest time. Let’s find out how you fared in the Posttest. 22

Self-checkPosttestReading1. B ( being strong willed helps best in solving problems and handling tragedies and crises)2. A ( Sentence 1 )3. D ( Sentence 10 )4. B ( proud of )5. D ( will power )6. A ( appreciative )7. C ( handling major tragedies and crises in life)8. C ( positive attitude in life )9. C ( she handles all tragedies and crises by herself )10. B ( inspire others)Vocabulary1. B ( A scavenger is one who gathers things discarded of others.)2. A ( Prejudiced means biased. )3. D ( Disabled is the same as unable to walk. )4. E ( Evident means clear. )5. C ( Unstable means not fixed. )Grammar1. C ( had started )2. B ( had tasted )3. D ( had become )4. A ( had been )5. B ( realized ) How did you fare in the posttest ? The perfect score is 20. You got a perfect score? That’s excellent! 15 to 19? That’s good. 10 to 14? It’s okay, but you could have done better. Below 10? Re-read the activities in the module. You must feel greatly inspired now! You’re done with the second module of the third quarter. You made it with a T! Keep it up! 23

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned from it. Usethis format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling about theactivities you did. For the last column, give your reason. cWhat I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because) 24

What I liked best 25

Unit III Module 3 Responding to Societal ProblemsOverview Human beings are social creatures. Unhappy when alone, they live in a society of their ownkind, the smallest unit of which is the family and the biggest is the world. The swell and ebb offortune and misfortune affecting humankind affect each of them for no one is an island but is forevera part of the main. This module focuses on coping with problems affecting society. After going through thismodule, you will hopefully be able to keep pace with these contemporary problems, get involvedand help resolve them peacefully and successfully.Objectives After working on the activities/exercises in this module, you will be able to 1. discover literature as a means of understanding man and society 2. form new words by affixation 3. get the meaning of words from context and word parts 4. note significant details 5. determine the author’s tone and purpose 6. make inferences 7. make assurances 8. speculate about future events 9. express reaction on certain issues by observing unity, economy, emphasis, and clarity of expression. 1

Instructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answer against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest.PretestI. Vocabulary : Using Affixes Write the correct word for the blank in each sentence. Choose from the words in the boxesabove the sentences.consideration consider considerate considerately considering1. “What is the trouble my dear?” asked the wolf thoughtfully and __________. “Tell Granny about it.”2. “Oh, Granny,” said Red Riding Hood, “You are so __________ and kind. But what big eyes and teeth you have.”3. At this point the wolf leaped up, yelling “I have had all day to __________ whether or not to eat you. I think I shall - - now.”4. But the wolf had spent too much time __________, for a hunter, hearing the noise, burst in and saved Red Riding Hood.5. “Oh, sir, thank you for your kindness and __________,” sighed Red Riding Hood to the hunter.foolishness fool foolish foolishly fools6. Fillenmore was silly; he was one of the world’s biggest __________.7. He thought that it would be fun to wade in a muddy puddle. Did you ever hear such ______?8. Fillenmore acted unwisely: he behaved __________. 2

9. Fillenmore tried to __________ himself into thinking that his mother would not punish him for it, but she will.10. The joke is on you, Fillenmore; you have muddy trousers, a bad cold and an angry mother. That’s what you get for being so __________.II. Reading Comprehension Read each paragraph carefully then write the letter of the word or phrase that best answerseach question.A. It was one o’clock on a warm Friday afternoon in March. Lino raised his hand to stifle ayawn. His eye roved repeatedly over the printed words, but they meant nothing to him. He could notunderstand what he was reading. His mind was blank. He tried to keep his eyes open. Suddenly hishead jerked forward, and he quickly caught himself up with a start.11. What time of the year was it?a. Summer time c. Harvest timeb. Rainy season d. Christmas time12. Why did Lino yawn?a. He felt warm. c. He was hungry.b. He felt chilly. d. He was sleepy.13. Why couldn’t Lino understand what he was reading?a. He could not read. c. He was very sleepy.b. The selection was difficult. d. He had a problem.14. Which phrase expresses the main idea of the story?a. A warm afternoon c. A difficult storyb. A sleepy boy d. A reading class15. What kept Lino awake?a. His will power c. His bookb. The heat d. The teacherB. A storm arose and drove our ship upon the sand in the land we did not know. Our lives werein peril for the sea waves dashed over the ship and threatened to break her up. We could not doanything. So we lowered the ship’s anchor and committed ourselves to God’s mercy.16. What was the weather?a. Fair b. Stormy c. Windy d. Sunny17. Where was the ship taken by the waves?a. To an unknown land c. To an abandoned wharf d. To the middle of the oceanb. To a deserted beach18. To what word does her in sentence 2 refer?a. Waves b. Lives c. Ship d. Sand19. What probably happened?a. The ship went off-course. c. The ship ran aground. d. The ship was wrecked.b. The ship dropped anchor. 3

20. What character trait was shown by the speaker? c. Fear a. Courage d. Resignation b. DeterminationIII. Using Correct Verb TenseChoose the correct form of the verb in parentheses that best completes each sentence.21. He (will be completing, completes, will have completed) his work before we begin ours.22. Let us hope that before the dawn of another millennium people (learn, will have learned, will learning) to live in peace.23. I (shall have finished, shall be finishing, am finishing) my homework by eight o’clock tonight.24. Our balikbayan cousins (shall return, shall have returned, shall be returning) to Europe before my parents come.25. Many years (shall be passing, shall pass, shall have passed) before the members of Class ’75 meet again.26. They (call, will have called, will be calling) us before we leave tomorrow.27. Our adviser (will have given, give, has given) our cards before summer enrollment begins.28. By the time the train arrives I (will read, am reading, will have read) this short story.29. Paolo (did, will do, will have done) all of his assignments by the time his father comes home.30. Probably, I shall not see Missey; I (shall go, shall have gone, am going) before she arrives.Self-checkInterested to know how you fared? Check your answers against the following.I. Vocabulary1. considerately 4. considering 7. foolishness 10. foolish2. considerate 5. consideration 8. foolishly3. consider 6. fools 9. foolII. Reading Comprehension11. a 13. c 15. a 17. a 19. c12. d 14. b 16. b 18. c 20. dIII. Using Correct Verb Tense21. will have completed 25. shall have passed 29. will have done22. will have learned 26. will have called 30. shall have gone23. shall have finished 27. will have given24. shall have returned 28. will have read 4

Perfect score is 30. Perfect? That’s great! Congratulations. Did you score between 21-29? Very good! Keep up the good work. Did you score between 12-20? You did fine but you could have done better. Study this module well to improve your score. Did you score 11 or lower? Well, it’s okay but please improve by making full use of this module. You can definitely do better if you try a bit harder. Good luck.Reading AdventurePre-Reading Look at the title of the selection. Is the word familiar to you? What do you think would theselection be about?While Reading MARIJUANA Marijuana is a narcotic used for the crime and other anti-social activities. A personunusual sensations it produces. under the influence of this drug suffers severe mental derangement starting with over-gaiety, Marijuana is a dreaded word nowadays talkativeness and feelings of grandeur. Hence,especially to parents who are afraid their young people addicted to this drug lose self-children might fall prey to its evil use. control to the extent of indulging in sex orgies. However, after the effect of the drug wears off, It is a habit-forming drug that over- these feelings deteriorate into mentalexcites users. Its use is prohibited by law; that confusion, faulty speech and delirium.is why it is often smuggled and sold covertly.The drug is obtained from the flowering top The greatest danger in the use ofand leaves of the hemp plant. This plant is marijuana is that it leads its users into usingusually raised to obtain fibers for rope and even more violent and dangerous drugs likeother products. Since ancient times Indian heroin. Heroin is an excellent pain relieverhemp and similar plants have been known and and also produces a feeling of extreme well-used for their narcotic effect. being. It causes nausea, vomiting, spasms of the intestines, reduced metabolism and Marijuana, when used as narcotic, is extreme constriction of the pupils of the eyes.usually smoked as cigarettes. When smoked Likewise, barbiturates are habit-forming ifor eaten, it causes a state resembling taken in large doses. When taken in largedrunkenness. Very often it is associated with 5

quantities, it produces addiction and makes the Thousands of our young boys and girls areuser confused and stuporous. victims of pushers of this potent drug. Thus, drug addiction has become one of our national Most nations in the world have joined problems. We can only hope and pray thattogether in an attempt to ban the use and something can be done to check thedistribution of marijuana. This is the reason unscrupulous persons who traffic in this evilwhy the raising of the hemp is strictly drug.regulated in some countries. Adapted from It is a sad fact that large plantations of Condez and Loguemarijuana are found in some provinces.Words Unlocked New words are formed by affixation. By learning to use the meaning of prefixes and suffixesyou can figure out the meaning of some words that you do not know, thus greatly increasing yourvocabulary. What are prefixes and suffixes? A prefix is a word part with a distinct meaning of its own that is added or attached to thebeginning of a word or another word part to form a new word. A suffix is a word part with distinct meaning of its own that is added or attached to the end ofa word or another word part to form a new word.A. Go over the selection again and figure out the meaning of the following words through itsprefixes or suffixes.Word Used Prefix/Suffix Meaning Word Meaning1. unusual un- not2. national -al belonging to3. reliever -er doer, maker4. addiction -ion action, state, result5. confusion -ion action, state, result6. drunkenness -ness quality, state7. derangement -ment action, result8. excellent -ent doing, showing9. dangerous -ous full of, marked byLet’s try your newly acquired skill. 6

B. Exercise. Using Prefixes and Suffixes The following sentences are awkward. Rewrite each sentence by replacing the underlinedphrase or clause with a single word that contains a prefix or a suffix. Number I is done for you. 1. The government should hasten the act of being developed of infrastructure in the countryside. The government should hasten the development of infrastructure in the countryside. 2. There was a state of being confused in the mall when the shoppers learned of the bomb threat. 3. Some snakes secrete a venom that is full of poison. 4. I was almost blinded by the state of being bright of the hall. 5. The state of being addicted to drug is a problem belonging to the nation. 6. Some drugs are designed for the action of relieving pain. 7. The scientist made important discoveries using methods that were not orthodox. 8. In choosing words writers are especially careful about what the words connote. 9. We forgot our hunger because of the result of being excited. 10. The state of being tall of that building undergoing the action of being constructed is impressive. 11. Marco was given a grade of showing excellence in mathematics.Self-checkDo you want to know how you fared? Check your answers against the key that follows.A. 1. not usual 6. state of being drunk 2. belonging to a nation 7. act of being deranged or insane 3. doing relief; making relief 8. showing excellence 4. state of being addicted 9. full of danger 5. state/act of being confusedB. 2. There was confusion in the mall when the shoppers learned of the bomb threat. 3. Some snakes secrete a poisonous venom. 4. I was almost blinded by the brightness of the hall. 5. Drug addiction is a national problem. 6. Some drugs are designed as pain reliever. 7. The scientist made important discoveries using unorthodox methods. 8. In choosing words writers are especially careful about connotation. 9. We forgot our hunger because of excitement. 10. The tallness of that building undergoing construction is impressive. 11. Marco was given a grade of excellent in mathematics. Perfect score is 19. Did you get 19? Awesome! Is your score between 15 – 18? Very good! Study more on affixation to improve your score. Is your score between 10 –14? Not bad, but you can do better. Study harder. If you scored 9 or lower you need a lot of improvement. Study this module well so you will do better. 7

Post ReadingUnderstanding the EssayWrite the letter of the best answer.1. What is marijuana?a. A kind of drink c. A cigarette brandb. A narcotic d. A medicinal syrup2. From what plant is marijuana obtained?a. Herbs c. Hempsb. Vines d. Fruit trees3. Why does the law regulate the use of marijuana?a. Because it is addictive. c. Because it is difficult to obtain.b. Because it is poisonous. d. Because it is expensive.4. Why do parents dread marijuana?a. Because it can be bought anywhere.b. Because it is expensive.c. Because it can solve almost any problem.d. Because their children might become victims to its evil use.5. What feeling does marijuana produce?a. Pleasant feeling c. Drunkennessb. Intellectual superiority d. Inferiority complex6. What does a person suffer when under the influence of this drug?a. Mental derangement c. Superiority complexb. Fever and cold d. Extreme timidity7. What happens when the effect of the drug wears off?a. The user falls asleep.b. The user forgets everything.c. The user becomes stronger.d. The user deteriorates into mental confusion.8. Is heroin more dangerous than marijuana?a. Yes c. Maybeb. No d. Sometimes9. Why should the use of marijuana be checked?a. Because marijuana is a prohibited drug.b. Because the use of marijuana is addictive.c. Because marijuana growers are tax evaders.d. Because marijuana could kill the user.10. What could be inferred from the selection?a. Marijuana is grown only in the Philippines.b. Marijuana plants are a recent discovery.c. Marijuana is grown in many countries.d. Marijuana has no medicinal value whatsoever. 8

Self-check Let’s find out how well you understand the selection. 1. b 2.c 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. d 8. a 9. b 10. c You should get 7 or higher to say you understood the essay well. Otherwise, please read theessay again to understand fully what you missed. Let’s read another selection to better develop your comprehension skills.Pre-Reading 2 Are you familiar with the word tsunami? How do you feel at the mention of the word?Why? Are tsunamis purely destructive? Look at the title of the selection you are about to read. What do you think does it suggest? THE DAY THE SEA RAN AWAY Nora Burglon1 Leppo sat on an upturned woodencrab pot, mending a net. His grandmothersat down beside him and said, “The northwind is blowing and it will soon be winter.”2 But Leppo was thinking that soon itwould be time for the meeting at the fishcamp where Indians of Alaska’s KenaiPeninsula gathered every fall. There the mencaught fish, which the women cured, and theboys ran about searching for berries, whichwere dried for the winter.3 During the fall of the year there wasmuch good food to eat. Because Leppo’sgrandmother was almost blind, they seldomhad anything at their house to eat except thefish and crabs that Leppo caught. At the fishcamp there would be venison (deer meat),both dried and roasted-as much as one couldeat. 9

4 At this moment Leppo’s friend, Little Crow came running up with big news. “I just camefrom the meeting of the chiefs,” Little Crow announced breathlessly, “and they were talking aboutgoing away to camp. They said that someone must stay behind to look after all the old people whocan scarcely walk or see or anything. Someone must take care of them.”5 This year Leppo’s grandmother would not be able to go to camp. Leppo swallowed hard. Heknew that he ought to be the one to stay behind. If he planned to be a chief like his grandfather, hemust learn to do hard things while he was young.6 “Tell them that I will stay behind and watch the village,” Leppo told Little Crow. He lookeddown so his friend could not see the tears in his eyes.7 One day after most of the villagers had gone, Leppo and his grandmother were sitting onLookout Rock.8 “It is getting colder every day,” she said, “and this year our shed is empty of fuel. What willwe do when winter comes?’9 At low tide on this part of the Alaskan coast, ridges of coal are sometimes barred. After astorm, the men hurry out and gather coal that has been loosened by the waves. How many yearswould it be, Leppo wondered, before he could push his way forward and get as much coal as the men.10 Although Leppo’s grandmother was almost blind, she had keen hearing. “ I hear something,”she cried, “and it isn’t good.”11 “An earthquake!” Leppo whispered. Then, “Grandmother! The sea is running away.”12 “I hear waves leaving,” she cried, “going out farther and farther.”13 “Grandmother!” he shouted “I can see coal all over the sand!”14 “Get a couple of the big fuel hampers,” said his grandmother, “and rope. You can fill thehampers with coal and I will drag them up to the shed. Hurry!”15 Leppo did as his grandmother told him.16 “Keep a sharp watch,” she warned, “for when the sea returns, it will come far upon the shore.”17 Leppo picked coal with great haste, but all too soon his grandmother called to him to comeashore.18 Leppo raced for shore, dragging the last hamper of coal after him. With that done, he wentquickly from one house to another where there were old people. Some were so badly frightened thatthey were trembling.19 “What is it that makes the earth shudder?” 10

20 “Only an earthquake,” Leppo said. “Do not be afraid, for I am here.”21 Leppo and his grandmother had supposed there would be no more coal for them. But the seareturned again and again, and each time it came surging in upon the shore, it left behind anotherscattering of coal.22 Leppo spent days breaking up some of the large pieces – so large that even after they werebroken up it took both him and his grandmother to haul them to their coal shed. There was suchsnapping and crackling in the drying coal that it was as though Leppo had captured a shedful of thenorthern lights.23 When the people from the fish camp returned to the village, they heard the snapping andcrackling in the shed.24 “It sounds just like drying coal,” said they, “but that could never be.” They flung the doorwide open. The shed was filled with coal!25 That winter Leppo and his grandmother had more fuel than anyone else in the village.26 Little Crow came to talk to Leppo about the fish camp. “This year it wasn’t all fun.. We boyshad to gather wood for smoking the fish, and that was hard work.”27 Leppo made no reply. Since the people of the village had gone away to the camp, he hadlearned that it was fun to work.Words Unlocked Write the word used in the story that matches the definition. The number in parentheses tellsyou which paragraph of the story to look at.1. preserved by drying and smoking (2) 4. shake; tremble violently (19)2. uncovered (9) 5. sweeping; rolling (21)3. containers (14)Post Reading Understanding the Story Write the letter of the best answer to each question. 1. Leppo wanted to go to the fish camp because he a. didn’t want to work gathering coal. b. was afraid to stay alone in the village. 11

c. wanted to have the good food at the camp.d. thought he could learn to be a chief there.2. Leppo’s grandmother was worried about winter coming becausea. they had no fuel.b. she was going blind.c. they had no food.d. it brought earthquakes.3. After gathering coal, Leppo ran from house to house because hea. needed more rope and hampers.b. was in charge of the village.c. had to calm the old people.d. both b and c4. Doing unpleasant things was necessary becausea. Leppo had a blind grandmother.b. Leppo planned to be chief.c. there were old people in the village.d. All of the above.5. When the villagers returned from the fish camp, they were surprised becausea. Leppo and his grand mother were still alive.b. the whole shore was covered with coal.c. there had been a terrible earthquake.d. the village coal shed was filled with fuel.6. Drying coal is compared to the northern lights because thea. coal burns and gives off a glowing light.b. snapping is like the sound of a light switch being turned on.c. crackling sound is similar to the flickering, sputtering light.d. All of the above.7. The lesson that Leppo learned was thata. it could really be fun to work like a man.b. it would have been nicer to go to the camp.c. Little Crow should have stayed behind.d. fish and crabs tasted as good as venison.8. The natural phenomenon suggested by the title isa. an earthquake c. an ebb tideb. a tsunami d. a solar eclipse9. The event proved to be beneficial because ita. provided coal for the people in the village.b. enabled the villagers to see the northern lights.c. taught Leppo a lesson.d. brought lots of fish and crabs for Leppo and his grandmother.10. It can be inferred from the selection thata. to eat one has to work very hard.b. old people are like children during an earthquake.c. Leppo had the potential of being a village chief.d. tsunamis can cost people’s lives. 12

Self-checkLet’s see how well you performed. Check your answers against those that follow.Words Unlocked1. cured 2. bared 3. hampers 4. shudder 5. surgingUnderstanding the Story1. c 3. d 5. d 7. a 9. a2. a 4. b 6. c 8. b 10. c Perfect? That’s great! Congratulations. You should get 8 or higher to claim you understood the selection. Otherwise re-read the storyand pay attention to the skills you missed.Skills EnhancerA. Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots Many English words are made up of smaller word parts. Another way to discover themeaning of unfamiliar words is to break the word down into their parts: prefixes, suffixes and roots. A root is the part of a word that carries the basic meaning. A prefix is a word part of one or more syllables placed in front of the root to modify itsmeaning or to form a new word. A suffix is a word part of one or more syllable placed after the root to help shape its meaningand often to determine its part of speech. For example, in the word disagreement, the root is agree, its prefix is dis- and its suffix is–ment.Exercise 1. Finding RootsCopy the following words in your notebook and underline the root.1. distasteful 6. dislocation 11. misfire2. unreachable 7. visualize 12. dangerous3. subhuman 8. debtor 13. dampness4. prerecorded 9. unbearable 14. misjudgment5. truthful 10. dishonestly 15. observably 13

Self-check Let’s see how well you can recognize the root words. Check your answers against thosebelow.1. distasteful 6. dislocation 11. misfire2. unreachable 7. visualize 12. dangerous3. subhuman 8. debtor 13. dampness4. prerecorded 9. unbearable 14. misjudgment5. truthful 10. dishonestly 15. observably You should have perfected this exercise, otherwise read more to increase your knowledge ofroot words.A. Prefixes A prefix may appear in a variety of words. They may have more than one meaning and morethan one spelling. The prefix in- for example, may mean “not,” “in,” or “into.” This prefix may alsobe spelled “il-“ (illegal), “im-“ (immature) or “ir-“ (irresistible) depending on the front letter of theroot with which it is paired. The following is a list of common prefixes.Prefix Meaning Exampleab- from, away, off ab + normal = abnormalanti- against anti + freeze = antifreezebi- two; occurring every two bi + lingual = bilingualcircum- around circum + navigate = circumnavigatedis- not; do the opposite of dis + agree = disagreein-, il-, im-, ir- not, in, into in + human = inhuman; il + legitimate = illegitimate; im + material = immaterial; ir + relevant = irrelevantmis- incorrect mis + spell = misspellpre- before pre + school = preschoolre- again re + appear = reappearsub- under sub + marine = submarineun- not un + tidy = untidysyn-, sym- with, together sym + biotic = symbiotic 14

Exercise 2. Using Prefixes Write the prefix that has the same meaning as the underlined word. Then write the completeword defined after the equal sign (=). Number 1 is done for you. 1. again + copy = copy again Answer: re-, recopy 2. before + view = to see something ahead of time 3. against + war = opposed to war 4. incorrect + pronounce = to use the wrong pronunciation 5. not + approve = to judge unfavorably 6. around + scribe = draw a line around something 7. two + plane = airplane with two main supporting surface placed one above the other 8. incorrect + print = an error in a published work 9. not + popular = not pleasing to most people 10. under + average = lower than average 11. not + direct = roundabout 12. again + capture = to seize again 13. with + phony = complex musical composition for an orchestra 14. not + replaceable = unable to be substituted for 15. against + toxin = substance that counteracts poison 16. before + determine = decide or establish in advance.B. Suffixes. There are two kinds of suffixes. One is inflectional or grammatical suffix and the other isderivational suffix which is important in vocabulary study. The derivational suffixes change themeaning and very often the part of speech of the words to which they are added. Following are somecommon suffixes.Suffix Meaning Example-ance, -ence action, process, quality, state exist + ence = existence-ard, -art one that does to excess brag + art = braggart-cy action, state, quality normal + cy = normalcy-dom state, rank or condition of king + dom = kingdom-er, -or one that is, does, makes act + or = actor-ion act, process, result, state react + ion = reaction-ism act, state, or characteristic of critic + ism = criticism-ity state, quality, degree moral + ity = morality-ness state, quality like + ness = likeness-ure act, process, function post + ure = posture-able, -ible capable of, fit for, tending to depend + able = dependable-al characterized by, relating to nation + al = national 15

Suffix Meaning Example-en belonging to, made of gold + en = golden-ful, -ous full of, having the qualities of vice + ous = vicious; beauty + ful = beautiful-ic having the character of hero + ic = heroic-ish characteristic of, inclined to child + ish = childish-less not having life + less = lifeless-ly in a certain way like in slow + ly = slowly; friend + ly = friendly appearance, manner or nature-ory of, relating to, producing transit + ory = transitory-some characterized by action, quality toil + some = toilsome-ate act on, cause to become active + ate = activate-en cause to be or have length + en = lengthen-fy, -ify make, form into; invest with class + ify = classify-ize become like, cause to be character + ize = characterizeExercise 3. Using Suffixes Write the suffix that has the meaning of the underlined word. Then write the new word afterthe equal sign. Number 1 is done for you. 1. rapid + in a certain way = quickly Answer: -ly, rapidly 2. zeal + full of = full of eagerness and enthusiasm 3. bold + state of = efforts to fight back 4. amalgam + act on = merge into a single body 5. train + capable of = able to be taught 6. resist + state of = efforts to fight back 7. convention + characterized by = relating to established custom 8. gull + capable of = being easily deceived or cheated 9. daunt + not having = not having fear 10. orate + one that does = one who delivers a formal, elaborate speech 11. soul + full of = filled with feeling 12. hospital + make or cause = to place in a hospital 13. serf + state of = state of being in a servile feudal class 14. sheep + characteristic of = resembling a sheep in meekness 15. angel + having the characteristic of = having the goodness of an angel 16. lag + one who does to excess = one who lingers too much. 16

Self-check Let’s find out how much you’ve learned your prefixes and suffixes. Check you answersagainst those below. Each number has two answers.Exercise 2. Using Prefixes2. pre-, preview 7. bi-, biplane 12. re-, recapture3. anti-, antiwar 8. mis-, misprint 13. sym-, symphony4. mis-, mispronounce 9. un-, unpopular 14. ir-, irreplaceable5. dis-, disapprove 10. sub-, subaverage 15. anti-, antitoxin6. circum-, circumscribe 11. in-, indirect 16. pre-, predetermineExercise 3. Using Suffixes2. –ous, zealous 7. –al, conventional 12. –ize, hospitalize3. –ness, boldness 8. –ible, gullible 13. –dom, serfdom4. –ate, amalgamate 9. –less, dauntless 14. –ish, sheepish5. –able, trainable 10. –or, orator 15. –ic, angelic6. –ance, resistance 11. –ful, soulful 16. –ard, laggard Perfect score is 30. Did you get 30? Excellent! You’re a fast learner. If you scored between 22 – 29, very good. Keep up the good work! If you scored between 14 – 21, not bad but you’ve got to learn your prefixes and suffixessome more to improve you score. But if you scored 13 or lower, you need a lot of improvement. Study your affixes again.Exercise 4. Using Prefixes and SuffixesWrite the letter of the word or phrase closest in meaning to each word in boldface.1. ingratitude c. ability to express thanks fully a. state of not being thankful c. to make haste b. support for an enemy during wartime c. rank in importance c. well qualified2. hasten a. state of hurrying b. one who hurries3. systematize a. give rules b. cause to be in order4. compatible a. capable of getting together b. in the manner of a friend 17

5. biped c. two-footed animal a. able to walk backward c. lose sight of b. bicycle c. win great acclaim c. having worthy qualities6. recoil c. secret underground passage a. jump forward suddenly b. draw back7. emancipate a. obey a king b. cause to become free8. meritorious a. being wise b. relating to progress9. transition a. passage from one place to another b. loss of credibility10. idealisma. state of perfection c. act of forming standardsb. one who seeks to make things better c. not capable of being kept apart11. inseparable c. please often c. full of sorrowa. consisting of layers c. between reason and knowledgeb. broken into two parts c. not paid12. displeasea. not please b. please again13. sorrowfula. against sorrow b. to cause sorrow14. illogicala. within reasonb. not valid or unskilled in reasoning15. prepaida. paid late b. paid in advanceSelf-check Let’s find out how well you’ve mastered your prefixes and suffixes. Check your answersagainst those that follow.Exercise 4. Using Affixes1. a 4. a 7. b 10. c 13. c2. c 5. c 8. c 11. c 14. b3. b 6. b 9. a 12. a 15. b 18

Perfect score is 15. Did you get 15? Excellent! Congratulations. Is your score between 11-14? Very good. You’ve learned your affixes well. Keep it up or better yet improve. Is your score between 7-10? You did just fine but you could have done better. But if your score is 6 or lower you have to try really hard to do better. Please study your roots, prefixes and suffixes again before you go any further.Integrating Your Skills You have learned the basic vocabulary, reading and literary skills to enable you to readeffectively and well. You have been exposed to materials that focus on the literal, inferential, criticaland integrative dimensions of reading. To recall, the literal dimension involves questions, the answer of which are directly stated inthe reading material. The inferential dimension requires you to read “between the lines” while thecritical dimension makes you read “beyond the lines.” The integrative dimension makes you lookinto your attitudes, values and outlook and use these as a yardstick for your reactions to the materialyou read. Now, let us gather and put to work all these skills you have learned in interpreting thefollowing reading materials.A. Read the selection well and answer the questions that follow. Write the letters only.The Three Martyr Priests It was a silent morning. There was the soft rolling of drums that added to the general feelingof sadness. The silence was painful for those natives who braved the early morn and the gleam of theSpanish blades. There could be heard the hurried prayers of black-clothed women. The day was February 17, 1872, when three secular priests Fathers Mariano Gomez, JoseBurgos and Jacinto Zamora were executed because of their support for the Filipinization of theRoman Catholic Church in the Philippines and their part in the rebellion by workers at the Cavitearsenal. The latter disliked the cancellation of their rights and privileges. The death of the three priests was, as many historians believed, the signal that therevolutionaries waited to start the nationalistic movement in the country. “Without Fathers Gomez,Burgos and Zamora, there could never be a Rizal.’1. What event is described in the essay? c. The execution of three priests a. The arrival of three priests d. The departure of three priests b. The capture of three priests 19

2. Who were the three priests mentioned in the selection?a. Fathers Mariano Burgos, Jose Gomez, Jacinto Zamorab. Fathers Jose Zamora, Jacinto Burgos, Mariano Gomezc. Fathers Jacinto Gomez, Mariano Burgos, Jose Zamorad. Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora3. What does executed in paragraph 2 mean?a. Massacred c. Carried into effectb. Put to death d. Performed completely4. What time did the execution probably take place?a. Sunrise b. Noon c. Afternoon d. Sunset5. Who are the natives mentioned in paragraph 1?a. Modern day Filipinos c. Filipinos of the Spanish regimeb. Filipinos of the American regime d. Pre-Spanish Filipinos6. What does blades as used in paragraph 1 mean?a. Swords b. Leaves c. Helmets d. Guns7. What is suggested by “the natives who braved…the gleam of the Spanish blades?”a. The Filipinos were not afraid of the execution.b. The Filipinos were not surprised by the execution.c. The Filipinos were not respectful of the Spanish soldiers.d. The Filipinos were not afraid of the Spanish soldiers.8. What is suggested by the words – silent, sadness, prayers, black-clothed women?a. War b. Fear c. Death d. Conflict9. To what sense does sentence 2 paragraph 1 best appeal?a. Sound b. Sight c. Touch d. Motion10. Which of the following phrases appeal to the sense of sight?a. Soft rolling of drums c. Feeling of sadnessb. Hurried prayers d. Gleam of Spanish blades11. What feeling is expressed in paragraph 1?a. Disappointment b. Grief c. Hatred d. Indifference12. Why were the three priests put to death?a. They secretly helped the Katipunan.b. They supported Filipino and Spanish priests.c. They disliked the cancellation of their privileges.d. They helped in the rebellion of the arsenal workers.13. To what word does their in sentence 1, paragraph 2 refer?a. Priests b. Natives c. Women d. Workers14. What is the referent of the latter in sentence 2 paragraph 2?a. Natives b. Workers c. Priests d. Women15. What caused the worker’s rebellion?a. Abuse of authority c. Death of the three priestsb. Cancellation of their rights d. Filipinization of the church16. Why are the three priests called martyrs?a. They were executed. c. They died for a worthy cause.b. They died at Bagumbayan. d. They died on February 17, 1872.17. What is implied by the last sentence?a. Rizal did not agree with the three martyrs.b. Rizal helped the three martyrs in their cause. 20

c. Rizal also disliked the Spaniards.d. Rizal could have been inspired by the three martyrs.18. Which word best describes the selection?a. Literary b. Biographical c. Historical d. Mythical19. How did the writer develop the selection?a. By describing an event c. By comparing an eventb. By discussing an event d. By dramatizing an event20. Which value does the selection bring out?a. Faith in God c. Obedience to authorityb. Love of fellowmen d. Love of countryB. Poetry Interpretation Read the poem carefully then in your notebook write the letters of your answers to thequestions that follow. Twilight Is Stillness To me twilight is stillness, The white stillness of country churches Whispering to sloping moss banks And cool, nodding trees. It is a hush of bird calls As vivid colors turn to graying mists.21. What time of day is referred to in the poem?a. Early morning b. Noon c. Early evening d. Night c. Country d. Twilight22. To what word does it in line 5 refer? c. Colorful d. Pleasant c. Evening d. Afternoona. Stillness b. Bird c. Hyperbole d. Irony23. What does vivid in the last line mean?a. Bright b. Artistic24. What is a synonym of twilight?a. Dawn b. Dusk25. What figure of speech is used in the poem?a. Simile b. MetaphorSelf-checkSurely you want to know how you fared. Check your answers against those that follow.A. 1. c 5. c 9. a 13. a 17. d2. d 6. a 10. d 14. b 18. c3. b 7. d 11. b 15. b 19. a4. a 8. c 12. d 16. c 20. d 21

B. 21. c 22. d 23. a 24. b 25. b Perfect score is 25. Perfect? You’re really terrific! Congratulations! Did you score between 21-24? Very good! Keep up the good work or better yet improve. Did you score between 15-20? You did well, but you could have done better if you tried harder. I know you have that in you. Did you score 14 or lower? You know you can do better than that. Why not make full use of your potentials? Try your best to do better in the succeedingexercises.Language Focus You know that the form of a verb indicates when an action takes place, don’t you? This isdone through one of its six tenses, isn’t it? Study the following sentences paying special attention to the underlined phrases. 1. They shall have finished college before they settle down. 2. By the time Billy marries, he will have found a stable job. 3. I shall have left the country by March. 4. You will have accomplished all the activities in this module by this time next week. When do the actions take place? What time expressions are used to show this? Study thegeneralizations in the box.The future perfect tense is used to express1. an action that will have been completed before a point of time in the future. (Sentences 3 & 4)2. an action that will have been completed before another future action. It indicates the earlier of two future actions. (Sentences 1 & 2) The future perfect tense is formed by the helping verb will have or shall haveand the past participle of the main verb. 22

Activity 1. Using the Future Perfect TenseA. Go over Janice’s schedule of activities for Sunday. Then answer the questions following it by using the future perfect tense. Write your answers in your notebook. 6:00 – 7:00 – gets dressed 7:00 – 8:00 – attends mass 8:00 – 9:30 – cleans and tidies her room 9:30 – 11:00 – goes to the supermarket 11:00 – 12:00 – studies her lessons 12:00 – 12:30 – eats lunch 12:30 – 1:30 – takes a nap 1:30 – 3:00 – reads a pocketbook 3:00 – 4:00 – attends piano lessons 4:00 – 5:00 – waters the plants 5:00 – 7:00 – helps in cooking dinner 7:00 – 7:30 – eats dinner 7:30 – 9:30 – watches TV or plays computer games 1. By 7:30 will Janice still be at home? 2. By 9:45 will she still be cleaning her room? 3. Will Janice still be at the supermarket by 11:15? 4. By 12:40 will she still be eating lunch? 5. By 1:45 will she still be taking a nap? 6. Will she still be reading a pocketbook by 3:30? 7. By 5:30 will she still be watering the plants? 8. By 8:00 will she still be eating dinner?B. Change the following sentences in the future tense to the future perfect tense. The first one is done for you. 1. In 2006 our economy will improve. By 2006 our economy will have improved. 2. The manager will go on a business trip to Europe next year. 3. The employees will organize themselves into a union by March. 4. Existing business enterprises will expand by then. 5. Labor shall be given greater support by the government before the year ends. 6. Our tourism industry shall be fully developed by 2006. 7. The Philippines shall become a favorite tourist destination. 8. More hotels, malls and recreation resorts shall be built. 23

Self-check Let’s find out how you performed. Check your answers against the key that follows.A. 1. No, she shall have gone to church. 2. No, she shall have gone to the supermarket. 3. No, she shall have studied her lessons. 4. No, Janice shall have taken a nap. 5. No, she shall have read a pocket book. 6. No, she shall have attended her piano lessons. 7. No, she shall have helped in cooking dinner. 8. No, Janice shall have watched TV or played computer games.B. 2. The manager will have gone on a business trip to Europe by next year. 3. The employees will have organized themselves into a union by March. 4. Existing business enterprises will have expanded by then. 5. Labor shall have been given greater support by the government before the year ends. 6. Our tourism industry shall have been fully developed by 2006. 7. The Philippines shall have become a favorite tourist destination. 8. More hotels, malls and recreation resorts shall have been built. Perfect? That’s great! Congratulations! You should score 7 or higher to consider yourself familiar with the future perfect tense.Otherwise, please study the presentation of the structure again and try to improve in the succeedingexercises.Activity 2. Making AssurancesA. Give a “Yes” answer to each question. Use the future perfect tense and the time expression by then in your statement. Use the verb in parentheses and write your answers in your notebook. 1. Can you return this module on Monday? (accomplish) 2. I understand you’re going out of town. Can we meet here next Thursday? (return) 3. Can you submit your home reading report next week? (finalize) 4. Can I use your computer tomorrow? (encode) 5. Can we practice your oration this weekend? (memorize)B. Give a “No” answer to each question or suggestion. Use the future perfect tense and the expression by then in your answer. Use the cue in parentheses. 1. You’re a mess! Surely you’re not going to let your girlfriend see you that way. (make myself presentable.) 2. Shall I call up Marie for you at nine o’clock? (go.) 3. Tidy your room. Don’t let Mother see how messy it is when she comes. (clean.) 4. There’s a nice movie on cinemax at 10:45 tonight. Will you watch it? (go to bed.) 24

5. Don’t let Father catch you smoking. You’ll be in big trouble. (finish this stick.)Self-check Want to check your performance? Compare your answers with the following.A. 1. Yes, I shall have accomplished all the activities by then. 2. Yes, I will have returned by then. 3. Yes, I will have finalized it by then. 4. Yes, I shall have encoded all my reports by then. 5. Yes, I shall have memorized it by then.B. 1. No, I shall have made myself presentable by then. 2. No, she will have gone by then. 3. No, I shall have cleaned my room by then. 4. No, I shall have gone to bed by then. 5. No, I shall have finished this stick by then. You should get 6 or higher. Otherwise, please put in more diligence in your studies.Activity 3. Speculating About Future Events Combine each pair of sentences to one using the future perfect tense. Number 1 is done foryou. 1. The economist arrives at eleven o’clock. His staff will finalize the plans for the project. By the time the economist arrives, his staff will have finalized the plans for the project. 2. There will be many multi-national corporations. These corporations will be organized in Subic by 2006. 3. More time-saving devices are being developed. Workers will have shorter working hours. 4. More tourists will be visiting the Philippines. These tourists will be coming by the end of the year. 5. The BIR and the Bureau of Customs will collect more taxes. They will collect these taxes by December. 6. The use of computers speed up the procuring of information. Business will be transacted faster. 7. The world will become smaller. Faster and bigger means of transportation will be designed. 8. We will meet the demand for power by the next century. We will meet the demand for power by using solar energy. 25

9. We will find oil in our country. We will find oil by the next decade. 10. We will transmit all communications by satellite. We will transmit all communications by satellite by 2020. 11. The minimum wage will be increased. The minimum wage will be increased through legislation by this time next year.Self-check Let’s see how well you know the future perfect tense. Check your answers against thosebelow.2. By 2006, many multinational corporations will have been organized in Subic.3. More time-saving devices shall have been developed so workers will have shorter working hours.4. More tourists will have visited the Philippines by the end of the year.5. The BIR and the Bureau of Customs will have collected more taxes by December.6. Business will be transacted faster as the processing of information will have sped up by using computers.7. Faster and bigger means of transportation will have been designed making the world smaller.8. By the next century, we will have met the demand for power by using solar energy.9. We will have found oil in our country by the next decade.10. By 2020, we will have transmitted all communications by satellite.11. By this time next year, the minimum wage will have been increased through legislation. Perfect? Excellent! You know the future perfect tense very well. Congratulations! Youshould score 6 or higher to be sure you know the future perfect tense well enough. Otherwise, pleasepractice using the tense correctly more and more.Activity 4. More on Speculating Future Events Complete each of the following sentences by adding a clause with a verb in the future perfecttense. Construct three different sentences. Write the sentences in your notebook. Number 1 is donefor you. 1. By the time the school year ends,_________________________. I shall have accomplished all the modules in all the subject areas. I shall have submitted all the requirements in each subject area. I shall have taken and passed the final examination. 2. Before Nilo marries, ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. 26

3. By this time next year, ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. 4. Before I go to sleep tonight, ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. 5. By Christmas, ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________.Self-check This activity is open-ended; however, here are some suggested answers to serve as model.2. Before Nilo marries, he shall have finished college. he shall have found a stable job. he shall saved enough to buy a house for his family.3. By this time next year, you will have completed the second year. you will have enrolled in the third year. you will have read several literary types in your English class.4. Before I go to sleep tonight, I shall have done my assignments. I shall have studied my lessons. I shall have said my evening prayers.5. By Christmas, my elder sister will have arrived from the United States. she will have brought home a computer unit for me. the family shall have held a welcome home party for her.Write Thing In your Reflective Journal write about your plans after finishing high school. Use the future perfect tense. 27

Everyday Expressions You already know what idioms are. They are peculiar to a language. Let us learn someidioms with stand. The word stand literally means “to rise to the feet.” However stand used with differentprepositions become idiomatic and takes on a different meaning.Study the following idioms. stand back - to take no part in something stand by - to support; to be faithful to stand aside - to stay toward one side stand for - to represent or tolerate stand in - to take someone’s else place; a substitute stand off - deadlock or stalemate stand out - to be noticeable or distinctive stand up - to fail to keep an appointmentA. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the idiom from the foregoing list.1. Liza was __________ by her boyfriend on their first date.2. I won’t __________ any of this nonsense!3. The action star used a __________ for the fight scenes.4. She __________ her family throughout the ordeal.5. Negotiations between management and labor have reached a __________.6. The movie actress __________ during the Awards Night because of her stunning gown.7. The father __________ and let his son handle the situation alone.8. During the ceremony the people __________.9. If he __________ me __________ I’ll never invite him again.10. In arithmetic, the plus sign __________ addition.Self-checkLet’s find out how you fared. Check your answers against the following.1. stood up 4. stood by 7. stood back 10. stands for2. stand for 5. stand off 8. stood aside3. stand in 6. stood out 9. stands up Perfect? That’s terrific! You are a fast learner. Congratulations! Did you score 8 or 9? Very good! Keep up the good work. Is your score 6 or 7? You did just fine, but please do better next time. If your score is 5 or lower you’ve got to study your idioms harder. Please do that. 28

B. Can you use these idioms in your own sentences? I bet you can. Then go ahead, write them in your notebook. You are almost through with this module. To evaluate how much you have learned take theposttest.PosttestI. Vocabulary. Using Affixes Write the correct word for the blank in each sentence. Choose from the words in the boxesabove the sentences.glory glorify glorious gloriously ingloriously1. Joe Pepper is an experienced, seasoned bullfighter who faces danger splendidly; he faces it __________.2. He wears a magnificent green-and-gold outfit when he goes before the bull; he looks __________ in his sparkling clothes.3. Each bull he faces shakes with fright when he hears the name Pepper; the bull knows of Pepper’s great reputation and acts __________.4. I wish I were a bullfighter and could win the honor and __________ that Pepper has won.5. I could call myself Paprika; my bravery would __________ my name, and add spice to the bullring.memory memorize memorable memorably immemorial6. The singer’s performance was something to remember; it was __________.7. She sang songs in an unforgettable manner; she sang them __________.8. I would tell you the titles of the songs, but I forgot them; I have a bad __________.9. I tried to __________ the song titles all during the concert, but still couldn’t learn them.10. It seemed to me that I sat there for a very long time; it seemed that the concert had been going on from time __________.II. Reading Comprehension Read the following selections carefully then write the letter of the word or phrase that bestanswers each question. One day, a stranger passed a man who was ordering a colored servant around in a tyrannicalway. The stranger asked why he did not help his colored servant. The man answered, “Why, Sir, Iam a colonel in Washington’s Army.” The stranger smiled, leaned down, and helped the Negro. 29

The colonel was amazed and asked why he helped a Negro. The stranger answered that allmen are created free and equal, and so no one has the right to order another about in such manner.The colonel asked who he was. The stranger answered, “Washington.”11. Which character is the selection chiefly about?a. A colonel b. Washington c. A Negro servant d. A stranger12. Why did the stranger help the Negro to get up?a. He knew him. c. He pitied the Negro.b. He was his friend. d. He believed he should be treated better.13. How did the Colonel feel when the stranger identified himself?a. Ashamed b. Angry c. Rebellious d. Sorry14. What character trait of Washington is inferred?a. Brave c. Justb. Honest d. Generous15. Which word best describes the colonel?a. Reckless b. Emotional c. Rude d. Arrogant The town, by any other name, would be as rural. The houses are, as in Amorsolo’s mind,squat and perpetually still in the bright sunlight. The vegetables grow lushly in the backyards. Themango branches are at their near collapse from their delectable burden; the rice stalks, too, from theirgrains.16. What does the last sentence imply?a. The branches are too high. c. The branches are laden with fruits.b. The branches are rotten. d. The branches almost touch the ground.17. To what sense does the passage appeal?a. Sight b. Smell c. Feeling d. Hearing18. What feeling is evoked by the passage?a. Enthusiasm b. Tranquility c. Loneliness d. Indifference19. What word in the passage means about the same as delicious?a. Lushly b. Perpetually c. Burden d. Delectable20. What is a good title for the selection?a. A Filipino Home c. A Hometown Sceneb. Amorsolo’s Painting d. A Model BarrioIII. Using Correct Verb TenseFill in the blanks with the appropriate future perfect tense form of the verb in parentheses.21. By 2016 our national leadership believes that we __________ (solve) most of our national problems.22. We __________ (stabilize) the economy.23. We __________ (minimize) the problem of unemployment.24. Our economists __________ (see) the results of their programs.25. We __________ (reduce) government expenditures.26. The stock market __________ (stage) a sprightly rally.27. Our tourism industry __________ (be) fully developed. 30

28. Workers __________ (join) with employers in seeking ways to eliminate waste on the job.29. Population control __________ (help) the economy more.30. There __________ (be) no need for new loans.Self-check Let’s find out how much you have learned from the module. Check your answers against the keythat follows.I. Vocabulary1. gloriously 4. glory 7. memorably 10. immemorial2. glorious 5. glorify 8. memory3. ingloriously 6. memorable 9. memorizeII. Reading ComprehensionA. 11. b 12. d 13. a 14. c 15. dB. 16. c 17. a 18. b 19. d 20. cIII. Using Correct Verb Tense21. shall have solved 25. shall have reduced 29. will have helped22. shall have stabilized 26. will have staged 30. shall have been23. shall have minimized 27. will have been24. will have seen 28. will have joined Perfect? Excellent! You have really used the module to the optimum. It’s an honor working with you. Congratulations! Is your score between 21 to 29? Very good! Keep up the good work, but don’t rest on your achievement. Try to hitch your wagon to a star! Did you score between 12 to 20? You did well but so much leaves to be desired. Try to do better in the succeeding modules. I know you can do more than what you have achieved here. Keep trying. Did you score 11 or lower? Time is precious, my dear. Don’t waste it. Put in more time for study if you want to pass the course. Good luck! It is hoped that this module has raised your awareness of societal problems and has helpedyou become more responsive to them. The next module will focus on responding to changes anduncertainties. 31

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling aboutthe activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because)What I liked best 32

Unit III Module 4 Responding to Uncertainties and ChangesOverview The need to foster global awareness among today’s children and youth is urgent. The humanrace faces a number of critical concerns that if left unresolved are likely to result in the destruction oflife -- environmental pollution, poverty, over-population, famine, world hunger, the spread of AIDSand other diseases. The solution to these problems requires global cooperation. The urgency of teaching about the state of the planet and developing responsible worldcitizens was expressed by Robert Muller, the former Assistant Secretary General of the UnitedNations: “A child born today will be faced as an adult with problems of a global interdependent nature, be it peace, food, the quality of life, inflation or the scarcity of resources. He will be both an actor and a beneficiary or a victim in the total world fabric, and he may rightly ask: ‘Why was I not warned? Why was I not better educated? Why did my teachers not tell me about these problems and indicate my behavior as a member of an interdependent human race?’ It is therefore the duty and the self-enlightened interest of governments to educate their children properly about the type of world in which they are going to live.” All of us are participants in the global arena. The question is the degree to which ourparticipation is informed and enlightened. How willing are you to take an active role in these globalconcerns? 1

Objectives After going through the activities in this module, you will be able to. 1. increase your awareness of social, environmental and economic problems confronting people today. 2. respond creatively to the reading text by graphically representing the ideas in a) a graphic organizer b) an outline 3. figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words by using context and word structure 4. combine two or more related sentences by compounding sentence parts 5. combine two or more related sentences by subordinating ideas of lesser importance 6. write a paragraph explaining how to do something or how something was (is) doneInstructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answers against the answers given under the Self-Check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-Check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest.Now you are ready to take the Pretest.PretestA. VocabularyFill in the blank with the correct preposition up down over of about 2

1. Think ________ the advantages of moving to the city as well as its disadvantages. 2. Now, think __________ a good title for your essay. 3. I suggest you think it __________ before you decide to move again. 4. The plane will touch __________ at 8:00 in evening. 5. You will need to touch __________ the scratches on the surface of your dining table.B. Reading Read the article “Global Warming”, then write the letter of the word or group of words thatcompletes each sentence below. Global Warming In a variety of ways, most of us rely on the manufacturing of plastic foams andcarbon-based fuels. We drive cars and from other industrial processes. CFCs notother vehicles powered by gasoline or only trap heat but also destroy the earth’sdiesel fuel. We use electricity generated by stratospheric ozone layer.power plants that consume coal, naturalgas, or oil. We burn wood, charcoal, With the exception of CFCs, whichnatural gas, and coal to cook or keep warm.All these activities add carbon dioxide to are now regulated, these heat-trappingthe atmosphere. This gas traps heat fromthe sun. gases are being emitted into the We also add other heat-trapping green- atmosphere at ever-increasing rates. Thishouse gases to the atmosphere. Nitrousoxide is added from nitrogen fertilizers is due, in part, to the growing numbers ofused in agriculture. Methane is emitted byrice paddies and cattle feedlots. people on earth, along with the growth ofChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) result from energy use, industrial activity, and agriculture. According to the Washington-based Environmental Protection Agency, humans presently spew six billion tons of carbon dioxide.6. Activities that add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere includea. driving cars fueled by diesel.b. drying clothes in the sun.c. using windmills to generate electricity.d. heating water with a solar heater.7. Heat trapping greenhouse gases present in the earth’s atmosphere includea. nitrous oxide. c. chlorofluorcarbons.b. methane. d. all of the above.8. The effects of chlorofluorocarbons area. trap heat from the sun. c. deplete non-renewable sources of energy.b. destroy the earth’s ozone layer. d. both a & b. 3

9. The increasing amount of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere is caused bya. growth in population.b. use of renewable sources of energy.c. nuclear weapons build-up.d. solar energy.10. Global warming is an entirely natural phenomenon.a. Yes b. No c. Can’t tellC. Outlining Fill in the gaps with facts from the article. I. Human activities that contribute to global warming. A. Driving cars powered by gasoline. B. Using electricity generated by power plants using coal, natural gas or oil. 11. C. II. Other heat-trapping gases added to the atmosphere. 12. A. 13. B. 14. C. III. Two things scientists are sure of. A. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased. 15. B.D. Grammar Fill in the blank with the appropriate connector chosen from the list.but however that when since 16__________ climatologists predict a future greenhouse effect, they rely onmodels run by the world’s fastest and most powerful computers. 17__________ theearth’s climate is determined by an extremely complex interaction of the earth’srotation, atmosphere, oceans, ice, land features and the sun. Sunlight warms theearth, 18__________ the heat 19__________ is created cannot escape theatmosphere. 20__________there is so much debate about the extent of the problemof global warming, it is not surprising that there are differing views on the problem. 4

Self-checkA. Vocabulary1. about 2. of 3. over 4. down 5. upB. Comprehension6. a 7. d 8. d 9. a 10. bC. Outlining11. Burning wood, coal for cooking or warming.12. Nitrous oxide.13. Methane.14. Chlorofluorocarbons.15. The average surface temperature of the earth has increased.D. Grammar16. When 18. but 20. Since17. However 19. thatYour Score: 20 - Perfect. Congratulations! 16 - 19 - Very Good. Go over the ones you missed. 12 - 15 - Good 8 - 11 - Fair 4 - 7 - Try to do better 0 - 3 - Need helpWords Unlocked What words can you find to help you guess the meaning of the words under the column forunknown words? Locate these words in the selection, “Ethical Dimensions of the Ecological Crisis.”Use different strategies such as searching for context clues and looking for prefixes, suffixes androotwords to fill in the “Clues,” and “Guess” columns. Use the glossary, dictionary or thesaurus tocheck your guesses. The first one is done for you. P stands for paragraph. 5