English 2

1. Which picture gives you the best understanding of what this post actually is? Check one statement. ________ Picture A because it shows that you can lean on it. ________ Picture B because it shows its surroundings. ________ Picture C because it gives the exact measurement of the post. Have you noticed that the way an unfamiliar thing is pictured in its surroundings can give you clues to what that thing is and how it is used? Similarly, clues to the meaning of an unfamiliar word may come from the words or sentences surrounding it. Study the following examples. A. The alternating heavy posts and smaller slots create a sense of rhythm. B. A rhythm is set by the dipping curves of the top edge. C. Variety, which is vital to visual rhythm, is created by changing sizes, colors, shapes, positions, values and/or direction of the repeated items or the intervals between them. 2. Which of the 3 sentences above indirectly tells you the meaning of rhythm by using contrast? 3. Which sentence gives you clues to the meaning of rhythm by giving examples?Activity 3 The ability to use context clues to figure out a word’s meaning is a valuable reading skill. In this section, you will learn and practice how to get the meaning of unfamiliar words by using contrast clues. A contrast is a word or idea that is the opposite of the unfamiliar word. Read the sentences below. What does the word linger as used in the sentence mean? You should not linger in the movie house but should leave immediately when the movie is over. You can conclude from the sentence that “linger” means the opposite of the phrase “leave immediately.” Therefore, “linger” must mean, be slow to leave.Activity 4 Try to figure out the meaning of each underlined word by studying the contrast given in each sentence. Match the sentence in Column A with the meaning of the underlined word in Column B 7

A B 1. Many people save empty cans a. disagree for recycling rather than discard them with the garbage. 2. Sails on boats are made of canvas b. average, usual because it is a durable material. 3. Everyone seemed to agree with the manager c. strong, long because I didn’t hear anyone contradict lasting his statement. 4. Each person is unique since no two d. get rid, throw persons are alike. away 5. A typical Filipino teenager watches e. one of a kind, several hours of TV, but there are few unusual families that don’t watch TV at all.Self-checkActivity 1 1. wood 2. shape 3. leg 4. tall/big 5. tied 6. the surroundings would suggest/give hints as to its useActivity 2 3. C 1. picture B 2. AActivity 4 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. B 1. D 8

Your score 14 Perfect 10 – 13 Fantastic! 8 – 12 Good job! 3 – 7 Try harder!Reading Adventure What do you understand by an active reader? Are you one of them ? How can you getmore from what you read? The answer to these questions is to be an active reader, an involvedreader. As an active reader, you are in charge of the reading situation. The following strategieswill help you become an active reader.Pre-reading Preview the selection by looking at the title and reading the first paragraph. What do the title and first paragraph suggest? What message or theme will the selection communicate?While Reading Predict what will happen next while you are reading. This will make reading more exciting, don’t you think so? Now use these two strategies in the selection 9

Only on Saturday By Teresa PedertonLiz Fong sat perched on a high “How is Mr. Wen?” Mr. Dun inquired stool in Mr. Dun’s grocery store politely. waiting while Mrs. Wen decidedwhether or not to buy the water cress. “Not much better. I have to spend all my time with him now, and “It’s getting to be very high,” she heaven knows, it is not easy. At least wemurmured. “ I remember when you still get the unemployment pension.”could buy twice as much at that price!” As Mr. Dun gave his customer “Yes Mrs. Wen, prices are going her change, he said, Goodbye Mrs. Wenup all the time. I am unable to charge and thank you.”the same prices I did,” Mr. Dun repliedpatiently, for he had heard the same Liz had been watching the twocomment often. from afar. She was not interested in Mr. Wen’s health, having heard it too often. “Well …. I’ll take it. Mr. Wen is Now she slid off the stool handing Mr.very fond of it.” Dun a jar.Pause and answer these questions Why do you think does Liz hand him a jar? What is she doing inMr. Dun’s grocery? 10

“I brought you some candied watermelon Liz had always been in awe of Mr. Dun.rind. Mama made quite a lot, and I knew He was highly educated and ayou would like some.” Confucianist. She could never understand his behavior __ to his customers he was “That is very thoughtful of you aloof and gravely polite, although LizElizabeth.. Thank you and tell your through long acquaintance could tell he feltmother thank you for me. How is your superior to them.new job?” But he was lonely, and he had “I don’t like it at all,” she replied always favored Liz. For many years, Lizdolefully. “By the time I finish cleaning had visited Mr. Dun on SaturdayMr. Chew’s house; the twins have afternoons, talking and questioning,already gone and messed it up again. helping whenever she could and samplingYesterday they got into a pillow fight and his stock of Chinese candies and fruits.one of the pillows broke. The featherswere still there when I came today,” she Today she talked at length of herfinished.. new job. The work was hard, the pay was low, and the twins _ wildcats! Mr. Dun smiled gently. “You aretoo impatient, Elizabeth” Finally she glanced at her watch. Five twenty-five. Her mother would be Liz had always been quiet and wondering where she was.respectful, and always thoughtful of Mr.Dun in his loneliness. Perhaps it was “I’ll have to go now, Mr. Dun.because the old man and the young girl Mama will be expecting me.” She felt awere so alike that they have formed such rush of sympathy for Mr. Dun, standing soa firm and lasting friendship. Ever since erect and proud and yet so pitiably lonely.she had been a grave, pigtailed seven- She paused at the door. I’ll come and readyear-old, she had been in and out of his to you tonight if you like” Mr. Dun smiledstrange little grocery on China Town’s and waved a farewell.Mason StreetPlease pause again to answer these questionsWhy do you think does Liz spend so much time with Mr. Dun?_________________________________________________________________Find out as you continue to read. 11

Liz walked out into the late afternoon of the neighborhood . The houses were allsunshine, which flooded the street corner. the same, a dull beige or gray, andIt made the brick streets and the invariably adorned with curving stairwaysyellowish plaster facades glow. The and elaborately carved gateposts from ansunshine combined with the brisk salty earlier San Francisco period..air, felt good on her face. She beganrunning down the narrow, hilly slope. As soon as she had stopped pantingShe drew aside, panting to allow a small she climbed the two flights of stairs to theboy on a wheeled cart to whiz past her apartment. As always the peculiar mustydown the hill. She resumed her flight smell emanated from the heavily carpeteddown the street. As she approached the front room. The wine colored drapes wereapartment house where her family lived pulled shut to exclude the bright Augustshe extended her arm to grab the sunshine. As Liz eyes became accustomedgatepost. She stopped breathless and to the dark, she noticed that the room wasfaced the two flights of stairs to the unexpectedly neat. She sank down in aapartment. Seating herself on the bottom plush armchair and listened for the soundsstep and still breathing heavily, she of her family, but the apartment was silent.surveyed the other side of Mason Street.She had always disliked the antique look “Mama I’m home, “ she calledStop and answer this question. What do you predict Mama will say at this point? _______________________________ Read to find out. 12

From the kitchen, she heard her mother “No thank you. It’s very goodanswer. “Where have you been all this though,” replied the Fongs’ jovialtime, Elizabeth?” guest. “I think Mr. Fong and I had better get down to business.” Liz came into the kitchen tofind her mother bent over the ironing Liz and Mrs. Fong rose to clearboard. “Mama I told you I would be a the table.little bit late.” “Elizabeth will you do the “Oh, dear. I forgot. Listen will dishes tonight? I have a terribleyou put that … see that bowl of rice headache,” Mrs. Fong said.and vegetables? Put it in the fryingpan. That’s right. Mr. Tan is coming “Mama, I have to leave now,”over tonight. He wants to talk to Papa Liz said evenly, her face set in aabout business.” determined expression. “I’m going over to Mr. Dun’s house tonight.” Liz began to set the table. I toldMr. Dun that I would come over “Why, Elizabeth! Do you thinktonight and read to him.” that’s fair? You have no right to forget your family duties.” “Oh Elizabeth! You spend somuch time with him. Too much. You “Mama, I promised him! Iare there on Saturday afternoon and can’t go back on my word. I’ll do theeveryday after work. And sometimes dishes when I get home.”in the evening.” “If you promised, you must go, “Mama, he is very lonely.” of course. But this sort of thing “I think he invites it. He is happens entirely too often, Elizabeth”too good for everybody.” “I enjoy reading to him, and Liz fled her mother’sbesides his eyes are getting worse.” reproachful eyes upon her.The kitchen door opened, and Mr. Fongentered the kitchen. “Hello Papa,” Liz The next morning at breakfastsaid brightly. Mrs. Fong faced Liz angrily.” “Mr. Tan will be here in half an Elizabeth, you promised to do thehour, Papa, so you had better change dishes last night”your clothes,” Mrs. Fong said. “Yes, dear. Did you iron my “Mama, I came in at ten o’clockwhite shirt?” and I was awfully tired. But I did the “Yes .Now go change. I have dishes this morning”enough to do without you getting in theway. “That’s not the point. You have no right to forget your work here just to ........ spend time with that old man. From now on I insist you go straight home “Mr. Tan, won’t you have some frommore dessert? offered Mrs. Fong. work. Liz sighed. “All right, I’ll come home every night after worked. 13

“By five. I want you to clean your Liz came after work as she hadroom. It is a terrible mess.” promised and her mother was pleased. On Saturday she announced, “Don’t “Okay, Mama.” expect me home until later this “And don’t say okay. It sounds afternoon. I’m going to see Mr. Dunso sloppy.” after work.” “Yes, Mama,” Liz saidpatiently. “Oh, dear it’s already time to Mrs. Fong set her coffee cupgo to work. Bye.” She hurried from the decisively, “Be home by five o’clock.”kitchen. It was 4:45 when Liz arrived at “Oh, Mama, I haven’t seen himMr. Dun’s store that afternoon. for a week. There must be lots of things I could do for him.”Please pause again and answer the following.What do you predict will happen next?__________________________________________________________________Why do you think so?______________________________________________________Finish the story to find out. 14

“Hello, Mr. Dun,” she said brightly. . One afternoon as she approached theHow do you do?” shop, Mr. Dun was outside tying up some white squid for display. He turned from the shelf wherehe was stacking cans of goods. “Hello Mr. Dun.” “Hello, Elizabeth. Will you “ I have not seen you for a take those buckets inside?”while Elizabeth.” The buckets were filled with writhing snails. Liz sighed and picked “ No. I _ I had a lot of work to up the buckets. Inwardly, she wasdo at home this week. Is there relieved that Mr. Dun was not angrysomething I can do to help you?” today. The old man and the girl talked “No …no.” His voice trailed. as they had done before. But Liz wasHe turned back to his work again, and anxious to leave for she found theLiz watched him in puzzled silence. atmosphere of the shop oppressive.He seemed so cool and uninterested. “I must leave now,” she interrupted gently. Mom will be “How is business?” worrying.” “It is fine.” “Oh, yes I suppose she will.” “Oh.” Mr. Dun’s face changed Liz was bewildered and instantly from an expression ofdismayed. What should she do now?” goodwill and interest to an “Mr. Dun – please! What is the impenetrable mask.matter?” She burst unhappily. Now I’ve really done it. She “You have forgotten your old thought impatiently. Why do I dislikefriend. You could not find time to visit him now? He is such a pitiable man – Ifme for a week.” Mr. Dun spoke with I don’t befriend him, who will?carefully controlled anger. Nothing is the same as it was “Mr. Dun, I’m terribly sorry before. I don’t understand it. And Lizabout this. I want you to know it was savagely kicked a stone and stoodnot entirely my fault.” watching as it rolled down Mason Street. “I suppose not Elizabeth. But Iwould like to have you come as muchas possible. There is usually a greatdeal you could do to help me.” Liz now visited Mr. Dun onlyon Saturdays. She had becomeuncertain and uneasy about his attitudetoward her, and it had become a visitshe dreaded. 15

Post Reading How well did you answer the questions? Did your predictions come true? If yes, that’s great!If no, that was a good try. The next set of activities will help you get more out of what you read.Here’s your chance to practice the skills that will bring you reading success. Some of the strategiesyou’ll learn include noting significant details, recognizing a sequence of events and responding toliterature. Once you’ve learned those skills you can use them in all the reading that you do and getmore out of your reading.Comprehension Check A. Look back ( Recall) 1. List four specific details about Mr. Dun. Write them in the circles below.2. Number these statements from 1-6 to show the order in which the events happened in the story. Elizabeth got a babysitting job for twins. No. _________ Liz savagely kicked a stone down Mason Street. No. ________Elizabeth first began to go to Mr. Dun’s shop.No. ________ Mr. Dun said Liz had forgotten him. No. _______Liz found the shop oppressive and wanted to leave.No. _________ Liz didn’t go to the shop for a week. No. _________ 16

B. Think it over. (Interpret) 3. Why does Liz’ mom dislike Mr. Dun? Explain. 4. Why did Liz become unhappy about the situation?C. Go beyond (Apply) 5. When people have misunderstandings with others, they usually try to resolve them. Sometimes, they have to use different approaches with different people.. It might be more difficult to resolve a problem when the people who disagree are of different ages. What advice would you give to Mr. Dun and Elizabeth to help mend their relationship? Use the following expressions to give your advice. Pardon me,. Mr.Dun, but don’t you think ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________ Elizabeth , if you don’t mind, here’s ten cents worth of advice __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 17

D. Develop your Reading / Literary Skills When authors write short stories, they make us look at events in the story through someone’s eyes. The eyes or perspective from which a story is told is called point of view or narrative viewpoint. The following are examples of different points of view: In many traditional novels and short stories, the narrator tells us everything that goes on. When the narrator is all knowing or omniscient, we are told not only what is happening but also what the characters feel and think. This is known as the omniscient point of view. Many modern writers felt that a limited point of view would make fiction more realistic or lifelike. In real life, we don’t know what is going on in either people’s mind or what is happening in places where we are not present. Some writers tell us only what a person who is present might have seen or heard. They use an objective, third person narrator. This is known as the third person objective point of view. Sometimes we see the story through the eyes of a first person observer, a character who plays a minor role in the action or events of the story. This person shares with the readers whatever scenes or events an eyewitness to the story would be able to see. That it is why it is called the first person limited point of view. When the narrator or person telling the story is the central character or one of the main characters in the story, It is called the first person, participant point of view. From whose point of view is Teresa Penderton’s story “Only on Saturday” told?Self-check A. Look back(Recall) 1. aloof, gravely polite, snobbish, proud, lonely 2. 2-6-1-4-5-3 B. Think it over 3. Liz mom dislikes Mr Dun because he thinks he’s superior to the other members of the Chinese community. Liz spends too much time with him, she neglects her family chores. 4. Liz pities Mr. Dun. She cannot visit him everyday. Her mom forbids her to visit him on weekdays. She gets to see Mr. Dun only on Saturdays. Mr. Dun has changed. He has become aloof and indifferent to her. 18

C. Go beyond (Apply) Mr. Dun should not insist Liz visit him every afternoon. He should try to be more friendly. Liz should learn to budget her time. She should try to help her mom at home.D. Develop your Reading/ Literary Skills The story is told from the omniscient point of view. The narrator is all knowing or omniscient, we are told not only what is happening but also what the characters feel and think.Language FocusRead the following words:went kept thought rode saw madeWhat do they have in common? If you said they are all verbs in the past tense. You‘re absolutelyright. The following section will help you use the past tense in meaningful situations.Now read this dialog. Then answer the questions that follow.Liza : Did you have a good weekend?Vicky : Yes, I did.Liza : What did you do?Vicky : I fixed my room. How about you?Liza : I went to the mall.Activity 1 Comprehension Check1. What did Vicky do last weekend?2. What did Liza do?3. When did Vicky fixed her room?Do you remember the rules on the use of the simple past? Here’s a refresher. The simple past is used to talk about activities or situations that began andended in the past. 19

sent ran threw hitThe past tense can be formed in several waysWe form the simple past of regular verbs by adding -ed Here are specific rules for forming the past tense of regular verbsRULES FOR FORMING THE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBSMost verbs: Add –ed pray – prayed preached - preachedMost verbs ending with e: Drop the e and add-ed believe –believed hope - hopedVerbs ending with a consonant and -y: study - studied marry -marriedChange –y to –I and add –edVerbs ending with a single vowel and consonant : stop – stopped plan – plannedDouble the final consonant and add -ed drop – dropped hop - hoppedActivity 2.Practice using the past tense. Write affirmative past tense statements with the cue words below . Example: Mrs. Dela Cruz/ walked / bank Mrs. Dela Cruz walked into the bank. 1. She / open / checking account 2. teller/ count/ money 3. he/ offer/ Mrs. Dela Cruz gift 4. she/ want/ a radio 5. she/ turn on radio / bank 20

Activity 3Answer each of the questions affirmatively. Write complete sentences Examples: Did you plant the seeds or pull the weeds? I pulled the weeds. 1. Did you deposit your check or cash it? 2. Did Mr. Santos open a checking account or close one? 3. Did you and your brother like the concert or dislike it? 4. Did you arrive at nine o’clock or half past ten? 5. Did Mr. Cruz apply for a loan or receive one?Some verbs have irregular past forms. Study the spelling changes of irregular verbs in the past tense.SPELLING IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS1. Vowel change to a: 2. Vowel change to e begin - began drink - drank go - went sink - sank leave - left3. Vowel change to o drive - drove lead - led ride - rode steal - stole 4. Vowel change to au or ou win - won write - wrote bring - brought6. Vowel change to a catch - caught With another vowel or y come - came teach - taught give - gave lie - lay find - found pay - paid think - thought8. Vowel change to oo: stand - stood 7. Vowel change to ew take - took understand – understood blow - blew fly - flew know - knew throw - threw grow - grew 9. No spelling change beat - beat hit - hit cost - cost cut - cut put - put spread - spread10. Other changes lose - lost lend - lent do – did mean - meant send - sent hang – hung 21

Activity 4Using the Irregular Past Tense Complete the sentences by using the simple past of the irregular verbs in the box. Use each verb only once. Number 1 is done for you.cut go meetdrink hold readeat keep speakfind lose spend 1. Susan drank a glass of milk before going to school. 2. We _______ dinner at a Chinese restaurant last Sunday. 3. Joe hurt his finger while preparing dinner last night, He accidentally ____ it with a sharp knife. 4. I don’t have any money in my pocket. I ______ all my money yesterday. I’m flat broke. 5. Mary Anne didn’t throw all her old clothes away. She _____ them. 6. I _______ an interesting article yesterday. 7 – 9. Jack _____ his ring in the softball field yesterday. This morning, he ____ to the field to look for it. Finally, he _____it in the grass. 10. Marie was nervous when she _______ her baby in her arms for the first time. 11. Yesterday, I called Nena on the phone. She wasn’t there, so I _____ to her sister. 12. We ____ to the mall yesterday.Activity 5What’s the response? Choose the correct response to each statement or question. The first one is done for you. 1. Did you send her a gift? A. No, I did. B. No, I didn’t. 2. I wrote letters to my friends. A. What are you writing about? B. What did you write about? 22

3. Did you have a good weekend? A. Yes, I did. I played tennis. B. No, I do. I play basketball . 4. What did you bring? A. I bring spaghetti. B. I brought spaghetti. 5. I read two pocketbooks last week. A. What books did you read? B. What books do you read ? 6. Did you go jogging? A. No, I don’t. B. No, I didn’t. 7. What did you do last weekend?. A. I go to the mall every weekend. B. I went to the mall.Activity 6What’s the sequence?The following are jumbled sentences in a dialog. Put the lines in the correct order by writing 1, 2,3, and 4. _______ Yes, I have. _______ What did you order? _______ Have you given your order to the waiter? _______ I ordered spaghetti and iced tea. 23

Activity 7Did or Didn’tComplete the conversations by choosing did or didn’t for the short answer. Then use one of theverbs in the box to complete the follow-up sentence. The first one is done for you.. Did Didn’t watch paint go fix drive play1. Ana: Did Joe fix his bicycle last week? Joy: No, he didn’t_. He fixed his car.2. Lanie: Did you watch Mulawin last night? Joey: No, we ____. We ________ another tele drama.3. Al: Did Mario play the piano for his guest? Joy: No, he ___. He ____ the violin.4. Pete: Did your sisters go to the concert last night? Joey: Yes, they___ .5. Linda: Did your friends paint their homeroom last week? Joy: No, they ____ .6. Gary : Did Joe drive to the beach today? Vic: No, he _____. He ______ to the shopping mall.Self-checkActivity 1 1. Vicky fixed her room. 2. Liza went to the mall. 3. She fixed her room last weekend.Activity 2 1. She opened a checking account. 2. The teller counted the money. 3. He offered Mrs. Dela Cruz a gift. 4. She wanted a radio. 5. She turned on the radio in the bank. 24

Activity 3.Possible answers 1. I deposited it. / I encashed it. 2. He opened one. / He closed one. 3. We liked it. / We disliked it. 4. We / I arrived at nine o’clock. We / I arrived at half past ten. 5. Mr. Cruz applied for one. Mr. Cruz received one.Activity 4 2. ate 3. cut 4. spent 5. kept 6. read 1. drank 8. went 9. found 10. held 7. lost 11. spoke 12. wentActivity 5 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 1. bActivity 6 2, 3, 1, 4Activity 71. didn’t, fixed 2. didn’t, watched3. didn’t, played 4. did5. didn’t 6. didn’t, went.Enriching your Vocabulary Are you frustrated because you find many two-word verbs too difficult? Well, don’t panic.Help is at hand. Two-word verbs or phrasal verbs are used all the time in everyday English. You needto know them in order to understand and speak natural English. Let’s start learning some phrasalverbs. A phrasal verb is a verb plus a preposition with a meaning different from the original verb.Here are few tips to understand phrasal verbs. Try to:  Understand the logic of the preposition.  Learn a couple of good examples.  Remember a few words that go with the phrasal verbs. All these will help you learn phrasal verbs in a logical way and in context. 25

Study the following example. I ran into an old friend at the movies last night.The idiom ran into doesn’t mean that you physically ran into your old friend. What you mean isthat you met him unexpectedly.Activity 1 A. exert pressure on Match the phrasal verb with its meaning. B. try harder 1. If you bear down a little, C. be patient you will graduate this year. D. endure 2. Whenever we got in trouble, my brother had to bear the brunt of the blame. E. accept the most blame or responsibility 3. The government will bear down on drug traffickers. F. have to do with 4. This information has no bearing on the case. 5. I didn’t think he would bear up so well in that situation. 6. Please bear with me while I finish my homework.Activity 2 Fill in the blank with the correct preposition chosen from the list.up on down with down on1. The motorists had to bear ___________ the inconvenience.2. Study this closely. It might have a bearing ________ your research.3. Give it a try. If you bear _____________ a little, you will make it.4. Liza had to bear _______________ my grandma’s ire for our mischief.5. The government had to bear ____________ manufacturers of pirated CD’s and DVD’sActivity 3Fun with wordsWant to have some fun with words while developing your reflective thinking? Do this exercise.Look closely at the words and lines in each item. Reflect on them and guess what expression they stand for. The first is done for you. 26

STAND Answer: I understandINotice that the pronoun I is under the word stand. Can you now guess what it stands for?The answer is I understand.Now try these.1. R / E / A / D 4. YOU/ ME2. ME / REPEAT R3. DECI / SION 5. CROSS A DSelf-checkActivity 1 4. f 5. d 6. c 7. a 1. b 2. e 3. g 4. up 5. down onActivity 2 2. on 3. down 1. withActivity 3 1. Read between the lines 2. Repeat after me 3. Split decision 4. Between you and me 5. CrossroadWrite ThingActivity 1 Choosing a topic When you write a composition, the first thing you need to think about is, of course, the topic.List three or four possible topics for writing about persons who have been a positive influence or rolemodel for you. Think about each person you wrote down. Ask yourself these questions:  Will I enjoy writing about him/her?  Will the reader be inspired by his/her life?  Does the person possess admirable qualities?  Do you have enough ideas for the person’s profile? 27

Now, choose the person you will write about.Activity 2 Plan your writing. Making a web will help you plan and organize your ideas. Write your topic in the middlecircle. Then put the main ideas in circles around it. Add circles for details that connect to each mainidea. TOPIC Now think of a good order for your main ideas. Number the parts of your web in that order.Activity 3 Drafting Now is the time to get your ideas down on paper by writing your first draft. Don’t worryabout mistakes at this point.Activity 4 Revising Don’t be satisfied with your first draft. Even the best writers revise their work twice or thriceor even more. Reread and revise your writing, using the revising checklist as a guide. REVISING CHECKLIST  Have I stated my main ideas clearly?  Have I given enough details and support?  Have I made my character descriptions sharper by comparing and contrasting the characters?  Should I leave out anything?  Does the closing sum up the focus idea? 28

Activity 5 Proofreading This time, pay attention to details. Read your revised profile carefully. Check and correct forspelling, punctuation and capitalization.Activity 6 Publishing and Sharing After the revised draft you are now ready to give your composition a title. Think of a goodtitle. Make a clean copy and submit your piece to your teacher.Posttest You started this module with a pretest. Do you remember your score? Answer this posttestand compare your score in the pretest.I. Vocabulary. Choose the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.1. While the children gathered in front of Mr. Dun’s store and played noisily, Liz would be quietly helping out in his store, ever since she had been a grave, seven-year old girl.A. happy B. shyC. lonely D. serious2. Liz tries to avoid her mother’s reproachful eyes upon her. She had been neglecting her family duties.A. sad B. accusingC. tired D. sleepy3. Can you bear with me for a few more minutes?A. help B. listen toC. be patient D. work withII. Making inferences/Drawing Conclusions. Read the story and answer the questions that follow. 29

Christopher considered himself quite an adventurous person. He enjoyed exploringunknown places and camping in the woods behind his house. Now and then, Christophermanaged to persuade one of his friends to camp out with him, but most of his friends preferredindoor activities. “I wish I had some friends who liked the outdoors as much as I do,”Christopher thought. Christopher’s mother has suggested several times that he join the Boy Scouts. “Maybethey go camping,” she offered. “I thought about that, but the only place I see the Boy Scouts isin the cafeteria after school,” Christopher replied. “I don’t want to sit around the cafeteria allafternoon.” His mother shook her head. “Suit yourself,” she said. A few weeks later, Christopher passed through the school cafeteria while the Boy Scoutswere having one of their meetings. The boys were sitting in small groups, talking excitedly andreferring to their manuals. “Probably discussing some new Boy-Scout rule,” thoughtChristopher, but he slowed down as he was passing one of the tables. He heard one of theScouts say, “We’ll need cables, too, and helmets. I think we can rent them at the wildernessstore downtown.” Another Scout exclaimed, “I never knew it took so much equipment to gorock climbing!”4. What was Christopher’s problem?A. He enjoyed the outdoors .B. His friends did not share his interest.C. He didn’t want to join the Boy Scouts.D. His mother asked him to be a Boy Scout.5. What conclusion had Christopher already drawn about Boy Scouts?A. They were not interested in outdoor activities.B. They were adventurous too.C. They hold meetings regularly.D. They discuss some new Boy Scout rule.6. What evidence did Christopher use to draw his conclusion?A. They would sit around the cafeteria.B. They always hang out at the cafeteria after school.C. That was the only place he ever saw them.E. All of the above7. Was Christopher’s conclusion valid?A. Yes B. No C. Can’t tell8. What makes his conclusion valid or invalid? A. Boy Scouts are honest and helpful. B. They obey the Boy Scout Laws. 30

C. They can be depended upon in times of danger.D. He will ask his friends to join the Boy Scouts too. 9. What will Christopher do next? A. He will go camping alone. B. He will rent equipment for rock climbing. C He will join the Boy Scouts. D. He will ask his friends to join the Boy Scouts too. 10. Where will the Boy Scouts get their equipment for rock climbing? A. buy from the wilderness store B. borrow from their friends C. rent them at the wilderness store D. ask the Boy Scout Council to provide them with the equipment 11. What is the author’s point of view? A. first person B. limited third person C. third person omniscient 12. When is a story told from the omniscient point of view? A. The story is told from the point of view of the narrator. B. The narrator is a minor character in the story. C. The narrator knows the thoughts of all the characters. D. The story reveals the thoughts of one character who is not telling the story.III. GrammarChoose the correct verb form13. Marie (A. brings B. brought C. will bring D. is bringing) her paycheck to the bank yesterday.14. She (A. put B. puts C. is putting D. are putting) all her money into herchecking account.15. She and her husband (A. open B. opened C. is opening D.are opening) a joint account two years ago. 31

Self-checkI. Vocabulary1. D 2. B 3. CII. Reading Comprehension4. B 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. CIII. Grammar13. B 14. A 15. B Now compare your score in the posttest. Write the score you got in the pretest. Did you dobetter? That’s great. You’re now ready to move on. In this module you’ve realized the value of reflecting on what you’ve learned. Now you’reready to move on to the next module. 32

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Very much) (Just fine) (Not so much because)What I liked best? 33

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Module 6 Reflecting on an Informative ArticleOverview “All things bright and beautiful.” Indeed, we live in a beautiful world. Godgave us the most wonderful of all planets as ourhome. There is so much on earth that delights us—delicious food, pleasant birdsong, fragrant flowers,verdant rain forests, deep blue seas and oceans, andbright hills and mountain peaks, to mention but afew. Unfortunately, not everyone has come toappreciate and care for Nature’s bounty. Man’sgreed and irresponsibility are ruining our planet.The air we breathe, the water we drink and the landour food is grown are being polluted. It is soserious that scientist Barry Commoner warned: “Ibelieve that continued pollution of the earth, ifunchecked, will eventually destroy the fitness ofthis planet as a place for human life.” What can and must we do now that our very own existence -- and that of our children andour children’s children-- is threatened? Are we willing to take an active part in the global battle tosave our planet? To what extent? This module will help you consider these questions. Learning about the earth’s plight isimportant, as a Senegalese ecologist points out: “In the end, we will conserve only what we love; wewill love only what we understand; and we will understand only what we are taught.” Likewise, this module will introduce the K-W-L Strategy, a learning technique that you canuse in understanding informative articles such as those found in your Science and Social Studiestextbooks. Have fun! 1

Objectives After working on the activities in this module, you will be able to: 1. choose from several meanings that which fits context; 2. determine social issues addressed in an informative article; 3. identify cause-effect relationships; 4. ask and answer different types of questions intelligently; 5. use the simple future tense effectively in making suggestions, queries, and requests; 6. express concern for the environment through a slogan or poster; 7. do a concept map and write a journal entry; 8. discover a new way of learning informational literature.Instructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answer against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest. Now do the pretest. Do your best!Pretest The following pretest aims to determine what you know about the lessons covered in thismodule. Try to answer the questions as best as you can. 2

I. Reading/Vocabulary Read the paragraph carefully, then complete the sentences that follow it. Write only the letterof your answer in your notebook 1) Enthusiasm is the electricity of life. 2) You are not enthusiastic until you make it a habit.3) Enthusiasm is natural. 4) It is being alive, taking the initiative, seeing the importance of what youdo, giving it dignity and making you do something important to yourself and others.1. The word in the paragraph which means eagerness to do something is __________.A. enthusiasm B. electricity C. initiative D. importance2. When one takes the initiative, he takes _____________.A. a backward step C. the opening moveB. an inspiring plan D. a wrong doing3. One can naturally develop enthusiasm by ____________.A. acting enthusiastically until it becomes a habit.B. observing closely people who are enthusiastic.C. pretending to be enthusiastic all the time.D. reading books about enthusiasm.4. “Seeing the importance of what you do and giving it dignity” means ___________.A. boasting about your achievements.B. doing important things first.C. taking your job for granted.D. giving your best in whatever you do.II. GrammarA Dialog Claudia is telling her best friend, Arjay, about her father’s forthcoming visit. Complete thedialog between the two by changing the verb in parentheses to the simple future tense. 3

CLAUDIA: Guess what, Arjay! My father (1)____________ (come) home from Saudi Arabia next week.ARJAY: That’s good news. How long (2)_________he_________ (stay)?CLAUDIA: One month, I suppose. He and Mom (3)___________(celebrate) their silver wedding anniversary this month.ARJAY: Hmm, (4)____________ there_______ (be) a party? I hope you (5)____________ (invite) me. After all, I’m your best friend, right?CLAUDIA: Of course, I will. But nothing is definite yet. We (6)______________ (plan) everything when Daddy comes.ARJAY: What do you think (7)_________ he __________ (bring) you this time?CLAUDIA: I’m hoping it (8)_____________(be) a gold necklace. I mentioned this to him in my last letter.ARJAY: I’m sure you (9)_______________(get) what you want.CLAUDIA: You bet! But the most important thing is that we (10)_____________ (be) together again.Self-check Here are the answers to the questions. I hope you got all of them right. But if not, don’t fret.This is just a pretest to determine your strengths and weaknesses, so we would know the focus of thelessons. The answers will become clearer as we take up the activities in the module.I. Reading/Vocabulary 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. DII. Grammar1. will come 6. will plan2. will stay 7. will bring3. will celebrate 8. will be4. will be 9. will get5. will invite 10. will be 4

Your Score: How did you fare in the pretest? If your score is 12-14, that’s good. If your score is low, don’t worry, this Module will help you improve your reading and language skills.Words Unlocked Look at the words used in the sentences below. You will encounter them in the selection youare to read later. Read the sentences carefully, then choose the word or group of words that bestcompletes each sentence. Are you ready?1. Plastic cups and Styrofoam are examples of non-biodegradable materials. Non-biodegradable things cannot beA. seen B. digested C. broken down2. If you don’t find a job soon, your family will die of starvation! Starvation meansA. hunger B. pain C. sicknessSelf-checkWhen you read and you come across a word you don’t know, you can often figure out its meaning byusing its context. Context for an unknown word is the overall sense of the words and ideas thatsurround it. Let’s see if you were able to get the meanings of the italicized words based on their context. 1. C. Plastic cups and Styrofoam are examples of materials that cannot be broken down. 2. A If the head of the family has no income, he won’t be able to buy food for the family. They may die of hunger. Did you get perfect? Congratulations!Reading Adventure No doubt you have enjoyed reading the stories and experiences discussed in the first fivemodules. But reading informational articles such as those in your Science and Social Studiestextbooks can be a real challenge, right? Well, take heart! Reading these materials need not be a boring, meaningless exerciseanymore. On the contrary, it can be a very rewarding and enjoyable way of interacting with others,particularly the writer. 5

One strategy that you can use in reading and learning from content-area materials is the K-W-L Strategy (What I Know-Want to Know and Actually Learned) by Ogle (1963). The steps are easy.Just do the activities that follow.Pre-ReadingActivity 1 Look out of the window and gazed around. Do you like what you see? Many, many years ago, a man went out into the world to have a look around. He was somoved by what he saw that he wrote a poem about it. It goes this way: Father, We Thank Thee For flowers that bloom about our feet, For tender grass, so fresh, so sweet, For song of bird and hum of bee, For all things fair we hear or see, Father in heaven, we thank Thee. For blue of stream and blue of sky, For pleasant shade of branches high, For fragrant air and cooling breeze, For beauty of the blooming trees, Father in heaven, we thank Thee. What did the man see that moved him so and for which he thanked Father in heaven? Make asketch in your notebook. Use the format below. What kind of world did he live in at that time? _________ ______________________________________________ 6

Today, another man went out into the world and had a look around. He, too, was so movedby what he saw that he came up with this drawing: Now answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. What, do you think, did the man see that made him draw such a sad picture? Write the letter of all possible answers. A. Children playing in the afternoon sun B. A garbage-filled city C. A beautiful garden D. Men cutting down trees E. Black smoke from factories F. Rivers clogged with all sorts of garbage 2. What does the illustration mean? A. A patient is terribly sick and needs to be operated on. B. Planet Earth is experiencing a lot of environmental problems. C. Someone is obviously very unhappy. D. The earth cannot support the needs of its population. 3. To whom is the illustration addressed? A. To adult individuals B. To young people C. To all the people in the world D. To disabled persons 4. What is his purpose? A. To make people realize that they are affected by environmental problems and move them to action. B. To enhance his imagination and develop his artistic talents. C. To keep himself busy, as he has nothing else to do. D. To comply with his commission to produce works of art depicting nature. 7

Self-check It’s time to find out how well you fared in Activity 1. Check your answers and see if youagree with the explanations.. 1. B. A garbage-filled city D. Men cutting down trees E. Black smoke from factories F. Rivers clogged with all sorts of garbage The man who undoubtedly cared for the environment lamented its destruction by some irresponsible people. 2. B. Planet Earth is represented as a patient in serious condition because it is experiencing a lot of environmental problems at present. 3. C. To all the people in the world The earth is our home, so all of us must help solve its problems. 4. A. The purpose of the poster is to make people realize that they are affected by environmental problems and move them to action. Now, you are ready to proceed to the next activity.Activity 2 What environmental problems does the world face today? Write your answers in yournotebook following the format below: K (What I Know)Activity 3 Now that you have put down what you know, pause and think. What more do you want toknow about planet Earth’s problems? Write these in the form of questions in your notebook. W (What I Want to Learn) 8

While-Reading You are going to read an article entitled “Save Planet Earth” by Mailin Paterno. See if someof the questions you wrote in Activity 3 are answered by the article. As you read, pause now andthen to process what you read and to reflect on how you are involved. Note the questions raisedbetween sections as well as the concept maps. They will help you process the text. Before you read, pay attention to the following incomplete graphic organizer. It will give youan outline of the whole article. Name the three problems that it tackles. Write them in the blankboxes below the title. Then write their causes, effects and solutions in the boxes provided. It isunderstood that you will copy the diagram in your notebook. MOTHER EARTH’S PROBLEMSCAUSES EFFECTS SOLUTIONS EFFECTS SOLUTIONS EFFECTS SOLUTIONS Save the Earth! by Mailin Paterno“Who, me?” you say. about it. Or maybe we did, but it was not enough. And I will answer, “Yes, you.”Because when you were born, we And so, “yes, you.” Because thisadults already knew what would is a beautiful world, and it workshappen if we kept on consuming amazingly well, so long as we don’t upsetenergy the way we were consuming its systems too much. And you can help.it, if we cut down trees at the ratethat we were cutting them down, if But you must promise to rememberwe kept throwing out non- one thing. We are all human beingsbiodegradable garbage carelessly, if together, and everything we do affects thewe kept on polluting our waters. But next person, affects the Earth, affects ourlook at our world now. It’s exactly children, the plants and animals, and theirthe way we knew it was going to be, children, too.because we didn’t know anything 9

Now, pause and think and answer these questions:1. Why is there a need to save the earth?2. Why is there a need for everybody to get involved in the campaign to save the earth?3. What could happen if we didn’t do our part?When Saddam Hussein spilled all that oil would instead find heavy black oil. And oilinto the Gulf and created that huge oil slicks take years to clean up.slick, he affected the lives of hundreds ofsea birds. You probably saw it on TV— That’s just one dramatic example.the birds with all that black gook on them, Probably far more damage is causedweighing them down so much that they everyday by regular people like you andcouldn’t fly and would eventually die of me. But maybe if we are aware of thestarvation. He affected the lives of the consequences of our habits, we will bemammals of the water, the dolphins and able to change them without too muchthe whales, the great sea turtles, all the effort, and that would be saving the Earth.animals who would come up for air butPause again to answer the following question about what you have just read:4. The oil spill is an example of how one man can harm the environment. Plot its effect on the environment in your notebook by using the following format. Saddam’s oil spill________________________________________________________________________ So how about getting a group together to do an ecology project? This article will start you offwith a few backgrounders and suggestions, but you can do your own research and think up your ownprojects. It will be a lot of work, but it will also be fun, and definitely worthwhile.AIR POLLUTIONHere’s the Situation: Ever since the Industrial Revolution, people in Europe and North Americahave been burning coal to produce heat, and to power factories. In London in the 1950’s, the air waspolluted each winter with a mixture of smoke and fog called smog. Sometimes, people died frombreathing the smog in the streets.10

Today, we burn smokeless fuels and oil instead ofcoal, so there is not much smoke in the atmosphere. Butthere are more people in the world, and we have come torely so much on oil and other fossil fuels that we can’t helpusing them. Power stations burn coal to make electricity, andproduce a gas called sulphur dioxide. Cars produce fumesand nitrogen oxide gases. You may have seen the smokebillowing out of factory chimneys, turning the air aroundthem a dirty gray-brown. All these gases react with each other in complicated ways in the air. Sometimes the gases canget into rain clouds, where they get mixed in the rain or snow. This is called acid rain, and in someparts of the world, in Germany and Sweden, for instance, it is killing forests. Acid rain is alsoharmful to plants, and may contaminate lakes and rivers, and the creatures that inhabit them. Sometimes these gases form a layer around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat the way glasswarms a greenhouse. The best known greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, and it is produced whenpeople breathe, and when we burn fuel. Plants use up carbon dioxide, so the more forest trees we cutdown, the more carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere.Pause once more, copy the boxes in your notebook, and consider this question:5. What are the causes and effects of air pollution? Write them in the first two boxes.CAUSES EFFECTS SOLUTIONSWhat can we do? Read on. Our Mission: Reduce air pollution! We obviously can’t simply stop using our cars orrunning our power stations and factories. And we certainly can’t stop breathing! But we canminimize the pollution and take measures to control it. How we can help: 1. Plan our car trips. Sometimes we zigzag to and from the different endsof the city because we don’t plan properly. Better still, organize car pools. And even better, if you’renot going too far, and if the road is not dangerous, ride a bike. 2. Use light bulbs wisely. One-tenth of the energy a light bulb uses is converted into light.The rest becomes heat. If a 100-watt bulb is on for half a day every day for a year, it can use enough 11

electricity to burn almost 400 pounds of coal. Burning the coal to light the bulb will release nearly athousand pounds of gases that cause acid rain. Is it worth it? Lucky for us, there is an alternative. Fluorescent bulbs use less energy and last longer. If youneed to use incandescent bulbs, keep them clean. Dusty bulbs use up more energy than clean ones.Pause a 4th time to answer the following question:6. What is our goal and what can we do to achieve it? Write it in the graph for Solutions above. After accomplishing it, read about the next problem._________________________________________________________________________________THE GARBAGE PROBLEMHere’s the Situation: Think of the thrash you throw away each day—the candy wrappers, paper,styrofoam boxes, plastic cups and bags, soda cans, and everything else. Would all the garbage fill upone regular-sized thrash can? Let’s say it does. And let’s say further, that each person throws out thesame amount of thrash. Multiply that by the number of people who live in your house, and then byseven, for the days of the week. How much trash is that per city? And where does it go? Garbage is collected once or twice a week and taken to a garbage dump. Problem is, we’rerunning out of dumping sites. Many of them are full. Some of them are just mountains of exposedgarbage which is also dangerous to our health.Our mission: Cut down the amount of garbage we make. It’s not impossible, in fact, it’s easier thanyou think. It’s really all a matter of making a conscious effort.How we can help: 1. Recycle things. Save plastic bags and use them again. Use cloth rags, whichcan be washed, instead of paper towels or tissue paper. Collect bottles, old newspapers and papers,and instead of throwing them away, sell them to the “dyaryo-bote” man. 2. Try to avoid using too much non-biodegradable stuff, like plastic and styrofoam. Theseare permanent garbage and will never be part of the Earth again. If people brought their own bayongor baskets to market or to the grocery, for example, we would use fewer plastic bags.Make another pause and answer these questions:7. What problems result from the production of too much garbage? Write the answer in yournotebook using the format below. too much trash8. What is our mission about the garbage problem? State it in your own words. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 12

9. Name three ways by which we can help solve the garbage problem. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Let’s check what the next problem is.DEFORESTATIONHere’s the Situation: Half of the world’srainforests have disappeared in the last forty years.Rainforests now cover only 7% of the Earth’ssurface. Rainforests all over the world are being cutdown at the rate of 40 hectares per minute. If wekeep going at this rate, the experts say, the world’srainforests will disappear in the next 40 years. Rainforests are cut down for many reasons.that they have to cut down trees to clear land forfarming. Loggers cut down trees to sell, often toother countries. What happens when trees are cut down? Although rainforests occupy only 7% of theEarth’s surface, they are home to 50-80% of theworld’s plant and animal species. When they arecut down, these plants and animals lose theirhabitats and may become unable to survive. Tree roots also keep water in the ground.Without plants and trees, the water would not godeep into the soil but would simply run off theground. The result: drought, or, when the rainfallis very, very heavy and continuous, deforestationwould cause mud-slides.Make another pause to answer these questions in your notebook:10. Why are trees cut down?11. What happens when trees are cut down? Complete the graphic organizer below: 13

When trees are cut down…Plants and animals _____________ Water will _______________________________________________ ____________________________They will ____________________ This will cause __________________________________________ __________________________Is there anything we can do? Continue reading.Our mission: Keep the Earth green!How we can help: 1. Every little bit counts. Plant seeds in your backyard. Take care of the littleplants and watch them grow. When they are bigger and ready to be transplanted, you can begin aneighborhood greening program. Plant them wherever you can get permission to plant them. Theywill need little care, but you might want to see that they get enough water. 2. Be a paper saver. It takes years for a tree to grow enough to be cut down and made intopaper. We throw away pounds of paper every day – if we could change that old paper into newpaper, we wouldn’t have to kill so many trees! Save the used paper in your house—those you would normally throw away. Do not includeshiny paper or paper with plastic on it, you can’t recycle that. When you have collected enoughpaper, sell it to the “dyaryo-bote” man or junk shops.Pause for the last time to answer these questions in your notebook:12. How can we keep the earth green?13. Do you think the government should ban logging altogether? Why or why not?Self-check Whew, that was a bit long, wasn’t it? Now let’s have a look at your answers. After comparingyour answers with the key, answer the question: Are you happy about the results? 1. There is a need to save the earth because its systems are being upset too much. We definitely would not want to lose the only home we have. 14

2. Everything we do affects others, the earth, and the whole environment. The survival of the human race depends on everyone’s willingness to join efforts to save it.3. The planet will soon become unfit for life.4. Hundreds of sea birds that were affected by the oil slick would eventually die of starvation. Saddam’s Water mammals like dolphins, whales and sea turtles would oil spill not have clean air to breathe. It will take many years before the oil slick gets cleaned up.5. CAUSES EFFECTS 1. Burning of fuels 1. Acid rain and oils which destroys plants and 2. Power stations contaminates that produce rivers sulfur dioxide 2. Global warming 3. Cars that give or trapping of off nitrogen the sun’s heat oxides 4. Factories that give off smoke6. SOLUTIONS Reduce air pollution. 1. Plan car trips. 2. Ride a bike. 3. Use light bulbs wisely.7. We are running out of dumping sites. Many existing dumping sites are full. too much Exposed garbage can cause health problems. trash8. Our mission is to do our best to reduce the amount of trash we make every day. This could help in the global effort to solve the garbage problem. 15

9. We can do this by recycling plastic bags and other usable garbage. We can collect used paper and bottles and sell them. We can also avoid using too much non-biodegradable materials.10. Trees are cut down to clear land for farming. Trees are also cut down so they can be sold locally or to other countries.11. When trees are cut down…Plants and animals will lose Water will run off the ground.their habitats.They may die; they may even This will cause either drought orbecome extinct. mud-slides.12. We can plant seeds and trees and take care of them. We can also save paper.13. The government does not have to ban logging altogether. Since the population is growing we may need more land for farming. Likewise, we need to cut down trees for industrial purposes. Officials just need to impose strictly laws against illegal logging. Logging firms must plant trees to replace those that they cut down. This will ensure a safer world for all of us.Post-ReadingActivity 5 That must be one of the longest exercises you have done so far, right? But, I hope you agreethat it is very timely and practical. Now try to recall what you learned from the article and write it inyour notebook by following the format below. What I Actually Learned 16

Did you notice the three steps in the K-W-L Strategy? They are as follows: 1. Recall what you know about the topic you are going to read about. Write this down. Relate it to new information you may get. 2. Ask yourself: What more do I want to learn about the topic? Write them in the form of questions. 3. After reading the selection, put down what you actually learned from your reading. If you follow these steps whenever you read informational articles, you will find the activitymore enjoyable and purposeful.Write Thing Now that you have come to know more about the problems concerning the environment, doyou think you are in a better position to help the movement towards saving Planet Earth? Good. Butwouldn’t it be better if others would learn about these, too, so that they can also help? In what waycan we inform other people about them? Try to do any of the following: 1. Write a slogan that expresses your feelings towards the Earth and its preservation from further peril. Make it brief, direct-to-the point, and catchy. 2. Create a poster on the theme: Save Planet Earth, It’s the Only One We Have. 17

Self-check 1. If you made a slogan, ask yourself the following questions: a. Is it short, direct-to-the-point, and catchy? b. Does it express a clear stand on the preservation of the earth? c. Is it appealing to the reader? Does it move him to take action? 2. If you made a poster, check that you followed the following criteria: a. Does it clearly depict the theme: “Save Planet Earth, It’s the Only One We Have”? b. Is it creative and appealing to the viewer? c. Does it move him to join the movement towards saving planet earth?Language Focus In the previous modules you have learned to express past and present actions. But what if theaction is yet to take place? Consider the following dialog.Activity 1 Dan and Ray are classmates and friends. Read their conversation during recess and take noteof the underlined words. Then answer the questions that follow.DAN: Hey, Ray! Shall we go to the mall after classes?RAY: Not today, pal. Mom will pick me up right after Math. I will accompany her to the doctor.DAN: Oh, is she sick? I hope it’s nothing serious.RAY: No, just a routine check-up. I’m sorry I can’t go with you as planned.DAN: That’s all right. We shall not be able to see Tom Cruise’s movie just yet. How about tomorrow?RAY: That will be fine. I will meet you at McDonald’s Car Park at 4:00 pm., okay?DAN: Great! I won’t be late, I promise. See you then. 18

Now answer the following questions: 1. Why can’t Dan and Ray go to the mall after classes? 2. What kind of son is Ray? 3. What won’t the two friends be able to do on that day? 4. When and where will they meet for the trip to the mall? 5. What kind of action do the underlined words express? A. on-going action B. habitual action C. action that will take place at some definite future time D. action that is going on when another action takes placeSelf-check Did you understand the dialog? Find out by checking your answers. 1. Ray’s mother will pick him up. They will go to the doctor. 2. Ray is a thoughtful and selfless boy. He is ready to sacrifice his leisure to accompany his mother to the doctor. 3. The boys won’t be able to see Tom Cruise’s movie. 4. They will meet at McDonald’s-Car Park at 4:00 p.m. the next day. 5. C. action that will take place at a some definite future time.Generalization The simple future tense is used to express action that will take place at some definite future time. It is formed by using: will/shall + the base form of the verb if the sentence is affirmative. will not/shall not + the base form of the verb if the sentence is negative. Examples: I will accompany her to the doctor. I shall see you tomorrow. We shall not see a movie today. I won’t be late. 19

Now do the exercises that follow.Activity 1 Expressing Intentions What will you do in each of the following situations? Answer in complete sentences using thesimple future tense. The first one is done for you. 1. Your classmate is very talkative. _____I will advise him to keep quiet______________________________ 2. Your friend has a black eye. ____________________________________________________________ 3. Your sister is short of money. ____________________________________________________________ 4. You find a wallet on the way to school. ____________________________________________________________ 5. The house next to yours is on fire. ____________________________________________________________Activity 2 Responding to Suggestions/Queries Respond to the suggestions/queries like the example given. Example: Shall we go to SM together? Yes, we’ll go there together. We’ll leave in thirty minutes. 1. Shall we go out despite the rain? Yes, _________________________________________________________ 2. Shall I accompany you? No, thanks. I___________________________________________________ 3. Why don’t you consult a doctor for your cough? Yes, _________________________________________________________ 4. Shall I turn off the television? No, thanks. ____________________________________________________ 5. Will the guests come today? Yes, __________________________________________________________Activity 3 Requesting and Making an Offer The first sentence is a request. Respond to it as in the example given. Example: Look how dirty the kitchen is. Shall I clean it? 20

1. Look how messy the living room is. Shall we________________________________________________________2. Look how bare the bulletin board is. Shall I _________________________________________________________3. Look how old the table looks. _______________________________________________________________4. Look how untidy the classroom is. _______________________________________________________________5. Look how disorderly the laboratory is. _______________________________________________________________Self-checkActivity 1 Here are some possible courses of action, given the situations cited. They are not the only possible correct answer. You may check your answer as long as you used the simple future tense. If you get 4-5, give yourself a treat for a job well done. If you got three or less, a little review will do the trick. 1. I will ask her to keep quiet./ I will tell my teacher about the problem. 2. I will take him/her to the clinic/doctor. 3. I will lend her some money. 4. I will return the wallet to the owner./ I will take it to the Lost-and-found Corner. 5. I will call the fire department./ I will tell my family to evacuate to a safer place.Activity 2 Now check your responses to the suggestions and queries. Like in Activity 1, the answers may vary. You may check your answer as long as you used the simple future tense. 1. Yes, we shall go out. We will bring an umbrella. 2. No, thanks. I will have to go alone. 3. No, thanks. I will watch the evening news. I’ll turn it off later. 4. Yes, they will be here this afternoon. 5. No, they won’t. They will arrive tomorrow morning. Activity 3 Here are some possible responses to the requests. 1. Shall we tidy it up? 2. Shall I decorate it? 3. Shall I paint it? 4. Shall I clear it up? 5. Shall I tidy it up? 21

Activity 4 The Future Tense with If clausesStudy the following sentences.If an opportunity comes, I will not let it pass.(if-clause) (main clause)If I see someone in need, I will help him wholeheartedly.(if-clause) (main clause)You will feel joy when you help others. (main clause) (when-clause)When you help the needy, you will please God.(when-clause) (main clause)Generalization: When the main clause is in the simple future tense, theconditional if-clause and the when-clause used as adverbialexpression of time are in the simple present tense.Now try these exercises:A. Complete each sentence by adding a clause with a verb in the simple future tense.1. If I work hard, _________________________________________.2. If we save money now, __________________________________.3. If I obey my parents, ____________________________________.4. When you leave, _______________________________________.5. When we are honest, ____________________________________.B. Complete the following dialog.Danniel : If you win a million pesos, what will you do?Ada Marie : ___________________________________________________Danniel : Won’t you __________________________________________Ada Marie : I don’t think ________________________________________Danniel : Why not? ___________________________________________Ada Marie : ___________________________________________________Danniel : I see. By the way, when you are already that rich, __________ ___________________________________________________Ada Marie : ___________________________________________________Danniel : Really? ____________________________________________ 22