English 2

(5) The kerosene lamp’s yellow flame “We shall repay you for whatever you can doflickered ceaselessly. The dank smell of food, for us, compadre. It’s true we already oweof fish broth particularly, that had been spilled you for many things, but your comadre and Ifrom many a bowl and had dried on the form, will do all we can indeed to repay you.”now seemed to rise from the very texture ofthe wood itself. The stark truth about their (9) Reading the last sentence and realizingpoverty, if Julio’s nature had been sensitive to that he had made mentioned of his wife, Julioit, might have struck him with a hard and recalled that during the very first month aftersudden blow then; but as it was, he just looked their arrival from Tablas they had receivedabout the room, even as the smell assailed his five cavans of rice from Ka Ponso and thatnostrils, and stared now at the mosquito net, later he had been told that at harvest time henow at Jose as he lay there by the door. Then should pay back twice the number of cavans.he continued with his letter. This was usurious but was strictly after the custom in those parts, and Julio was not the(6) “This boy Jose, compadre,” he went sort who would have thought of Ka Ponso ason, “is quite an industrious lad. If you can anything else than his compadre spiritual, asonly let him stay in your big house, compadre, they called it, a true friend.you can make him do anything you wish - anywork. He can cook rice, and I’m sure he’ll do (10) Suddenly he began wondering howwell washing dishes.” Jose would move about in Ka Ponso’s household, being unaccustomed to so many(7) Julio recalled his visit to Ka Ponso’s things there. The boy might even stumblehouse about three months ago, during the over a chair and break some dishes. He fearedfiesta. He had seen that it was a big house of for the boy.many servants; the floors were so polished youcould almost see your own image under your (11) “And I wish you would treat Jose asfeet as you walked; and always there was a you would your own son, compadre. You mayservant who followed you about with a piece beat him if he should commit some wrong, andof rag to wipe away the smudges of dirt which indeed I want him to look up to you as ayour feet had left on the floor. second father.”(8) “I hope you will not think of this as a (12) Julio felt he had nothing more togreat bother, “Julio continued, trying his best say, and that he had written the longest letterto phrase his thoughts. He had a vague fear in his life. For a moment the fingers of histhat Ka Ponso might not favorably regard his hand felt numb, and this was a funny thing,letter. But he wrote on, slowly and steadily, he thought, because he had scarcely filled thestopping only to read what he had put down. page. He sat back again and smiled to himself. 9

Again, you are directed to answer the questions first before moving on to the final stage of thestory. Here are the questions for paragraphs 5-12.4. In paragraph 5, what kind of family lives in this place?a. poor b. ignorant c. primitive5. What Filipino value is shown in paragraph 8?a. pakikisama b. utang na loob c. ningas kugon6. In paragraph 11, what kind of father is described?a. trustful b. submissive c. caring7. As you read paragraph 12, you can conclude that the person described.a. is not used to writing letters.b. does not know how to write letters.c. has never written letters.8. What kind of person is Ka Ponso as described in paragraph 9?a. indifferent b. usurious c. sympathetic Now, continue on reading the last part of the story. Pay close attention to themessage it wants to convey.(13) About six o’clock the following (17) “And take good care of the carabao,”morning, a boy of twelve was riding a carabao Julio added. I’ll come to town myself in a dayalong the river-bed road to town. He was a or two to get that carabao back. I just wantedvery puny load on the carabao’s broad back. to get through first with the planting.(14) Walking close behind the carabao, the (18) Then Julio started to walk back to hisfather accompanied him up to the bed of the house, thinking of the work that awaited himriver. When the beast hesitated in crossing the in his clearing that day. But he thought ofsmall rivulet that cut the road as it passed a something more to tell his son, and so heclump of bamboo, the man picked up a stick stopped and called out to him again.and prodded the animal. Then he handed thestick to the boy as one might give a precious (19) “And that letter,” he shouted, “Give itgift. to Ka Ponso as soon as you reach town. Then be good, and do everything he asks you to do.(15) The father did not cross the stream but Remember, everything.”only stood there by the bank. “Mind to lookafter the letter,” he called out from where he (20) From atop the carabao, Jose yelled,was. “Do you have it there, in your shirt “Yes Tatay, yes,” and rode away. A stand ofpocket?” abaca plants, their green leaves glimmering in the morning sun, soon concealed him from(16) The boy fumbled for it. When he had view.found it, he said, “No, Tatay, I won’t lose it.” 10

(21) Fastened to his saddle was his bundle his shirt pocket. He stopped his carabaoof clothes and a little package of rice, food for under a shady tree by the roadside.his first week in town. It was customary for (23) A bird sang in a bush nearby. Joseschool boys from the barrio or farm to provide could hear it even as he read the letter,themselves in this simple manner; in Jose’s jumping from word to word, for to him thecase, although he was going to live at Ka dialect was quite difficult. But as the meaningPonso’, it could not be said that his father had of each sentence became clear to him, heforgotten about this little matter concerning experienced a curious exultation. It was asfood. though he were the happiest boy in the world and that the bird was singing for him. He(22) Thinking of his father, Jose grew heard the rumbling of the stream far away.suddenly curious about the letter he carried in There he and his father had parted. The world seemed full of bird song and music from the stream.The final set of questions follow. Answer them as best as you can.Who are the characters referred to by the underlined words?9. “And take good care of the carabao. I’ll go to town myself in a day or two, to get the carabao back. I just want to be through first with the planting.10. As the meaning of each sentence become clear to him, he experienced a curious exultation. It was as through he were the happiest boy in the world and that the bird was singing for him.11. What must the father be feeling, as you read through paragraph 18-19? a. worried about his son b. disappointed with his son c. afraid of the boy12. What did the father want the boy to be?a. obedient b. kind c. humble13. In the following line, how does the person feel?“As the meaning of each sentence become clear to him, he experienced a curious exultation.The world seemed full of bird songs and music from the stream.”a. surprised b. inspired c. victorious14. Why did Jose feel happy after reading the letter? a. because he was going to study again b. because he would stay in town with Ka Ponso c. because he realized how much his father loved him. 11

15. Which of the following best describes Jose?a. patient b. humble c. obedient16. What is the focus of the story? a. love for education b. usurious practice in the country c. condition of tenant-farmers in the PhilippinesPost Reading Arrange the following events as they appeared in the story. Use letters A to D._________ 17. He felt very, very happy when he understood what the letter meant._________ 18. On his way to town, Jose read the letter of his father to Ka Ponso._________ 19. Julio wanted his son, Jose, to receive his elementary education, so he wrote a letter to Ka Ponso._________ 20. The father accompanied his son up to the riverbend.Self-check Go over your answers to questions 1-20. Let us see how well you understood the selectionyou have just read. Pre reading Paragraph 1 (2 pts.) The story happened in June, sometime ago. It was in Barok. Julio’s family had come from Tablas. He is a tenant farmer. (b) 12

Paragraph 13 Jose is twelve years old. He went to town on a carabao’s back ( c )Paragraph 17 He had to finish planting the fields. ( b )Paragraph 23 He felt ( a ) excited and happy.Reading Proper 5. b 9. Julio 13. b 6. b 10. Jose 14. a 1. Ka Ponso 7. a 11. a 15. c 2. b 8. b 12. a 16. a 3. a 4. aPost-reading 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. BYour Score 25 points is Excellent!20-24 is Very Good!15-19 is Good!10-14 is Fair! 9 and below suggests that you go back and read the selection again, then follow the same process. 13

Language Focus Often the use of appropriate modifiers can do much to make a listener or a reader know howsomething looks, feels, sounds or smells. This lesson will help you decide on the best word modifiers to make your sentence clearer andmore interesting.Activity 1 Change the following words to adjectives by using the correct suffixes.1. sleep _______________ 8. create_______________ 15. force_____________2. benefit ______________ 9. origin_______________3. glory _______________ 10. help ________________4. bounty ______________ 11. odor ________________5. response ____________ 12. patriot _______________6. temper ______________ 13. quarrel _______________7. rely _________________ 14. profit ________________Activity 2 Fill in the blank with an adjective formed from the word before each sentence.sulfur 1. The picnic resort boasts of its _____________ waters.force 2. Make your voice more ________________________ .profit 3. Baking can be a ________________ hobby.scandal 4. What a _____________ outfit she is wearing.law 5. The Philippine National Police vows to weed out _____________ elements ofbounty society.advantage 6. We are expecting a ______________harvest.power 7. Being a college graduate is __________________.create 8. Hitler was a ________________ leader.identity 9. Don’t imitate; be _________________.help 10. They are _________ twins. They look very much alike.observe 11. The child in the picture looks so ______________.cure 12. Small children are very _____________________.insist 13. Many forms of cancer are ___________________.symbol 14. I didn’t accept his invitation but he was _________. 15. The three stars in our flag are _______________________. 14

We make use of adjectives to modify a noun or a pronoun. They are sometimesformed from nouns and verbs by adding suffixes such as the following:____ able comfortable ____ ic heroic____ ible responsible ____ ish childish____ al natural ____ ous adventuruous____ ary imaginary ____ y cloudy____ an Asian ____ ar nuclear____ ory compulsory ____ ant defiant____ ful beautiful ____ ive impressive____ some troublesomeSelf-check 9. original 10. helpful Activity 1 11. odorous 12. patriotic 1. sleepy 13. quarrelsome 2. beneficial 14. profitable 3. glorious 15. forceful 4. bountiful 5. responsive 9. creative 6. temperamental 10. identical 7. reliant 11. helpful 8. creative 12. observant 13. curable Activity 2 14. insistent 15. symbolic 1. sulfuric 2. forceful 15 3. profitable 4. scandalous 5. lawful 6. bountiful 7. advantageous 8. powerful

Activity 3On your notebook, write the correct adjectives for the sentences that have choices. Many books have 1. (less, fewer) characters than “Ivanhoe” does. Often we see in2. ( those, them ) books a 3. (kind of a, kind of) dearth of characters. But Scott was4. (more generous, more generouser ) that the authors of 5. ( those, them ) books. There aremore characters in “Ivanhoe” than in 6. ( any, any other) book I know. In his descriptions, itseems to me, Scott is 7. (more careful, more carefuller ) than 8. ( any, any other ) novelist tomake his readers see the 9. (sort of a, sort of ) person each character is. Apparently he had10. ( a, an ) unusual awareness for small details which help to make 11. ( a, am)character real. If a character looks 12. ( beautiful, beautifully ) at the tournament, or if she feels13. ( sad, sadly ) at the sight of 14. ( a, an ) injury, each detail is given. We find in Scott aclever and 15. ( a, an, no article ) accurate author.Activity 4 Rewrite the following sentences, placing the phrase and clause modifiers in theparenthesis in correct position. Example : The man is a lawyer. (with an attaché case) The man with an attaché case is a lawyer.1. The lady is a professor. (with the beautiful hairdo)2. The lecture was cancelled. (on Philippine music)3. Did Tony get tickets? (for the basketball game)4. Where are the paper napkins? (that I bought)5. The girl looks worried. (in green)6. The people enjoyed the concert. (who came)7. The knives are sharp. (that are in the drawer)8. We met interesting people. (who work in television)9. He puts the letters in this folder. (that he has answered)10. This is about the best book in the library. (that I have read)11. The news is depressing. (about the Hacienda Luisita strike)12. The method of heat transfer is different. (in solids and fluids)13. The electric fan needs repair. (which is on the stand)14. The house is theirs. (which is at the corner)15. The woman is my teacher. (who is holding an umbrella) 16

Degrees of Comparison Adjectives have different forms to show degrees of comparison: positive - when notused to compare, comparative – used to compare two things, and superlative – used tocompare three or more things. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEslow slower slowestdisagreeable more disagreeable most disagreeablegood better best Modifiers of one and two syllables are formed using -er or more to form thecomparative degree, and –est or most to form the superlative degree. However, for three or more syllables, use more or most to from the comparative andsuperlative degrees, respectively.For phrases and clauses, the adjectival phrase always follows the noun being modified.Example: the money in the box the man beside the door - the adjectival phrase in the box follows the noun money - beside the door modifies the manSelf-checkGo over your answers to Activities 3 & 4 and check it against the following key:Activity 3 9. sort of (proper expression)1. fewer (comparative) 10. an (followed by vowel)2. those (demonstrative) 17

3. kind of (correct sequence) 11. a (followed by consonant)4. more generous (comparative) 12. beautiful (positive)5. those (demonstrative) 13. sad (positive)6. any other (other choice) 14. an (followed by vowel)7. more careful (comparative) 15. an (followed by vowel)8. any (not particular)Activity 41. The lady with a beautiful hairdo is a professor.noun phrase modifier2. The lecture on Philippine music was cancelled.noun phrase modifier3. Did Tony get tickets for the basketball game? noun phrase modifier4. Where are the paper napkins that I bought ? noun clause modifier5. The girl in green looks worried.noun phrase modifier6. The people who came enjoyed the concert.noun clause modifier7. The knives that are in the drawer are sharp.noun clause modifier8. We met interesting people who work in television. noun clause modifier9. He puts the letters that he has answered in this folder. noun clause modifier10. This is about the best book that I have read in the library. noun clause modifier11. The news about the Hacienda Luisita strike is depressing.noun phrase modifier12. The method of heat transfer in solids and fluids is different. noun phrase modifier13. The electric fan which is on the stand needs repair.noun clause modifier14. The house which is at the corner is theirs.noun clause modifier15. The woman who is holding an umbrella is my teacher.noun clause modifier Let’s see your score. Count the number of correct answers you have on Language Focus,Activities 1-4. If you got 60 pts. - that’s EXCELLENT 50 - 59 - Very Good 40 - 49 - Good 30 – 39 - Fair 18

29 and below suggests you have to study harder, go back and review the activities.Write Thing Write a short but catchy advertisement or commercial for the following products.Example: Wash-ever My secret detergent Lotion So soft, so gentle to your skin.Best Fries Fries en ch er DMaynsdecrureftf oil Q u en ch er LOotuiotn cooking oil shampooEveryday Expressions:Choose the correct idiom from the pool to complete the thought of the sentences that follow.give in - surrendergive away - give for freegive up - stop tryinggive–and–take – an exchange, equal termsgive out – used up1. He decided to ___________ after his second attempt to pass the bar.2. It has to be a ____________ relationship between a husband and wife, for marriage to succeed.3. The organizers are willing to _______ the materials because the participants paid for them.4. It was easy to _____________ to her whims because she’s too lovely to be rejected.5. The figurines on the table are for _____________ after the wedding. 19

Self-check 1. give up 2. give-and-take 3. give out 4. give in 5. give awaysYour Score A perfect 5 – is Excellent, 4- is Very Good, 3 – is Good, 2 - is fair and 1 means studyharder.PosttestI. Reading Read the selection very carefully. Answer the questions that follow. If you have a hard timeanswering questions, try to go back to the selection and you’ll definitely find the answer. 20

There are approximately 20, 000 species of bees. They can be divided into two main groups –social bees and solitary bees. Social bees live in colonies, while solitary bees live alone. Most kindsof bees are solitary. Social bees live in colonies that have as few as 10 or as many as 80, 000 members. Manybees seem to have more highly developed societies than other species. At the heart of the hive is thequeen. The queen may lay as many as 2,000 eggs a day – about one every 43 seconds. No wonder,laying eggs is the queen’s only job. But each of the 80,000 has its duty to fulfill. The forager bees encounter the perils of the outside world to collect food. The guard beesprotect the hive entrance form intruders. The undertakers remove dead bodies from the hive. Thewater collectors moisten the hive to regulate humidity. The plasterers take charge of repairs inside.Then, the fanners send scent signals to lost or disoriented bees of any danger outside. On the other hand, solitary bees sometimes gather in a small area and build their nests closetogether. There are no workers and each female is like a queen that does her own work. She buildsher own nest and stores pollen and nectar in it. There are different kinds of solitary bees. The carpenter bees build their nests in branches with the female digging a tunnel where sheputs pollen and nectar at the bottom and lays egg. The leaf cutting bees cut out pieces of leaves andpack them into small nests in tunnels. The mining bees dig tunnels in the ground, then each femaledigs a short tunnel in the side walls, providing it with pollen and nectar, and lays an egg on the food.The mason bees, however, build their nests in decaying wood or in small shells, with one kindstrengthening the shell using saliva and small bits of stone, and the female lays an egg that she coverswith dried grass, twigs or pine needles. Finally, the cuckoo bees do not build their own nests. Theyalso cannot provide food for the young because they do not have pollen baskets on their hind legs.1. What word in the first paragraph could be replaced by the expression, “more or less?”A. divided B. colonies C. solitary D. approximately2. In paragraph 3, what word is synonymous to dangers?A. perils B. encounter C. intruders D. disoriented3. What about the word which could refer to those entering without permission?A. intruders B. collectors C. guard D. encounter4. What are the two main groups of bees? C. social and solitary A. social and alone D. carpenter and leaf cutting B. forager and undertakers5. Who is responsible for laying eggs?A. guard B. forager C. queen D. mason6. Who leads a disoriented bee back to its hive?A. plasterers B. fanners C. undertakers D. guards7. What human value could very well describe the behavior of bees? 21

A. teamwork B. industry C. polite D. organized8. Choose the best title for the selection. A. Bee Sting B. Types of Bees C. Bees and their Roles D. Being Like BeesII. Languagea. Choose the letter of the correct arrangement of the single word modifiers of the underlined nouns.1. apples: 1. crunchy 2. California 3. red 4. two dozen 5. large A. 45132 B. 41532 C. 42513 D. 432512. road : 1. the 2. narrow 3. country 4. open 5. dusty A. 15324 B. 14523 C. 13452 D. 124533. girl: 1. tiny 2. very 3. cute 4. baby 5. a A. 54132 B. 52143 C. 52314 D. 513244. trees: 1. acacia 2. very 3. spreading 4. tall 5. several A. 52341 B. 54312 C. 53421 D. 524315. car: 1. blue 2. a 3. German 4. fast 5. very A. 24531 B. 25413 C. 21543 D. 23451b. Choose the letter of the best sentence arrangement. 1. A. The boy lent his generous classmate his red new ballpen. B. The generous boy lent his classmate his new and red ballpen. C. Generous, the boy lent his new classmate his red ballpen. 2. A. The angry young man changed his faded shirt for a new one. B. The young angry man changed his shirt for a new faded one. C. The angry faded man changed for a new one his young shirt. 22

3. A. In the literacy contest won a junior student the first prize. B. A junior student in the literacy contest won the first prize. C. A junior student won the first prize in the literacy contest.4. A. On the blackboard, the difficult question could not answer the exhausted student. B. Exhausted, the student on the blackboard could not answer the difficult question. C. The exhausted student could not answer the difficult question on the blackboard.5. A. The pretty girl looking out of the window had a new book in her hand. B. Looking out of the window, the pretty girl in her hand had a new book. C. The new girl looking out of the window had a pretty book in her hand.6. A. Down the dusty long road walked the old tired man. B. The tired old man walked down the long dusty road. C. The old man tired walked long down the dusty road.7. A. That novelty pin is an expensive object of great value. B. Of great value that novelty pin is an expensive object. C. The expensive pin is a novelty pin of great value.8. A. Many exciting incidents has a science fiction novel. B. Exciting incidents has many a science fiction novel. C. A science-fiction novel has many exciting incidents.9. A. The angry owner of the car complained to the police officer at the station. B. At the police station the owner of the car complained to the angry officer. C. To the police officer the angry owner complained at the station of the car.10. A. The water in the winding long river shone in the moonlight. B. In the moonlight, the long water in the winding river shone. C. In the moonlight, the water in the long winding river shone.c. Write the letter of the appropriate form of adjective inside the parentheses.1. My handwriting is ( A. best B. better C. good ) than yours.2. That was the ( A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult ) test we had for years.3. Benedict is the ( A. intelligent B. more intelligent C. most intelligent ) child Iknow.4. That decision was the ( A. ridiculous B. more ridiculous C. most ridiculous )decision he ever made.5. Failing in high school could be the ( A. bad B. worse C. worst ) nightmare inhis life.6. The road was ( A. narrow B. narrower C. narrowest ) than we expected.7. Sarah feels ( A. sleepier B. sleepy C. most sleepy ) in the morningthan at night. 23

Before we do the Self-check, stop and reflect for awhile. Write down your answers on yournotebook. Let us now go over your posttest and see whether or not you have learned substantially in thismodule.Self-check refer to sentence 1 refer to sentence 1I. Reading refer to sentence 2 refer to paragraph 1, sentence 2 1. D - refer to paragraph 2, sentence 4 2. A - refer to the last sentence of paragraph 3 3. A - as suggested by the bees having specific jobs to do 4. C - as suggested by paragraph 1 5. C - 6. B - logical to follow is the size (large) 7. A - logical to follow is the size (narrow) 8. B - logical to follow after very is cute, not tiny logical to follow after very is tall, not spreadingII. Language logical to follow is very a. 1. A - the other sentences have dangling 2. D - modifiers 3. C - 4. D - 2 things compared; my and your handwriting 5. B - comparison of all tests taken for years comparison of all children known to the speaker b. 1. B comparison of all decisions made 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. A c. 1. B - 2. C - 3. C - 4. C - 24

5. C - comparison of all nightmares one ever had6. B - comparison of the first expectation with the actual7. A - comparison made; night or night sleepiness If you got a total of 30 correct responses, that is a PERFECT SCORE. Excellent !Congratulations ! 25 - 29 is Very good! 20 - 24 is Good 16 - 19 is Fair 15 and below means, you are not quite ready to proceed to the next module. You have to go back and find out how you can improve your score. Yes, we need one another for no man is an island. You may want to be alone sometimes, butit is always best to have a friend or people to share your worries and your dreams with. The next module will teach you more on being concerned with people. 25

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Reflective Journal Name : _____________________________________ School :______________________________________  What did I think or feel about working together? Why?  What different learning experience did I have in this module?  What was particularly significant for me while reading the text? Why?  How will I apply what I have learned to actual life situations? 26

Module 5 Being Concerned About PeopleOverview When people speak of being concernedabout others, what comes foremost to your mind?Remember how happy and lighthearted you feelevery time someone says, “I know you care becauseyou’re concerned and that really matters.” Showing concern to others sounds great!But when and how do you do it? Can you think ofsome ways to put it into action? Think about howyou act to show concern as you come in contactwith others. Do you think, feel and say, “Let’s talkabout it and do something”? This is one of thebiggest challenges you have to face so what’s thekey? It’s so simple! You’ll find that this moduleoffers grand ideas, which can help you to be on toprate in showing concern about others. You’ll alsobe able to answer some if not all of the questionsmentioned above.Objectives After studying and working on all the activities in this module, you will be able to: 1. agree/disagree to assertions made 2. clarify meaning of words through clues 3. interpret meanings, traits, feelings, motives based on actions, words and values presented 4. use two-word verbs with cut 5. use special expressions that signal agreement or disagreement 6. use gerunds in giving advice, suggestions 7. state intentions, wishes, plans and feelings by using gerunds 8. write a reaction to an advertisement 1

Instructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answers against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest. Good luck!!! You are now ready for the next part. Let’s try this one!PretestI. Hunt for eight words which suggest being concerned about people. Trace the letters horizontally, vertically, diagonally, backwards or any other way to form eight words. Write your answers in your notebook.1. _______________ S ROGN I RACS PXD2. _______________ HXRXRXSXRS TRH3. _______________ AP P REC I AT I NGE4. _______________ RXGECGA I NGEXL5. _______________ I RR S NR SML R P X P6. _______________ NGN I T R O FMO C D I7. _______________ GRXON PMLKG FXN8. _______________ SOS ROSOOTH I NG L XGN I E B CDNMRX GN I DNAT S REDNU 2

II. Read the following expressions in speech balloons. Find out which expresses concern about people and which does not. Write C if the sentence shows concern to people and write N if it does not. She makes me That’s none of feel important. your business!_____ 1. _____ 3. Tell me about it. Count me out! It will surely I don’t care. help you._____ 2. _____ 4. We feel it is our duty to feed hungry people. _____ 5. III. Read the following article. Then choose the letter of the expression that best completes each sentence after the article. 1.) What is more wonderful from the feeling that we become stronger every time we move closer to others as we try understanding, helping, caring, comforting, supporting and living harmoniously with them? 2.) Understanding people means living harmoniously with them. 3.) It’s absolutely right that young persons have much need for being concerned not only with themselves and members of their families but also with the rest of society. 4.) Well, it follows that not only the youth but all of us must cut out from the idea of serving only ourselves. 5.) The point is showing concern to these “other” people, next to observing them on the streets, in church, on buses, in offices, in the fields, on the farms, awake or asleep, working or resting, being good or being bad, needing help or giving services – is one good way of making us feel that we need each other’s support and care.1. The main point of the article is ______________. A. young people are much concerned only about themselves. B. we need each other’s help. C. being concerned about other people gives a wonderful feeling. D. understanding others is one best way of showing concern for people.2. The sentence that best supports the main idea is number _____________. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 3

3. “Living harmoniously” as used in Sentence 2 suggests that we live to ______________.A. accept others as they are C. associate only with the adultsB. coordinate and unite with others D. serve only ourselves4. As used in the article, one expression that shows agreement is ______________.A. absolutely right C. the point isB. more wonderful D. well5. Cut-out as used in Sentence 3 means to ______________.A. depart B. display C. limit D. reduce6. The word “understanding” in Sentence 1 is an example of a/an ______________.A. gerund B. infinitive C. participle D. verb7. The writer’s attitude on being concerned about people is one of ______________.A. appreciation B. gratitude C. selflessness D. support8. The main purpose of the writer is to ______________.A. describe a situation C. inspire peopleB. make a stand about an issue D. tell a storySelf-checkCheck your answers against these answers.I. Here are the expressions which illustrate showing concern to people (in any order) 1. appreciating 5. loving 2. caring 6. sharing 3. comforting 7. soothing 4. helping 8. understandingII. 1. C  The feeling of importance makes the speaker comfortable. 2. C  The speaker is ready to listen and this shows concern for others. 3. N  The speaker is excluding herself from any obligation. 4. N  The speaker doesn’t want to be involved. 5. C  The feeling of concern and care are clearly expressed by the speaker.III. 1. C  The whole article focuses on being concerned about “other” people. 2. D  Sentence 5 enumerates some possible ways of showing concern about other3. B people.4. A  “coordinate” and “unite” are two words which bring out harmony.5. A  expression “absolutely right” signals agreement.6. A  “cut out” as used in Sentence 3 means “to depart.”  “understanding” is a verbal noun (V + ing) and is specifically used as a subject of the sentence.7. A  The whole article clearly shows how the writer appreciates the idea of being concerned about other people.8. C  The writer shares an inspirational message. 4

Your Score:You surely feel great now, don’t you? If you got a perfect score, you’re simply fantastic. If your score is 18-20, that’s great. If it is 10-17, you need to study more. If it is below 10, all the more, you need to improve.As you continue working on this module, you may go back, read and re-check your answers over afew times.You will do some activities now.Reading AdventurePre-reading You believe in the importance of being concerned about people, right? Let’s read what otherssay about this. The passage you’ll read is entitled “An Open Attitude of Goodness.” Based on the title, whatquestions do you think will likely be answered in the passage? Choose the questions from the listbelow and write them in your notebook. 1. What are the keys in showing concern for others? 2. What is an open attitude of goodness? 3. When is the right time to exercise open attitude of goodness? 4. What does open attitude of goodness require from us? 5. Who will be benefited if we practice this? 6. How can we show our concern for others? 7. Why do we need to have an open attitude of goodness? 8. Where can we find a man with an open attitude of goodness?While Reading Read the passage and find out if the questions you chose are answered in the text. Put an X onthose which are not answered or touched in the passage. 5

An Open Attitude of Goodness Caring for and helping others are times of need, understanding theirthe prime keys of showing concern activities, attitudes and behavior,to others. We can start showing giving allowances to their mistakes,concern to others by serving them making them feel important in ourwith an open mind and an open lives, listening to their wishes,attitude of “goodness”. This open whims and intentions, encouragingattitude requires us to be closer to them to go on, guiding them topeople and we can show it in small follow the right path are somebut meaningful ways. Greeting them practical and easy ways that workwarmly with a smile, helping them in wonders.Self-checkThe questions answered in the passage are the following: 1. What are the keys in showing concern for others? 4. What does open attitude of goodness require from us? 6. How can we show concern for others?Post Reading Read the passage again. Write brief answers to the three questions. Be sure to write completesentences.Self-check 1. The keys in showing concern for others are caring for and helping others. 4. An open attitude of goodness requires that we become closer to others. 6. We can show concern for others by: - greeting others warmly - helping others in time of need - understanding their actions, attitudes and behavior - giving allowance to their mistakes - making them feel important - listening to others - guiding them 6

Pre-reading Read the following expressions inside the heart. Copy in your notebook at least ten words orexpressions which you are likely to meet in the next selection entitled “Seeing With the Heart.” selfish florist blind care lucky happiness bag depress heart I love you Thank you beauty positiveSelf-checkAll of these expressions are mentioned in the text. They may come in any order.1. care 6. heart2. lucky 7. blind3. happiness 8. selfish4. positive 9. depression5. I love you 10. Thank youWords Unlocked Study the number and letter code below. Using it, write the words described in the boxes inthe puzzle. It is understood that you will copy the crossword puzzle in your notebook. 1=E 7=O 13 = U 2=I 8=D 14 = V 3=A 9=P 15 = Y 4=T 10 = R 16 = X 5=N 11 = L 17 = F 6=S 12 = G 18 = C 7

Description e x a g g e r at e d1. overstated  (1+16+3+12+12+1+10+3+4+1+8)2. time without end  (1+4+1+10+5+2+4+15)3. opposite of what is being said (2+10+7+5+2+18+3+11+11+15)4. sympathy  (9+2+4+15)5. feeling down  (8+1+9+10+1+6+6+2+7+5)6. thankful  (12+10+3+4+1+17+13+11)7. dream  (14+2+6+2+7+5)Note: The first letter of each word is given. 1E 3 I 2 E 6G 5D 7V 4PSelf-check Does your crossword puzzle look exactly like this? 1E 3 I X R 6G A 2E O 5D R GT N GE I E A 7V ERC PT I R N A 4P RE S AI L I EF I T T L T S UO EYYY S LN 8

Maybe, you are ready for another puzzle. Try this one. Complete the following question bysupplying the missing words. Each missing word is written in back-to-front style. As the years rolled (1) D R A W N O , do you find (2) F L E S R U O Y more (3) C I T E H T A P M Y S and (4) T N A R E L O T , with higher (5) E C N E R E V E R for the (6) E R A F L E W of your fellowmen?Self-checkHere are the missing words.1. onward 3. sympathetic 5. reverence 6. welfare2. yourself 4. tolerant Therefore, the question should read: As the years rolled onward, do you find yourselfmore sympathetic and tolerant, with higher reverence for the welfare of your fellowmen?Let’s move on!While Reading Read the article entitled “Seeing With The Heart” by Barbara Jeanne Fisher. Find outhow the preceeding question is answered in the selection. Seeing with the HeartNothing in life is so hard that you can’t make it easier by the way you take it. -Ellen Glasgow I was blind! It was only for six children again. I had spent so much timeweeks, but it seemed an eternity. feeling sorry for myself that when the nurse announced I was getting a roommate, I was far During that time, I was in Columbus from excited. Ironically, I didn’t want anyonehospital, very scared, very alone, and to “see” me this way. Like it or not, within aextremely homesick for my husband and five short time, my roommate moved into the bedkids. I am sure that darkness exaggerated these on the other side of the room. Her name wasfeelings even more. I spent hours, even days, Joni.wondering if I would ever be able to see my 9

Despite my best efforts to dwell in self- held me in his arms, let me cry, and tried topity, I almost immediately started liking Joni. make my dark world a tiny bit brighter.She had such positive attitude, was alwayscheerful, and never complained about her own After he left, I heard Joni stirring in herillness. She often sensed my fear and bed. When I asked her if she was awake, shedepression and somehow convinced me that I said, “Don’t you know how lucky you are towas lucky not to be able to see myself in the have so many people loving you? Yourmirror during this time. My hair was a mess husband and kids are so beautiful! You are sofrom lying in bed for a week, and I had gained lucky!”several pounds from the cortisone IV’s. Jonicould always get me to laugh at her crazy At that moment, I realized for the firstjokes. time that during our weeks together in the hospital, Joni hadn’t had a husband or child When Joe, my husband, came to visit, visiting her. Her mother and minister camehe sometimes brought all five kids with him. occasionally, but they only stayed a very shortCan you imagine dressing five kids under six time.years old? It often took hours to find ten shoesand socks that matched. I had coded the kid’s I had been so wrapped up in myself, Icloths in those days, and all you had to do was hadn’t even allowed her to confide in me.match a Pooh Bear top with a Pooh Bear From her doctor’s visits, I knew she was verybottom, and your child was in style! Well, Joe sick, but I didn’t even know with what. Once,didn’t know this, so the kids came to visit in I heard her doctor call her illness by a longquite a mixture of costumes. After they were Latin name, but I had never asked what itgone, Joni spent hours telling me what each meant. I hadn’t even taken the time to inquire.one had worn. Then she read to me all the I realized how selfish I had become, and Ilittle “I love you’s” and “Please get well soon, hated myself for it. I turned over and started toMommy’s” from the cards they had brought. cry. I asked God to forgive me. I promised theWhen friends sent fresh flowers, she described first thing the next morning, I would ask Jonithem to me. She opened my mail and told me about her illness, and I’d let her know howhow lucky I was to have so many friends. She grateful I was to her for all she had done forhelped me at mealtime to find my mouth with me. I’d tell her that I did indeed love her.the food. Again, she convinced me that just forthe moment perhaps, I was lucky that I I never got the chance. When I awokecouldn’t see the hospital food! the next morning, the curtain was pulled between our beds. I could hear people One evening, Joe came alone. Joni whispering nearby. I strained to hear what theymust have sensed our need to be alone; she was were saying. Then I heard a ministerso quiet I wasn’t sure she was in the room. repeating, “May she rest in eternal peace.”During his visit, Joe and I talked about the Before I could tell her I loved her, Joni hadpossibility that I might never see again. He died. assured me that nothing could I learned later that Joni had come to the change his love for me, and hospital for that very reason. She knew when that somehow, no matter she was admitted that she would never return what, we would always have home. Yet she had never complained and had each other. Together we spent the final days of her life giving hope to would continue to raise our me. family. For hours, he just10

Joni must have sensed her life was That night, I awoke from a deepending that last night when she told me how sleep. As I lay in bed, I realized Ilucky I was. After I had cried myself to sleep, could vaguely see the brightness of theshe had written me a note. The day nurse read tiny light along the baseboard. Myit to me that morning and when my vision later vision was coming back! Only a littlecame back, I read it time and again: bit, but I could see! My friend, Yet even more important, for Thank you for making my last days the first time in my life, I could also see with my heart. Even though I so special! I found great happiness in never knew what Joni looked like, I am our friendship. I know that you care sure she was one of the most beautiful for me, too, “sight unseen.” people in the world. Sometimes to get our full attention, God must knock us down, or at least I have lost my vision several make us blind. With my final breath, I times since, but thanks to Joni, I will pray that you will soon be seeing never allow myself to “lose sight” of again, but not especially in the way the important things in life… things you think. If you can only learn to see like warmth and love and sometimes with your heart, then your life will be even sorrow. complete. Barbara Jeanne Fisher Remember me with love, JoniPost Reading Now read and answer the following questions by filling in the blanks with the correctword. Copy the puzzle in your notebook and write your answers inside the boxes.Questions: 1. Why was the narrator feeling sorry for herself? She was _______________. 2. Who taught her a meaningful lesson in life? It was _______________. 3. What did Joni say to her about living a complete life? “If you can only learn to see with your _______________ then your life will be complete.” 4. When did the narrator realize how selfish she had become? It was when Joni told her how _______________ she was to have so many people loving her. 11

5. How did she react to what Joni taught her about care and love for others? Barbara was so _______________ to Joni for all she had done for her. 6. According to Joni, who must knock us down sometimes to get our full attention? It is _______________. 7. For the narrator, which is more important than her vision? She could see with her _______________. 8. What did she say about important things in life? There are three important things in life like warmth, love and _______________. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Self-check Did you fill up your puzzle in this manner? If so, you’re doing great. Continue. 1B L I N D 2J O N I 3H E A R T 4L U C K Y 5G R A T E F U L 6G O D 7H E A R T 8S O R R O W 12

Making a Character Wheel One way to understand the characters in a story better is to think about what they say, do,think, and feel. A special way to do this is to create a character wheel like the one below. Joni and Barbara Now, think about the character’s major traits or characteristics. Choose two to three traits ofJoni and Barbara that you think are important and fill in the character wheel. Choose from the boxbelow. • being concerned about others • caring • loving • cheerful • convincing • friendlySelf-check Check if your Character Wheel is the same as the one below. concern caring for others Joni and Barbara loving 13

If so, you’re on the right track. Move on for more challenging activities. Look back through the story to find details that show the traits in your character wheel. Copythese details that go with each trait. Write them on the wheel between the spokes. One detail isgiven. detailsconcern for others read letters caring details for me details Joni and Barbara lovingSelf-check If your character wheel is similar to the wheel below, you’re terrific. Congratulations! detailsconcern for others read letters caring details for me. details Listened to me * sense Joni my need and * helped Barbara at mealtime * pray for me * convinced me I was lucky loving 14

Move on to the next portion of your module.Language FocusConversation in Context When other people approve of or agree with what you think, feel, say and do, you feel joyous.This is also the time you want others to feel how comfortable you are with them. Most likely you usespecial expressions to signify agreement. What are these expressions? Let’s try this one!Activity 1 Read the following dialog and spot five words or phrases expressing agreement. Copy themon your paper.Elsa: The other night certainly was an interesting one, wasn’t it?Ben: Of course! You enjoyed it, then?Elsa: Immensely. I don’t think I’ve ever been with such stimulating and most caring people.Ben: They are very much concerned about life, aren’t they?Elsa: I was certainly touched! I think it was great!Ben: I find that’s true with me, too.Elsa: Will the group be meeting soon?Ben: That’s for sure.Elsa: Well, let me know when you’re going to meet again. I’d like to join you.Ben: Don’t worry, I feel the same way.Self-checkThese are expressions signaling agreement. 1. Of course! 2. Immensely. 3. That’s true . 4. That’s for sure. 5. I feel the same way. 15

Activity 2 Agreeing/Disagreeing Below are some expressions that signal agreement and disagreement. Decide which onesshow agreement and disagreement and write them in your notebook. Copy words which signalagreement in one box and words which suggest disagreement in another box. Label your boxes.* Right. * Yes, but I’m not sure. * Definitely.* I think so too. * Absolutely. * I’ll have to disagree.* That’s a good point. * I think so too. * I beg to disagree.* That’s not the point. * Isn’t it incorrect? * That maybe true, but…* I believe you, but… * So do I. * Exactly.Self-check Your boxes should contain the same expressions as those below. (Agree) (Disagree) Right. I’m not sure. Definitely. I’ll have to disagree. Absolutely. I beg to disagree. That’s a good point. That’s not the point. I think so, too. Isn’t it incorrect? I believe you. That maybe true, but… So do I. Exactly.Activity 3 Here is an incomplete mini-dialog. Fill in the blank with an expression of agreement ordisagreement from the word pool.RJ: The point is you must hurry to help someone in need.Liza: (1)__________________________________Edda: Something is terribly wrong if you show him you care.Paolo: (2)__________________________________Liberty: Do you believe that serving others makes me feel happy?Sonny: (3)__________________________________ 16

Cris: Our parents are always concerned about us.Josie: (4)__________________________________Rey: (5) __________________________________Vicky: We have agreed to disagree.Words Expressions Pool I disagree with you. How can you disagree with that? That’s a good point You can say that again. But of course I believe that!Self-check Here are the expressions that complete the five dialogs. Liza: That’s a good point. Paolo: I disagree with you. Sonny: But of course I believe that! Josie: You can say that again. Vicky: How can you disagree with that? At this juncture, you will study about constructing good sentences by observing the agreementbetween subject and verb. A basic rule in grammar is that a subject and its verb must agree in number. Here are the rules on Agreement of Subject and Verb:1. A third person singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject and the singular pronounsI and You take a plural verb. He works. They work. I work. You work.2. There is/was is followed by a singular noun; there are/were is followed by a plural noun. There is only one God. There were mistakes in your work.3. The indefinite pronouns, each, either, neither, one, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody,someone, are singular. Everybody is invited. Each student has a book. Is somebody home? Nobody wants to lose. 17

4. The words a few, many, both, several take plural verbs.Many Filipinos go abroad. Both parents are working.5. The number of the subject is not changed by a prepositional phrase after the subject.One of the guests is late. The windows of the house are small.6. When the word none refers to a mass noun, the singular inflection is used; when none refers to aplural noun, either the singular or plural inflection is used.None of the food was eaten.None of the children wants to go home.None of the children want to go home.7. When all and some are followed by a mass noun, the singular inflection is used; when all and someare followed by a plural noun, the plural inflection is used.All of the money was spent. Some of the property was sold.All of the men work hard.8. Nouns plural in form but singular in meaning such as news, series, physics, mathematics, measles,economics take a singular verb.Measles is contagious. No news is good news.Physics is a subject in the fourth year.9. Agreement with a compound subjecta. A compound subject connected by and generally takes a plural verb.Pat and Jake are neighbors.b. Compound subjects that are closely related or that refer to the same person or thing take asingular verb.My friend and neighbor has a new pet.Cake and ice cream was served to the guests.c. A compound subject involving the use of each or every takes a singular verb.Each boy and girl has a partner.d. Compound subjects joined by either-or and neither-nor take singular or plural verbsdepending upon the nearer subject.Either my brother or my sisters are going with me.Either my sisters or my brother is going with me.10. Intervening words like together with, in addition to, along with, as well as, including and similarconstructions following the subject do not affect the number of the subject.Larry, along with his friends, plans to work.The man, not his children, is being accused.11. Words or phrases expressing periods of time, weight, measurement and amounts of money areusually regarded as singular.One million pesos is the first prize. (money)Five years is a long engagement period. (time)Ten kilometers is not really far. (distance)12. Fractions may take singular or plural verbs depending on the of-phrase.Two-thirds of the population speaks English.Two-thirds of the children are in grade school.13. Collective nouns take singular verbs when they are used to denote a unit; they take plural verbswhen used to refer to the individual members of the group.The committee plans to raise funds.The committee are discussing their plans. 18

14. When the subject and the predicate noun are of different numbers, the verb agrees with thesubject, not with the predicate noun.The truck’s cargo in onions. Onions are the truck’s cargo.15. The expression the number takes a singular verb; the expressions a number takes a plural verb.The number of applicant is big. A number of applicants are very young.16. The title of a book, story or article, and the name of an establishment, even when plural in form,takes a singular verb.The Fugitives is a long novel. BSP Enterprises is owned by Mr. Ringor.17. Arithmetical operations take the singular.Two plus two is four. Two minus one is equal to one.Two times three equals six.18. Adjectives used as subjects take plural verbs.The brave are honored.Activity 1. Is or Are?Fill in the blanks with is or are.1. The patient _______________ conscious.2. The bottles of medicine _______________ a bestseller.3. The book of jokes _______________ a bestseller.4. Monday and Wednesday _______________ his busy days.5. My classmate and best friend, Vernie, _______________ here.6. The Lord _______________ our protector.7. Connie or Bernie _______________ the winner.8. Either you or he _______________ going.9. Neither her height nor her features _______________ noticeable.10. The jury _______________ preparing its decision.11. That _______________ all for now.12. These _______________ our expenses.13. Someone _______________ objecting to the plan.14. The Board of Judges _______________ deliberating on the scores.15. Everybody _______________ welcome.16. Many _______________ called, but few _______________ chosen.17. None _______________ absent today.18. The Agony and the Ecstasy _______________ her favorite movie.19. The captain, together with his crew, _______________ abandoning the ship.20. A number of delegates _______________ early.21. The number of enrollees _______________ big.22. Ten pesos _______________ all I have.23. Twenty years _______________ such a long, long time.24. One-third of the pie _______________ for Ruth.25. One half of the delegates _______________ here.26. Both of you _______________ needed in the office.27. The good _______________ rewarded.28. Eight times seven _______________ fifty six. 19

29. A group of employees _______________ asking for a salary increase.30. His pair of jeans _______________ faded.Activity 2. It Pays To Know Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parenthesis. Write your answers in yournotebook.A. Our Continent Asia Asia, the largest of the continents, has an area of more than 44 million square kilometers. It_____1._____ (be) bigger than North America and South America put together. Of all the continents, Asia _____2._____ (have) the greatest contrasts. In the mountain rangeof the Himalayas it _____3._____ (have) the world’s highest peak, Mount Everest. The water-line ofthe Dead Sea, between Israel and Jordan, _____4._____ (be) the lowest point on the earth’s surface. More than half of all the people in the world _____5._____ (live) in Asia. The continent_____6._____ (have) many of the world’s largest cities, including Tokyo, and Peking. About 40other cities _____7._____ (have) several million inhabitants each. Yet vast areas of Asia_____8._____ (be) uninhabited, or very nearly so. Scarcely any people, for example, _____9._____(live) on the steppes’ and in desserts of the central regions. Nine-tenths of the continents’ population_____10._____ (be) crowded together on one-fifth of the land where it _____11._____ (be) possibleto grow crops and build cities and other settlements. Asia _____12._____ (be) often called the Cradle of Civilization because it _____13._____(be) in Asia that men began to develop the skills and ideas on which civilization _____14._____ 9be)build. People also _____15._____ (believe) that Asians _____16._____ (be) the first to constructpermanent houses and settlements. It _____17._____ (be) in Asia that men learned to put copper, tinand iron to use, that the art of writing _____18._____ (be) developed, and that alphabets_____19._____ (be) devised. Paper, gunpowder, and crop irrigation _____20._____ (be) amongother Asian inventions and ideas. And it _____21._____ (be) in Asia that most of the world’s majorreligions had their origin.B. Indonesia1. Indonesia __________ (consist) of more than 13, 600 islands, which __________ (lie) along the equator.2. It __________ (rank) fifth in the population among all countries.3. About three-fifths of all the Indonesians __________ (live) on Java, which __________ (cover) about 70% of Indonesia’s total area.4. The capital __________ (be) Jakarta, its largest city.5. Most Indonesians __________ (be) Malay peoples whose ancestors came from the mainlands of Southeast Asia.6. To help unite the various peoples of Indonesia, the Indonesian language __________ (be) made the official language.7. The great majority of Indonesians __________ (be) farmers who __________ (live) in small villages.8. Life in most the villages __________ (be) controlled by adapt, a system of local customs stressing cooperation. 20

9. Javanese villagers __________ (celebrate) important personal or family events with ceremonial feast called a selametan.10. Many Indonesians, especially those born in Java, __________ (have) only one name, including Sukarno, its first president and Suharto, who became president in the late 1960’s.11. About 90% of the Indonesians __________ (be) Muslims, and about 5% are Christians.C. Malaysia1. Malaysia __________ (be) a tropical land, much of which __________ (be) covered by dense rain forests.2. It __________ (rank) as the world’s largest producer of natural rubber and tin.3. Malays and Chinese people __________ (make) up most of the country’s population.4. Kuala Lumpur __________ (be) the capital and its largest city.5. Malaysia __________ (be) a constitutional monarchy.6. A Parliament __________ (make) the country’s laws, and prime minister and Cabinet __________ (carry) out the operation of the government.7. A king __________ (serve) as head of state, but his duties __________ (be) largely ceremonial.8. Malays __________ (make) up the most powerful group in Malaysian politics, but the Chinese __________ (control) much of the nation’s economy.9. Bahasa Malaysia is used by most of the Malays and __________ (be) the official language.10. The majority of the country’s Malays __________ (live) in rural areas where they __________ (work) as farmers and __________ (live) in settlements called kampongs.11. Most of Malaysia’s Chinese people __________ (live) in cities where they __________ (work) in stores, banks or business offices.D. Thailand1. Thailand’s other name __________ (be) Siam.2. Its official name, in the Thai language, __________ (be) Muang Thai, which __________ (mean) Land of the Free.3. The capital and largest city __________ (be) Bangkok.4. It __________ (be) the only country in Southeast Asia that __________ (have) never been ruled by a European country.5. Thailand __________ (be) a land of rivers, so many people __________ (live) on or near the riverbanks.6. The Siamese cat __________ (be) a native of the region.7. Siamese twins, or twins physically joined together, __________ (be) so named because of a famous pair born in Siam in 1811.8. The Thai people __________ (be) descended from the Mongol stock.9. Few of the people __________ (be) rich, but most __________ (have) comfortable homes and enough food and clothing.10. Each village __________ (have) a wat, a group of buildings used as a religious and social center.11. A favorite sport of the people __________ (be) kite fighting, the object of which __________ (be) to knock the opponent’s kite out of the sky. 21

E. Singapore1. Singapore, a small island country, __________ (lie) near the Southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.2. The name Singapore, which __________ (mean) Lion City __________ (have) been used for the island since 1100. A.D.3. The name __________ (be) probably given because of the many tigers mistakenly called lions in the island.4. It __________ (be) once a British colony, then became a member of the Federation of Malaysia before it became independent.5. The majority of Singapore’s people __________ (be) Chinese; Malays __________ (make) up the largest minority group.6. Singapore __________ ((have) 4 official languages – Chinese, English, Malay and Tamil.7. About two-thirds of the schools __________ (use) English as medium of instruction.8. Singapore __________ (be) a free port, which __________ (mean) that goods can be unloaded, stored and reshipped without payment of import duties.9. Cricket and soccer __________ (be) among the most popular sports.10. The city’s economic activity __________ (help) make Singapore one of the most prosperous countries in Asia.F. Brunei1. Brunei __________ (be) the newest member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN.2. It __________ (be) located on the northwestern coast of Borneo.3. It __________ (be) once under British rule.4. It __________ (cover) an area of 5,765 sq. km. and __________ (have) a 121 km. coastline.5. It __________ (pride) itself for being prosperous despite its small size.6. The city of Bandar Seri Begawan __________ (be) the capital.7. A large majority of people __________ (be) Muslims.8. Brunei __________ (derive) most of its wealth from petroleum, its chief product.9. Other important products __________ (be) rubber and hardworks.10. The sultan, a council of ministers and a legislative council __________ (direct) the government.11. Its sultan, who __________ (live) in a magnificent palace, __________ (be) considered the richest man in the world.Activity 3. Do you know that…1. 1990 __________ (be) the year of the horse in the Chinese calendar?2. A peanut __________ (be) not a nut but a legume?3. There __________ (be) 47 different kinds of headaches.4. It __________ (take) 250 pounds of roses to make an ounce of attar, a perfume base.5. A fish __________ (have) such poorly-developed nervous system it __________ (feel) no great pain when it __________ (be) hooked.6. Roughly two-thirds of the total body weight __________ (be) made up of water.7. The hummingbird’s heart __________ (beat) 615 times a minute.8. The Titanic __________ (be) described as “the unsinkable lifeboat” and “the world’s safest ship” before it sank on its maiden voyage in 1912. 22

9. No ship __________ (be) launched on a Friday.10. the Romans __________ (be) the first people to use silver widely as money.Activity 4. Make four sentences based on the situation given. The first one is done for you.1. The Franistas are a happy family. a. Both parents are hardworking and persevering. b. Neither father nor mother gambles or drinks. c. Either the father or the mother discusses family matters with the children. d. All the children are obedient and diligent in their studies.2. The school basketball team is always losing. a. Either ____________________________________________________________________. b. Both _____________________________________________________________________. c. Neither ___________________________________________________________________. d. All _______________________________________________________________________.3. Marietta and Sylvia used to be friends, but now they don’t see eye to eye. a. Both _____________________________________________________________________. b. Either ____________________________________________________________________. c. Neither ___________________________________________________________________. d. All their classmates _________________________________________________________.4. Mr. Tinio’s restaurant is small but very popular. a. Both _____________________________________________________________________. b. Every ____________________________________________________________________. c. All ______________________________________________________________________. d. None _____________________________________________________________________.Self-checkLet’s find out how you fared. Check your answers against the following.Activity 1. Is or Are?1. is 6. is 11. is 16. are, are 21. is 26. are 12. are 17. is 22. is 27. is2. are 7. is 13. is 18. is 23. is 28. is 14. are 19. is 24. is 29. are3. is 8. is 15. is 20. are 25. are 30. is4. are 9. are5. is 10. isActivity 2. It Pays to KnowA. Our Continent Asia1. is 6. has 11. is 16. were 21. is 12. is 17. is2. has 7. have 13. is 18. was 14. are 19. were3. has 8. are 15. believes 20. are4. is 9. live5. live 10. are 23

B. Indonesia 4. is 7. are, live 10. have1. consists, lie 5. are 8. is 11. are2. ranks 6. was 9. celebrate3. live, coversC. Malaysia 4. is 7. serves 10. live, work, live1. is, is 5. is 8. make, control 11. live, work2. ranks 6. makes, carry 9. is3. makeD. Thailand 4. is, has 7. are 10. has1. is 5. is, live 8. are 11. is, is2. is, means 6. is 9. are, have3. isE. Singapore 5. are, make 9. are1. lies 6. has 10. helps2. means, has 7. use3. was 8. is, means4. wasF. Brunei 4. covers, has 7. are 10. direct1. is 5. prides 8. derives 11. lives, is2. is 6. is 9. are3. was 10. were 7. beatsActivity 3. do you know that… 8. was 9. is1. was 4. takes2. is 5. has, feels, is3. are 6. isEveryday Expressions Surely you know what the word cut means. But combined with prepositions, the wordtakes on another meaning.Here are sentences with two-word verbs signaled by the verb “cut”. Read the sentences inside the hearts. Give the meaning of the italicized expressions.Choose from the word pool below.a. stop d. reduceb. to exclude e. act noisilyc. limit f. thrust oneself between others 24

1. 2. Our best course of action is Life is short, so I don’t want cut down on our expenses and to cut out the opportunity use our savings to help to help others. those in need. ___________ ___________ 4.3. I’m lucky I reached the Don’t cut back on love. cut off score. ___________ ___________5. We were surprised when a man cut in and said, “You make me feel important!” ___________Self-checkLet’s see how you fared. Check your answers against those below.1. limit 4. stop2. exclude 5. interrupt3. reduce 25

Activity Substitute the following underlined words with appropriate two-word verbs. Use cut-back, cutin, cut out, cut off or cut down._________ 1. Why are you in a hurry to stop him from doing good?_________ 2. We don’t need to lessen our good deeds._________ 3. Lonely people exclude themselves from some activities._________ 4. During our meeting someone suddenly interrupted our conversation._________ 6. We put a limit on our social activities during class days.Self-check 1. cut off  means to stop 2. cut back  suggests reduction 3. cut out  means to exclude 4. cut in  means to interrupt 5. cut down  means to put a limitWrite Thing Advertising is everywhere. Television and radio ads bombard your eyes and ears. Magazineor newspaper ads draw you in with pictures and bold words. All these ads have one claim – to grabyour attention and convince you to buy or want something – their product. How do ads do it? They use certain techniques that have proved successful like: their productis the best with facts to support the claim; it promises you health, beauty or comfort; it suggests aproblem and offers to solve it; it quotes a famous person who recommends the product or service.These techniques are always obvious in an ad. In writing reaction to an ad you need to figure out how these techniques are being used to youradvantage.Activity It’s time for you to read the statements below. Find out if you agree or disagree with each.Write your answers in your notebook._________ 1. Ads must present the truth and show concern to consumers._________ 2. Every time I see ads I feel like buying their products._________ 3. Ads quickly turn luxuries into necessities._________ 4. Ads should include truthful information._________ 5. Ads misled consumers instead of helping them. 26