English 2

Activity 2Write the letter of the phrase that does NOT appeal to the same sense as that of the phrase in bold print.1. the grating of cartwheels on the pebbles a. the murmuring haunt of flies b. the crackling of the fire c. vast ridges of forest2. gentle swaying of the reeds a. the eternal note of sadness b. tiny human figures laboring in the distant fields c. curls of smoke rising lazily from farm house chimney3. wet grass between my toes a. dressed in crude and gaudy attire b. completely wet and icy cold c. a grain of sand in the eye4. chocolate, ice cream and apple pie a. tang of salt spray b. many sweet thoughts c ice cold mango juice5. scent of cologne, jasmine and body spray a. pungent like old wine b. acrid fumes of burning wax c. guttural twang of the bull frogSelf-checkNow, check your answers against the key below.Activity11. motion 5. taste 9. sight2. sound 6. touch 10. motion3. smell 7. touch4. sight 8. smell 15

Activity 21. c 3. a 5. c2. a 4. bRead the following.Understanding Figurative Language Writers use words in many different ways. Sometimes they tell what happened very simply.Sometimes to make their meaning clearer, they compare one thing to something else. When they dothis, they are using figurative language. Figurative language gives clearness, force, beauty andmemorableness to ideas and adds effectiveness to one’s speech and writing. Figurative language usesfigures of speech. A figure of speech is any use of words in a sense different from their literaldefinition for clearness, force, beauty and memorableness of expression.The most common figures of speech are:1. Simile. It is a comparison between unlike things that have one quality in common on which the comparison is based. The comparison is indicated by the expression like or as. The ship is like a plough plowing the sea. My love is as red as a red, red rose.2. Metaphor. It is an implied comparison between things essentially different but having one quality in common on which the comparison is built. It is an indirect comparison hence the words like and as are NOT used. Contentment is a pearl of great price.3. Personification. It is a figure of speech that ascribes intelligence or feeling to abstract ideas or inanimate objects. Did you hear the bells laugh and sing?4. Apostrophe. It is a figure of speech in which an absent or dead person is addressed as if he/she were present or alive, or an inanimate object or abstract idea as if it had life. Oh Liberty! How many crimes are committed in thy name.5. Hyperbole. It is an exaggeration made to achieve an effect Rhoda is a mountain of flesh. 16

Activity 1. Recognizing Figurative Language Read each of the five sets of sentences that follow. For each sentence in the set write O if thesentence uses ordinary language and F if it uses figurative language. A. 1. The wind howled like a wounded animal. 2. The wind blew hard and made noises. 3. The wind was a wounded animal, howling in the night. B. 1. When night ends and daylight begins, people become active again. 2. The dawn of day is like the beginning of a play; 3. The curtain of night lifted and we, the actors come on stage once more. C. 1. The grass formed a velvet cushion for her head. 2. The grass felt like velvet when she put her head down. 3. She put her head on the grass. D. 1. He seeks money like a squirrel seeks nuts. 2. He is selfish and greedy. 3. He is a hungry squirrel storing loot for the future. E. 1. When I held the ice, I felt shivers down my spine. 2. The ice cube froze my spine. 3. Holding the ice cube was like lying on a frozen pond.Self-checkCheck your answers against the key that follows.A. 1. F B. 1. O C. 1. F D. 1. F E. 1. O2. O 2. F 2. F 2. O 2. F3. F 3. F 3. O 3. F 3. FPerfect? Congratulations!If you got 10 or higher very good! Keep up the good work.But if your score is 9 or lower please try your best to do better in the exercises to follow.Activity 2 17

See if you can identify the figure of speech used in each of the following lines. Choose youranswers from the box. simile apostrophe metaphor personification hyperbole1. “Rise up from your grave, Rizal!”2. “ The days are green fires...”3. “Girdling my loins is blood rich as milk...”4. “The trees rise to grapple winds”5. “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.”Are you ready for a more challenging activity? Try this.Write the letters of the figure of speech used and the correct interpretation of each passage.1. “Though a paly breedI stand with the ancients for my love and loyalty are as fish to the sea.”a. simile b. metaphor c. hyperboleThe passage means a. I am as loyal and loving as other people. b. I am as loving and loyal to my ancestors as a fish is to the sea. c. The fish is as loyal to the sea as I am to my friends.2. “Where I walk, my shadow is a marriage of flags.”The figure of speech used isa. simile b. apostrophe c. metaphorThe passage means a. My shadow is covered with flags. b. The path I walk is covered with flags. c. I am a product of different cultures. 18

Self-check 3. simile 5. hyperbole 4. personificationActivity 2 1. apostrophe 2. metaphorActivity 3 1. a; c 2. b; c Did you get a perfect score? Kudos to you! You did great! If you got 5 or lower, please try your best to improve in the succeeding activities.Try your hand at writing this time.Write ThingIn your reflective journal write a personal reflection on the topic: What Being a Filipino Means to MeIn the next part of this module, you will learn how to form good questions.Language FocusRead the following passage. I am a Filipino-inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain future.… I must proveequal to a twofold task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the past and the task of performingmy obligations to the future. 19

I am sprung from a hardy race – child of many generations removed of ancient Malayanpioneers …. of brown skinned men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts werestout…. Over the sea I see them come borne upon the billowing waves and the whistling wind,carried upon the mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the new land that was to betheir home and their children’s forever. - excerpt from I Am a Filipino Carlos P. RomuloNow study and answer the following questions. 1. Who is the speaker? 2. What is his twofold task? 3. Where did his ancestors come from? 4. How did they come here? 5. Why did they come here? The foregoing italicized words are question words and the five sentences are informationquestions. Questions asked to secure information are called information questions. They may begin withquestion words such as who, what, whose, when, which, where, why and how or with question phrasessuch as which one, how many, how often or what kind. Because they are asked to get information care should be taken to answer exactly the questionasked. Questions introduced by who, whom or whose are usually answered by the name of persons orby other words referring to persons. Questions introduced by which or what are usually answered bythe names of objects; the question where, by the name of a place; the question when, by wordsindicating time; the question why, by words stating reason; and the question how, by words showingmanner. 20

Study the word order in the following examples. Notice that the question word is substitutedfor the word about which the question is asked. Statement Question Who are you?I am a Filipino. Where did your ancestors come from?My ancestors came from How did they come here? across the sea. What have you inherited?They came here in frail ships.I have inherited a glorious past.Activity 1. Using Question Words Fill in the blank with the correct question word chosen from the bubbles below. You may usea question word more than once. why whichwhat wherewhose how when who1. ________________ did the early Filipinos call their god?2. ________________ did they worship?3. ________________ did our ancestors come from?4. ________________ did the bodies of their anitos look?5. ________________ did they recite incantations?6. ________________ did the Muslims believe in?7. ________________ did the Spaniards come to the Philippines?8. ________________ do you prefer, singing or dancing?9. ________________ ancestors were the Malays who came in 1300 A.D.?10. ________________ did the ancestors of the Muslims come? 21

Self-checkNow, let’s find out how you fared. Check your answers against the key below.1. How or what 6. Who2. What 7. When3. Where 8. Which4. How 9. Whose5. Why 10. WhenPerfect score! Hats off to you!If you got 7 or higher, very good. Keep up the good work!But if you got 6 or lower please try your best to do better in the next activity.Activity 2. Forming Wh-questionsChange the following statements to information questions. Number 1 is done for you. Early Filipinos1. The first inhabitants of the Philippines were the Aetas? Who were the first inhabitants of the Philippines?2. They were supposed to come from Central Asia. Where _______________________________________________3. This happened about 25,000 years ago. When ________________________________________________4. At that time land bridges existed between the Philippines and Asia. What ________________________________________________5. The Aetas lived in dense forests. Where _______________________________________________6. The next people to come to the Philippines were the Indonesians. Who ________________________________________________7. About 2,000 years ago, the second group of Indonesians came. When __________________________________________________________ 22

8. They had dark complexion, thick lips, wide nose and bulky physique. How ___________________________________________________________9. These Indonesians were the ancestors of the Ifugaos. Whose __________________________________________________________10. Three waves of Malay migration took place. How many _______________________________________________________Self-checkNow check your answers against those below. 2. Where were they supposed to come from? 3. When did this happen? 4. What existed between the Philippines and Asia them? 5. Where did the Aetas live? 6. Who were the next people to come to the Philippines? 7. When did the second group of Indonesians come? 8. How did these people look? 9. Whose ancestors were they? 10. How many waves of Malay migration took place?Everyday Expressions Following are idiomatic expressions with keep. Literally, Keep means to retain possession ofhowever, it takes on several meanings when used as an idiom. Study this list.keep at - to continue or persist keep off/out - avoidkeep away from - to not go near or avoid keep on - to continue doingkeep back - to restrain/conceal keep up - continue without stoppingkeep down - to remain at a low levelkeep from - to prevent or stopkeep in mind - rememberSubstitute an idiomatic expression for the underlined word or group or words. 1. Paolo’s mother reminded him to avoid trouble. 2. You did well; continue the good work. 3. Try to control your anger. It was nobody’s fault. 23

4. She persisted doing the work until it was finished.5. Times are difficult, so please see to it that you keep your expenses low.6. Please don’t stand on the grass, it is newly planted.7. Hearing of the funny incident, mother could hardly restrain her laughter.Self-checkWould you like to find out how you fared? Check your answer against those below. 1. keep out of 2. keep up 3. keep back 4. kept on 5. keep down 6. keep off 7. keep back Perfect? Congratulations! If you got a score of 5 or higher keep up the good work! But if you got 4 or lower please try harder in the next exercises.Exercise. Can you now use the idioms with Keep in sentences ? I’m sure you can. So, write yourown sentences in your notebook. Now, you are almost done with this module. To determine how much you have learned fromit, take the posttest.PosttestI. Vocabulary: Using Context CluesWrite the letter of the answer that is closest in meaning to the italicized word.1. Our house is cramped. At night, there is not enough room for all of us to stretch out.a. warm b. poor c. cold d. crowded2. The stone wall was like a snake which writhed across the entire land.a. twisted b. crawled c. continued d. flowed3. His footfalls echoed through the corridor or passage way.a. room b. hallway c. wall d. stair 24

4. Raffy is a gregarious character, always reaching out to others and enjoying their company.a. nature b. ignorant c. sociable d. happy5. The patient succumbed after putting up a heroic, week-long battle against Death.a. fainted b. slept c. cried d. diedII. Identifying ReferentsWrite the word to which the underlined pronoun refers.1. They walked for several minutes along the edge of a deep ravine until they came upon a trail that led down to its bottom.2. The old woman looked at the girl in her muddy dress then turned her heels and went up the path.3. The search for oil is an exciting adventure. It is a gamble to the many man who risk their lives and fortunes in the hunt for “black gold.”4-5. To some people, trees are a source of livelihood, to others, they are a source of inspiration.III. Identifying Sensory ImagesWrite the dominant sensory image suggested by each of the following lines. Choose from the bubbles below.motion sight smell touch taste sound1. sparkling icicles and flaming torches of leaves.2. silky and velvety as a baby’s skin3. the flight of the bumble bee4. that boisterous laughter5. the tang of salt spray from the sea 25

IV. Making InferencesRead the passages carefully then write the letter of the best answer to each question that follows.1. Some are shaped like dragons, some like birds or butterflies or fish or even animals. They havepitched battles in the sky, and the fun consists in making them fight, entangling them and cutting oneanother’s strings by sudden jerks. What objects are described?a. lanterns b. masks c. gliders d. kites2. And sits all day plugs out and sticking plugs in, flashes and flashes voices and voices calling forears to pour words in. Who is referred to?a. an airline pilot c. a radio operatorb. a telephone operator d. a telegraph operator3. “Thy lips breathe the scent of milk.” Who is spoken to?a. a lady b. a mother c. a baby d. a teenager4. In the path of onrushing military and rebel troops, the remote barangay trembled. What did theremote barangay suffer?a. fear b. hunger c. cold d. shock5. As we rounded the curve, I could see the full moon burning the steel rails into silver ribbons.Where is the speaker?a. on a ship b. on a train c. in a fire truck d. in a wagonIV. Understanding Figurative LanguageEach number consists of an initial statement that uses a figure of speech and three interpretations. Onyour answer sheet, write the letter of the figure of speech used on the first number and the letter of thebest interpretation on the second number. Choose the figure of speech from the box below. a. simile d. hyperbole b. metaphor e. apostrophe c. personification 26

1-2. The silence is deafening. a. Silence can cause deafness. b. The silence is so deep that nothing can be heard. c. The deaf can’t hear anything.3-4. My love is as deep as the ocean. a. My love is forever. b. My love is true. c. My love is sweet.5-6. “O Wind, if Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” a. The wind brings winter and spring soon after. b. There is no doubt that spring will come at the end of winter. c. The wind signals the coming of winter.7-8. “ The inside world of an Oriental is a deep well, dark and mysterious. In its depths one can find priceless gems or poisonous snakes.” a. An Oriental’s world has many dark and deep wells with worthless stones and harmful reptiles. b. An Oriental’s mind is like a dark and mysterious well, and one cannot tell whether his thoughts are good or evil. c. The Oriental’s world is like a deep, dark well that contains precious stones and deadly cobras.9-10. “Love’s not Time’s fool.” a. The passage of time does not make love sweeter. b. The passage of time does not make love seem foolish. c. The passage of time does not make love fade.IV. Using Information QuestionsComplete the dialog with a correct question word as suggested by the response.1. Q: ___________ were the rice terraces built? A: Two thousand years ago.2. Q: ___________ kinds of musical instruments do our ancestors have? A: Two.3. Q: ___________ do you like, the kudyapi or the kulintangan? A: The kudyapi. 27

4. Q: ___________ was our ancestors good of? A: Music.5. Q: __________ decided the important affairs of the barangay? A: The datu or rajah.6. Q: __________ did the early Filipinos express their feelings? A: Through songs.7. Q: __________ did the Borneans settle? A: Along the shore.8. Q: ___________ did the Bornean datus leave Borneo? A: They were in search of a new land.9. Q: ___________ wife received the pearl necklace? A: Marikudo’s.10. Q: ____________ were the early Filipinos good at? A: Tatooing and carving.Self-check Now let’s find out how you fared. Check your answers with those below. It is expected, ofcourse, that you’ll score higher here than you did in your pretest.I. Vocabulary. Using Context Clues1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. dII. Identifying Referents1. ravine 3. search for oil 5. trees2. woman 4. peopleIII. Identifying Sensory Images6. sight 8. motion 10. taste7. touch 9. soundIV. Making Inferences 28

1. d 3. c 5. b2. b 4. aV. Understanding Figurative Language1. d 5. e 9. c2. b 6. b 10. c3. a 7. b4. a 8. bVI. Using Information Questions1. When 5. Who 9. Whose2. How many 6. How 10. What3. Which 7. Where4. What 8. Why Perfect? That’s really great! Congratulations, it’s a pleasure working with you. Did you score between 30-39? Very good! Keep up the good work. You have truly used this module to the optimum. Did you score between 20-29? Well, you did fine, although you could have done better. Try harder in the succeeding modules. Did you score 19 or lower? Well, it’s not a lost cause really, but you should have made full use of this module. It would be to your advantage if you study this module again and get maximum benefit from it. Try again, would you, please? You have just finished your first module for the second quarter. It is hoped that it has helpedyou become a nationalistic learner. 29

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Reflective Journal Name : _____________________________________ School :______________________________________  What did I think or feel about the module? Why?  What did I learn from this module?  What was particularly significant for me? Why?  How will I apply what I have learned to my life? 30

Module 3 Being a Discerning Asian and Global CitizenOverview There are more than 160 countries in the world, varying in population count from a fewhundred to hundreds of millions of people. Each country is unique with its own customs andtraditions. The language spoken by its people may differ from that of its neighboring countries. It isoften the case that in a large country such as China, several language or dialects are spoken byvarious ethnic groups living in that country. The activities found in this module will help you understand the individual characteristics thatcombine to give a country its own unique identity. These characteristics make a country differentfrom all other countries. Included in that uniqueness are the following: the type of government, thelanguages spoken by the people, the religion and belief system followed by the majority, theirancestral background, the type of currency and the customs, traditions, music, dance and specialcelebrations cherished by those who live there. It is the sum total of all these characteristics thatmake a country what it is. Learning about each other will help us to better understand and appreciatethe differences that do exist.Objectives After working on the activities in this module, you will be able to: 1. Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. 2. Discover through literature the links between one’s life and the lives of the people throughout the world. 3. Accept and appreciate the differences between people of different cultures. 4. Show cultural empathy and respect for human diversity and universal human rights. 5. Guess the meaning of idiomatic expressions by noting keywords in sentences. 6. Describe people, place and things using adjectives. 7. Write descriptions that use concrete sensory details to create a unified impression of people, places, things, or events. 1

Instructions 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answer against the answers given under the Self-Check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity go over the Self-Check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest.Now take the pretest. Please do your best.PretestI. Vocabulary. Recognizing Compound wordsMatch a word in column 1 with a word in column 2 to form a compound noun. Column 1 Column 2 1. land man 2. back makers 3. grand fill 4. merry bone 5. herds fatherII. Adjectives Complete each sentence by adding a suffix to the word in parenthesis. Choose from the listbelow in the box. -ic, -ly, -y, -ful, -ious, -ed, -d6. Don Bosco, the __________ friend of young boys had such a great influence on them. (hero)7-8 . One cold __________ night, I watched an ________woman get off the bus. (rain, elder)9. There was a __________ young man on the bus and nobody offered him a seat. (cripple)10. I consider my mother as the most __________ woman in the world. (beauty)11. She wants to own a __________ home. (luxury) 2

III. Idioms Fill in the blank with the correct preposition. out up for over 12. Mario tried to make __________ for lost time by doing extra work . 13. Lucy went to David’s Salon for a make __________. 14. Can you read this word? I can’t make __________ his handwriting. 15. Lany played the role of Ophelia. She was made __________ the part.IV. Reading Comprehension Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows. Carmen has just finished supper. The rest of the evening is all planned. She simply has to study for a very important test, her worst subject. Passing or failing for the year depends on doing well on tomorrow’s test. Then it hits her: Tonight’s the night for the final round of Star in a Million that’s been advertised all week. She really wants to watch it. As Carla is struggling to decide what to do, the phone rings. It’s Mely, her best friend. Mely wants to know if Carla can come over and study with her. Mely also has a new CD they can listen to. Carla knows if she goes to Mely’s house she’d never be able to study very well. But she doesn’t want to let Mely down. So Carla stalls, telling Mely she’ll call right back after she tells her parents. Carla hangs up and sits there, trying to decide what to do. Just then her favorite aunt, Maria, stops by, Aunt Maria explains that she won’t be able to make it next week to Carla’s birthday party. She wants to take Carla to the Midnight sale so they can pick out Carla’s gift and then go out for ice cream. Suddenly, Carla’s life is very complicated. She has too many choices.16 – 18 In the first column, write down each choice Carla has, in the second column write what the results of each might be. Carla’s Choices Possible Results16.17.18.19 – 20 What is the morally right choice for Carla to make? Why? 3

Self-checkI. Vocabulary 1. c 2. d 3. e 4. b 5. aII. Adjectives 8. elderly 10. beautiful 6. heroic 9. crippled 11. luxurious 7. rainyIII. Idioms 13. over 14. out 15. for 12. upIV. Reading ComprehensionCarla’s Choice Possible Results16. study alone she will pass the test17. study with Mely she might fail the exam18. Go out with her Aunt she might fail the test19 – 20 She would study at home. Her chances of getting a good grade is better.Your Score: 20 Perfect. Congratulations! 16 – 19 Very Good 6 – 10 Fair 11 --1 5 Good job 1 – 5 Try HarderDeveloping Your Vocabulary Pair or group of words may cause confusion because they sound exactly alike or almost alike,but are spelled and used differently. Study the following easily confused words and then choose the word that fits each sentence. 1. accept : receive except : all but We will never achieve peace unless we learn to __________ differences. 2. to : a preposition too: in addition two: the number An Arabian dromedary has one hump while a Bactrian camel has __________ humps. 4

3. desert : a dry, arid land dessert : the final course of a meal. The caravan was crossing the __________ in the direction of the oasis at Ben Lor.4. wonder : to be curious wander : to roam, to travel The children looked up with __________ at the stars in the sky.5. consul : foreign representative counsel : give advice council : elected officials The two boys listened to the __________ of Safal.Self-check 2. two 3. desert 4. wonder 5. counsel 1. acceptReading AdventurePre-reading Write down the name of each group listed below. After the name of each group, write downthe first word or phrase you think of that describes that group. African Visayans Whites African Americans Elderly Chinese Teen-agers Punks Ilocanos Rock StarsPut your notebook aside. We’ll come back to it later. Think about how you might react to someone who is very different from you – one whodresses differently, talks differently and seems to have completely different interests from yours.How do you respond at first and then later on?While Reading As you read, predict how the characters in the selection will behave as the story unfolds. 5

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Before moving on to the next activity, spend some time reflecting on what you havelearned from the selection. Use this format to respond to the selection. Reader Response Name:___________________________________ School:__________________________________ Choose one of the following questions to discuss in your journal.  Why is it important to learn about the customs and behaviors of others cultures? Why isn’t it enough to simply learn other people’s languages?  What are some ways of learning about cultural differences? Which of these ways is most interesting for you? 9

Post Reading As you read the selection, you predicted how the characters might behave. Which charactersacted as you expected they would? Which of their problems were predictable? Take a moment to write your thoughts to the following in your notebook. • What have I learned from this selection about how characters respond to conflict.Comprehension CheckI. True or False Write T if the statement is True, F if the statement is false. 1. Safal is a wise man who lives in the desert. 2. The camels differed from each other at the beginning of the story. 3. Safal’s visitors belonged to different races. 4. Men could learn from nature. 5. Some cultures are more superior than other cultures. 6. Differences are not defects. 7. In an argument one is right and the other is wrong. 8. Lack of knowledge about other cultures is the root of misunderstanding. 9. Variety is the spice of life. 10. We should not mingle with people from other cultures.II. Overcoming Prejudice Now is a good time to take out the list you wrote at the beginning of this lesson. Sometimes,the first thought or idea that comes to mind when thinking of a particular group of people reflects akind of prejudice toward that group. 1. Review the words and phrases you listed after each group. Circle any that might reflect a possible prejudice – an opinion or attitude you have that you can’t back up with facts or that you can’t apply to everyone in that group. These can be positive or negative prejudices. 2. Where did you learn the opinion reflected in the words and phrases you circled? 3. What are some ways today can help create a harmonious and peaceful world? 10

Self-checkTrue or False 1. T 3. T 5. F 7. F 9. T 2. T 4. T 6. T 8. T 10. FLanguage Focus Quick! What’s the first thing that comes to our mind when you see or hear these words: big,brown, handsome, pretty, wonderful, lucky/ You bet, they’re ADJECTIVES. This section of the module will help you describe persons,places, objects and events vividly. Liza and Vicky are friends. Liza has new pictures of her family. Read the conversationbetween Liza and Vicky. Wonderful Brothers, Lucky Sisters-in-lawLiza : Come, look at my new pictures.Vicky : Not more pictures!Liza : These are new pictures.Vicky : Okay, Liza. Show me your pictures.Liza : These are my brothers. Gary is big and strong. He’s an architect. He works in Zambia. He’s handsome. His eyes are big and brown. His hair is dark and wavy. George is next to him. George’s a lawyer. He’s very intelligent.Vicky : Who’s this?Liza : He is my new boyfriend, Gino, He’s Chinese. Oh, he’s so smart.Vicky : Who are the women seated in front of your brothers?Liza : They’re my sisters-in-law. My brothers are handsome!Vicky : They’re pretty.Liza : Pretty? My brothers aren’t pretty. They’re handsome.Vicky : Your sisters-in-law are pretty.Liza : My sisters-in-law are lucky! They’re married to my wonderful brothers.Vicky : They’re not so lucky. You’re their sister-in-law!Activity 1 Comprehension Check 1. What does Liza think of her brothers? 2. What does Vicky think of Liza’s sisters-in-law? 3. Why does Vicky think Liza’s sisters-in-law aren’t so lucky? 11

To help you recall the uses, forms, and position of adjectives in sentences study the followinggrammar notes on adjectives. Grammar Notes 11. Adjectives describe nouns. Adjectives can come after the verb beShe is pretty.They can come before a noun, too.He is a brilliant lawyer.2. Adjectives do not change formSingular Pluralnew neighbor new neighborpretty woman pretty womenhonest man honest men3. When a noun follows an adjective, use an before an adjective. If the adjective begins with a vowel sound.She’s an enchanting singer.Use a before the adjective if the adjective begins with a consonant.He’s a powerful runner.Do not use a or an when the adjective is not followed by a noun.It is interesting.He is artistic.Activity 2 Describing Persons Now here’s a chance for you to become a “Person Teller.” He or she is somewhat like afortune teller. Here’s how. First you get a brief description of a person or persons. Then you have to“tell” a lot of things about these persons. Finally, you will be able to write a story about the person orpersons. This is sometimes called a personality sketch. Write your answers in your notebook. 12

Person Telling subject #1 Sam and AlSam is polite, trite and a mite light.His twin Al is happy, sneezy and jumpy.They like gum, flan, rice and jam.But despise honey, money and anything spicy.1. What does trite mean?a. a type of mite c. a fishb. ordinary d. a three-wheeled vehicle for children2. What conclusions can you draw about Sam and A1?a. Al is nervous.b. Sam would let an old man go up the bus ahead of himself.c. Sam and Al dislike hot chilly sauce.d. Al never looks on the bright side.e. Sam needs to gain a little weight.f. Sam and Al like honey on their pancakes.g. Sam and Al have been to Hawaii.3. Add a line to the description of Sam and Al.4. Write a short story in your notebook involving Sam and Al. Use the information in the sketchand any conclusions you have drawn from it. Begin your story on a new page. Give it anintriguing title.Person Telling Subject #2 Mary HyacinthMary Hyacinth is a somber drummer.She looks for old cans, old vans, and old plans.She dreams of boys, concerts and Barbie’s Cradle.She tries to wonder, ponder, and wander.Often though she snoozes, croons, and misses.5. List three things you think are somber__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Think of one thing Mary Hyacinth might do with each of the following:an old canan old vanan old plan7. From what you know so far, circle the words that describe Mary Hyacinth. Use a dictionaryor thesaurus if you’re unsure of your answers.a. optimistic e. pessimisticb. enthusiastic f. carelessc. melancholy g. musically-inclinedd. thorough h. serious 13

Write a paragraph about Mary Hyacinth. Have Mary Hyacinth meet someone who completely changes her altitudes. Describe the “new” Mary Hyacinth. Begin your paragraph on a new page. Give it a catchy title.Activity 3. Hidden Adjectives Find and circle the adjectives ending in –able, -al, -ible, -ous, -ic, -ful. The words go from topto bottom or from bottom – up and from left to right or from right to left. Then write each word inthe box that contains its suffix.Clues: OP T IMI S T I CLENS NE TNE RVOUS E L F E 1. not able to be destroyed AS LA I RS LOVABL E 2. full of ambition I S AF RE E BAS T I ON 3. full of joy V I C E I S GNUOUTGO 4. charming AM I DW I G O N E J C I L 5. jumpy, tense L I S T O S I AMO D U C K 6. eager U S YOU T RAY E S RAM 7. hopeful F TH L I I MF L E E T LO 8. sad, gloomy R I P BO BU S T I MS A T 9. not able to be resisted ECMR E L I A B L E END 10. appealing to logic WA L LME A L L O R DMY 11. trustworthy, dependable O N H UMO R O U S O N O R 12. influential P ENTHUS I AS T I C E 13. of the body 14. full of humor-ous -ic -ful-al -able -ible 14

When we describe, we sometimes use a lot of adjectives before a noun. In English, there is arequired order for these adjectives. Below is a chart illustrating adjective word order. This is meantto help you but you do not have to memorize it. The more you use adjectives in a series, the morefamiliar you will become with its order and it will become natural to you. Grammar Notes – 2 Adjective Word Order General Adjectives Description of nationa-Articles Numbers: Adjectives lity & reli-and Ordinal and Adjectives size shape age color gion. Also Noun NounPosses- and ending in big long old Adjectives Adjunct beetle little round new- Spitzsives Cardinal -ed, -ly, -ful, born ending in -io, gown bowl -ing, ious, etc. -al, -y, -ed winnerthe two green air- volks conditioned wagon her three lovely white JapaneseZsa Zsa's famous antique blue lacey an blue & white Englishthe first Philippine amateur golfActivity 4 Adjective Word Order Fill in the adjectives in the order required. Refer to the chart if you have difficulty. 1. Do you think that the logging industry has a right to destroy the ______________________ forests? (tropical, rain, world’s) 2. Many who would say no have already in effect said yes by buying furniture made from __________________________________ wood sold by illegal loggers. (hard, popular, Philippine) 3. As the ______________________________ trees fall, they damage or destroy (hundred years old, huge, marketable) neighboring trees. 4. The _________________________________ environment is fragile and (tropical, humid, forest) extremely complex. 5. How reasonable is it to hope that the world’s loggers and politicians will turn to protecting _________________________________ heritage? (irreplaceable, mankind’s, precious) 15

Activity 5. Describing a Place There are many things in your life right now that will make excellent subjects for adescription. Look around and try to describe things in your home to one who hasn’t been there yet.The first one is done for you. 1. new curtains 2. dark _______________ 3. interesting _______________ 4. antique _______________ 5. shiny _______________ 6. priceless _______________ 7. wooden _______________ 8. comfortable _______________ 9. brand new _______________ 10. worn-out _______________Activity 6. Using Your Senses One night when the sky is clear, sit outside. What is your world like at night? Write down allthe words you can think of to describe the following. 1. What you see 2. What you hear 3. What you smell 4. What you taste 5. What you feelActivity 7. Describing Your Night World How would you describe your night world to people who live in another part of the world?Would you tell them about the night sounds? How the air feels? Write a paragraph describing yournight world. 16

Self-checkActivity 1 Comprehension Check1. Liza thinks the world of her brothers.2. They’re pretty.3. Because Liza is their sister-in-law.Activity 2. Describing Persons1. b2. a, b, c, e.3. answers will vary4. answers will vary5. a church or chapel, a court learning, a monastery.6. Hyacinth can turn an old can into a drum; an old van into a mobile home, and an old plan to a wall paper or a gift wrapper or book cover.7. a, b, g, hActivity 3. Hidden Adjectives OP T IMI S T I CLENS NE TNE RVOUS E L F E AS LA I RS LOVABL E I S AF RE E BAS T I ON V I C E I S GNUOUTGO AM I DW I G O N E J C I L L I S T O S I AMO D U C K U S YOU T RAY E S RAM F TH L I I MF L E E T LO R I P BO BU S T I MS A T ECMR E L I A B L E END WA L LME A L L O R DMY O N H UMO R O U S O N O R P ENTHUS I AS T I C E -ous -ic -fulhumorous optimistic joyful nervous enthusiastic powerfulambitious pessimistic 17

-al -able -iblephysical lovable irresistiblelogical reliable indestructibleActivity 4. Adjective Word Order1. world’s, tropical, rain 4. humid, tropical, forest2. popular, Philippine, hard 5. mankind’s, precious, irreplaceable3. huge, hundred years old, marketableActivity 5. Describing a PlacePossible answers:2. dark storage room 6. priceless paintings3. interesting photographs 7. wooden tables4. antique vases 8. comfortable sofa5. shiny floors 9. brand new telivision set 10. worn-out chairsActivity 6. Answers will varyCommunicative ActivitiesActivity 8. Describing People Put the lines in the correct order._________ 1. What does she look like?_________ 2. Please give this to Mrs. Rodriquez in the Administrative office._________ 3. She’s tall with straight black hair._________ 4. I’m sorry but I’m new here. 18

Activity 9. Matching linesMatch the questions with the answers1. Is Pete tall? a. No. Her hair is straight.2. Is your hair black? b. Yes. He’s very tall.3. What does your mother look like? c. No. She’s tall.4. Is her hair curly? d. She’s average height with blonde hair.5. Is your sister short/ e. No. He’s very thin.6. Is Mr. San Diego heavy? f. No. My hair is gray.Activity 10. ShoppingCheck the correct response. The response should trigger the next question.1. Can I help you? a. Yes, I’d like a sweater.2. What size? b. Yes, I need a birthday present.3. Any particular color? a. For men.4. Here’s a nice blue one. b. I wear medium.5. It’s P500.00 a. Blue, if you have it. b. I hate green. a. What? P1,500.00! That’s too much! b. How much is it? a. That’s better. I’ll take it. b. Fine. I’ll take itSelf-checkActivity 8. Describing People 2,43, 1, 3Activity 9. Matching lines 1. b 2. f 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. eActivity 10. Shopping 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. bEnriching Your Vocabulary By now you must be familiar with the meaning of a number of two-word verbs and can usethem in sentences quite naturally. 19

Activity 1. Match the phrasal verb with their meaning. Write the sentences and their meanings in yournotebook.1. If hair and makeup specialists change your a. invented style and image, they make you over. b. decide c. change2. Can you understand her handwriting? d. meant, intended I can’t make out this word. e. understand3. She was perfect in the play, she was made for the part.4. She made up the story because she was afraid to tell the truth.5. Joe is indecisive and can never make up his mind.Activity 2.Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. up for out over1. Jack made _________ the story because none would have believed the truth.2. It took him ages and a lot of soul searching before he finally made _________ his mind.3. Liza and Joe had a lot in common. They were made _________ each other.4. Nancy left a note on my table. Can you make _________ this word?5. Gertie decided to visit David’s Salon for a make _________.Activity 3. Fun With Words Make a circle out of these shapes when the correct circle has been formed an adjective can beread clockwise. What is the word? L EE AL R IB 20

Self-checkActivity 1 2. e 3. d 4. a 5. b 1. c 3. forActivity 2 2. up 4. out 5. over 1. upActivity 3 RELIABLEWrite ThingActivity 1 Pre Writing Now you are ready to apply the language skills you’ve learned in the preceding section. Youwill write a description of a person in which you appeal to the reader’s emotions as well as his/hersenses. You should know your subject well enough to be able to describe him/her in detail. Include only the important details, decide how you will arrange them, and find the bestphysical point of view from which to describe your subject. Decide also how you want the reader tofeel about the subject. Here’s a writing idea you can use for your composition. Liza and Vicky were impressed by the young people from India who live in theirneighborhood. They have come to the Philippines to study. Liza is fascinated by their stories of lifein their country. Vicky especially admires the colorful saris the girls wear. Have you ever metanyone whose appearance, dress, speech or actions are much different from yours? Perhaps you canwrite a good description of that person.Activity 2. Drafting Now you’re ready to write your first draft. In at least 300 words, write a description in whichthe reader not only will see your subject but will also feel the way you do about him/her. Usecomparisons and words with suggestive power to make the reader admire, dislike, feel sorry for or beamused at you subject. Putting the person in some situation may help you describe his actions,gestures and expressions and show what kind of person she/he is. Show the reader that the personyou are describing is happy, sad, funny, serious, kind or aloof. 21

Activity 3. Revising Reread and revise your writing using the revising checklist as your guide. Revising Checklist 1. Have I chosen a subject I could describe in detail? 2. Have I selected the appropriate details and arranged them in some order? 3. Did I describe my subject from the best physical point of view? 4. Did I use specific words to describe the person’s appearance, expressions, gestures, and actions, particularly those that reveal his/her personality? 5. Did I use words with suggestive power to influence the reader’s feelings? 6. Should I leave out anything to bring my subject into sharper focus?Activity 4. Proofreading Proofread your description and make the necessary corrections. Check for errors in grammar,punctuation, spelling and capitalization. You may not have time for many proof-readings, but take time for at least two: one sentenceproofreading and one word proof-reading. First, read the sentences aloud. By reading the sentencesorally, your ears may catch many errors your eyes alone would miss. By sing two senses instead ofone, you double your chances of finding errors. This will help you detect many errors in grammarand punctuation. Your second proofreading is for words – for their spelling and capitalization. Wordproofreading has one chief characteristic: slowness. Reading at a normal pace is too fast to reveal allmisspellings and errors in capitalization. For instance, did your reading of the sentence just beforethis one reveal to you the two misspelled words there? They are to for too and misspellings formisspellings. Probably you did not notice both errors. You probably do not notice all of your ownmisspellings when you read at a normal pace.Activity 4. Publishing and Sharing Rewrite your completed word picture in ink. Give it a good title. Now you’re ready to submityour composition to your teacher. 22

PosttestA. Vocabulary. Recognizing Compound WordsMatch a word in Column 1 with a word in Column II to form a compound noun. I II 1. land a. mother 2. bed b. ball 3. grand c. keeper 4. base d. slide 5. book e. roomB. Complete each sentence by adding a suffix to the word in parenthesis. Choose from the list below: -ic, -ly, -y, -ful, -ious, -ed6. The Philippines is a __________ meeting place. (wonder)7. I stepped into M. Apacible Street, the main avenue that leads to the heart of the __________ municipality of Taal (history)8. Taal’s once __________ streets are now replete with sounds of modern transportation (sleep)9. February is the perfect time to be in Boracay, the country’s No. 1 destination, its powdery white coastline not too __________ (crowd)10. Tourists marvel at the __________ sunset (glory)C. IdiomsFill in the blank with the correct preposition. out up over to11. Liza needed to work overtime to make __________ for lost time.12. Patrick’s handwriting is terrible. Can you make __________ this word?13. Glo and Alvin have a very happy marriage. They were made __________ each other.14. Vicky visited Ricky Reyes for a make __________.D. Reading ComprehensionRead the short passage then answer the questions that follow. The sun burst froth in glorious yellow-orange hues. The woman in her usualtapis and saya, went about her task of salting the fish in the earthen jars. Suddenly, 23

she froze. From where she stood, she saw a dark brown snake coiled near the base ofan earthen jar. The snake seemed to be in repose.15 – 17 In the first column, write down each choice the woman has, in the second column write what the results of each might be. Woman’s Choice Possible Results 15. 16. 17.What is the best thing to do in the above situation?Self-checkA. Vocabulary1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. cB. Affixation6. wonderful 8. sleepy 10. glorious7. historic 9. crowdedC. Idioms11. up 12. out 13. for 14. overD. Comprehension (Give yourself 2 points for each number) Woman’s Choice Possible Results15. back off quietly the snake will remain coiled16. hit the snake with a heavy object she might miss the head of the snake and it might strike back at her.17. call for help the snake might not be there when she returns.Your Score: 20 Perfect! Congratulations 6-10 Fair 16-19 Very Good 1-5 Try harder 11-15 Good Job All right! You are through with Module 3 of Unit II. It is expected that it has helped youbecome a discerning global citizen. 24

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling aboutthe activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because)What I liked best 25

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Module 4 Being a Team PlayerOverview The Challenge in Working Together“Each man’s joy, is joy to me, Each man’s grief is my own.” You must be familiar with the song, “No Man Is An Island.” The lyrics of that song tells usthat we can not live on our own. We need the help of other people to survive, to get to where wewant to be, to lift a heavy load that we carry. Getting in conflict with someone is natural. Since it is true that no two people are alike,differences are most likely to occur. Even leaves coming from the same branch do not look the same,but they stick together. So do people. We may vary in looks, in ways of life, in beliefs or principles, nevertheless, we have the sameneeds. No one wants to be rejected, everyone wants to be loved. We all have certain needs thatcould only be met if we learn to work with others. Working together is healthy. While working, we learn a lot of things. We make mistakesalong the way but we become better workers on the process. We develop better relationships sincewe try to find solutions to conflicts that arise. Together we share in the failures and successes in life. God commanded, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” If you love your neighbor as yourself,you will not do anything that will hurt the person for you wouldn’t want to hurt yourself either. 1

Objectives Welcome to another module which will allow you to develop the skills you will need to facethis particular challenge of working together. The following will be our goals: - To establish harmonious relationship with others - To aspire to become a productive citizen of the country - To practice scanning in gathering information from a reading material - To determine the meaning of words through context - To note down details - To infer character traits and feelings - To arrange the events of a story in chronological order - To construct descriptive sentences using appropriate words or phrases - To use two-word verbs for everyday expressions - To write interesting advertisements using descriptive words or phrases Let us review how you are going to accomplish this module. Read the instructions very well.Remember, if you follow instructions carefully, you are assured of better results.Instructions1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal.2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first.3. Each module begins with an Overview or brief introduction followed by a list of Objectives that you are expected to learn.4. Before working on the activities answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking you answers against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest.5. As you work on the Activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop?6. After each activity, go over the Self-check that follows to find out how well you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes.7. After working on all activities, take the Posttest. 2

Pretest We are ready to begin with a reading selection.I. Read the following selection very carefully, then answer the questions that follow. (1) Man’s gregarious nature cannot be denied. No matter how masterfully he handles himself, he cannot live alone; he needs to associate with others. But living in a society entails problems, and problems call for solutions – a situation which is actually a challenge in itself. (2) What is the key to harmonious social interaction? Is it cooperation, which is the backbone of progress? If so, where does competition come in? Should the majority always win? What rights does an individual have in a society where the will of the majority is the law? (3) As living in a social group becomes more and more complex, more questions and problems arise. When individuals and groups in society assert themselves, social living becomes a struggle – a struggle for recognition, for power. (4) Who will take charge? Should it be every man for himself or should there be one who will impose his will upon the others? How can the members of a society resolve their differences? By force, by decree, or by choice? (5) Many societies have risen or fallen. In the main, their fate depended on their choice of means for attaining the goals they set for themselves. As an emerging society, we look to the societies that have come and gone before us.A. Vocabulary The following words are found in the selection. The paragraph number where it is located isgiven before the word. On the opposite column are the possible synonyms. Copy the letter thatgives the synonym of each word in the list.1. (1) gregarious A. developing2. (1) entails B. demand3. (2) interaction C. destiny4. (3) assert D. include5. (4) impose E. sharing6. (5) fate F. sociable7. (5) emerging G. declare 3

B. Comprehension Check 1. Paragraph 1 tells us that: A. Man denies his need for others. B. Man is basically a social being. C. Man lives in a society that is full of problems. D. Man needs to live with others although problems go along with it. 2. What happens when man insists on what he wants? A. Living with others becomes more difficult. B. It gives rise to competition. C. Man becomes powerful. D. The majority will protest against him. 3. Paragraph 5 could be restated as: A. The future of a society depends on the choices its people make. B. The success of a society cannot be achieved without help from other nations. C. The failure of a society is caused by wrong choices. 4. The best title for the selection is A. Cooperation Among People B. The Challenge of Society C. Harmonious Social Interaction D. The Rise and Fall of SocietyII. Grammar Choose the correct words for these sentences: 1. One of the (more, most) important elements in writing a good description is maintaining a single point of view. 2. An author decides that one impression is probably (more, most) important than another. 3. This is a (fine, finest) characteristic of Dickens’ writing. 4. The Marquis is represented as the (more, most) contemptible of noblemen. 5. The impression is (complete, most complete). 6. Probably no one has done (better, best) in this technique than Washington Irving. 7. His readers (quickly, most quickly) get the feeling of life as it was in the days of Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. 8. Which do you think is the (greater, greatest) character? 9. Could Irving have done (better, best) in his descriptions of them? 10. They embody a singleness of impression that makes them (more charming, most charming) than realistic. 4

Self-check Let’s get our initial findings ready. Check your work and let us see how you fare.I. Reading A. Vocabulary 1. F 2. D 3. E 4. G 5. B 6. C 7. A B. Comprehension Check 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. BII. Grammar 1. most 2. more 3. fine 4. most 5. complete 6. better 7. quickly 8. greater 9. better 10. more charmingYour Score If you got 20, that’s fantastic! Although it doesn’t mean, you may not finish this moduleanymore. You still have to continue since you will be helped to understand better. 16 - 19 Very Good! 13 - 15 Good! 10 - 12 Fair! 9 and below means, you really have to study hard. 5

Reading AdventureWords UnlockedFirst, get familiar with some of the words you will come across as you read the story.A. Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word as used in the sentences.1. Julio prodded the carabao with a stick as it hesitated to cross the stream.a. pricked b. stirred c. beat2. Jose was a puny load on the carabao’s back.a. small b. heavy c. unimportant3. It was so hot that we splashed our faces with water from the rivulet until it almost ran dry.a. spring b. brook c. river4. Julio had come to Mindoro from Tablas because he was interested in applying for a homestead. a. an ancestral home b. a business permit c. a tract of landB. Match the underlined word in Column A with its appropriate meaning in Column B.AB1. The wild animal quenched its thirst in a A. to emit freely nearby stream. B. to exude a bodily fluid2. During fiestas there seems to be a stream of food coming from the kitchen. C. a ray of light3. A stream of sunlight filtered through the D. to trail out at full length half-open window. E. a body of running water4. The scientist watched the stream of flowing on the earth heavenly bodies through the telescope. F. a prevailing attitude5. She was so angry that she uttered a stream G. to display by waving of invectives against the boy.6 I saw a meteor streaming through the sky.7. When I saw May in the kitchen, tears were streaming down her cheeks because of the onions. 6

9. At the funeral of the mentally-retarded I. a steady succession girl, the nurse’s eyes streamed with tears. J. to leave a bright trail10. The marchers streamed their banners of various colors as they marched down K. a constantly renewed EDSA. supply11. You must be getting famous as mail is L. to pour in large numbers streaming everyday.12. In this age of computers and rap music the stream worldwide seems to be “Live and let Live.”Pre-reading Before reading the entire story try to fish for information from the selection by scanningthrough the given paragraphs. Answer the questions that follow.Paragraph 1 Paragraph 17When and where did the story happen? Why did Julio not accompany his son to town?Where did Julio’s family come from? a. He was ashamed to face his compadre.What was Julio’s occupation? b. He had to finish planting the fields. c. He did not want to leave his wife and a. a farmer who owns the land he tills baby girl alone. b. a tenant farmer c. a landlordParagraph 13 Paragraph 23How old was Julio’s son? How did the son feel as he read and understoodHow was he going to town? his father’s letter to his compadre? a. on foot a. excited and happy b. on a bicycle b. sad and homesick c. on a carabao’s back c. proud and gratefulReading Proper The story you are going to read was divided into three parts. Each part is followed by a seriesof questions. Be sure that you have answered them before you proceed to the next part. Theparagraphs are numbered for easy reference. 7

The Happiest Boy in the World N.V.M. Gonzales(1) Julio, who had come from Tablas to and talked with the officials concerned. Now,settle in Barok, was writing a letter to, of all with a pencil instead of pen to write with, Juliopeople, Ka Ponso, his landlord, one warm June was sure that he could make his letter legiblenight. It was about his son Jose, who wanted enough for Ka Ponso.to go to school in Mansalay that year. Jose was (3) “It’s about my boy, Jose,” he wrote on.in the Fifth Grade when Julio and his family “I want him to study this June in Mansalay.had left Tablas the year before and migrated to He’s in the Sixth Grade now, and since he’sMindoro; because the father had some quite a poor hand at looking after yourdifficulty in getting some land of his own to carabao, I thought it would be best that he gofarm, the boy had to stop schooling for a year. to school in the town.”As it was, Julio thought himself lucky enough (4) He sat back and leaned against theto have Ka Ponso, who happened to be visiting wall. He had been writing on a low woodenhis property then, offered to become its form, the sole piece of furniture in the one-godfather. After that they began to call each room house. There he sat in one corner. Aother compadre. little way across, stood the stove; to his right,(2) “Dear Compadre,” Julio started to Fidela and the baby girl Felipa lay under thewrite in Tagalog, bending earnestly over a hempen mosquito net. Jose, who had been outpiece of paper which he had torn out of Jose’s all afternoon looking for one of Ka Ponso’sschool notebook. It was many months ago carabaos that had strayed away to the newly-when, just as now, he had sat down with a planted rice clearing along the other side of thewriting implement in this hand. That was Barok river, was here too, sprawling beside awhen he had gone to the municipio in sack of palay by the doorway. He snoredMansalay to file a homestead application, and lightly, like a tired youth; but he was onlyhe had used a pen, and to his great surprise, twelve.filled in the blank forms neatly. Nothing cameof the application, although Ka Ponso hadassured him he had looked into the applicationHere are the questions for paragraphs 1-4. 1. Who is the character referred to by the underlined word? When my wife gave birth to a baby, the landlord, who appeared to be visiting his property then, offered to become its godfather. Read paragraph 3, then answer the following questions. 2. Who is the letter writer? a. a master who wants to get rid of a lazy servant b. a parent who values the education of his son c. a farmer who wants his helper to get an education 8