English 2

Self-checkA. Moment of truth! Here are some possible answers to the exercise. See if your answers are similar. Did you use the simple future tense properly? If so, congratulations! You might have gotten a perfect score. If not, keep on trying, okay? 1. If I work hard, I will be rewarded. 2. If I save money now, I will be able to support my college education. 3. If I obey my parents, God will be pleased. 4. When you leave, I will be lonely. 5. When we are honest, people will trust us.B. Here is a sample completed dialogue based on the given outline. Did you use the simple future tense properly? Is the exchange meaningful and logical? Then, you deserve a big nod of approval! Danniel : If you win a million pesos, what will you do? Ada Marie : I will put the money in the bank. Danniel : Won’t you buy a new car? Ada Marie : I don’t think my parents will allow me to drive. Danniel : Why not? You have a driver’s license, don’t you? Ada Marie : Yes, but I get nervous easily. If there’s an emergency, perhaps I will panic. Danniel : I see. By the way, when you are already that rich, will we still be close friends? Ada Marie : Of course, we’ll be best friends for always! Danniel : Really? I am touched.Everyday Expressions To run is a pretty normal thing, but when used in idioms, it can have a lot of meanings. Note the following idiomatic expressions with run and how they are used. IDIOM MEANING SAMPLE USAGErun out of to have no more left “My! We ran out of gas,” the driver gasped.run into to meet someone by chance Guess whom I ran into at the mall yesterday? 23

run over to injure His poor dog was run over by a speedingrun off truck.run through to elope The movie starlet ran off with her leadingrun across man.run for to skim through a book Let’s run through our notes before ourin the long run quickly teacher gets here.run a business to find something by chance Can you believe I ran across this preciousa runner-up book at the rummage sale? to be a candidate for a post The senator will run for president in the next election. over a long period of time In the long run, retiring early will do you good. to manage or organize a I dream of running my own business business someday. the next one to the winner The first runner-up will take the crown if the winner is disqualified for any reason.See if you can answer the following!Activity 1 Fill in the blank with the correct idiom chosen from the list above. Be sure to use the correctform of the verb.1. Why don’t you ________________ the page again to find the answer?2. I ________________ this old terno in Grandmother’s old chest.3. Mother _________________ cooking oil. She wants you to buy some at the store.4. I’m sure your friend will realize his mistake __________________________.5. The _____________________ couldn’t accept his defeat.6. That was a close shave! You were nearly _________________ by the taxi.7. The well-known businessman will _______________ mayor in the next poll.8. Whom do you think I happened to _______________ the other day?9. _____________________ involves financial risks.10. Can you believe Karl ___________________ with a barrio girl?Activity 2 Answer the following questions using the idioms in parentheses. Use complete sentences.The first one is done for you. 1. Why did your sister go to the sari-sari store? (run out of) My sister went to the sari-sari store because she ran out of flour._________ 2. Whom did you see at the theater when you watched a movie? (run into) ________________________________________________________________3. What happened to the lovely kitten? (run over) ________________________________________________________________ 24

4. Do you have any news about the missing basketball player? (run off) ________________________________________________________________ 5. What are we supposed to do with these manuscripts? (run through) ________________________________________________________________ 6. Where did you find that ring? (run across) ________________________________________________________________ 7. Why is Shara so busy nowadays? (run for) ________________________________________________________________ 8. Do you think it’s more practical to buy a new television set? (in the long run) ________________________________________________________________ 9. Did Pachollo win the oratorical contest? (runner-up) ________________________________________________________________ 10. What does he plan to do after graduation? (run a business) ________________________________________________________________Self-check Let’s have a look at your answers now. If you get a perfect score, great! If you have a fewmistakes, go back to the items and see why you made a mistake. Hope you’re happy with the result! Activity 1 1. run through 2. ran across 3. ran out of 4. in the long run 5. runner-up 6. run over 7. run for 8. run into 9. Running a business 10. ran off Activity 2 Here are some possible answers. See to it that you used the correct two-word verb with run. 1. She ran out of seasoning. 2. I ran into some old friends. 3. It was run over by a reckless driver. 25

4. He ran off with an avid fan. 5. You must run through them to check the errors. 6. I ran across it among my old notebooks. 7. She is running for the Student Council. 8. In the long run, it is more practical to buy a new one than to have the old one repaired. 9. He was the first runner-up and I’m proud of him. 10. He plans to run his father’s business.Hats off to you for finishing this module. Now you’re ready to take the Posttest.PosttestI. Read the incomplete dialog and write the correct form of the verb in parenthesis. Joseph is having a conversation with his friend, Roy, about his forthcoming Freefall(Parachuting) trial. Complete the dialog between the two by changing the verbs in parentheses to thesimple future tense.JOSEPH: I’m so excited, Roy! Tell me, what will my first experience with the Freefall be like?ROY : It (1)____________ (be) one of the most exciting experiences in your life, I tell you! You will be relaxed at first. But halfway to the top you (2)_____________ (go) crazy. Your life (3)__________ simply___________ (flash) before your eyes.JOSEPH: Sounds great! How will it feel when I get to the very edge?ROY : That will be your only chance to scream your lungs out, “Mom, I want to get out of here!”JOSEPH: My! How about when I start falling?ROY : You (4)_______________ (lose) your voice because you will be in a state of shock. You (5)_______________ (skip) heartbeats. Some people call this part of the ride “death.” You (6)______________ (land) in a lying position, making everyone feel like throwing up. When you get down, either your face (7)_______________ (show) so much shock enough to scare others who have not tried it or you (8)___________ just ______________ (smile) so you would not look like a chicken. Deep inside, you (9)___________________ (thank) God and tell him that you (10)______________ (sin) no more.JOSEPH: Wow! I think I will never forget such an experience as long as I live. Thanks a lot for the info, old friend! Don’t worry, you’ll know all about it. 26

II. Answer the following questions: 1. What three environmental problems are discussed in this module? 2. Who should take an active role in solving them and why? 3. What are you committed to do to do your share of the responsibility?Self-check Now check your answers against the key that follows:I. A Dialogue 1. will be 2. will go 3. will flash 4. will lose 5. will skip 6. will land 7. will show 8. will smile 9. will thank 10. will sinII. Here are the answers to the questions: 1. Air pollution, the garbage-problem, and deforestation are discussed in this module. 2. Everyone, young and old, must help solve these problems in order to preserve our only home, the Earth. 3. It depends on your personal commitment. May you show it in thought, in word, and in deed. So, what’s your score? If you have less than five mistakes, say “Not bad!” If you got five ormore mistakes, say “I need to go over this module again.” And make sure you do it.NOTE: In this module, you have learned some ways by which you can better understand and appreciate informative articles. It is hoped that this knowledge will help you cope with your readings in content-area subjects. You are now ready to work on the next set of modules with the theme “Learning To Be”. Happy learning! 27

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Check the column that best describes your feeling aboutthe activities you did. For the last column, give your reason. What I think of the activities in this module How I liked themThings I Did (Just fine) (Not so much (Very much) because)What I liked best 28

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UNIT II Module 1 Being True to OurselvesOverview Where do you look when you want to see yourself?You look at a mirror, don’t you? But mirrors reflect only thephysical you, not what you really are. To see the real you,you will have to examine your thoughts, feelings andattitudes; take note of your aspirations and your dreams; andlook deeply into your principles in life. Principles are what people live by. They are the finerdesigns of life that make a person better, more respectableand more honorable. Being true to oneself and being oneselfare marks of a man/woman of principles. This module will help you take a long hard look atyourself and be a person of principles.ObjectivesAfter working on the activities in this module you will be able to: 1. deduce meaning of words through context 2. recognize synonyms 3. infer character traits, feelings and motives through speech and action 4. note details 5. make inferences 6. ask different types of simple questions 7. respond clearly to simple questions 8. write personal reflections on certain issues 1

InstructionsHere are some specific ways for you to learn from this Module. Remember to follow these steps. 1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal. 2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first. 3. Each module begins with a brief introduction or Overview followed by a list of Objectives you are expected to learn. 4. Before working on the activities, answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking your answers against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest. 5. As you work on the activities try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop? 6. After each activity, go over the Self-check that follows to find out how will you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes. 7. After working on all the activities take the Posttest. Now take the pretest. Please do you best.PretestI. Recognizing SynonymsLook at the rows of words below. In each row there are two words with similar meanings. Write the letters of those two words in your notebook.1. a. answer b. bounty c. reply d. revolt2. a. rude b. impolite c. important d. impress3. a. bang b. hurt c. jeer d. injure4. a. raise b. wrong c. truthful d. honest5. a. incline b. eat c. dine d. refuseII. Inferring character traits, feelings and motives.Write the letter of the answer to the question after the passage.6. She had lost her knitting needles and was trying to make another, though she knew itwould take years to rub down the bar. What trait is revealed in the line? a. humility b. courage c. patience d. resignation 2

7. Lora alternately crimsoned and paled. She wanted to run away, to hide. What feeling isshown?a. frustration b. shame c. anger d. love8. Picking up a fist-sized stone, he said “You shall pay for this,” and threw it against the boy.Why did the speaker do this?a. He wanted to get even with the boy.b. He is disappointed with the boy.c. He wants the boy to go away.d. He wants the boy to pay his debts.9. “Teach me to feel another’s sorrow, to hide the faults I see.” What character trait is shown?a. obedience b. reverence c. humility d. compassion10. “Oh, do not cry little one. Please forgive me. I was drunk and knew not what I said.” Whatfeeling is expressed?a. pity b. sorrow c. anger d. remorseIII. Forming Yes/No QuestionsChoose the letter of the correct yes/no question being answered by the statement.11. The accused is an honest man. a. Is the accused an honest man? b. Did they accuse an honest man? c. Can they accuse an honest man?12. Scientists are trying to unravel the mysteries of matter. a. Do the scientists try to unravel the mysteries of matter? b. Have the scientists tried to unravel the mysteries of matter? c. Are scientists trying to unravel the mysteries of matter?13. The wise man has a heart of gold. a. Has the wise man have a heart of gold? b. Does the wise man have a heart of gold? c. Is the wise man a heart of gold?14. We should be true to ourselves. a. Should we be true to ourselves? b. Shall we be true to ourselves? c. Do we always try to be true to ourselves?15. The study of matter brought man into the space age. a. Had the study of matter brought man into the space age? b. Did the study of matter bring man into the space age? c. Was the study of matter bringing man into the space age?IV. Using Tag QuestionsChoose the letter of the correct tag question to complete each statement.16. Matter is anything that occupies space, ________________?a. is it b. isn’t it c. has it d. hasn’t it 3

17. Air occupies space and has weight, ________________? a. hasn’t it b. don’t it c. doesn’t it d. isn’t it d. doesn’t he18. Man cannot live without air, __________________? d. don’t they d. is it a. can he b. does he c. can’t he19. Even plants and animals need air, _________________? a. do they b. haven’t they c. have they20. Air is composed of many gases, ____________________? a. doesn’t it b. isn’t it c. does itSelf-checkA. Recognizing Synonyms1. a and c 4. c and d2. a and b 5. b and c3. b and dB. Inferring character traits, feelings and motives6. c 8. a 10. d 15. b7. b 9. d 20. bC. Forming Yes/No Questions11. a 13. b12. c 14. aD. Using Tag Questions16. b 18. a17. c 19. d Did you get a perfect score? Great! You did very well. This module will come easy to you. Did you score between 17 and 19? Good! Keep it up and study this module carefully so you’ll do even better. Is your score between 13 and 16? You’re on the right track. Study harder and work on this module very well so you can improve your score. Did you get only 12 or below? Don’t worry, study this module very well, do the exercises carefully and read more so you’ll do better. Good luck!Reading AdventurePre-reading What among your possessions do you consider the most valuable or important? Is this a gift,an heirloom or personally acquired through purchase? Suppose somebody would offer a veryhandsome price for it, would you sell it? Why or why not? 4

Look at the title of the story. What could the story be about? Write your guess in yournotebook. Start this way: [Looking at the title of the story, I think that the story is about….]While Reading The Oily Truth by Petrus Alphonsi Translated by William C. McDermott 1. Here’s a tale from the mysterious East that was written in the twelfth century. See if you don’t think it’s an ancestor of our modern detective stories. 2. It happened that a certain man died and left his only son his only possession – a house. 3. Now, the young man had to work hard to keep body and soul together and he lived in great poverty. But although he often went hungry, he did not wish to sell the house he had inherited from his father. 4. Often he was approached by his rich neighbor, who wanted to buy the house in order to make his own larger. But still the young man would not sell. 5. Finally the greedy man was convinced of the young man’s determination and considered more devious and underhanded means of getting the house away from him. If, the rich man thought in some way he could get the young man convicted of a crime, he could easily get the house. 6. He went to the youth and said, “Rent me part of your courtyard. I wish to store ten casks of oil in it, under the ground. The oil barrels will be no bother to you and you can certainly use the money I will pay you.” 7. With some doubts the young man agreed. But the neighbor did not bury ten full casks of oil in the courtyard. Instead, because he was unscrupulous, he buried five full casks and five half-ful casks. The young man knew nothing of this, for the rich man simply said, “I entrust my ten casks of oil to you.” 5

8. Some time later, oil became scarce. 15. The young man protested, “I know Learning of this, the wealthy man nothing of his casks, except that he decided to dig up his casks of oil in order buried them in my courtyard. I am an to sell them at a big profit. He offered the honest person and have never stolen young man a reward if he would help in anything. Least of all would I steal from the digging and the young man agreed. a man who has trusted me.9. Buyers were invited to examine the 16. The case against the young man oil as it was dug up, for the rich man looked very damaging. There seemed to wanted witnesses. When it was be no way that he could prove his discovered that five of the casks were innocence. only half full, the rich man took the youth into court. There he accused him of 17. The judge stroked his chin. Then he theft. turned to Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy and asked, “What do you think of the case,10. The judge, after hearing the wealthy sir?” man’s story, decided the youth should be brought to trial. But because he was fair, 18. And the wise man spoke as follows: the judge postponed the trial one day so ”The oil itself will tell us the truth. We that the young man could get evidence of all know that oil contains solid matter his innocence, if possible. called sediment-that settles to the bottom of the cask. A full cask will have quite a11. The poverty-stricken youth felt bit of this sediment at the bottom. Half a totally helpless, and despaired. Then he cask of oil will have only half as much. heard of a wise man called Mr. Aid-for- the-Needy. This man was said to be very 19. “Now, Judge, order that the sediment intelligent and beneficent. at the bottom of the casks be measured. If it is true that the young man dipped oil12. The young man sought out this sage, from five of the casks, those casks will who listened quietly to the story. The have the same amount of sediment as elderly man was touched by the youth’s there is in the full casks. sincerity, and was filled with pity. Finally he said, “ I believe I can help you. Be in 20. “If, however, the casks were only half court tomorrow and I will help prove you full when they were put into the ground, speak the truth.” there will be half as much sediment at the bottom.13. The next day, both the old wise man and the unhappy young man appeared in 21. The judge agreed to the wisdom of court. The judge was so impressed by the plan, and ordered that the sediment in the wisdom of Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy all the casks be measured. Sure enough, that he asked him to sit beside him. Then there was less solid matter at the bottom he ordered the trial to start. of the half-full casks. This proved that they never had been full.14. The rich man told his story first. “I trusted this youth with ten full casks of 22. Thus it was that the old wise man my oil. Not only did I trust him, but I proved the young man’s innocence. The paid him rent for the ground in which the youth went happily to his house and, casks were buried. Now I need the oil, although this was a sort of detective but when I went to get it, lo and behold, story, he probably lived happily ever I found that five of the casks were half after. empty. He has dipped oil from my barrels.” 6

Words Unlocked Did you like the story? Before we discuss it, let us first get the meaning of some unfamiliarwords used in the selection. There are several ways of arriving at the meaning of words.A. Using Context You may not always use the dictionary to get the meaning of words. Often you can tell themeaning of a word from the words around it. We call this getting meaning from context. Now you will practice this vocabulary skill. Find and write the words in your notebook. Writethe words used in the selection that match the definitions below. The number in parentheses tells youthe paragraph of the story to look at. 1. firmness of purpose (5) 2. barrel-shaped container for liquids (6) 3. without principles (7) 4. put off (10) 5. gave up hope (11) 6. kind (11) 7. one distinguished for wisdom (12)B. Words with Many Meanings Often a word has more than one meaning. Its meaning depends on how it is used in thesentence. Try this exercise. Choose the letter of the meaning of each word in boldprint as it is used in the story. Thenumber in parentheses tells you which paragraph of the story to look at.1. ground (6) 2. court (9) 3. case (16)A. soil, earth A. an enclosed yard A. boxB. reason for action B. a place of law B. evidenceC. foundation C. the residence of a king C. coveringC. Using Synonyms You have learned in past modules that some words have the same or nearly the samemeaning. For example, old has the same meaning as ancient; both words mean “dating from thedistant past.” Here is an exercise to show how good you are at recognizing synonyms. 7

Fill in the chain with the synonyms of the word in the first chain. Choose from the words inthe barrel. fair principled cunning tricky crooked mercenary selfish covetous avaricious dishonest reliable trustworthy upright acquisitive indirect1. greedy2. devious3. honestSelf-check Now let us see how well you were able to arrive at the meaning of some words without usingthe dictionary. Check your answers against this key to correction.A. Using Context1. determination 4. postponed 7. sage 3. b2. cask 5. despaired3. unscrupulous 6. beneficentB. Words with Many Meanings1. a 2. bC. Using Synonyms1. greedy: covetous, selfish, acquisitive, mercenary, avaricious2. devious: cunning, tricky, crooked, indirect, dishonest3. honest: fair, principled, upright, trustworthy, reliable 8

Perfect? You’re a fantastic reader! You can get the meaning of unfamiliar words even without the dictionary. That’s great!Is your score between 20 and 24? Very Good! Keep up the good work and sharpen your skill some more through reading.Is your score between 15 and 19? You’re doing fine. Develop your skill by more and more reading!Is your score 14 or lower? Cheer up! Give yourself a break-read, read and read. Happy reading!Post ReadingLet us see how well you understood the story.Scanning for Details Sometimes, you read only those parts of a reading material that will give you the informationyou need. One way of doing this is through scanning which is a hunt-skip-read search for answers tospecific questions. When you scan a material, you read as little as possible. You move your eyesrapidly over the page, looking for the information you need. Now, scan the selection for answers to the following questions. 1. What is the setting of the story? How do you know? 2. What was the young man’s only possession? How did he come to have it? 3. What was the economic status of the young man? 4. Who wanted to buy the property? Was the young man willing to sell? 5. What means did the rich man attempt to use to get the property? Did he succeed? Give proofs. 6. Who helped the young man with his problem? How?Understanding the StoryWrite the letter of the best answer for each question.1. The young man did not want to sell his house because hea. didn’t like his rich neighbor. b. wanted to rent it instead.c. had nothing else in the world. d. didn’t want to move from the city. 9

2. The rich neighbor wanted the youth’s house becausea. he wanted to enlarge his own. c. he needed more room to store oil.b. the house was very valuable. d. he thought he had a right to it.3. Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy helped the young man because hea. felt sorry for the youth. c. wanted to get the youth’s house himself.b. believed the youth was telling the truth. d. Both a and b.4. The rich man tried to involve the young man in a crime because hea. wanted revenge for something the youth had done.b. could think of no other way to get the young man’s house.c. thought he could get the court to return the stolen oil.d. wanted the youth to go to jail.5. The young man agreed to store the oil probably because hea. needed the rent money. c. really liked his neighbor.b. planned to steal the oil. d. was afraid of his neighbor.6. The neighbor’s plan to have the youth brought to trial was made a. before he buried the ten barrels of oil. b. when he discovered that his oil had been stolen. c. after he saw the youth would not sell the house. d. Both a and c.7. If the youth had stolen the oil it would have been easy to tell, because a. his oily fingerprints would have been found on the casks. b. the tops of the casks would have been loose or broken. c. there would have been the same amount of sediment in all the casks. d. oil would have been spilled on the ground around the casks.8. After the trial, the young man probablya. sold his house to another buyer.b. filed countercharges against his rich neighbor.c. gave his house to Mr. Aid-for-the Needy.d. lived peacefully and contentedly in his house.9. The young man is to be admired because he is a. determined and resourceful. b. principled and truthful. c. sentimental but reliable. d. poor but honest. 10

Self-check Do you want to know how you fared? Check your answers against those below.Scanning for Details 1. The story took place in the Middle East during the twelfth century. The introductory paragraph gives the setting. 2. A house. His father gave it to him. 3. The young man lived in poverty and he often went hungry. 4. His rich neighbor. No, the young man would not sell the house. 5. The rich man tried to involve the young man in a crime. No, he did not succeed. 6. The young man was helped by Mr. Aid-for-the-Needy, a very intelligent and beneficent old man.Understanding the Story 1. c. The house was his only possession; besides it was a gift from his dead father. 2. a. Perhaps, the rich man wanted more space. 3. d. He saw through the young man and knew he was telling the truth. 4. b. 5. a. He is poor, so he could use the rent money. 6. d. He had to devise a plan to get the house because he wanted it badly. 7. c. 8. d. 9. b. Perfect score is 15. Did you get it? Wow! Congratulations! You must have enjoyed reading it. If you scored between 11 and 14, you’re doing just fine! Keep up the good work. If you scored between 8 and 10, not bad! Just read some more. If you scored 7 or lower, better luck next time. Please study harder. Continue reading until you become a good reader.Write Thing Suppose you were falsely accused as the young man was. What would you do? How would you feel? Who would you turn to for help? Write your reflections on this issue in your notebook. 11

Skills Enhancer Two reading skills you have to master to become an effective reader are understandingsynonyms and making inferences. The former is a vocabulary skill, the latter is a comprehensionskill.Synonyms One More Time Here are additional exercises on synonyms to help you develop a wider vocabulary.Exercise 1. A Matching GameLook at the words in column A. For each word, look in column B and find the word that means thesame and write its letter in your notebook. Number 1 is answered for you.Column A Column B 1. calm a. silent 2. fatal b. man 3. absence c. late 4. voiceless d. deadly 5. certain e. quiet 6. tardy f. close 7. grief g. being away 8. male h. firm 9. near i. shy10. bashful j. sure11. hard k. sorrowAnswer: 1. eExercise 2. Solving a Crossword Puzzle Have you ever tried doing a crossword puzzle? It’s both fun and worthwhile. Try thefollowing word puzzle. But first, copy the puzzle in your notebook. When you’re ready, follow the followinginstructions. Look at the Across Column below. In the Synonym Column next to it, find the synonym foreach numbered word and write it in the corresponding boxes. Do the same for the Down Column.The number before the word tells you in which box to begin. 12

ACROSSD 1S PA 3 4 5 14O E 67 9W 8 11NE 12 13 10M 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22Across Column Synonym Column Down Column Synonym Column1. resort cheap 1. appear bit4. parched fair 2. deeds acts6. inexpensive mess 3. jinx throbs8. tariff beach 4. imitate job9. level thaws 5. thought hasty10. jumble film 7. hurried ape12. hurry spa 11. task lot15. obligation to 13. abound dwarf16. seashore duty 14. beats teem18. mist even 15. midget idea20. toward tax 17. morsel hex21. unbiased trot 19. quantity seem22. melts aridSelf-check Are you eager to find out how you performed? Okay, Check your answer against the answersbelow.Exercise 1. A Matching Game 13

1. e 5. j 9. f2. d 6. c 10. i3. g 7. k 11. h4. a 8. bExercise 2. Crossword Puzzle Across Down1. spa 1. seem4. arid 2. acts6. cheap 3. hex8. tax 4. ape9. even 5. Idea10. mess 7. hasty12. trot 11. job15. duty 13. teem16. beach 14. throbs18. film 15. dwarf21. fair 17. bit22. thaws 19. lot Perfect score is 52. Did you get that score? Fantastic! Congratulations! Did you get 42-51? Wonderful job! Keep it up. Did you get 32-41? Fine, but there is still so much room for improvement. Continue reading. Did you score 31 or lower? Keep on trying, it’s not yet late. Read and read some more so you can improve your vocabulary. Good luck!Making Inferences Inferring is reading between the lines or finding the hidden meaning. Literary writers maketheir readers do this to make reading more exciting and pleasurable. To help the reader they provideall kinds of clues to enable the reader’s mind to see thoughts suggested by what the words say andread more than what their eyes see. One kind of making inferences is inferring character traits,feelings and motives by what a person says or does. Read the following sentence and see how much you can tell about the character of the womanand even about her appearance, although the writer does not mention either. 14

At the very sight of her, the children would instantly stop their merry chatter andfreeze into silence until she was out of sight again.Answer the following questions. What was there about her that made the children stop their happy conversation? What did theysee in her face? Was she smiling or was her lips drawn into a tight line? Did they like her or fear her?Why? What clues suggested your answers? Were you surprised at the number of inferences you were able to make about the woman?This kind of reading will stir your imagination and make the character come alive to you. Now do thenext exercises.Exercise 2. Inferring character traits, feelings and motives.Write the letter that best completes the sentence.1. Molly threw her coat over a chair, flew past her surprised parents to her room, slammedthe door and flung herself face down on the bed. Molly feelsa. tired c. frightenedb. disappointed d. worried2. She spoke as if her tongue had been dipped in acid. She spokea. cheerfully c. angrilyb. calmly d. carefully3. I heard mother sigh, “I hope your father is safe on his way home tonight.” She felt silentafter that. The mother feelsa. anxious c. badb. confident d. proud4. I think Ana is guilty of telling lies about her family. When I visited their home, I learned that her parents are dead. An old aunt had been taking care of her since childhood. This aunt earns her living by selling comics and magazines in front of her house. Ana lied about her family because a. she was afraid to be alone. b. she was ordered by her aunt. c. she was ashamed of her family. d. she was popular in school.5. “They are all dead. The evil spirits that live in the mountains became angry. They pusheddown the mountainside and Tolya, Bantay and Bongsod were buried underneath.” Thespeaker isa. fanatical c. propheticb. superstitious d. religious 15

6. “I hold the world… but as the world a stage where every man must play a part, and mine asad one.” The trait revealed isa. resignation c. determinationb. endurance d. pride7. His right hand fumbled at his waist. But then both his hands balled themselves into mightyknotty fists of iron. The feeling expressed is one ofa. disappointment c. frustrationb. anger d. embarrassment8. “Beholding a man that had no feet, I offered up for God’s goodness and submitted withpatience to my want of shoes.” The speaker isa. cooperative c. obedientb. generous d. contented9. “Twenty talents,” he said icily. “My good fellow, I am afraid neither of you know yourbusiness. Anyone who knows me will tell you that I am well worth fifty talents.” Thespeaker isa. confident c. enviousb. boastful d. satisfied10. She had to paint horses; they were the only models she could afford because they costnothing. She isa. poor c. stingyb. lazy d. horse-loverSelf-check Let us see how good you are at reading between the lines. Check your answer against the keybelow. 1. b 4. d 7. b 10. a 2. c 5. b 8. d 3. a 6. a 9. b Did you get a perfect score? You’re simply great! Congratulations! Did you score 8 or 9? That’s good! Keep up the good work. Is your score 6 or 7 perhaps? Well, that’s fine but you need to improve further. If you score 5 or lower, do better next time. Practice reading more and more so you can improve your score. Good luck. 16

The next part of the module is about constructing questions which can be answered by eitheryes or no. Stay tuned.Language Focus This portion starts with a short narrative. Read the story and answer the questions followingit. Be Yourself A group of animals started a school. Each was going to study something he knew nothing about. So the duck, an excellent swimmer, took up running. Well, try as it might, it remained a poor runner…. And in the meantime became second-class in swimming too. The dog was a good runner, but it broke its leg trying to fly. The cockatoo was a natural at flying, but almost drowned trying to swim. At the end of all these special courses, none of the animals was very good at anything. The moral of the story is: Be what you are. Don’t try being what you are not; for if you aren’t what you are, what are you? - Quote It is a simple story but the message is profound, don’t you think so? Now answer the following questions. 1. Who are the characters in the narrative? 2. How do they behave? 3. What is the lesson taught by the narrative? 4. What literary type is the selection? Why? Let’s check your answers. If you answered duck, dog, and cockatoo in number 1, you’reright. For number 2, the answer is : The duck studied running; the dog, flying; and the cockatoo,swimming. The story teaches us not to try being what we are not. The selection is, of course, a fable, astory about animals that teaches a moral lesson. 17

Questions to elicit structure Read each question orally. Use the rising intonation. 1. Is the duck a good runner? 2. Can the dog fly? 3. Has the cockatoo learned to swim? 4. Did the animals become good at anything? 5. We shouldn’t be what we are not, should we?Here are some generalizations we can draw from the question and answer exercise. Some questions can be answered by yes or no. They are called yes/no questions. Insentences using the verb be we form questions by reversing the position of the subject and theverb. Look at the examples below. Statement Question Response Is the duck an excellent swimmer Yes, it is.The duck is an excellent swimmer. Is the duck a good runner? No, it isn't.The duck is not a good runner. If the verb is not a form of be but has a helping verb, we start the simple question withthe helping verb. The following are examples of this.Statement Question ResponseThe dog cannot fly. Can the dog fly? No, it can’t.Missey will come. Will Missey come? Yes, she will. No, she won’t. If the verb is not the form of be and if it has no helping verb, we supply a form of do(do, does, did) and change the main verb to simple or base form. 18

Statement Question ResponseThe story teaches a lesson. Does the story teach a lesson? Yes, it does./No, it doesn’t.They listen well. Do they listen well? Yes, they do./No, they don’t.The cockatoo almost drowned. Did the cockatoo almost drown? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.Practice asking yes-no questions by doing the following activities.Activity 1. Yes/No Question with Verbs to beThe following statements center on the topic light.Change each statement to a yes/no question. Number 1 is done for you. Light1. Light is a form of energy. Is light a form of energy?2. It is closely related to heat and nuclear energy. ______________________________________________3. Wherever there is light, there is usually heat. ______________________________________________4. We are dependent on light for the plants we grow and the food we eat. ____________________________________________________________5. The sun is our chief source of light. ____________________________________________________________6. It is a luminous body. ___________________________________________________________7. Fire, too is a luminous body. ____________________________________________________________8. A bonfire and a candle flame are luminous objects. ____________________________________________________________9. Luminous bodies are objects shining by its own light. _____________________________________________________________10. Light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ______________________________________________________________11. Radio waves, x-rays and gamma rays are also part of this spectrum. ______________________________________________________________ 19

Self-check Now, compare your answers with those that follow. 2. Is it closely related to heat and nuclear energy? 3. Is there usually heat wherever there is light? 4. Are we dependent on light for the plants we grow and the food we eat? 5. Is the sun our chief source of light? 6. Is it a luminous body? 7. Is fire a luminous body too? 8. Are a bonfire and a candle flame luminous objects? 9. Are luminous bodies objects shining by its own light? 10. Is light a part of the electromagnetic spectrum? 11. Are radio waves, x-rays and gamma rays also part of this spectrum? Score each item 2 points. Perfect score is 20. Perfect! Terrific! You’re a fast learner. Hats off to you! If you scored between 16 and 18 you did fine. Keep it up. If you scored between 12 and 14 that’s okay, but study harder, please. If you scored 10 or lower you really should devote more time in studying. Try the next exercise.Activity 2. Yes/no Questions with Has / Have Complete each sentence with has or have. 1. _____________________ you conducted an investigatory project? 2. _____________________ the class been given an assignment on one? 3. _____________________ the boys set up the apparatuses? 20

4. _____________________ Nina copied the procedure from the teacher’s manual?5. _____________________ the teacher assigned the group leaders?6. _____________________ anyone ever experienced doing an investigatory project before?7. _____________________ Liza and Meg agreed on who is going to write the report?8. _____________________ the class fully discussed the procedure?9. _____________________ the group members jotted down the important data?10. _____________________ we agreed on the date of submission?Self-checkDo you want to find out how you performed? Check your answers against those below.1. Have 4. Has 7. Have 10. Have2. Has 5. Has 8. Have3. Have 6. Has 9. Have Perfect score is 10. Did you score 10? Wow, you’re terrific! If you scored between 7 and 9 you did well, but you can do better. If you scored 6 or lower concentrate on your studies. You can do better than your present score. Good luck!Activity 3. Yes/No Questions with do, does or didThe topic of this grammar exercise is the Theory of Evolution.Change each statement to a yes/no question. Decide whether to use do, does or did.Number 1 is done for you. The Theory of Evolution1. Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution. Did Charles Darwin develop the theory of evolution?2. The theory of evolution introduced the idea that species change over a long period of time. ________________________________________________________________________3. This theory explains extinct forms, or fossils as ancestors of present day organisms. ________________________________________________________________________ 21

4. Fossils give evidence for evolution. ______________________________________________________________________5. Fossils preserved in successive vertical layers indicate the sequence in which plants and animals evolved. ______________________________________________________________________6. The theory of evolution helps to explain the variety of life. ______________________________________________________________________7. It also gives biologists a more logical way of classifying organisms. ______________________________________________________________________8. The theory raises questions as to the manner and means of its occurrence. ______________________________________________________________________9. The theory operates in natural selection. ______________________________________________________________________10. The theory of evolution occupies a unique place in biology. _____________________________________________________________________11. It formed a part of the foundations of biology. _____________________________________________________________________Self-check Compare your answers with those below to know how well you fared.2. `Did the theory of evolution introduce the idea that species change over a long period of time?3. Does this theory explain extinct forms, or fossils as ancestors of present day organisms?4. Do fossils give evidence for evolution?5. Do fossils preserved in successive vertical layers indicate the sequence in which plants and animals evolved?6. Does the theory of evolution help to explain the variety of life?7. Does it also give biologists a more logical way of classifying organisms?8. Does the theory raise questions as to the manner and means of its occurrence?9. Does the theory operate in natural selection?10. Does the theory of evolution occupy a unique place in biology?11. Did it form a part of the foundation of biology? 22

Score every correct answer as 2. Perfect score is 20. Did you get 20? Wonderful! Congratulations! You mastered your yes/no questions. Did you score 16 or 18? Good work. Keep it up! Did you score 12 or 14? You’re okay but please study harder. Did you score 10 or lower? Please spend more time in your studies and do better next time. The next exercise will give you practice in making tag questions, or short yes-no questionsadded to statements to seek confirmation.Activity 4. Using Tag Questions Add a tag question to each statement then give a short affirmative or negative response. Thefirst one is done for you.Solar Energy 1. The sun gives off solar energy, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. 2. Solar energy can be in the form of heat or light, ___________? _________________. 3. The earth is always receiving solar energy, ________________? ________________. 4. Solar energy is partly absorbed and partly reflected, ___________? ______________. 5. Light-colored objects cannot absorb solar energy well, __________? _____________. 6. The earth has a blanket of air around it, ___________________? _________________. 7. The atmosphere keeps the earth’s surface from getting much hotter or much colder, __ ________________? ___________________. 8. Without the atmosphere, the plants and animals that live on earth could not exist, ____ ________________? __________________. 9. The angle of sunlight affects the temperature of a sunlit surface, _______________? ________________. 10.Some parts of the earth are not as warm as others at the same time of the year, ______ ______________? ________________. 11. Some parts of the earth have the same temperature year round, __________________? _______________________________.Self- checkLet’s find out how you performed. Check your answers against those below. Score 1 pt. forthe tag question and another point for the response.2. can’t it? Yes, it can. 7. doesn’t it? Yes, it does.3. isn’t it? Yes it is. 8. could it? No, it couldn’t.4. isn’t it? Yes, it is. 9. doesn’t it? Yes it does.5. can it? No, it can’t. 10. are they? No, they aren’t.6. doesn’t it? Yes, it does. 11. don’t they? Yes, they do. 23

Perfect score is 20. Perfect? Superb! If your score is between 16-19, you’re doing a good job! Keep it up. If your score is between 12-15, you’re doing just fine but you can still do better. Study harder. If your score is 11 or below please spend more time for your studies. Good luck! Write Thing Read the story below and form five simple or yes/no questions and five tag questions based on it. Be What You Are A.R. Walls Once there was a snake who was not happy because he seemed to upset everyone. He never did anything wrong, and yet, everybody ran away from him, or else they threw sticks and stones at him. He figured out that it must be because of his personal appearance and so he made up his mind to change that. He placed his tail in his mouth and formed himself into a perfect circle. He then stiffened himself and seemed perfectly wooden. Soon some children found him, pounced on him eagerly and screamed, “Oh, what a pretty green hoop.” And taking a stick, they began to roll it along the ground, every now and then giving it a smart smack to keep it rolling along. The poor snake stood the punishment as long as he could. At the first opportunity, he rolled off into the bushes and slipped back into his former shape and slithered away safely. “I have learned my lesson,” he said to himself, “that no matter how unfortunate my lot, I don’t gain anything by pretending to be someone else.”Everyday Expressions You may not be aware but you use idioms in conversation and in writing. Because idioms areusually short but forceful, writers frequently use them. An idiom is an expression that has developed naturally in a language. An idiomaticexpression, generally, cannot be changed nor can the arrangement of the words be altered. Therefore,you must carefully note the exact words that make up the expression and remember the exactarrangement of words. Remember that fluency in English include a mastery of its idioms. 24

I. Study the following two-word verbs or idioms. fall back on – go back to for help fall behind – lag behind fall for – have a crush on; be attracted to fall in – take one’s proper place in line; collapse. fall off – decrease fall out – happen; withdraw fall through – failII. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the idiomatic expression chosen from the list. 1. Imee ___________________ tall, fair and good-looking guys. 2. Lucy is highly dependable; we can always _______________ her if anything goes wrong. 3. The students __________________ line and trooped to their classroom quietly after they were reprimanded by the teachers. 4. Canteen sales tend to ___________________ from August to October. 5. Addicted to computer games, Roberto _______________his studies. 6. Mayet had to ______________ of the skills competition because of illness. 7. The PTA is having a raffle on Saturday afternoon unless it _______________________ because of bad weather. 8. Vic and Boyet always ______________________ a pretty face. 9. Class attendance is ________________ thus the teacher decided to do home visitation. 10. The old building __________________ during the earthquake. 25

Self-checkWant to know how you fared? Check your answers against those below.1. falls for 6. fall out2. fall back on 7. falls through3. fell in 8. fall for4. fall off 9. falling off5. fell behind 10. fell in Now try to use the two-word verbs in your own sentences. Write them in your notebook. Giveyourself a pat on the shoulder because you have finished the module. Do you want to assess howmuch you have learned from it? If so, take the posttest.PosttestA. Recognizing SynonymsLook at the rows of words below. In each row there are two words with similar meanings.Write the letters of those two words on your answer sheet.1. a. fire b. employ c. upper d. hire2. a. needed b. pleasing c. proud d. required3. a. loyal b. light c. faithful d. high4. a. strive b. bloom c. flower d. thrive5. a. last b. final c. first d. momentB. Inferring Character Traits, Feelings and Motives.Write the letter of the answer to the question after the passage.6. “You old leech, you’ve killed others this way, but you’ll see. You’ll see, you thieving woman.” The feeling expressed is a. jealousy c. disappointment b. vindictiveness d. defiance7. For yesterday is but a dream And tomorrow is only a vision But today, well-lived makes every yesterday a dream of happiness And every tomorrow a vision of hope The speaker is a/an 26

a. dreamer c. realistb. optimist d. idealist8. “ I had a dream and I went to Madam Auring to ask her what it could possibly mean.” Thespeaker isa. romantic c. propheticb. inquisitive d. superstitious9. Laugh and be merry, remember, better the world with a song. The speaker isa. carefree c. wiseb. cheerful d. foolish10. Patricia Ann paused breathlessly in the doorway to the living room and her heart failedher. It was a dark den. Patricia Ann feelsa. contempt c. fearb. joy d. sorrowC. Forming Yes / No QuestionChoose the letter of the correct yes/no question equivalent of the following statements. 11. Matter is the substance of the physical world. a. Is the substance of matter the physical world? b. Is matter the substance of the physical world? c. Can matter be the substance of the physical world? 12. Atoms are the basic components of matter. a. Do atoms compose matter? b. Are the basic components of matter atoms? c. Are atoms the basic components of matter? 13. Low temperature can change liquid matter to solid. a. Can low temperature change liquid matter to solid? b. Does low temperature change liquid matter to solid? c. Is liquid matter changed to solid by low temperature? 14. Water expands when it is frozen. a. When frozen, does water expand? b. Does water expand when it is frozen? c. Did water expand when frozen? 15. Physics deals with the study of the three states of matter. a. Does physics deal with the study of the three states of matter? b. Do physics deal with the study of the three states of matter? c. Is physics deal with the study of the three states of matter? 27

D. Using Tag QuestionsChoose the letter of the correct tag question to complete each statement.16. Plastics and synthetic fibers are not natural fibers, __________________? a. are they b. aren’t they c. is it d. isn’t it17. Today, we must conserve fuel and energy, ______________________? a. don’t we b. aren’t we c. mustn’t we d. shouldn’t we18. The book describes Philippine Architecture, ____________________? a. is it b. don’t it c. does it d. doesn’t it19. The merry makers celebrated noisily, _________________________? a. did they b. didn’t they c. don’t they d. do they20. The atom was thought to be the smallest particle of matter, _______________? a. was it b. isn’t it c. is it d. wasn’t itSelf-checkNow check your answers against the key that follows.A. Recognizing Synonyms 1. b and d 4. b and c 2. a and d 5. a and b 3. a and cB. Identifying character traits, feelings and motives 6. b 8. d 10. c 7. c 9. aC. Forming yes/no question 11. b 13. a 15. a 12. c 14. bD. Using tag questions 16. a 18. d 20. d 17. c 19. b Got a perfect score? Fantastic! You’ve really made good use of the module. Congratulations! You deserve a trophy. Did you score between 17 and 19? Very good! Keep up the good work. Did you score between 14 and 16? Good, but you could have done better. Did you score 13 or lower? Perhaps it is best that you study this module again specially where you are weakest. Good luck. 28

Before you put aside this module, spend some time reflecting on what you have learned fromit. Use this format in your reflective journal. Reflective Journal Name : _____________________________________ School :______________________________________  What did I think or feel about the module? Why?  What did I learn from this module?  What was particularly significant for me? Why?  How will I apply what I have learned to my life? 29

Module 2 Being a Nationalistic LearnerOverview What is nationalism? Is it loving and being proud of one’s country and her ideals, of herpeople and her dreams and aspirations, and of all that she stands for? Yes, it is and something more. Nationalism has many faces. You see it in the patience and fortitude of farmers and fishermenas they go to their fields or put out to sea before sunrise to feed a nation. You hear it in thedetermined voices of teachers in the classrooms as they fashion the minds of the youth and in theencouraging voices of doctors and nurses in clinics and hospitals as they attend to the sick and thedying. You feel it in the atmosphere of factories and piers as workers sweat it out to turn the wheelsof industry. You hear it in the tramping feet of soldiers as they advance to protect the rights and livesof civilians. Finally you see and feel it in the earnest and ceaseless efforts of volunteer workers asthey courageously and willingly risk their lives to save the victims of calamities. This module focuses on helping you develop the value of true nationalism. After goingthrough this module, you will hopefully be able to determine for yourself which of the many facespresented is the true face of nationalism. 1

ObjectivesAfter working on the exercises in this module you will be able to 1. arrive at the meaning of unfamiliar words through context clues 2. pick out the clues in the sentence that help point to the meaning of a word 3. note details and make inferences 4. get the main idea and the theme of a selection 5. identify referents and sensory images 6. distinguish literal language from figurative language 7. identify and interpret figurative language 8. make inquiries 9. respond clearly to questions 10. write a personal reflection on a given topicInstructions1. Do not write anything on this module as several students will be using it. Do all your work in your notebook. Be sure to label your work by the module number and title. Keep a separate notebook for your Reflective Journal.2. Read each section carefully. If you have not read the first two sections, go over them first.3. Each module begins with an Overview or brief introduction followed by a list of Objectives that you are expected to learn.4. Before working on the activities answer the Pretest first. Find out how well you did by checking you answers against the answers given under the Self-check of the pretest.5. As you work on the activities, try to relate them to the objectives of this module. What skill or strategy does the activity develop?6. After each activity, go over the Self-check that follows to find out how will you fared in that activity. Pay attention to the items you missed. Learn from your mistakes.7. After working on all activities, take the Posttest. 2

PretestI. Vocabulary: Using Context CluesWrite the letter of the answer that is closest in meaning to the italicized word.1. He is an agile basketball player. He moves easily and quickly on the hard court. a. strong b. fast c. experienced d. powerful2. I had made this request before but I should like to reiterate it now. a. explain b. ask c. prove d. repeat3. The meticulous student reviewed his test paper so carefully that there was not a single error tobe found. a. intelligent b. punctual c. careful d. observant4. Government is trying hard to ameliorate the housing condition of the urban poor by buildinglow cost houses. a. improve b. lessen c. end d. raise5. The firemen heard the occupants of the burning building shouting and coughing. The smokewas suffocating them. a. choking b. helping c. burning d. heatingII. Identifying ReferentsWrite the word to which the underlined pronoun refers. 1. It was perhaps the education which I received from my tenderest infancy which has molded my habits. 2. The sky would seem to look clear and blue when we heard mother’s voice although it was not always bright. 3. Molecules of a substance in liquid form are closer together and move more slowly than those in a gaseous state. 4. One of the most famous stories in the world is that of the wooden horse. 5. Because the moon has no atmosphere, scientists are looking forward to setting up an observatory there. 3

III. Identifying Sensory Images Write the letter of the dominant sensory image suggested by the following lines. Choose fromthe box below. a. touch c. sight e. smell b. motion d. sound f. taste1. Pebbles cold and sharp under my feet2. Green mangoes with bagoong3. Perfume, roses and baking bread4. Continuous as the stars that shine5. The grating of cartwheels on the pebblesIV. Making InferencesRead the passages carefully then write the letter of the best answer to each question that follows.1. The battle continued furiously. It was like a hurricane. I could not see what was going onbecause it was so fast and feathers were flying and rising all around like smoke. What isdescribed?a. a badminton match c. a cockfightb. a whirlwind d. wild duck hunting2. The night had come quickly and stars were twinkling overhead. We could hear the mightythrob of the engine far below down the deck. Where were the people?a. on a train c. on a planeb. in a trailer d. on a ship3. “We can only set out nets a few times a day. Setting the nets and hauling them in takes a lot oftime and work.” Who is the speaker?a. a stevedore c. an acrobatb. a fisherman d. a hunter4. Tense, silent moments of pain followed when the old body was shaken with the agony of knifemeeting flesh. And calm, sure hands ripped open the boil on the quivering lid; knife cut anerve, nerve trembled with infinite pain. What is going on?a. a surgical operation c. a stabbing affrayb. a vehicular accident d. slaughter5. “ I circle several times while I lose altitude trying to penetrate the darkness from differentvantage point, getting the lay of the land as well as I can in the darkness. Who is the speaker?a. a skydiver c. a cameramanb. a pilot d. a photographer 4

V. Understanding Figurative Language Each number consists of an initial statement that uses a figure of speech and threeinterpretations. In your notebook write the letter of the figure of speech used on the first number andthe letter of the interpretation that best expresses the meaning of the statement on the second number.Choose the figure of speech from the box below.a. simile d. hyperboleb. metaphor e. apostrophec. personification1-2. The stalks were taking on gold in the late afternoon sun. a. The palay were turning to gold. b. The palay were ripening. c. The palay were drying up.3-4. From the cradle to the grave is but a day. a. The baby died one day after it was born. b. The cradle is a day’s walk to the grave. c. Life is short.5-6. My uncle is as talkative as a parrot. a. My uncle talks a lot. b. My uncle is a politician. c. My uncle doesn’t talk much.7-8. Freedom: Let your bells ring. a. The speaker longs for freedom. b. The speaker wants to hear the bells. c. The speaker rings the bells of freedom.9-10. The man is a diamond in the rough. a. He is wealthy. b. He wears precious stones c. He is good despite his appearance. 5

F. Using Information QuestionsComplete the dialogs with the correct question words as suggested by the responses. 1. Q: ______________ were you absent last Friday? A: Because I had a sore throat. 2. Q: ______________ is that aromatic odor coming from? A: The kitchen, I suppose. 3. Q: ______________ is that boy approaching us? A: Paolo. 4. Q: ______________ birthday are we celebrating on December 25? A: Jesus Christ’s. 5. Q: ______________ will you bring with you tomorrow? A: Some sandwiches, juices and fun snacks.Self-checkI. Vocabulary. Using Context Clues 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. a 5. moonII. Identifying Referents 5. d 1. education 3. molecules 5. b 2. sky 4. stories 9. b 10. cIII. Identifying Sensory Images 1. a 2. f 3. e 4. cIV. Making Inferences 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. aV. Understanding Figurative Language 1. b 3. d 5. a 7. e 2. b 4. c 6. a 8. a 6

VI. Using Information Questions 3. Who 4. Whose 5. What 1. Why 2. WherePerfect? Hats off to you! You’re great!Is your score between 30-39? Very good! Keep up the good work.If your score is between 20-29 you did fine. This module can help you do better.But if you got 19 or lower you really should study this module very closely. Good luck!Words Unlocked Quite often when you come across an unfamiliar word in a text, there are words in thesentence that give you an idea of its meaning. These are context clues. These clues may be foundbefore or after the unfamiliar word. They will not give you the full meaning of the word but enoughof it so you can make sense of the word and understand the sentence where it is found. The italicized words below are used in the selection you are going to read. See if you canguess its meaning through the context clues provided. Pick out the clue/s to the meaning of each italicized word in the sentence then choose thecorrect meaning from the options given.1. Patricia Ann was enjoying the sight of her image on the clear surface of the pond when a breezeblew and her image became a blur on the rippled surface. A rippled surface hasa. little wavelets b. dark spots c. small plants2. The ship is like a plough furrowing the sea.a. wrinkling b. planting c. plowing3. A few decades ago, our mountains were covered with trees and other vegetation making themverdant. Something verdant isa. abundant b. green c. fruit-laden4. The vanquished rebels laid down their arms to prevent more bloodshed.a. surrounded b. victorious c. defeated5. The wrestlers grapple with each other in the arena. a. seize and hold firmly b. catch and tie loosely c. box and kick viciously 7

6. The sprawling vines covered most of the porch. Something sprawling isa. well arranged b. similarly grouped c. spread irregularly7. Our love for freedom is a heritage from our ancestors.a. inheritance b. commitment c. privilege8. We must protect our freedom from tyranny. a. absolute power by a groups of men b. oppressive power exerted by a single ruler c. democratic power exercised by governmentSelf-check 1. image become blur; a 2. plough; c 3. covered with trees and other vegetation; b 4. laid down their arms; c 5. wrestlers; a 6. covered most of the porch; c 7. from our ancestors; a 8. protect our freedom; b Perfect? You’re terrific! Congratulations! If you scored 10 or higher very good! Keep it up. However, if you scored 9 or lower please do better in the succeeding activities.Reading AdventurePre-reading The Filipino has a rich heritage and the Philippines is endowed with great resources – humanand natural. Our ancestors came to this islands in search of freedom for themselves and their children.Though our country had been colonized again and again by foreign powers our forefathers hadsteadfastly kept the fire of freedom burning in their hearts and had passed on that torch making usproud of our race, our country and our people. Are you proud of being a Filipino? What things make you proud of being one? List themdown in your notebook. 8

Look at the title. What do you think are the author’s reasons for saying so?While Reading While reading the poem, compare the list you made with the author’s. Are you both proud forthe same reasons? Find out. I Am Proud To Be A Filipino Toribia Maño I am a Filipino. I came from islands rippled with sun Where days are green fires and nights are warm With moon and stars. Girdling my loins is blood rich as milk For I was born of sultans, rajahs, kings, Soldiers, heroes who fought to sing The poetry of freedom. My house is my land Virgin, brown, wombed out of loam, volcanic rock and shells, Carpeted with rice, corn, coconut, cane, trees That rise as temples to grapple winds 9

Rains, mighty rivers furrowing the earth.Where I walk, my shadow is a marriage of flagsMalay, Chinese, Spanish, American, JapaneseWhile in my bones sleep quietly as a brideVanquished desires of conquerors who dreamt of empires,Gold, trade and spice. Though a paly breedI stand with the ancients for my love and loyaltyAre as fish to the sea. I am proud of my brownness,My duty and destiny are thirty-million brown menPlanting rice, husking coconut, throwing nets far into the PacificHacking mountains of iron, coal, chrome, manganese and timberTo live. We are one and the same. A moving, restless caravanOf dark brown skins building a holy heritage of democracyPiece by piece with our dreams, sweat and deathAs a bird builds patiently twig by twigThe warm, brown circle of its nest.I am a Filipino. I believe in the goodness and the bounty of God,I believe in the grandeur of charity and peace as a cure for the ills of manFor I am a Christian who looks upon all menAs brothers whose task it is to love.I believe in my country and in the deathlessness of my flagFor its every color is a history of courage, sacrifice, deathAgainst injustice, tyranny, oppression and hate.I believe in my people as noble keepers of the faith:That all men are equal; that all men are free.I believe with verdant and sprawling mountains, hills, valleys, plains,Lakes, waterfalls, rivers, sunsets, beachesAnd a generous sea. Alive, sovereign, wondrously happy in work and abundant with hope for my people.I am proud to be a Filipino. 10

Post ReadingUnderstanding the Poem Let’s see how well you understood the poem. Do the following activities.A. Choose the letter of the phrase that completes the sentence. 1. The poem is mainly about a. pride in being a Filipino. b. equality of all Filipinos. c. characteristics of a Filipino. 2. The writer says that the Filipino is a. a victim of injustice. b. of noble origin. c. basically generous. 3. The Filipino is by nature a. poor but brave and religious. b. peace-loving but proud and ambitious. c. charitable, hardworking and freedom-loving. 4. The value the poem aims to develop in the reader is a. industry b. obedience c. nationalismB. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. 1. We should be proud of being Filipinos because of our ancestral beginnings. 2. The Philippines is rich in natural and human resources. 3. Today, our goal as a people is to achieve democracy. 4. As a people, we have a rich national and cultural heritage. 5. There were thirty-million Filipinos during the Spanish times. 6. The Philippines had been under colonial rule for centuries; thus, the Filipino is submissive. 11

7. As a people we believe in God though we know and call Him by different names.8. The Filipino is a lover of peace and of his fellowmen.Self-check 3. c 5. F 7. T 4. c 6. T 8. TUnderstanding the Poem 3. F A. 1. a 4. T 2. b B. 1. T 2. TC. Identifying Referents of Words Read each passage carefully. Then identify the word to which the underlined word refers.Number 1 is done for you. 1. “As a bird builds patiently twig by twig The warm, brown circle of its nest.” Answer: its refers to bird 2. “I believe in my country and in the deathlessness of my flag For its color is a history of courage, sacrifice and death.” 3. “I came from islands rippled with sun Where days are green fires....” 4. “..... A moving, restless caravan Of dark brown skins building a holy heritage of democracy Piece by piece with our dreams, sweat and death.” 12

Self-check 3. islands 4. caravan of dark brown skins 1. bird 2. flagHere’s another exercise on identifying the referents of words.D. Match the underlined word in A with its referent in B AB1. men planting rice a. miners2. the ancients b. laborers3. men husking coconuts c. our Spanish colonizers4. men throwing nets into the Pacific d. our forefathers5. men hacking timber e. farmers6. conquerors who dreamt of empires, f. the Filipinos gold, trade and spice g. lumberjacks7. a moving restless caravan of h. fishermen dark brown skins8. men hacking mountains of iron, coal and chromeSelf-checkD. 1. e 3. b 5. g 7. f 2. d 4. h 6. c 8. aE. Identifying Sensory Images Words are not just letters printed on paper. They tell of things that you see, hear, smell, tasteand feel. There are six sensory images in literature namely: 1.) sight, which appeals to the sense ofseeing; 2) sound, which appeals to the sense of hearing; 3) touch, which appeals to the sense offeeling; 4) taste, which appeals to the sense of taste; 5) smell, which appeals to the sense ofsmelling; 6) motion, which appeals to the sense of seeing with another dimension, that is,movement. Let’s practice what you have learned. Do these activities. 13

Activity 1Write the sensory image found in each of the following passages. Choose from the bubbles below. motion sight smellsmell touch taste 1. “the hurrying ebb tide” 2. “a bang of drums and a shrill of piper” 3. “putrid like old cheese” 4. “glistened like beaten cotton” 5. “thick pink imperial slices melting frigidly on sun-parched tongue” 6. “a grain of sand in the eye” 7. “wet grass between my toes” 8. “broiled chicken, roasts a roasting” 9. “little rills purled underneath greening fern” 10. “scampered and scurried to and fro”Here’s another exercise on identifying sensory images. 14