ມ.2_ວິທະຍາສາດທຳມະຊາດ_ຄູ່ມື_NatSci

76j,n76 ;ymtpklkf me,t-kf -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu @ 0Po c]t IP[IP’3fp G rvo9ao 7e[5orao IlD [5omq[ rtw-lq,[af l6omvo cl’l5]ypt;q’ 7ervo 9aofk;q’ f;’xu l5me,t;q’ [5o3I, oaomt;q’ grfa lt\\vo lu[o5 gInv’ [5o9ao lul5d lkplt\\vo w-pt]kf lumv’ xkj w9-q’j d;fcd3h fp G IlD ,tou9ao w-pt;q’ [oa okmdy ko3fp G mv’cdh; vklk g0kQ |kh 3fp G 9aomtw] gdufs^hk dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t dy]k lt4k[oa 7oQ 7;kh ;ymtpklkfdkoldb lk ;P’9aoF @W!@

7eoe lt4k[oa 7oQ 7;kh ;my tpklkfdkoldb lk wfIh [a dko,v[\\kp9kddt-;’ldb lkmdy ko.sh rafmtoks^adl6fF c[[IPoF 7j6,n76 c]tljndkoIPodkolvovjnoM3fpltgrktc,joljnljy’ry, mu.j -xh tdv[dkoIPo{dkolvo le][a dkoldb lklk,oa grnvj l’jq glu,dkoIPo{dkolvo .sgh xoa wx8k,s^adl6f c]t [ao]5wfh8k,95fxtlq’0v’sa^dl6fD xB,76j,n;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kf-Ao,afmtpq,8Qoxumulv’ X,D @? sq;oU wfhIP[IP’0Bo 3fpmu,’korafmtoxB,c[[IPo c]t 76j,n76;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kf 8k,sa^dl6fxt8yI6[ dkolbdlk lt[a[lhk’0Bo.oxu@WW_D 95fxtlq’grnvj .sh76.-hgxaoco;mk’le]a[dko9afdkoIPo{ dkolvo;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kf.sh[ao]5wfh8k,95fxtlq’mu;j k’w;h.osa^dl6fD goNv.o0v’xB,76,j n76sq;oU];,,uG 7ecotoe];,dPj ;da[;ymudkolyflvo;y-k;ymtpklkf me,t-kfle]a[-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk8vo8QoF 7ecotoedPj ;da[dkolvoc8]j tgoNv.o[qfIPo mju]t[5.osa^dl6fD faj’oahoF grjnv.shdkolvoc8j]tgoNv.o.shwfhIa[zqofuF djvofegouodkolvo 786 vh ’ldb lk7oQ 7;kh 9f5 xtl’q 0v’dkoIPodkolvogovN .oooah .sgh 0khq .91kj ’g]dy g-’yj ;kj dkolvo goNv.ooAogrnjv.shoadIPowfhspa’ c]t wfh.o]tfa[.fD ;ymudkolyflvoc8]j tgoNv.omujltg|uw;h.oxB,76,j n76sq;oU [+.sh764n;kj gxao;ymumujlq,[6oc[[ c8.j sh4n;kj gxaorP’;ymu|bj’.os^kp;ymulvomujgsao;kj 9twfhzqogmqkj oAoD fa’j oAoF g;]klvo8q;9y’ 3fpvu’.lgj ’nvj ow0]tfa[7;k,Ia[Ih60v’oadIPoF9eo;ooadIPo8+shv’F g’nvj ow0v5xtdvomu,j u s^n skwfh .s7h z6 l6h vox[a xPj o;my lu vo.sgh \\ktl,q d[a g’vnj ow08;q 9’y dPj ;d[a oda IPo c]t vx5 tdvom,uj u 0v’8qooAoD c8gj 4y’1kj ’.fd=fuF ;ymulyflvomuj.-hoAo d=8hv’gxao;ymumujlq’j glu,dko,ul;j oI;j ,0v’ oda IPo.odko7oQ sk7;k,I36h fp380v’oda IPogv’.ssh ^kpgmkjq m9uj ts^kpwfDh xB,76j,n76sq;oU cooj vo;kj 9t,us^kp1kj ’muj[+cmfg\\kt c]t zyfrkf16js^kp1kj ’D fa’j oAoF mu,’kozh6IP[IP’9bj’0=7;k,I;j ,,n9kd76vk9ko c]t zh6mujwfhvkj oF wfhoe.-hma’s^kp 4hkgsao [aosk.f[+cmfg\\kt s^n zyfrkf dt]5oklq’j 7e7yf7egsaowxpa’lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkf dkoldb lk grvnj 9twfgh d[a degvkq 7egsoa 0v’r;dmkj ow;gh xoa 0,=h o6 mfuj lu e][a dkoffa cdh c]t x[a x’5 .shfu0Bo.ovtok7qfD lt4k[oa 7oQ 7;kh ;ymtpklkfdkoldb lks;’a 1kj ’py’j ;kj xB,s;q oU9tgxoa xt3spfle][a 76zhlvo.odko9afdkoIPo{dkolvo .sh[ao]5wfh8k,95fxtlq’ c]t gxaolj;o|jb’0v’dko rafmtok7;k,Ih6 c]t madlt0t[;odko;ymtpklkf.shcdoj adIPoD lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk ;ymtpklkf dkolbdlk @W!W

lk]t[ko |hk rkdmu IG laf ................................................................................................ 1ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [fq mu ! G 9]5 ’a lfa .................................................................. 1 [fq mu @ G dkol[n roa 0v’lfa ...................................................... 3 [qfmu # G dkog8u[.sp0j v’laf .................................................. 6 [fq mu $ G dko9fa c[’j 9er;d0v’lfa ............................................ 8 [fq mu & G dko0tspkproa lfa ................................................... 12 [fq mu * G dkox[a x’5 roa lfa ....................................................... 13 [qfmu ( G rtpkfmuj,adgdufda[laf c]t dkoxhv’dao ............................ 15 [fq mu ) G dkovto]5 da lfa ......................................................... 18 rkdmu IIG dkoxPjocx’0v’;af45 ............................................. 21 [qfmu _ G dkoxPoj cx’mk’fhko2u-yd c]t fhkog7,u.................................... 21 [fq mu !W G dko]t]kp0v’;fa 45 ................................................................... 24 [fq mu !! G dko1nf{sfq 0v’;fa 4p5 vh o7;k,Ivh o ............................................. 28 rkdmu IIIG dkocpd;af45lq,xqo .................................................................. 32 [fq mu !@ G dkocpd;fa 4l5 ,q xoq m[uj +gxoa govN fP; .............................................. 32 [fq mu !# G dkocpd;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mguj xoa govN fP; ................................................ 39 rkdmu IVG 7;k,cI’ ............................................................ 43 [fq mu !$ G ,t3ork[7;k,cI’{7;k,cI’xtgrf8kj ’M .............................. 43 [qfmu !& G dko;afcmd7;k,cI’ c]t vkj o7kj 7;k,cI’ ........................... 46 [fq mu !* G dkoltcf’7;k,cI’ ................................................................ 48 [qfmu !( G ,;olko c]t oE|ad.................................................................. 50 [fq mu !) G 7;k,cI’Id5 46............................................................................ 53 [fq mu !_ G dkol’a ];,7;k,cI’ ................................................................ 56 [fq mu @W G 7;k,cI’fo5 fPj ’ ....................................................................... 59 rkdmu VG 7;k,fao ................................................................................... 61 [qfmu @! G ,t3ork[7;k,fao...................................................................... 61 [qfmu @@G 7;k,fao0v’ 0v’cs^; ............................................................... 63 [qfmu @# G 7;k,fao0v’ 0v’cs^;mujdtmq[.l0j hk’ c]t rNo0v’vkj ’ ............. 66 [qfmu @$ G vkj ’];j ’dao c]t dkooe.-h ........................................................ 69 [qfmu @&G dkolq’j 7;k,fao0v’dkl c]t 7;k,fao[aopkdkf .................... 71 [qfmu @* G g7vnj ’;fa cmd7;k,foa [oa pkdkf ................................................. 74 [qfmu @( G 7;k,cI’p6hdtmq[.l;j af4595,j .o0v’cs^;{dqfgdovkd-uc,af .......... 74

rkdmu VI G ]t[q[oyg;f .............................................................................. 78 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [fq mu @) G 7;k,Irh6 Bo4kodPj ;d[a ]t[[q oyg;f ................................................ 78 [qfmu @_ G [qf[kf0v’l’yj mu,j u-u;yf.o]t[q[oyg;f ............................................ 81 [fq mu #WG dkor;q roa 0v’l’yj mu,j u-u;yfmu1j Ij6 ;j ,doa ........................................... 84 [qfmu #! G xafw9oyg;f,uzqoltmhvo8+Ikj ’dkpmu,j u-u;yf..................................... 86 [qfmu #@ G dkorq;rao]ts;kj ’l’yj m,uj u-u;yfda[l’yj c;f]hv,m[uj +,u-u;yf................ 89 [qfmu ## G xt-kdvo.o]t[q[oyg;f ............................................................. 91 [qfmu #$ G xkj w,h c]t oE ............................................................................ 95 [fq mu #&G 0UgspNvd[a 7o5 otrk[-u;yf ............................................................. 97 [fq mu #* G dkooegvkq 0gU spvN ,k.-7h on .\\j ..................................................... 99 rkdmu VII G dkoxjPocx’0v’|hk3]d ................................................... 102 [fq mu #( G 37’lkh ’0v’gxvn d3]d ............................................................... 102 [qfmu #) G s^ad4ko c]t 0=h,6omk’m=]tou;ymtpk.......................................... 106 [qfmu #_ G vkp5mk’m=]tou;ymtpk c]t -kdfbdfe[ao ................................. 109 [fq mu $WG dko9fa ]ef[a -oA suo ................................................................... 112 rkdmu VIII G -a[rtpkdvo.ofyo ............................................................. 114 [qfmu $! G sou ............................................................................................ 114 [fq mu $@ G suo-toyf8kj ’M .......................................................................... 116 [qfmu $# G cImj kf8kj ’M ............................................................................ 122 rkdmu IX G ]adltot0v’oE .................................................................... 124 [qfmu $$G ]adltotm;qj wx0v’oE ................................................................ 124 [qfmu $& G oEvvj o{oEdtfhk’ c]t ;ymucdhw0oEdtfhk’............................... 128 rkdmu X G ]adltot0v’vkdkf .............................................................. 132 [qfmu $* G ]adltotm;jq wx0v’vkdkf ......................................................... 132 [qfmu $( G 7;k,fao0v’vkdkf ................................................................. 136 [qfmu $) G v5ostr6, c]t 7;k,-5j,0v’vkdkf ......................................... 138 rkdmu XI G cl’lts;jk’ .......................................................................... 140 [qfmu $_ G [+cl’F ]aflt\\ucl’ c]t g]qkcl’ ............................................ 140 [fq mu &W G dkog7vjn om0ju v’cl’.................................................................. 143 [fq mu &! G dkoltmvh ocl’1|6j kh c;oj rP’ .................................................. 145 [fq mu &@ G I[6 0v’;fa 45mulj tmvh o1|6j kh c;oj rP’ ........................................... 147 rkdmu XIIG lP’ ........................................................................................ 149 [qfmu &# G [l+ P’ ........................................................................................ 149 [fq mu &$ G ]da ltot0v’lP’ ...................................................................... 151 [fq mu && G dkol’jq lP’zkj oc;f]vh ,8kj ’M ................................................. 153 [qfmu &* G dkoltmhvolP’{lP’dhv’ c]t ,qo]tryfmk’lP’ ..................... 156

7ecotoe];, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ID 95fxtlq’0v’dkoIPo{dkolvo;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kfle]a[ -Ao ,afmtpq,8vo8Qo 95fxtlq’0v’sa^dl6f;ymtpklkf-Ao,afmtpq,8vo8Qo grnvj -;j pz6hIPo,u7;k,I6hF 7;k, g0Qk.9goNv.o;ymtpklkfrhno4koF dkorq;rao]ts;kj ’;ymtpklkfF g8ad3o3]1u c]t la’7q,S rafmtokmadlt0t[;odkomk’;ymtpklkf lk,kfIPo8+-Ao,afmtpq,8voxkpF 3I’IPo ;y-k-u[0Ao8Qo c]t oegvqk7;k,Ih6mujwfhIPowx.-h.odkocdh[aosk.o-u;yfxt9e;aowfhgxaozqoD 95fxtlq’c8]j tfhko,uf’aj oUG fhko7;k,I6hG { I6h c]t g0Qk.90AorNo4kodPj ;da[goNv.oG 2u-ydlkfF g7,ulkfF -u;tlkf c]t ;ymt pklkfdPj ;d[a 3]dD { I6h c]t g0Qk.9dPj ;da[;ymudkoF 0Ao8vo0v’dko7Qo7;hk c]t cdh[aoskmk’;ymt pklkf fhko7;k,lk,kfG { IPo8+-Ao,afmtpq,8voxkp c]t 3I’IPo;y-k-u[0Ao8Qo8kj ’M { 7oQ 7yf8fa lyo.9.odkocd[h oa sk1kj ’,u;ywlmfa ;ymtpklkf { oe.-h7;k,I6hmwuj fhIa[9kddkoIPo g0Qk.odko7Qo7;hk c]t cdh[aosk.o-u;yf xt9e;ao c]t .odkoxtdv[vk-u[wfhgxaozqo { 7yfw]xj t]y,ko8kj ’M8k,lf6 rNo4koD fhkomafltot7t8yG { -kj ’7yfF -kj ’lq’wlF w/Ij 6hF vqfmqoF xtfyflhk’F ,u;ywoDDD { 7yf c]t 8aflyo.91kj ’,ugsfzqo { Ia[I6hlkplerao]ts;kj ’;ymtpklkf0tc|’dko8kj ’M c]t lkplerao]t s;kj ’;ymtpklkfF g8ad3o3]1u c]t la’7q, { gsao75o7kj ;ymtpklkfF -a[rtpkdvome,t-kfDDD { gIaf;Pd s^n cdh[aoskgxao]t[q[0Ao8vo

IID dkodeoqfg;]k -;jq 3,’IPo -oA IPo ,D ! ,D @ ,D # ,D $ 9eo;o-;jq 3,’IPo 8+ vkmfy $ $&& 9eo;o-;jq 3,’IPo 8+ xIu Po !#@ !#@ !*& !*& IIID ]adltotgoNv.o goNv.omuj[ao95g0qhk.osa^dl6f wfh9afwx8k, sa^ddkomuj;kj ;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kfF gxao ;-y k|’bj g-’yj ];,gvkq govN .odPj ;d[a 7;k,Ir6h oN 4komk’fkh o2-u dy lkfF g7,lu kfF -;u tlkf c]t ;my tpklkfdPj ;d[a 3]d ,kg0kQ doa D f’ja ooA F dko[oa 9g5 ovN .o.lsj d^a lf6 9’bj wf9h fa gxoa ]ef[a .sgh ovN .o mu]j q’g]ydc8]j t;y-kmudj kj ;,koAo 7vj prQogfoaj 0Bo8k,]efa[0AoIPoc8j ,D ! g4y’ ,D $ c]t 9af gvkq [oa fkgovN .om7uj dn oa sn^ .d7h P’doa ,k3I,g0kQ doa gxoa govN .o];,1.6j orkdfP;doa S govN .o.fm[uj + lk,kf9fa ];,g0kQ doa wf9h ’bj 9fa gxoa rkdltgrkt.lcj 8]j t0oA IPo8k,mugj soa ;kj g\\ktl,q D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 7;k,Ir6h oN 4ko 7;k,I]6h ’q g]dy c8]j t ;ymtpklkfm;qj wx 7;k,Im6h u7j ndoa 1.6j o ]kp;-y k c]t dPj ;0hv’ c8]j t]kp;y-k da[-u;yfxt9e;ao IVD ;ymulyflvo dkoIPo{dkolvo;y-k;ymtpklkfme,t-kf]tf[a ,afmtp,q 8vo8QoF 8Qo8=goAo.ldj ko IPo{dkolvogrnvj .shoadIPo,u7;k,Ih6 c]t 7;k,g0Qk.9 dPj ;da[;af45 c]t xkdqfdko8kj ’M mujgduf0Boda[;af458kj ’M Xoa[ma’7qo? c]t ,umadlt;ymtpklkf0AorNo4kolk,kfoewx.-hgduf xt3spfwfsh k^ pd;kj m9uj t.sgh ooA .soh da IPo7fy 7eo;oskxt],y ko8kj ’Mwf1h kj ’7vj ’c7;h D f’ja ooA F .odkolvo 768hv’obdg4y’1j6ltg\\u;jk ljy’le7ao1jk’|jb’0v’dkolvo;ymtpklkfc,jo .shoadIPo,umadlt;ymtpklkf0AorNo4ko c]t ,umafltot7t8y;ymtpklkf g-jy’gxaog7jnv’ ,nle7aomju9toewxlj6dkogxao7qomju,u9yf.9w/jIh6w/jlbdlkg]jnv’djP;da[;ymtpklkfF lk,kf lbdlksk0=h,6oF ;yg7kt c]t la’g7kt0=h,6o grnjvoewxrafmtok8qogv’F 7v[7q; c]t la’7q,

.sh,u75otrk[-u;yffu0BoD 9kd[aoskmujdkj ;,koAoF .og;]klvo769t8hv’.shoadIPowfhxt8y[af ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dfy 9tde8kj ’M g-oja G dkol’a gdfF dkomfq ]v’1.6j osvh ’IPo c]t ovdsvh ’IPoF dkoles^;fF dko[oa mdb 0,h= o6 F dko;gy 7kt c]t l’a g7kt0,h= o6 F dkovtrxy kpF dkovtm[y kpF dko0Polts[5^ F dko0Po]kp’koF dkoxt8[y fa 37’dko7oQ 7;kh ovh pMDDDD .odkog]vn d.-dh fy 9tdeg0kQ .odkolvo c8]j tgoNv.o 768hv’g]nvd.-hdyf9tdemujgsao;kj gxaodyf9tdemujg\\ktlq,da[ ]tfa[7;k,Ia[Ih6 0v’oadIPoF g\\ktlq,da[v5xtdvomuj,u.o3I’IPo s^n lk,kfskwfh.omhv’4yjoF g\\ktlq,da[ 9eo;ooadIPo.oshv’IPo c]t gxaodyf9tdemujgvNvveo;p.shoadIPowfh7Qo7bf c]t g/yd mda lt;ymtpklkf.ssh ^kpgrnvj oewxld6j kogry’j 8oq gv’.ovtok7fq D VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo !D fhko7;k,Ih6 dkoxtg,ou zoq fkh o7;k,I.6h sxh tg,ou 9kdzoq dkod;fdk8kj ’Mg-oja G !? d;fdkxt9e[fq 3fpdko0Po sn^ xkdgxkjq @? d;fdkxt9erkd 3fpdko0Po #? d;fdkxt9erkdIPo sn^ mkh pxIu Po 3fpdko0Po @D fhko7;k,lk,kf dkoxtg,ou zoq fkh o7;k,lk,kf.sxh tg,ou 9kdG !? dkovvd7e7fy 7egsoa .odkoloq mtok c]t vtrxy kp 1.6j od,5j c]t m’a \\fq @? dkogd[a de0,h= o6 c]t lts[5^ zoq 9kd0,h= o6 mguj d[a dewfh #? dko0Po]kp’ko $? zoq ’komxuj t8[y fa wf9h kddfy 9tdem,uj v[\\kp gxoa [d5 7oq sn^ d,5j D #D fhkomafltot7t8y dkoxtg,ou fkh omfa ltot7t8.y sxh tg,ou 9kddkoltcf’vvdmk’rfb 8dy e8kj ’ g-oja G !? 7;k,gvkq .9.l8j d+ koIOIPo @? dkog0kQ I;j ,.odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tde8kj ’M #? dkoltcf’vvdg4’y 7;k,I[a zfy -v[8d+ koxt8[y fa dfy 9tde8kj ’M $? ,7u ;k,]t,fa ]t;’a .odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tde8kj ’M &? dko[;q ]t[fa c]t xdq xda Ida lkvx5 tdvomfq ]v’ *? ,7u ;k,8onj 8;q 8d+ koIda lkl’yj c;f]vh , (? ,da loq .9 c]t 7oQ sk7e8v[0v’[oa sk8kj ’M

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດVID 7ecotoedjP;da[dkodtdP,djvog;]k0Boshv’lvo !D dkodtdP,v5xtdvodkomqf]v’ govnj ’9kddkoIPo{dkolvo;my tpklkf gooA .l;j my lu v[l;osk7;k,Ig6h -’yj dfy 9tde l;j o .spgj xaodyf9tdedkomqf]v’D f’aj oaoF dvj odkolvo.oshv’IPo 776 ;odtdP,v5xtdvodko mqf]v’.shrhv, c]t gIafdkomqf]v’dvj o grnjvd;flv[g[yj’;kj v5xtdvo c]t g8adoyddko mfq ]v’ 9twfzh oq 8k,7;k,7kfs;’a s[n^ F+ voa .f7;o9twfxh [a x’5 cdwh 0 grvnj 7;k,\\oA .9.og;]k fegoou dkolvooda IPo1.6j osvh ’IPoD dkodtdP,v5xtdvodkomqf]v’G 768hv’wfhlbdlkc8j]tdyf9tdemju8hv’wfhxt8y[af.o 0t[;odkolvo.oshv’IPo;kj c8]j tdyf9tde8hv’.-hv5xtdvovao.fcfFj v5xtdvoc8]j t1kj ’ ,uc]h; s^n pa’F 4hkpa’[+mao,u9tsk,kwfhco;.f 769tskgv’wfh s^n [+F 4hk76[+lk,kfskwfh7;o 9t.soh da IPo-;j p-vdskD @D dkoxt8y[afdkomqf]v’ dvj ofegouodkomqf]v’ 767;o9afv5xtdvole]a[dkomqf]v’8k,c8]j tdyf9tdegxao -5fM w;h.shIP[IhvpdjvoD .odkoxt8y[afdkomqf]v’F 767;oc[j’oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k, 7;k,g\\ktl,q d[a 9eo;o-f5 vx5 tdvo c];h cotoe;ymudko.-vh x5 tdvoc8]j t1kj ’ c]t 0=7h ;o ]t,fa ]t;’a 8ts^vfg4’y dkoIda lk7;k,ltvkfF dkogd[a Ida lkg7vnj ’,n s^n vx5 tdvo8kj ’Mgrvnj 7;k,xvfwr grvnj g/dy mda ltdko7oQ 7;kh 3fpdkosk0,h= o6 f;h pdkomfq ]v’ c]t g/dy 7;k,gxoa ]t[P[IP[Ivh pD 4kh 9egxoa 7v6 kf9tcotoe3fpdkolkmyf.soh da IPog[y’j D d]= todu komfq ]v’m8uj vh ’gd[a de0,h= o6 sk^ p]kpdkomfq ]v’ 4kh .soh da IPoc8]j td,5j xt8[y fa .sh7q[4h;om5d]kpdkovkf9t8hv’.-hg;]kfqoD 76vkf9tc[j’dkomqf]v’gxaos^kp8vo c]h;9afc[j’c8j]t8vo.shc8j]tdj5,xt8y[af c]h;oe0=h,6omjuwfh9kddko0v’c8j]t95,k];, g0kQ doa D #D dko]kp’ko 776 ;o.soh da IPoc8]j t7oq ,xu ,B ]kp’koF g,vnj leg]fa dkomfq ]v’.soh da IPo0Po]kp’ko .ljxB,]kp’kodklomqf]v’0v’8qo grjnvgvqkw;hlbdlk c]t mq[m;owfhD .o[qf]kp’ko 0v’oda IPoc8]j t[fq .soh da IPo0Po;oa mu0j Po]kp’koF0,=h o6 mugj d[a dewfFh 7elts[^5 muwj f,h k9kd

dkovtryxkp8ts^vfg4y’0=hla’gdf s^n 0=hltg|ucot8kj ’M X4hk,u? grngj xaodkog/dy .soh da IPoI96h da ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0Po]kp’koD $D 7;k,xvfwr.odkoxt8y[afdkomqf]v’ 7;k,xvfwr.odkoxt8y[fa dkomfq ]v’ gxoa ly’j le7oa 1kj ’|’bj mu8j vh ’7eo’b g4y’D f’ja ooA F 767;owfhgvqk.9.lfj ’aj oUG !? dko.-gh 7vnj ’,n sn^ vx5 tdvomguj Ifa f;h pcd;h sn^ ;fa 4m5 cuj 8d’kj pF 776 ;ocotoe.soh da IPo .-hfh;p7;k,]t,af]t;a’ grnjv7;k,xvfwr c]t s^udg;Ao7;k,glpskpD @? dkomqf]v’.f 4hkxt8y[af[+4nd8hv’ vkfgxaovao]kpwfh 767;ocotoe]tvPfm5d0Ao 8vodvj o.soh da IPo]’q ,xn t8[y fa D #? dko.-hmkfg7,uD mkfg7,um5d-toyfgxaoryf[+s^kpd=|hvpD fa’j oAoF 767;ocotoe.sh oda IPo.-fh ;h p7;k,]t,fa ]t;’a c]t .-.h s4h dn ;my u 3fpltgrktc,oj mkfg7,xu tgrf vk-uf c]t [kg-uD 0h=7;o]t;a’vud1kj ’|bj’0v’dko.-hmkfg7,u7n 1kj -u,mkfg7,u gxoa voa 0kfD VIID 7ecotoedjP;da[7e4k, c]t [qfg/ydsafmhkp[qf dko8v[7e4k, c]t cdh[qfg/ydsafmhkp[qf,ao9t-;j pgruj,7;k,g0Qk.9goNv.o[qfIPo c8j]t[qfIPooAog]ydg-jy’0BoD fa’j oAo767;o.shoadIPo8v[7e4k, c]t cdh[qfg/ydsafmhkp [fq m’a \\fq m.uj s.h omkh pc8]j t[fq D ovd9kdooA 776 ;o-vdsk7e4k, c]t [fq g/dy sfa mduj Pj ;0vh ’ govN .o[fq IPoc8]j t[fq 9kdgvdtlkolt[[a vonj .o]tf[a fP;doa sn^ 7l6 kh ’ 0oB gv’ .soh da IPo8,nj D 7e4k,c8]j t0=h c]t [qfg/ydsafc8]j t[qfF 768hv’skg;]kd;f c]t cx’.shoadIPoD 7e4k, muj,u]adltotgxuf gxao7e4k,muj,us^kp7e8v[S 7e8v[7e4k,xtgrfoUF 7e8v[4nd8hv’c,oj 76 ry9k]tok fh;pgsf c]t zqoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ rkdmu I laf [qfmu ! 95]a’laf g;]k @ -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG !D vtm[y kp37’xtdv[lkh ’roN 4ko0v’9]5 ’a lfa D @D [vd-nj vto5vq’xtdv[mulj e7ao c]t vtmy[kp|hkmu0j v’ c8]j tvto5vq’xtdv[D #D 9ecod 7;k,c8d8kj ’]ts;kj ’95]a’laf c]t 95]a’rnfD II. goNv.o8Qo8= 95]a’laf,uI6[Ijk’F 0t|kf c]t |hkmujc8d8jk’daoD 37’xtdv[lhk’95]a’0v’laf,u vq’xtdv[mulj e7ao16j # l;j o7nG g9hps5h,95]a’F mkf95]a’ c]t cdoj 95]a’D mkf95]a’xtdv[fh;p vto5vq’xtdv[ohvpMs^kp-toyfg-aoj G ,u38dq’fiuF ]t[q[3do-uF iu3[3-,F ]u3-3-,F ;kd63voF 8kokj ’mkf.o c]t vnoj MD c8]j tvto5vq’xtdv[,u|hkmulj tgrkt0v’.z,aoD 9]5 ’a rnf c]t 9]5 ’a lfa ,u7;k,c8d8kj ’doa mk’fkh oI[6 Ikj ’ c]t v’q xtdv[9eo;o|’bj g-oja G 9]5 ’a rfn ,gu xvn ds,5h 9]5 ’a c]t g,fa l0u P;S l;j o ;kd36 vo.o9]5 ’a lfa ,0u t|kfovh p sn^ [,+ gu ]pu D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { I[6 rk[.ox,B c[[IPo { I6[c8h, 37’xtdv[lhk’0v’95]a’ mulj hk’0Bo,kgv’ v5xtdvo c]t mkfg7,uG { w,h9U,c0h;mvuj tg-Nv { dvh ’9]5 tmfa { czoj ltw] c]t czoj xqdltw]F co;]t @ czoj D { s^vff6fohvp @ vao X.-hw;h1vfoEgdnv g-yj’,u7;k,g0A,c8d8kj ’dao? { mkfg,8cu ]o[6^ { oEgdvn WF)&: ;my xu ’5 c8’j X-’ja gdvn doy WF)& dik, 4vd.lcj d;h mfq ]v’ c];h g8,u oE.lj 1

.shIvf0uf !WW ml? c]t WF&: Xgdnv WF& dik, T oE !WW ml?D IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D m;o7nodjP;da[37’xtdv[lhk’0v’95]a’rnf { 7v6 kfm[q m;odPj ;d[a 7;k,\\kp0v’ 9]5 ’a Xgrktoda IPowfh IPodPj ;d[a 9]5 ’a rfn ,k c]h;.o , !?D s^a’9kdoAovtmy[kpgru,j g8u,.shoadIPodewfh;kj 95]a’c,oj sq;|;j p rNo4ko0v’9]5 ’a Ikj ’dkp0v’ly’j mu,j u-u;yfD @D 7Qo7;hkdj5,djP;da[37’xtdv[lhk’0v’95]a’laf { 76cotoeoadIPo lbdlk37’xtdv[lhk’0v’95]a’8k, I6[ !D! .oxB,c[[IPo |hk !D 8k,7e4k,fa’j oUG !? 95]a’laf,u37’xtdv[lhk’rNo4ko.fcfLj c8]j tl;j o,u]adltot c]t |hkmucj o;.fL @? mkf95]a’,uvq’xtdv[.fcfFj c8]j tvq’xtdv[ ,u|hkmusj pa’L { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[D #D lbdlkdjP;da[95]a’-toyf8jk’M ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .shoadIPo @{# 7qo9a[76jdao grnjvlbdlk95]a’-toyf8jk’M .oxB,c[[IPo|hk $F c]h;.shz6h8k’|hkd5,j .f|’bj 0Bo]kp’koD 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[D $D 9ecod7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’ 95]a’rnf c]t 95]a’laf .shoadIPolbdlkI6[rk[ 8k,xB,c[[IPo|hk $F 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[D &D lbdlk95]a’laf.oshv’mqf]v’ { .shoadIPoxt8y[af8q;9y’ 8k,dyf9tdemuwj fhcotoew;h.oxB,c[[IPo |hk &F { 4kh dvh ’9]5 tmfa .osvh ’mfq ]v’[,+ ru P’r= 7c6 otoe.soh da IPogIfa gxoa d,5j pvj pF grvjn .sh oda IPoc8]j t7oq wfxh t8y[fa 8;q 9y’D V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { dko4k,{8v[.ow]ptg;]kdkolvoD { [qfd;fdkohvp c[[xk]two xtlq,vaf8twoD { 7;k,skh ;soa 0v’oda IPo .odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tdeF 7;k,lk,kf.odkolts[5^ c]t ]kp’kozoq D { d;fdk7;k,leg]af0v’;Pd[hko 8k,;aog;]kmujdeoqf.sh c]t 7;k,4nd8hv’ s^n l,q gsfl,q zoq D 2

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu @ dkoln[rao0v’laf g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG !D lts^5[dkoln[rao0v’laf c[[[+vkwlgrf c]t vkwlgrf rhv,ma’pqd8q;1kj ’D @D 9ecod7;k,c8d8kj ’0v’dkoxtlq,rao]ts;kj ’laf0Ao8ej c]t laf0Aol6’D #D 9ecod c]t vtmy[kp7;k,c8d8jk’0v’laf.odko.shdegouf]6dgxao38 c]t vvd]d6 gxoa w0Dj pdq 8;q 1kj ’ $D vtmy[kpdkoxt8ylqomy rkpovd c]t rkp.o rhv,ma’pqd8q;1kj ’D &D lq,mP[7;k,c8d8kj ’ fhko37’xtdv[lhk’0v’]t[q[vtw;pt;tln[rao0v’laf m,uj udkoxt8ylqomyrkpovd c]t rkp.oD II. goNv.o8Qo8= dkoln[roa \\kpg4y’dkomguj Ifa .slh ’yj m,uj u-u;yf,u9eo;os^kp0BoD l’yj m,uj u-u;yf,udkoln[roa c8d8kj ’daowx8k,c8]j t-toyfD dkoln[rao,u16j @ c[[ 7nG dkoln[raoc[[[+vkwlgrf c]t dkoln[raoc[[vkwlgrfD laf0Ao8ej g-’yj c,oj lafm[uj +,udtf6dlaos^a’ l;j os^kp,udkoln[raoc[[ [+vkwlgrfF dkol[n roa c[[[+vkwlgrf,du koc[’j gxoa lv’l;j o c]t dkoc8d|+ s^n dkoc8dc|’ 8k,]e8q;D lfa 0oA l’6 g-’jy c,oj lfa m,ju du tfd6 loa s’a^ l;j osk^ p,du kol[n roa c[[vkwlgrfD lfa 0oA l’6 [k’ 9er;d dv= vd]d6 gxoa 38 c]t [k’9er;dvvd]d6 gxoa w0j c];h 9’jb .-gh ;]kg[kt vvdgxoa 388k, rkps’a^ D dkoxt8ylqomy mujgduf0Bolaf,udtf6dlaos^a’,u16j @ c[[ 7nG dkoxt8ylqomyrkp.o c]t xt8ly oq mry kpovdD lfa oE 9er;dxk c]t lfa g7’jy [dq g7’jy oEg-oja G d[q c]t 0Pf,du koxt8ly oq my rkpovdD III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { I[6 rk[8kj ’M .oxB,c[[IPoD { lt4komumj afltotlbdlk X4hkgxaowxwfh? 3

IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D mq[m;o7no[qfIPodkoln[rao0v’rnfD 786 ’A 7e4k,G { rn,udkoln[rao 7ndaoda[laf[+L dkoln[rao,u7;k,\\kpco;.fF ,u9adc[[L @D la’gdfI6[dkoln[raoc[[[+vkwlgrf sn^ vtgrf { 7c6 otoe.soh da IPoldb lkI[6 gxoa d,5j dPj ;d[a I[6 c[[dkol[n roa c[[[v+ kwlgrf 0v’ xkik,u-u c]t wIfik I6[ @D! c]t @D@ .oxB,c[[IPo rhv,ma’[vd7;k,\\kpF 0t[;odkoc[’j 8q;0v’95]a’ c]t dkoc8d|+D { .shz6h8k’|hkc8]j td5,j 0Bo]kp’kozqo c]t c]dxPj o7e7yfgsaooedoa D { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[ #D 7Qo7;hkdj5,djP;da[dkoln[raoc[[vkwlgrf { c[’j oda IPogxoa d,5j 7oQ 7;kh 8k,7e4k,f’ja oUG !? 7;k,\\kp0v’dkol[n roa c[[vkwlgrfD 9]5 ’a l[n roa grfzh6 c]t grfc,0j v’ laf,udtf6dlaos^a’-n;j kj co;.fL T .sh8n,j .l8j k8t]k’ fa’j 8q;1kj ’.oxB,c[[IPo |hk _D @? dkoxt8ylqomyc[[.f gvUo;kj dkoxt8ylqomyrkpovd c]t rkp.oD T pdq 8;q 1kj ’ c8]j tI[6 c[[ dkoxt8ly oq mry vh ,m’a vtm[y kp 0t[;odkoxt8ly oq my f’aj dkj ;D #? pqd8q;1kj ’ lafmuvj vd]6dgxao38 c]t vvd]6dgxaow0j 8k,muoj adIPoI6h9ad c]t l,q m[q d[a goNv.o .oxB,c[[IPoD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { 7;k,skh ;soa 0v’oda IPo .odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tdeF 7;k,lk,kf.odkolts[5^ c]t ]kp’kozoq D { dko]kp’kozoq dkomfa ltotcs’^j grktroa 0v’lfa oE[k’-toyfD 4

{ dko8v[7e4k, d;f7no c]t ry9k]tokdPj ;da[dyf9tde $ .oxB,c[[IPoD ]da ltotw0j 0t|kf xdq s,h5 f;h p ]da ltotrgy lf w07j oq ovh p |’a ,0u t|kfovh p9oq [l+ k,kfgsoa wffh ;h p8kgxkjq w0xj k ovh p |’a 8vh ’1.j6 oltrk[c;f]vh , mgju xoa oE w0wj dj .spj xch= 0’ .spxj kodk’ w0oj dq dt9vdgm[ .spj xch= 0’ .spdj ;kj w0lj fa -tofy vojn T 7e8v[7e4k, mu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD 8v[G wd,j udkoxtlq,raorkp.oF c8xj k,udkoxtlq,raorkpovdD T 7e8v[7e4k, mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD 8v[G c0h c]t xk/kvv’ s^n lafvnoj Mmuoj adIPo s^n 76I6h9add=pqd0Bo,kgxao8q;1kj ’wfhD T 7e8v[7e4k, mu $ .oxB,c[[IPoD 8v[G laf0Ao8ej g-aoj 9er;dwIfik ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 7;k,I6hgruj,g8u, { 0Ao8vodkoln[rao c]t g8u[.sp0j v’laf 5

[qfmu # ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dkog8u[.spj0v’laf g;]k @ -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG !D vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp dkog8u[.spFj ;q’9vo-u;yfF |+]6dF 8q;vvj o c]t 8q;4h;oD @D vtmy[kp7;k,c8d8kj ’dPj ;da[rafmtokdko0v’laf-toyf8kj ’ c]t pqd8q;1kj ’ ;q’9vo-u;yf0v’laf,k9eo;o|’bj D II. goNv.o8Qo8= m5dly’j ,u-u;yfdegouf,k9kddkoxtlq,grf0v’lv’95]a’ln[g-Nvmugj vUo;kj G w0xj tlq,grfD w0xj tlq,grfwfh,udko0tspkp8q; c]t xPj ocx’ltrk[wxg]NvpM 9qodkpgxao |+]6dgvUo;kj G dkog8u[.spj0v’|+]6dD |+]6d0v’lafc8j]t-toyfwfhrafmtokwx8k, c8j]t0Ao8vomujc8d 8kj ’doa D laf0Ao8ej 9er;dc,’w,h,uI6[c[[rafmtokdkos^kds^kpd;kj lafd,5j vonj M g-oaj G vvd]6d gxoa w0j 9kdooA w0cj 8dvvd,kgxoa f;h ’F gxoa ok’ c]t dkpgxoa 38g8,a w; zkj o0t[;odkomIju dh6 oa ;kj laf,udko]vd7k[ c]t ];,wxg4y’,udko xPj ocx’[vj o16vj kwlS vvd9kdoE,k16gj my’[qd s^n vvd9kdrNofyo,k1gj6 my’|kh fyoD laf,uvkp5 c]t ;q’9vo-u;yfmucj 8d8kj ’dao8k,c8]j t-toyf g-aoj G p5’,uvkp5xt,ko #W ;oa F c8lj fa 0oA l’6 vonj M ];,m’a 7oq gIkq ,uvkpp5 nog4y’s^kpMly[xuD III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo I[6 rk[.oxB,c[[IPoD czoj 3xlg8u dPj ;d[a dkog8u[.sp0j v’lfa D IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D oeg0kQ l[j6 fq IPo 3fpdko8’A 7e4k, dkog8[u .sp0j v’lfa 7dn oa d[a rfn s^n [+L co;.fL @D lbdlkI6[rk[F goNv.o dPj ;da[dkog8u[.spFj ;q’9vo-u;yf0v’lafD #D 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[G T dkog8u[.sp0j v’laf sn^ 0v’ly’j mu,j u-u;yf ]h;oc8gj xaozqo,k9kddkogru,j 9eo;o 0v’95]a’.oIkj ’dkpfh;pdkoc[’j c]t dko0tspkp0t|kfD 6

T lafc8]j t-toyf ,u0Ao8vodkoxPj ocx’I6[Ikj ’ c]t 0t[;odkog8u[.spcj 8d8kj ’ daoG laf[k’9er;d,u;q’9vo-u;yfmulj q,[6oc[[ c]t [k’9er;d,udkoxPj ocx’ I[6 Ikj ’[+l,q [o6 c[[D T w0j g,vjn wfIh [a dkoxtl,q grfc];h 9t0tspkpdkpgxoa |+]d6 S |+]d6 d,= du koxPj ocx’ I[6 Ikj ’gxoa 0oA wx gvUo;kj G dkoxPj ocx’I[6 Ikj ’0v’|+]d6 D T ;q’9vo-u;yf \\kpg4y’ dkog],uj 9kdw0xj tl,q grf0tspkp8;q dkpgxoa |+]d6 F |+]d6 ,du ko0tspkp8;q 3fpzkj o0oA 8vodkoxPj ocx’I[6 Ikj ’ 9oq d;kj 9tdkpgxoa 8;q lfa m7ju kh p7rn +c,Dj T 8q;vjvo \\kpg4y’ 8q;lafmujpa’16j.o0Ao8vodkoxjPocx’I6[Ijk’F [k’d=]tou d=,uI6[Ikj ’mucj 8d8kj ’9kd r+c,Fj [k’d=]tou 8q;vvj od=,uI6[Ikj ’7hkp7ndaoda[r+c,j c8,j uvtw;pt;tp’a [+moa 0tspkp8;q 1kj ’l,q [o6 X9er;dlfa ,udkoxPj ocx’I[6 Ikj ’ [+l,q [o6 ?D T 8q;4h;oG \\kpg4y’ 8q;lafmzuj kj o0Ao8vodkoxPj ocx’I6[Ikj ’F c8]j t0Ao9qodkp,k gxoa lafmluj q,[6oc[[ rhv,m9uj t.shdkoln[rao.og;]k8+wxD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8q;1jk’ c,’dtg[Nv w0j [’Q ok’ vvj o X.o/ads^vd? c,’dtg[Nv dq[{0Pf w0j I;d I;d @ 0k 0Pfsk’ dq[{0Pf V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { dko8v[7e4k, { vkf9tdP,[fq xtg,ou X[fq d;fdk? ovh p c[[xk]two xtl,q vfa 8two sn^ c[[.f|’bj d=wfh 8k,g’njvow0 mujg\\ktlq,D { 7;k,shk;sao0v’oadIPo .odkoxt8y[afdyf9tdeF 7;k,lk,kf .odkolts^5[ c]t ]kp’kozoq D { d;f7nole][a dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPo #!@$*& 7

[qfmu $ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko9afc[j’9er;d0v’laf g;]k @ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG !D vtmy[kp gdodko9ecodly’j mu,j u-u;yf 3fpltgrkt dko9afc[’j xtgrflafD @D deoqfgdo c]t pqds^ad4ko ,k1A’1no.odko9ecodxtgrflafD #D fegouodko9fa c[’j lfa wffh ;h p8oq gv’D II. goNv.o8Qo8= laf.ome,t-kf,us^kp-toyf fe]q’-u;yf1l6j t4komcuj 8d8kj ’daoD [k’-toyf vkwl1g6j my’ [qd c]t 16.j ooEF ovd9kdoAo ,u[k’-toyfpa’vkwl16oj e Ikj ’dkp0v’laf-toyfvnoj D .odko9af9er;d0v’laf,us^kpgdoF ,us^kps^addkoS c8j4hkgvqkdtf6dlaos^a’gxaogdo lk,kfc[j’gxaolv’9er;d.spj7nG [+,udtf6dlaos^a’ c]t laf,udtf6dlaos^a’D laf[+,udtf6d laos^a’pa’9afc[’j vvdgxaor;dvu’8k,I6[Ikj ’ c]t 37’lhk’ 0v’Ikj ’dkp g-aoj G 9er;dlaf 2v’oEF rtpkf8q;cxF glAofhkpF 9er;dsvp c]t c,’w,hD lafm,uj udtf6dlaos^a’d=g-oaj fP;dao ovd9kd,Iu [6 Ikj ’ c]t 37’lkh ’0v’Ikj ’dkpc];h p’a ,xu fa w9vojn Mvdu g-oja G rfb 8dy eF dkofe]’q -;u fy c]t 8ts^vf g4’y [vj o1vj6 kwl0v’r;d,oa do= e,kgxoa gdo0v’dko9fa c[’j wfgh -oja G lfa oEF lafg7y’j [qd{g7’yj oEF lafxudF lafg]nv7ko c]t laf]hP’]6dfh;poEoq,D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { I[6 c8,h F I[6 rk[.oxB,c[[IPo { [af7e-nlj af -toyf8kj ’Mg-aoj G c,’w,hF svpF 0Udtgfnvofyo c]t lafvnoj M { lt4komulj bdlkG l;olaf c]t laf.o[hkogInvo0v’oadIPoD IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D 4k,{8v[ !? 4hkgIqk1kd9afc[’j l’yj m,uj u-u;yf.f|’bj gIqk7;ovu’.lsj pa’ ,kgxaogdogrvnj 9afc[’j L @? laf,u9ad9er;dL 7n9er;d.fcfLj { 9af8A’oadIPogxaod,5j grvnj lqomtok c]t gIafdyf9tde dko9afc[’j 9er;d0v’laf 8

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ8k,x,B c[[IPo #? 9fa 9ecodlfa vvdgxoa 9er;d { 76oerkoadIPogIafdyf9tde3fp.shoadIPooegvqklaf9er;dc,’w,hF 0Udtgfnvo s^n svp,kry9k]tok c]t l’a gdf8k,gdodko9fa 9ecodmdju Pj ;d[a goNv.oc[[IPoD { .soh da IPo0Po]kp’ko sn^ ]kp’koxkdgxkjq dPj ;d[a dfy 9tdemgju Ifa c];h sk0lh= ts[5^ I;j ,doa D 8q;1jk’G dko9afc[j’laf,udtf6dlaos^a’ { 76 gvqkI6[]5j,oU .shoadIPola’gdf c]t 8v[8k,7e4k,mu8j A’w;h.oI6[ sn^ ;ymu|b’j 7v6 kf0Po7e4k, c]t -lnj fa .oI[6 oU.ldj tfko c];h .soh da IPoc0’j doa wx\\kp c]t vnoj M 76lk,kfxtfyfwfhs^kp;ymuD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[D 9

8q;1jk’G dko9afc[j’laf[+,udtf6dlaos^a’ V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { 8k,7;k,shk;sao0v’oadIPo.odko,ul;j oI;j ,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 7;k,lk,kf .odkolts^5[ c]t ]kp’kozqoD { 7e7yfgsao0v’d5,j lqomtokdPj ;da[dyf9tdeF dko]kp’kozqodko gIafdyf9tde rgy lfgr,ju g8,u D ltgsu^pdyf9tde @ 8k,xB,c[[IPoG laf,udtf6d laos^a’ 8q;1kj ’ Ikj ’dkpxdq vvd]d6 gxoa w0j ]d6 vvj of6f 9eo;o8uo lfa g7’jy [dq {g7’jy oE s5h,fh;p s^n gxao38 oq, sn^ [+ lafoE lfa g]vn 7ko 0Pf |’a w0j [+ @ 76j lfa xdu xk ,gu dfa w0j [+ [+,u8uoF c8,j u7u lfa ]Ph ’]d6 f;h poEo,q g8kjq ,udtfv’c0’ w0j [+ @ 76j wdj ,0u oq w0j [+ ! 76j glvn ,0u oq gxoa 38 f6foq, @ 76j 10

r;d[+,0u k lfa [+,udtfd6 loa s^’a r;d,u0k laf2v’oE c]t lafwlh4q’ r;d0dU tgfvn o svpF dU { c,’w,h { 0Ug0a[ { c,mj hv’dq, { c,mj hv’cx { 0Udtgfnvo { svp { c,’’vf { c,’g’qk { c,mj hv’glAofhkp { rtpkf.[w,h.o { xu’ { dU { c,’,5, { dh5’ { c,mj hv’xkd0= 8a[ DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD { xk,bd DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD { svpc7’ DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ laf,udtf6dlaos^a’ xk lfa g7’jy [dq g7’jy oE lfa g]vn 7ko lfa xdu lfa ]Ph ’]d6 f;h poEo,q { xkgdaf { dq[ { ’6 { oqd lafdyosphkG ’q;F { xk|a’ { 0Pf { 0u3j dt { gxaf 7;kpF d;k’F 2ko { xk/kw] { vn’j { dtxv, { cs^; -hk’DDD { vPj o { 7ao7kd { c]o { oqdg7Qk lafdyo-UoG glnvF ly’ { gshp { cIh’ c,;F \\kDDD { c0h { oqdsq’ r;d[+,u0kG { xk/kvv’ DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD xk;koF xk3],kDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD r;d,uxudG g9pF [kj ’ c]t r;dlaf vonj M DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 11

[qfmu & ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko0tspkpraolaf g;]k ! -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG { [vd7;k,\\kp c]t xtgrf0v’raolafD { [vd95fxtlq’F 7;k,le7ao0v’dkog]nvd c]t 0tspkpraolafD { vtm[y kp;my du ko.odko7fa g]vn droa lfa D II. goNv.o8Qo8= dko0tspkpraolaf c,jodkogIaf.shlafmuj,u16j,u9eo;ogruj,0BoD dko]hP’laf,u16j @ 95fxtlq’7nG ]hP’lafle]a[7v[7q; c]t dko]hP’lafgrvnj m5]tdyfdko7hk0kpD raolaf \\kpg4y’75o]adltotltgrkt0v’laf-toyf|bj’mujwfhIa[dko4jkpmvf]adltot 8jk’M9kd[aort[6]5f s^n r+c,j gfu, g-ajoG lulaoF 0t|kfF 7;k,mqomko c]t zqozt]yf rhv,daooAolafg]qjkoUpa’4jkpmvf 75o]adltot8jk’Mwxpa’]6ds^ko 8+wxwfhvudDDD raolaf,u16j # xtgrf7nG raolafrNog,nv’F raoxa[x5’ c]t rao]6dxtlq,D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { I[6 rk[8kj ’M.ox,B c[[IPoD IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo loq mtok\\fq svh ’ { 7;k,\\kp0v’raolafD raolafm7uj qogIqk,ad]hP’ ,urao.fcfLj { grnjv.shwfhzqozt]yfmuj,u75ootrk[l6’ c]t rP’r=da[7;k,8hv’dko0v’7qogIqk 7;o9t,u;ymug]nvd c]t 0tspkpraolafco;.fL { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[ dko7fa g]nvdco;roa lfa groyj vu’.lsj ^da dko.spfj ’ja oUG { ]Ph ’’kj pF .spwj ;F dyovksko[+g]nvd c8wj fzh oq zt]yfl’6 F moq mko8+g-Nvrtpkf c]t cmfg\\ktda[ltrk[c;f]hv,D .sh]6ds^kp c]t xtlq,rao’kj pD gxaomuoj ypq,0v’ 8ts^kf c]t la’7q,D V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 y9k]tok9kdG dko8v[7e4k,D 12

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu * dkoxa[x5’raolaf g;]kG # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,k,kfG !D [vd7;k,\\kp c]t 95fxtlq’0v’dkoxa[x5’raolafD @D vtmy[kp;ymudkox[a x’5 roa lfa D #D 9ecodwf;h ymudkomouj e.-gh 0kQ .odkox[a x’5 roa lfa D II. goNv.o8Qo8= dkox[a x’5 roa lfa \\kpg4’y dkooegvkq roa lfa mwju fIh [a dko7fa g]vn dc];h wxxtl,q roa 9oq d;kj 9twfhlafmu,j u75ootrk[ c]t ]adltot8kj ’M mulj k,kf4kj pmvfdkoln[raowfhD dkoxtl,q roa mP, \\kpg4’y dkooe.-gh 8da 3o3]-mu mju oa ltw\\g0khq ,k-;j p.odko0tspkp xt]y,ko0v’lfa ]Ph ’ 3fp[+8vh ’]=4kh dkoczrj oa 0v’lfa mguj xoa c[[me,t-kfD s^addkoxtlq,raomP,,u @ c[[ 7nG lafmu,j udkoxt8ylqomy16rj kp.o3fpdkolufIvd3,o dt85how0j c]h;gvqkIvd3,o8q;z6hwxxtlq,raoda[w0j grnvj .sh8q;c,8j ah’mhv’D le]a[lafmu,j udkoxt 8ylqomy1r6j kpovd g-oaj G xkF dq[ c]t 0PfD gryoj xtlq,raomP,xk3fp;ymudkog9ktgvqk8vj ,.8h lt\\v’0v’xk8;q z,h6 klkh ’gxoa Ivd3,o c];h oewxlfu g0khq s[n^ .8zh ;y |’a 0v’xk8;q c,gj rvjn dt8oh5 .shw08j n’j w;D s^a’9kdoAo9b’j Iufgvqkw0j c]t oEg-nhvwxxtlq,rao8k,s^addkoD III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { I[6 rk[.oxB,c[[IPoF czo;kf { v5xtdvo c]t mkfg7,uG g0a,lad1kF Ivd3,oF -k,le]a[.lwj 0xj k c]t 9;pzhkD IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D 7Qo7;hkdj5,dkoxa[x5’raolaf { c[’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,5j grvnj 7oQ 7;kh 7e4k,G !? dkoxa[x5’raolaf,u7;k,\\kp c]t 95fxtlq’.fcfLj @? dkoxtlq,rao0hk, c]t dkoxtlq,raomP,,uco;.fL 13

#? dkoxtlq,raomP, ,us^addko c]t 0=hfuco;.fL pqd8q;1kj ’D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ $? s^addko.odko4kj p/kd8q;vvj o,uco;.fL c]t ,u75oxt3spfco;.fL { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[G .odkox[a x’5 roa lfa grojy 9’jb ,da g]nvdxtl,q roa doa d[a lfa m,ju ulkproa fuF .szh oq zt]yfl’6 D { dkoxa[x5’raolaf c,oj dkog]nvdlkprao,kxtlq,daogrnvj .shwfhrao.\\gj rnvj 8v[lt |v’.sch d8j k,7;k,8vh ’dko0v’8ts^kfD { 76vtmy[kpdko0tspkpraolafgxaoxafw9|’bj mpuj 6h|6o.shzqozt]yf c]t glf4tdyfl6’ 0oB D 3fp7-6 da 4k, c]t pdq 8;q 1kj ’m,ju ru kp.oxtgmfgIkq {dko]Ph ’lfa gxoa vk-[u c]t vojn MD @D lqomtokdj5,dkoxtlq,raomP,xkf5draoD { 4kh ,gu ’vjn ow0 7o6 erkoda IPowxmfa ltot lt4ko]u Ph ’xk.ow]ptg;]kmmuj k’lt4kou ,udkoxtl,q roa xkD { .soh da IPolts^[5 dPj ;d[a dkowxmfa ltotldb lk dko]Ph ’xkD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { 7;k,skh ;soa 4k,{8v[ 1.6j o-;j ’w]ptdkoIPo{dkolvo c]t dkoloq mtok.od,j5 D { [qfd;fdkc[[vaf8two s^n xk]twoD { dko]kp’kozoq dkowxmfa ltotldb lkD 14

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu ( rtpkfmujgduf0Boda[laf c]t dkoxhv’dao g;]k @ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,k,kfG !D [vd-nrj tpkf c]t vkdko8kj ’M mugj duf0bhoda[laf]hP’D @D vtmy[kplkgsf mruj k.shlafwfhIa[g-NvrtpkfD #D vtmy[kp[k’zqodtmq[0v’rtpkflafmu,j u8+glf4tdyf c]t la’7q,D $D [vd;my du koxvh ’doa dko]t[kf0v’g-vN rtpkfD II. goNv.o8Qo8= rtpkfmu,j adgduf0bhoda[laf]hP’D lafxudd=,urtpkfvtsy;k c]t rtpkf9kd g-nhvw;iaf oy;7kg-yoD ma’lv’g-nhvrtpkfoU ,uvkdko.o0aho8qho 7nG laf9tgs’qk c]t 4vdmhv’S 9kdoaholafd=9t8kpwx sn^ 8kpdtmaosao.od=]tou mu,j udko8yfg-nhv1kj ’I5ocI’D l;j ortpkfmgju dfu d[a \\6 l;j osk^ p9tgxoa rtpkfvts;y k\\D6 le][a ’;q 7;kp c,oj rtpkf vtsy;klaf7hP;gvnhv’D rtpkfw0hg]nvffe c]t rtpkfxkdgxnvj p{]q’g]a[D lfa oEmlju e7oa wfch dxj k g-’jy rtpkfmgju dfu d[a xk d,= su k^ p-tofy g-oja G rtpkf 9f5 0k;8k, 8q;xkF rtpkf8qdg]nvf8k,gdaf g-’yj 7hkp7n[kfczdt9kpwx8k,8qo38D lkgsfmrju k.slh fa 8fy g-vhn rtpkf c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’]tfd6 koF l05 trk[lfa vvj ogrpF 7;k,gxygxnhvo0v’ly’j c;f]hv, c]t vnoj MD ;my xu vh ’doa G lfu 1kxvh ’doa rtpkfdvj og4’y ]tfd6 ko.\\Fj Ida lk7;k,ltvkf sn^ vtg-vhn .o0q’g0f]hP’laf c]t de9af s^n shk,g7nvj ophkplafmu8j yfg-nhvrtpkfD III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo I6[rk[8kj ’M .oxB,c[[IPo c]t 9kdcs^j’vnoj D v5xtdvo c]t mkfg7,uG g0a,lad1kF 1k;ad-yoF 1kvtg-nhvF le]u c]t gs^Qkgdqhkly[D 15

IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D 7Qo7;hkd5j,djP;da[rtpkfmujgduf0Boda[laf oadIPog7upgsao s^n wfhpyodPj ;da[rtpkfm,uj adgdufda[laf]hP’,urtpkf.fcfLj la’gdfgsaolaff’aj dkj ;,uvkdkoco;.fL @D 4k,{8v[ lkgsf c]t vkdko8yfg-Nvrtpkf0v’laf]hP’ { 76.-h7e4k,g9kt9U,grvnj .shwfh7e8v[9kdoadIPodPj ;da[dko]t[kf}dko8yfg-Nv rtpkf.o-;j ’dkoxPj o]tfd6 ko8kj ’M g-oja G ]tfc6 ]’h F ]tf/6 oq F ]tf|6 k; c]t vojn M mguj 7uprq[gsao s^n xtlq[dko c]t wfhpyo c]t sk0=hlts^5[I;j ,daodPj ;da[dko]t[kf 0v’laf.ovtfuf c]t xaf95[aoD { dkomlju fa 8fy g-vhn rtpkf gxoa 8oQ c,oj .o-;j ’xPj o]tfd6 ko g-oja G ]tf/6 oq c]t ]tfc6 ]’h D T 8oQ ]tf/6 oq F oE/oq skj mevfy 9tlkh ’g’vjn ow0.srh fn c]t g-vnh rtpkf .o|kh foy grktroa c]t 0tspkp 8;q w;mluj f5 9’jb gIfa .slh fa ,u3vdkf8yfg-Nvrtpkfwfwh ; c]t cz]j k,wx 1kj ’d;kh ’0;k’D T 8oQ ]tfc6 ]’h G 7;k,dfq foa vkdkf8ej gIfa .slh fa x[a 8;q [m+ oa F c];h gdfu vkdkovvj ogrp c]h;rk.sh8yfg-Nvrtpkfwfh’kj pD lfa oE.ome,t-kf,da 8yf g-Nv.omkh p]tf/6 oq g-oja G rtpkf8,j5 gxvnj p8k,zy;|’a D oE ws^9kdmluj 6’]q’skc,oj E gxaogsf.shg-hnvrtpkfczlj l6j afoE xtgrf8kj ’MwfhD #D lqomtok];,djP;da[dkoxhv’dao { lqomtok];,\\qfshv’G ;ymudkoxhv’dao3fpvu’.ljxtlq[dko9y’.o-u;yfxt9e;aoF [qfIPomuIj 6hF 8q;1kj ’laf]hP’ X’q;F 7;kpF \\6F gxafF wdDj DD? c]t laf16j.ome,t-kf XxkFDDD ? -toyf.f,ad8yfg-nhvrtpkf c]t cz]j k, 9tsk;ymuxhv’daortpkffa’j dkj ; oAoco;.f c]h;sk0=hlts^5[I;j ,daoD l’yj le7oa .odko]Ph ’lfa 8vh ’wfgh vkq .9.lfj ’ja oUG !D lt4kom]uj hP’7;o.shltvkf @D .shvksko c]t oE.shrP’r= #D \\oaj wxIa[7ecotoe9kdlaf8t;tcrf $D gvkq .9.llj da 1kxvh ’doa rtpkf.slh fa ]Ph ’8k,]tfd6 ko &D lfa gduf.\\7j ;owfIh [a dko1vf1k8kh og-Nvmd5 M7’A 16

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ{ lbdlkdkovtg-nhv7vdlafF dkolad1k;ad-yo c]t rtpkfmguj dufda[laf]hP’ { .sh;Pd[hkocdoj adIPo3fpI6[c[[lv[4k, c]t lts^5[]kp’ko 7nG .shoadIPo -vd7oQ [oa skrtpkf0v’lfa m,uj da gduf.omvh ’4oyj 0v’g0kq g9kQ .omzuj kj o,kc];h l’jq [fq ]kp’koD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { dko4k,8v[ { gIaf[qfd;fdkohvp c[[xk]two c]t vaf8two s^n c[[.f|bj’d=wfh 8k,g’njvow0 mugj \\ktl,q D { 7;k,skh ;soa 0v’oda IPo.odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tdeF 7;k,lk,kf.odkolts[5^ c]t ]kp’kozoq D { d;fdk7;k,leg]af0v’;Pd[hko 8k,;aog;]kmujdeoqf.sh c]t 7;k,4nd8hv’ s^n l,q gsfl,q zoq D 17

[qfmu ) ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dkovto5]adlaf g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG !D [vd7;k,\\kp c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’dkovto5]adlafD @D vtmy[kp zqodtmq[0v’l’yj c;f]hv,8+dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’lafD #D vtmy[kp 75oxt3spf.odkovto5]adlafD $D I[a Ih6 ]t[P[dfq \\kpdko7,h5 7v’lfa xkj msuj kpkdD &D I[a Ilh6 fa xtgrf8kj ’Mgrvjn dkovto]5 da D II. goNv.o8Qo8= dkovto5]adlaf c,oj dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t dkoxhv’daome,t-kfF s^udg;Aodkodtme mujgxaodkol6oglp c]t me]kpmuj16jvkwlmujgxao]adltotme,t-kf0v’lafxjkD dko8afw,h me]kpxjkF dko0tspkprNomujdtlydegIaf.shltrk[c;f]hv,4ndglnjv,3-,]q’m5d;aogxao zqodtmq[3fpdq’8+dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’laf c]t dkoln[rao0v’r;d,aoD ma’ouhd=phvo;jkG dkofe]’q -u;yf0v’xt-k-oq .og0f-oq ot[fq p’a 0ohb d[a me,t-kf 3fpvkwldko]kj lfa grvnj gxoa vkskoF 1kxq;rtpkf c]t grnjvc]dxjPolyo7hkD ovd9kdoaho zqoltmhvo9kddko 7hklafxkj 0v’8kj ’xtgmf dt85ho.shoadm5]tdyf0v’]k;dhk;wxl6dj ko-vdsk c]t -5dp6hxt-k -qo]k;]kj lafxkj ,k0kp ];,,uwd0j ;kF oqdp6’F oqdcdh;m5d-toyfF oqdlk]ydkF ’6F c0hF g8qkj F xk/kvv’F wdhF d;k’F 2koF glnvF \\uF g\\aho c]t vnoj MD .oxfa 9[5 oa F ]fa 4t[kogIkq de]’a vvd]t[P[F dfq \\kp.odko7,h5 7v’lfa xkj msju kpkd c]t 9tl6orao 3fp,udkoxtdkf c]t x5d]tfq,mq;j la’7q,F mqj;dko9af8ah’c80j ahol6odk’]q’Ivf mhv’4yoj grnvj xt8y[af]t[P[1kj ’g0ah,’;fD [aofklafmusj kpkd c]t .dh9tl6orao g-aoj G glqks^k lk,kfr[q gsoa 1lj6 tgrktc8gj 0f xkj lts’;ookdkp{oEgmou c]t glvn 37’j d9= fa gxoa lfa mdju e]’a 9tlo6 roa voa govjn ’,k9kd7;k,8vh ’dko0v’8tsk^ f c]t dko oe.-gh 0kQ gxoa 1kroN g,vn ’sk^ p 0t|koD 18

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດIII. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo I6[rk[.oxB,c[[IPo c]t 9kdcs^’j vonj M IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvoG !D 7Qo7;hkd5j,djP;da[7;k,\\kp c]t 7;k,le7aodkovto5]adlaf { 7.6 soh da IPoldb lk[fq IPogxoa d,j5 dPj ;d[a 7;k,\\kpF 7;k,le7oa dPj ;0vh ’d[a dko vto5]adraolaf 75oxt3spfF 0v’laf.oxB,c[[IPoD { .szh 86h k’|kh d,j5 ]kp’ko c]t xtdv[7e7fy gsoa c]t c]dxPj o[fq IPog-’jy doa c]t dao c]h;sk0=hlts^5[I;j ,daowxgmvnj ]t[aoskD { ovdoAo 76oerklqomtokdjP;da[dkol6orao0v’laf9eo;o|bj’.o3]d c]t .oxtgmf0v’gIqkF pqd8q;1jk’laf9eo;o|bj’ mujl6orao sn^ de]a’9tl6orao c]t .sgh sfzoq D { 76 c]t oadIPo-;j pdaovtmy[kp c]t sk0=hlts^5[D gsfzqomujlafl6orao,u7nG T laf9er;dm,uj u7;k,l;p’k, g-’yj gxaom8uj hv’dko0v’la’7q,7qoI’aj ,u T ,7u o5 7kj mk’loy 7kh g-oja G g0kq F dtfd6 F c0;h F |’a ,7u oj5 7kj .odkoxtf[a 9’jb gIfa .s[h k’d,j5 7oq fegoou dko]kj lfa grvjn gxoa loy 7kh D T laf9er;d,uvaf8kdkogduf]6dskj ’ c]t .sh]6d|hvpxt,ko !{@ 38 8+7A’D 76vkf -vdgsfzoq vojn M,kxtdv[vdu D @D lqomtok75oxt3spf0v’dkovto5]adlaf 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daovtmy[kpg4y’ ly’j c;f]hv,muwj fhxt3spf9kdlaf c]t lafwfh xt3spf9kdly’j c;f]hv,,uco;.fcfDj sk0=hlts^5[D #D 4k,{8v[djP;da[lafskpkd c]t .dh9tl6orao laf-toyf.f7;owfhIa[dkovto5]adL lfa -toyf.fgxoa gxkQ \\kpcs’j dkovto]5 da 0v’3]dL X.soh da IPo7oQ 7yf rvh ,m’a pdq 8;q 1kj ’8k,mIuj [a I,h6 kxtdv[p’yj gxoa dkofumluj f5 ? 19

lafmuj3]d9t8hv’vto5]ad Iadlk,ufaj’oUuG ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ T lafm,uj uI6[Ikj ’0t|kf.spj T lafmu,j u7;k,’k, T lafm,uj udkoczrj aopkd X8q;1kj ’G \\uDDD? T lafm,uj uvaf8kdko.sh]6dskj ’ X.sh]6d|hvpG -hk’DDD? T lfa m.uj s7h o5 7kj mk’lyo7kh l’6 T lfa m,uj u9eo;o|vh p T lafmu,j u7kj oypq,0v’la’7q,7qoI’aj ,u c]t vnoj MD #D lqomtok];,djP;da[zqodtmq[0v’lyj’c;f]hv,8=jdkofe]q’-u;yf0v’laf c]t dqf\\kp;jkfh;pdkovto5]adlafskpkd c]t .dh9tl6oraoD { 764k,g4y’ lafmusj kpkd c]t lafmu4j nd0q,j 069j kddko]kj mulj tg|u16.j oc[[IPoc]h; 776 ;o cotoe.soh da IPo-vdsklfa vojn Mmdju Pj ;0vh ’d[a dkovto]5 da moju da IPog7pu wfph oy F wfhvkj o s^n wfhg[’yj ]kpdkomk’3m]trk[g0Qk,klqomtokI;j ,d=wfhD { dfq \\kpmguj ;kQ g4y’dkovto]5 da ,uco;.fL $D ;Pd[kh oG cotoeoda IPo-vdskco;7;k,7yfdPj ;d[a dkovto]5 da lfa xkj D V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo 7r6 9y k]tok9kdG { 7;k,skh ;soa 0v’oda IPo.odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tdeF 7;k,lk,kf.odkolts[5^ c]t ]kp’kozoq D { 4k,{8v[ 7e4k,G { gxaospa’9b’j 8hv’vto5]adlaf .dh9tl6orao c]t skpkd.o lDxDx ]k;D 20

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດrkdmu II dkoxjPocx’0v’;af45 [qfmu _ dkoxjPocx’mk’fhko2u-yd c]t g7,u g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG { g0kQ .9dkoxPj ocx’0v’;fa 4D5 { [vd7;k,\\kp0v’dkoxPj ocx’mk’fkh o2u-yd c]t dkoxPj ocx’mk’fkh og7,u 0v’;fa 4D5 { 9ecodxkdqfdkodkoxjPocx’0v’;af458jk’Mwfh;jk vao.fgxaodkoxjPocx’ mk’2-u dy F voa .fgxoa dkoxPj ocx’mk’g7,Du { I9h6 da ]t,fa ]t;’a .odkooe.-;h fa 485 kj ’M grvnj [+.sgh duf,udkoxPj ocx’m[uj +,uxt3spfD { oe.-dh koxPj ocx’0v’;fa 4m5 ,uj uxt3spfD II. goNv.o8Qo8= dkoxPj ocx’0v’ly’j ;af45c[’j vvdgxao @ xtgrf7nG dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhko2u-yd c]t dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhkog7,uD dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhko2u-yd0v’l’yuj ;af45 c,oj dkoxPj ocx’0v’ l’jy ;fa 4m5 gju dfu 0oB F c8]j da ltotroN 4ko0v’l’jy ;fa 4[5 ,+ du koxPj ocx’ sn^ g;kQ vdu 1kj ’|’jb ;kj ,du ko xjPocx’gduf0BoF c8jdkoxjPocx’oAo[+wfhgIaf.shmkfmujxtdv[gxaolyj’;af45oAoxjPocx’D dkoxjPocx’mk’fhkog7,uF c,jodkoxjPocx’0v’lyj’;af45mujgduf0Bo c]h;gIaf.sh]adltot roN 4ko XlFu ]fq -kf c]t dojy ? 0v’,oa xPj ocx’ sn^ dkoxPj ocx’0v’l’jy ;fa 4m5 guj Ifa .smh kfxtdv[ gxoa l’jy ;fa 4o5 oA xPj ocx’D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo g8qkw2F dtxJv’gxqjkF -noF 7u,F 8tdP’gs^Qk _WF g9hpF 9vdcdh;F oEF da[w2F w,h0ufw2F ,ufF \\kdoaffy[F \\kdoafl5dF \\kddh;pfy[F \\kddh;pl5dF 7qdF gdnvF oE8koDDD 21

IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D dkomqf]v’ c]t vtryxkpgxaodj5,djP;da[dkoxjPocx’mk’fhko2u-yd !? c[’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D @? c[’j dyf9tdemqf]v’ !{# .oc[[IPo.shoadIPoc8]j td,5j 3fp.shc8]j td5,j xt8y[af ! dyf9tdeD 4hk,us^kpd5,j .shlv’d5,j xt8y[afdyf9tde|bj’ #? 76cotoe;ymuxt8y[afc8]j tdyf9tde.shoadIPog0Qk.9 rhv,ma’cotoeljy’muj8hv’]t ,af]t;a’.odkomqf]v’8k,c8]j tdyf9tdeg-oaj G { dko.-h8tdP’gs^Qk _WF ]t;a’[+.shgsQ^k _W 8qdgIpj s^n g2nvfvvd9kd8tdP’F g;]kfa[w28hv’gvqk/kxyf,aoxyf X[+.shgxqjk?S d;fgs^Qk _W g,jnv.lj8tdP’c]h; .sgh vkq wxw;wh d9kd8tdP’ { dko8Q,-noF g;]k-nogxjnvpc]h;gvqkvvd9kdw28hv’.-h7u,9a[.shfugrjnvxhv’dao dko8dq gIpj .l7j oq D $? c8]j td,j5 xt8[y fa dfy 9tdemwuj f4h dn deofq .s8h k,0oA 8vo c]t ;my mu cuj otoe.oc[[IPo &? c8]j td,5j 7Qo7;hksk7e8v[mwuj fh.shw;h.oc8]j tdyf9tdeD *? .szh 8h6 k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD (? 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[djP;da[dkoxjPocx’mk’fhko2u-yd.shwfh;jk dko xPj ocx’mk’fkh o2-u dy 0v’;fa 45 c,oj dkoxPj ocx’0v’;fa 4m5 guj dfu 0oB F c8]j da ltot rNo4ko0v’;af45[+,udkoxPj ocx’ s^n g;Qkvud1kj ’|b’j ;kj ,udkoxPj ocx’gduf0BoF c8dj koxPj ocx’ooA [+wfgh Ifa .smh kfmxju tdv[gxoa ;fa 4o5 oA xPj ocx’D @D mqf]v’ c]t lqomtokgxaod5j,djP;da[dkoxjPocx’mk’g7,u !? c[’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D @? c[j’dyf9tde $ sk * .shoadIPoc8j]td5j,S 4hk9eo;od5j,s^kpd;jk # d5j,.sh lv’d,5j 8+|’bj dyf9tde c8.j shcpdgIafgxaoc8]j td5,j D #? 76cotoe ;ymuxt8y[afc8]j tdyf9tde.shoadIPog0Qk.9 rhv,ma’cotoelyj’muj8hv’]t ,af]t;a’.odkomqf]v’8k,c8]j tdyf9tdeg-oaj G { dko.-h8tdP’gs^Qk _WF cotoe7nfa’j muj.odyf9tdegmy’oUD { dko96fg9hpF ]t;a’[+.shcx;w24nd7qoD { dko0ufw,h0ufw2 ]t;a’[+0uf1j6-jn|hkzh6vjno grktvkf9t,usq;w,h0ufw2s^5fvvd 2’Q wx4nd|kh 3fpltgrktc,oj 8kpy’j gxoa voa 8t]kpD 22

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ{ dko.-h,uf]t;a’1kj .sh,uf[kf,nD $? c8]j td5,j gIafdkomqf]v’dPj ;da[dkoxjPocx’mk’fhkog7,u8k,muwj fhltg|uw;h.o c[[IPoD &? c8]j td,5j 7Qo7;hksk7e8v[mwuj fh.shw;h.oc8]j tdyf9tdeD (? 76 c]t oadIPolts^5[djP;da[dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhkog7,u.shwfh;kj dkoxjPocx’ mk’fhkog7,u0v’;af45c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mujgduf0BoF c]h;gIaf.sh ]adltotrNo4ko XluF ]qf-kf c]t dyoj ? 0v’,aoxPj ocx’ s^n dkoxPj ocx’0v’;af45mujgIaf.shmkf xtdv[gxoa ;fa 4x5 Pj ocx’D #D lqomtok];,djP;da[dkoxjPocx’mk’fhko2u-yd c]t g7,u.o xt9e;ao 7d6 [a oda IPoI;j ,doa loq mtok3fp7.6 -7h e4k,oef’ja oUG { dkoxPj ocx’I6[Ikj ’0v’;af45 c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhko2u-yd s^n g7,uL { dkoxPj ocx’lu0v’;af45 c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhko 2u-yd s^n g7,uL { ]qflv’7aoc]oj fh;p7;k,w;l6’ 8edao9qo,5oj F dkoxPj o0v’]qfma’lv’c,oj xPj o cx’mk’2u-yd s^n g7,uL 9q’j .shgsfzqoD { r+g4Qklugvqkgsa^dglAoglAo|b’j ,k8ugxao,ufF dkoxPj ocx’9kdgsa^dglAogxao,uf c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhko2u-yd s^n g7,uL { g0kQ lko|’jb d3y ]dik,4dn [fq gxoa cx’h g0kQ c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’fkh o2-u dy sn^ g7,Lu { -Uo\\6 8Q,9qogxnvj p c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’fhko2u-yd s^n g7,uL phvospa’L { \\kdok;|;j p|’jb [u[oEvvd\\fq c,oj dkoxPj ocx’mk’fkh og7,u[+L pvh osp’a L { dkoxPj ocx’0v’;af45.fcfgj duf0Bo c]t leg]af]q’.ow]ptg;]klAoL { dkoxPj ocx’0v’;af45.fcfgj duf0Bo c]t leg]af]q’.ow]ptg;]kpk;L VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo l’a gdf9kdG { 7;k,loq .98+dkoIPoD { dkoxtdv[l;j ogIfa dkomfq ]v’ c]t dkovvd7e7yfgsoa 0v’oda IPoc8]j t7oq D { gsfzqo c]t 7;k,4nd8hv’0v’7egsao mulj qomtokda[\\6j c]t 8v[7e4k,0v’76D 23

[qfmu !W ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko]t]kp g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG { vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’dko]t]kp0v’;fa 4D5 { [vd7;k,\\kp8q;]t]kp c]t 8q;4nd]t]kp0v’;af45D { vtmy[kpdko]t]kp0v’;af458kj ’M.oG 8q;]t]kpvaofP;daoF 8q;]t]kp8’j daoF vo5 str,6 8kj ’doa D II. goNv.o8Qo8= ;af45mguj xaomkf]t]kpc,oj ;af45mxuj tlq,]ts;kj ’;af45lv’ s^n s^kp-toyfg0QkdaogxaogoNv fP;doa D .oooA F l’jy ;fa 4.5 f,xu t],y kos^kpd;kj ,[u fq [kfgxoa 8;q ]t]kp c]t ;fa 4.5 f,u xt],y ko |vh pd;kj gxoa 8;q 4dn ]t]kpD ;fa 4-5 tofy fP;doa ]t]kp.o8;q ]t]kp8kj ’doa wfxh t],y ko8kj ’doa c]t ;af45-toyf8kj ’dao]t]kp.o8q;]t]kp-toyffP;daowfhxt]y,ko8kj ’daoD ovd9kdoAo ;af45-toyffP;dao]t]kp.o8q;]t]kpvaofP;dao16jv5ostr6,8jk’daod=]t]kpwfh.oxt]y,ko 8kj ’doa D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo s^vfcdh;mqf]v’F oEF gs^QkF oE,aocvaf-a’F oE,aornfF oE,aog7njv’F fyocsh’F cxh’g0QkF suolQ,F gdnvF x6ozq’F 1k’\\kd,UF 9vdcdh; s^n 9vdx^kl8yd.lF oEIhvoF oE8ko0k;DDD IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D mqf]v’lkmyf c]t lqomtok];,djP;da[dko]t]kp !? g]nvdoadIPovklklt\\ad & 7qo 0Boxt8y[afdkomqf]v’163j 8t0v’76 @? 76cotoe;ymuxt8y[afdyf9tde.shoadIPog0Qk.9 c]h;,v[;Pd.shc8j]t7qoxt8y[af 3fp7qo|jb’xt8y[afda[;af451jk’|jb’ 8q;1jk’G .shzh6mu|jb’gIafdkomqf]v’da[dko ]t]kp0v’fyoF zm6h ulv’gIfa mfq ]v’d[a dko]t]kp0v’cx’h g0kQ DDD #? oda IPovklklt\\da c8]j t7oq xt8y[fa dkomfq ]v’8k,7ecotoe.oc[[IPoF 76-;j pgsn^voadIPoc8]j t7qoD 24

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ$? .soh da IPo7oq vnoj mu[j +4nd7fa g]nvd.sgh Ifa dkomfq ]v’zfa xPj odoa 0Bol’a gdfzoq dkomqf]v’ Xvkf9t.shoadIPo0Bola’gdfgmnjv]t38t?D &? .shoadIPo9eo;o|bj’ Xxt,ko ( 7qo? ]kp’kozqodkola’gdfmujla’gdfwfhD *? 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[dPj ;da[dko]t]kp.shwfhf’aj 7elts^5[.oc[[IPoD @D lqomtokgxaodj5,djP;da[8q;]t]kp c]t 8q;4nd]t]kp !? c[’j oda IPogxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D @? c8]j td,5j lbdlkgoNv.odPj ;da[dkodeoqf8q;]t]kp c]t 8q;4nd]t]kpD #? .szh 8h6 k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD $? 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[djP;da[8q;]t]kp c]t 8q;4nd]t]kp.shwfhfaj’.o c[[IPoD #D mqf]v’ c]t lqomtokgxaodj5,djP;da[dko]t]kp0v’;af45-toyf fP;dao.o8q;]t]kp8jk’dao !? c[’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D @? c[j’dyf9tdemqf]v’.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,3fp.shd5j,]t|bj’dyf9tde Xovd9kd gIafmqf]v’da[gdnv]t]kp.ooE c]t gs^Qkfaj’.oc[[IPoc]h;F 76vkf9tdeoqf .sh;af45-toyfvjno]t]kp.o8q;]t]kp-toyfvjnovud g-ajoG 1k’x6mk’]t]kp.o oE,aocvaf-a’ c]t oE,aornfF 1k’\\kd,U]t]kp.ooE,aornf c]t oElt[6F oE,aog7nvj ’]t]kp.ooE,aocvaf-a’DDD ?D #? c8]j td,j5 gIfa dkomfq ]v’dPj ;d[a dko]t]kp0v’l’yj ;fa 485 k,dyf9tde mwuj f4h ndde oqf.shxt8y[afD $? .szh 8h6 k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD &? 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daovtryxkplts^5[djP;da[dko]t]kp0v’;af45-toyffP; dao.o8q;]t]kp8jk’dao.shwfh0=hlts^5[;jk ;af45-toyffP;dao]t]kp.o8q;]t ]kp-toyf8jk’daowfh.oxt]y,ko8jk’daoD dko]t]kp0v’;af45.f|bj’F g,njv]t ]kpwfh.oxt]y,kog8a,lj;oc]h;9t[+]t]kpwfh8nj,vudD gryjogvUomkf]t]kpoU;jk mkf]t]kpv,uj 8q;D 25

$D mqf]v’ c]t lqomtokgxaod5j,djP;da[dko]t]kp0v’;af45-toyf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8jk’dao.o8q;]t]kpfP;dao !? c[’j oda IPogxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D @? c[j’dyf9tdemqf]v’.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,3fp.shd5j,]t|bj’dyf9tde Xovd9kd gIafmqf]v’da[gdnv c]t oE8ko ]t]kp.ooE fa’j .oc[[IPoc]h;F 76vkf9tde oqf.sh;af45-toyfvnjo ]t]kp.o8q;]t]kp-toyfvnjovud g-aoj G gdnv c]t 1k’x6mk’ ]t]kp.ooE,aocvaf-a’F 1k’\\kd,U c]t gdnv ]t]kp.ooE,aornfDDD?D #? c8j]td5j,gIafdkomqf]v’djP;da[dko]t]kp0v’;af458k,dyf9tdemujwfh4ndde oqf.shxt8y[afD $? .szh 8h6 k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD &? 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daovtryxkplts^5[djP;da[dko]t]kp0v’;af45-toyf8jk’ dao.o8q;]t]kpvaofP;dao.shwfh0=hlts^5[;jk ;af45 s^n mkf8jk’daolk,kf]t ]kp.o8q;]t]kp-toyffP;daowfh.oxt]y,ko8jk’daoD .odko]t]kp0v’;af45F xt]y,ko8q;4nd]t]kpm1uj 6.j omkf]t]kpgvUo;kj 7;k,g0A,0v’mkf]t]kpD 7;k,g0A,0v'mkf]t]kp = xxtt]]y,y,kkoo8mq;k4fnd]]tt]]kkpp×!WW : &D mqf]v’lkmyf c]t lqomtok];,djP;da[dko]t]kp !? g]nvdoadIPovklklt\\ad @ 7qo 0Boxt8y[afdkomqf]v’-;j p76D #? 76 c]t oadIPovklklt\\adxt8y[afdkomqf]v’8k,7ecotoe.oc[[IPoF $? .shoadIPo7qovjnomju[+4nd7afg]nvd.shgIafdkomqf]v’zafxjPodao0Bola’gdfzqodko mqf]v’ Xvkf9t.soh adIPo0Bol’a gdfgmnvj ]t38t?D &? .shoadIPo9eo;o|b’j Xxt,ko ( 7qo? ]kp’kozqodkola’gdfmulj a’gdfwfhD *? 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[djP;da[dko]t]kp0v’;af45-toyffP;dao.o8q; ]t]kpfP;dao.shlts^5[wfh;kj 8q;]t]kpvaofP;dao16jv5ostr6,8kj ’dao lk,kf]t ]kp8q;4nd]t]kpvaofP;wfhxt]y,ko8kj ’daoD v5ostr6,p’yj l6’F p’yj ]t]kpwfhs^kpD 26

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ*D lqomtok];,mq[m;ogoNv.o[qfIPo 7l6 oq mtokd[a oda IPo3fp.-7h e4k,oef’ja oUG { mkf]t]kpc,oj spa’L { phvospa’ ;af45[k’1kj ’]t]kp.ooE9qo\\qf c8[j k’1kj ’]t]kp[+\\qfL { gvqkoE\\kdok;|bj’[j;’dkg24vd.ljoEIhvo9vd|bj’D ]ts;jk’oE c]t oE \\kdok; vao.fgxao8q;4nd]t]kpF vao.fgxao8q;]t]kpL { gxaospa’ gdnv9bj’]t]kp.ooE c]t gs^Qk _W wfhxt]y,ko8kj ’daoL { 7;k,g0A,0v’mkf]t]kpc,oj spa’L { oE,aocvaf-a’ WF@ ]yf 4vd.loj E WF& ]yfD mkf.fgxaomkf]t]kpL 7v6 tmy[kpxkdfq dko8kj ’M mpuj dq 0Bo.soh da IPog0kQ .9D VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo l’a gdf9kdG { 7;k,loq .98+dkoIPoD { dkoxtdv[l;j ogIfa dkomfq ]v’ c]t dkovvd7e7yfgsoa 0v’oda IPoc8]j t7oq D { gsfzqo c]t 7;k,4nd8hv’0v’7egsaomulj qomtokda[\\6j c]t 8v[7e4k,0v’76D 27

[qfmu !! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dko1nf{sqf 0v’;af45phvo7;k,Ihvo g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .soh da IPolk,kfG { vtm[y kpwf;h kj ;fa 485 kj ’MF g,vnj Ivh o0oB ,oa 1fn 8;q vvd c]t g,vnj g1oa ]’q ,oa sfq 8;q g0kQ D { mfq ]v’1’A 1no;kj 0v’c0’F 0v’cs^; c]t dkl mu,j u[=]y,kfgmkjq doa xPj ocx’.ovo5 str6,gmkqj daoF dkl1nf8q;vvds^kpd;kj D { vtmy[kpwfh;kj dko1nf{sqf 0v’;af45,u7;k,cI’ { oe.-hdko1nf{sqf phvo7;k,Ihvog0Qk.o-u;yfxt9e;ao.shgdufxt3spfD II. goNv.o8Qo8=D ;fa 485 kj ’M 1fn vvdg,vjn vo5 str,6 0v’,oa gr,ju 0oB c]t sfq g0kQ g,vjn vo5 str,6 0v’,oa sf5^ ]’q D .og’vjn ow00v’dkoxPj ocx’vo5 str,6 7dn oa F ;fa 4-5 tofy 8kj ’doa 1fn {sfq wfh s^kp{|vh p 8kj ’doa D oE,u[=]y,kfohvpl5f16jv5ostr6, $ oC. dko1nf{sqf0v’;af45gduf,u7;k,cI’D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo g8kQ cd;h F dtfvo1k’mguj 9ktIw6 ;lh P[m+F m+cd;h ovh pF oElFu 8tdP’F 0k8’A F -k,F oEIvh o gs^Qk _WD IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D mqf]v’ c]t lqomtokgxaodj5,djP;da[dko1nf{sqf0v’vkdkf !? c[’j oda IPogxoa d,5j 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q d[a 9eo;ovx5 tdvomu,j uD @? 7c6 otoe;ymuxt8y[fa dkomfq ]v’.soh da IPog0kQ .9D #? c8]j td5,j gIafdkomqf]v’ 8k,muwj fhltg|uw;h.odyf9tde ! .oc[[IPoD $? c8]j td5,j 7Qo7;hksk7e8v[muwj fh.shw;h.osa^’dyf9tde !D &? z8h6 k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD *? 76 c]t oda IPoI;j ,doa lts[5^ dPj ;d[a dko1fn {sfq 0v’vkdkfpvh o7;k,Ivh o.swh f;h kj vkdkf1nfvvdg,njvv5ostr6,0v’,aogruj,0Bo c]t sqfg0Qkg,njvv5ostr6,0v’,ao sf^5 ]’q D 28

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ@D vtryxkpdjP;da[dko1nf{sqf0v’dkl.o-u;yfxt9e;ao !? 76oerkdkovtryxkp3fp.-h7e4k,oe 8q;1kj ’G { .o-;u fy xt9e;oa F oda IPogsoa xkdfq dkosp’a cfj mluj tcf’.sIh d6h kl1fn {sfq pvh o7;k, Ivh oL { ]qfmuj9vfw;h16[j vj omuj4ndcl’cffdhk 8uo0v’,aogxaoco;.fL phvospa’L { g;]kl6[vkdkf.l\\j kd[koF \\kd[ko8n’j 0BoD xkdqfdkof’ja dkj ; gxaodko1nf{sqf phvo7;k,Ihvo s^n [+L phvospa’L @? 7v6 tm[y kpc8]j txkdfq dkompuj dq 0oB .odkovtrxy kp.soh da IPog0kQ .9D #D mqf]v’ c]t lqomtokgxaodj5,djP;da[dko1nf{sqf0v’ 0v’cs^;phvo 7;k,Ihvo !? c[’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D @? 7c6 otoe;ymuxt8y[fa dkomfq ]v’.soh da IPog0kQ .9D #? c8]j td5,j xt8y[afdkomqf]v’dPj ;da[dko1nf{sqf 0v’ 0v’cs^;phvo7;k,IhvoD 8k,muwj fhltg|uw;h.odyf9tde @ .oc[[IPoD $? c8]j td,5j 7Qo7;hk.sh7egsaodPj ;da[dko 1nf{sqf 0v’0v’cs^;D &? .szh 8h6 k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD *? 76 c]t oda IPoI;j ,doa lts[^5 dPj ;d[a dko 1fn {sfq 0v’ 0v’cs^;pvh o7;k,Ivh o.sDh lts^5[wfh;jk 0v’cs^;1nfvvdg,njvv5ostr6,0v’,aogruj,0Bo c]t sqfg0Qkg,njv vo5 str,6 0v’,oa s^f5 ]’q D $D vtryxkp];,g4y’]adltotryglf0v’oE !? 76oerkdkovtryxkp3fp.-h7e4k,oe 8q;1kj ’G { g;]k8,Q oEF g,nvj oEIvh o0Bo ]tf[a oE.o\\=gh xoa co;.fL xkdfq dkof’ja dkj ; ltcf’ .shIh6spa’L { g,njvgvqkoE.ldj ;fcdh;g8a,wx.l.j oshv’c-cj 0’0v’8h6g1ao s^n 8h6c-Sj g,njvoE.od;f dhk,F d;fcdh;muj[ao95oE gxaoco;.fL phvospa’L { gxoa sp’a F .odko[oa 9z5 t]fy 8troa mguj xoa 0v’cs;^ g-oja G oEvfa ],q F oExkF gsk^Q F g[pFDDD gryoj [+.lgj 8,a g4y’/kxyf0v’,oa L @? 7v6 tmy[kpc8]j txkdfq dkomupj dq 0Bo.odkovtryxkp .soh da IPog0kQ .9D 29

7;k,Ih6grju,le]a[76G ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ xkdqfdkomjugvqkoE.ljd;f.lj.oshv’c-jc0’0v’86hg1aoF g,jnvoEdhk,d;fcdh; c8dooA pvh ogsfzoq f’ja oGU govnj ’9kd]da ltotrgy lf0v’oEF ,oa ,[u ]= ,y kfovh plf5 16j $oC c]t oEdhk,1j6 WoCD g,jnvv5ostr6,s^5f]q’c8j $oC { WoCF [=]y,kf0v’ oEgr,uj 0oB S l;j o[]= ,y kf cd;h sfq g0kQ D vdu fkh o|’bj dkosfq 1fn 0v’;fa 45 gIfa .sgh dfu 7;k,cI’G f’aj oAoF g,njv[=]y,kf0v’oEgru,j 0Bo X1nfvvd? ,aowfhdtmq[7;k,cI’ fao.lcj dh; 9b’j gIaf.shd;fcdh;[ao95oEoAoc8dD &D lqomtok];,djP;da[dko 1nf{sqf 0v’0v’c0’phvo7;k,Ihvo !? oda IPoc8]j t7oq ldb lkdkomfq ]v’0v’oda ;my tpklkfD @? .shoadIPo9eo;o|b’j Xxt,ko ( 7qo? ]kp’kozqodkolbdlkmu8j qogda[dewfhD #? 7.6 soh da IPo[vdco;7;k,7fy 0v’8oq dPj ;d[a dkomfq ]v’dko 1fn {sfq 0v’c0’;kj oda IPo9tgIfa co;.fD $? 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[dPj ;da[dko 1nf{sqf 0v’0v’c0’phvo7;k,Ihvo .shwfh0h=lts^5[;jk 0v’c0’ 1nf{sqf g,njvv5ostr6,0v’,aoxjPocx’ 3fp1nf8q; vvd g,nvj v5ostr6,0v’,ao gru,j 0Bo c]t sqf8q;g0Qk g,nvj v5ostr6,0v’,aos^5f]q’D .og’njvow00v’dkoxjPocx’v5ostr6,7ndaoF 0v’c0’-toyf8jk’dao 1nf{sqfwfh s^kp|hvp8kj ’daoD 0v’c0’ 1nf{sqf phvo7;k,Ihvo g4y’;kj ,ao sqf s^n 1nf|hvp c8,j oa gIfa .sgh duf7;k,cI’.spDj *D lqomtok];,g4y’dkooe.-hdkosqf{1nf phvo7;k,Ihvo0v’0v’c0’ !? 76vtoerkdkovtryxkp3fp.-h7e4k,oe 8q;1kj ’G { .oxt9e;aoF oadIPogsaoxkdqfdkospa’cfjmjultcf’.shIh6;jk0v’c0’ 1nf{sqf pvh o7;k,Ivh oLD { ,N2hkcffIhvoF lkpw22hkpko]q’d;kj ,N2hk[qfD oAoc,oj dko1nfvvdphvo7;k, Ihvo s^n [+L @? 7v6 tmy[kpc8]j txkdfq dkomupj dq 0Bo.odkovtryxkp .soh da IPog0kQ .9 (D lqomtok];,mq[m;odko1nf{sqf0v’;af45phvo7;k,Ihvo !? 7d6 [a oda IPoI;j ,doa loq mtok 3fp.-7h e4k,G { phvospa’.odkol6[]q, Xvkdkf? .l8j uo]qfgryoj 9b’j [+l6[.shg7’aj ML { phvospa’ .odko[ao950v’cs^;.ldj ;f gryoj 9b’j [+.l.j shg8a,ML 30

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ{ gsa^dmvj o|b’j ;k’16.j ov5ostr6,0v’shv’ c]h;gvqk95,j ]q’.o4a’oEdhvomvj ogsa^doAo 9tsqf8q;g0Qk[+L { g;]kgsa^d1nf8q;vvdl6’l5fF lu0v’gsa^dgxaoco;.f L { oe.-hdko1nf{sqf0v’0v’c0’ wfh4ndoe.-hco;.f L @? 7v6 tmy[kpc8]j txkdfq dkomupj dq 0Bo.odkovtryxkp .soh da IPog0kQ .9 cotoeG .odkodtdP,v5xtdvole]a[dkomqf]v’F 4hk[+,uv5xtdvofaj’.o[qfIPoF .sh76oe.-h ;af45vnoj mugj sao;kj gvqk,k.-hd=wfhzqo7ndao s^n .dhdaoD 8q;1kj ’G g8Qkcdh;F 4hk[+,ud=lk,kf .-hd;fcdh; Xd;fgs^QkF d;fgva, !WWF DDD? s^n d;fx^kl8yd Xd;foEfnj,F d;foE1k]hk’9ko DDD? cmodw= fDh VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo l’a gdf9kdG { 7;k,loq .98+dkoIPoD { dkoxtdv[l;j ogIfa dkomfq ]v’ c]t dkovvd7e7yfgsoa 0v’oda IPoc8]j t7oq D { gsfzqo c]t 7;k,4nd8hv’0v’7egsaomulj qomtokda[\\6j c]t 8v[7e4k,0v’76D 31

rkdmu III dkocpdlyj’;af45lq,xqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu !@ dkocpd;af45lq,xqomju[+gxaogoNvfP; g;]k $ -qj ;3,’ I. 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG !D [vd;ymucpdl’yj ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mu[j +gxoa goNvfP;c[[8kj ’M @D mfq ]v’cpdl’yj ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mu[j +gxoa goNvfP; #D oe.-;h ymucpdl’yj ;af45lq,xqomu[j +gxaogoNvfP;g0kQ .o-u;yfxt9e;ao II. goNv.o8Qo8= dkocpdl’jy ;fa 45 l,q xoq m[uj g+ xoa govN fP;xt8[y fa wfsh k^ p;my gu -oja G dko8v’F dko.-h c,gj sda^ F dkogIfa .s]h tgspu vkpF dko8dq rdb F dkogd[a F dkog0’u F dkoIvj oF dko/fa c]t dkoxt.soh voDDD 3fpvu’8k,]da ltot0v’l’yj ;fa 4m5 uxj tdv[gxoa 0v’l,q xoq D III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo dkodtdP,djvomqf]v’ !D le]a[dyf9tde !G mqf]v’dkocpd0Ug]njvpvvd9kdoE ]kpdko 9eo;o}d5j, { 0Ug]nvj p xt,ko ! [;j ’cd’ { zkh 8v’ ! voa { 9;p ! voa { g9ph 8v’ ! voa { oE ! -k,ovh p { 9vdcd;h .l ! |;j p { 0k8’A ! voa { w,hm6j s^n m6cj dh;le]a[7qoly’j lq,xqo ! 7j6 32

@D le]a[dyf9tde @G lkmyfdkooe.-hc,jgs^adcpd/5jogs^advvd9kdg,af-kp ]kpdko 9eo;o}d,5j { mvj oc,gj s^ad ! vao { /5oj gs^ad X 0U8tw[gs^ad? xt,ko ! [;j ’cd’ { fyo-kp xt,ko # [;j ’cd’ { g9hp0k; # czoj #D le]a[dyf9tde #G mqf]v’cpddk]t[6ovvd9kdgdnv ]kpdko 9eo;o}d,5j { 4h;pfyoohvp ! vao { gdnv ! [;j ’cd’ { dk]t[6o xt,ko !}& [;j ’cd’ { g9hpc0’0t|kf !W cm ! czoj { 8tdP’gs^Qk rhv,0v’[a’]q, c]t 8kokj ’];f ! -5f { da[w2 ! da[ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { [;j ’ohvp X [;j ’dkg2? ! dhko $D le]a[dyf9tde $G mqf]v’djP;da[dkogIaf.shoEwlfh;psuolQ, ]kpdko 9eo;o}d,5j { suolQ, ! dhvoohvp { 9vdcdh;.l @ |;j p { oE ! -k,ohvp IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D lqomtok];,djP;da[dkocpdlyj’;af45lq,xqo { 786 ’A 7e4k,oda IPo;kj G T c,oj .zg7upgsaoxt-k-qo groyj /afg0Qk[+F gIafco;.fL T 4hk1kdwfhg,af-kp]tvPfwxxtlq,da[-u,a’grnvj gmrNo s^n 3[dgInvo9tcpdgvqkg,af -kp]tvPfwfhco;.fL 33

76 c]t oadIPolts^5[ { xt-k-oq .-dh tf’Q /fa g0kQ grvnj gd[a gvkq dkd c]t suoovh pvvd9kdg,fa g0kQ lkoD { 4hk1kdwfhg,af-kp]tvPfwxxtlq,da[-u,a’grnvj gmrNo s^n 3[dF gIqklk,kfcpdgvqk g,fa -kpvvd9kdglf;fa 4v5 onj Mdvj o3fp.-gh 0’u Ivj oD @D mqf]v’dkocpd0Ug]njvpvvd9kdoE { 7l6 kmfy dPj ;d[a 0oA 8voxt8[y fa dkomfq ]v’cpd0gU ]vjn pvvd9kdoEg-oja G ;my ru [a g9ph 8v’ c]t dkogvqkg9hp8v’.lj.o9;pF dko4vdoEmju,u0Ug]njvpxqo16joAo]q’.lj.o 9;p8v’D { .soh da IPo]’q ,nxt8y[fa dkomfq ]v’f’ja oUG !? gvqk0Ug]nvj pxt,ko #{$ [;j ’.l9j vdc]h;xtlq,oEF s^a’9kdoAo 7qo.shg0QkdaoD @? .slh ’a gdf]da ltot0v’oExtl,q 0gU ]vjn pS 9kdooA gvkq wx8v’f;h pg9ph 8v’ sn^ zkh 8v’ Xzkh /kh pIv’9;p?D #? la’gdflyj’muj7hk’16gj my’g9hp s^n zhk8v’ c]t ly’j muj]vfzkj og9hp s^n zhk8v’]q’.lrj k -totmu[j ao95S s^a’9kdoAo .shoadIPo[aombdzqo.l8j k8t]k’D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8;q 1kj ’8k8t]k’[oa mdb zoq zoq dkol’a gdf { ,5oj F zq’ l’jy mluj ’a gdf { 0Ug]nvj pxqo16dj a[oE c8[j +]t]kp.ooE { ]adltotgoNv0v’0Ug]vnj p { 0Ug]nvj p { ]adltotgoNv0v’0Ug]vnj pmuxj tlq,oE { oE { ly’j muj7hk’1g6j my’g9hp s^n zhk8v’ { ly’j muj]vfzkj og9hp s^n zhk8v’ { 768A’7e4k,grnjvoewxl6j0=hlts^5[G T .o-u;yfxt9e;ao9toe.-h;ymudkocpdl’yj ;af45lq,xqo7ndyf9tdeoAogrvnj gIafspa’cfLj T dkocpdl’yj ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mu[j +gxoa goNvfP;3fpdko8v’oU9t.-ch pd l’yj ;fa 4m5 u[j +gxoa goNvfP;xtgrf.fcfLj T oadIPo9tlts^5[dkomqf]v’oUwfhco;.fL 34

76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[G 9kddkomqf]v’dyf9tdeoUgsao;kj 0Ug]vnj p8yf1g6j 9hp 8v’F lj;ooEgxao0v’cs^;9tws^-b,zjkog9hp8v’]q’l6jrk-tot[ao95D dkocpdlyj’;af45mju[+gxao govN fP;f;h p;my ou gU voU ;kj dko8v’D l’jy ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mguj xoa govN fP;4kh 9tcpdf;h p;my ou U l’jy ;fa 4o5 oA 8vh ’gxoa 0v’c0’[+]t]kp.o0v’cs^;D #D lkmyf dkooe.-hc,jgs^adcpd/5jogs^advvd9kdg,af-kp !? gvkq g,fa -kpcs’h xoq d[a /oj5 gsd^a mwuj f9h kddko4l6 tw[F l’a gdfgovN 0v’l’yj ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq c]t [oa mdb zoq D @? 3Ip0v’l,q xoq g,fa -kpcs’h d[a /oj5 gsda^ ]’q .lgj 9ph 0k;.[m|u ’jb c];h gvkq g9ph 0k;.[mu lv’xdq .lDj #? 9a[cmj’c,jgs^ad46g[qkMwx,kgmy’g9hp.[mulv’F s^a’9kdoAo.sh;k’mjvoc,jgs^adw;h gm’y g9ph .[mlu v’D $? pqdg9hp.[mulv’rhv,da[cm’j c,gj s^advvdwx;k’w;hgmy’g9hp0k;.[mulk, 9kdoAo .sgh vkq mvj oc,gj sd^a vvdF &? la’gdfl’yj mu8j qd1g6j 9hp.[mulk, c]t [aombdzqoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 8q;1jk’8k8t]k’[aombdzqo l’jy mluj ’a gdf zoq dkol’a gdf { ]adltotgoNv0v’lq,xqofyo-kp c]t /5oj gs^ad { gxao/5oj lufe c]t lugs^nv’xqodao { ly’j muj16gj my’.[g9hpmulv’ { /5oj gs^ad { ly’j muj16gj my’.[g9hpmulk, { /5oj gs^ad wfh8yfwxoec,gj s^adD { 768A’7e4k,grnjvoewxl6j0=hlts^5[G T ]adltotl;j oxtdv[0v’l’yj ;af45lq,xqo ,u7nco;.f8+da[c,gj s^adL T oadIPo9tlts^5[dkomqf]v’oUwfhco;.fL { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[G g,af-kpxtlq,/5oj 8tw[gs^ad c,oj ly’j ;af45lq,xqomuj [+gxaogoNv fP; c]t ;af45ma’lv’,u]adltotc0’ohvpM[+lk,kfspy[vvd9kddao wf’h kj pD f’ja ooA F gIkq lk,kfff6 /oj5 8tw[gsda^ mguj xoa 3]stcpdvvd9kdg,fa -kpwf3h fp oe.-hc,jgs^adD 35

$D mqf]v’cpddk]t[6ovvd9kdgdnv { 7v6 tm[y kpdPj ;d[a 0oA 8voxt8[y fa dkomfq ]v’S s’a^ 9kdooA .soh da IPo]’q ,xn t8[y fa dko mfq ]v’f’ja oUG !? gvqk0v’lq,xqodk]t[6oxqoda[gdnv8k,9eo;o mujcotoe.l4j h;pfyoohvpF la’gdf ]adltotgoNv0v’lq,xqo c]t [aombdzqoD @? 8fa g9ph c0’.s.h spj d;kj xkd4;h p #? g9ktI60t|kfglAozkj ol6odk’ WF& cm xt,ko ${& I616[j =]yg;og7y’j dk’g9hpc]h; gvkq wx;k’w;gh my’xkd4;h pD $? gvqk9vdcdh;.lmujltvkf c]t csh’wx’;ew;hgmy’g9hpS s^a’9kdoAo .shoegvqk;af45 fa’j dkj ;wx;k’w;hgmy’8kokj ’dAo]q,0v’8tdP’gs^Qk _W OC fa’j I6[D &? gzqk4h;pxt,ko @ okmuF la’gdfly’j mujgduf0Bo.o9vd c]t 4h;pD *? [oa mdb zoq .l8j k8t]k’ 8q;1jk’8k8t]k’[aombdzqo l’jy mluj ’a gdf zoq dkol’a gdf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { ]adltot0v’lq,xqomuj16.j o4h;pdvj ogzqkD { gxao0v’c0’ { ly’j muj16.j o4h;ps^a’gzqkc]h; gxao0v’c0’lu0k;F { [+,udyoj { ly’j muj8yf16.j o9vdcdh; { gxao;af45lu0k;05oj X7hkp7noEoq,F,udoyj dk]t[6o? { 768A’7e4k,grnjvoewxl6j0=hlts^5[G T dvj ogzqk1.6j o4h;p,uly’j ;af45vao.fcfLj goNv0v’ly’j ;af45c8]j t-toyf f’aj dkj ; ,u]adltotco;.fL T s^a’9kdgzqk la’gdfgsaospa’gduf0Bo.o9vdcdh;L oAoc,oj spa’ c]t I6hwfh co;.fL T ly’j mujgs^nv.o4h;p s^a’9kdgzqkc]h; c,oj spa’L gIafco;.f9’bj I6hL T oda IPo9tlts^[5 zoq dkomfq ]v’wfch o;.fL { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[G 0v’lq,xqo.o9;pc,jogdnv da[ dk]t[6oF g,njvdk]t[6owfhIa[7;k,Ihvo ,ao9t]tgsupgxao vkp cpdvvd9kdgdnv g,vnj rq[da[7;k,g1ao dk]t[6oxPj o 36

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດrk;t9kdvkp gxaoc0’ 8yfgdkt16dj a[0hk’0v’9vdD @D lyj’;af45mju[+gxaogoNvfP;[k’-toyf g-yj’lj;oxtdv[0v’,ao,u]adltotmjulk,kf xPj ork;t7’q 8;q 8kj ’doa D grojy lk,kfcpdl;j oxtdv[.f|’jb 0v’,oa vvd9kdl’jy l,q xoq 3fpoe.-]h da ltot0v’l;j oxtdv[ooA D #D xkdqfdko0v’c0’mujlk,kfxPj ocx’rk;t 9kdrk;tc0’gxaork;tvkp c]t 9kdrk;tvkp gxaork;tc0’3fp[+zkj ork;tcs^;D xkdqfdkof’aj dkj ;9tgduf0Bo da[lyj’;af45c0’rP’[k’1jk’gmqjkoAog-ajoG dk]t[6oF dhvo1kg\\aoda[c,’lk[F dhvo1kfa[dyjo;yf4jkpDDD gryjogvUodkocpdlyj’;af45lq,xqomju[+gxaogoNvfP;;ymuoU;jkG dko]tgsupvkpD $D mqf]v’ dkogIaf.shoE.lfh;psuolQ, { 7v6 tmy[kpdPj ;d[a 0oA 8voxt8y[fa dkomfq ]v’ c];h .soh da IPo]’q ,nxt8y[fa f’aj oUG !? 8adoE05oj .lrj k-tot.l @ vaogmqkj daoxt,ko !}@ 0v’rk-tot c]h; \\kpg]d ! c]t @ 8yf.lrj k-totma’lv’D @? cd;’j suolQ,.l.j ooE0o5j muj[ao951.6j ork-totvaomu !9eo;o !W 7A’S l;j o.ork-tot mu @ [+8hv’cdj;’suolQ,D 8A’rk-totma’lv’w;hrkp.o !W okmuF la’gdf c]t [oa mdb zoq D { 768A’7e4k,grnjvoewxl6j0=hlts^5[G T s^a’9kd8A’w;hrkp.o !W okmuF oE.ork-totma’lv’,u]adltotc8d8jk’dao s^n [+co;.fL 4hk8A’w;h8+wx vud ! ;ao zqomujwfh9tgxaoco;.fL grktgsf.fL T lts^5[zqodkomqf]v’wfhco;.fL { 76 c]t oda IPoI;j ,doa lts[5^ G g,vjn gvkq sou l,Q cd;’j .ooE0oj5 F sou l,Q 9t]t]kp .ooE gdufgxaorbdg[qklu0k;S ly’j ;af458kj ’Mmujgxao0v’c0’16.j ooE9t,kgdktmujrbd c]t cpd8;q vvd9kdoES g,vjn xtw;fh oq M 0v’c0’d9= t8dq rdb ovo1dj6 oQ rk-tot 9kdooA gIqk9b’j ]yogvqk0v’cs^;vvd9kd0v’c0’wfh ;ymuoUgvUo;kj G dkogIaf.sh8qdrbdD 9kdzqodkomqf]v’dyf9tde8jk’Mlk,kflts^5[wfh;jkG dkocpdlyj’;af45lq,xqo mu[j +gxoa goNvfP;9tcpdwfsh ^kp;ymu ]kptvPf.oxB,c[[IPoD 37

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 76ry9k]tok9kdG { 7;k,g0kQ .9 c]t loq .9.odkoxt8[y fa dfy 9tdedkomfq ]v’F dkolkmfy c]t dko 8v[7e4k, !D l’yj ;af45lq,xqo8+wxoU .-hcpdfh;p;ymu.fF .shoadIPo\\kp.l.j oshv’8k8t]k’.sh 4dn 8vh ’D -njlyj’;af45lq,xqo dko8v’ Ijvo ]tgsupvkp suolQ,cd;j’ .-hc,jgs^ad { Iexoq d[a g0kQ lko { 7exoq d[a fyo.ooE { g0,a \\f5 xoq g,fa -kp { oExoq 0U8,q @D 9q’j pqd8q;1kj ’;ymucpdly’j ;af45lq,xqo.f|b’j mujxt-k-qo.omhv’4yoj 0v’oadIPowfhoe .-hF gryoj gIafco;.fL 38

[qfmu !# dkocpd;af45lq,xqomjugxaogoNvfP; g;]k $ -qj ;3,’ I. 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG { [vd;ymucpd;af45lq,xqomjugxaogoNvfP;c[[8jk’MGdkocpd8q;]t]kpFdko]t gsupcs’h F dkocpdf;h p;ymu 3di,k38dik2u { mfq ]v’cpd;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mugj xoa govN fP; { oe.-h;ymucpd;af45lq,xqomuj gxaogoNvfP;g0Qk.o-u;yfxt9e;ao II. goNv.o8Qo8= dkocpdl’jy ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mguj xoa govN fP;9tcpdwfsh ^kp;my gu -oja G dkoltdfa f;h p 8;q ]t]kpF dko]tgsupcsh’F dkocpdfh;p;ymu 3di,k38dik2u c]t ;ymuvnoj MD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo dkodtdP,dvj omfq ]v’ le]a[dyf9tde !G mqf]v’dkocpdfh;p8q;]t]kp ]kpdko 9eo;o}d5j, { 0U\\Yo ! sq; { gs^kQ gv8k3oo & cm3 { oE ! -k,ohvp { 9vdcdh;.l @ |;j p le]a[dyf9tde @G dkomqf]v’dko]tgsupcsh’ ]kpdko 9eo;o}d5j, { gdnv xt,ko ! [;j ’cd’ { 9ko ! .[ { 8tdP’gs^Qk c]t da[w2 ! vao}! da[ { gs^Qkgv8k3oo !W cm3 39

#? le]a[dyf9tde #G lkmyfdkocpdfh;p;ymu 3di,k38dik2u Xma’lv’ dyf9tde? ]kpdko 9eo;o}d5j, { g9hp-b,-a[F g9hplkF .[w,h ! czoj s^n ;af45vnoj muj8hv’dkomqflv[D ! vao { l=0k; ! dvj ’ohvp { oEg,dy ! vao { w,h9U,c0h; s^n w,hcs^, ! vao { xkddk-,b IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D lqomtok];,djP;da[dkocpdlyj’;af45lq,xqomjugxaogoNvfP; { 76.shoadIPola’gdfI6[8k,xB,c[[IPo c]t 8A’7e4k,;jk9tcpdlyj’;af45 lq,xqo8kj ’M vvd9kddaowfhco;.fL g-aoj G oEvhvp.o8QovhvpF oE.[g8upDDD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[G.o-u;yfxt9e;ao ,udkocpdly’j ;af45lq,xqomujgxaogoNv fP;vvdf;h p;my 8u kj ’Mg-oja G dko7oA oE\\kdw,vh vd9kd\\kdw,Fh dkocpdoEvvh p vvd9kd8oQ vvh pF oEvvh pmwuj fh g,vjn gvkq wx0Ph ;9oq cs’h 9twfoh E8kovvh p sn^ dkooegvkq .[g8pu wx8,Q 9twfoh E.[g8pu l0u P;vvj o,du ojy sv, c]t ,]u fq -kfltgrkt8;q D ovd9kd ;ymumudj kj ;,koUc]h; pa’,u;ymudkocpdmkfvonj vudD @D mqf]v’djP;da[dkoltdaffh;p8q;]t]kp { c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod,5j F c8]j td,5j mqf]v’dyf9tdecpdmkf9kdl;j o8kj ’M0v’ rnf 8k,xB,c[[IPoD { c8]j td5,j xt8y[afF la’gdfF [aombdzqo c]t oeltg|u { 768A’7e4k,grvnj oewxl06j =hlts^5[G T 4hkgvqkgv8k3ooxtlq,da[oE zqodkoltdafmkf9tgxaoco;.fL T dko-vp0U\\Yogxoa 8vj oovh pM zoq dkoltdfa 9tgxoa co;.fL 40

T 9toegvqkmkfmujltdafwx.-hxt3spfspa’wfhcfLj T 8q;]t]kp8kj ’-toyfdao.-hltdafmkfwfh7ndao s^n [=j co;.fL { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[G l;j o8kj ’M0v’rnfg-aoj G fvdF \\kd Fg,afFcdoj F.[DD ,umkfmuoj e,k.-hxt3spfwfhD rnf[k’-toyfltlq,cxh’F w0,aoF [k’-toyf,udoyj sv, c]t [k’-tofy ,lu Du 4kh .-;h my du kocpdmguj \\ktl,q dl= k,kf oegvkq mkfgskj^q ooA vvd ,k.-hxt3spfwfhD mkf[k’-toyf]t]kpwfhfu.o8q;]t]kp8kj ’daoD #D lbdlkdko]tgsupcsh’ { 7c6 otoeoda IPoldb lkdPj ;d[a dkocpdgdvn ]t]kp.ooED { c[’j oadIPogxaod,5j F.shoadIPoc8]j td,5j ln[8+gIafdyf9tdeG cpdgdnv]t]kp.ogs^Qk c]t gdnv]t]kp.ooEF la’gdf c]t [aombdzqoD 8q;1jk’8k8t]k’[aombdzqo lyj’mju.-hmqf]v’ zqodkola’gdf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ djvo8Q, s^a’8Q, { mkf]t]kpgdnv ]t]kp.ooE .lF [+,ulu oE]tgsupvkpvvd\\qf ,uly’j ;af45lu0k;gs^nv16.j o9koD { mkf]t]kpgs^Qk ]t]kp.ooE [+,uly’j ;af45lu0k;gs^nv16.j o9koD { 768A’7e4k,grvnj oewxl06j =hlts^5[G T ]da ltotgoNv0v’lv’1kj ’gxoa co;.fL T s^a’9kd8Q,csh’c]h; pa’gsaospa’gs^nv196j ko3]stF I6hwfhco;.fL { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[ c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,j 8k,xB,c[[IPoD s’a^ 9kd8,qh mkf]t]kpgdvn g-’jy gxoa 0v’c0’]t]kp.ooE9oq cs’h 9tgsoa 1dj6 oQ 9ko,gu dvn F l;j omkf]t]kpgs^kQ mugj xoa 0v’cs^;]tgsupvkp’kj p d;kj oE g,vnj 8,Q 9oq cs’h [+gsoa sp’a gs^nv16j doQ 9koD f’ja ooA F lk,kflts[5^ wf;h kj G 4kh l’jy ;fa 4l5 ,q xoq mguj xoa govN fP;m,uj lu ;j oxtdv[0v’,oa gxoa 0v’c0’]t]kp.o0v’cs;^ gIkq lk,kfcpdl;j oxtdv[f’ja dkj ;vvd9kddoa wf3h fp;my 8u ,Q .sh 0v’cs^;]tgsupvvd \\qfc]h;gs^nvc80j v’c0’gryoj gvUo;kj Gdko]tgsupcsh’D 41