รายงานวิจัย-สภาพปัญหาและแนวทางการพัฒนาสิทธิด้านอาหารฯ - อ.ทศพล

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§π™√“ „πªï 2545 √Õâ ¬≈– 9.4 ¢Õߪ√–™“°√À√◊Õ ·ºπæ—≤π“œ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 9 ®ß÷ ª√—∫‡ªÑ“À¡“¬„Àâ¡ ’ ¥—  à«π ‡°◊Õ∫ 6 ≈â“π§πÕ“¬ÿ 60 ªï¢È÷π‰ª §π™√“ à«π„À≠à ª√–™“°√¬“°®π‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 12 ¿“¬„πªï 2549 À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 91 ¡’°“√»÷°…“‡æ’¬ß 4 ªï À√◊ÕπâÕ¬°«à“ ª√– ∫°“√≥å§√È—ßπ—Èπ· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ª√–™“°√®”π«π 1 „π 3 ‡ªπì À«— Àπ“â §√«— ‡√Õ◊ π ·≈–·¡â«à“√âÕ¬≈– 99 ‰¡àπÕâ ¬¬—ß¡’§«“¡‡ ¬’Ë ßµÕà §«“¡¬“°®π ®–¡√’ “¬‰¥â ·µàºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬‡ÿ °Õ◊ ∫ 2 ≈â“π§π ¬—ß¡’√“¬‰¥â ‰¡à‡æ¬’ ßæÕµÕà °“√¥”√ß™«’ µ‘ √Õâ ¬≈– 6.3 Õ¬§Ÿà π‡¥¬’ « ¿“«–‡»√…∞°‘®∑’ˇ¢â¡·¢Á߇™àπ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π “¡“√∂ ´Ë÷߇ªìπ —¥ à«π∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“ªï 25376 ªí®®ÿ∫—π§π™√“ ‡ªìπªí®®—¬‡°◊ÈÕÀπÿπ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢®—¥§«“¡¬“°®π‰¥â ∑¬’Ë “°®π 400,000 §π (√âÕ¬≈– 16) ‰¥√â ∫— ‡ßπ‘ ‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‡æË◊ÕªÑÕß°—π¡‘„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“ Õ¥ÿ Àπÿπ‡¥Õ◊ π≈– 300 ∫“∑´÷ßË ™à«¬§à“„™®â “à ¬‰¥‡â 欒 ß ‡™àπ«‘°ƒµ∑ºË’ “à π¡“ ®÷ßµâÕß à߇ √‘¡·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√ ‡≈°Á πâÕ¬‡∑“à ππÈ— 7 §ÿ⡧√Õß∑“ß —ߧ¡„À⥒¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ªí®®ÿ∫—π «— ¥‘°“√ —ߧ¡ §√Õ∫§≈¡ÿ ª√–™“°√‡æ¬’ ß√Õâ ¬≈– 12.6 ´ßË÷ ‰¥·â °à√Õâ ¬≈– §πæ‘°“√ „πªï 2544 ¡§’ πæ°‘ “√√Õâ ¬≈– 1.8 ¢Õß 20 ¢Õß·√ßß“π∑ß—È À¡¥‡∑“à πÈπ— πÕ°®“°πÈ—π °“√ª√–°π— ª√–™“°√™“«‰∑¬ À√Õ◊ 1.1 ≈“â π§π 3 „π 4 À√Õ◊  —ߧ¡¬—߉¡à§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡§πß“π¿“§‡°…µ√·≈–§πß“π„π √âÕ¬≈– 76 ‰¡à¡’°“√»÷°…“À√◊Õ¡’°“√»÷°…“µ”Ë °«à“ ‡»√…∞°‘®πÕ°√–∫∫ª√–¡“≥°“√«à“¡’·√ßß“π∑’Ë√—∫ß“π √–¥∫— ª√–∂¡»°÷ …“ πÕâ ¬°«“à §√ßË÷ ÀπßË÷ ¡ß’ “π∑” ·≈– ‰ª∑”∑Ë’∫â“π°«“à 600,000 §π ·√ßß“π‡À≈“à π’¡È ’√“¬‰¥â §πæ°‘ “√∑¡’Ë ß’ “π∑”¡√’ “¬‰¥‡â 欒 ß 2 „π 3 ¢Õß§πª°µ‘ ‰¡à·πàπÕπ ·≈–®–‰¡à‰¥â√—∫§«“¡§âÿ¡§√Õß„π™à«ß ·¡§â πæ°‘ “√∑®’Ë ¥∑–‡∫¬’ π°∫— °√¡ª√–™“ ß‡§√“–À®å – ‡»√…∞°®‘ µ°µË”11 ‰¥â√—∫§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ∫“ߪ√–°“√ ·µà°√–∫«π°“√ ®¥∑–‡∫¬’ π°´Á ∫— ´Õâ π·≈–¬ßàÿ ¬“° ©–ππÈ— „πªï 2546 Õ¬à“߉√°¥Á ’ „π‡√◊ÕË ßπ¡È’  ’ —≠≠“≥∑Ë¥’ ’ Õ“∑‘‡™àπ „πªï 2542 ∑–‡∫¬’ π§πæ°‘ “√¢Õß∑“ß√“™°“√®ß÷ ¡√’ “¬™Õ◊Ë ºæ⟠°‘ “√ ¡’Õߧå°√™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√®—¥ «— ¥‘°“√™ÿ¡™π∑Ë’„Àâ ‡æ’¬ß 357,753 §π‡∑à“π—Èπ8 ºŸâ∑Ë’¡’§«“¡æ‘°“√¡“° ∫√‘°“√·≈–§«“¡§âÿ¡§√Õß·°à ¡“™‘°∂÷ß 51,667 °≈ÿà¡ ®π‰¡ à “¡“√∂∑”ß“π‰¥â®–‰¥â√—∫‡ß‘πÕÿ¥Àπÿπ‡¥◊Õπ≈– ¡’ ¡“™‘°°«à“ 7 ≈â“π§π ·≈–¡’ ‘π∑√—æ¬å‡°◊Õ∫ 17,000 500 ∫“∑9 ≈â“π∫“∑ À“°Õߧ°å √‡À≈“à π’ȉ¥√â ∫— °“√ π∫—  ππÿ „À‡â ¢¡â ·¢ßÁ ¬ß‘Ë ¢π÷È °®Á – “¡“√∂∑”Àπâ“∑‡Ë’  ¡Õ◊ π°π— ™π§ÿ¡â §√Õß™¡ÿ ™π ™π°≈àÿ¡πâÕ¬·≈–°≈àÿ¡™“µ‘æ—π∏ÿå „πªï 2545 ¡’ ®“°º≈°√–∑∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â ™π°≈ÿà¡πâÕ¬·≈–°≈àÿ¡™“µ‘æ—π∏åÿ 900,000 §π„π À¡àŸ∫â“π 1,600 ·Àßà ∑«Ë— ª√–‡∑» §π°≈¡àÿ πÈ’ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– ‡ππâ °“√°√–®“¬√“¬‰¥â Õ¬“à ߬ßË‘ °≈¡ÿà ∑Õ’Ë ¬∫Ÿà πæπ◊È ∑ Ë’ ߟ ¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ π∫— «“à ¬“°®π∑ Ë’ ¥ÿ ª√–¡“≥§√Ë÷ßÀπË÷ßÕ“»—¬Õ¬àŸ„πæ◊Èπ∑Ë’Àà“߉°≈·≈– „π∑»«√√…∑ºË’ “à π¡“ ‡°Õ◊ ∫‰¡à¡°’ “√‡ª≈ˬ’ π·ª≈ߥ“â π°“√ Àπ૬ߓπ√“™°“√‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“∂÷߉¥â ®÷߉¡à‰¥â√—∫ °√–®“¬√“¬‰¥‡â ≈¬  à«π·∫ßà √“¬‰¥â§√«— ‡√◊Õπ√Õâ ¬≈– 20 ∫√‘°“√æπ◊È ∞“π∑ ’Ë ”§—≠10 ∑Ë’¬“°®π∑Ë’ ÿ¥§ß∑’˪√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 4 ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’ °“√»÷°…“‡√Ë◊Õߺ≈°√–∑∫µàÕ°“√°√–®“¬√“¬‰¥â®“°°“√ ∫∑‡√¬’ π®“°Õ¥µ’ – √°— …“§«“¡‡®√‘≠‡µ∫‘ ‚µ∑“ß æ≤— π“·≈–π‚¬∫“¬µà“ßÊ πâÕ¬¡“° ·≈–§«√¡’°“√»÷°…“ ‡»√…∞°‘®·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√§¡âÿ §√Õß∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡‡æË◊Õ„™â‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß°“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬°√–®“¬ √“¬‰¥â ∑’®Ë √ß‘ ·≈â«°“√°√–®“¬√“¬‰¥πâ ∫— «à“‡ªì𧫓¡¬“° «‘°ƒµ§√È—ß≈à“ ÿ¥∑”„Àâ®”π«πª√–™“°√¬“°®π‡æË‘¡¢È÷π∂÷ß ®π‡™ß‘  ¡— æ∑— ∏å ·≈–§«√‡ªπì «“√–°“√æ≤— π“∑ Ë’ ”§≠— ¢Õß 3 ≈â“π§π ¥ß— ππÈ— ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õß·ºπæ≤— π“œ ©∫—∫∑Ë’ 8 ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π√–¬–µÕà ‰ª ∑Ë’®–≈¥§«“¡¬“°®π‡À≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 10 ®÷߉¡à —¡ƒ∑∏‘º≈ 5 °√¡ª√–™“ ß‡§√“–Àå (ªí®®ÿ∫π— §Õ◊ °√¡æ≤— π“ ß— §¡·≈– «— ¥°‘ “√), ¢âÕ¡≈Ÿ °“√ ”√«® « — ¥°‘ “√ —ߧ¡√–¥∫— §√—«‡√◊Õπ, 2542. 6  ”π—°ß“π ∂µ‘ ‘·Àßà ™“µ‘, √“¬ß“π°“√ ”√«®ºâ Ÿ ŸßÕ“¬„ÿ πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, 2545. 7  ”π°— ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√æ—≤π“°“√‡»√…∞°®‘ ·≈– —ߧ¡·Ààß™“µ‘, °“√æ≤— 𓇻√…∞°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» : 2 ªï·Ààß°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß, 2546, Àπ“â 89 8 www.oppd.opp.go.th/regist/stat_regist.htm (22 ∏—𫓧¡ 2546), 9  ”π—°ß“π ∂µ‘ ‘·Ààß™“µ‘, √“¬ß“π°“√ ”√«® ÿ¢¿“æ·≈– « — ¥‘°“√, 2544. 10 www.dsdw.go.th/service/t_mountain.html (22 ¡°√“§¡ 2547). 11 „πªï 2545 ª√–¡“≥°“√«“à 400,000 §√«— ‡√Õ◊ π À√◊Õ 600,000 §π ¡’Õ“™æ’ √—∫ß“π‰ª∑”∑Ë∫’ “â π ( ”π°— ß“π ∂‘µ·‘ Àßà ™“µ‘, √“¬ß“π°“√ ”√«®º√⟠∫— ß“π‰ª∑”∑’∫Ë â“π, 2545) ·µà·À≈ßà ¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈∑Ë’‰¡à‡ªπì ∑“ß°“√ª√–¡“≥°“√«à“®”π«πºŸ√â ∫— ß“π‰ª∑”∑∫Ë’ “â π π“à ®– Ÿß∂ß÷ 900,000 §π (‡§√◊Õ¢“à ¬æ≤— π“·√ßß“ππÕ°√–∫∫·≈–»Ÿπ¬»å ÷°…“·≈–æ—≤π“ºâ√Ÿ —∫ß“π‰ª∑”∑∫’Ë “â π, 2545) 14

¿“√°®‘ ∑Ë’∑“â ∑“¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√¢®—¥ 3. °“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®·≈–§«“¡√∫— º¥‘ ™Õ∫ ‡ √¡‘  √“â ß §«“¡¬“°®π·≈–¡’¿“«–‡»√…∞°®‘ ∑¥’Ë ’ √—∞∫“≈®÷ß°”Àπ¥  ¡√√∂π–„π°“√µ‘¥µ“¡ «‡‘ §√“–Àºå ≈°“√æ≤— π“ ·≈– ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ MDG+ ∑’Ë∑â“∑“¬¬‘ËߢÈ÷π §◊Õ ≈¥§«“¡ °”Àπ¥¬∑ÿ ∏»“ µ√§å «“¡¬“°®π√–¥∫— ®ß— À«¥— ·≈–∑Õâ ß∂π‘Ë ¬“°®π„Àâµ”Ë °«à“√âÕ¬≈– 4 ¿“¬„πªï 2552 ‚¥¬®– ‚¥¬º ¡º “𧫓¡™”π“≠∑“߇∑§π‘§√à«¡°—∫·π«∑“ß ¥”‡π‘π°“√∑Ë’ ”§—≠¥ß— πÈ’ °“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¢Õß™ÿ¡™π„π°“√ √â“ß·ºπ∑’˧«“¡¬“°®π ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ°“√µ‘¥µ“¡º≈∑Ë’‡À¡“– ¡°—∫∫√‘∫∑¢Õß 1. ®—¥ √√ß∫ª√–¡“≥„Àâ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫æ◊Èπ∑Ë’·≈–°≈àÿ¡ ·µ≈à –æπ◊È ∑Ë’ √«¡∑ß—È ‚Õπ¿“√°®‘ „π°“√„À∫â √°‘ “√∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬§π®π °“√®¥—  √√ß∫ª√–¡“≥„Àâ°∫— ‡ª“Ñ À¡“¬ ·≈–°“√‡ √‘¡ √â“ß»—°¬¿“æ¢ÕߺŸâ¬“°‰√â¥âÕ¬‚Õ°“ „Àâ ·≈–¡“µ√°“√≈¥§«“¡¬“°®π‡ªìπ‡√Ë◊Õß ”§—≠¡“° ™¡ÿ ™π∑âÕß∂‘πË ·≈–Õߧ°å √æ—≤π“‡Õ°™π æ√Õâ ¡°∫— æ—≤π“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬ˑߠ”À√—∫¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ √–∫∫°“√‡ßπ‘ ·≈–°“√„À∫â √°‘ “√∑’Ë‚ª√ßà „ ·≈–µ√«® Õ∫‰¥â ·≈– “¡®—ßÀ«—¥™“¬·¥π¿“§„µâ ∑È—ßπ’È√«¡∂÷ß°“√ °”Àπ¥ß∫ª√–¡“≥摇»… ”À√—∫‡°…µ√°√√“¬¬àÕ¬ 4. „™â‡§√◊ÕË ß¡Õ◊ „π°“√«‡‘ §√“–Àµå à“ßÊ ‡æË¡‘ ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈ ·≈–ºâŸ‰¡à¡’∑’Ë¥‘π∑”°‘π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬ˑ߰≈ÿà¡∑Ë’¡’ „π°“√‡®“–À“°≈àÿ¡§π¬“°®π ‡§√Ë◊Õß¡◊Õ∑Ë’ ”§—≠·≈– §√Õ∫§√—«¢π“¥„À≠à ‡æ◊ËÕ¢¬“¬‚Õ°“ ·≈–°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß ®”‡ªì𠇙àπ ·ºπ∑Ë’§«“¡¬“°®π¢Õß∑ÿ°¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‚¥¬„Àâ ∫√°‘ “√∑“ß ß— §¡ §«“¡ ”§—≠‡ªìπ摇»…°—∫¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ·≈– 2. æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√§â¡ÿ §√Õß∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‚¥¬¢¬“¬°“√  “¡®—ßÀ«—¥™“¬·¥π¿“§„µâ ·≈–°“√®¥— ∑”¢âÕ¡≈Ÿ ≈°— …≥– ª√–°π—  ß— §¡„À§â √Õ∫§≈¡ÿ º∑⟠∑’Ë ”ß“π„π‡»√…∞°®‘ πÕ°√–∫∫ ‡»√…∞°®‘  ß— §¡ ·≈–ª≠í À“§«“¡¬“°®π¢Õß°≈¡àÿ ¥Õâ ¬  π—∫ πÿπ√–∫∫™ÿ¡™πæ÷Ëßµπ‡Õß  «— ¥‘°“√·≈–°“√ ‚Õ°“ ‡æË◊Õ„Àâ∑√“∫§«“¡®”‡ªìπ‡√àߥà«πÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡πË◊Õß §âÿ¡§√Õß∑“ß —ߧ¡ ‡™àπ °≈ÿà¡ÕÕ¡∑√—æ¬å  À°√≥å °“√®¥∑–‡∫’¬π§π®π ´Ëß÷ √∞— ∫“≈‰¥√â ‡‘ √¡Ë‘ ¢πÈ÷ „πªï 2547 ‡§√¥‘µ¬Ÿ‡π’¬π „Àâ “¡“√∂‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–∑”Àπâ“∑Ë’‡ªìπÀ≈—° π—∫‡ªìπÕ’°«‘∏’ÀπË÷ß∑Ë’®–™à«¬√«∫√«¡√“¬™Ë◊Õ§π®π‡æ◊ËÕ ª√–°—π∑“ß ß— §¡·°™à ¡ÿ ™π∑Ë’§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∑—ßÈ ª√–‡∑» √«¡ µ‘¥µ“¡º≈°“√·°â‰¢ª≠í À“§«“¡¬“°®π„π∑ÿ°®—ßÀ«¥— ∑—Èߧ«√„Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“‡æË◊Õ°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬·≈–¡“µ√°“√ °√–®“¬√“¬‰¥â §«“¡∑â“∑“¬ ”§—≠‰¥â·°à°“√æ—≤π“ ∑“߇≈◊Õ°∑Ë’‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√∫— §π°≈ÿ¡à µà“ßÊ ·≈–¡“µ√°“√ °“√„À∫â √‘°“√Õ¬“à ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–ª√– ∑‘ ∏º‘ ≈ 15

‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¬Õà ¬∑’Ë 2 : ≈¥ —¥ «à πª√–™“°√∑À’Ë ‘«‚À¬≈ߧ√Ë÷ßÀπ÷ßË „π™à«ßªï 2533-2558 ª√–‡¡‘πº≈°“√æ—≤π“ ∫√√≈‡ÿ ª“Ñ À¡“¬·≈â« µ—«™«’È ¥— 2533 2538 2543 2545 ‡ª“Ñ À¡“¬MDG ªï 2558  ¥—  «à πª√–™“°√∑¡’Ë √’ “¬‰¥µâ Ë”°«“à ‡ πâ §«“¡¬“°®π¥“â πÕ“À“√ 6.9 3.6 4.2 2.2 3.4 (2537) Õµ— √“‡¥°Á Õ“¬ÿµË”°«“à À⓪∑ï π’Ë ”È Àπ—°µË”°«“à ‡°≥±å 18.6 11.8 8.5 8.6 ° 9.3 ª√–‡¡π‘ ¢âÕ¡≈Ÿ §«“¡µÕà ‡πÕË◊ ߢÕߢÕâ ¡≈Ÿ °“√«‡‘ §√“–À¢å Õâ ¡≈Ÿ ª√–°Õ∫°“√µ¥—  π‘ „®π‚¬∫“¬ ★★★ ★★★★ §≥ÿ ¿“æ·≈–§«“¡πà“‡™Ë◊Õ∂◊Õ¢ÕߢÕâ ¡≈Ÿ ★★★ ¥§Ÿ ”Õ∏∫‘ “¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¢Õâ ¡Ÿ≈∑¿Ë’ “§ºπ«° 3 MDG+ µ—«™’È«¥— ë Õµ— √“‡¥°Á ™“«‡¢“∑πË’ ”È Àπ—°µË”°«à“‡°≥±å ¢ ë Õ—µ√“°“√¢“¥ “√Õ“À“√∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑ (‰Õ‚Õ¥’π ‡À≈Á° «µ‘ “¡π‘ ‡Õ) „π«—¬‡√’¬π § ë  ¥—  à«πª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ ßŸ °«à“ 20 ªï ∑’ˉ¥√â —∫æ≈—ßß“πÕ“À“√µË”°«“à ‡°≥±å§«“¡µâÕß°“√ («¥— ®“°¥™— π’¡«≈°“¬) °. ‰¡√à «¡°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ¢. MDG+ „À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫‡¥°Á ™“«‡¢“ ´Ë÷ß¡¿’ “«–‚¿™π“°“√µ”Ë °«“à ‡¥Á°∑«—Ë ‰ª ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√¢“¥‚ª√µπ’ ·≈–æ≈ß— ß“π‰¡‡à ªìπªí≠À“√ÿπ·√ß·≈«â ®÷߇æË‘¡‡µ‘¡‡√◊ËÕß°“√¢“¥ “√Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑ÕËπ◊ Ê ‰¥·â °à ‰Õ‚Õ¥π’ ‡À≈°Á ·≈–«µ‘ “¡‘π‡Õ §. √“¬ß“π°”Àπ¥„À¥â ™— π¡’ «≈°“¬„πª√–™“°√°≈à¡ÿ ∑Ë’¡’Õ“¬ÿ 20 ªï¢πÈ÷ ‰ª ‡ªπì µ—«™’È«—¥ MDG+ ‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ¡‘ ®“°‡°≥±‡å  πâ §«“¡¬“°®π¥“â πÕ“À“√ 16

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°“√¢“¥«‘µ“¡‘π‡Õ ∑”„Àâ¡’ªí≠À“¥â“𠓬µ“„π‡«≈“ ®–∫àß™’È ∂“π°“√≥å∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√¢Õߧπ‰∑¬‰¥â °≈“ߧ◊π·≈– Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°“√¡Õ߇ÀÁπ„π∑Ë’ ÿ¥ „πªï 2534 πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’√–∫∫°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß ¡’∑“√°·≈–‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿµË”°«à“À⓪ï∑Ë’¡’Õ“°“√πÈ’ 34 §π„π ¿“«–‚¿™π“°“√„π‡¥Á°∫πæÈ◊π∑’Ë Ÿß¿“§‡ÀπÕ◊ ¿“§µ–«π— Àâ“®—ßÀ«—¥¿“§„µâ ·µà‰¡à¡’√“¬ß“πªí≠À“¥—ß°≈à“«Õ’° ÕÕ°‡©¬’ ߇ÀπÕ◊ ·≈–æπ◊È ∑À’Ë “à ߉°≈ÕπË◊ Ê ‡æÕ◊Ë ®–‰¥ â “¡“√∂„™â π—∫·µàπÈπ— ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ¡“µ√°“√∑‡’Ë À¡“– ¡ ∑π—  ∂“π°“√≥å §π‰∑¬°”≈—ß¡’ª≠í À“‚√§Õâ«π 2. «‘‡§√“–Àåª≠í À“‚¿™π“°“√√ªŸ ·∫∫„À¡à √∞— ∫“≈®– „ÀâÀπ૬ߓπ∑Ë’‡°Ë’¬«¢âÕß√à«¡°—π∑∫∑«π ∂“π°“√≥å ª≠í À“‚¿™π“°“√ ”§—≠„πª®í ®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ ‚√§Õâ«π º≈°“√ ‚¿™π“°“√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“™àÕß«à“ß∑“ß  ”√«®¿“«–Õ“À“√·≈–‚¿™π“°“√„πªï 2538 ™’È«à“ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–ªí≠À“‚¿™π“°“√∑’ˇ°‘¥¢È÷π„À¡à ‡™àπ ¿“«– Àπ÷Ëß„π Ë’¢Õߧπ‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ 20 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª¡’πÈ”Àπ—° Ÿß°«à“ ‚¿™π“°“√‡°π‘ °“√¢“¥ “√Õ“À“√∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑ „π°“√πÈ’ ‡°≥±å ·≈–°“√ ”√«®œ §√—ßÈ ∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 4 °Á· ¥ß«à“ ®”‡ªìπ∑Ë’®–µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°∑ÿ°ΩÉ“¬  —¥ à«π‡¥Á°∑’Ë¡’¿“«–‚¿™π“°“√‡°‘π‡æË‘¡¢÷Èπ®“°√âÕ¬≈– ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬“à ߬‘ßË °√ßÿ ‡∑æ¡À“π§√·≈–‡∑»∫“≈µà“ßÊ 1.7 ‡ªπì 5.4 „π™«à ߪï 2515 ∂ß÷ 2538 ·≈–æ∫ª≠í À“πÈ’ ¡“°‡ªìπ懑 »…„π°≈à¡ÿ ‡¥°Á „π‡¢µ‡¡◊Õß 3. º ¡º “𧫓¡√¥âŸ “â π‚¿™π“°“√„π°“√‡√¬’ π°“√ Õπ ¿“√°®‘ ∑∑Ë’ “â ∑“¬ „π‚√߇√¬’ π·≈–°“√»°÷ …“µ≈Õ¥™«’ µ‘ °“√¬°√–¥∫— ¿“«– ‚¿™π“°“√¢Õ߇¥Á°·≈–§π‰∑¬∑ÿ°°≈àÿ¡Õ“¬ÿ µâÕßÕ“»—¬ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥∫â √√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ MDG „π°“√≈¥§«“¡ ·π«∑“ß·∫∫∫√Ÿ ≥“°“√ °“√„À°â “√»°÷ …“¥“â π‚¿™π“°“√ À«‘ ‚À¬·≈«â Õ¬“à ߉√°¥Á ’ ¬ß— ¡§’ «“¡®”‡ªπì ∑®Ë’ –µÕâ ßµ¥‘ µ“¡ Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß·≈–µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß®–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πå·°à ·π«‚π¡â ·≈–¥”‡ππ‘ ¡“µ√°“√ ”§≠— ‡™πà °“√„À°â “√»°÷ …“ ª√–™“™π∑«—Ë ‰ª ¥“â π‚¿™π“°“√·°ªà √–™“°√∫“ß°≈¡ÿà ∫“ßæπÈ◊ ∑Ë’ ¡“µ√°“√ 4. ¢¬“¬·≈–æ≤— π“ª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ¢Õß‚§√ß°“√Õ“À“√  ”§≠— ‰¥·â °à °≈“ß«π— „π‚√߇√¬’ π ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇥Á°«¬— ‡√’¬π∑ÿ°§π‚¥¬‡©æ“– Õ¬“à ߬ßË‘ ‡¥°Á °≈¡àÿ ‡ ¬’Ë ß‰¥√â ∫—  “√Õ“À“√Õ¬“à ßæՇ欒 ß ·≈– 1. æ—≤π“√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¿“«–‚¿™π“°“√ √«¡∑È—ß√–∫∫ §«√∑∫∑«πª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ¢Õß·ºπß“π‚§√ß°“√∑‡’Ë °¬Ë’ «¢Õâ ß °“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑Ë’§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∑Ë—«ª√–‡∑» ‚¥¬„Àâ ∑ß—È À¡¥¥«â ¬ ¡’ ° “ √  ” √ « ® ¿ “ « – Õ “ À “ √ · ≈ – ‚ ¿ ™ π “ ° “ √ Õ ¬à “ ß  ¡”Ë ‡ ¡Õ ‡æË◊Õ„À≥â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë∑—π ¡—¬·≈–µàÕ‡π◊ËÕßæÕ∑Ë’ 18

ภาคผนวก จ สถติ ิความไมม ั่นคงดา นอาหาร

Tables Table 1. Prevalence of undernourishment and the distance from Millennium Development Goal1 and World Food Summit2 targets in developing countries DEVELOPING WORLD Total population Number of people Proportion Ratio Ratio Region/subregion/country undernourished of undernourished current/baseline current/baseline 1990–92 2000–02 in total population DEVELOPING WORLD (millions) 1990–92 2000–02 prevalence of number of (millions) 1990–92 2000–02 undernourished3 undernourished3 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC* 4058.7 4796.7 (%) Ratio for WFS2 East Asia 823.8 814.6 Ratio for MDG1 China 20 17 target = 0.5 target = 0.5 Dem. People's Rep. of Korea Mongolia 0.8 1.0 Rep. of Korea Southeast Asia 2815.2 3256.1 569.2 519.0 20 16 0.8 0.9 Cambodia 1241.5 1364.5 198.8 151.7 16 11 0.7 0.8 Indonesia 1175.7 1292.5 193.5 142.1 16 11 0.7 0.7 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 18 36 2.0 2.2 Malaysia 20.3 22.4 3.7 8.1 34 28 0.8 0.9 Myanmar 2.3 2.5 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 Philippines 0.8 0.7 –– 0.7 0.8 Thailand 43.3 47.1 78.4 65.5 18 13 0.8 1.0 Viet Nam 444.2 522.8 4.3 4.4 43 33 0.7 0.8 South Asia 16.4 12.6 0.8 1.0 Bangladesh 10.1 13.5 1.2 1.2 96 0.9 1.1 India 185.2 214.3 0.5 0.6 29 22 0.6 0.7 Nepal 4.0 2.8 0.9 1.1 Pakistan 4.2 5.4 16.2 17.2 3– 0.7 0.8 Sri Lanka 18.3 23.5 15.2 12.2 10 6 0.6 0.7 41.2 48.2 20.6 14.7 26 22 0.9 1.0 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 62.5 77.1 291.3 301.1 28 20 0.9 1.1 North America 55.1 61.6 39.2 42.5 31 19 0.9 1.0 Mexico 67.5 79.2 215.8 221.1 26 22 0.8 1.0 Central America 1125.3 1363.3 3.9 4.0 35 30 0.8 1.1 Costa Rica 112.1 140.9 27.7 29.3 25 21 0.8 0.9 El Salvador 863.3 1033.3 4.8 4.1 20 17 Guatemala 19.1 24.1 24 20 Honduras 113.7 146.3 28 22 Nicaragua 17.0 18.8 Panama Caribbean 443.4 521.2 59.5 52.9 13 10 0.8 0.9 Cuba 84.8 100.5 4.6 5.2 55 1.0 1.1 Dominican Rep. 84.8 100.5 4.6 5.2 55 1.0 1.1 Haiti 28.8 5.0 7.4 1.2 1.5 Jamaica 3.2 36.9 0.2 0.2 17 20 0.7 0.9 Trinidad and Tobago 5.2 4.0 0.6 0.7 64 0.9 1.1 South America 9.0 6.3 1.4 2.8 1.5 2.0 Argentina 5.0 1.1 1.5 12 11 1.0 1.3 Bolivia 3.9 11.7 1.2 1.4 16 24 0.9 1.2 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 2.5 6.6 0.5 0.8 23 22 1.3 1.5 Brazil 28.5 5.2 7.8 6.7 30 27 0.8 0.9 Chile 10.7 3.0 0.8 0.4 21 26 0.4 0.4 Colombia 7.2 1.9 2.1 27 21 0.9 1.1 Ecuador 7.0 31.7 4.6 3.8 0.7 0.8 Guyana 2.4 11.2 0.3 0.3 83 0.7 0.8 Paraguay 1.2 0.2 0.2 27 25 0.9 1.0 Peru 8.5 65 47 0.7 0.8 Suriname 301.3 8.1 42.0 33.6 14 10 0.8 0.9 Uruguay 33.0 2.6 0.7 0.6 13 12 0.8 0.9 6.8 1.3 1.9 1.8 14 10 1.5 1.9 20.0 352.2 2.3 4.3 0.7 0.8 37.5 –– 0.5 0.6 151.2 8.5 18.5 15.6 28 21 0.8 0.9 13.3 24.8 1.1 0.6 11 17 0.5 0.7 35.7 174.0 6.1 5.7 12 9 0.5 0.5 10.5 15.4 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 42.8 0.2 0.1 84 0.3 0.4 4.3 12.6 0.8 0.8 17 13 0.8 0.8 22.2 0.8 9.3 3.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 5.6 0.1 0.0 84 3.1 26.4 0.2 0.1 21 9 0.4 18 14 3.4 42 13 13 11 64 (continued) 30 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005

Table 1. Prevalence of undernourishment and the distance from Millennium Development Goal1 and World Food Summit2 targets in developing countries DEVELOPING WORLD Total population Number of people Proportion Ratio Ratio Region/subregion/country undernourished of undernourished current/baseline current/baseline 1990–92 2000–02 in total population NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA* (millions) 1990–92 2000–02 prevalence of number of Near East* (millions) 1990–92 2000–02 undernourished3 undernourished3 Islamic Rep. of Iran 322.8 399.4 (%) Ratio for WFS2 Jordan 202.5 255.0 24.8 39.2 Ratio for MDG1 Kuwait 19.4 33.1 8 10 target = 0.5 target = 0.5 Lebanon 58.0 67.3 10 13 Saudi Arabia 3.4 5.2 2.1 2.7 1.3 1.6 Syrian Arab Rep. 2.1 2.3 0.1 0.4 44 1.4 1.7 Turkey 2.8 3.5 0.5 0.1 47 1.1 1.3 United Arab Emirates 0.1 0.1 23 5 1.9 2.9 Yemen 17.1 22.8 0.7 0.8 –3 0.2 0.3 North Africa 13.1 17.0 0.7 0.6 43 1.2 1.5 Algeria 58.7 69.3 1.0 1.8 54 0.8 1.1 Egypt 0.1 0.1 –3 0.7 1.0 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 2.1 2.9 4.2 6.7 4– 1.6 1.9 Morocco 12.5 18.7 5.4 6.1 34 36 0.5 0.6 Tunisia 120.4 144.4 1.3 1.7 44 1.1 1.6 25.6 30.8 2.5 2.4 55 1.0 1.1 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA* 57.0 69.1 0.0 0.0 43 1.0 1.2 Central Africa 1.5 2.0 –– 0.8 1.0 Cameroon 4.4 5.3 0.1 0.1 67 1.2 1.4 Central African Rep. 25.0 29.6 –– 1.1 1.3 Chad 0.9 1.0 Congo 8.4 9.6 Dem. Republic of the Congo Gabon 477.3 620.0 170.4 203.5 36 33 0.9 1.2 East Africa* 63.4 82.0 22.7 45.2 36 55 1.5 2.0 Burundi 12.0 15.4 4.0 3.9 33 25 0.8 1.0 Eritrea** 3.0 3.8 1.5 1.6 50 43 0.9 1.1 Ethiopia** 6.0 8.1 3.5 2.7 58 34 0.6 0.8 Kenya 2.6 3.5 1.4 1.3 54 37 0.7 1.0 Rwanda 38.8 49.9 12.2 35.5 32 71 2.3 2.9 Sudan 1.0 1.3 0.1 0.1 10 6 0.7 0.8 Uganda 76.4 86.2 46 40 0.9 1.1 United Rep. of Tanzania 167.8 217.7 2.7 4.4 48 68 1.4 1.6 Southern Africa 5.7 6.4 na 2.8 na 73 na na Angola na 3.9 na 31.3 na 46 na na Botswana na 10.7 10.3 44 33 0.8 1.0 Lesotho 67.3 2.8 3.0 44 37 0.9 1.1 Madagascar 24.4 31.1 8.0 8.5 32 27 0.8 1.1 Malawi 6.4 4.2 4.6 24 19 0.8 1.1 Mauritius 8.0 9.9 15.6 37 44 1.2 1.6 Mozambique 25.5 32.2 34.1 35.7 48 40 0.8 1.1 Zimbabwe 17.9 24.2 5.6 5.1 58 40 0.7 0.9 Namibia 27.0 35.6 0.3 0.6 23 32 1.4 1.7 Swaziland 71.0 90.1 0.3 0.2 17 12 0.7 0.8 Zambia 12.8 4.3 6.0 35 37 1.1 1.4 9.6 4.8 3.8 50 33 0.7 0.8 WEST AFRICA 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.0 Benin 1.6 1.8 9.2 8.5 66 0.7 0.9 Burkina Faso 12.3 16.4 4.9 5.6 66 47 1.0 1.1 Côte d'Ivoire 9.6 11.6 0.5 0.4 45 44 0.6 0.9 Gambia 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.2 35 22 1.4 1.6 13.9 18.2 4.0 5.2 14 19 1.0 1.3 10.7 12.7 48 49 1.5 1.9 0.9 1.1 8.4 10.6 175.1 230.3 37.2 36.4 21 16 0.7 1.0 4.8 6.4 1.0 0.9 20 15 0.7 1.0 9.2 1.9 2.3 21 19 0.9 1.2 12.3 2.3 2.2 18 14 0.8 1.0 12.9 16.1 0.2 0.4 22 27 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.4 (continued) The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005 31

Tables Table 1. Prevalence of undernourishment and the distance from Millennium Development Goal1 and World Food Summit2 targets in developing countries DEVELOPING WORLD Total population Number of people Proportion Ratio Ratio Region/subregion/country undernourished of undernourished current/baseline current/baseline 1990–92 2000–02 in total population Ghana (millions) 1990–92 2000–02 prevalence of number of Guinea (millions) 1990–92 2000–02 undernourished3 undernourished3 Liberia 15.7 20.0 (%) Ratio for WFS2 Mali 6.4 8.2 5.8 2.5 Ratio for MDG1 Mauritania 2.1 3.1 2.5 2.1 37 13 target = 0.5 target = 0.5 Niger 9.3 12.3 0.7 1.4 39 26 Nigeria 2.1 2.7 2.7 3.6 34 46 0.3 0.4 Senegal 7.9 11.1 0.3 0.3 29 29 Sierra Leone 3.2 3.8 15 10 0.7 0.9 Togo 88.7 117.8 11.8 11.0 41 34 7.5 9.6 1.8 2.3 13 9 1.3 2.0 4.1 4.6 1.9 2.3 23 24 3.5 4.7 1.2 1.2 46 50 1.0 1.3 33 26 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.0 NOTES * Although not listed separately, provisional estimates for Afghanistan, Iraq, Countries revise their official statistics regularly for the past as well as the Papua New Guinea and Somalia have been included in the relevant regional present. The same holds for population data of the United Nations. aggregates. Whenever this happens, FAO revises its estimates of undernourishment ** Eritrea and Ethiopia were not separate entities in 1990–92, but estimates accordingly. Therefore users are advised to refer to changes of estimates of the number and proportion of undernourished in the former People's over time only within the same The State of Food Insecurity in the World Democratic Republic of Ethiopia are included in regional and subregional publication and refrain from comparing the data published in editions for aggregates for that period. different years. KEY Table does not list countries for which there were insufficient data. – proportion less than 2.5% undernourished na data not available 1 Millenium Development Goal 1, target 2: halve, between 1990 and 2015, 0.0 zero or less than half the unit shown the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. 2 World Food Summit goal: halve, between 1990–92 and 2015, the number of SOURCES undernourished people. Total population: UN Population Prospects, 2002 revision. 3 Current refers to 2000–02 estimates and baseline refers to 1990–92 Undernourishment: FAO estimates. estimates. 32 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005

Table 2. Selected indicators of the Millennium Development Goals in developing countries, classified by category of prevalence of undernourishment CATEGORY OF Proportion Prevalence of Net enrolment Ratio of Under-five Maternal Proportion PREVALENCE OF of population underweight rate in girls to boys mortality rate mortality ratio of land area UNDERNOURISHMENT below US$1 children under primary in primary (per 100 000 covered by in total population 2000–02 PPP per day five years of age (per 1 000 education education live births) live births) forest Country MDG 1 MDG 4 MDG 6 MDG 9 MDG 16 MDG 25 MDG 13 1990 2004 1990 2004 1990 2002 1990 2002 1990 2000 1990 2000 (%) (%) (%) 1990 2003 (%) 1.04 1.00 LESS THAN 2.5% UNDERNOURISHED 0.94 1.00 1.00 1.00 Argentina 2 3 na 5 94 na 1.01 1.00 28 20 100 82 14 13 na na 5 96 na 0.89 0.96 42 16 220 97 00 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya na 25 12 94 93 0.97 0.97 21 7 2 na na 100 100 80 41 66 59 Malaysia 2 2 10 4 94 97 95 130 20 64 63 2 na 7 99 83 52 24 170 120 Rep. of Korea na na 14 8 33 26 54 34 Tunisia 2 United Arab Emirates na 2.5 TO 4% UNDERNOURISHED 62 21 88 86 0.98 0.98 19 9 65 31 21 21 Chile 52 35 87 90 0.99 0.98 17 10 55 43 42 39 Costa Rica na na na 4 92 93 0.97 0.96 13 8 95 33 19 21 Cuba 2 18 17 12 98 100 0.99 1.00 57 27 150 130 43 38 Ecuador 43 10 9 84 91 0.83 0.95 104 39 170 84 Egypt 22 na 11 92 86 0.90 0.97 72 39 120 76 00 Islamic Rep. of Iran na na na 3 78 91 0.96 0.97 37 31 300 150 44 Lebanon na na na 14 59 54 0.86 0.96 44 26 130 23 44 Saudi Arabia na na 12 7 92 98 0.90 0.95 44 18 180 160 11 Syrian Arab Rep. 22 10 8 90 86 0.92 0.93 78 39 180 70 33 Turkey 22 6 na 92 90 0.99 0.98 24 14 85 27 13 13 Uruguay 57 5 TO 9% UNDERNOURISHED 22 96 93 95 0.85 0.93 69 41 160 140 11 Algeria 14 8 76 86 97 0.94 0.95 60 35 220 260 67 64 Brazil na na na 12 86 78* 0.98 0.99 92 91 500 420 85 85 Gabon 18 14 89 99 0.98 0.98 90 69 na 170 81 79 Guyana 83 40 26 97 92 0.98 0.98 91 41 650 230 65 58 Indonesia 17 8 64 94 92 1.01 1.01 40 28 150 Jordan 11 2 49 83 0.95 1.00 16 9 41 11 Kuwait 22 24 15 95 97 1.00 1.01 25 18 29 5 00 Mauritius na na 17 8 99 99 0.98 0.99 46 28 120 88 Mexico na na 12 9 57 90 0.69 0.90 85 39 110 24 32 29 Morocco 32 35 98 84 0.95 1.01 130 107 610 83 77 Myanmar 8 10 35 29 60 67 0.78 0.81 235 198 580 220 60 52 Nigeria 22 1 000 360 19 15 na na 800 66 70 10 TO 19% UNDERNOURISHED na na 35 23 45 58* 0.50 0.72 185 154 990 850 30 24 Benin 3 14 8 4 88 91 1.03 0.98 27 21 120 96 59 56 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 45 26 36 0.63 0.74 930 1 000 26 26 Burkina Faso 63 17** 33 38 97** na 0.93** 1.00** 210 207 16 18 China 33** 17** 10** 68 87 1.15 0.99 49** 37** 95** 56** 50 48 Colombia 8 10 46 61 0.71 0.80 36 21 100 130 31 22 Côte d'Ivoire 2 11 12 7 73 90 1.01 0.95 810 690 El Salvador 10 31 15 21 52 63 0.83 0.95 157 192 300 150 96 Ghana 21 45 30 10 96 95 0.99 0.99 60 36 740 540 33 28 Jamaica 18 22 73 86 1.21 1.01 120 87 35 30 Lesotho 2 7 35 68 0.73 0.97 125 95 610 550 Mauritania 8 36 16 4 81 70* 0.61 0.89 20 20 930 1 000 00 Nepal 30 26 48 18 93 89 0.97 0.96 1 500 740 00 Paraguay 47 39 na 32 88 100 0.97 1.00 120 84 160 170 33 27 Peru na 16 48 78 97 1.00 0.98 183 183 280 410 62 59 Suriname 18 4 77 75 0.98 0.93 145 82 na 110 53 51 Swaziland 5 na 11 5 560 370 90 90 2 na na 7 37 29 27 30 na na 13 80 34 8 10 48 39 (continued) 110 153 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005 33

Tables Table 2. Selected indicators of the Millennium Development Goals in developing countries, classified by category of prevalence of undernourishment CATEGORY OF Proportion Prevalence of Net enrolment Ratio of Under-five Maternal Proportion PREVALENCE OF of population underweight rate in girls to boys mortality rate mortality ratio of land area UNDERNOURISHMENT below US$1 children under primary in primary (per 100 000 covered by in total population 2000–02 PPP per day five years of age (per 1 000 education education live births) live births) forest Country MDG 1 MDG 4 MDG 6 MDG 9 MDG 16 MDG 25 MDG 13 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 2004 1990 2004 1990 2002 1990 2002 1990 2000 1990 2000 Uganda (%) (%) (%) 1990 2003 (%) Viet Nam 0.99 0.97 4 na 76 91 91 0.80 0.98 24 20 90 160 55 50 88 85 23 23 53 na 0.93 0.93 160 140 1 200 880 15 2 45 33 91 94* 130 26 21 53 23 160 29 30 20 TO 34% UNDERNOURISHED 36 36 66 52 71 84 0.86 1.04 144 69 850 380 9 10 Bangladesh 6 14 11 8 91 95 0.91 0.99 120 66 650 420 50 49 Bolivia na 13 85 81 1.08 1.00 250 100 24 22 Botswana 31 na na 45 67 93 0.81 0.90 58 112 900 450 56 53 Cambodia na 34 15 21 74 na 0.86 0.85 115 140 550 730 56 51 Cameroon na 17 35 28 37 63 0.45 0.64 139 166 1 500 1 100 11 10 Chad na na 10 5 58 96 1.02 1.02 203 200 110 150 28 28 Dominican Rep. na 17 48 79 0.68 0.98 1 100 540 44 48 Gambia 42 33 23 64 87 0.88 0.93 65 35 200 240 31 26 Guatemala 54 na na 23 26 65 0.47 0.77 154 123 1 600 740 30 28 Guinea 35 16 18 17 90 87* 1.05 1.02* 220 110 53 48 Honduras na na 64 47 na 88 0.76 0.94 82 47 570 540 21 22 India 38 21 23 20 74 66 0.95 0.94 240 160 650 1 000 32 30 Kenya 42 35 44 40 63 85 0.79 0.87 650 650 57 54 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 34 23 28 22 50 na 0.83 0.96 59 41 560 1 800 35 27 Malawi 31 33 20 44 0.60 0.76 123 87 1 200 1 200 12 11 Mali 8 26 12 13 90 79 1.02 1.02 Mongolia na 42 26 24 83 78 1.09 1.01 97 123 65 110 77 Namibia 16 na 11 10 72 85 1.06 0.99 163 91 370 300 11 10 Nicaragua na 27 43 40 24 38 0.58 0.69 241 178 160 230 37 27 Niger 35 na 40 38 35 59* 250 220 1 200 1 600 Pakistan 48 45 92 100 na 0.71 104 68 340 500 21 Panama 42 61 67 97 94 0.96 0.97 43 Philippines 48 13 34 31 47 58 0.99 0.99 86 65 55 160 46 39 Senegal 12 7 22 23 90 na 0.73 0.92 68 38 280 200 22 19 Sri Lanka 20 15 37 29 43 46* 0.96 0.99 320 262 1 200 690 35 32 Sudan 45 22 34 41 76 85 0.77 0.87 130 103 140 92 35 30 Thailand 25 18 75 91 0.96 0.96 34 24 660 590 30 26 Togo 48 25 25 0.66 0.83 63 36 200 44 31 29 na na 148 137 640 570 13 9 18 2 32 15 na na 120 93 40 26 152 140 35% OR MORE UNDERNOURISHED na na 20 31 58 61* 0.92 0.86* 260 260 1 500 1 700 57 56 Angola 45 55 38 45 53 57 0.84 0.81 190 190 1 300 1 000 94 Burundi 67 na na 24 54 na 0.63 0.68 180 180 Central African Rep. na na 24 14 79 54 0.90 0.93 110 108 700 1 100 37 37 Congo na na na 21 na na 890 510 65 65 Dem. People's Rep. of Korea na na na 31 55 na na na 55 55 68 68 Dem. Rep. of the Congo na na 41 40 16 45 0.75 0.90* 205 205 70 67 62 60 Eritrea na 23 48 47 23 47 0.94 0.81 147 85 870 990 14 13 Ethiopia na na 27 17 22 na 0.66 0.73 204 169 1 400 630 Haiti na na na 27 na 70* 0.94 na 150 118 1 400 850 54 Liberia 46 61 41 33 65 79 235 235 1 000 680 63 Madagascar na 38 na 24 45 55 na 0.73* 168 126 560 760 38 31 Mozambique na 52 29 27 67 87 0.98 0.96 235 158 490 550 22 20 Rwanda 57 na 29 27 41 na 0.76 0.81 173 203 1 500 1 000 40 39 Sierra Leone 49 na 29 29 50 69 0.98 1.00 302 284 1 300 1 400 19 12 United Rep. of Tanzania 16 30 46 52 72 0.69 0.70* 163 165 1 800 2 000 20 15 Yemen 4 64 25 28 79 68 0.98 0.97 142 113 770 1 500 45 44 Zambia 65 56 12 13 86 80 0.35 0.69 180 182 1 400 570 11 Zimbabwe 33 0.91 0.93 940 750 53 42 0.99 0.98 80 126 570 1 100 57 49 (continued) 34 The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005

Table 2 . Selected indicators of the Millennium Development Goals in developing countries, classified by category of prevalence of undernourishment NOTES Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births): Maternal death refers to * Refers to a previous year. the death of woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of ** Figures refer only to Mainland China. Other figures include data for pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any Mainland China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Macao cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not Special Administrative Region of China and Taiwan Province of China. from accidental causes. Data are from different surveys and hence may reflect different methodologies. The margin of uncertainty associated with Proportion of population below US$1 purchasing power parity (PPP) per the estimated maternal mortality ratios is very large, and the estimates day (poverty headcount ratio at US$1 a day [PPP]): The proportion of people should not, therefore, be used to monitor trends in the short term. In below US$1 a day is the percentage of the population with average addition, cross-country comparisons should be treated with considerable consumption expenditures less than US$1.08 a day measured in 1993 prices circumspection because different strategies are used to derive the converted using PPP rates. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, estimates for different countries, making it difficult to draw comparisons. poverty rates cannot be compared with poverty rates reported previously for individual countries. All 2% headcount estimates indicate that actual Proportion of land area covered by forest: Forest area is land under natural values are less than or equal to 2% and should be treated with caution. or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Dates of the surveys vary. For each country, data were included for the year closest to 1990 from the decade 1985–94 and for the most recent year from KEY the decade 1995–2004, with at least a period of five years between the na data not available surveys. SOURCES Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age: This is the Data from the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) MDG online proportion of children under the age of five whose weight is less than that of database have been complemented with more recent data from primary two standard deviations below the median weight-for-age for the sources, where available. international reference population aged 0 to 59 months, as adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). It refers to moderately or severely Proportion of population below US$1 purchasing power parity (PPP) per underweight. Dates of the surveys vary. For each country, data were day: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005. included for the year closest to 1990 from the decade 1985–94 and for the most recent year from the decade 1995–2004, with at least a period of five Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age: United Nations years between the surveys. Some surveys may refer to different age groups. Children's Fund (UNICEF) online database; WHO online database; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005. Net enrolment rate in primary education: Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of the number of children of official school age (as defined by the national Net enrolment rate in primary education: 1990 data from the United Nations education system) who are enrolled in school to the population of the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), as cited in the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with UNSD MDG online database; most recent data from UNESCO online database. basic reading, writing and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, Ratio of girls to boys in primary education: 1990 data from UNESCO, as social science, art and music. cited in the UNSD MDG online database; most recent data from UNESCO online database. Some data are UNESCO Institute for Statistics or national Ratio of girls to boys in primary education: Primary education includes both estimates. public and private schools. The ratio of girls to boys is calculated as the gross enrolment ratio (GER) of girls divided by the GER of boys. GER refers Under-five mortality rate: UNICEF online database. to enrolment at a given level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the theoretical school-age group Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births): 1990 data from WHO, corresponding to this level of education. UNICEF, the United Nations Population Fund, as cited in the UNSD MDG online database; most recent data from UNICEF online database. Under-five mortality rate: probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, assuming current age-specific mortality rates. Data are Proportion of land area covered by forest: FAO, Global Forest Resources from different surveys and hence may reflect different methodologies. Assessment 2000. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005 35













Food and Agriculture Economic a Organization of the United Nations The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the e concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concernin

and Social Development Department expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO TThheeSSttaatteeooff ng the delimitation of frontiers. FFoooodd IInnsseeccuurriittyy iinn tthhee WWoorrlldd 6

















Food and Agriculture Economic a Organization of the United Nations The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the e concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concernin

and Social Development Department expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO TThheeSSttaatteeooff ng the delimitation of frontiers. FFoooodd IInnsseeccuurriittyy iinn tthhee WWoorrlldd 6