["l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng an l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t. N\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. C\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng - \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c; gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. b) Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau nh\u01b0: \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh\\\", \\\"Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00fa binh c\u01b0\u1eddng\\\", \\\"Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c\\\", \\\"Vua t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, anh em h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c\\\" th\u00ec gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc, v.v.. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngay trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ebft \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1ea5y\\\". Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi giai t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec d\u00f9 \\\"\u0111\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfm tr\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\"27. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau: \\\"\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00eau cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n coi kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u01a1i l\u1ecfng. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \\\"Th\u1ef1c t\u00fac th\u00ec binh c\u01b0\u1eddng... chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn thi \u0111ua gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i thi \u0111ua t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf. Cho r\u1eb1ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin coi chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 Ph.\u0102ngghen \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ch\u1ed1ng \u0110uyrinh r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngay qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i L\u00eanin c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng trong c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn lu\u00f4n coi tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, g\u1ed3m qu\u00e2n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n; trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"ng\u1ee5 binh \u01b0 n\u00f4ng\\\", g\u1eafn kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eeba canh ph\u00f2ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u0169 trang qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00ednh quy, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta coi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi an ninh. Khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cQu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\\\" v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i \\\"\u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft\\\"28. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12 kh\u00f3a II (3-1957) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cPh\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng... t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d29 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eadu b\u1ecb m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eadp tan m\u1ecdi \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang; chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y t\u1ebf, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao... V\u0103n h\u00f3a - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \\\"x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, phong ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gay go, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1... Ch\u00fang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i an ninh h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00f9 trong. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi an ninh. An ninh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c r\u0103n \u0111e c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c) Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a trang b\u1ecb, v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00fang sau\u201d. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. d) Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng li\u00ean minh Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb th\u00f9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cl\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c\\\"30. Ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u201cmu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u00fap cho, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3\\\"31 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u201cgi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh\u201d. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, do c\u00f9ng chung c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chung k\u1ebb th\u00f9, n\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean minh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u Vi\u1ec7t - Mi\u00ean - L\u00e0o trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. Kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean minh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em kh\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. * *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ba n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Hai l\u00e0, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00ean qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ba l\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","v\u1edbi an ninh - v\u00ec th\u1ebf, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho qu\u1ed1c gia - d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tr\u1ea3i qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ea5y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi hai chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1eaby l\u1eebng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i: th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 \\\"b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d,\u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 an ninh l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. ________________ Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.8, tr.180. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","2. H\u00eanri Navare: \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, Nxb. C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2004. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.281. 4. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.173. 5. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.368. 6. Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t th\u1ee9 hai sau Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110o\u1ea1t s\u00e1o Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea7m H\u1ed3 H\u00e0m T\u1eed quan. Th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh tu tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c,v\u1ea1n c\u1ed5 th\u1eed giang san\\\". 7. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, tr.79. 8. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d. t.II, tr.237. 9. Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr.158. 10. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, tr.73. 11. Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, S\u0111d, tr.184. 12. U\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean: \u0110\u1ea3o di ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1eabn theo H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n, Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb T\u00e2m: Cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebbng cho ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean - M\u00f4ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1975, tr.26-28. 13. Cao H\u00f9ng Tr\u01b0ng: An Nam ch\u00ed nguy\u00ean, Tl\u0111d, tr.95. 14. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa: L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed, Nxb.S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1960, t.I, tr.33. 15. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa: L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed, S\u0111d, t.I, tr.33. 16. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, Nxb.Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1967, t.I, tr.257. 17. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa: L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ed, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992, t.III, tr.5. 18. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, t.II, tr.79. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","19. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, t.II, tr.462. 20. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, t.I, tr.257. 21. Di ch\u00fac n\u0103m 1300 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n. 22. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, t.II, tr.201. 23. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, t.II, tr.88. 24. Long th\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt s\u1eed. D\u1eabn theo Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Ph\u1ee5ng: T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1975, tr.175. 25. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.4. 26. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.I, tr.296. 27. V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, S\u0111d, t.3, tr.15. 28. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.551. 29. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.18, tr.286-287. 30. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.515. 31. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.2, tr.293. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V \u00a0 \u00a0 T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG L\u1ef0C L\u01af\u1ee2NG V\u0168 TRANG\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I- X\u00c1C \u0110\u1ecaNH VAI TR\u00d2 L\u1ef0C L\u01af\u1ee2NG V\u0168 TRANG TRONG TI\u1ebeN TR\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH GI\u1ea2I PH\u00d3NG D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C V\u00c0 B\u1ea2O V\u1ec6 T\u1ed4 QU\u1ed0C \u00a0 Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nay, tr\u1ea3i qua 2.300 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m v\u0169 kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 t\u1edbi 12 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to l\u1edbn, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u00e0i ba v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n phong ph\u00fa trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Theo nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \\\"gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0o s\u00e1t c\u00f5i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng sai m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng, ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0o s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1ngi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u01a1 m\u01b0u trong https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t\\\"1, n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u L\u1ea1c b\u1ecb th\u00f4n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Nam Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 (179 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y, b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 10 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Vua L\u00fd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n r\u1eb1ng: \\\"N\u00ean s\u1eeda sang v\u00f5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd\\\"2. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \\\"\u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\\\" v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Binh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n\\\"3. Khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Minh, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh: \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n v\u0103n v\u00f5, tr\u0103m quan c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y ch\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00f4ng trang, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n qu\u00e2n ng\u0169, s\u1eeda sang chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5, thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8\\\"4. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Quan duy\u1ec7t th\u1ee7y tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"Y\u00ean r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec7n binh nhung\\\"5. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (7-1460), trong s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 g\u1eedi cho 5 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7, tr\u1ea5n, L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"C\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00f5 b\u1ecb\\\"6. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vua l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i: \\\"Ch\u0103m lo h\u1ecfi han vi\u1ec7c v\u00f5 b\u1ecb, coi tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n\\\" (B\u00e0i th\u01a1 ng\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf: \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m vua)7. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, su\u1ed1t 38 n\u0103m tr\u1ecb v\u00ec, L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu 37 ch\u1ec9, d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 28 ch\u1ec9, d\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n, Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt (Lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c) c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m 48 \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, d\u1ecdc theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi trung \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo hai n\u1ed9i dung: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh quy; hai l\u00e0, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Ti\u1ebfp thu di s\u1ea3n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh phong ph\u00fa trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1927, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh ra \u0111\u1eddi, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t san L\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh. B\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t san L\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"C\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn \u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, theo v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, mu\u1ed1n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c; b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 h\u00e0 hi\u1ebfp m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh cho b\u1ecdn giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf \u0111i, h\u1ebft n\u1ecdc \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\"8. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1930), Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng do Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \\\"T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng\\\". M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang - m\u1ed9t trong hai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1) c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n k\u00edp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (10-1930) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\\\"9 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 do \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Sau khi \u0110\u1ea3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft s\u00f3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong t\u1eebng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0111i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"h\u1eefu khuynh\\\" \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"t\u1ea3 khuynh\\\" cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua v\u0169 kh\u00ed trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1930, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c vi\u1ebft B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eedi Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ba quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, \\\"t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u1edf th\u00f4n x\u00e3\\\"9. Th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7. Th\u1ee9 ba, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. G\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m\\\". V\u1ec1 sau, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng: \\\"D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00fang th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\\\"10. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ebf \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n xung y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u1ed5 ra th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn trong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ecth\u1ebf m\u00e0 ngay sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9n https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","b\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u, C\u1ee5c Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ph\u00f2ng Qu\u00e2n gi\u1edbi (9-1945). Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12 (3- 1957), \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \\\"T\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a\\\"11. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 soi s\u00e1ng cho th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n soi s\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau n\u00e0y trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c -L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V.I.L\u00eanin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n. T\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n X\u00f4vi\u1ebft (28-1-1918) v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng (11-2- 1918). Khi k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa L\u00eanin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: Mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdn c\u00e1 m\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n... C\u00f3 H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch. \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung b\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2u https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","x\u00e9, x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng: Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \\\"b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng\\\", t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng xem b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \\\"s\u00fang \u0111\u1ebb ra ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n\\\", \\\"s\u00fang \u0111\u1ebb ra h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y\\\"; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xem nh\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. \u00a0 II- V\u0168 TRANG TO\u00c0N D\u00c2N, X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N L\u1ef0C L\u01af\u1ee2NG V\u0168 TRANG T\u1eea NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N \u00a0 \u00a0 V\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft quy t\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m lo cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c to l\u1edbn, https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u0169 trang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, d\u00e2n \u00c2u L\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \\\"c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ea5n ki\u1ec7t l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ban \u0111\u00eam ra \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n T\u1ea7n\\\"13. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1c d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 binh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y binh, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh C\u1ed5 Loa v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \\\"n\u1ecf Li\u00ean Ch\u00e2u\\\" b\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110inh, Ti\u1ec1n L\u00ea, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh \\\"gia binh\\\", nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \\\"ngh\u0129a d\u0169ng\\\". \u0110inh Ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n l\u00ednh. Nh\u00e0 \u0110inh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o, \\\"m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1o 10 qu\u00e2n, 1 qu\u00e2n 10 l\u1eef, 1 l\u1eef 10 t\u1ed1t, 1 t\u1ed1t 10 ng\u0169, 1 ng\u0169 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\"14, t\u00ednh ra qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \\\"bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1\\\", t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1i ng\u0169, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u00ean trong s\u1ed5, khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi ra l\u00e0m l\u00ednh, h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, qu\u00e2n Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u0169 trang cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. Th\u1eddi L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang tinh g\u1ecdn n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"ng\u1ee5 binh \u01b0 n\u00f4ng\\\". N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"Ng\u1ee5 binh \u01b0 n\u00f4ng\\\" g\u1ed3m hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 binh d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111inh tr\u00e1ng; hai l\u00e0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh chia phi\u00ean https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1i ng\u0169 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c (qu\u00e2n canh g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c l\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean; theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 canh ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 t\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp s\u1ed5 h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea d\u00e2n \u0111inh \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0110inh, Ti\u1ec1n L\u00ea. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp s\u1ed5 h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch, k\u00ea khai s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chia th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng (th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111inh nam t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng; t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn 20 tu\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng nam, tr\u00ean 20 tu\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng nam. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111inh trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n \u0111inh nh\u1eadp ng\u0169. Trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111inh tr\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh sung v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 canh ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. S\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, khi c\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfu s\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"ng\u1ee5 binh \u01b0 n\u00f4ng\\\" v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n \u0111inh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n v\u1eeba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u1eefa c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n binh (h\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, th\u1ed5 binh) h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh y\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 10 v\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u00fac tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 - 30 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \\\"nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0 binh n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c d\u1eef\\\"15. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf Lam S\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \\\"\u0111em qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 an d\u00e2n\\\". \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n: \u201cGi\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eady l\u00e0m c\u1edd, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng manh l\u1ec7\\\"16. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Lam S\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \\\"V\u1ed7 nu\u00f4i s\u0129 t\u1ed1t, v\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, thu d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i\\\"17. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia, kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u0169 trang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, gia nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Khi bi\u1ebft tin L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, \\\"h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00e1c bi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda qu\u00e2n nguy\u1ec7n ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh gi\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i\\\"18. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia qu\u00e2n b\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nay th\u00ec binh ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a g\u1ea7n hai v\u1ea1n, qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 tinh tr\u00e1ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u1edf Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u, T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 Giao Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ea1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec th\u1ea7y b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, m\u00e0 nay th\u00ec k\u1ebb s\u0129 m\u01b0u tr\u00ed t\u00e0i th\u1ee9c theo v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec r\u1eebng c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, r\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edt nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi tay kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 nay th\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn ng\u1ea5t m\u00e2y, \u00e1o gi\u00e1p r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7y kho\\\"19. Ch\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb \\\"b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng manh l\u1ec7\\\", t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o, qua chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Minh, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1eddi L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Minh, c\u00e1c vua tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m: qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n ri\u00eang. Tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","s\u00e1ch \\\"ng\u1ee5 binh \u01b0 n\u00f4ng\\\", nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ly s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c chia phi\u00ean qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 quy c\u1ee7 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m phi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i, b\u1ed1n phi\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng\\\"20. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, t\u00e1ch h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng binh. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i chia phi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ng\u0169 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u1eeba d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh ph\u00ed nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea d\u00e2n \u0111inh v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m k\u00ea r\u00f5 \u1edf s\u1ed5 h\u1ed9 ba n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy\u1ec7t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfu s\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi ra th\u00ec h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n, h\u00e0ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ra, tr\u0103m h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 binh. Do nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, quy ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, qua \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng \u0111inh tr\u00e1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, su\u1ed1t 38 n\u0103m tr\u1ecb v\u00ec, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 10 l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn \u0111inh tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, thay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec3n binh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"Ph\u00e9p tuy\u1ec3n binh \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng chu \u0111\u00e1o. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111inh kh\u00f4ng ai s\u00f3t t\u00ean trong s\u1ed5 m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00ec k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1. Ba n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00e2n c\u0169ng y\u00ean l\u00f2ng\\\"21. Do c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c \\\"k\u00e9n qu\u00e2n\\\", n\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u0169 trang v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00f3c l\u00faa c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0169 trang g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ngh\u00e8o (n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng) tham gia, t\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00f4 s\u01a1 (g\u1eady g\u1ed9c, g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o...). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed, B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"t\u1eadn su\u1ea5t vi binh\\\" (to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n). Theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nam gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn 60 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n22. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i d\u1eady h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i gia nh\u1eadp ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 khi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Quang Trung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Thanh, l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0i v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tham gia, n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p - Bi\u1ec7n S\u01a1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"t\u1eadn su\u1ea5t vi binh\\\", d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ecfi, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 hai t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n, Tr\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eadp tan hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Thanh \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \\\"t\u1eadn d\u00e2n vi binh\\\", \\\"t\u1eadn su\u1ea5t vi binh\\\" \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 v\u0169 trang qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1 ra h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng\\\"23, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u00c1n ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng (10-1930) ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"thanh ni\u00ean v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i\\\", t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \\\"nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n v\u00f5 b\u1ecb cho qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea\\\"24. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (3-1935) ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb v\u0169 trang qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c du k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00f5 trang b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f5 trang gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (5-1941), \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f5 trang d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Do t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e1m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 \\\"\u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\\\" v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i: \\\"Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n v\u0169 trang, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. N\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngay, sao cho \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p - Nh\u1eadt th\u00ec ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e1c s\u00fang? Ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e1c s\u00fang th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\"25. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tham gia c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c; t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, m\u1edf \\\"con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\\\". Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang (ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch t\u1eadp trung) ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1944, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, sau ng\u00e0y Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p, Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n (5-1945). \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang song song v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c \u0111o\u00e0n (9-1945), r\u1ed3i Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam (5-1946) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (5-1951). Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m lo, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0169 trang, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ly s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\\\"26. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, du k\u00edch r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, du k\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, r\u1ed9ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","kh\u1eafp v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u binh ch\u1ee7ng, qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n tham gia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c\\\" c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau ng\u00e0y Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1m chia l\u00e0m hai mi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Sau khi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao vi\u1ec7c v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thay ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 4-1960, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh, ph\u1ee5c vi\u00ean, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u1ea1ch s\u0129 quan v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \\\"n\u00e2ng thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n, l\u1eadt thuy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n\\\", nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n, v\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. V\u0169 trang to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u00a0 \u00a0 III- T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C CH\u1eb6T CH\u1ebc, C\u01a0 C\u1ea4U NHI\u1ec0U TH\u1ee8 QU\u00c2N \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u0169 trang, chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; hai l\u00e0, ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng hao ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0169 trang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh. Trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a; c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i sau khi kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a L\u00fd B\u00ed, Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ng\u00f4, \u0110inh, Ti\u1ec1n L\u00ea c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u00e9t ri\u00eang. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Ng\u00f4, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung \u1edf C\u1ed5 Loa, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong tay c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh, th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0110inh, \u0110inh B\u1ed9 L\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, chia c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m 10 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 974 th\u00ec \\\"t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong 10 \u0111\u1ea1o\\\"27. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n trong 10 \u0111\u1ea1o, g\u1eafn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u1ee9c v\u0169 trang ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. Sau khi l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua, L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c con v\u00e0 c\u1eed h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang tri\u1ec1u Ti\u1ec1n L\u00ea, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tay nh\u00e0 vua g\u1ed3m thi\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u00e2n, th\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ee9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n do c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7, l\u1ed9, ch\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh \u1edf h\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00e1p, x\u00e3. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c (v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t), qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed9, ph\u1ee7, ch\u00e2u (qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3n. Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 huy, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n. C\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vua v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh; khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u00ednh h\u1ea1ng nh\u00ec sau c\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ng \u0111inh tham gia ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 binh d\u1ecbch, nh\u1eadp ng\u0169 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"ng\u1ee5 binh \u01b0 n\u00f4ng\\\", s\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n thay phi\u00ean nhau t\u1ea1i ng\u0169 canh ph\u00f2ng, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 t\u00fac l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fac h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00fac c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y; trong qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 binh, k\u1ef5 binh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 vua. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n, tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e1i \u1ea5p. Nh\u00ecn chung, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u; khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n do c\u00e1c l\u1ed9, ph\u1ee7, ch\u00e2u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 huy theo quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh trong v\u00f9ng, khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00ec l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n d\u00e2n binh (h\u01b0\u01a1ng binh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, th\u1ed5 binh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. Tuy c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7, ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n. Ba lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. Khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \\\"r\u1ea3nh tay\\\" \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho d\u00e2n binh, d\u00e2n binh l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. V\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi L\u00fd, th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc ri\u00eang, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","k\u1ef5 binh, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y binh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c theo s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ta. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y binh m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eadp tan t\u1eebng c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n binh. Do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, trong c\u1ea3 ba l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i chung. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng khi chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gia n\u00f4, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ng \u0111inh \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e1i \u1ea5p n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c To\u1ea3n v\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1edd th\u00eau s\u00e1u ch\u1eef v\u00e0ng: \\\"Ph\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u00e2n\\\" tung bay n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i chung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebb vang th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. Th\u1eddi L\u00ea S\u01a1, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n. Do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c vua L\u00ea r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung, vua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ri\u00eang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: qu\u00e2n c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o. Qu\u00e2n c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ng\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t. Qu\u00e2n ng\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh v\u1ec7 theo 5 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (\u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y, Nam, B\u1eafc, H\u1ea3i T\u00e2y). D\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed9i, ng\u0169. \u0110\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, chia c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh 13 \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, quy c\u1ee7. Theo \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: Qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5m binh (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7 qu\u00e2n) v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 ph\u1ee7. C\u1ea5m binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh v\u1ec7, s\u1edf v\u1eabn l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vua, ho\u00e0ng cung v\u00e0 kinh th\u00e0nh. C\u00f2n qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng chia theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 chia theo ph\u1ee7 (ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o, g\u1ed3m 2 ho\u1eb7c 3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh). D\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 v\u1ec7, s\u1edf, ty, \u0111\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 ph\u1ee7, s\u1eed gia Phan Huy Ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft: \\\"Binh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea5m binh ra th\u00ec binh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o chia th\u00e0nh 5 ph\u1ee7, ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng...\\\"28. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng su\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng binh l\u00ednh. B\u1ed9 binh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c quan v\u00f5, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n sai ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129. Tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o tay nh\u00e0 vua. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn, https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","vua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, vua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi L\u00ea S\u01a1. Th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn (nhanh, m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c), k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u00ean ch\u1ebf qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 doanh. Doanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 huy. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 doanh do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 binh, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh, k\u1ef5 binh, ph\u00e1o binh (\u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y binh. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng, xem nh\u01b0 hai \\\"binh ch\u1ee7ng\\\" trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. Khi h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, voi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng. L\u00fac t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i voi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ecfa h\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u01a1; do \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh, qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn so v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u1ee1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y \u00c2u. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Ti\u1ebfp thu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tinh hoa qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \\\"t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam m\u1eadt\\\". \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 huy; c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam minh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. G\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng (5-1941), l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng g\u1eedi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (21-12-1941) v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb S\u1eeda so\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh (5-1941) \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch, ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n ra sao, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb vi\u1ebft: \\\"Trong khi t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c... \u0110\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n anh...\\\"29. Coi tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ngay c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o (8-1945) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch, th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i khu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1ec7nh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 chi\u1ebfn khu, l\u1eadp th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n (b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch) l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn k\u1ebb th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 3-1947, \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9i, huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i, t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9i, trung \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i; v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 trong tay v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn linh ho\u1ea1t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, ng\u00e0y 1-4-1949, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh k\u00fd S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n... Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u01a1 quan qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 huy; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1949-1952, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c (\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n 308, 304, 312, 316, 320, 325) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1o 351 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng (H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n), binh ch\u1ee7ng (Th\u00f4ng tin, https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0110\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng...) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 binh c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n binh ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh (Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n 1, 2, 3, 4, \u0110o\u00e0n 232) v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ef5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, g\u1ed3m ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ta \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 vai tr\u00f2 t\u1eebng th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m hai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn: th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh quy h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i - th\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Qua \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, soi s\u00e1ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00a0 \u00a0 IV. CH\u00da TR\u1eccNG X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG QU\u00c2N \u0110\u1ed8I \\\"C\u1ed0T TINH\\\", V\u1eeeNG M\u1ea0NH TO\u00c0N DI\u1ec6N \u00a0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u00a0 M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \\\"chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng\\\" c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 tinh th\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea5y. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \\\"vi\u1ec7c binh\\\" r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t tinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\\\". \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh quy tinh nhu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1nch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \\\"qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t tinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\u201d (qu\u00fd h\u1ed3 tinh, b\u1ea5t qu\u00fd h\u1ed3 \u0111a) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 sau, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1, T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c to l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \\\"qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t tinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\\\". \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n khi h\u1ecd xin ch\u1ecdn th\u00eam tr\u00e1ng \u0111inh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh l\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u1ea1i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 50 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"Qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t \u1edf tinh nhu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. D\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn 100 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3 Ki\u00ean th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec\\\"30. Vua Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5p https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1285). \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV khi cho r\u1eb1ng binh m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 tr\u0103m v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u0103m v\u1ea1n l\u00f2ng, qu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng ai ai c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Minh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 35 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 gi\u1ea3m 25 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n cho v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 10 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \\\"\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\"31. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Quang Trung, nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: \\\"Qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t tinh nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u, binh l\u00ednh c\u1ed1t h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f4ng\\\"32. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \\\"c\u1ed1t tinh nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, b\u1ed5 sung ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh qua nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t tinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\\\" l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 938 nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c T\u1ed1ng (981; 1076- l077), c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean (1258, 1285, 1287-1288), c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Minh (1406-1427) v\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c Thanh (1788-1789). Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1edbn, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111ua v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t tinh nhu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n binh c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e1nh https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn then ch\u1ed1t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \\\"c\u1ed1t tinh\\\" chi ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t: t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec3n binh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ebfn hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129... nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u tuy\u1ec3n binh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111inh tr\u00e1ng trong di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u cho tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u1ecfe sung v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 thay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu cho v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Th\u1eddi L\u00fd, L\u00fd Anh T\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c (c\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n), ch\u1ec9 l\u1ef1a l\u1ea5y con nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft con nh\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c (con m\u1ed9t). Th\u1eddi L\u00ea, L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ba \u0111inh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe nh\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n; nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111inh th\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n; nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103m, s\u00e1u \u0111inh tr\u1edf l\u00ean, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 binh d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. V\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tuy c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \\\"binh ch\u1ebf\\\", \\\"ng\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n\\\" r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - tinh th\u1ea7n cho t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129. T\u1eeb nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng so\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u0103m lo hun \u0111\u00fac l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ed c\u0103m th\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n s\u0129 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \\\"trung th\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a s\u0129\\\" trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00ec x\u00e3 t\u1eafc. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng cam c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5, \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \\\"d\u00e1m b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\". Quang Trung \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1eafng\\\". \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m lo gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1 c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd l\u1eadp \u0110i\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3ng V\u00f5 (n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3ng binh ph\u00e1p), l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 X\u1ea1 \u0110\u00ecnh (n\u01a1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i thao di\u1ec5n); tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3ng V\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00f5 quan cao c\u1ea5p; tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3ng V\u00f5 (1481) l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00f5 quan v\u00e0 \\\"luy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t binh\\\"33. Nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n s\u0129, tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 theo nh\u1eefng quy ch\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam qu\u00e2n ng\u0169, tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1eddi vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 trong ba n\u0103m (1042, 1043, 1044) \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ba lu\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3. Th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng minh theo tinh th\u1ea7n \\\"vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n\\\". \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129. Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u0103n tr\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi vua Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng: \\\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c binh l\u00ednh nh\u01b0 cha con m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\"34. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Binh th\u01b0 y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u0129, n\u1ebfu \\\"trong qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m, t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111em thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb\\\"35, c\u00f2n \\\"n\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00fay coi qu\u00e2n s\u0129 nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf r\u00e1c, th\u00ec qu\u00e2n s\u0129 coi t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00fay nh\u01b0 c\u1eebu th\u00f9, c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3, c\u00f2n mong g\u00ec h\u1ecd g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch n\u1eefa\\\"36. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \\\"ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed chi binh\\\". T\u00ecnh g\u1eafn b\u00f3 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 binh s\u0129 nh\u01b0 cha v\u1edbi con \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m lo \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, trong quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec \\\"vua t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a c\u1eed m\u00e0 x\u1ee9 v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt\\\"37, l\u00fac th\u1ebft qu\u00e2n th\u00ec \\\"n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng h\u00f2a r\u01b0\u1ee3u, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 cha con\\\"38; t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u00ec \\\"huynh \u0111\u1ec7 chi binh\\\", l\u00fac \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u: tuy\u1ec3n binh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft..., tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1, T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tinh g\u1ecdn, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean, Minh v\u00e0 Thanh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"qu\u00e2n c\u1ed1t \u1edf tinh nhu\u1ec7\\\" l\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 s\u1edf, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u1eadp n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n do \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang. S\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y m\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (5-1941) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: M\u1ed7i trung \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 li\u00ean ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u00ean. Khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \\\"T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y chi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\\\"39. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. G\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, xem ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 \\\"g\u1ed1c\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngay sau khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi. Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00f3 l\u00fac g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y), B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy (v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh) \u0111\u1ec3 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u, C\u1ee5c Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ph\u00f2ng Qu\u00e2n nhu (7-9-1945). T\u1eeb C\u1ee5c Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng Qu\u00e2n nhu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Cung c\u1ea5p, sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh n\u0103m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 huy; l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u00e0m cho hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, s\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n xem tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i\\\"40. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ea1nh. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed5 sung ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho tinh\\\"41. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh d\u1ea1y: K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, \\\"k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt\\\". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i: \\\"M\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \\\"c\u1ee9u tinh\\\" c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\\\"42. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1a ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. Ch\u0103m lo cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \\\"C\u00e1c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","ch\u00fa c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9\\\"43. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng cam c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhau h\u01a1n, khi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, d\u00f9 nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1ea5y, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u0169ng vui l\u00f2ng \u0111i, khi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 s\u1ebd h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. Trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng cao, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u. Mu\u1ed1n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau chi\u1ebfn s\u0129: \\\"C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n tay, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh\\\"43. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00fac k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n do \u0110\u1ea3ng ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\\\"44. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \\\"c\u1ed1t tinh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u\\\", v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed1t tinh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hai n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh quy c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cao. Hai l\u00e0, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua (a) quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, (b) quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 (c) quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec1 cao n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o trong hai n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t, then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ra, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 V- CH\u0102M LO X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG \u0110\u1ed8I NG\u0168 C\u00c1N B\u1ed8 TRUNG TH\u00c0NH, T\u00c0I TR\u00cd \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh trung th\u00e0nh, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u0129. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3: qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, d\u00f9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia - d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. Kh\u00e2u then ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong binh ph\u00e1p, trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea S\u01a1, T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Binh th\u01b0 y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y binh l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, binh l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7\\\"47. Do \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean c\u0169ng theo Binh th\u01b0 y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: D\u0169ng, Tr\u00ed, Nh\u00e2n, T\u00edn, Trung. C\u00f3 d\u0169ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec y\u00eau d\u00e2n, y\u00eau qu\u00e2n. C\u00f3 t\u00edn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 trung th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hai l\u00f2ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y gi\u1ecfi cung, \u0111ao, c\u01b0\u1ee1i, b\u1eafn l\u00e0m t\u00e0i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ed5 kim l\u00e0m gi\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng, Binh th\u01b0 y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft: \\\"H\u00ecnh gia v\u00e0 danh gia kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u00eam binh gia, m\u00e0 binh gia th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eam h\u00ecnh gia v\u00e0 danh gia; \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng gia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u00eam l\u00e0m binh gia, m\u00e0 binh gia th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eam \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng gia...\\\"48. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n; ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (h\u00ecnh gia), ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc (danh gia) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (\u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng gia). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn m\u00e0 hay bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p m\u00e0 hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 hay quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 hay t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 quan v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n\\\"48. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \\\"d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p y\u00ean h\u1ecda ho\u1ea1n\\\". Ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi (b\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edbng) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 An Sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i h\u1eadn ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng do Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng trung n\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn, phong \u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 bi\u00ean \u1ea3i v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 phong \u00f4ng l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1267, 1283, vua Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn trong t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t, trong qu\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u, trong c\u00e1c quan vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o gi\u1ecfi v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, tinh th\u00f4ng binh ph\u00e1p, t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng coi qu\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \\\"\u0110\u1eddi \u0110inh, L\u00ea d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh... ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n T\u1ed1ng\\\"49. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, th\u00e1ng 10-1283, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i tr\u1ecdng h\u1eadu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 huy, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trung ngh\u0129a. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u0129 gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn. Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 huy, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n gay g\u1eaft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7u an v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00f4ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, thao luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u0129, l\u00e0m cho \\\"ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 B\u00e0ng M\u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 H\u1eadu Ngh\u1ec7\\\", c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i, r\u00e8n t\u01b0\u1edbng, luy\u1ec7n s\u0129, tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u1ec9 huy trung th\u00e0nh, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c - y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn, c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eebng s\u1ecf M\u00f4ng - Nguy\u00ean. Th\u1eddi L\u00ea S\u01a1, c\u00e1c vua tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng. Ngay khi \u0111ang c\u00f2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Minh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean hay ph\u1ea3i nguy, sinh d\u00e2n b\u1ecb h\u1ecda hay h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00fac, th\u1ef1c do \u1edf vi\u1ec7c binh, m\u00e0 binh quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y hay b\u1ecf, cho hay c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y, quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng. Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n\\\"50. Khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n. Trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i b\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (10-1429), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n: \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: Vua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec kh\u00e1c g\u00ec d\u00e2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh cho gi\u1eb7c. Tr\u1eabm lu\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean\\\"51. Do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, n\u00ean tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng. L\u00ea https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t: trung th\u00e0nh, nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. Theo \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, tr\u00ed d\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n, cho t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 trao ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 coi vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n. Trong chi\u1ebfu g\u1eedi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c Minh, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"S\u00e1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, gi\u1eef c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5, cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau\u201d52. K\u1ebf t\u1ee5c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c quan ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 coi qu\u00e2n c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng. L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Ch\u1ee9c quan t\u1ed5ng binh nh\u1eadn k\u00fd th\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t...\\\"53. Theo \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng, th\u0103ng, gi\u00e1ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1eddi L\u00ea S\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i. L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 trong chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n: \\\"B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ai, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00f4n d\u00e3, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 quan nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t n\u00e1u m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9i, l\u1eabn \u1edf h\u00e0ng binh l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 trao ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng\\\"54. V\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m c\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed, b\u1ea3o c\u1eed; kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 thi c\u1eed. Ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n sang b\u1ea3o c\u1eed. B\u1ea3o c\u1eed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng qua B\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed l\u00ean B\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i, B\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","t\u00e2u tr\u00ecnh vua b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \\\"thi\u00ean t\u01b0\\\" trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc: \\\"Ai d\u00e1m thi\u00ean t\u01b0 c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n k\u00e9m, tham l\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i\\\". Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o c\u1eed m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, s\u1eed gia Phan Huy Ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o c\u1eed thi\u00ean t\u01b0, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, r\u00fat cu\u1ed9c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\"55. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00f5 quan, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 L\u00ea S\u01a1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t, th\u1ea3i b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1428, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t, chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc, c\u00e1c quan \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ef3 thi; quan v\u00f5 thi v\u00f5 kinh, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u01b0. \u0110\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e9p s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch: C\u00e1c quan v\u0103n, v\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n n\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chia l\u00e0m 3 b\u1eadc; v\u1ec1 sau, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f5 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4 th\u00ed, c\u1ee9 3 n\u0103m m\u1edf m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 thi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f5 quan, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi chia th\u00e0nh 5 c\u1ea5p, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u0103ng, gi\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1488 (M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n), tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ph\u00e9p kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c quan; 3 n\u0103m thi s\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o, 6 n\u0103m t\u00e1i kh\u1ea3o, 9 n\u0103m th\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ni\u00ean h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f2n ra s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 cho tr\u01b0\u1edfng quan c\u00e1c nha m\u00f4n \u1edf ng\u0169 ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n m\u00ecnh cai qu\u1ea3n, ai c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, m\u1eabn c\u00e1n v\u00e0 thanh li\u00eam th\u00ec gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m th\u00ec t\u00e2u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea S\u01a1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u00eam \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i, thay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi non y\u1ebfu trong th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00f5 quan c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, \\\"c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ecfi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb\\\"56. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","Th\u1eddi L\u00ea Trung H\u01b0ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean chi\u00eau n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n s\u01b0. \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 am hi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, gi\u00fap ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1ea1ch ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t pho binh th\u01b0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbng khu c\u01a157. Trong H\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbng khu c\u01a1, \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb cho r\u1eb1ng: T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7n m\u01b0u h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n d\u0169ng. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m. T\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a. Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 th\u00ec d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng trung b\u00e1o \u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc; x\u1eed s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi58. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: T\u00edn, Tr\u00ed, Minh, T\u00e0i n\u0103ng, C\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u0169ng v\u00e0 Nghi\u00eam. \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t kh\u1eaft khe trong quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng binh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu, \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong d\u00f2ng t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t. Khi th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng l\u00ean r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh t\u00e0i ba, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ti\u1ebfn gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n. Th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00ec giao cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf (1778), Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu phong cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1788), Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n B\u1eafc H\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng: S\u1edf v\u00e0 L\u00e2n l\u00e0 nanh vu\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ta; D\u0169ng v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ta; Tuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u ta; c\u00f2n Nh\u1eadm th\u00ec v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ta. Nay ta giao cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 11 tr\u1ea5n trong to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u cho t\u00f9y c\u01a1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m59. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, giao cho \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh trong B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, hi\u1ec7p s\u1ee9c lo chung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, \\\"x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i\\\" c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xoay quanh: M\u1ed9t: quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n, hai: t\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, ba: l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ba nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u01b0\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, trong nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy di s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00ec \\\"T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi... th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh. T\u01b0\u1edbng xo\u00e0ng th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e8n\\\"60. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Mu\u00f4n vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9m\\\"61, \\\"C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\\\"62. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1925 - 1926, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i. Hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec d\u00f9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\\\". \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \\\"trung v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi d\u00e2n\\\", su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tri th\u1ee9c https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra s\u00e1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng: \\\"Tr\u00ed, D\u0169ng, Nh\u00e2n, T\u00edn, Li\u00eam, Trung\\\". Tr\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 huy, bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129; d\u00e1m ngh\u0129, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, d\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eef \\\"D\u0169ng\\\" l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u1eafng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eef \\\"tr\u00ed\\\" l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \\\"Tr\u00ed, D\u0169ng, Nh\u00e2n, T\u00edn, Li\u00eam, Trung\\\" t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m to v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, b\u1edfi \\\"s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\\\", \\\"d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch\\\". N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \\\"ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i... Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. H\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c l\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c th\u00ec v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng... Ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau chi\u1ebfn s\u0129... Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n v\u1eadn\\\"63. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy tham m\u01b0u, c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \\\"\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ta; ch\u1edb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c\\\". \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p (ng\u00e0nh h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n), \\\"ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t g\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c v\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn s\u0129. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fa\\\"64. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn","\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9\\\"65. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau l\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u00e1m ngh\u0129, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n; n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \\\"quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 hy sinh gian kh\u1ed5, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh, quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch\\\"66. Trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 huy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c phong d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0i ba xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, s\u0129 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Gabrien Bon\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"H\u1ecd bao qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c. Khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\\\"67. https:\/\/thuviensach.vn"]
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