Установление Советской власти в областях Казахстана (1917-1918)

A K A A E M U fl H AYK K A 3AXCKCW CCP MHCTMTyT MCTOPMM, APXEO AO rH K H 3 THOrPA<I>WM yC TA H O C iEH M E COBETCKOii RIACTH B OB1 AC M X KA3AXCTAHA / I9 1 7 -1 9 1 8 / C B O PH H K C T A T E ff p irG rv - C. Ceft<t>yn/iMM aTWHAVtf -1 A/meTbi 06/iwctwa *1 8M6e 6an KiT«nxaM8C « 1 Tajww*op*an na/iacw____ I KA3AXCKOH rOCVZIAPCTBEHHOE H3£ATEJlbCTBO A/iMa-Ara — 1957

PEiXAKUHOHHAfl KOJlJIErHS: £. Ejieyos, C. //. flOKpOOCKUll (OTBCTCTBeHHhIH pe^aKTOp), //. B. PycQKoe.

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Cojiee nepe;*oBoii skohomhkh P occhh h npoHCXOAHJiH oonpeKH peax* UHOHilOH K0J10HH3aTopCK0H IlOJIHTHKe UapH3Ma. C b ip -fla p h H H C K a a o 6jia c T b n a K a iiy iie B e JiH K o ft OKTflGpbCKOH co* im ajiHCTHHecKofi peBOJiiouHH GbiJia o T c ra jio ft KOJioimajibHOH oKpan- h o h . O ch o bh lim aaHHTHCM GoJibw m icTBa K a sa x c K o ro h K u pruacK oro H acejieH H fl oGjiacTH Gfauio c k o t o b o a c t b o . B ce B e p o -3a n a A H b ix p a fio H a x (IlepoB C K O M m K a 3a-*iHHCKOM y e 3^ a x ) n p e o 6jia ; ia j io s k c t c h c h b iio s Ko iie B o e c k o t o b o a c t b o . 3 eM JieAeJiHe b 3Th x p a fio H a x Gbijio p a 3B iiT c cpaBHHTCv'ibiio cJiaGo. B i o k h u x h ioro-BOCTOHHbix p a fio H a x (Taiu- KeiiTCKOM, M u m k c h t c k o m h Ay^iwe-ATHHCKOM y e 3A a x ) , H a p a a y co c k o t o b o a c t b o m , iia c e jie in ie 3aiiH M aJiocb h aeM Jiej.e.m cM . B c b h 3H c riepcxo/iOM k aeM JieAejiuio iip o n c x o iW i n p o u e cc oceAanHH M e c m o ro K o n e B o ro iia c e jie n H ii (x a s a x o B , K n p rH 30B ) . 3 eM JicAeJiHC HBJiHJiocb oc* HOBHbIM 3aHHTHCM OCCWIOTO IiaceJICHHH — y 36eKOB, a T3K>Ke pyCCKHX nepecejieHueB — KpecTbHH. B KoneBOM CKoTOBOAHecxoM ayjic, r^e jkkjih, rjiaBHUM o6 pa30M, ^a3axn h KHprn3w, rocno/iCTBobajih naTpHapxajibno-c^eoAajibHbie ot- iiouieiiHJi. CiwibHbi GbiJin poAOBHe nepe^HTKH, KOTopbie cnocoScTBo- aajiH coxpaHeHHio (lieo^ajibnux oTHouieiiHii, npHKpbiBa.m hx 3Kcnjiya- TaTopCKyio cymnocTb. 4>eoAajibHan coGcTBeimocTb na 3e.vuiio Gbijia 3aBya.fiHpoBaHa cymecTBOBaHHeM oGmHHHoro 3eMJienoJib30BaHHH. Oco/iajibHo-GaiicKaa BepxyuiKa aKcnjiyampoBa.ia TpyAOBOc Hacejie* hhc 3aMacTyio noA bhaom Tax Ha3bioaeMOH «poAOBofi noMomw*. 3 th OGCTOHTCJIbCTBa 33ACp>KHBaJill pOCT KJiaCCOBOrO CaMOC03IiaiIH5I Tpy- AHIUHxch Macc. HecMOTpa na 3to, b 3KOHOMHKe ayjia b Hanajie X X seKa o6 napy>KHJiHCb nosbie bbjighhh, cnocoGcTBOBaBUiHe pocTy icnac- coboto caMoco3HaiiHH xpyAHLUHxca. , B CBH3H C yCHJieHHeM 3KOHOMHH6CKHX CBB3efi C PocCHeH B ayJit CTajio pacm ToproBoc ckotoboactbo h 3eMJieACJine,' npoHHKaji HaeM- Hhlft TpyA- npHMeHCHHe iiaeMHoro TpyAa noATBepHCAaercfl cjieAyiomHMH AaHHbIMH2, npHBeAeHHblMH B TaGjIHUC. uoiuee 11a HHX MHC.70 HaHMeHOuanne pahoha X03>iftCTIl no.-n,3oaa- OTnycKajiM nucb nacM- Oarpaitou llblM TpyaOM Mmmkchtckhh ye3A, ropnan nacTb . . . . 4 012 1 348 578 LlHMKeHTCKHft ye3a. cTennaji qacTb .... .,. i . 4 909 I 229 569 Kaa&ffHHCKHft ye3A. AKryraftcKaH h iJiKaMan- 580 65 34 cupcKaa bcwiocth . .................. Kaaa.iHHCKHft ye3^ 3anrapcKaH h KajibiM- 638 84 14 OacoacKaa bojiocth................... . . , , crp ' 3?fo° P Cup'-rlapi>\" \" CKofl Q^acra 3a 1912 r., cTp. 136— 137; ,3a 1909 r.. « iIiI. iipHj[o>KeHHe k o-pjeiy no pemHuaHpHOflrHpoaro$axoI3laai^iceTHBaa, Tcyrpp.He1c4T8a—nc1K5o5r.o upas, 6

: Pa3BHTHe TOprOBOrO CKOTOBOACTBa H 3CMJI6A6JIHH, npoiiHKHoBeHHe b ayji HaeMHoro Tpyjna ycwjiHBajiH HMymecTBeHHyio AH(fxj>epeHUHa- u.mo. KaK bhaho H3 MaTepHajioB no 3eMJienoJib30BaHHio Ka3axoe B ricpOBCKOM1, Ka3aJIHHCKOM2, AyjIHe-ATHHCKOM3,4 MHMKeHTCKOM1 ye3Aax, c oahoh cropohm, 60 npouciiTOB cocTaBJisuin Ma.nocKOTHbie h Maji03eMeJibHbie xo3HiicTBa; c Apyroii CToponu, 6aftcKHe xoanncrBa cocpeAOTOMHJiH b cbohx pyKax ocHOBHbie MaccHBbi n acrfn m H IiaXOT- Hbix yroAHH. R MaTepnajiax o6cjieAOBaiiH5i MHMKeiiTCKoro yc3Aa, npoH3BeAeH- Horo b 1909 roAy, roBopHrcn, mto «naH6oJiee OoraTbie cjioh KHprna* ckoi’o (Ka3axcKoro.— 3. I I . ) HaceACHun cocpeAOTOHHJin b cbohx py- nax He t OvTlko rpoMaAHBie n,iomaAH nacTOnm, ho h 3Ha*iHTejibiibie ruzomaAn naxoTHow 3Cmah» 5. CocpeAOToqcnne cKOTa b pynax ne- Oojibiiwti rpynnbi xo3hhctb noAnepKHBaeTCH b waTepnajiax oCcvieAO' b3hhh llepoBCKoro ye3Aa: « C kotoboactbo FIcpoBCKoro yc3Aa nocm Kpyj7HOBJiaAejibqecKHH xapanrep. CnoTa Mnoro, no on cocpcAOTonen bo BJiaAeHHH cpaBHHTe.'ibno He6o.’ibiuoro KOJiwqecTBa rpynn»6. HOBbie HBACHHH B SKOHOMHKe ayjia IIpHBOAHvlH He TOJlbKO K yCH- jieHHfo HMymecTBeHiiOH AH(|xt)epeHHHamni. B ayjie BbipacTa/iH HOBhie COAHajIbHUC Tlinbl HaceJieilHJI. C OAHOfi CTOpOHbl, B03HHKaJI0 H POCJIO OaiicTBo, 3anHMaBmecca ToproBhiM ckotoboactbom h 3eMJieAC-iHeM. OTAHHHTeJIbHOH OCOtfCHHOCTblO 3THX X03HHCTB HBAHJIOCb TO, ^TO, lia- pany c naeMHbiM TpyAOM, b hhx Hcn0vib30BaAcn rp yj, (peoxa^biio- 3aBHCHMbix KpecTban, 3KcnjiyaTHpoBaBtiiHxcH 3aiiacTyio hoa bhaom ts k na3biBaeM0H «poAOBofl noMomn». 3 to 6biAH noAycf)eoAaAbHbie xo- 3HHCTBa. C Apyrofi CTOpOHbl, nOHB.UIJICH CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeiiHWH IipO- jieTapnaT h nojiynpojieTapHaT. Kan bhaho H3 «MaTepnaJioB no Knprn3cKOMy 3e.vfAeno^ib30Ba- hhio», b 4 ye3Aax od^acTH (AyAne-ATHHCKOM7, ^ hmkciitckom8, Ka3a- JIHHCKOM9H riepOBCKOM10), no npH6AH3HTeAbHbI>M AaHHbIM, e>KeroAHO lie Menee 34 tuchh oOeAHeBiiiHX KpecTban BbiHy>KAeHbi 6uah npoAa 1MaTepnajibi no KnprH3CKOMy 3eM-ieno.ib30BaHHio. riepoBCKiifi ye3A, 1912, crp. 44. 2 MaTepwajibi no Knprn3CK.oMy 3eMJicnojib30BanMio. Ka3anHHCKHH yean, 1913, crp. 51. 3 MaTepnanbi no Knprn3CK0My 3eMnenojib30Baimio. Aynne-ATHHCKHn ye3n, 1911, crp. 68. 4 MaTepH-anu no KMpniacicoMy 3e&crcencuib30BaHHio. MnwHeHTCKHH ye3n, t. 2, 1910, crp. 104. 5 TaM we, crp. 91. 6 MaTepnajibi tto K*prH3CKOMy 3eMnenom»30Bannio. ricpoBCKHn ye3A, 1912, CTp. 90. 7 MarepHajibi no KnprH3CKOMy 3CMnenojib30Daniiio. Aynne-AniHCKHH ye3n, 1911, crp. 72. 8 MaTcpnanhi no KnprnacKOMy 3CMncno;ib30BaHHio. HuMKeHTCKnfl yc3n, t. 2, 1910, CTp. 139. f MaTepnanu no Knpni3CKOMy 3CMJienonb30Bamiio. Ka3a;mHCKiiH ye3n, 1913, crp. 66. 10 MaTepnajibi no Knprn3CKOMy 3eM;renojib3oBaHHfO. riepoBCKii# ye3£, 1912, crp. 102. 7

BaTb cbok) paCo^yio cnjiy. B Ayjine-ATHHCKOM h Mhmkchtckom ye3£ax OHH 3aHHMa^HCb, TJiaBHhlM o6pa30M, HaeMHOH pa6oTOH B CeJIbCKOM X03HHCTBG (6aTpaKa.MH, nacryxaMH). B FlepoBCKOM h Ka3ajiHHCKOM ye3Aax, Hapflay c HaeMHOH paOoToft b ceJibCKOM xo3HHCTBe, ohh pa6o- xajiH na >Kejie3H0H ziopore no peMOnry nyTH, norpy3Ke BaroHOB, a TaK>Ke Ha puSHhix npoMbic/iax. Ayji, tskiim o6pa30M, cjiy>KHJi Taione HCTOHHHKOM (})OpMHpOBaHH5I HaUHOHa/IbHOrO npOMblFJJJieHHOrO npojie- TapwaTa. OTJiHHHTejibHoft oco6eHHOcrrbio HaeMHoro Tpy^a b ayjie hb- jijyiocb to, hto on 3anacTyio 6uj\\onyTaH c})eoAajibiio-poAOBhiMH nepe* >KHTnaMH, hochji Ka6ajibHbiH xapaKTep. HecKOJibKo Gbicrpee Bee 3th nponeccw nponcxoAHJin b KHtujiaKC, r/ie jkhao occAJioe, 3eMJie;acJimecKoe, npeHMymecTBCHHO y3(5eKCKoe nacejienHe. B KHuuiaKe, KaK h b ay.ie, rocnoACTByiomee noJio>KeHHe 3aiiHMajia (J)eo;;a;ii>no-OaficKaH BepxyiuKa. 3 kciuiyaTau.ua TpyAHmwx- ch npoHCXOAHJia Ha ocHOBe c^eo^aJibHbix cj)opM. Ho OHa 6biJia b MeHbineH crencHH npHKpbiTa naTpHapxajibHO-poAOBMMH nepe>KHT- K3MH. B KHiii.tiaKe 6bicrpee npoHCXOAHJi npouecc 3apoxcioHHn h paaBH- THH KanHTaJIHCTH^eCKHX OTHOUieilHft. Oco6eiIIIO HHTeHCHBHO OH nporeKaji b x.nonKOBOAMecKHx paAonax, r^e 3eMJieAejine hochjio apno BbIpa>KeHHbTH TOprOBblft xapaKTep. ripOHHKHOBeHHC B KHLUJiaK KariH- TajiHCTimecKHx OTHomeiinfi ycHJiHBa^io KAaccoBoe paccjioeHHe. Cy- UieCTBOBaHHC pe3K0H HMymeC-TBCHHOH AH(^(l)CpenUHaUHH B KHUIJiaKe MOJKHO nOATBep^HTb AaHHbIMH o6c.ieAOBaHHH OCejIJIbIX X03HftCTB Hh- a36eKCKOii boaocth, TauiKeHTCKoro yes^a.1 3Aecb, c oahoh CTopoHbi, 50 npoueHTOB Bcex xo3hhctb, HMemunx yaotfwyfo 3cmjuo, Bjiaxejm 3eMeJibHbiMH yqacTKawn pa3MepoM He donee 2 AecaTHH KaHtnoe. C ^pyroA CTopoHbi, Bcero AHiub 0,9 npoitem a Bcex xo3hhc.tb HMejin CBUiue 40 AecRTHH 3ewjiH na xo3jiActbo. MaAO30MejibHbre xo3aftcTBa, nan npaBHJio, ne HMejin cBoero paConero CKOTa, a uacrb H3 hhx ire HMejia Boo6me mwaKoro cKOTa. Tax, b stoh bojiocth b 91 ocennoM X03HHCTBG OTCyTCTBOBB/I BOOOIUe BCHKHft CKOT, B 130 X03HHCTBax He 6biJio paOonero ckota — Jioma^eii h bojiob. B KHUiJiaxe pocAo hhcjio GeAHHUKHx xo3hAc.tb. O hh nona^a^H b KaOajiy k mccthum 6aaM-c|)eoAajiaM, pocTOBiunKaM, CKynumKaM XJIOnKa. BoJIbLLIHHCTBO H3 HHX HBJIHJIOCb JIhGo H3/(OJIbIUHKaMH (HaftpH- Kepbi, niepHKH), jihoo OaTpaKaMH. B KHUIJiaKe na oahom nojnoce poc cejibCK0X03HAcTBenHUH npojieTapHaT h no.^ynpojieTapHaT, a Ha Apy- roM pocvia KHniJiaHHan 6yp>Kya3HH, 3aHHMaBUiaacH ToproBLiM aeM- jieAeJiHeM, pocTOBiiiH'recTBOM. KnixuiaK cjiy>KHji oahhm H3 rjiaBHbix hctohhhkob o6pa30BaHHB iiamioHajibHoro npoMbiLiijieHHoro npo.neTa- pnaTa. 3HaMHTejibiio 6ojiee neTKoft Gujia KJiaccoBaa AHcJ^epeHunaunfl B pyccKOM nepecejieimecKOM noce^iKe, tag rocnoACTBoBajui KariHTa.TH- CTHHeCKHe OTHOUieHHH. UapH3M CBOGft nepeceAeHHeCKOH nOJIHTHKofii i MarepHa.™ k xapaKrepHCTHKe HapoaHoro xoaniicTBa TypKecTaHCKoro Kna« II. ripHJiojKGHHe k OTMtvry no pcbh3hh rpacjia riaAena, cip. 106— 113. 8

craBHJi cede 3a^aqy co3Aa*rb Ha oKpaHHax P occhh HaAe>KHyio onopy b JiHue ncpecejieHqecKoro KyjiaqecTBa. C 3toh uejibio oh coAeficrBOBaA nepeceJiCHHK) KpccTbHH H3 eBponencKofi qacTH P occhh Ha ce OKpaHHbi, B qaCTHOCTH b Cup-ZlapbHHCKyio oCjiacTb. B 1912 roAy b odAacru dhiAo 103 ceAa c HaccACHHeM b 46 795 qe- jiOBeK. H3 hhx 18 ceA HaxoAHAHCb b TamKeiiTCKOM, 37 — b H hmkcht- ckom, 42 cejia — b AyAHe-ATHHCKOM h 6 ceA — b llepoBCKOM ye3Aax.* B pyccKofi AepeBHe 3eMJie^ejine hochjio npxo Bhipa>KeHHbiH Topro- Bbift xapaKTep. OTqeTAHBo BMpncoBbroa^ncb ABa THiia xo3hhctb: xy- jiauKoe xo3JiftcTBO, 3KcnjiyaTHpoBaBuiec pyccxyio H Ka3axcKyio deA- HOTy, H X035IHCTB0 pyCCKOrO KpeCTbHIIHHa-6eAHHKa, BbIHy>K^eHHOrO >KHTb npoAa>Kefl CBoeft padoqefi chaw. 3a>KHTOHHhie KpecTbaiie npHMenaAH b cbohx xo3HHCTBax >khchkh, BeHJIKH, KOCHAKH H Apyroft HHBeilTapb, HCn0JIb3OBajIH HaeMHblH TpyA. Tax, b 3 ye3Aax odAacTH (AyjiHe-ATHHCKOM, Mumkchtckom h Tam- kchtckom) 1 067 xo3fliicTB npHMeHHJiH HaeMHblH TpyA, H3 hhx b 124 X03HHCTBHX HaHHM3AHCb rOAOBbie daTpaKH2. ripOH3BOACTBO XAeda AA5I npOAa>KH HBAHAOCb CyiUCCTBOHHoft HOpTOfl 3THX X03HHCTB. B MhM* KeHTCKOM ye3Ae, iianpHMep, xa>KAoe 3a>KHToqiioe xo3hActbo npoAa- b3ao b c.pcAHCM okojio 645 nyAOB xjie6a; OTAejibHbie xo3HHCTBa npo- A3B3AH cro erne doAbwe, Tan KaK HepeAKO 3aceBaAH ao 100 agchthh.3 H iibim dhmo nojio>KeHHe pyccKOH deAHOTH. B qeTbipex ye.TAax oCjiacTH (Ayjine-ATHHCKOM, H hmkchtckom, TaniKeirrcKOM h flepoB- c k o m ) 44,4 npouenTa Bcex 6cahhukhx x03hhctb 3aceBaAH Ka*Aoe lie doAee 4 acchthh, a 12,5 nponeHra sthx X03hhctb BOBce rie hmcah noceBOB.4 3 th xo3hhctb3 dbiAH xy>Ke odecneqeiibi ckotom, HiiBCHTa- pew. 3ira*iHTe.TbiiaH qacTb H3 hhx BbmyxcAeHa dbwa npnderaTb k no- cTopoHHHM npoMbicjiaM, >KHTb npoAawen CBoeft padoqeii c h a m . Pyc- cnaa KpecTbHHCKaH deAHoTa nenpepbiBHo nonoAHHAa phaw Haewnbix CeAbCK0X03HHCTBeHHbIX padOHHX.5 Odmaa HeHaBHCTb k sKcuAyaraTopaM — pyccnoMy xyAaxy h mcct- HOMy da?o — cnocodcTBOBaAa cdAH>xeHHfO pyccKoft KpecTbHiicKofi deAHOTM h TpyAHiucrocH wecTHoro KopeHHoro HaceAeiinn. BancHbie H3MeH6HHH npoH3oiiiAH h b ropoAax odAacxH. B 1911 ro- Ay b hhx npo>KHBaAo 319 267 qeAOBex. HandoAee KpynHbiM ropoAOM dbiA TauiKeHT, HaceAeime KOTOporo coct3bahao 234 289 qejiOBex. B rop. TypnecTane HacqHTbiBaAocb 19 705 qeAOBeK, b AyAHe-ATe (/i>KaMdyAe)— *19 307, b Ka3aAiiHcKC— 17 879, b MuMKeHTe — 15 711, b FlepoBCKe (K3HA-OpAe) — 11 756 qeAoneK.6 C npucoeAHHCHHeM odAacTH k P occhh 3Aecb cTaAa pa3BHBaTbcn (J)a6pHqHo-3aBOACKaB npoMbiiiiAemiocTb. B 1905— 1906 rr. dhiAa no- n.1 Ofaop Cwpv-AapbHHCKOH ofiAacTH 3a 1912 r., CTp. 163— 166. 32 «Bonpochi KCWTOHH3aaHH», 1915, JST« 18, crp. 124— 127. A. C k p bi n ji e n. PyccKHe ce/ieHHH b Mhmkchtckom yesAO Cwp'/lapb- HHCKoft o(5.nacTH, 1909, crp. 90—91. 4 «Bonpocbi Ko.noHH3auHH», 1915, JSfe 18, crp. 134. 5 «cH3Becrnn AH Ka3CCP», cepun aKOHOMiwecKaji, Ap2 65, Bbin. I, CTp. 95. 6 A3HaTCKa« Pocchh, t. I, 1914, C.-rieTep6ypr, crp. 352. 9.

crpoena OpenCyprcKO-TauiKeHTCKaH >Ke.ie3iian Aopora, coeAHHHBUiaa TaKHC ropoAa, KaK Ka3aAHHCK, IlepoBCK, Typuccran, TauiKenT. 3 to HMeAO He TOJIbKO X03HHCTBCHH0e, IIO H Ba>KHOe nOJlHTIIHCCKOe 3IiaMC- Hue. no Been xcejie3H0H AOporn na Kpynuux craimHflx cocpe- aotohiibajineb KOMnaKTiibiMH MaccaMH >Kejie3iioAopo>Kiibie patfoune. KpyniibiM >Kejie3HOAOpo>KHUM y3JioM jib/iajich TauiKeiiT, cioAa cxoah- jiHCb jiHKRH Opeii6yprcKO-TauiKeHTCKoft Vi CpeAnc-A3HaTCKOH >Kejie3- Hbix AOpor. TaJUKeHT 6fcIJI KpyniibiM npOMblUIACHUblM H TOprOBbIM ueHTpOM. B 1913 roAy 3Aecb' pa6oTa.io 111 npoMMuuieHiibix npeAnpHHTHvi (J)a6pHMHO-3aBOACKoro Tima c o6iuhm hhcjiom pa6onnx okojio 2 500 qeJioBeK. 3naMHTe;ibHoe koahhcctbo paOoqwx 6luio Ha mcjikhx npeA* npHHTHHx.1 BoJibmasi qacrb hx 6bi.na c.ocpeAOToneHa Ha XAonKooqnc- THTeJIbHblX 3aBOAax, B THllOrpacj)HHX, MexailHHCCKHX MaCTepCKHX, Ha KOH(j>eTHOfi H KOHCepBHOfl (j)a6pHKax. & OCTaJIbllHX ropOAflX oOAaCTH npoMbiuuicHHOCTb Gujia pa3BHTa r-opasAO cJiaOee. B 1913 roAy b Mhmkchtc 6hjio 11 npOMbiujjieHHbix npeAnpHHTHH, Ayjine-ATe — 15, nepoBCKe — 5, KaaajiHiicKe — 4. Ohh npeACTaBAa- jih coOovi npeHMymecTBeHHo MejiKHe npeAnpHHTHH no nepcpafloTKe cejibCKOX03HHCTBenHoro cbipbH (MeAbHHUhi, nHBOBapeiiHbie, Knuienno- oHHCTHTejibHLio, KOKeBeHiiwe aaBOAbi). HanOoAce KpynHbiMH H3 hhx OblJlH CaHTOHHHHWH 38BOA B MHMKeilTe (59 paOOHHX) H XAOnKOOHH- CTHTeJibHbie 33B0Abi b MiiMKeHTe h TypKecTaiie. Oietayer OTMernTb, qro 3Ha«iHTeAbHyio qacrt uac&iCHHH ropOAOB o&nacTH cocTaBjiJijia Mecraaa TpyAOBan HauHOHaAbHan deAHOTa, ko- Topaa ?KHJia pa3.fihhhhmh npoMbicjiawn.2 Pa3BHTHe npoMbimAeHHOCTH h nocrpoHKa OpeH6yprcK0-TauiKeHT- ckoh >Kejie3H0H Aoporn npHBCJin k cymecTBeHHbiM couHajibHbiM cabh- raM h noAoacHJiH Hanajio 4>opMHpoBaHHfo npoMbiiiiAeHHoro npojiera- pnaTa h npoMbiujjieHHoft <5ypxcya3HH. nocTOHHHbie KaApu npoMbiuiAeHHoro npojierapHaTa c^opMHpoBa- AHCb na >Ke.ae3iioH Aopore, na <Jja6pnKax h 3aBOAax, npeHMymecT- BeHHo b TauiKenTe. >KeJie3HOAopo>KHbje paOoqne hbahahcb nanOojiee co3HaTeJibHoft h 0praHH30BanH0fi nacTbio paOoqero KAacca. Ha- UHOHajibHbiH coeras paSonux Ha npoMhmiAeHHbix npeAnpHHTHnx 6biA cneAyiomHH: ys6eKH — 44,5 npoizeHTa, pyccKHe — 35,5 npoueHra, Ka3axn— 10,9 npoueHTa, TaA>KHKH — 4,2 npoueHra h Apyrue Ha- UHOHa^bHOCTH — 4,9 npOUeHTa.3 KBaAH({)HUHpOBaHHbIMH paOonHMH na 3KeJie3Hofl Aopore npeiiMymecTBeHiio 6ujih pyccKHe. n p ou ecc (JjOpMHpOBailHH HaUHOHaAbHbIX KaApOB npoMbiLHJieHHoro npoAeTapHaTa b CHAy peaKUHOHiioft KOAOHH3aTOpcKOH nojiHTHKH ua- pH3Ma npoHCxoAHA MeAJiemio. UapH3M bccmh MepaMH n u rajicn aa- Aep>KaTb ero. HaKaHyne BejiHKoii OKTaOptcKoft counaAUCTHnecKOH B. 3 a o 3 e p c K a a h K. A. A j i e K c a H A e p . ripoMhiLujieHHbie 3aBe- TypKccraHCKoro Kpa«, C.-llCTep6ypr, 1915, cto 126— 127 2 063op Cbip-iXapbMHCKOfi o6jiacra aa 1913 r. IlpiwoieHHe. ' 3 bT.ypbK:cc3raaHoC3Keorpoc ACHun KaH h K- A. A j i e K c a i u e p . llpotfbroiAeiiHbie 3abo- Kpaji, C.-rierepfiypr, 1915, crp. 130—131. 10

pCBojiiouHH KaApw HauHOHajibHoro npoMbiiujieHHoro npojieTapnaTa, oco6eutio Ka3axcKoro, CbuiH HeMHoroHHCJiciniu. Cpe^H npoMbiuiJieHHofi 6yp>Kya3HH npeotfjiaAaAH pyccKHe h HHocTpaHHbie KanHTaJiHCTbi. MecTHaa HauHOHaAbHaa 6yp>Kya3HH (xa- 3axcKa« h y36eKCKan) Bbino.nna^ia pojib nocpeAHiixa we>KAy KpyiiHbiM pOCCHftCKHM H HIIOCTp3HHblM KanHTaJlOM H MCCTHbIM pbIHKOM. CBOH KanHTaJibi ona BKJia^bmajia b ToproBAio, ToproBoe 3eMJieAejiHe, poc- TOBIUHHSCTBO H TOJIbKO B OTA£JIbHbIX CJiyuaflX — B npOMblLUJICHHOe npOH3BOACTBO. TaK, IieKOTOpbie XJIOnKOOMHCTHTeJIbllbie 33BOAbl npHHaAJie>KajiH y36cKCKHM KanHTajiHCTa.M (CaHA-A3HM6aeBy, Xa- MHA-Xan-Typcyii-XoA>KaeBy h A p .).1 MecTHan iiauHOiiajibiian 6yp>xy- a3HH ObiJia Tecuo CBH33Ha c tjicoAajibHOH 3Haibio. Ona cawa eme BbicTynajia xax nojiy^eoAaJibHan snaTb, ucnxo Aepwajracb 3a naT- pHapxaJibiro-(J)eoAaAbHbie othoui6hhh. Bee sto ycHJineajio peaxuHOH- Hoc.Th MecTHoft nau,noHa.nbi!oft 6yp>xya3HH. B TeCIIOH CBH3H C COUH£lJlbHO-3 KOHOMHHeCKHMH H3M6 H&HHHMH, npO- HcmeAiiiHMH b iranaAe X X bcko, ctoht h noAHTimecKiie H3MeneHHH. Chip-/lapbHHCKan o6jiacrb HBAH.iacb thiih^iiioh KOAOHHaAbiion 06- JiacTbio Ha AajieKou oKpaime P occhh. AAMHHHcrpaTHBHo-noAHTHqe- CKHM UeilTpOM ce 6 bia TaiHKeHT, HBJTHBLLIHHCH OAHOBpeMeHHO UCHTpOM Bcero TypKecTaiiCKoro Kpan. B cocraB oCjiacTH bxoahjih y e 3Abi: Tam- KeHTC-KHft, AyJIHe-ATHHCKMH, Mh.MKCIITCKHH, FlepOBCKHft II K a3a.lHII- CKHH. PyCCKHH U.apH3M He TO.lbKO npOBOAIIJI peaKUHOHIiyiO 3KOHOMHHC- cnyio no.THTHKy, ho h 3aAe.p>KiiBaji nojiHTHHecKoc h xyAbTypnoe pa3- BHTiie Kpan. B Cbip-,HapbHircKOH oCviacTH, xax h bo BceM Kpae, tfbui co3Aan BocHHO-KOJiOHHajibHbiii annapaT ynpaBJiCHHH. Bee Bbicuine AOA>KlIOCTH 33HHMaJIHCb pyCCKHMH BOeHHbIMH H rpa>KAaiICKHMH MH- HOBHHKaMH. 3Aecb AcftcTBOBajiH uapcKHe 3aKOHhi h uapcKini cyA, npoUBeraJIH B3HTOHHHHeCTBO, Ka3HOKp3ACTBO, BOAOKHTa. Ii,apH3M npoBOAHA no-iHTHKy HauHOHaAbHoro yrHeTeHHu h pa3>KHraHHH na- UHOHa.'IbHOH Bpa>KAbI, CTpCMHCb nOMCIIiaTb pa3BHTHIO AO(5pOCOCeACKHX OTHOUieHHH H ApV>K(5bI, yCTaHaB/IHBaBLlIHXCH Me>KAy pyCCKHM H Ha- UHOHajibHbiM TpyAOBbiM iiacojiGHHCM. Oh npenaTCTBOBaA HaunoHajib- HOMy caMoonpcAe-acHiiio napOAOB Ka3axcTaira h CpeAHeft A3h h , 3a- Aep>KHnaji pa3BHTHC HauHOHajibHoro H3bixa h HauHOHaJibHOH Kyjib- Typbi. H o Ha nojiHTHHecKoe pa3BHTne Aa-ieKoft OKpaniibi oKa3biBajia Bee B03pacTaBiuee BAHHHHe h Apyran, TpyAOBan, P occhh. B Ha*rajie X X Bexa cioAa npoHHKaioT HAeH MapKCH3Ma, B0 3 HiiKaioT nepBue pa6omie MapKCHCTCKHC Kpy>KKH. OpraHH33TOpaMH HX 6hLlH pyCCKHe peBOAIO- UHonepbi — MapKCHCTbi, cocAaHHbie b TypKecTaii uapCKHM npaBHTejib- CTBOM, H pa6 o iIHC->Ke.7ie3HOAOpO>KEIHKH. TaKHe Kpy>KKH B0 3 HHK.1H B TaujKeHTe (aKTHBiiwe yqacniHKH hx — KopmoiiiHii, OeocJjaHOB, BaTa- aob, JIhtbhhob h Ap.)» rTepoBCKe (T odoxob, /laBbiAOB h A P-). Typ- Kecrane (K y 3HeuoB, CaMOHAOB) h Apyrnx ropoAax. B toabi nepBofi 1 «Bo:;pocbi HCTOpHH», 1956, Ks 5, cTp. 106. 11

pyccKoft pcBOJiiouHH Ha 6a3e hx co3AaiOTCH couwaji-ACMOKpaTHHecKaH opraiiH3aiuiH b TaiiiKeiiTe h coUHaA-AeMOKpaTHqecKHe rpynnbi b rie- poBCKe, Ka3ajiHHCKe, TypKecTaHe. FIoa hx pyKOBOACTBOM npoxoAHT peBOJHOUHOHHOe 71.BHJKOHHG. B HCpHOA OKTH6pbCKOft riOAHTHqeCKOH CTaMKH 1905 roAa patfomie OpeH6yprcKO-TauiKeHTCKOii >Kejie3HOH ao- porn o6i ?hbhjih 3a6acTOBKy h 3axB3THJiH b cboh pyKH xceJie3Hyio ao- pory.1 B nepHOA peBOviKDUHH 1905— 1907 rr. peBOJiiouHOHHhie HAen Haqa- a h nocreneHHo nporiHKaTb h b cpe/xy MecTHoro Kopeimoro nacejieHHH. B Aena6pe 1905 roAa BoeHHbin rydepiraTop Cbip-JUpbHiicKOH o6.ia- cth nncaji, hto «pacnpocTpanHK)iii>aHCH AeHTeflbHocTb peBOAiouHOHHOH napTHH npoHHKJia b nocAeAHee BpeMH h b KHprH3CKyio cienb...».2 Ha cocTOJiBmeHcn b MapTe 1906 roAa nepBoft KOH(])epcHUHH TypKecTan* ckoh opraHH3auHH P C R P U 6bi.no npeAAo>Ke.Ho « bccm TosapniuaM na Mecrax o6paTHTb oco6oe BHHMaHne na TyseMHH# rrpoAeTapHar, BecTH cpeAHiiero bo3Mohuio 6ojiee iiinpOKyio counaA-AeMOKpaTHqecKyio arn- TauHio, a TaK>Ke h nponaranAy». B ro/ibi peaKu-HH h HMnepHaAHCTHqecKOH bohiiu mccthum coiinaA- AeMOKpaTHqecKHM opraHH3auHHM 6n a iiaHeceH cepbe3Hbifl yAap; ohh 6biJiH paarpoMJienbi. ricpBaa MHpOBaa boAna noAopsaAa npoH3BOAHTeJibHbie chau Bce- ro Kpan. B Haqajie bohiih 6biAa Mo6HAH30BaHa b apMHio anaqHTejib- nasi qacTb pyccKoro HaceAeHHH ccji h ropoAOB. B hjohg 1916 roAa uapcKoe npaBHTeJibCTBO pemHJio Mo(5HAH30BaTb i-ra TNAOBue patfoThi TOAbKO H3 Cbip-/IapbHHCKOH otfAaCTH 60 TUCHH qeA-OBeK MecTHoro Kopeimoro iiacoach hh.3 3a roAbi boAhm H3 TypKecTaHa, b tom qncAe H H3 Cblp'JXapbHHCKOH O&iaCTH, 6b!AO BbIBe3GHO OTpOMHOe KOAHHe* ctbo xAonxa, Mflca, phi6bi, KoujMbi, AomaAeft h t. n. Tan Ha3biBaeMbie «nO>KepTBOBaHHH» Ha Hy>KAbl BOHHbl COCTaBHAH 2 400 TbICHH pyOAeii.4 rioceBHbie HAOiuaAH cOKparHAHCb.5 PocAa AoporoBH3Ha. UeHbi Ha npoMbiuiAeHHbie TOBapbi h Ha XAe6 noBbiCHAHCb b 3— 4 pa3a. K TOMy >Ke xAe6a hohth lie Oujio. Bee sto qpeaBbiqaftiio yxyAWHAO noAowe- Hwe TpyAHiiiHXCH M acc. B 1916 roAy b TypKecraHe h Ka3axCTane pa3BepHVAocb iiiHpoKoe HapOAHO-OCBOSoAHTCAbHOe BOCCTaHHG. OHO OXBaTHAO H Cbip-^apbHH' CKyio oOAacTb. B neM npHHHMaAH yqacTHe iunponwe Maccu TpyAOBo- ro HaccAeHHH: cKOTOBOAbi, 3eMAeAeAbU.br, a Taicxce ropoACKan 6eAHOra. BbicTyriAeHHa noBCTaHueB hochah xapaKTep pa3po3HeHHbix cthxhA- Hbix BcnhimeK b pa3AHMHbix paikmax o6AacTH (AyAHe-ATa, MepKe, TauiKeHT). yqacTHe pa6omix Ka3axoB h y36eKOB b BoccTannH b cHAy HX HeAOCTaTOMHOH MHCAeilHOCTH H OpraiIH30BaHHOCTH lie MOrAO H3Me- HHTb xapaKTepa BoccTanun. HauHOHaAbHan 6yp>Kya3HH 3anflAa npe- AaTeAbCKyio no3numo no OTHoiuenmo k BoccTaBiiiHM. 1 BcepoccHHCKaji nojiHTHqeCKaji CTanKa b OKTnOpe 1905 r. (AoKyM©HThi h MaTepnajiw), i. IV, 1955, AH CCCP, CTp. 304. 2 «H0BNft Boctok», 1925, JVs 10-11, CTp. 30. 3 UrHA KaaCCP, ij). 380, on. 1, x 1, ji. 86. 4 KpacHMA apxHB, 1929, t. XXXIV, crp. 54. 5 «BecTHHK AH Ka3CCP», 1954, JSfo 10, CTp. 37. 12

Tan, coctohbuihhch 27 hiohh 1916 roAa b Mhmkchtc crbe3A boao- cthux ynpa.BHTejieft h «noneTHUx jihu» eAHHoroactto BbicKa3aACH 3a Mo6HAH3au.Hio TpyAOBoro KopeHHoro HaceAeHHB Ha TtuioBhie pa6o- t h .1 22 hwjih 1916 roAa npeAaTejiH y36eKCKoro napOAa — rjiacHbie ropoACKOH AyMbi h Apyrne «noneTHbie Ty3eMUbi» rop. TauiKeHTa — b cbocm HHCbMe k reHepaA-rySepHaTopy KyponaTKHHy padoAenHO 3an- BHJ1H O CBOCM B03MyiU,eHHH BblCTynACHHCM HapOAHbIX MaCC B CTapOH M3CTH rop. TaiHKCHTa npOTHB Mo6HAH3aUHH HX Ha TbIJIOBbie pa60Tbi. BoccTaHHe 1916 roAa, HecMOTpa iia HajiHHHe b hcm pcaKiuioHHbix MOMeHTOB, bhochmmx areHTaMH HHocTpaHHbix HMnepnajiHCTOB h (|)eo* Aa.TbHO-6aftCKHMH SACMCHTaMH, HMCJIO 6oAbWOe nOJIHTHHeCKOe 3Ha- neHne. O ho Hauecjio yAap KOAOHKajibiioMy pejKHMy, cnocoCcTBOBa.io pocTy miaccoBoro caM0C03HaiiHH TpyAHiunxca Macc. Ba>KHbie H3MeHeHHH B nOAHTHHCCKOft 3KH3HH o6AaCTH npOH30U!AH b pe3yAbTaxe notfeAu 6yp>Kya3HO-AeMOKpaTHHecKOH OeBpaAbCKofi pe- BOAiouHH 1917 roAa. Kax TOAbKo cTa.io H3Bec.THo o no6eAe peBOAiounn b IleTporpaAe, b ropoAax odAacra (TamKeHTe, Mhmkchtc, AyAHe-Aie, ricpOBCKe H Ap.) COCTOHJIHCb ACMOHCTpaUHH H MHTHHTH, Ha KOTOpbIX HapoAHbic Maccbi npHBeTCTBOBaAH CBep>KeHHe uapH3Ma. IIoa bahh- HHeM Co6bITHH B UCHTpe CTpaHbl CTa.lH C03AaBaTbCH COBCTbl pa6o- hhx h coJiAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB. B nanane MapTa b TamKeHTe, Ha crau* HHHx riepoBCK, Ka3aAHHCK h TypnecraH bo3HHkah CoBeTbi pafionHx AenyTaTOB. OAHOBpeMCHHo b 3thx ropoAax oGpa3oaaAHCb Cobctw coAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB.12 B cepeAHiie MapTa B03hhk Cobct coJiAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB b rop. AyAne-Aie. HecKOAbKo no3AHec b HeKOTopux ye3- Aax ofoiacTH c.03AaioTC5i CooeTbi KpecTbancKHx AenyTaTOB, a TaK>Ke CoBeTbi MycyAbMahckhx AenyTaTOB. TpyAHLAHecn xMaccbi cra.m pewHTCAbHo BbiCTynaTb npoTHB npeA- craBHTeAeH cTapofi, uapcKofi BAacTH. n o nocranoBAeiiHFo TaniKeirr- CKoro C oB da reHepaA-ry6epHaT0p KyponaTKHn 6biA oTCTpaHeH ot BJiacm h noABepmyT AOManmeMy apecTy. TypnecTaHCKoe reHepaji- ryGepnaTopcTBo Ohuio AHKBHAnpoBaHo. 7 anpcJiH 1917 roAa BpeMennoe npaBHTCAbCTBo 0(5pa3OBaA0 aah ynpaBACHHH KpaeM TypKecraHCKHfi komhtct, b KOTOpbin bouiah na- AeT meiiKHH, MeHbineBHK EAriaTbeBCKHH, aAaui-opAbmeu ByKeftxaHOB h Apyrne. 17 anpeAH 1917 roAa na .viecTO BoeHHoro ryGepHaTopa Cbip- ZlapbHHCKOfl odAacTH b nanecTBc o6Aacnroro KOMHccapa BpeMCHHo* ro npaBHTCAbCTBa 6wa Ha3HaneH 6biBLUHH ye3AHbifi nanajibHUK noA- nOAKOBHHK TpH3Ha. ye3AHbie HanaAbHHKH 6bIAH 33MeHCHU yC3AHbI- mh KOMHccapamh. noBceMCCTHo b ropoAax, ceAax, ayjiax, KHiiuiaKax C03AasaAHCb Tax na3biBaeMbie HcnoAHHTeAbHhie komhtctw. B ropoAax b hhx npeo6AaAaAH 6yp>Kya3Hbie h 6yp>Kya3HO-Hau.HonaAHCTHHecKHe aAeMCHThi. B ceAax, ayAax h KHimiaKax ohh HaxoAHAHCb b pynax KyAanecTBa h 6aficTBa. TypKecTaHCKnfi komhtct, o6AacnioH h ye3A- 1 UPWA Ka30CP, (|). 380, on. 1, a. 1, ji. 65. 2 FToatotobka h npoBftAeiiHe Bemncoft Okth6pi>ckoh couHajiHcnmeCKofi pcno- jiioijjHH b y3(5eKHCTaHe, C6opHHK AOKyMeHTOB, TaiiiKeHT. 1947, crp. 90—93. 13

Hbic KOMHccapbi npeACTaBAHAH BJiacTb BpeMeHHoro npaBHTejib- CTB3. B TypnecTaHe, KaK h bo Bceft CTpane, co3AaAOCb ABoeBAacrne. BpeMeHHoe npaBHTejibCTBo npoBOAHAo b Kpae aHTimapo/uiyto no* JiHTHKy. O ho nperiHTCTBOBa.no HaunoHaAbHOMy caMoonpeAGACHHio napoAOB TypnecTaHa. CocTOHBUieecH b anpejie 1917 roAa KpaeBoe coBcmanne npn TypKKOMHTeTe, c BeAOMa BpeMeimoro npaBHTejibCTBa, BbiCKa3aAocb npoTHB npeAocraBJieiiHH HapoASM TypKecrana KanoH 6bl TO HH 6bIAO aBTOHOMHH H pCIHHAO, 4TO TypKeCTail AOA/KCH 6bITb yilpaBAHCM naiT0A0 6 He aHrAHHCKHX H (j)paHliy3CKHX KOAOHHH.1 BpeMCHHoe npaBHTe.ibCTBo ne TOAbKO npeAynpe>KAaAO KpecTbsm npoTHB 3axBaTa Ka3eHHbix h 6aiiCKO-iiOMem,H4bHx 3eMejib h npeAAa- raAo >KAaTb yqpeAHTGAbHoro coCpaHHH, ho h >kcctoko iioasbahao MaAefiJiine noiibiTKii KpecTbHH 3axeaTHTb no\\ieiuH4bH 3eMAH. Pa6o4nfi nonpoc ocTaBaAcn nepa3penicHHbiM. FIonbiTKH paCoMHx Ha npoMbiiiiAenHbix npeAnpunTHHX TaLUKenra hbomhljm nopHAKoM bbcctm 8-HacOBofi pa6oiniH Aenb BCTpenaAii pe3Koe npoTHBoAcncTBiie CO CTOpOIIbl 6yp>Kya3HOIi BAaCTH. npOAOBOAbCTBeHHOe OOAO>KeHHe 6biAO THJKeAblM. HaCCACHHC 3 ropoAax rioAyqaAo lie 6oAee 200 rpaMMOB xAeda na neAoneKa. P a 6 o - Hwe roJiOAaAH. MeiibineBHKH, acepu, npeoOAaAaBmue b CoBeTax, noAAep>KHBaAH aiiTHirapoAiiyio noHUTHKy BpcMemioro npabhtcabcrb a h ero oprana b Kpae — TypKKOMHTeTa. 7— 15 aripcAH 1917 roAa coctohach I KpaeBoii cbe3A C obctob TypKCCTaHCKoro Kpan, Ha KOTopo.vi npucyTCTBOBaAn h npeAcraBHTeAH Cbip-TXapbHHCKoft oOAacTH. H a CT»e3Ae npeoCAaAaAH MCHbiuenuKH h acepbP. n o >KH3HeiiH0 Ban<HbiM oonpocaM (o Boiine, 06 OTHOUiemiH k B pcMeiiHOMy iipaBHTeAbCTBy h AP-) ci»e3A 3aiiHA corAainaTeAbCKyio n03HUHI0.2 BpeMeHHoe npaBirreAbCTBo HOAAep>KHBaAH h 6yp>Kya3iibie nauno- HaAHCTbi. ^eopaAbCKan peBOAioiinn HBHAacb toahkom k opraHH3aumi HauHonaAbiroH 6yp>Kya3HH. Ka3axcKHc w y30ei\\CKHC nauHOHaAHCTbi 0(|)OpMAHIOTCfl B 6vp>Kya3IIO-IiaUHOHaAHCTH4eCKHe napTHH. B MapTe 1917 roAa co3AaeTca napTHH v36ckckoh 0yp>Kya3HH «lU y p o n -H c A a - MHH» (CoBeT H cA aM a); AeTOM 1917 r o A a — Ka3axcKan 6 yp>Kya3HO- HanHOHaAHCTiiqecKaH napTHH «A A a m ». C uejibio yAep>KBTb noA cbohm BAHHHHe.M mnpoKHe HapoAiibie M3CCbI OHH C03Aai0T TaK Ha3b!BaeMbie «KHprH3CKHe» H «MycyAbMancKHe» HcnoAiniTeAbHwe KOMHTeTbi Bvp* >Kya3Hbie HauHonaAHCTbi crpeMHTCH paciniipHTb cboh npaBa cbofo AK)HHH B VafiOKHCTaHC, CfiopHHK AOKVMOHTOB* TaUJiKbkCCgK:-hOtH, COUHaJIHCTlIUeCKOH peBO 1947, crp. 44, 46.

ctby.1 TaKyio >Ke no3HUHio 3a»HJiH h Ka3axcKne 6yp«ya3iibie naiuto- HaJIHCTbl. >K.H3HeHiio Ba^KHbie Bonpocu b Kpae we Owjih paspeuieHH. Byp- >Kya3iio-noMem.imbe BpeMemioe npaBHTejibCTBO npono/uiJio aHTH- HapoAHyio ricwiHTHKy, Koropan HaxOAHJiacb b uenpHMHpHMOM upoTH- BOpeHHH C TpeGOBaHHHMH HapOAHHX Macc. 3 t0 (Viy>KHJIO 06’beKTHBHOH ocHOBoft Aa-ibHcfitiiero pa3BHTHH peBOJUOUHH bo Bceii crpaHe, b tom Hiicjie h 11a ^a-ieKOH oxpaHHe — b TypKeciane. *** riocvie ceep>Keiiii5i uapH3Ma crajm Bo3pox<AaTbCH counaA-Aewo- KpaTHHecKae opraHH33UHH b Cbip-^apbHHCKOH o6,iacTH, pa3rpow- JieHHwe b roAbi peaKUHH vi HMnepnaJincTHnecKOH Bofiiihi. O^HOH H3 IiepBHX B03p0AHJiaCb TaUiKCHTCKaH 06beAHHeHHaH co- HHaji-^eMOKpaTHHecKaH opraiiH3anHfl, BuyTpH KOTOpoft b anpejie 1917 ro/ia CKJiaAbiBaeTCH ne6o;ibiuaH, ho cn.ioneiniaH Oo/ibiueuneT- cnan rpynna bo nnaBe c pa6oHHMH->KeAe3HOAopo}KHHKaMii H. B. Illy- MHJIOBbIM H A. ricpiUHHblM. TauiKejiTCKiie 6aibmeBHKH, pyKOBOACTByacb AnpejibCKHMH Te3K- C3MH JleHHHa H pCUICHKHMH V II AnpeJIbCKOH KOH(J)epeHUHH, pa3BCp- HyAH pa6oTy b waccax. PaCoTaTb iipuxoAH/iocb b TpyAHbix vcjiobhhx. Jlfo/ien 6bi.no mbjio, CBoero nenaTiioro opraHa 6ojibiueBHKH He hmcjih, He xeaTa.io JiHTepaTypu. Ho, HecMorpa na Bee 3to, TauiKCHTCKHe 6ojibineBHKH ynopHO bcjiii anrranHoHHyio patforv 3 Maccax. Bucry- nan b CoBCTe, ua co6paHHnx TpyAHiAHxcn, ohm npH3biBajin Maccu k 6opb6e npoTHB hmnepHa.THCTHHecKofl bohuht, aa bbcaghhc pa6o«iero kohtpoah Haa np0H3B0ACTB0M h pacnpeAejieHne.\\t, 3a nepcxoA Been BJiacTH k CoBeraw paOomix h coAAaTCKHX AcnyiaroB. Bopncb 3a H3o- jihluho corAauiaTejibcKHX napTHH ot TpyAHmuxcn wacc, TauiKCHTCKHe 6o.ibiueBHKH pa3o6AaHajiH MeiibiueBHKoB h acepoB, 3aceBUjnx b ro- Poackom h KpaeBOM CoBeTax. U K Co.nbiiieBHCTCKOH napTHH, npHAaBaa 6o.Tibiiioc 3nanenHe Tam- KeHTy Kan BanuiefiiueMy 3KOHOMHliecKOMy h nojinTHHecKowy ueHTpy TypKecTawa, nocjiaji ryAa tfoAbiueBHKa II. A. Ko6o3eBa c uejibfo pa3'bficHHTb na Mecre noayHrH oojibincBKCTCKoft napTHH, otfocnoBaii* Hbie B. H. JleiiHHbiM b AnpejibCKHx Te3Hcax. 3Ta noMomb U K 6oflb- meBHCTCKoft napTHH cnocoOcTBOBajia okhejichhio pa6oibi Oojibuic- bhctckoh rpyimu. n . A. Ko6o3eB, Bbicrynan na pafionnx co6paiiH>ix H MHTHHraX, B ynOpHOH 6oph6e C MeHblUCBHKaMH 3HCprHMH0 OTCTaH- Baa SaibmeBHCTCKiie ji03VHrH. Becnon h JieroM 1917 roAa no HHimnaTHBe 6o,ibujeBHKOB Tam- KenTa 6biJin H3Aanbi «MaHH^)ecT KoMMynHCTHnecKOn napTHH* (4 thc. 3K3.)» nporpaMMa P C A P n (30 th c. 3K3.), Vctsb P C f iP n (500 3K3.) h Apyrwe. B pe3V7IbTaTC ACJITe-lbHOCTH TaiUKeilTCKHX 6oJIblLICBHK03 y>Ke Bec- hoA 1917 roAa na paoo^Hx coCpannax oTAejibHbix npeAnpHHTHA, b : TpyAW V36eKCKoro ({m^Ha/ia HM3JI, Taiiinem, 1951, crp. 28. J5

qaCTHOCTH B >KeJie3HOAOpC»KHbIX MaCTepCKHX, HBAHBIIJHXCH rA3BHOH OriOpotf TaiJLiK6HTCKHX 6oAbLUeBHKOB, fipHHHMaAHCb OoAbUieBHCTCKHe peaoJiioUHH.1 HapHAy c arHTaunoHHoft paOoTon, TauiKeHTCKiie OoAbiueBHKH pa3- BepHyjiH OoAbiuyio opraHH3auHOHHyio paOoTy cpeAH macc. O hh BceMH MepaMH cnacoOcTBOBajiH opraiiH3auHH npocpeccHOHajibiibix coio30b. B a n p ejie— Mae 1917 roAa b TaiiiKeHTe bo3hhkah cojo3 >xejie3HOAO- pO>KHHKOB H C0103 paOoHHX 33BOAOB H MaCTepCKHX. B nOCAeAHHfi BcrynHJio 500 nejioBeK. BbiAH opraHH30Banfai Taioxe npo^eccHOHaAb- Hhie o6*beAHHeiIHH paOoHHX XAOnKOOHHCTHTeAbllhlX 3aBOAOB, CTpOHTC- jieft, MacrepcKiix TpaMBan. Ba>KHoc 3naqeHHe TaiiiKeiircKHe OoAbiueBHKH npnAaBaAH paOoTe cpeAH MecTiioro KopeHHoro HaccAeiiHH. H3AaBaAacb riOAHTHqecKan a h - TepaTypa na y36excKOM H3biKe. « 3 to HaAo ropnqo npHBeTCTBOBaTb,— nncajia b cbh3H c sthm «H a m a ra3eTa»,— ;\\a6u ctopohhhkh npe>K- Hero pe>KHMa lie ncnojib30BajiH npoMea a eHhh a a h cbohx BpeAHhix arwrauHOHiibix ueACH»12. B CBoew paOore cpeAH KopeHHoro HacejieiiHH TauiKeHTCKHe 6ojib- jueBHKH onHpaAHCb iia pa(kmix-y36eK0B, B03BpaiuaBiiiHxcH c bochho- TbijioBbix paOoT. C hx noMOiubio b TaiiiKeHTe, CTapoM ropoAe, co3Aa- BajiHCb npoiJ)eccHOHaAbHbie coioabi. I3h ah opraHH30Baiibi npoc})coK> 3hi cTpoHTeJieft, KO>KeBHHKOB, cano>KHHKOB, >xecTHHiUHKOB, nexapeH, napHKMaxepoB h Apyrue. Co3AaHiie hx oOjierqajio pa6ory CoAbineRH- kob cpeAH Kopeimoro TpyAHLuerocn iiaceAeiiHH ropoAa. B kohuc anpcjin 1917 roAa B03HHKjia OoAbLueBHCTcxaH opraHH3a* uhh b flepoBCKe (K 3 b iA -O p A e). O chohhog h a po ee co cra bjihah pa6o- qne >KCJie3HOAopo>Kiioro Aeno. B coct3b opraHH3aii.HH bxoahah Tax>xe peBOJiiomoHHo HacrpoeHHbie coAAaTbi Kapayjibnofi KOMaHAW h 3-ro CnOnpcKoro nexoTnoro noAxa, nepeGpoiueHHoro b IlepoBCK b cbh3h c BoccraHHeM 191G roAa. Bo iviaBe opraHH3auHH ctoha pa6o4HH-cAe- capb B. E. AranoB. B opraHH3aumo bxoahah pado4He->KeAe3HOAo- pO>KHHKH BHTOpCKHH, K hAHMXOB, KpbHIieB, HepBHKOB, CeAHBepCTOB h Apyrne; coAAaTbi xapayAbHOH KOMaHAbi E pm o a o b , CanpyHOB; coa- AaTbi 3-ro CndHpcKoro nexonroro rioAxa >KepAeB, ryiuHH. FlepoBCKHe doAbineBHKH cTpeMHAHCb npe>KAe Bcero yxpcnHTb BJIHHHHe cpeAH paOOMHX H CJiyXOLHHX CTaHUHH IlepoBCK. y>Ke CaMhIH c|^aKT BcrynAeHHH MHornx nepeAOBbix pa6oqnx->xeAe3HOAopo>xmiKOB b GoAbiiieBHCTCKyio opraHH3au.HK) roBopHT o t o m , hto 3Ta paOoTa npo- Texa^a ycneuiHo. PaCoHHe->Kejie3HOAopo5KHHKH cranu onopoft nepos- CKHX GOAbWeBHKOB. C nepBbix >xe AHeft AeHTCJibHOCTH 6o abinebhkh c t p eMhahcb yxpe- nHTb CBoe noAo>xeHHe b CoBeTe paGonnx AenyTaToB, o6pa30RaBiueMca na CTanuHH nepoBCK. 3aBoeBhiBaTb bahhiihc cpeAH paGoqnx h cAy>xa- UJJ1X CTaHUHH IipHXOAHAOCb B 6opb6e C MCHbWCBHKaMH, bo rA a ee KOTOpbIX CTOHA M3UIHHHCT naCCa>KHpCKHX nOC3AOB fyAOBHM. 1 Tpy^b! y36eKCKoro c})HJiHavia HM3A, TauiKOHT, 1951, ctd. 31, 2 «Hama ra3eTa»— opraM TauiKCHTCKoro CoBera, 16 Mas J917 r. 16

HapnAy c paGotoh epeAH paGounx h cjiy>KaiUHx CTaHUHH FlepoBCK, CojibuieBHKH npiuana^H GoJibuioe 3HaueHHe paCoTe epeAH ccwiai 3-ro CnCupcKoro no;iKa. OcoCeHHo b3>kho 6biao ynpeuHTb bjihhhhg 60JIbIIieBHKOB epeAH COAAaT IIO.TKa. Hepe3 cojiAST — MjieiiOB cboch oprana3auHH nepoBCKHe 6o„ibiiic- BHKH CTpCMHJIHCb COSABTb peBOJHOUHOHHblH aKTHB B ITOAKy. Pa6oHHG- 6ojibineBHKH, nepeoueBuiHCb BBocimyio <J)op.My, npoHHKajiH b Ka3apMbi noAKa, npoBOAHJiH GeceAbi, pa3T>HCHHviH coJwaTaM iiMnepnaAHCTH- qecKHfi xapaKTep Boniibi, pacnpocTpaHHAH noAHTHHecKyio JiurepaTy- py, AHCTOBKH. Ba>Kiioe 3iiaireiiHe nepoBCKire 6oJibiiieBHKH npHAaBajui paGoTe epeAH pyccKofi h Ka3axcKoft GeAHOThi. CrpeMHCb yKperiHTb CBoe bjihh- iihc epeAH TpyAHiUHXCH KaaaxoB, ohh ycTanoBHJin cbh3b c MeciHofi AeMOKpaTHHCCKOH hirrejijihreHuhe h (yqiiTejib MGparHMOB, Banpa.MOB), Hepe3 kotoj)hix bcah arHTanHoiuiyio pa6oTy. K Mafo 1917 ro/ia ynperiHAocb nojio>KeHHe GojibiiiCBHKOB BiiyTpi« oft'beAHHeHHOH couHa.i-ACMOKpaTHHecKOH oprani!3auHH b HnMKeirre (M epuaeBe). Bo r.naBC komhtcth uepiiaeBCKOH oprami3anHH P C ^ P II v CTOHJI GOJIblUeBHK H. Mop030B.1 MHMKeHTCKHe doabllieBHKH npOBO- AH.th arHTauHonnyio paGoTy epeAH pyccnoro h Kopeimoro GeAHeft- niero Tpy/ifliucrocH HacejienHH, a T3K>Ke epeAH cojiabt mccthoto rap- HH3ona. Bojibmoe sHa^ennc ohh npHAaBajin paGoTe epeAH paGonHx ^ caHToiiHHiioro 33B0Aa, a Taio?<e x.noriKOOMHCTHTe.'ibnhix 3aB0A0B, tag iipeo6.iaAajin paGonne H3 Mecriibix HauHOiiaAbHocTew. v OGoGiuaa ACBTCAbHocTb HopnacBCKOH opraiunaIIHH PC / ip n , «H aiu a ra3CTa»— opraii TauiKenTCKoro CoBeTa — b hkdhg 1917 roAa nuca^a: «Oco6eHiio xapaKTepira ajih naiiJHx vcjiobhh paGoTa, ko- Topyio bca>'t TOBapniUH epeAH Kopeunoro HaceAeriHH. MncTbie npojie* Tapiril, HvHBymiie TO.lbKO CBOHM TpyAOM, OHH C HCKAfOHHTeJIbHblM HH- TepccoM, npn noMomu rrcpcBOAHHKOB, cayiuaroT h BocnpHHHMaioi HAG-H COUHaJI-AeMOKpaTHH... BcTymiB B pJIAbl napTHH, OHH HBAHIOTCJ? peBiiocTHhiMH HAenaMH, oxotho jiecyT cboh o6fl3aHHocTH. PaGoTa b 3tom HanpaBviGiiHH iicooxoAUMa h o6ecne’iHT Aymnnc pe3yjibTaTbi»2. HlIMKCHTCKHe GoJIbUieBIIKH, BCAH aTHTaUHOHliyiO pa6oTy CpCAH TpyAoaoro Kopeunoro nacejiemiH, CTpcMHjmcb BhicBoGoAHTb ero H3- noA bahhhhh 6yp>Kya3Hbix HauHOiiaAiicTOB. TaK, b Mae 1917 roAa OHH BblCTyHHAH C pa300JiaqeHHeM pCaKUHOHHOH CyiUHOCTH CypH<ya3- iio-nauHoiia.incTH'iecKOH opraiin3aiuiH «IUypoH-HcJiaMHH».3 Pa3o6- jiaqeiine 6yp>Kya3icbix HaunoHaAHCTOB cnoco6crBOBajio BbiCBo6o>i<Ae- HHK) H3-nOA HX BAHHHIIH TpyA«UJ.HXCH MaCC KopCHHOTO IiaCeJieHHH H Cbirpajio na>KHyK) poab b 3aBoeBanHH hx na cTopony 6o*TbineBHKOB. Hophfja f)OAbUieBHKOB Cbip-/lapbHHCKOH o6jiaCTH HMeAa TeM CoAbuiHH ycriGX, hto 0Ha npoxoAHAa b oGcTanoBxe Bee B03pacTaiomc- ro HGAOBOAbCTBa Mace aHTHHapOAHOH riOAHTHKOH TypKOMHTCTa BpG- 1 rio6c/ia Bcjihkoh OKTa6pi>CK0H couha wcthiiecKOH pcBO^uouHH b TypKecra- He, PocnojiHTH3AaT Y36eKCKOH CCP, 1947, CTp. 40—41. 2 TaM >ko. 3 Taw » e , CTp. 41. 2— 1201

MeHHoro npaBHTejibCTBa h Bee 6oJite oOocTpHBiueHCH miaccoBofl 6opb6u. Oahhm h3 npOHBjieHuft pocia neAOBOAbCTBa Macc iioahthkoA TypKKOMHTera nenaacb 6opb6a, Koxopyio noBejm TpyAHiUHCCH o6.ia* CTH npOTHB CTpCM.ieHHB TypKKOMHTCTa COXpaHHTb B Kpae CTapblfl uapcKHH armapaT h ero naApbi. B HcpHJieBCKOM (M hmkchtckom) ye3Ae c Be/iOMa TypKKOMHTeTa Ha AOJi>KiiocTb ye3AHoro KOMHccapa Owa Ha3HaoeH Oubiiihh ye3AHbifi HaqajibHHK noAno.TKOBiniK TpH3Ha. WepiifleacKHH C obct paOoMHX h co.iAaTCKHx A^nyTaTOB npHiuui nocTanoBJieHHe 06 oTCTpaiieHHH ot AOA>KHOCTH nOAnOJIKOBHHKa TpH3HbI KaK npCACTaBHTeJIH CTapon uap- CKoft BjiacTH. 0;iHaKO TypKKOMHTCT, B03I7Ia ba he mhiA KaAeroM LLIcn- KHiibiM. He nocHHTa.ncH c MneimeM MepHHCBCKoro CoBeTa. Bojiee toi o, oh iiameji Hy>KHhiM Ha3tiaonTb TpH3iiy KOMnccapoM Cbip-^apbHHcKOH o6jiacTH, a KOMHCcapow LIepiiHeBCKoro ye3Aa CTaji Oubuihh Ta\\iep.ia- HOBCKHH yMacTKOBblS npHCTaB HBaHOB. Tor^a MepuHCBCKHH C obct o(5paTHAC$i cnucbMOM npoTecrra b Tam- KeHTCKHH CoBer paOoMHX h coJiAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB.1 B CBH3H C 3THM MOKAy TaiilKCHTCKHM CoBeTOM H TypKKOMHTe- tom pa3ropejiacb aoboamio ocTpaa 6opb6 a. 28 anpejiH 1917 roAa TaiHKeHTCKHA CoseT BbiHec nocTaHOBJieHHe: «I\"IoTpe6oBaTb ot TypK­ KOMHTeTa IieMCAACHHOrO OTCTpaHCHHH OT AOA>KHOCTH oGAaCTHOrO KO- Muccapa TpH3Hbi h ye3AHoro KOMHccapa r. l IepHaeBa — ViBaHOBa»21. AnaAorHHHoe nocTanoBJieHHe buhcc h npoxoAHBiiiHft b anpejie 1917 roAa o6AacTHOH c”be3A CooeTOB Cbip-ZlapbHncKOH oOAacTH.3 Bee 3TO TOBOpHT o TOM, 4TO Aa>KC CoBCTbl, B KOTOpblX ncpBOlia- qaAbiio npeoCAaAaAH coiviamaTeAM, Bbiny^KAenhi ObiAii BbiCTymiTb noA na>KHMOM napoAnux Macc npoTHB hbho aHTHHapoAHbix achctbhh T ypKKOMHTeTa. 30 anpeAH ira oCmeM coOpaHHH TauiKCHTCKHe pa6oqHc->KCAe3Ho- AOpO>KIIHKH 06cyAHAH TCKyiAHH MOMeilT H noCTaiJOBHAH «Bbipa3HTb noAHoe HeAOBepue AeaTeAbHOCTH LUeriKHna*4. BbicTyiian npoTHB crpeMAeHHH TypKKOMHTeTa coxpaHHTb crapuft BoeiiHO-KOAOHH3aTopcKnft annapaT ynpaBAeiiHH, TpyAHiunecH TeM caMbiM Bbipa>KaAH npOTCCT npoTHB npoboahmoh BpeMeniibiM rrpaeH- TeAbCTBOM CTapoft UapCKOH KOAOHH3aTOpCKOH nOAHTHKH. BopbOa MCJKAy TaiuKCHTCKHM CoBeTOM h TypKKOMHTeTOM no Bonpocy o Ha- 3HaHGHHH TpH3Hbl H HfiaHOBa IIOCAy>KHAa HenOCpeACTBeHHbIM TOAH- KOM K TOMy, UTO 6 M3H 1917 TOA3 TypKKOMHTCT oOpaTHACH K BpeMeH- HOMy npaBHTCAbCTBy c npocbOoH 06 otct3bkc. B Hione 1917 roAa Cwa o6pa30Ban KoaAHiiHoimbiH TypKecTancKHfi komhtct BpeMCHiioro npa- BHTeAbCTBa c ynacTHeM MeiibLiieBHKOB h scepOB. 3 to 6 buio oahhm H3 npOHBACHHH KpH3HCa nOAHTHKH BpeMCHHOTO HpaBHTeAbCTBa 3AeCb, na AaAeKoft oKpanne P occhh. npHHHiia KpH3Hca 3aKAioMaAacb b tom, 1 TauiKeHTCKHfl o6.irocapxHB, <f>. 10, on. 1, a 30, ji. 148. 2 TaM >Ke, 10, on. 1, a. 2, n. 12. 3 TaM m<(\\ <J). 10, on. 1, a . 1, ;i. 10. 4 cHama ra3CTa», 3 Man 1917 r., Ns 9. 18

qTO HH OAHH H3 KOpeHHbIX BOnpOCOB peBOJUOIUM He 6bUl pa3peiuen B ncwib3y TpyAOBoro HapoAa. JIctom 1917 roAa nojio>KeiiHe TpyAHiHHxca M ace yxyAiiiHAOCb. ripoHcxoAHJiH BOJiHCHHH pa6oHHx-Ka3axoB Ha puCHbix npoMbicjiax Apa^bCKoro Mopa. B T&ierpaMMe «3 noceAKa ApaAbCKoe Mope, no- cjiaHHOH b o6wiacTHOH HcnojiHHTeJibHbiH komhtct, cooOmaAocb «0 roahom oTcyTCTBHH x.icGa, BCJiCACTBiie Hero Ha npoMbiCAax paCoTa AAH apMHH OCTaH3B/IHBaCTCH*1. 06oc.Tpjijiacb KJiaccoBaji Copb6a b cejie, ayjie, KHinjiaKC. HoAO/Ke- hhc TpyAamHxcH Macc b cejie, ayjie, KHLiuiaKe CbiJio oneiib TH>Ke*ibiM. Ban h KyjiaKH jkcctoko 3KCiijiyaTHpoBajiH hx. «Maiianbi,— roBo- pHJiocb b TejierpaMMe npeACTaBHTejien Kopemioro HaceAenna Ayjine- ATHHCKoro ye3Aa, nocjiaHHOH b o6jiacTHOH HcnOAhhtca biibih komh­ tct,— H3C CHAbHO npilTeCHHIOT H OtiKAaAblBaiOT HCnOCHJIbHbIMH HaAoraMH»21. K^accoean Copb6a npHHHMajia pa3AHHHbie c|)opMbi h Bbipa>KaAacb b 3axBaTe KpecTbanaMH Ka3eHiibix naci6nm, nopytfKC ;ieca, b oTKa3e noBHHOBaTbca cejibCKOH h bojiocthoh aAMHHHCTpaiuin. Eme 22 MapTa 1917 roAa ye3AHhiii HanajibHHK TauiKeiiTCKoro ye3Aa b cBoeM pariopTe nponypopy TauiKeHTCKOH cyAe6noft najiaTbi nncaji: «HacTpoeHHe h noBeAeHHe MecTHoro HacejieHiiH b cbh3h c nocjieAHHMH codbiTHHMH pc3Ko H3MeiiHJiocb». O h cooSmaji, HTO Aex- Kane oTKa3biBaioTCH noBHHOBaTbcn CTapofi cejibCKOH h boaoctiioii aAMHHHCTpaUHH, BbUlOAHHTb pa3AHHIIbie IIOBHHHOCTH.3 23 Man 1917 roAa Ha coBemaHHH, coaBaiiHOM odAacTiiuM komhc- capoM BpeMermoro npaBHTeJibCTBa, o6cy>KAaAacb TejierpaMMa, nojiy- HCHH3H H3 IleTpOrpaAa, B KOTOpOH rOBOpib’IOCb, HTO B « LIepHHeBCKOM ye3Ae yqacTKH, npHoCpeTeHHbie a a h Hy>KA apMHH h CAaHHbie noA nacTb6y cKOTa, 3axBaweHbi HacejieHHeM b cboc nojib30BaHHe». B cbh- 3H c 3thm coBemaHHe peuiHAo nocAaTh TyAa BOHHcnyio KOMaHAy.4 8 HioHfl 1917 roAa TypKKOMHTer BpeMCHHoro npaBHTcyibCTBa b CBOeM UHpKyAHpe Ha HMH Bcex O&iaCTHbIX KOMHCCapOB npH3HaB3A, HTO B «HCKOTOpblX MeCTHOCTHX TypHCCTaHCKOTO Kpafl HaCCACHHe, no- AyHHB Ha pa3AHHHbIX Co6paiIH5IX HCBGpHbie pa3T>HCIieHHH, HTO Bee 3cmjih oTHbiiie npHHaAAe>KaT eMy, nepecTaAo yrmaHHBaTb apeHAHbie nA3Te>KH b Ka3eiiHO-o6poHHbic craTbH, HapyujHAO AocTyn bo au na Ka3eHHbie 3eMjiH h crra.ao npoH3BOAHTb caMOBOAbiiyio nopyGxy A e c a »5. B ayjiax h KHLiiAaKax o6AacTH eraa a pa3BepTbiBaTbca <5opb6a CeAHOTbi iipoTHB 6ae» 3a bo Ay a ah opomeHHa 3eMe.ibHbi>x ynacTKOB, 3a 3eMAio. B Mae 1917 roAa 6eAHOTa ceAeima Cy3ax TypKeeraHCKoro ynacr- Ka HepufieBCKoro ye3Aa 3axBamna seMjiH 6aeB-MyAA.6 1 IIPH A KaaCCP. 146, on. I, a. 44, n. 196. 2 Tam >«e, ji. 98. ? Tpyziu y36cKCKoro 4>HnHana HM3JI, TauiKewr, 1951, crp. 40. * U rH A KaaCCP. <}). 146, on. 1, a . 44 ji. 4. 5 A. E. >Kh t o b . On KonouHanbHoro paCerBa k cou«anH3Myf TauiKeHT, 1939, CTp. 42. 8 «B cctmhk AH Ka3CCP», Ni 10, 1954, CTp. 34. 2 19

B motie 1917 roAa TauiKenTCKHH ye3AHbiH KOMHccap b cbohx ao - HeceiiHHx o6.iacTiio.My Kownccapy BpeMeiinoro npaBiiTeabCTBa yna- 3bmarfi Ha cepbeanoe ocjio>KiienHe b nonpocc o BOAonojib3oBaHHH b ByKHiiCKOH, AKKypraHCKofi n A6jibiKCK0H bojioctjix. B-iacTH BbniyvK- Aenu 6luih nocJia rb ryua Boopy>KeHHbix cojiabt.1 K^iaccoBbie npoTHBopc’nm ocoueHHo otfocTpHAHCb b pyccKHX cejie- hhhx. PyccKaa Aepenmi nee 3aMeTHec pacKa.TbiBa.aach Ha ABa npoTii- Bonojio>KHbix, aHTaroHHCTHTCCKHx .aarepB— KyAanecTBO h CeAHOTy, Me>KAy KOTopbiMH Bee 6o.'iee oCocTpa.iacb KJiaccoBaa 6opb6a. 3 tot paCKOJI npOHBHACH, B HaCTHOCTH, IipH Bbl60paX MeCTHbIX HCI10AHH- reAbiibrx KOMHreTOB. Tan, b ceAeiiHH OoKpouKe Ay.Tiic-ATiincKoro ye3Aa KyAa»iecTBo, >KeJian 3axBaTHTb b cboh pyKH pyKonoACTBo cejib- CKHM HCnOAHHTCJlbHblM KOMHTCTOM, BBOMIlbIM nopjIAKOM nOCTaBIIAO npeAccAaTe^eM cejibHcnojiKOMa cBoero CTaBAeniiHKa, oTCTpaiiMB ripe>KHero npcACCAaTCAH, H36paiiHoro bccm naceJieiiHeM. 0 6 3T0M co- o6ui.aji b CBoeM 3aBBJieHHn dbiBiiinft npeACCAareAb cejibCKoro Hcnoji- HHTevTbiioro KOMHTeTa Ha hmb AyjiHe-ATHHCKoro ye3Auoro komhc- capa: « . . . b nameM cejic IloKpoBKe 3ainJin SecnopsiAKH m e>KAy 6oraTbiMH h CeAHbiMH rpa>KAaiiaMH h 6 ora ia a qaerb na3HaHHjia ceCe npeAceAa- Tejia 6e3 o6w,ero corviacnn oCmecTBa h 6c3 Haananeiina 3aK0HHbix B u 6 o p o B »21. OCocTpeHHc KAaccoBoft 6opb6bi h pocT peBOJiiouHOinioro ab h >kc- hhb HapoAHbix wacc b ropoAax, ceAax, ayjia x h KHiiuiaKax Cbip- JlapbHHCKoii o6.riacrH, KaK h bccto npaa, co3AaBaAH 6.raronpHHTHbie yCAOBHH AAfl ACHTeJIbJIOCTH 6oJIbUieBHKOB. 21— 27 woHfl 1917 roAa coctohach I I Cbe3A TypKecraHCKoft opra- HH3auHH P C A P n . Ci>e3A cra-ii apenoft ocTpo/i 6opb6bi 6ojibWCBHKOB C MCHbmeBHKaMH no OCIIOBHblM BOnpOCaM peBOJUOUHH. /leAcraThi cbe3Aa, TamKeiiTCKHe CojibiueBHKH H. WyMHjioB, B. JIshihh, pyKOBOAHTeAh MepusiencKon ( LlHMKeiiTCKofi) rpynnu CoAb- uiobhkob II. Mopo30B h /jpyrne, pa3o6aaTaAH corjiaiuaTejibcityio no- AHTHKy MenbineBHKOB. B npoTHBOBec corAainaTeAbCKOMy CoAbuiHiicT- By CT>C3Aa 6oAbinCBHKH BHeCUH CBOIO peSOJIIOUHIO o IICAOBCpiIH Bpe- MCHHOMy npaBHTeAbCTBy, o KOH(|)HCKaUHH nOMeiAHHbHX SOMejIb B noAb3y TpyAOBoro AexKaHCTBa h rojiocoBa.m npoTHB MenbuieBiicr- ckoto npeAvio>Keima o noAAep>KKe «3aftMa CBodoAbi»3. OAHano xoth 6oAbuieBHKH Ha II CT>e3Ae TypKecTaiiCKofi oprann3a- AHH P C A P n BbICTynaAH ca MOCTOHTCAbHO no OCHOBHblM BOnpOCaM peBOJiiouHH, ohh lie riocTaBHAH Bonpoc 06 opraiiH3amioinioM pa3pbi- Be c MeiibineBHKaMH, 06 o6pa30BaniiH caMocTOHTe/ibiioH CoJibuieBHCT- ckoh opraHH3auHH. BonpeKH yica3aHHJiM U K napTHH, 6oAbmesHKH TypnecTaiia npoAOJDKaAH HaxoAHTbcn b o6ihhx c MenbiueBHKaMH oftbeAHHeiiHUX counaji-ACMOKpaTHTecKHx opraiiH3anHHx. 3 r o Cea- 1 UTHA Ka3CCP, 4>. 146, on. 1, a. 44, Jin. 65, 101. 2 Ta-M >ko, n.. 43, .a.i. 302, 303. 3 TpyAbC YaCcKCKoro (J)H^Ha.ia HM3JI, TauiKeHT, 1951, crp. 41. 20

ycjioBHo oTpHuaTejibHo cKa3HBajiocb b nocACAyiomeft OopbOe, Mema- jio pa3o(5viaHennK) corjiamaTejibCKon nojiHTHKH MeiibineBHkob. rio c jie HiojibCKHX coCwthh b CTpaHe ObicTpo Ha3peBa.i peBOAiomi- OHlIblH KpH3HC K3K B UCIITpe, T3K H H3 MeCTaX. 5yp>Kya3HH, COCpCAO- TOMHBIIiaH BCIO B/I3CTb B CBOHX pyKaX, nOBeJia 0>KCCTOlIGHHyK) 6opb6y aa yKpcnjiciiHC CBoero CAHHOBAacTHH. OHa ObiCTpo iiiAa no nyTH noA- TOTOBKH KOIITppCB0.1K)UHOHHOrO nCpCBopOTa, pe3>VlbTaTOM KOTOpOrO AOA>kiio Gbivio aBHTbca ycTanoBJieinie b P occhh Boeiiiioii a h KTaTypbi. 3 ra 6opb6a Hauuia CBoe oTpaw em ie h b TypKecraiie. B ccpeAHHe hiojih 1917 ro;ia Ha npoxoAHBiiiCH KpacooH Kompcpen- hhh npeACTaBHTejien oG.iacrirwx C obctob pa6oiinx h coaaatckhx AenyTaTOB TypKecraHCKoro Kpaa scepo-MeHbiueBHCTCKHft Kpaesoft Co- BeT iiocTaBn.a Bonpoc o noAHOft ahkbhasuhh caMocTOflTe.ibiiocTH Co- BeTOB h o nepeAane Bceft noAHOTbi b a3cth TypKKOMHTeTy.1 14 hiojih 1917 roAa 3Ta KpacBaa KOHcjjcpeHUHn, b 6o;ibiUHHCTBe cbocm acepo- MeiibineBHCTCKaH, BbiCKaaaAacb 3a eAHHOBAacTHc BpeMCHHoro npaBH- Te*TbCTBa h ero opranoB, 3a hx noAAep>KKy h coTpyAHiwccTBo c hhmh CoaeTOB.2 JIo 3to 6 m ao a h h ib nepBbiM maroM b 6opb6e 3a yKpenjicime cahho- B.iacTH5i 6yp>Kya3HH b TypKCCTane. 20 aBrycra 1917 roAa Bpeweii- Hoe npaBHTe.ibC.TBo H3Aa.io nocTaHOB.ie.HHC 06 ynpoKAenwH b Typne- ct3hc a o a >khocth rcnepaAbHoro KOMHecapa BpeMeiinoro npaBHTejib- CTBa, KOTopoMy AOA>Kiia ObiTb ncpeAaHa bcji noAHOTa BAacTii. rio cyiuecTBy sthm ycraHaBjiHBa.iacb AoA>KiiocTb AHKTaTopa. 3 to ObLia y>Ke npaMaii noArOTOBKa k AHKBiiAamm C obctob b T ypnecTaiie. Mo (5yp>Kya3HH hc yAa.iocb 3aAyniHTi> CoBCTbi. PeBOAiouHonirbiH KpH3HC Ha3pcBaA. Ba>KHoe 3HaneHHe b peBo.iionHoini3HpoBaiJHH Ha- poAiiwx M a c c , yi<penjieiiHH poAH h 3na*iciiHH C obctob, hx OoAbiueBH- 3aiiHH cbirpa.ia OopbOa c kophiiaoblahhoh. 3 t 3 OopbOa HauiJia CBoe orpa>KeHHe h b Cbip-^apbHiicKOH o6a a cth. 29 aorycTa 1917 roAa c npoTecTow npoTHB KoiiTppeBo.iiomioiiHoro KOpHHAOBCKOrO MHTOKa BblCTyilHA riepOBCKHH CoBeT paOoHHX H COA- AaTCKiix AcriyTaTOB. rioAymiB TeAerpaMMy o koiitppcboaiouhohhom BbiCTynAenHH KopHHAOBa, CooeT nbinec pe30Aiomno, b KOTopoii tobo- pHAoeb: «B peM eifnoe npaBHTCAbCTBO... iic>kh3HChho..., lie hm ecT bo3- M0>KH0CTH OopOTLCH C KOHTppCBOAfOUHCfl. EAHIICTBCHHblH BbIXOA H3 co3AaBLuerocH noAO/Kennsi — noAHora barcth CoBeTaM c o aa3tckhx, paOoHHX 11 KpecTbHHCKHX AenyTaTOB»3. Ha CAeAyiomnii a ^iib, 30 aB- rycTa, k pcsoAiouHn riepoBCKoro CoBCTa paOowHx h coAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB npncoeAHHHAHCb coaa^tli rapHH3ona b koaipicctbc 1 500 1 B. A. C a n e n i H a . Boph6a 3a c03Aa»we coBeTCKoro rocyaapcTBeHiioro annapaTa b TypnccrraHe, AH Y3CCP, 1956, CTp. 72. 2 noaroTOBKa h npoaeAeHne Be^HKOH OKTHCpbcjcofi couMajmcrHiecKoft peBo- .’iiouhm b YuCcKHCTaHe, TauiKCHT, 1947, CTp. 80— 81. 3 noGeaa BejiHKofi Okth6pi.cko& couna/iHCTH'iccKofi peBOjnonwH b TypKecrra- ne. focnojiHTH3jiaT y36cKCKofi CCP, 1947, CTp. 32.

qcjioneK, >Ke;ie3H(w>po)KHbie paCoTOe h qacTb rpa>K/iaH FlepOBCKa, t. e. pyccKan h Ka3axcKan 6e/iHOTa. O 6 u1.ee codpanwe coJUiaT IlepoBCKoro rapHH3oua h padoqnx b KOJiHuecTBe 808 qejioBCK npHiisuio pc30JiiouHio, b kotopoh Tpe6oBajio ot B U .H K CoBeTOB h HeTporpaacKoro CoweTa padoqwx h co-n/iaTCKHX AenyTaToB cKopeiiiuero co3UBa BccpoceiiHCKoro CTje3.ua Cobctob pa- Comix, coJinaTCKHX h KpecTbHHCKHX ^enyTaTOB ahh pa3pemeiiHH >KH3HeHllO Ba>KHbIX BonpocoB.12 29 aiirycTa 1917 ro/ia n cbb3h c nojiyqeHHCM no TeJierpa<J>y coo6- meilHB O BbICTyriJICIIHH K.opilH.nOBa COCTOHJICH MIIOrOJIlOUHWft MH* thht patioHHX, co-iiiaT rapmi30iia, pyccKoft H Ka3axcKOH 6gahotn ua CTamiHH TypnecTau. M hthht npiuisiji pemeHHe bccm, kbk oflHOMy, BCTaTb ua aamHTy pcbojuouhh. 28 aBrycTa coGpaune p a 6 oq«x rjiaBHbix >Kejie3HOAOpo>KHbix Ma- CTepcKnx TauiKeiiTa no ^oKJia^y 6ojibmeBHKa A. nepuiHHa o TCKy- meM MOMeuTe npminjio pe30JiioiiHio, b kotopoh ocynHjio KOHTppeBO- jnouHOHHoe BbiCTyruieHne KopHHJiOBa h TpeGosajio HeMejuieHHofi nepejxaqH BJiacm b pynn C obctob. B tot >Ke zieHb co6panne coji/iaT 6-h p o ra 2-ro CH6npcKoro 3anac- hoto nojina TaniKCHTCKoro rapHH30iia, ocyflHB KOHTppeBOJiioixHOHHoe BbTCTyiUieHHe KopHH^OBa, 3aBBHJ10 B CBOCft p03OJIIOHHH, HTO 6-fl pOTa He ABHHcrca c Mecra 6e3 chhkiihh CoBera w k 3TOMy >Ke npH3biBaeT Bee BOHHCKHe qacTH.3 22 aBrycTa no HHHUHaTHBe >Kejie3HOjK>po>KHbix p a 6 o q »x b TamKeiiTe coctoh;ich MaccoobiH mhthht, Ha kotopom npn- cytctbobajih pa6oqne->Kejie3HO/iopo>KHHKH h cojmaTbi. M hthht npo- rneji non jio3VHroM 6opb6u c KOHTppeBO-iiouHeH.4 30 aBrycTa ua 3ace/iaiiHH TaujKeiiTCKoro CoBeTa ot hmchh couh- aji-/ieMOKpaTHqecKoft cj)paKUHH 6hiJia npe/yio>KeHa pe30JiiouHH, Tpe- 6ytomaa nepexona Been BvTbcth k CoBeTam.5 3 r a pe30JiiouHH 6hiJia BHeceHa no HHHUHaTHBe 6ojibineBHKOB, no/wep>KaiiHhix MeHbiueBHKa- MH-HiiTepHanHOHajiHCTaMH. Ona 6biJia oTKJiOHeHa He3HaqHTCJibHbiM CojibuJHiiCTBOM rojiocoB (44 qjieHa TaiiiKeirrcKoro CoBCTa rojiocoaa- jio 3a 6ojibmeBHCTCKyio pe3ojnomno, 48 — npoTHB)6. Bee 3TH cj)aKTU OBHAeTeJIbCTBOBajIH O peBOJIK>HHOHH3HpOBaHHH HapoAHbix Macc, o poerre OojibmeBHCTCKHx HacTpoeHHH cpe^H hhx. Ha3peBaiiHe peBOjnonHOHHoro KpH3Hca b TypnecTane npoHBHJiocb b ceHTnOpbCKHx co6biTHHx b TauiKeHTe. B KOHue aBrycTa — naqajie ceiiTfiOpa no-ioweiine b TypnecTaue eme 6ojiee ocjiOKHiuiocb. 0 6 m aa pa3pyxa xo3*iHCTBa CTpaHbi, aoctht- 1 I\"Io6e;ia BejiHKoft OKTHtfpbCKoft couHajmcTH'iecKofi peBOjnoumi b TypKecra* He. rocno<iHTH3iiaT y.s(5e«cKori CCP, 1947, crp. 33. 2 TaM we. 3 TaM we. crp. 105. 4 B. A. C a n e r h h a. BopbCa 3a co3AaiiHo coBeTCKoro rocyAapcTBeHnoro annapara o Typ^ecraHe, CTp. 83. 5 rio6e.ua BejiHKoii OKTaGpbCKoft couHa^HCTHqecKofi peBojiiouHH b TypKecTa- «e, rocno.THTH3AaT y36eKCKofl CCP, 1947, CTp. 34. 6 TaM we, ctp. 214. 22

man k cchth6 p k > 1917 roAa qyAORHiHHbix pa3MepoB, 3axBaTH.ia h TypKecTaH. Oco6eHHO ocTpbiM 6biJi npoao boai>ctbehhum Bonpoc. B aBrycTe 1917 roAa OpCH6yprcKHfi npoAOBOAbCTBCHHUH otaca coo6- maji: «H 3 TypnccTaHa nojiynena TejierpaMMa o tom, uto TaM 3a ot- cyTCTBHGM xAe6a HacTynH.ia iiacTOJiiuan roAOAOBKa. FIoAO>KCHne OT4asniuoe»1. B CBJI3H C TH>KCAbIM npOAOBOJIbCTBeilllhlM nOAOJKCHHCM B TOpOAaX npOHCXOAHAH BOAHCHHH pa6oHHX, CO.ia.aT, HaUHOHaJIbHOft (50AM0TIJ.21 P ocjio ne^oBoabCTBO TpyAOBoro KpecTbancTBa, KOTopoe ycHAHBa- jio 6 opb6y 3a 36MJIK) ii BOAy. 5 ceirrjr6pfi 1917 roaa o6.ia.CTMoh ko- MHecap Cbip-^lapbHHCKOH o&nacTH nncaji b onpywHoft cyA: «CoBep- UiaiOTCB 3aXB3TbI 3CMCAb, BOAbI, lie HCIIOAHHIOTCB 06fl3aTeAbHhie IlO- CTaiioBjieHHH, hc Hcno.iHJiioTCJi nopy^eiiHH cyAe6iiux mcct h Boo6me uapHT noAHan anapxna»3. HeAOBOAbCTBo HapoAHbix Macc nojiHTHKoii TypKKOMHTeTa Bee 6oAee napacTa.io. B 3Toft o6cTanoBKe 6o.ibmeBiiKH TaiuKeiiTa eiue 6o.iee ynopno noBeJiH 6opb6y 3a nepeAany babcth b pyKH Cobctob paGownx h coa- A3TCKHX ACnyTaTOB. riOA BJIHHHHCM 60AbUieBHK0B H B CBH3H C peB0A10HH01IH3Hp0BaHH- eM napoAHbix Macc paciunpcHHoe 3aceAaHHe HcnoAKOMa TaiuKenT- CKoro ropoACKoro CoaeTa npHHHAo pciucHne o coaaaiiHH PeaoAiouH- oHHoro KOMHT-eTa h npoBeACHHH 12 ceHTH6pa b TamKeHTe MaccoBofi AeMOHCTpauHH noA Jio3ynroM « B ch BJiacTb CoBeraMl>. 12 ceHTn6pH b A.ieKcairApoBCKOM napne coctohaca mecTHThicAA- Hhlfl MHTHIir pa6oHHX, C0AA3T H TOpOACKOH 6eAMOTbI. Ha MHTUHre GbiAa npHHHTa pe30AiomiA, b KOTopofi 6 w a h BbiABHHy- Tbi CAeAyiomne peBOAioiiHOHHbie TpeGoBaHHH: HeMeA-iennaH peKBH3H- UHA RCCX IiaXOAHIUHXCH y KanHTaAHCTOB npeAMeTOB H IipOAyKTOB ncpBofi hco6xoahmocth, ocymecTBJieHHe noAHoro padoHcro koiitpoaa HaA npOH3BOACTBOM H paCMpeAe.ieHHeM npOjyKTOB, HailH0H3AH3aUHA KpynHbix 6 aHKOB, HeMeAJieiiHbrft nepexoA Bcex 3eMejib 6e3 BbiKyna b pyKH TpyAOBOrO KpeCTbAMCTBa H Ap. B pe30AK)UHH nOA^epKHBaAaCb Heo6xoAHMocTb nepCAanii Been nojinoTbi BAacTH b pyKH C obctob pa- 60AHX, C0AA3TCKHX H KpCCTbAHCKHX AenyTaTOB.4 MHTHIir H36paA BpeMeHHblft PeBOAIOlZHOHHhIH KOMHTeT B COCTaBe 14 qcjioBeK: 5 GoAbiueBMKOB, 5 «.ieBbix» 3cepoB, 2 MeHbuicBHKa-«nii- TepnamioHajmcTa» h 2 anapxncTa.5 B h a H36pan HOBhift HcnoAkom TauiKeHTCKoro CoBeTa b cocTaBe 16 «jieBbix» acepoa, 5 MeHbiiieBH- KOB-«HHTepliaHHOHaAHCTOB» H 6 GOAbUieBHKOB.6 PeBKOM OCymeCTBHA 1 «BecTHHK AH Ka3CCP», H* 10(115), 1954, <rrp. 33. 2 rio^roTOBKa h npoBeaeHne BejiHKOM OKTHOpbCKon comiaAHCTHweCKoft peBO- juoiihh b y36eioicTaHe, TaujKCHT, 1947, CTp. 163. 3 LU'HA, 145, on. 1, a. 1092, cb. 95. 4 FloOejia Be^THKoft OjmiOpscKofi couHa/iHCTHnecKofi peBoniouHH b TypKecra- He, rocno^HTH.iAaT y36eKCKOH CCP, 1947, errp. 56. 5 Tpy;u>i yaOeKCKoro (J)HJi»aAa HM3JI, TaniKeHT, 1951, CTp. 51. 6 B. B. C a ii e r h h a. BopbOa 3a c03AaiiHe cobctckoto rocyAapcTBeHHoro armapaia b TypKecraHe, CTp. 92. 23

p*m peBOJiionHOHHbrx MeponpH^THH h Bbicrynaji KaK opraH BJiaCTH. O/iHano cenTH^pbCKHe co6biTHH b TaiiiKoiiTe lie 3aBepuiHJiHCb no6e- AOH chji peBcwiiouHH. IlpHMHHbi 3Toro 6biJin cjiCAyioume: 1. BojibuueBHKaM T a i u K e i i T a ire y u a j i o c b B3HTb b cboh p y n n p y K o - BO/ICTBO PeBKOMOM H BHOBb H36paHIIbIM HCnO^KOMOM TaIIJKeHTCKOrO CoBera. 2. BoJibiiiHHCTBo PeBKOMa h noBorococTaBa HcnojiKOMa TauiKdiT- CKoro CoBGTa 6u.ao 3cepo-MCiii>meBHCTCKHM h AOHCTBooajio neAocra- touho pCLUHTevibHO. Jlo-Bepnfl npaBHTejibCTny KepeiiCKoro,1 acepo- MeHbineBMCTCKoe fSojibiiiHHCTBo PeBKOMa h HcnojiKOMa ire noBejio noaaeAOBaTejibHoH h peiunTejibiroA (5opbf>hi 3a jiHKBHAaunio TypKKo- MHTeTa — oprana BpeMeiiHoro npanuTeJibCTna b Kpac, 3a cocpejio- ToqeHHe BceA nojmoTbi BJiacTH b cbohx pyKax.21 3. TypKKOMHTeT, Be^a riojiHTHKy jia B irp o B a im u , co6npa.'i chjibi p a 3rp o M a p e B O Jiio im o m ib ix padomix h c o a /ia T .3 4. Ilpe^aTejibCKyio iio3huhio 3aimji KpaeBoA Codct patfonnx h cojmaTCKHx AenyTaTOB.4 H3-3a npe/iaTejihCTBa KpaeBoro CoBCTa mmo- rne MecTiibie CoiieTbi tfhijin iieripaRHJihiio Hii(|)opMnpoBaiibi o co6hi- thbx n TaiuKdiTe h ho. bcc aKTHBHo BbicTynHjiH 3a no;mcp>KKy peBO- jiiouHoimoro TauiKeHTa. 5. BpeMcimoo npaBHTe,ribcTBo bo rjiaRe c scepoM KepeiiCKHM 3KTHBHO BbICTynH.lO IipOTIIB pOBOJIIOUHOHHOrO TaniKeiiTa, nocjiaB Ty^a KapaTCJibHyio SKcncAHimio bo rviaBe c ne^aBHo na3na«ieiinbiM rene- pajibHbiM KoMiiccapoM TypnecTaiicKoro i<pan KopoBHUCHKo. ripn no- MOmH 3TOH SKCIie^HUHH CeiIT5l6pbCKOe BblCTynjieHBO TaiUKCHTCKIIX pafiounx fihi.io no^anvieiio. CeiiTaG pbCKH e c o 6biTHH b TaniKCHTe, n o K a 3aB iiJire y r j iy 6jie im e p e n o jiio im o iiH o ro KpH3Hca, poc.T 6o p b 6bi T p y A H iim x c n 3a BJiacTh C o - bctob, o K a 3a.iH 6o jib iu o e peBO JiiouH oiiH 3Hpyjom .ee bjth hhh p. na C b ip - ZlapbH H CKyio otf.nacTb h secb T ypu ecT an cK u A Kpaft h h t u ijih b neM >k h b o A otkjihk. T p y A m u iie c ji Ile p o B C K a , A y jm e - A T b i, M u M K e irra h A p y r n x r o p o jo B bctaj ih Ha CTopoHy peBO Jiiou H oH H oro T a u iK C H T a . B TejierpaM M e, nocjiaim oA corjiam aTcjibCKHM K p aeB biM ConeTOM rene- p a jib iio .M y KOMHecapy K o p o B n n e H K o , ro B o p u jio c b , mto «F Iopobck Jlo tlichhh HCJioBeK BbicTynH ;i 3a no;uiepx<Ky T a n iK O H ra , n o cjivxaM, ( b ) riep o B C K e nyTb p a 3of)paH »5. Ile p o B C K H e >Kejie3iiOAopo>KiiHKH h nepe/iOBbie coJi/iaTbi M e c T iio ro r a p im 30iia /ie fic T 3 H T e jib iio BcnuecKH npeiiHTCTBOBajm npo/iBH>Keimio KapaTCJibnoA 3i<cncnnuHH re iie p a jia K o p o B H u e im o . C 3toh u e jib io hmh 6biJi p a 3o 6 p a n n yT b h ot c o c T a e a o T n e ru ie iih i jw a B a ro n a c opy>KneM. 26 ceiiTntfpn 1917 roaa b IlepoBCKe cocTonjiacb Maimc))ecTauHn cojmaTOK c jio3ynraMH Ha 3iiaMeHax: «^ a iiT e xjie6a ro.io;mbiM Ae- 1 noaroTOwca h npoBCAemie BejrnKofi OKTaCpbCKoft couHajuicTmecKOH pe- bojiioumm n VafieKHCTaHe, TaiuKcHT, 1947, crp. 141, 142, 143 2 TaM >«e, cTp. 141. 3 TaM >Ke, CTp. 151. 4 TaM we, CTp. 125— 126, 135, 138. 5 LirA O P y 36ckckoh CCP, (J). 1613, a - l*a, on. 1, ji. U9. 24

thm!> «BepriHre nauiHx My>Keft, aojioH BofiHy!*. MaHH(|)ecraiiHH 3a- KOH^HJiacb mhthhtom paGounx, coaast rapHH30Ha h MecTHofi Ka3ax- ckoh GeAHOThi, Ha kotopom 6ujia npmiaTa pe3<wuomifl c Tpe6oBaHHeM HeMeA-'ieHHoro ocBoGojKAeHHH apecTOBaHHbix GoAbUjeBHKOB, nepeAaqn BjiacTH HapOAy h npeKpameiiHH bohhli na ochobc AeMOKpaTHuecKoro MHpa.2 IlpHBeTCTBeHiiyio TeAerpaMMy npncnaji b aApec TaiirKCHTCKoro Hcno-iKOMa AyjiHC-ATHHCKHfl CoBeT paGounx ii coAAarcKHX iieiiyTa- tob.2 Kor^a b AyAHe-ATe crajio h3bcctho o cenTiiGpbCKHX coGljthax b TauiKeHTe, AyAue-ATHHCKHu ConeT paGoqnx h cojia&tckhx AenyTa- tob iia 3accAaHHH 13 ceirrnGpn 1917 rOAa pernha nocjraTb b TauiKCHT TeAerpaMMy c BbipaweuneM T O B apum ecK oro AOBepna h ACJiernpoBaTb QBoero upeACTaBHTeAB.3 3 tot AejieraT, t . XmcacbckhA, ycraHOBHA CBfl3b C GOAb llie B H K a MH TaiFIKeilTa H BCTynHA B dOAblllGBHCTCKyiO nap- thjo. no B03BpameHHii ero co II KpaeBoro ci>e3Aa Cobgtob, yqacTHH- kom Koroporo oh Glia, b naqajie okthGph 1917 roAa 6hia a co3Aana 6oAbiucBHCTCKaH (J)paKUHH b AyAiie-Athhckom ConeTe paGounx h 6coAAaTCKHX AenyTaTos. nepBouauaAbHo (JipaKUHfl cocTOHAa H3 ue- AoneK. BcKope ona BbipocAa ao 16 neAOBeK, H3 KOTopux 5 bbabahcl npeACTaBHTeAJTMH Kopemioro naceAenHH.4 C o 3A aH H e 6oAbuicBiicTCKOH (j)paKUHH b A y A iie - A t h h c k o m C o bctc B IiepiIOA Ha3pCBaiIHH pCBOAIOUHOHHOrO KpH3HCa HMeAO tiOJIbWOe 3Ha- uemio.. O p ra H H 3onaniiiH Cb, 6oA binem iKH p a 3BcpnyAH e m e G oA biuyio noAHTHHCCKyio paGoTy b M accax, yKpennAH cboo noA O K ein ie b CoBeTe. Ha CTopony pcBOAiomioHiioro TauiKeHTa bct3ah coAAaThi 11hm- KGHTCKoro rapHH30Ha. B TGAerpaMMe, iiocAaiinou na hmji PeBKowa, roBopifAocb: «npHBeTCTBye.\\i ncpcxoA JViacTH k Conery paGounx h coJi^aTCKHx AenyTaToe, H3dpaHHe k o m aHAyJOiHHm BOftcKaMii nopy- RHKa ncpcf>HAbeBa, x<e/iaem n/ioAOTBopHoft paGorn jia G.naro peBo- AiouHOHHo-pecnyGAHKafiCKofi apMHif h AeMOKpaTH^ecKiix opraimaa- UHH(»5. CoJIAaTbl rapHH30Ha pCIllHJIH KOMaHAHpOBaTb B TaiiJKeHT npeAcraBHTeAA— coAAara-c{)poHTOBHKa K oBajieBa.6 B sto Bpe.MA ocf>H- uepcTBo ynopHO pacnpocTpaHHAo cpeAH coAAar cjiyxn, hto b Tam- kghtg «KyMKa aoaimopncTOB» peuiwia b3htl BAacTb b c b o h pyKH. Mcpc3 HCCKOAbKO AHeft ot KoBajresa Gu ao noAyqeno rwcbMo, b koto- poM cooCmaAocb, mto «n e GanAa xoner B3HTb BAacTb b pyKH, a dyKBaAbno Bee paGomie^.7 B tot H<e jieub BC'icpoM coctohaocb coGpa- hhg coAAaT rapiiH3ona, Ha kotopom 6 u ao orAamcHo hhclmo KooaAe- Ba o coGbiTHHX b TauiKeHTe. CoGpaiine ripniiHAo pe30AFomno, npHBeT- cTBoBaBinyio nepexoA bahcth b TauiKeHTe b pyKH paGounx h coAAar. 1 <cHcropHK-MapKCHCT», 1941, W2 4, crp. 105. 2 HoCeja BoahkoA OKT*i6pbcKoft couHajiircTHvecKoii peno^iiounu b TypnecTa- we, roc.ioyu«TH3AaT V36eKcKori CCP, 1947, CTp. 60. 3 AJKaMGy^CKHH o6.irocapxi!3, cj) 11, on. 2, a . 4, cb. 1, -t. 3-o6, a . 5. 4 IlapTapxHB UK KUK, 4>. 811, ea. xp. 563. 5 rioOeAa Be.nHKofi OKrnOphcKOH conHa.iHcmqocKOH pcbo-uoumh b TypKecra- K«, rOCUOAHTH3AaT y36eKCKofi CCP, 1947, CTp. 60. 6 IlapTapxHB UKK11K, 4>. 811, ca . xp. 546. 7 TaM we. 25

Bee 9TH (jiaKTbl CBHACTCAbCTByK)T O TOM, hto >xeAe3HOAopo>KHbie paCoMHe, coAAaTbi rapHH30»a, TpyAHiUHeca ropo/iOB Cbip-JlapbHH- CKofl o6.iacTH 6hah Ha cTopoHe peBOJUOUHOHHoro TaiuKeHTa. CeHT5l6pbCKHe COdbiTHA B TaiUKCHTC, Hailie^llIHe >KHBOH OTKJIHK BO BCCH Cbip-ilapbHHCKOH OfoiaCTH, npHBCAH K A^AbHeHIIJCMy pa3Me- >KeBaHHK) dopiomuxcn cha. Boupyr TauiKeiiTCKHx pa60MHX h cojiast, IIOAHHBUIHXCH nOA pyKOBOACTBOM 60AblAeBHKOB Iia 6opb6y 3a BJiaCTb CoaeTOB, cnAaqHBaAHCb peBO-iiounoHiihie chahi Bceii odAacTH. B HanaAC okthoph 1917 roAa pCBOAiounomioe abhwchhc b Tam- KeHTe npoAOA>KaAo napacTaTb. IIoKa3aTeAeM pocTa peBCAiouHOHiio- ro C03H3HHa Macc HBHAHCb MHOrOHHCAeilHbie MHTHHTH padOHHX H coAAaT, npHUHMaBLUne pe30AK>u.HH o HCAonepnH BpeMeHHOMy npaBH- Te.nbCTBy, o riOAAep>KKe TauiKeHTCKoro CoBeTa h hcoCxoahmocth ne- pexoAa Bcefi BAacTH b pyxii CoBe-roB. 13 oKTa6pa codpanne padonux 3aB0Aa EMeAMnioBa h CopoKHHa eAHHOAyumo Bhipa3HAo cBoe HeAOBepne BpeMennoMy npaBHTeAbCTBy h BbiCKa3aAocb 3a HeMeAAeiiHbiA ncpexoA babcth k CoBeTaM. 1 23 OKTaGpa padonne (j^adpuKH TamcaM h 3aB0Aa ToAbA^epr b IIpHHHTOH Ha Co6paHHH pe30A!OUHH IlHCaAH: « l . TpedyeM nepeAaHH Bceii BAacTH CoBeTaM padowix, coaa3t - CKHX H KpeCTbBIICKHX AenyTaTOB. 2. HeMCAJieHno TpedyeM nepcMHpuH c wauiUM BHeimiHM sparow K npOTeCTyeM npoTHB lipoAOA>KeHHH BOHHbl. 3. TpedyeM nepeAawn 3eMAH KpecTbanaM 6e3B03Me3AH0». Pa6oHHe Bbipa3HAH neAOBepHe 6yp>Kya3HOMy BpeMeHHOMy upa- BHTeAbCTBy, Tax xax «c o aha iiepeBopoia b P occhh h no nacTOfuu.ee BpeMH OHO He CACA3AO HH OAHOrO Uiara B lIOAb3y peBOAIOUMOHHorO HapoAa»12. Muoro'iHCAeinibie AoxyMeHTbi3 CBHACTeAbCTByioT o neyKAoimoM pocre GoAbmeBHCTCKHX HacrpoeiniH cpeAH coAAaT TamKeHTCKoro rap- HH30H3, b oco6eHHocTH cpeAH coAAaT 1-ro h 2-ro C h6hpckhx aanac- iibix noAKOB, TamKCHTCKoro apTHAAepuficKoro CKAaAa, TamKeirrcKOH KpeilOCTHOH apTHAAepHHCKOH pOTbl. PeBOAiOUHOIIH3HpOBai!He HapOAHhIX Macc C03A3BaA0 yCAOBHA AAA B3ATHA BAacTH CoBeTaMH. OAiiaxo cooTHOiucune cha b TamKeiiTe CblAO TaKOBO, HTO MHpiIblM nyTCM B3ATb BJiaCTb CblAO lieB03M0>KH0. KoHrppeBOAiouHA pacnoAaraAa 3Aecb 3HaHHreAbiihiMH CHAaMH h y>xe b nepnoA ceHTuCpbCKHx coSbiTHfi nepeuiAa b HacryruieiiHe npoTHB cha peBOAK)u,HH. Byp>Kya3HH nepBasi npHMeiiHAa HacHAwe k pcboaio- UHOHHblM paOOHHM H COAAaT3M. MCXOAH H3 3TOrO, T3IIIKeHTCKHe 60Ab- UJCBHKH, BbinOAITAA yKa3ailHH U K dOAbUJCBHCTCKOH napTHH, TOTOBH- AHCb K BOCCT3HHIO. 25 OKTaCpa (7 Hoadpn) 1917 roAa nodeAHAO Boopy>KeHHoe boc- 1 riotfefla Bcahkoh OKTa6pbCKoft couHajiHCTHqecKofi peaa.iionww b TypKecTa- He, rocnojiMTM3A3T y36eKCKOH CCP, 1947, cTp. 77—78. 2 HoAroTOBKa h npoBeAeHiie BeAUKofl OKTn6pbCKOH couH^jmcTHqecKoft peBO- jiioumh b y36eKHCTaHe, TauiKeHT, 1947, crp. 192. a Taw JKe, crp. 177, 181, 184, 186, 189, 190. 26

craHHe padoMHx h coaast b FleTporpaAe. II Bcepocc.HftcKHfi cbC3A 0oBeTO3 npHHHJI BCCMHpiIO-HCTOpHHCCKHe ACKpCTLI O MHpe, 3eMJie M C03A3JT nepBoe CoBeTCKoe npaBHTGJibCTBo bo iviaBC c B . H . JIghhhum. rioGcAa couHaAHCTHHecKofi pcBOJiiouHH b uenTpe cTpaiibi hmejia po- maiomee 3iiaqeiiffe aah noGeAU CoBeTCKoft BJiacin iia Mecrax, b tom qncjie h b Cbip-JH.apbHHCKOH otfAacru. B TauiKeHTe b tchchhc 25— 27 okth6ph iiuia ycHAemian noAroTOB- Ka K BOOpy>KeHIJOMy BOCCTaHHlO. npHBOAH^HCb B 6oeByiO rOTOBHOCTb KpacHorBapAeiicKHe oTpfiAbi h naxoAUBUiHecH via cropoHe 6o«ibiueBH- kob 1-h h 2-ft CufinpcKne 3anacnbie iioakh , c^opMHpoBajincb h o6y«ia- AHCb HOBbie OTpHJXbl KpaCHOH TBapAHH, COCTOBBLUHe H3 y36eKCKHX H PycCKHX paCOHHX. K 0KTJl6pbCKMM AHJIM 60AblIieBHKIl TaiHKCIITa HMejiH noa py>KbeM S-TbicawHyio p e B O A io u n o n n y io apMHio, roxoByio b Aiodyio M H iiy r y BbieryiiHTb no 30By Ooa bineBHKOB. TAaBHOH onopofl CojibineBHKOB Chjih >Ke.TG3HOAopo>KHbie paConne. /Iom C bo6o au — noMcmcHHe TamKeiiTCKoro CoBeTa — CbiA npeBpamen b uiTaO boc- CTaiiHH. 28 okth6p h , p a n o yTpoM, b TaniKenre nawaAocb BoopyH<en- Hoe BOCCTaHHC. McTbipe ahh A-injiacb BOopy>Kenna5i 6opb6a Ha yjinuax TaujKeHTa. K. yTpy 1 hoh6 ph naAa iiocacahhji onopa cua KOHTppeBOAiouHH— KpenocTb. B tot >Ke Aeiib ot Tam kghtckoto CoscTa GbiAa nocAana no jihhhh >KeJie3iioii Aoporn MeCTHbiM CoseTaM CAeAyioman TCJie- rpaMMa: «B c io BJiacTb npHHHA ConeT. BepHTe iyracrb b cboh p y kh». rioCeAa C obctckoh bascth b TauiKeiiTe HMejia SoAbiuoe 3HaMeiiHe AAH yCTailOBAeHHB CoBeTCKOH BJiaCTH BO BCCM TypKCCTaHC, b oco6ch- HOCTH B Cblp-ilapbHHCKOH o6jiaCTH. TaLUKeHT $1BAHACK He TOAbKO UGHTpOM CHJI peBOAlOUHH B TypKe- CT3HC, HO H MOCTOM, KyA3 CXOAHAHCb HHTH KOHTppeBOAIOUHH, nblTaB- uieHCH 0Ka3aTb conpoTHBACHne C obctckoh ba3cth. B TaiuKCHTe 6hah cocpcAOToneiibi anaHHTeAbiiue Boopy>KeHHbie chali kohtppcboaiouhh. rio6eAa peBOJitounFi b TauiKeHTe juunujia KOHTppeBOAionHOHHbie 3Ae- MCHTLI 06AaCTH BOOpy>KCHHOH IIOAACp>KKH, pyKOBOACTBa, AC30pr3HH- 30BaAa HX. 3T0 HBHAOCh OAHOH H3 ripHMHH (SbICTporO H npHTOM MHp- iioro ycTafroBACHHH C obctckoh baacth b Cup-^apbHHCKOH o6jiacTii, MeMy TaK>Ke tfAaronpHJiTCTBOBaAa o6craHOBKa, CAOKHsmajicn k s t o - My BpeMeHH Ha Mecrax. K occhh 1917 roAa y>Ke naAnuo 6hiA nepeBec cha pcboaiouhh iiaA CHA3MH KOHTppeBOAK)UHH. ripouecc peBOAK)UHOHH3HpoBaHHH TpyAJimnxcH wacc, OCOdCHHO B ropoAax, CA^AaA 3HawnTeAbHbie ycnexn. CoBeTbi pa6oHHx h coaabt- ckhx AenyTaTOB, pyKOBOAHMbie CoAbiiieBHKa.MH, cyweAH 3aBoeBaTb Ha cbok) CTopoHy doAbiHHHCTBo pa6oHHx h coaabt. O hh onupaAHCb Ha noAflep>KKy TpyAOBOH 6eAHOTbi ayAa, KHUJAana h pyccKoro nepece- AennecKoro noceAKa, rAe cce 6oAee o6ocTpHAacb 6opb6a 3a 3eMAio h BOAy. HeAOBOAbCTBO Macc noAHTHKOH BpCMeHHoro fipaBHTe*TbCTBa Ha- CTOAbKo bo3Pocao, *iT0 b pHA© MecT, HanpwMep B FlepoBCKe, paGonife h cojinarbi otkpbito Bbipawajin He/iOBcpiie Bpe\\iemioMy npa- 27

BHTCJibCTBy h TpeGoBa/iH nepexoAa bjiscth k CoBeTy paGoHHx 11 coa- AaTCKHx ^enyTaTOB.1 K occiim 1917 ro/ia npouecc 6o;ibiiieBH3auHH ConeTOB ycHAHjicn h B CBH3H c 3THM B03pOCJIH pO.'Ib H 3Ha4CHHe COBeTOB 3 MCCTHOH >KH3- hh. B aBrycre 1917 roAa oahh H3 MecTHbix hhhobhhkob nncaA: «B cioA y CoBCThi pa6o»iHX h cojiAaTCKHX ^enyTaTOB noAbayiOTCH GoAb- I1IOH aBTOpHTCTHOCTbfO CpeAH paCoMHX H COAAaT, H ACHCTBHTCAbHO, ohh iipHo6pejiH nepBeiicTByiomce 3HaneHHe b mccthoh oGmccTBCHHoft H nOJIMTHMeCKOH >KH3HH»21. CoBCTbl paGOHHX H COAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB BbicTynajiM nan opraiibi bjibcth. B o btopom noAOBHiie okthOph 1917 roAy, nanpHMep, TlepoBcKHft C obct paGonnx h COAAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB OTcrpaiiHA ot a o a >khocth ynacTKOBoro KOMHecapa KactJ- Moea.3 yCHJieHHe pOJIH H SHaMeHHH CoBCTOB IIpOHCXOAHAO B o6cTaiIOBKe Bee 6ojiec ycnjiHsaBiueroca pa3Ba;ia 6ypx<ya3Hoft BJiacm B pcmchho- ro npaBHTejibCTBa. T ot >Ke hhhobhhk oTMC'iaji: «Heo6xoAMMO koh- CTaTHpOBaTb nOJlHUH pa33ajl aAMHHHCTpaTHBHOH BA3CTH H >KH3HII B Cbip-AapbHHCKoil o6.iacTH»4. «H e r TBepAoft BAacTH, HeT nopaAKa»5. Hajinuo Gu a h BoemibiH iicpeBec cha pcboaiouhh HaA chji&mh KOHTppeBOJIK)U.HH. CpCAH COAAaT MecTHbix rapiIH30H0B CHJIbHbl 6bIJIH GOAbllieHHCT- ckhg nacTpocHUH. Boenubie BJiacTH b Koime oKTflGpa 1917 roAa oTMe- MajiH, mto « b Ka3ajinucKe iianKOBue opraHH3auHH ne noAbiiyioTcn ao- BepHeM 3THX 3apa>KeiIHbIX 60AbLUeBH3MOM COAAaT»6. BoAbWCBHCT- CKHC IiaCTpOCHHB JJUHpOKO npOHHKAH B CpGAy COAAaT rapHH30HOB TIcpoBCKa, Ay^Hc-Atbi, HHMKeirra. CoAAaThi 3thx rapHH3onoB b cbocm 60AbLUHHCTBe CTOHAH Iia CTOpOIIG pCBOwIIOUHH. PaGonne »<eAe3HOAopo>KHbix CTanuHH OpeiiGyprcKO-TauiKeHTCKOH Aoporn eme b ceHTnGpe npncTynn.au k co3Aannio GoeBhix Apyxom. C nOMombio peBOAionHonno HacTpoeHHbix COAAaT rapHH30HOB ohh CTajiH Boopy>KaTbcH. Oahhmh H3 nepBbix npHCTymiAH k Boopyxcemno paGownx 6oJibiueBHKH IlepoBCKa. C 3toh uejibio ohh HcnoAb30BajiH opy>KHe, naiyneunoe »icpc3 peBOjiiouHoinio HacTpoeHHbix coaast H3 opy>KeHHoro cmiaAa 3-ro CnGnpcKoro noAKa h KapayAhnon KOMaHAbi. K MOMeiiTy 0KTB(5pbCKHx coobiTHH b IlcpoBCKe Gbi.aa y>KC no cymecr- By opraiiH30BaHa Kpacnaa TBapAHH H3 >«ejie3HOAopo>KHbix paGowwx h nepeAOBbix coaa3t . >KeAC3HOAopo>KHbie MacTepcKHe npcBpaTHAHCb b cBoeo0pa3Hyio KpenocTb. Bee 3To co3AaBa.ao ycAOBHfl aah Gbicrporo h MHpuoro nepexoAa BJiacTH k CoBCTaM. OnHpaacb Ha noGeAy peBOjiiouHoiiHbix cha b 1 rio6e*a BeJimcofi OKTfl6phCKOH couuanHCTiwccKofi peBO/noilHH b Typxe- cTaiie, rocnojiHTH3AaT y36cKCKOH CCP, 1947, dp. 32—33. 2 no^roTOBKa h npoBeAeriae BcjiukoA OKTHCpbcKofi couHa^HCTHuecxofi pe- bo.iiouhh b y36eKHCTaHe, TaiuKeHT, 1947, ctp. 90. 3 UrHA Ka3CCP, cp. 146, on. 1. x 44, n. 244. 4 riojTOTOBKa m npoBejeHHe Bc.thkoS OKTH6pbCKofl couHajiHCiHqecKofi pe- BOJIJOUHH B y36CKHCTaHe, TauiKCHT, 1947, CTp. 86. 5 TaM >kc, cTp. 89. 6 TaM crp. 194.

neTporpa,T.e, a Taione b TauiKCHTC, CoBeThi crajiH 6paTb BAacTb b CBOH pyKH. Coo6meHHe o noOeAe B cjihkoh OKTaOpbCKoft coiiHaAHCTHnecKoft pcbojiK)u.mh b rie-rporpa/ie riepoBCKHft CoBeT paOoqnx h cojmaTCKHX AenyTaTOB noAyqnji b to BpeMH, KorAa b TaiuKeirre y>Ke naqaAocb BOopy>Kei[iioc BoccTaiine. OAHOBpcMeHrio H3 TaiiiKeina ot renepajib- Horo KOMHecapa BpcMCHHoro npaBureJihCTBa KoponuMeiiKO Cbuna no.iyqcna TCAerpaMMa, npoTHBopeqamaa cooGmeunio H3 ncTporpa^a. riomiB, qro KOMHccap BpeMcnnoro npaBHTeAbCTBa cnphiBacT noA- jiHHHbte coCbiTHH, iipoHcxoAamiie b IlcTporpaAe h TauiKeHTe, ricpoB- ckhh CoBeT paOo'iKx h co.iAa rcKHX AeriyTarOB nocraHOBHA: « I . H e AOBepaa c'ooCmeHnio reHepasibiioro KOMHecapa BpCMeiiHO' ro npaBHTejibCTBa, npnAep>KHBaTbCH jihhhh noBeACHun cor.’iacuo c ji03VHroM « B ch iwiacTb CoB6TaM» h 0Ka3biBaTb BcnqecKyio noAAep>K- • xy OopnaM, noAHHBLUHM 3tot Ji03ynr ira cbohx 3iiaMerrax. 2. H36paTb komhcchio aah ncpcroBopoB no npnMOMy npoBOAy c TaUIKCHTOM. 3. flocjiaTb ACJierauHK) b cocTane 5 ahu. b ropoA Ka3aAHircK aah ycTaHOBJieHHJi cor.iacoBaHHbix achctbhh Me>KAy CoBeTaMH b mrrepe-' cax 3amHTW pe.BOAiounH h oKa3aHH5i peaAbiioii iioaacp>kkh paOoquM TauiKeiiTa^1. B tot >Ke AeHb, 30 oKTnOpn 1917 roAa, b FlepoBCKe coctobacji Mac- COBblH MHTHIir paOoHHX, COAA3T, Ka33XCK0H II pyCCKOH OeAHOTbl, iia kotopom Obiao BbmeceHO pemcHHe o ncpexoAe BJiacTH k CoBeTaw. Onupancb ua bqjiio tpyamunxcsi, IlepoBCKHfi CooeT p a Oohhx h coa- A3TCKHX AenyTaTOB B35IA BAaCTb B CBOH pyKH. B rop. AyAHe-ATe CoBeTCKan BAacTb ObLia ycTanoBAena b na- qaAe HoaOpa 1917 roAa. B cctb o noOeAe nerporpaACKiix h TarriKeHT* ckhx paOoqnx GbrcTpo pacnpocTpamiAacb b ropoAe. 4 noaCpa 1917 roAa AyAHe*ATHHCKHH CoBeT paOoqnx h coaa<Jtckhx AenyTaTOB pe- iiiha noCAaTb b TaiUKenT C B o e ro npcacta bhtcaa a a a cBa3H h o3naKo\\i- ACHHa C npOHCXOAHIUHMH B ueiiTpe h TanjxeHTe coOhthhm h.*2 Ha CAeAyiom.HH A e»b, 5 iioaOpa 1917 roAa, AyAiie-ATHiicKHH C orct pe- IIIHA npHBeCTH B OoeByiO I OTOBIIOCTb rapiIH30H, npOBCpHTb hmoioiuhc- ca b HaAHHHH opyw ne h narpoHM. Peiueno 6mao AOBecni xo cBexeiiun ye3Aiioro KOMHecapa h rapHH30Ha, mtoGli hhK3khx OoeBbix pacnopa- >KCHHfi 6e3 BCAOMa CoBeTa paOoHHx h coAAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB ne ASA3AH.3 B tot >ne AeHb, 5 HoaOpa 1917 roAa, no nopyqenHio CoBeTa npeA- ceAaTe.rib ncnoAKOMa XweAeBCKiift CBaaaAca no npawoM y npoBOAy c npeACTaBHTCAeM ncnoAKOMa TauiKeHTCKoro CoBeTa A/ieKcanApOM iiepuiHHbiM. riocjieAiniH cooGiuha o nepexoAe BJiacrii k CoBeTaw b neTporpaAe h TauiKeiiTe.4 ' «CoBeTCKaa crcnh», 7 non(5pn 1927 r., K* 253. 2 A>KaM(5yjicKHrt ofijirocnpXHB, (j>. H . on. 1, a . 4, ji. 19*od. 3 TaM >Ke, cj). 11, on. 2, a . 2, ji. 19-o6. 4 TaM M e, on. 2, a . 4, cb. 1, a . 23. 29

6 Honfipn 1917 roaa AyjiHe-ATHHCKHft Cobct padowHx h coAAaT- ckhx AenyTaTOB 3acjiymaji coo6meHne H3 TauiKeHTa o nepexoAe BJia- cth b nerporpaAe B pyicw CoBeTOB. C obct nocra-HOBHJi nepeAaTb b nmuneK, M epne TejierpaMMy o co6biTHHX b rierporpaAe h TaniKeHTe h npocHTb hx nepe^aTb 3to H3- BecTHe b np>KeBajibCK, Bcpiibin, Kanajr h /IencHHCK.1 Tot 4>aKT, hto AyjiHe-ATHHCKHH CooeT ott>wuia;ibHo ne o6t>hbhji o nepexoae BJiacTH b pyKH CoBeTa, AaeT HeKOTopbiM HccjieAOBaTCAHM ocHOBanwe npeA- noJiararb, hto hko6li CoBeTCKaa BJiacTb b A y an e -A re ycrranoBH.iacb no3>Ke, 1 aeKaCpa, Koraa Ayawe-ATHHCKHil <n>e3A KpecTbHHCKHX AenyTaTOB Bbinec nocTaHOBJieHHe o npn3iiaHHH BJiacTH CoBeron. OaHaKo anaaH3 AOKVMeiiTOB Ayane-ATHHCKoro CoBeTa, b qacT- hocth npoTOKOJiOB C oocTa,2 onpoBepraeT 3to npeAnoAOKenne h AaeT no^iHoe ocHOBaiiwe yTBep>KAaTb, hto nocjie nojiy^eiinn H3BecTHa o c o - ObiTHnx b IleTporpaAe h TaniKeHTe CoseT p a 6oHHx h coaa3tckhx AenyTaTOB (JjaKTHHecKH B3hji BJiacTb b cboh pyKH. H a 3aceAaiiHBx C o ­ BeTa peuiajiHCb BayKiieMiune Bonpocu o noAo>KeHHH b ropoAe h ye3Ae, 06 AyjiHC-ATHHCKOM rapiiH30He h t. r . BjracTb npeACTaBHTeJieft Bpe- Meimoro npaBHTeAbCTBa 6biAa napajiH30BaHa. HacejieHHC oopam a- Jtocb 3a BceMH ny>KAaMH HenocpeACTBeimo b C obct h Bcewepno ero noAAep>KHBajio. 1 /leKatfpH 1917 roAa AyjiHc-ATHHCKnfi ye3AHbin cbe3A KpecTbsm- ckhx AenyTaTOB Bbinec iiocraiioBjieHHe o npH3iiaHHn BJiacTH C obgtob. B nocTaHOBJieHHH CTaesAa roBopw^iocb: «ye3AIIblfl CT>e3A KpCCTbHHCKHX ACnyTaTOB, o6cyAHB Bonpoc o BJiacTH, 31 tojiocom npoTHB 8, npH oahom B03Aep>KaBiiieMca, npH3Haji BCfo nojinoTy anacTH 3a CoocTaMH paOonux, co^iAaTCKHx h KpecTb- HHCKHX AenyTaTOB II H36paHHbIMH HMH IiapOAHblMH KOMHCCapaMH H 3Ty BJiacTb CyAeT noAAep>KHBaTb bccmh chji3mh h cpeACTBaMH»3. Ci»e3A nocTanoBHJi 0<5pa30BaTb a ^ih Bcero ye3Aa oahh oGiuhh HCnO.THHTe.'IbHblA KOMHTeT COBeTOB. B CB5I3H C 3THM Ha CJieAyJOIUHH Aeiib, 2 AenadpH 1917 roAa, cbeaA KpecTbHHCKnx AenyTaTOB peinnji BJIHTbCH B COBeT pa6oHHX H COJIAaTCKHX AenyTaTOB H H3CpaJI B co- ct3b HcnojiKOMa 4 npeACTaBHTejiefi.4 16 AeKaGpH 1917 roAa coctobjich cr>e3A npeACTaBHTGJieft ot KopeH- Horo HacejieHHB Ayjine-ATHHCKoro ye3Aa. B npoTOKOJie 3aceAanna Cbe3Aa roBOpHjiocb: «EAHHorjiacHO nocTanoBjieno cjiHTbcn c C obctom COAAaTCKHX, pa60*IHX H KpeCTbBIICKHX AenyTaTOB H H36paTb B 3TOT CoaeT cbohx AejieraTon... ynpa3A»HTb ye3AHbin komhtot 5 h npeACTa- BHTb CoBeTy npmiHTHe A eji»6. ynpa3AneHHe (JjeoAajibno-fiancKoro «Mycy.ibMancKoro KOMHTeTa* h H36paHHe npeAeraBUTcyien KopeHHoro HacejieHHH b cocTaB CoBeTa pa6onnx h co.-iAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB cbh- 1 A>KaM6y-ncKHft o6^rocapxnBf 4). 11, on. \\, r. 2, n 23 2 TaM >Ke, 4). 11, on. 1, r . 4. jiji. 28—60. 3 TaM >kc. 4>. 11, on. 2, r . 3, ji. 30. 4 TaM 7KC, ji. 29. 6 Mycy.ibMaHCKHft KOMHrer. — 3. n . 8 A>KaM6y,icKHft oO^irocapxHB, l l ] on. 2. r . 3, jui. 30— 33. 30

^eTejibCTBOBajiH o noAAep>KKe TpyAnmiiMHcn MaccaMH Kopennoro iia- CeJieHHH CoBeTCKOH BJiaCTH. B iianajie Hon6pn ConeTCKan BJiacTb 6biJia ycraHOBJiena b Mhm- KeHTe. KaK TOJibKO b MnMKeHTC 6buio nojiyiie»o H3BecTiie o no6eAe Boopy>KeHHoro BoccTaHHJi b IleTporpaAe h TamKeiiTe, no HinmHaTii- B e 'IHMKeilTCKHX 6oJIbIUeBHKOB 6bIJI C03BaH MaCCOBLIH MlITHIir. Ha new npucyTCTBOBajiH pa6oqne caHTOHHHHoro 3aBOAa, xjionKooHHCTH- TejibHbix aaBOAOB, coji^aTbi qHMKeHTCKoro rapHH30Ha, pyccxan h Ka3axcKaH 6eAHOTa ropoAa h 0-in>KaHiijnx ce«i h ay-ioB. H a stom mh- THiire 6 ujio npHHHTO nocTanoBJiciiHc o nepexoAe BJiacTH k CoBeTaM. B/iacTb b ropoAe h ye3Ae 6bi.aa nepeAana CoBeTaM pa6olw x n cojuar- ckhx AeriyTaTOB. IlpeAceAaTejieM HnwKeiiTCKoro ye3Aiioro CoBera pa- 6o»ihx h co.’iAaTCKHx AenyTaTOB 6bui H36paH 6o;ibiijeBHK M . H. 3n6a- poB, npHcnaHHbiH oceHbio 1917 roAa TauiKeHTCKoft 6ojibuieBHCTCKOH opranHsaimefi. 1 7 nondpH Ha CTanunn TypKecTan 6biJi co3Aan B ochho-P cbojiio- UHOHHblH KOMHTCT, KOTOpLIH Iia OAHOM H3 CBOHX fiepBblX 3aceAaHHH nocTaBHJi Bonpoc 06 opraHH3au.HH Kpacnon map/inn h 06 ycTanoB- JieilHH KOHTpOJIH HaA npOAOBOJIbCTBCIIIIblMH opraiiHaamisiMH.2 BcKope BoeHHO-PeBOJiiou.HOHHbift komhtct nepeAaji BjiacTb C03- AaHHOMy HCiiOJiHHreJibHOMy KOMHTery ConeTa pa6oMHX, cojiAaTCKHX h KpecTbBHCKHx AenyTaToa. B npnKa36 ot 1 ACKa6pH 1917 roAa Typ- KecTaHCKHii HcnojiHHTejibHbiii KOMHTeT yKa3a.a, *ito «e r o ue^ib — aoboahtl ao o6 mero cBeAeiiHH liacejieHHH TypKeciaHCKoro ye3Aa, uto BJiacxb na MecTax nepeAana BhicuiHM ripaBHTejibCTBOM PoccmV ckoh pecnyd.iHKH b pyKH Cobctob pa6o«iHX, co^AaTCKiix h KpecTbjm- ckhx AenyTaroB.3 B Hondpe 1917 roAa CoBercKan BJiacrb ycTanoBHJiacb na ct3huhh 2Ka3aviHHCK, b rop. Ka3ajiHHCKe h noceAKe Apa/ibCKOe Mope. Ae- Ka6pn Ka3ajiHHCKHft CoBer pa6oMHX h cojiAaTCKnx AenyTaTOB Ha CBoeM 3aceAaHHH BbiHec peaojnouHio, b kotopoh roBopHJiocb: «CoBeT paCo^Hx h co^AaTCKHx AenyTaTOB craiiUMH Ka3ajinHCK na 3aceAaiiHH CBoeM ot 2 AenaSpn cero roAa, oCcyAHB oonpoc o co- 3AaBUICMCH nOJIHTHHeCKOM MOMeHTC B CBH3H c IiaCTyiUICHHeM na OpeH- 6ypr peBOjnouHOHHbix bohck noA KOMaHAoft KOMwccapa Ko6o3eBa, npHHHA aieAyiom yio pe3o/nou.Hio: Bceuejio npHcoeAHinrrbCH k nojiHTii- necKoA njiaT(})opMe TauiKeHTCKoro CoeeTa cojiAaTCKnx n paCowHx AenyTaTOB*4. roAa b Cbip-TIapb- 1917TaKHM o6pa30M, na npoTH>KeHHH nonCpn HHCKoii o6;iacTH ycraHOBHJiacb CoBCTCKan BJiacTb. B npoiiecce ycra- HOBjICHHH COBCTCKOH BJiacTH B Cbip-TXapbHHCKOH o6jiaCTH b paac BOJiocTen, ccji h ayjiOB co3AaBajiHCb peBOjnomiOHHbie komhtctu, a b 1 «ripaB^a IOx<Horo Ka3axcraHa», 5 Hoartpa 1947 r., K? 219. 2 LirAOP, KaaCCP, 4>. 7, on. 1, n. 7, a . 4 ( b Hacroamee BpeMa (})Oha nepe- aaH b KD>KHO-Ka3axcTaHCKHH oC^rocapxHB). 3 Tbm j«e, <t). 203, on. 1, a. 1, n. 47. 4 n<>6cfla BcjihkoA OKTa6pbCKoft couHajiHCTHnecKoft peBOJiiouHH b TypKecra* He, focnoaHTH3AaT y36exCK0fi CCP, 1947, cTp. 136— 137. 3!

HeKOTOpwx nace-ieinibix nynxrax anacTb HaxoAHAacb b pyKax cejib- ckhx KOMHecapoB. riosAnee, jieroM 1918 ro.ua, no oGascth pa3Bepny- jiacb MaccoBan KawnaHHH no BhiGopaw ay/ibHbix, ceAbCxnx h KMiiAan- HblX COBBTOB H 3eMGAbHO-BOAIIbIX KOMHTGTOB. ** * Bopb6a 3a ynpouenne C obctckoh babcth, 3 a caom cTaporo h coj- Aatme HOBoro rocy^apcTBcimoro annapaTa npoxoAHJia na oxpamie P occhh b qpe3BbmaHiio Tpy^Hhix ycjioBHHX, CKa3biBajiacb o6 maa 3 KOHOMH4ecKan h nojiHTHnecKaH oxcTaAOCTb o6 jiacrH. CoBeTbi u AGMOKpaTH’iecKHe opranH3aiiHH, Ha KOTopbie, kbk yxa3biBaA B. M. JleHHH, mojkho 6 biJio onepcTbca b 6 opb6 e aa cosAanne hobux opranoB EyiacTH, <5u a h GoJiee cjia6 biMH, hgm b ueiiTpe cxpaHbi. 5oJib- UICBHCTCKHC OpraHH3aUHH o6.iaCTH dblJIH TaiOKe HeMHOrOHHC.ieHHbl H cjiaGbi Kax b opraHH3an,HOHHOM, ra x h b H/xeMHo-TeopernwecKOM otho- uieHHH. Hawdojiee CHAbHOH h cnjioneHHOH obi.ia TaiiixeHTcxaH rpyrnia CojibineBHKOB. OAHaxo neo6 xoAHMo OTMGTHTb, hto h 3Aecb opraini3a- UHOHHUH pa3pbIB C MeHblUeBHKa.MH np0H30IUGA TOJIbKO IIOCJIC ycra- hobachhh CoBeTCKoft BJiacTH, b ACKaCpe 1917 roAa. lIto xacaeTcsi Apyrnx ropoAOB oojiacTH, to, Kax h3bcctho, ao ycranoBAeHHH CoBeT- ckoh BJiacTH cymecTBOBajia ahiiib nepoBcxan 6 oAbiiieBHCTCKasi opra- HH3auna. O^JopMACHHG ocTa.ibHbix napTHHiibix opraHH3aimtt nponc- xoahao y>xe b npouecce CopbCu 3a ynpoqeHHe C obgtckoh BJtacTH. B anpejie 1918 roAa 6 uAa co3Aana napTHHiiaa opraHnsaunn b Typxe- cTaHC1, b Hione 1918 t o a h — b Hhmkchtc h Ka3aAHiicxe2, b anrycTe 1918 roAa c AyAHG-ATC3. Boallbcdhctckhc opraHH3auHH iig pacnojia- raJIH GLUG AOCTaTOHHbIM KOvIHHCCTBOM IIOArOTOBJieHHblX K3ApOB, OCO- 6eHHo AJifl pa6oTbi cpeAH M ecTHoro HauHonaAbiioro HacejieHHH. 7Xono.THHTC.ibHa si TpyAnocTb 3aKJiK>qaAacfa Tax>xe b tom, hto C o - BGTBM 3AeCb MpOTHBOIIOCTaB.TSIJIHCb lie TOJIbKO CHAU pyCCKOH KOHTp- peBOAIOUHH, HO H 6yp/Kya3HO-IiaH.HOHaAHCTHHGCKaH KOHTppeBOAlOUHH. B CBH3H C 3THM OC0 6 eHHO OoAblJJOe 3iiaiICHHe A-TH fjOAblUGBIIKOB Cup-TXap^HHCKOH oGabcth, xax h Bcero Ka3axcTana h T yp xccT a H a . HMeJIH nOMOIUb H pVKOBOACTBO CO CTOpOHU KOMMyHHCTHHCCXOH Tiap- THH H CoBGTCKOrO IipaBHTCAbCTBa. 15— 22 HOBfjpn 1917 roAa coctohach I I I xpaeooH c/be3A Co- BeTOB, na kotopom CbiAO o6pa30Bano xpaeBoe cobctckoc npaBHTGAb- ctbo — Cobct HapoAHux KOMHecapoB bo ta a Be c CSoAbmeBiixaMH O. KoAeCOBbIM, n . riOATOpaUKHM, B. JIsinHHbIM. BAaCTb Ha MeCTax, corAaciio npimsiTOH Ha crbe3AG pesojiioiiHH, nepeAaoaAacb CoBexaM paOOHHX, COAAaTCKHX H KpeCTbSIHCKHX A^nyTaTOB. PyxoBOACTByncb pemeHneM III xpaeBoro CT>e3Aa C obctob, 1 «PcBOJiiou.HOHHLift Boctok», .N° 3, 1934, CTp. 205. 2 OnpeACJiuTb tomho Mecjin co3A3'H)isi opraHH3auHH lie yaajiocb. Ho ynce n hiohc 1918 r. npcACTaiurrejib HepnaeRCKoft (Mhmkchtckoh) opraHH3au.HH n:iHcy’'r- CTHonaji na I CT>e3ne 6oAbuieBHKOB TypHecTawa (cm. cOoohhk cPesojiiouHH h CpeAHeft A3hh», r. I, TauiKeHT, 1929, CTp. 12).— IJpuM. aaropa. 3 CCophhk «PeBoniouHH b CpeAHeft A3HH>, t . II, TauiKeHT, 1929, crp. 18 32

6<wibiueBHKH o6.nacTH ycnjinjiH 6 opb6 y 3a cjiom CTaporo h co3AaHiie Hosoro rocy^apcTBeHiioro aiinapara. B ujih ycTpaueitbi ot ynpaBJieniiH ofuiacTHoft h ye3AHbie KOMHeca- pu BpeMeHHoro ripaBHTeAbCTBa, jihkbhahpob3H MHHOBHHHHft annapat o 6viacTHoro h ye3ju tb ix npaejieHH#, paenymeiibr ropOACKHe n y w h i, jihkb hah poBaiibi CTapbift cyA h nepeceJieimecKHe opraHHaaiiHH. BjiaCTb CblAa nepCAaiia CoBCTQM H HX HCIIQJIHHTeJIbHblM KOMBTCTaM. B wapTe— HioHe 1918 r o ja cocTOHAHCb ye3Anwe c:T>e3Ahi C obctob, H36paBLUHe nOCTOHHHblfi cocraB C obctob h hx HCIIOAKOMOB. K KOHIiy 1918 roAa 6 hiAH noBCCMCCTHo o6pa30Baiib! ye3AHbic n 34 bojiocthlix 3CMe.ablIO-BOAHhIX KOMHTCTa. BblJIO OCymeCTHJieHO C03,T.aHHC IIOBbIX opraHOB BJiacTH b ce^ax, ayjiax h KHiujianax. Bpax<Ae6 HO HacTpocHHoe HHHOBHHqecTBo BcnqecKH ca6 oTnpoBaAo pa6oTy iioBbix opranoB BAacrn. PaComie m KpecTbHHe, npeoAOJieBaa c a O o r a M , 6 p a j i n ynpaBACHiie b cboh pyKH, BH^wpaa JiyqiuHX cbohx npeACTaBHTejieii na pyKOBOAamyio paooTy. TaKHMH 6 u ;ih , HanpHMcp, H. B. UlyMHJiOB — CoAbineBHK, cjiecapb Bopoahhckhx MacrepcKHX, npeACCAareAb TaiuKeHTCKoro CoscTa b 1918 roAy; r. H cpbhkob— 6 ojibiiieaHK, pa Comnil IlcpoBCKoro >Kejie3HOAopo>KHoro Aeno, npeace- AaTeAb Llpe3BbmaHHoro peBOJiiomioHnoro cyAa TypneciaHCKoft pec- ny6 -iHKH it qjien Cup-ZlapbifHCKOro o^Aacnioro HcnoAHHTftnbHoro KOMHTCTa. 3 th BblAaiOlUHeCH pa60THHKH 6 bIJIH 3BCPCKH y 6 HTbI BO BpeMH aiiTHCOBercKoro mhtoko b TaniKCHTc b aiiBape 1919 roAa. K ynacTHio b AeaTejibHOCTH C obctob npHBAeicaAHCb mnpoKHc HapoAHbie Maccw, b wacTHocTii H3 Kopcnuoro naccACHHH. Tax. b co- CT3 B TypnecraiicKoro HcnoAUHTe/ibHoro KOMHTeTa Coneia pa6omix, COAAaTCKHX, KpCCTbHHCKHX II MVCVJIbMailCKHX At'llYTaTOB B ACKatfpe 1917 roAa 6 b u io H36pauo A »a npeACTaBHT&na or pa6o9 Hx-Ka3axob h Tpn — OT KpCCTbBH-KaaaXOB. 1 BejiHKaa OKTHfipbCKaa couhaa hcthnecna h pcboaioixhh co3Aa;ia neircHepnaeMbie bo3mo^chocth j ia s i pa3BHTHfi TBopqccKoft m w u n a T H - Bbl lilHpOKHX TpyAHIUHXCH M3CC. Ona ASAa HM B03MO/KHOCTb BbIHTH IIa lMHpOKHH npOCTOp TBOpqeCKOil X<H3HH. npilMCpOM MOXCOT CJIVJKHTb x<H3ifb 6eAHHKa-Ka3axa iohoiuh ram i MypaiSaeBa, cbirpaBmero BnocAeACTBHH BbiAaiomyiocH pojib b opraHH3auHH KOMcoMoAa b Cpea- Hcii A3HH h Ka3axcTane.21 B nepuoA ycTaHOBJieiiHH ii yupoweiiHH Cobctckoh BJiacTH FaHSi MypaTdacB n p i u i f u i ropaqee yqacrae b opraimaamiH h yKpcnjieHHH iioblix opraHOB BJiacTH b K333XCKOM ayjie. Ka33AHHCKHH ConeT paCoMHX, COAAHTCKHX H KpeCTbHlICKHX AenyTaTOB H3fipaJl CTO MJICHOM cBoero iicnojiKOMa. IlpoBOAH aKTHniiyio padoTy b Ka3aAHHCKOM Co- neTc, TaiiH MypaT6acB nocToamio npn3hiBa;i TpyAsuiuixdi 6u t l 6 a h - Te.ibiibiMH h 6ecnoniaAHo GopoTbCB npoTHB Caen h 6yp>Kya3HH, nw- TaBuiHXCH npo.ne3Tb b cobctckhc opranbi. Tax, oh peniHTejibHo BbicTy- LjrAOP 25, JO, 22.1 2 A. C KH. yafeKCKoii C.CP, (!). on. I, n. ji. n H P H A O H o B HCTOpmi U03HBKH0BeHH5I H pa3BJ!THH KOMCOMOJI3 K a3axctaH a, AjiMa-Ata, 1947, cTp. 77. 3—1201 33

nmi npOTHB Ka3ajiHncKoro 6 a a Ocnana MapeeBa, npodpaBiuerocH b C obct. Bojibiuoe bhhmbhhc MypaTdaeB yAeAHA BCTynjieHino Ka3ax- CKofi MOviOAejKH b KpacHoft A pmhh. B cBoefi penH b Aenb nepson FOAOBIHHHU OKT5l6pbCKOii peBOJIIOUHH OH npH3bIBajI Ka3aXCKyiO MO- jioAe>Kb BCTynarb b paAbi KpacHofi A pmhh, 6 opoTbCH c BparaMH pe- BOJIIOUHH. JlymuHe cbiiibi K33axcKoro napoAa c n e p B tix a h eft CoBeTCKoft B.iaCTH CTaiCOBHAHCb eC aKTHBHblMH CTpOHTCJIHMH. Ba>KHoe 3HaieHHe CoBeTbi o 6^iacTH npHAaeaAH co3AanHio nonbix BOOpy>KCHHbIX CHA. FIcpBOIianaAbHO OHH C03A3BaAHCb B BHAe OTpflAOB KpacHoft rBapAHH. KpacHorBapAeftcKHe OTpaubi 6 u a h co:?Aanbi b TauiKeHre, n^poBCKe, TypKecranc, KasajfffHcne, nocejifce ApaAbcxoe M ope.1 B pnAbi KpacHoft rBapAHH BCTynajiH pa6oMHe->KeAe3HOAopo>KnH- k h , peBOAiouHOHHo nacrpoeH H bie coAAaTbi rapiiH30H0B, pyccxan 6eA- noTa h dcAHOTa H3 cpeAbi KopeHHoro HaccAeiinn. OcHOBiioe HApo s t h x OTpHAOB COCT3BA51AH pa6oHHC'>KeJie3HOAOpO>KHHKH. C peAH OTpHAOB KpacIIOH rBapAHH o6;iaCTH o c o d o BblAeAHACH FIcpOBCKHft KpaCIIOrBapAefiiCKHft OTpflA, COCTOHBIJIHH, rjiaBHbIM o6pa- 30M, H3 pa60HHX-JKeJie3H0A0p03KHHK0B. B CBOHX BOCIIOMHHaHHHX CblBUIHft nOMOLUHHK KOMBIlAHpa KpaCHOft TBcipAHH riepOBCKOrO ye3AB t . A pxH n oB paccKa3biBae.T, hto b o t p h a 3anHcajiHCb nonTH Bee pa- 6oHue->KC..Tie3HOAopo>KHHKH.2 B mcctc c tcm npnAanaAocb 6oJibiuoe 3HaiieH Iie npUBACHCHHIO B OTpHA pyCCKOH H Ka3aXCK0H KpeCTbHHCKoft 6eAHOTU. C 9toh u ejibio n o a yjia M h AepCBHHM paccbiAaAHCb arHTa- ropbi. B jiaroA apa hx ycneujH ofi p a 6 0 Te b IlepoBCKHft KpacnorBapACH- ck h h orp H A B cryna.ia Ka3axcKa*i 11 p y ccK a a 6 eA n oT a. T a x , nanpn- Mep, H3 noceAKa .Z^Kycajibi BCTynmiH Ao6poBOJibuaMH 81 hcjiobgk. riepoBCKHH KpaciiorBapAeiicKHii OTpnA, HanaB cboh doenon nyTb c noAroTOBKii k 6opb6e c AyTOBCKHMH CaiiAaMH, nocTcncnno nwpoc b xpen K yio 6oeByio CAHimuy, KOTopyio npaBHTCAbCTno CoBCTCKoro T y p - KecTaiia nocbuiaAo Ha HandoAee onaciiue h Ba>Kiibie ynacTKH. O rp n - A u K p aciiow rBapAHH cw rpaA H Co;ibuiyio pojib b yn p on en n n C o bct- CKOH BA3CTH H lipHHHAH Ha CeGtt nepBUH yA a p KOHTppeBOAIOUHOHIIbIX CHA. MeponpHHTHji no y n p o n e iin io C obctckoh B jia c m npoBOAHjmcb b o6c.TaHOBKe ocTpoii K jiaccoB oii 6opb6bi. H n o cT p a in ib ie HMiiepnaAHCTbi CTpeMHAHCb CBCpniyTb C on cTcn yK ) BJiacTb 11a naunonaAbU bix oxpaH - n ax c TeM, HTo6bi HcnoAb30BaTb hx nan njianA apM f l j i n y A a p a no UCHTpy cTpaHbi. O n op oft BHeuiHcfr KoiiTppeBOAiouHH b T yp n ecT aH e 6biAii oc})HuepcK0-6eAorBapAei1cKHe h 6yp>Kya3HO-HaunoHaAHCTHne- CKHe sAeMCHTbi, acephi h MenbineBHKH. B Konue 1917 — HanaAe 1918 roAa o6 cTaHOBKa, cAOH<HBmaHCH b TypnecTane, 6 biJia oneHb Hanpn>KeHHOH. B cbh3h c KoiiTppeBOJiioiiHOH- 1 U r A O P y 36c.KCKOH C C P , 4). 25, on. 1, A- 16, ji. 20, TaiUKCHTCKiiri 0 6/iroc- apxHu, 4). 2, on. 1, A- 61, a . 30. 2 n a p T a p x m j UK KUK, 4). 811, ea. xp. 526. ?A

hum m h to k o m aTHMciHa /XyTona npHMan cB«3b TypnecTaiia c ueHT- pajibHoft PoccHew dun a BpeMemio npepBana. B HHBape 1918 roAa b paflOHe CaMapKan^a BciibixHyji mhtok CejioKaaanbHX MaereH, B03BpamaBiuHXCH H3 HpaHa h KaBKa3a Ha pOAHHy. KOHTppCBOJlIOUHOHHOe 0(})HUepCTBO BO TJiaue C IIOAKOBHHKOM 3aHiieBbiM, no yKa3KC JXyTOBa, cTpeMHAocb HcnoAb30BaTb Ka3a»iecTBO IipOTHB COBeTCKOH BJiaCTH. OAHOBpeMeinio c BbicrynAeHHeM 6cjioKa3a'ibnx 'lacTefi daHAbi dacMaqefl, pyKOBOAHMbie 6yp>Kya3HbiMH Hau.HOHaAHCTaMH, itoahjiah mhtcjk b I<oKaH;ie. Byp>Kya3HO-HauHOHaAHCTHHecKaH KOHTppenoAio- uhh b coK>3e c pyccKOH KoiiTppeBojnoiuieH, BAoxnoBAHeMan h pynoBo- AHMan HHOCTpaHHUMH HMnepnajiHCTaMH, OTKpbLia noxoA npoTHB BJ13CTH CoBeroB twa (pjiaroM OyptKyaauoii aBToiioMim. Co3AaHJioc b KOHue Hondpa 1917 roAa b KoxaHAe dypjKyaano-daficKoe «aBTOHOM- hoc npaBHTe*'ibCTBO» TypnecTaira — «KoKaiiACKa5i aBTOHOMH*i» — 6ljjio rjiydoKo pcaKUHonriMM h aiiTHiiapo^iiuM. Oi10 c r p e M iu io c b cob- MecTHO c dejioKaaaHbcfi KoirrppeBOAiouHeH CBepmyTb CoBeTCKyio BJiacrb b TypnecTaHe, co3AaTb dypA<ya3Ho-daftcKOe rocyAapcTBo iioa arHAOH niiocTpaHHoro HMnepHaAH3\\ia. B mom cht BUCTynACHHH 6cjioK33aKOB b paiioHC CaMapKanAa dyp- >Kya3HO-HaUHOHa.THCTHHeCKaH KOHTppeBOAKMWH, CKOimeHTpupOBaB- uian cboh cuAbi b KoxaHAe, naqaAa OTKpbiTyio Boopy>KeHiiyio dopbdy npoTHB CoBCTCKOH BAaCTH. Byp>Kya3Hbre iraAHOiiaAHCTbi, BbicTynaBiune cobmcctiio c pyccKH- mh dejiornapACHuaMH, 3Kthbh3hpobaah cboio KOHTppcBOAiouHomiyio ACHmibirocTb bo Been CpeAHefi A shh h Ka3axcT3He. 13 AOKadpn 1917 roAa ohh opramnouaAii a i i r u c o B e r c K y i o A C M O H c r p a u m o b Tam- KeHTe noA A03yHroM rroAAep>KKH «KoKaiiACKOH 3 btohomhh». AnTHcOBeTCKaa AeMoncTpanHH, npoTHB KOTOpoi'i bhctviihah TpyAH- mHecyi TainKeiiTa, OKoiiHKAacb rroAHbi.vr npoBaAOM. KoHTppeBOAioLui* OHHoe BbicTyruieiiHe dbiAo AHKBHAnpoBano.1 XapaKTepubiM HBAHAOCb to, HTO pyccnafl h dypx<ya3H0-HauH0Ha- AHCTHHecKan KOHTppeBOAJomin, BbicTynaBrnne odbeAHiieHHbiM fy p o u - TOM npoTHB BJiaCTH CoBeTOB, npHKpblBB.lH CBOH 3aMbICAbI A03yiiraMH «3BTOHOMHH», KOTOpyiO OHH nOHHM3AH, K3K OTAeACHHC TypKeCTaHa or Cobctckoh P occhh h BoccTaHOBAemie b ncM cj)coAaAbHbix h dyp- >Kya3Hux OTHomeHin'i. npMKpbTBaACb A03yiJr0.M «aBTOHOMPIJi», yCllJiem iO pa3BHB3AH KoHTppeBOAfOHHOimyio ACHTe^ibiiocTb K33axcKne dypa<ya3Hbie iiauno- HaAHCTbr, rpyniiHpOBaBuiHecH BOKpyr ra36Tbi «E>HpAb!K-Tybi» («3 n a - mh eAHHCTBa»), H3AaBaBUiCHCH b TauiKeiiTe. O hh dbiAH CBH3aiibi we- pe3 Typunio c repMancKHMH HMnepnaAHCTaMH.21 B iianaAe AiiBapa 1918 roAa ohh co3bbah b rop. TypnccTaHe cbe3A Ka3axcKiix dypwy- 1 IIoaroroBKa h npOBeacHHe Bcahkoh OKmdpbCKofi couHaAJicnmecKoft peno- jijouhh b y36eKMCTaHe, TaijjKeHT, 1947, cTp. 240—241. 2 «H3Bccrnsi AH Ka3CCP», X277, CopHB HcropHMccKaB, Bhin. 1950 r. CTp. 33. 3* 35

a3H0'HaUH0HaJIHCTH4eCKHX 3J10MGHT0B H AyXOBCHCTBa. Ila 3TOM CbC3- AC npHcyTCTBOBaji npeACTaBHTCJib Ajiaiu-Op/Urf /Xy.iaTOB. 3 to Koirrp- peBOJiiouHoimoe c6opmue BbicKa3a^ocb iipo th b C obctckoh BjiacTH, 3a Ajiaui-Opay h C0103 c «KoKaiiACKoii aBTOHOMHefl». Pa3T>exaBUinecH yqacTHHKH CT>e3Aa vch.ichho paaBHBajiH Koirrp- peBoJiionHOHHyio AenTejiLHocTb. Kan bhaho hj aokvmchtob, coxpa- hhbiiihxch b n e jia x . TypKecTaHCKoro HcnojiHHTeJibiioro KOMHTCTa Co- BCTa patfoinx, ccwiAaTCKHx, KpecTbHHCKHx h Mycy^bMaiccKHX Aenyia- tob, b KOHue HHBapa 1918 roAa no nocraHOBJieHHio ncno.iKOMa 6uji apecTOBaH pan. jihu, ycH-ieimo npoBOAHBUJHX KOHTppeBO/nomioHHyio arHTauHio cpeAH KopcHHoro iiaccjieHHH.1 HapjiAy c ocpHuepcKO-Cc.aorBapAeiicKHMa h 6yp>Kya3iro-HannoHa- JIHCTH«ieCKHMH B.ie.MeHTa.MH, OnopOH BIICUIIICH KOIITppeBOAIOUHH ChlJIH KyjiaiiecTBo h hx HAeoJiorH — «.iCBbie» acepu. Oahhm H3 onaroB .leBoscepoBCKoft KOHTppeBOAionHH crajia Ay.me~ATa. Ormpancb Ha Ky.naliecTBo, « jicbuc» sccpbi ycHJieHHO bc- jib noApuBiiyio pa6 oTy BHyTpH coBeTCKvix opraimaauHH Ayjine-ATHii- cKoro ye3Aa. JleToM 1918 roAa b otfcraiioBKe nanaBmeftcH rpa>KAaH- CKOH BOHHbl OHH IIOArOTOBHAH H fTOAHH.IH KyJiam<Hii MHTOK B CeJie AMHTpHeBKe h oKpy>Kaiom.HX cro c&nax. M htch< 6 u a 6bicrpo iio - AaBJICH. O co6 emio 6 ojibiHoe 3 iiaHeiiHe hmbji pa3rpoM AyTOBmHHbi h boc- CTaiioBjieinie Cobctckoh BjiacTH b OpeH6 ypre, KOTophiii hbah.ich 3BCHOM, CBH3biBaioiu.HM CoBeTCKyio P occhio co CpeAHeft A3new H Ka3aXCT3H0M. riapTHB H CoBCTCKOe ripaBHTeAbCTBO yAGJIHJIH pa3rpo- wy AyTosuiHHbi orpoMHoe bhkm 3Hhc. 3 thm BonpocoM 3aHii.via.icH JIHHHO B. H. JletiHH. B 6 opb6 c c AyTOBCKHMH 6ailA3MH npHHHJIH >rHa- CTHe H TpyAHLUHCCH Cbip-^apbHHCKOfi OU.iacTH. B COCTaB «>Ke.ie3HO- AopojKHoro o6-beAHiieHiioro oTpnAa* Kpaciiofi raapAHH, iiacTynaBine- ro Ha Open6 ypr co CTopoiibi AKTK>6 niicKa, bxoahji h riepoBCKHM KpaCHOPBapACHCKHH OTpHA, COCTOHBHJHH H3 KpaCHOTBapACHUeB Ka- 3aAHHCKa, TypKecraira h A pynix >Ke.ie3noAopo>Kiibix ct3huhh OpeH- GyprcKo-TaiuKCHTCKOH >kc;ic3hoh Aoporn. HHHUHaTHBa C03A3HHH FIcpoBCKoro KpacnorBapAeftcKoro orpnAa npHH3A.ie>Ka.ia paGomivi IlepoBCKa. 24 ACKaCpn 1917 roAa b IlepoB- cKe cocTOHJiocb o6 mee cofipanne Kpaciiofi rBapAHH coBMecmo c >kc- .163)IOAOp0>K11bIMH pa6 oMHMH H TOpOACKOH 6 eAHOTOHL. Ila CoGpaHHH o6 cy>KAa.TicH nonpoc o GopbGe c AyTOBCKHMH 6aHA3MH. Bbi.ao perneHo nociaTb Ae.ieraiiHio b KOAimecTBe 5 le.ioBCK no bccm y3JioBHM cTan- U.HHM C npH3bIB0M 0 p ra H H 3 0 B a T b OTpHAU AAH (jO p bG b ! IipOTHB / Iy T O - Ba. 3Ta Ac-ierauHH npoBejia arHTannoHHyio pa6 oTy Ha era iiiihhx A wycaAbi, Ka3a.mHCKt Apajibcnoe Mope, HeAKap, 3M6a, A ktio6 hhck, Ax-ByjiaK. Ha bccx 3thx cTanuunx b Kpacuyio TBapAHio 3anHCbiBa- .nocb MHoro AoCpoBOAbueB. 11 HiiBapH 1918 roAa FlepoBCKHH KpacHO- rBapAeHCKHfi OTpHA BHCTynHA b cTopoHy OpcnGypra BCJieA 3a Taui- K6HTCKHM OTpHAOM. I lo nyTH K HHM npHCOeAHHHAHCb AO^pOBOJIblUJ, 1 UFAOP Y36CKCK0H CCP, (J). 25, on. 1, A. 19, a . 76. 36

3anHcaBmnecji naKanyne b p h a h Kpacnoii rnapAHH. B cero b IlepoB- ckom oTpaae 6 u.no 220 ujtwkob. TypnecTaucKHe KpacHorBap^efiubi 0TB.neKviH q a c T b cha AyTOBa. 3 thm ohh noMorjiu ochobhmm chasm K pacHoft reapAHH, HacTynaBLUHM Ha OpenOypr co CTopoiibi craHUHH Byay.iyK, 3aBepujHTb pa3rpow ziyTOBCKHx 6 aHn . Pa3rpoM AyTona b paftone OpenOypra, cymecTBeirHO h3mo.hhb- uihh BoeHno-ncwiHTHqecKyfo oOcTanoBKy b TypnecraHe b ncwib3y cha peBOJHOlXHH, N03B0AHA .'ICpCOpOCHTb TypKCCTaiICKHe peBOAlOUHOHHbie qacTH a a h j iHKBHAauHH caMapKaHACKoro h KOKaHACKoro onaroB KoiiTppeBo.aioiiHH. U o r CTaimweft P octobucbo caMapxaiiACKHe h Ta ni- kghtckhc paOownc HanecAH 6cAOK33aKavi cHAbiibift yAap. H a paccBe- Te 18 (|>eBpajHT pa6oiTHe OTpsiAbi, coeAHHiiBiuiicb c bohck3 mh, tojibko mto npHObiBLUHMH c OpeH6yprci<oro c|)poirra, ^BHny.iHCb iia Cawap- naim. 19 (j)eBpajiB 1918 roAa «Hama ra3CTa» cooOmajia, *ito «C a- MapKaiW c Ooe.M 3aH3T COBeTCKHMH BOHCKaMH»'. MHTe^K 0eJIOKa3aHb- hx HacTCH n paHoiie CaMapxaiiAa 6bia ah kbh ah po b3h . IlOMTH OAHOBpCMeilHO 6bIA AH KBH AH pO Bail KOKH1JACKHH Oli a r KOHTp- peBOJHOUHH. I l a nOMOIRb KOKan/U'KtfM paOoHHM 6bIAH IIOC.iaHbl KPaCHO- rBap/ie.HCKne o rp H A b i H3 T a n iK e H T a , O e p r a H b i, A H A K > K a iia , F le p o B - cna (80 h c j io b c k ) 2. B pe3yAi->Tare B o e m ib ix a c h c t b h h 6 a n a h H p r a r n a ObriH pa3rpoM JieH bi h «K o K a H A C K a n aBT0H0MH*i» AHKBHAHpoBana. B K o n a H A e a a h o x p a iib i nopyiAKa a o C03AariHH C o B e ra 6 h a o c ra B A e n riepOBCKHft K pacnorBapAeftcK H H otpba. 3a y c iic m n o e BUiioAHeHHe 3 a A a iiH fi n n o B b co3AannLJH K o x a iiA C K H H C obct oObJiBHA o T p a A y O jia- ro A a p iio c T b . P a 3rpow ochobhlix onaroB KOHTppeBO/nouHH b TypicecTane cn- rpa.i pemaiomyio poAb b ynponennif C obgtckoh ba3 cth b Cbip-Jlapb- HHCKOH oOAaCTH. IlonblTKa HHOCTpaHHbIX HMnepHaAHCTOB COBMCCTHO c OcvTorBan/ieHiiaMii h 6ypA\\ya3HbiMH iiauHonaAncraMH BOcnpeiiHTCT- BOBaTb no6 cAC BeAHKOft OKTHOpbCKOH COUHa.aHCTHHCCKOH peBOAIOHMH b TypnecTaHe ripoRaAHAacb. B acac yripoHCHiia C obctckoh bahcth orpoMHyio poAb curpaAa 6opb6 a 0o.ibmeBHCTCKOH napTHH h CoBeTcxoro npanuTejibCTBa 3a MHp, 3a BblXOA H3 HMliepHa;iHCTHqeCKOft BOfilJM. B 3TOM B3>KHGHIIieM Bonpoce, peuiaBiucM cyAbObi moaoaoh CoBe.TCKoft pecnyOAHKH, 6 oab- UieBHKH CblD-iZapbHHCKOft o6A3CTH 33HHAH npaBHAbHhie riapTHftHblC I703HH.HH, HOAAep>KaB AGHHllCKyrO FTOJIHTHKy OophObI 33 MHp. TpyAHiunecH Maccu o6.iacTH, pyKOBOAHMbic CoAbUjennKaMH, b cbocm noAanjiBiomeM OaiburnHCTBc no;uiep>KajiH pemeiiHJi V I I cbe3Aa napTHH h MpeaBbHiaHHoro IV BcepoccHHCKoro rbeaAa CoBeTOB o pa- TH<t)TTKaUHH MHpHOrO AOrOBOpa C rcp.YiailHeH. Tax. 16 MapTa 1918 roAa 061n.ee coOpaiiHe pa6oHHX h cJiy>KaiuHX CTanuHH TypxecTaH, npoxoAHBiiie.e noA pvkoboactbom OojibiuenHKOB, b CBoefi pc30AionHH no Bonpocy o MHpe 3annca/io, hto «cHHTaeT noA- 1 llo6e^a BejiHKoft OKT«fiphCKOM couHa^HCTuqecKofi peBOJiiouHH b TypKecTa- He. ronnojiHTHi^aT Y 3 CcKCKofi CCP, 1947, crp. 129. 2 C6opmiK «PeBOJiiouHH b Cpe^Heft A 3 hh», t. II, TauiKeiiT, 1929, CTp 71. 37

rracaHHe MHpa iieoOxoAHMbiM, c tgm wtoOlj AaTb neKOTopyjo nepeAbiui- ny paCoMHM, co.iAaTaM h KpeCTbsuiaM, b to >Ke BpeMH coopraiiH30BaTb peBOJIIOUHOHHbie CHJIbl*1. n e p B b ie inarn k counajiH 3M y b p a H ee oTC Tajiofl KOJioHnajibHOH O K paH H e, C u p -A a p b H H C K o ft 0 6 .iaCTH, CblJlH H C p aspb IB lIO CBH3aHbI c TeMH peBOJHOUHOIIIIO-3KOIIOMHMeCKHMH MepoIIpHHTHH\\1 H, KOTOpbie A^- KpeTHpoBajio h Ha^aJio ocymecTBJiHTb ConeTCKoe npaBareJibCTBO bo rjiaBe c B. H. JlenHHWM. H a ochobc AeKpeTon UeiiTpajibHoro npaBHTejibCTBa C H K Typxe- CTaHCKoro Kpan iiaunoiiajiH3HpoBaji 6 h h kh , naxoAUBLUJiecn b Tam- KeHTe, CeMHpeqencKyfo >KeJie3Hyio Aopory12, ApajibCKoe napoxoACTBO, npHHaA*ie>KaBUjee aKUHOHepHOMy oomecTBy «X H B a »3. B co6ctbch- h o ctl couHa^HCTH'iecKoro rocyAapcTBa nepeiujia O pen6 yprcKo-Tam- KeHTCKaff >KCJie3Hafi Aopora. BecHOH 1918 roAa 6 i>ijih iiau.HonajiH3H- poBanbi npeAnpnjiTMB xjio iik o b o A, KaMeimoyrojibHoft, nojiurpacpnqe- ckoh npoMbiiuJieHHOCTH, naxoAHBiuHcca b TaiiiKGHTe h cro yc3Ae.4 BMecTc c tcm <5biJia ocymecTBjicHa nauHOHajiH3aiiHH HenoTopbix npo- Mbim^eHHbix npeAnpHHTHft h b Apyrnx ye3Aax. B mjih iiaunoFiajiH3H* p on a H b i xJionKOOTHCTHTe-'ibHbte saBO AH , H hm kcijtckhh caH roH H H iibift 3anoA5, JlcurcpcKHe yrojibiibie Konn. JlpaKTH'iccKyio pa6 oTy no npoBCACHHio b >KH3Hb AenpeTOB o na- li.HOHaJlH3an.HH IlpeAnpHHTHft OCyilI.CCTBJ15UIH MCCTHUC CoBGTbl. HaCTO ohh BucrynajiH HHHmiaTopaMH b AeJie HanH0HajiH3au.HH iipeAnpiia- THH. ApajibCKite npoMuuiJiCHHHKH BcaqecKH caCSoTHponaJiH Meponpun- t h h CoBeTCKoft BjiacTH, CTapajiHCb noAopBaTb pa6 oTy npoMbicjiOB c TeM, *rro6 hi BbJ3BaTb neAOBOJibCTBo patfo^nx. TorAa ApajibCKHH Co- BeT peninji B3HTb Aejio ynpa»jiei>HH npoMbicJiaMH b cboh pyxn. 13 Map- Ta 1918 roAa oh nocjiaji b TaiiiKciir cjicAyiomyio TejicrpaMMy: «Hene>KHbie 3iiaKH MecTiiux KanHTajniCTOB-pbiGonpoMbiuiJieHHH- ko b Hcne3JiH. H h k3kh x Mcp k onjiaTe TpyAa cjiywamHX na npOMbic- Jiax h k opraiiH3aunif 3aKyni<H BeceHHero yjiOBa o h h ne npHHHMaiOT. ripoMbicjibi MoryT norn^HyTb. EAHHCTBemibiH BbixoA — SKCTpeniiaa nepeAana ynpaBJieiiHH sceio rrpoMbiiujieHHOCTbio b HaAe>KHbre pyKH KOMHCcapa, npeAaHHoro napoAHOMy Aejiy. C stoft nejihio MecTHhift CoBAen BbiAejiHA npoMbinuieHHyK) ceKumo h Ha3Hamui KOMHccapa npoMbniuieiniocTH. TIpocHM yTBepac'ienHH a ah neMCAJicimoro pa3BH- th h ObiCTphix siieprumrux AeftcTBHH»6. 1 U rA O P Ka3CCP, (p. 467', on. 1, A- 3, jj. 26 ( i£oha nepeAaH b IO>kho- Ka3 axcTaHCKHfi oGjirocapxnii). 2 Ilofiejia BejiHKOH OKTaGpbCKOfi cotuiajiHcnmecKOH peBojnonHH b TypKecia- HC, rocnojiHTH3AaT Y36eKCKOft CCP, 1947, CTp. 170— 171. 3 «H3bcc™ji I-IHK TypnecTaHCKOM pecriyOJiHKH*, JvTe 129, 21 HoaCpn 1918 r CTp. 4. r ** 4 HauHona^H3auHji npoMtjuxjieiihocth b CCCP, rocnojiHTii3AaT, 1954, crp. 360, 362, 370. 5 IIo6eAa Bcjihkoh OKTatfpbCKOH conHajiHCTHHOCKOH pcbojiiouhw b Typne- CTaHe, rocnoj!HTH3AaT y36c*KCKoft CCP, 1947, CTp. 185. 6 U rA O P Y3 6 eKCKOH CCP, 25, on. I, a . 105, a . 108. 38

B cbh3h c 3thm CoBeT HapoAHbix KoMHecapoB TypKecraHCKoro Kpan 26 MapTa 1918 roAa m & a ji AenpeT o nan.HOHaAH3au.mi pbiGHbix npoMucjiOB GbiBiiiero aramoiiepnoro oGmecTBa « X hbh» iia ApajibCKOM Mope. /XcfiTejibHocTb 6ojiee moakhx npcAnpuiniMaTeAeii 6 biJia nocTaB- jieua noA KOirrpoAb ApajibCKoro CoBeTa paGownx h coAAaTCKHx Aeny- T a T O B 1. 06o6iuecTBAeHHe cpeACTB npoH3BOACTBa a npoMtiiimenhocth noA- pbiBaAO aKono.MHMecKyio 6a3y KannT3AH3Ma h co3AaBaAo ycjioBHH aah B03HHKHOBGHMH H p33BHTHH HOBbIX, COUHaAHCTHHCCKHX npOH3BOACT- BeHHblX OTHOIUeHHft. C Beciibi 1918 roAa BMecTe co bcch cTpanoH TpyAHiuneca oGAacTH npHCTyniiAH k ocymecTBAeiinio AeiiHHCKoro n A an a counaAHCTHuecKO- ro CTpOHTeAbCTBa. Co3AaBaACH HOBblH, COBeTCKHH XOBHHCTBeHHblH annapaT. B (j)eBpaAe 1918 roAa npn TaiiJKeHTCKOM CoBere GbiA oGpa30BaH iiepBbifl b TypKeeraiie Cobct HapoAHoro xo3hhctb3. 31 MapTa 1918 roAa Gu a C03AaH Cbip-AapbHHCKHH oGAacTHOH CoBeT HapoAHoro xo- 35ificTBa.12 B wapTe 1918 roAa aaji ynpaBAeumi Apa.ibCKOH puGonpo- MbmiAeiiiiocrbio 6 biJia oprann30Bana npoMbiiUACHHaH ceKiina npn ApaAbCKOM CoBeTe.3 B Mae 1918 roAa Gu a oGpa30Ban TypnecTaH- CKHii ropoACKOH CoBeT napoAHoro xo3nficTBa.4 B nanaAe hioiih 1918 roAa opraHH30BaAacb ceKUHH napoAiioro xo3HHCTBa npn AyAHe-ATHH- ckom CoBCTe.5 nocTenemio MecTHke CoBeTbi HapoAHoro xo3flftcTBa paaBepHyAH paGoTy no HaAa>KHBamuo 3KoiiOMH4ecKOH >kh3Hh oGAa- CTH, AeATeAbHOCTH HaUH01faAH3HpOBaHHbIX npeAnpHHTHH. ArpapHbrft Bonpoc b Cbrp-/IapbHHCKOH oGAacTH pa3peniaAcn na ocnoBe AciiHiicKoro AexpeTa o 3eMJie. Ha nepBbrx nopax arpapirwe npeo6pa3oBaHHA inah no ahhhh AHKBHAau.Hn noMemmibero 3e.\\iAe- BAaAeilHJI H yHH4TO>KeHIIH npHOHAGTHH KOAOHH3aTOpCKOrO KyAaneCTBa b 3eMAenoAb30B3HHH b 3eMAeAeAbuecKHX paiionax. Ha 9thx bgmahx C03A3BaAHCb nOKa3aTCAbHbie COBeTCKHe X03HHCTB3, KOAAeKTHBIIbie X03JlftCTBa, HAH 3eMAH pa3AaBaAaCb 6eAHHK3M. Tan, b TaniKCHTCKOM ye3Ae GbiAa npoBeAeHa HaunonaAH3amiJi Kpymibix npoMbiuiAeHiibix caAOB h BHiiorpaAHHKOB. B MapTe 1918 ro­ Aa Gliah nauHouaAH3HpoBaHbi hmchhh «KariAaM6 eK» h «KeHcaH», a TaK>KC 40 caAOBbix h BHuorpaAapcKHx xo3hhctb npoMbiuiACHiioro 3 i i a - 4CHHH o6 meii nAomaAbio 1 863 agchthhw. HanHonaAH3 HpoBaAHCb 3eMAH, npHHaAAe>KaBiriHe KpyniiuM 6 aHM-i|)eoAaAa.\\i. HauHOHaviH3auHu 3cmah h Kpymibix xo3hhctb novieiuHHbcro h xa- nHTaAHCTHHecKoro Tuna npoBOAHAacb h b Apyrnx ye3Aax oGAacTH. Tax, b AyAHe-ATHHCKOM yesAe Gbiao HanHOHaAH3HpoBano HMeirne (caAbi) Kpymioro 3eMACBAaAeAbua HBanoBa. B ccachhh Kom-TioGe 1 «H:ii:ecTHH U.HK TypKecTaiicKofi pecny6jiHKn», 129, 21 nonCpa 1018 r. dp. 4. 2 TauiKCHTCKHft oGarocapxHB, (1). 2, on. 1, a. 78, a. 20. 3 TaM >kc, a. 77, a. 49. 4 LirA O P KasCCP. 7, a. 7, a. 89. 5 /IwaMflyncKiiH ofinrocapxHB, tj). 61, on. 1 , a. 2 , a. 12 -o6. 39

Ayjine-ATHiiCKoro yc3/ia ocem>io 1918 roAa Gmah oToGpaHbi h3A hiu- HHe 3eM.TH y 15 Kpynnux KyjiaxoB.1 3 cmjih GbiJiw nepcAanbi Ge33e- Me^hiibiM h Ma/ioaeMejibiihiM KpecTbHHa.M h pacnpcACAemj no ripwFi- uHiiy ypamiHTejibiioro 3eMJienojib30BaHHH. ripeAceAaTejib Koin-Tio- 6HHCKoro CoBeTa b cbocm othctc o ACHTCAbiiocTH CoBCTa nncaji: « B iiacTomuce BpeMH b cejieimn Kom-TioGe 211 abopob, KOTopue Bee HMeior yca^bCw h nojiHBHbie nanimt npnGAH3HTeAbHo b oAHHaKO- B b ix pajwepax. Pawbiue >Ke Gujio cobccm ue t o . Paiibin c Gu a o hojito- p a ^ ecH T K a Kpyinibix 3 eM .ieB A a A C A b iieB , 70 a b o p o b ... c ycaAbGaMH b 3 — 5 /xecHTHH,\"\"a o c T a A b H b ie , CBhiiue 100 — G a r p a K H , y T o n a B iu n e b AO.irax y Gora^eft h yMHpaBiUHe or rojioaa h n e n o c H A b n o r o TpyAa»12. B hm ohaax «K an jiaM 6 eK » ii «KencaH>, b hmcfihh MBaHOBa h a p * Guam co3^aiibi iiOKa3aTe.abHbic coBCTCKHe xo3HHCTBa. BMecTo c. tom coiAaBajfHCb h ncpBhie KOJiJieKTHBiibie xo3flficTBa. B MapTe 1918 roAa Cbip-ZlapbHHCKHft C H K nocTanoBiw Bbi/xarb 1-My couHa.iHCTH'iccKOMy Ko^iJiCKTHBy xAeGopoGoB ccyAy b pa3Mcpc GO 000 pyoAeft, OTnye.THTh 20 AoiuaAcft, 14 Te.ner, 150 AonaT, 150 khpok, 4 ccAAa, 2 Gomkh h 407 nyAOB cchb.3 KoAAeKTHBHbie h noKaaaTeAbiibie coneTCKne xo3ntf- CTBa Obi.’iH iiopBWMH onaraMH couHa.iHCTHqecKoro yjuia^a b ccAbCKOM X03HHCTBG oGAaCTH. CoBeTbi npoBo^HjiH GoAbiuyio paGoTy no ypaBHeHHio npaB Ha 3eM- aio Ka3axcKHx, pyccKHX h Apyrux tpvahihhxch KpccTbHH. B cenepo-3ana;iHbix pawonax (iiepoBCKOM h Ka3ajiHHCK0M yea- A a x ), tao npeoOjiaAajio KoneBoe ckotoboactbo, a TaiOKe b ckotoboa- qecKHx pafioiiax Apyrwx ye3>ioB noApwB 3KOHOMH9ecKon chjili Kyjia- qeCTBa h GaiicTBa ocymecTBAHAca nyTew oGAoweiiHH iiaAoraMH h HaCTIIHHOH KOIIcJ)HCKaUHH HMyiHOCTBa (lOpT, CKOTO H Ap-)- TaK, B K hII- TyGcKOH boaocth IlepoBCKoro ye3Aa Gau h KyAaKK Guam o 6jio>KeHbi b MapTe 1918 roAa KoiiTpHGyiiHeH b cyMMe 91 t h c . pyGACH. K ohtph- 6yu.Hn b 50 Tbic. pyGjieft Gbuia FiaAOKena iia 6aeB HoraftKypimcKofi, tIhjihkckoh, HKancKOH, MaraTaeBCKoft h XajiTarcKon roaoctch Typ- KecTancKOro yqacTKa HHMKeHTCKoro ye3Aa.4 P a 3pemcHHe 3eMejibnoro aonpoca npowcxoAHAo b oGeTaHOBKe o>KecToqeHHOH KJiaccoBofi GopbGbi. IloMemHKH, 6 aii-t|)eoAaAbi h Kyjia- qecTBo 0Ka3biBa.aH Geinenoe conpoTHBAeiine nponeAennio b >KH3Hb ACKpeTa o 3eMJie. FIomciuhkh, BJiaAeBiime npeHMyiuccTBemro xo35ni- CTB8MH CneUViaAbHblX C.eJlbCKOX03BHCTBCHllbIX KyAbTyp, BCOMH MepaMK nwTaAHCb BOcnpenaTCTBOBaTb co3AaiiHfo na hx 3eMAnx noKa3aTe.ib- Hbix COBeTCKHX X03HHCTB, paCXHIAa.TH KanifTajIU H HMyfACCTBO, onra- HH30Bi>iBaJiH nopMy ce.ibCKoxoaarfCTBeiiHbi’X npoAyKTos h t . a . Ban- (JjeoAaAbi, HcnoAb3yn liaTpuapxa^biio-^eoAavibHbie nepe>KHTKH, cTa- pa.iHCb coxpaHHTb cboio BJiacTb HaA GeAiioToft.5 HcnoAh3ya cnoe BAHJinne Ha aptJK-aKcaKaAOB h MHpaGoB, GaH iipoAaBa-iH lieoGxoAH- 1 AwnMGy.iCKHfi oGjirocapxHB, 4>. 50, on. 1, a. 10. jwi. 161, 162. 2 T aM )KC 3 U fA O P y 36okckoh CCP, <f). 25, on. 1, a. 15, jiji. 140, 154. 4 IirAO P KasCCP, cp. 467. on. 1. a. 11, a. 73. 5 «HapoziHoe xo3flftcTuo TypKecTaH2», X2 8, 1919, crp. 17. 40

Myio aah nojiHBa boav, AHiuaa TpyjaameecH KopeHHoe HaceAemie caMoro neoOxoAHMoro d 3acymjiHBbix panoHax o&iacTH — boau h oCpeKaa hx Ha toaoa. Tpy^jimeecn HacejieHHe oomecTBa «Ba3ap-ApMK» b 3aaBJicHHH na hmb npeAce^aTejiH TypnecTancKoro C oB da nHcaAo: «M u , o6 mecr- bo « 5 a3ap-A pu K », HaxoAHMca na xpaio roaoja, gcah He 6 yAyT npn- KHTbl Mepbl AAH IJ3M B HOMOlUb H3 KaKOTO-AHCo apbIKa BO/lbl. B cnpaBeAJiHBocTH Hauiero aaaBJieiiHH ot Bcero oftmecTBa apbina «E a 3 a p » m u y 6eAHTejibHCHLue npocHM na3iiaHHTb komhcchio H3 jihu, nO.Tb3yK)LUHXCH AOBepne.M, H T3K, WTOtfbl B COCTaB 3T0H KOMHCCHH BO- lhah 6bi ne apbiK-aKcaKa.ibi h He MHpaOu, a Anna >KCAe3HOAopo>KHbie, KOTopbiM m u BepiiM... Hac HHTepecyeT, Ky^a A^BaAacb boas, A^HHaa na.M b noMoiub a ah noiiHBa. Ilo cAyxa.vr. oua new-to n p ojia n a »l. 3 tot AOKy.Meur, CBHAeTeAbCTByiomiifi 06 oGocTpemm KAaccoBofi Copb6u 3a 3eM-iio h BOAy, HHTepeceH Tak>kc b tom oiiioiueiiHH, mto roBopHT o pocre K-raccOBoro c.aMoco3HanHH TpyAOBoro Ka3axcKoro KpecTbHHCTBa. 06painaaeb b TypnecTaiicKHH Cobct, TpyABiUHecH-Ka- 3axH iipocar C03AaTb komhcchk) He H3 npeACTaBUTeAefi crapofi c|>eo- AaAbHO-6awcKOH BepxyuiKH, a H3 pa6oHHX->Kejic3HOAopoH<nHKOB—■ npeACTaBHTCvieii CoBeTCKoii babcth. TpyAOBoe KpccrbancTBo Bee 60- Aee co3Hana.io npoTHBonoAo>KnocTb cbohx HHTepecoB HHTcpecaM 6aeB-cbeoAajioB. H a CBoeM coGcTBeimoM oribiTe 0110 y 6e>KAa.aocb, hto To.TbKO CoBeTCKaa BJiacTb Morjia AencTBUTeAbno no.vio'ib hm yjiya- IUHTb CBOIO >KH3IIh. j^OBepHe H nOAA^p>KKa TpyAOBMM K333XCKHM Kpe- CTbHHCTBOM CoBCTCKOH BJiaCTH HMeAa OrpOMlIOe 3HaneHHe B ACJie ynponeHAfi ee. KyAaqecTBO Taione oKa3MBaAo o>KecToueiiHoe conpotHBACHHC npo- BeAeHHIO B >KH3Hb 3aKOH3 O 3CMAG, OHO CTapaAOCb BO HTO 6hl TO HH cTa.ao coxpaiiHTb cboh 3e.\\iAH. «/IeBbie» acepu, aaceBinne b CooeTax ofviacTH, Bce.MH McpaMH crpeMHAncb coxparufTh nyAanKoe ae.Mjie- noAb30BaHHe, BUABHiiyB A03ynr iipeAocTaBACHna Ky.nauKOMy xo3hh- CTBy CTOJlbKO 3eMJIH, CKOAbKO OHO B COCTOBHHH 6bIJI0 o6pa(5oTaTb. 3a „703ynroM cKpwaaAacb 3am.HTa KyAaxa, cTpeMACiwe coxpaiiHTb ero SKOHOMHMecKVio CHAy. 3 tot A03ynr ycmiemio oTcraHBaAH, iianpn- Mep, «A eB u c» 3cepu b AyAne-ATHHCKOM ye3Ae. B npoaecce 6opb(3u 3a paspemcHHe 3e\\feAbHoro Bonpoca b 1918 roAy 6anM-cf)eoAaAaM h KyAauecTBy 6u a nanecen yAap, ho pa3rpoM> jicwbi ohh He f)bi;in. 3 to o6i.aciiHeTCH o6meft couna;ibHo-3KOHoMHiie- CKOH OTCTa,TOCTbK) Kpafl, HeMHOrOHHCAeilHOCThIO HHAyCTpHaA£>HBIX pa6owHx, iiajiHMHeM b ay,ie h khilia axe naTpnapxaAbHo-poAOBux ncpe- >khtkob, 3a KOTopue ueiiKo Aep>KaAHCb 6an-(()eoAaAi>i. CoBeTbi oojiacTH yAe.iBAH 6oAbuioe BiniMaHne pa3peuieiiHio npo- AOBO.ibCTBeHiioro oonpoca. C npoaoboabctbhew, oco6eimo c xAe6oM, b oC-'iacTH 6uao oneiib TpyAHO. CnAbno oGocrpHAca npoAOBOAbCTBeH- huh Bonpoc b CBH3H c 33XB3TOM /lyTOBUM OpeH^ypra, kotab iiohth coBepareicno npcKpaTHAcn hoab03 xac6a d TypnccTaH. HaceAeHHe b 1 U fA O P Ka3CCP, 4>. 4G7, on. 1, R. 9, jui. 3, 4. 4!

ropoAax, ayjiax h KHinjiaKax rcuiOAa.no. CoBeTbi npOBOAHAH paOoTy iio opranH3anHH decriJiarnbix ctojiobwx, riHTaTCAbHhix nyHKTOB, no c6 opy cpcactb a a *i rojioAaK)m.ero HaceAeunn, bcjih 6opb6y co cne- KyjiHmien, peKBH3HpoBajni jojihlukh xjieGa y KyjiaKOB h 6 aeo h pa3- AaBajiH cro OeAHOTe. T sk , 20 MapTa 1918 roAa ApajibCKH# Cobct na CBoeM 3acc/iaHHH nocTanoBHJi: «OrKpbiTb oeciuiaTi-iyio ciojioByjo jinn CeAiicnujHX ro^oAaioLUHx MycyjibMaH».‘ 16 aiipejin 1918 roAa Cwp- JXapbHHCKifPf C H K accunionaji b pacnopa>KeHHe IlepoBCKoro h Ka3a- jiHHCKoro ye.3AHbix CoBeroB no 5 000 pyojieii, a AyjiHe-ATHHCKoro, MnMKCHTCKoro, TypKecTaucKoro Cobctob no 10 000 pyG/ien j u i n ycT- poffCTBa OccnjiaTHbix CTOJioBbix.12 Bojibiuyio p a6oTy no opraHH3auHH nnTaTCjibiiwx nyHKTOB npoBOAtfJi AyjiHe-ATHHCKHH C obct. H a npoTH- >KeHHh 1918 ro.ua b ye3Ae 6 biJio oTKphiTO 7 riHraTevibHbix nyHKTOB.3 J\\jih co3;iaHHH (|>OHAa rojioAaiomHx C obct ycraHOBHA na Becb npo;ia- BacMbiH Ha 6 a3ape b rop. AyjiHe-Are ckot Hajior; peKBH3HpoBaji /win co3Aanha nHTaTejibHbix nyHKTOB iopTbi y OoraTbix Ka3axoB.4 P a 6 oimc >KeJie3Ho;iopo>KHbix cTaHUHH h ropoAOB odJiacTH oprauH- 30BajiH c6op cpeACTB atih rojiOAaiomero HacejieHHH ayjioii h KHtiiJia- kob.5 Bojibiuyio noMoiu.b CoBeTaM b 3tom 0Ka3biBajiH npoiJieccHOHajib- HUC COK)3bI. B BiiBape 1918 roAa TypKecrancKHH ncnojiKOM b cbh3h c TH/Ke- JILIM npOAOBOJIbCTBCHHbIM nOAOKCHHCM peUIHJI pCKBH3HpOBaTb miieHH- uy y KyjiaKoa h Gaeo b rop. TypKecrane h b cejienHax, pacnoao- JKCHHblX BGJIH3H >KeJie3HOH AOporH.6 rioMOiub, oK33aHHaH CobctckoA BjiacTbio b nepBue ahh ee cyiue- cTBOBaHHH OeAHefiiiieMy HacejieHHio ayjia h KHimiaKa, cnocoOcTBO- Bajia pocry ee aBTopuTera u bjikhhhh. Ona yKpe.njiHJia ;u>Bepne Tpy- AHLuerocn KpecTbancTBa k CoseTCKOH BjiacTH, hto cnoco6cTBOBajio ee ynpoHCHHio. Em in cAejiaHbi nepBbie uiarn b oOjiacTH coneTCKoro KyAbTypiioro CTpoHTejibCTBa. Bojibuioe 3iiaHeiiHe hmcjio otkpljthc HauHOHa.abiibix llikoji, BseACHHe oOyneHHfl na poAHOM H3biKe. TaK, b aBrycre 1918 ro- Aa b TypnecTaHCKOM yeaAe peuieno 6biJio oTKpbiTb 40 hobljx lukoji, H3 hhx 32 a *th Ka3axoB h 8 a -ih y36eK0B, ajih Hero 3a no.MoiUbio o6pa- THTbCH b KoMHccapiiar napoAHoro npocBemennH PC 3>C P.7 BoAblUOe BHHMaHHe OTKpbITIlIO HaU.HOHajlbHbIX HIKOJI yAeJIHJIH B AyjiHe-ATHHCKOM ye3Ae. B AOKJiaAe na 11 ci>e3Ae C obctob Ayjine- ATHiicKoro ye3Aa b ceHTa6 pe 1918 roAa KOMHecap HapoAHoro o6 pa- 30BaHH5I VKa3bIBajI, HTO «OAHOH H3 Ba>KHeHUJHX JIBJUIAOCb OT- KpHTHC HaUHOHaAbHbIX L1IKOJI, BBeACHHC oOyHCHHH na pOAHOM H3HKe»8. 1 TaiuKeHTCKHH o<).ircx:apxKB, (J>. 2, on. 1, a. 77, ji. 50. 2 TaM >k c , 2, on. 1, a . 78, j\\. 83. 3 AacaMCy.icKiiii oCjirocapxnB; <}). 11, on. 2, A- 16, ji. 54. 4 A^aMCyjicKHfl o6jirocapxHB, 4> 61, on. 1, n. 2, ji. 13-o6. LirAOP KaaCCP, 467. on. 1, a. 21, ji. 65. 6 TaM >Ke, 7, on. 1, a. 4, ji. 1. 7 Taw >Ke, (j). 467, on. 1, a . 4, Ji. 52. 8 ZlxoMGyjiCKHH o6;irocapxKB, c}). 11, on. 2, a . 16, ji. 48. 42

B uejiflx fkw o to bkh yqHTejibCKHX i<a/;pon ajih o6yiieHHn Kopen- Horo iiacejieiiHH b Ayjm c-ATe 6 b u w oTKphirbi crreruiajibHwe Kypcbi.1 HaMHHaHHH no co3AaHHio nauHonavibiioH iukojiu, bbcachhc oCy- Ha POAHOM H3hIKe T3K>Ke CnOCO(jCTBOBajIH pOCTy AOBepHH KO- pcHHoro iiauHona^bHoro HaccjieiiHH k C obctckoh BjiacTH. rioCeAa BeJIHKOH C>KTH6pbCKOft COUHaJIHCTHHeCKOH peBOJUOUHH nojio>KH.na nanajio HauHonajibHOMy B03po>KAeHHio panee \\THeieiiHbix irapoAOB, CTpoHTGJibCTBy coaeTCKofi iiauHoiiajibHofi rocy/iapcTBejmo- cth. B HCTopHMecKHX AOKyMeiiTax «,HeKJiapauHH npaB HapoAOB Poc- chh» , «K o bccm TpyaaiuHMCH MycyjibMaiiaM P occhh h BocroKa» 6bUiH npoB03rjiaiueHLi nporpaMMiibie npiiHUHnu cobctckoS HaimoHajibHoft iiojihthkh. HapKOMaT no nauHoira^bHhiM AeJiaM, B03rjiaBji5ieMbift W. B. CraJiHHbiM, pa3BcpHyji orpoMHyio pa6oTy no npaxTHnecKOMy ocymecrarreHino JieiiHucKofi HamionajibiioH hoahthkh. J l e j i o ynpemieHHH CoBercKofi BjiacTH b TypKecTane, b tom MHCJie H B Cbip-jHapbHIICKOH o6A3CTH, 6 bIJIO Hepa3pUBHO CBH3aHO C LIIHpO- khm BOB.acneHHeM TpyAHmHXCH Macc KopeHHoro nacejieiiHH b couna- jTHCTHnecKOG cTpoHTejibCTBO. 3 to hcbo3mo>kho 6ujio cAejiaTb 6e3 ocy- mecTBJieHHH cobctckoh a-BTOHoMHH 3thx oKpamr. O^naKo 3 a XLa m i AeumicKoft HauHOHa^ibHOH iiojihthkh He ocerAa npaBiuibHo noHHMa- jiHCb b TypKecTane. MacTb pyKOBOAnnuix paGoTHHKOB, 6 opacb c 6 yp- >Kya3HUMH HauHOHajincraMH h hx TpeGoBaHHeM 6yp>xya3HOH 3btoho- mhh, He cyMejia npoTHBonocraBHTb eft conercKyio bbtoiiomhio, AOiiy- cthb na npaKTHKe cepbe3Hbie ow h 6kh b npoBeAeunn HaunoHajibHoft nojiHTHKH K omMyHHCTHnecKoft napTHH. H a I I I KpaeBOM ci>e3Ae Cobc- tob hc 6uji nocTaBJieii Bonpoc o C obctckoh aBTOHOMHH, h opraHH KpaeBOH BJiacTH ne 6hjih BBeACHbi npeACTaBHTejiH wecTHoro KopeH- Horo iiacejieHHn. Bonpoc o CoseTCKOH 3btohomhh TypnecraHa He ObiJi perncH h Ha IV KpaeBOM cT>e3Ae ConeTOB. O luh6 kh 6oAbincBHKOB TypKecTana, b tom hhcjic h Cbip-ZJapbHii- ckoh ofoiacTH, b HauHOHajibHOM B onpoce GbiJiH npeBaTbi cepbe3HUMH irOJIHTHHCCKHMH nOCJieACTBHHMH. O hH C03AaBaJIH yrpOBy OTpbIBa MecTiioro TpyAOBoro nacejieiiHH ot CoBeTcKoii BjiacTH h o6jicrqajiH 6opb6y 6yp>Kya3Hbix HaunonajiHCTOB npoTHB nee. npeoAojicTb 3th cepbe3iibie nojihthhecKHc ohih6kh 6 aibineBHKH T y p K c c r a i i a , b tom HHCJie h Cbip-^apbHHCKOft o6jiacTH, cyMejiH Jinuib dnaro/iapH pyKoBOAauuiM yKa3aHHHM h nenocpeACTBenhoh noMomH KoMMyiiHCTHHccKoft napTHH ii CoBeTCKoro npaBHTejibCTBa. PynoBOA- CTByHCb yK33aHHHMH KOMMyiHICTimeCKOft napTHH, V KpaeBOft C1>G3A CoBeroB TypKecTancKoro Kpan B b m ec pemeHne 06 o6pa30BaHHH TypKecraiicKoft ACCP, b cocraB KOTOpoft BOLUJia h Cbip-ZIaphHiicKan odnacTb. O(5pa30BaHHe TypKecTaricKoft AC CP noKa3ajio C ojibiueu n- xaM h CoaeraM Bcero TypKecTana h Ka3axcTana o6pasen HauHonajib- Ho-rocyAapCTBCHHoro CTpoHTejibCTBa. 22 anpejin ot hmchh C obctcko- ro npaBHTeAbCTBa 3a noAnwcfiMH B. H. JleiiHHa h H. B. OrajiHHa Chuia nocjiana TejierpaMMa <n>e3Ay CoBeroB TypKecTancKoro Kpan, b 1 JUKaM6yjicKHft o6.irocapxHB, 4). 11* on. 2, a. 16, ji. 48. 43

KOTopoft roBopiuiocb: « M o w c re G biib yB ep eH u, TOBapumn, mto C o b- HapKOM CyAeT ruwiep*KHBaTb aBTonoMHio B a m e ro Kpan hh c o b c tc kh x Han a jiax; mw npHBeicTByeM Banin iiam iHaHw a h rjiy6oK o yBepenu, mto r u nonpoeTc Becb Kpafl cerbio C o bc to b, a c cym ecTByiom uMH yxce CoBeTaMH 6 y A c re AcficTBOBaTb b h o jih o m K O irraK T e* 1. BojibiueBHKH o6 .nacTH nocjic V KpaeBoro ci>e3Aa Cobctob h I c*bC3Aa KJI TypKecTaHa ycHJiHJiH pa6 oTy cpejui Kopeniioro Hace^ie- hhh, cTajiH lunpe npHaneKaTb ero k rocyAapcTBemiOMy CTpoHTejibcT- By. Tan, coctohbuihhch 10— 16 hiohh 1918 roaa I cr>e3A Cobctob A yjiHe-ATHHCKoro yc3Aa npHHHJi peinenne o co3AaiiHH ayjibiiux Co- bctob, o npHBJieneHHH Tpyzwmerocfi Kopeimoro Hace;ie:fMH » p$iAW Kpacuofi A pmhh, 06 H3AaiiHH ra3eTbi Ha Ka3axcKOM h3ukc h AP-21 Bbivia pa3BepnyTa paGora no co3A3hh?o opraHOB Cobctckoh bab- cth b ayjiax h KHiUAanax h hx ynpoqeiiHio. TypKecraHCKail ye3^:ibiS HCnojiKOM b Mae 1918 roAa nocjiaji na MecTa cbohx iipeACTaBHTCjieft, KOTOpbie noMorjiH TpyAhuxhmch opranH30BaTb ayjibiiuc h ccabckhc C obctw. 28 hioah 1918 roAa AyjiHe-ATHHCKHft hciioakom Bunec peuie- H «e 06 opraHH3auHH C obctob b ayjiax, cejiax h boaocthx. npn hc- noJiKOMe 6biJia opraHH30Bana cneuwaAbHaH HHCTpyKTopcKan uiKOjia Aah noAroTOBKH cobctckhx paOoTHHKOB H3 cpe/ibi Mecmoro KopeiiHO- ro HaceJieHHB. OpraHH3auHH C obctob BceAax h ayjiax b Ayjine-ATHH- ckom ye3Ae nponcxoAHJia HanGoAee hhtchchbho actom 1918 roAa. rio3Aiiee Gwao npHCTyiuieno k oprann3anHH C obctob b boaocthx h ayjiax b Ka3ajiHHCKOM, riepoBCKOM h HHMKenTCKOM ycaAax. K cen- T5i6pio 1918 roAa b Ka3aAHHCKOM ye3Ae Gwjih o6pa30BaHbi A ktioGm i- CKHH, AKTOraHCKHH, KaCTeKCKHft BOAOCTHOft H KaMbflUAW-BaUJCKHfl H AlyHHaKCKHH noceAKOBbie CoBAenu.3 B ocTaAbiibix boaocthx opra- HH3aima Cobctob erne He 6 h u ia 3aKOHqeHa. B aBrycre 1918 roAa Gwa opraiiH30BaH ITepoBCKHH ye3Atibifi ko- MHccapnaT no nauHOHaAbHbiM agabm. B ye3A Gm a ii paaocAanu «oco- Gwe opraHH3aTopu a a a opraHH3auHH MycyjibMaucKofi 6eAHOTbt».4 C o3AanHe opraHOB C obctckoh babcth b a y A a x , KHiiiAaKax, ccA ax npoucxoAHAo b oGcTaHOHKe okcctohchhoh KAaccoBoii GopiGbi. Oeo~ AaAbno-GaHCKne s a c m c h t h h KyaaqecTBo Geuieno con pothbji ba neb co3AaHHio hoblix opraHOB BAacTH. Taw, TAe hm He yAauaAoch nocnpc- naTCTBOBatb BO3HHKH0BeHHlO C obctob, OHH CTapaAHCb 3aXB3THTb HX b cboh pyKH. B 3tom hm HcMaAyK) ycjiyry 0Ka3WBaAH 6ypxcya3Hfaie HaUHOIiaAHCTbl H «ACBbie» 3CepbP. OlIH, H3Bpama5i nOAHTHKy COBeT- CKOH BAacTH, yMblOlAeilHO 0praHH3OBLIBaAH CoBCTbl, COCT05IUU1C H3 ny>KAWx 3Ae.MCHT0B, BeAH KOHTppeBojuonHomiyio arHTauHio h noApw- B3AH aB Topm er C obctckoh BAacTH. B pe3yAbTaTe b C obctu npoHH- K3AH My>KAblC 3ACMCHTW H3 CpCAbl KyAaHCCTBa H ^COASAbllO-GaHCKOH BepxyuiKH ayAa. 1 B. H. JleHHH, Coq., t. 36, cip. 445. 2 toaMGy^CKHH oC/irocapxHB, (j). 61, on. 1, a. 2 , jiji. 1 2 . 13, 15. 3 TauiKeHTCKHft oC^rocapxHB, tf). 2 on. 1, a. I l l , juj. 43, 44; a. 27, a. 167. 4 TaM JKe. (1). 2, on. 1, a . 112, a . 158. 44

B npouecce 3toh GophGbi napoAHbie Maccu bcc Goabujc noHHMa.iH, hto hvxciio 6 cAiieHiueMy iiacejieHHio B03rAaBHTb hobhc opraHU Bjia- cth. KopeHHoe HaccjieHHC KyneHeficKofi bojiocth AyjiHe-ATHHCKoro ye3Aa B KOJiHHecTBe 311 qejioBCK, oGpamaacb k yesAHOMy Coneiy paGomix, coAAaTCKHx h KpecTbHiicKHX /lenyraTOB c npocbGofi o iiomo- iuh b ACJie opraHH3aiiHH bojiocthoi-o CoBCTa, rmcaAo: «1. UpocHTh, mtoGw H3 Coraweii boaocthoh komhtct He oprann- 30Bt43arb, TaK Kan or hhx..., KpoMe Bpezia, mmero He npoH3ofi.neT. 2. E cjih Gu b npouiAOM rony hach3 mh boaocthoto K O M H Tera co- CT0HJ1H GeAHflKH, TO MbI, KHprH3bI, He AOLUAH Gbl JIO HHtU,6Tbl H lie HO- naju-i 6bi b niiTaTCJibHbie nyHKTbi»I. Co3A3Tb noBceMecmo nponiibie opranu C obctckoB babcth b 3tct nepnoA. ocoGeHHO r ayjiax h KHurjiaKax, eme He VAaAocb. OpraHH3aiuiH GeAHOTbi, cbirpapniHe sa>KHyio pojib b pa3BHTHH co- UnaAHCTH cecKofi peBOAiouHH b AepeBiie, iiohbhahch 3Aeci» no3Anee, MTO OTpHliaTCAbHO CKa3aAOCb Ha GopbGe 3a C03A2HHC OpraHOB Co- BCTCKOfi B.iaCTH B ayjiax H KHLUAaKaX. IIo IieCOMHCHCH TOT tt>aKT, MTO 6 opb6 a b 3tom HanpaBjieHHH BeAacb, naea CoBeTOB ripoHHmia b ca- Mbic toaxuh iiapoAHWx Macc KopeHiioro iiacejieHHH; oiih iiaMHiiajiH BTHTHBaTbCH B CTpOHTeJIbCTBO HOBOfi, COBCTCKOH JKH3HH. *** Bopb6 a 3a ycTanoBjieHHe h ynpoqeHHe Cobctckoh BJiacTH b Cbip- jO[apbHHCKofi oG.nacTH pa3BHBajiacb b nepa3pbiBH0M eAHHCTBe c oGiue- poccHHCKHM peBOAiouHOHHbiM abhjkchhcm. C ojo3 paGonero K.iacca I! KpeCTbAHCTBa J1BHACH TOfi OOLUeCTBCIIHOH CHJIOH, KOTOp3fl CJIOMHJIB conpoTHBAenne ot>khBaioiuhx cha iT0MemHHbe-Gyp>Kya3 H0 H P occhh. PyccKHft npoACTapnaT, pykoboahmhifi K o m myhiicthmeckofi napTHeft, onupancb na oC'bCKTHBHbie MaTcpHaAbHbie npeAnocbiAKH, B03r.iaBHJi 6 op- 6 y yrneTeniibix napoAOB P occhh 3a rioGeAy n ynpenAemie C obct- ckoh BJiacTH. 3a nepexoA k comiaJiH3My, MHHyn KanuTajincTHHccKyio CT3AHIO pa3BHTHH. 3 t0 nOATBep>KAaCTC5I BCe.M XOAOM GopbGbl 33 baa 'Tb C obctob b Cbip-ZlapbuncKofi oGjiacTH. OAnaKo eAHircTBo npouccca coiiHaAHCTHMecKofi pcboaiouhh lie HCKAFOM3AO, a, HHoGopOT, ITpeAH0JI3T3AO IiaAHHHC pHA3 OCOGeHHOCTefi B ee KOIIKpCTHO HCTOpiIMeCKOM p33BHTHH. K 3THM OCoGeilHOCTHM Hy>K- HO OTHCCTIl p«A AOIIOAHIITCAbHbIX TpVAHOCTCli B GopbGe 3a yCTailOB- Jieime h ynponeiiHe CoBeTCKofi BJiacTH na yrHeTemioii b npowAOM na- UHOKa.ibHofi oKpanne: MaAOMHCAennocTb HHAycTpHaAWioro npojieTa- pnaTa, rocnoACTBo b ayAe h KHUiAane naTpHapxaAMio-cfieoAajibHbix OTHOUieilHH, IiaAHHHC 6yp>Kya3HO-HaUHOIiaAHCTHHCCKOfi KOHTppeBO- AioriHH, CAaGocTb napTHHHbix opraiiHaamiH. rioMomb CoBeTCKoro rocyAapcTBa h KoMMyiiHCTHMecKoii napTim TypnecTaiiy, b tom mhcac h Cbip-ZlapbHiicKOH oGAacTH, Gw;ia nanpaB- Aena na ynpenAenne 3Aecb CoBeTCKoii B.nacTH. KoMMyHHCTHMecKaH 1 ZI>KaM6yACKHH oCarocapxHB, cp. 11 on. 2, a. 29, nop. 3, ji. 33. 45

napTHH Henocpe/iCTBemio pyKOBoAHJia ripaKTvmecKofi paCoTOH no co- 3A3HHIO cobctckoh rocyAapcTBeHHocTH b TypKecTane. Bojibmyio po^ib b Aejie no6e^bi h ynpoqeiiHH C obgtckoh BJiacTH b Cup-JlapbHHCKoft odnacTH cbirpaji KpynHbifi SKOHOMHMecKHfi h no- jiHTHHecKMft uchtp CpeAiieH A3HH — TauiKCHT. Bopbda paGo^wx h coJi^aT TauiKeHTa OKa3WBajia peBoAiouHoHH3Hpyjomee bjihhhhg ifa Tpy^Hiunxca Cbip-AapbHHCKoii oGaacru. C noMombio TauiKeHTCKHx (5ojibineBHKOB co3AaBa.iHCb MecTHbie napTHHHbre rpynnbi h opraHHaa- Uhh. TauiKeurcKHe GoAbiueBHKH 0Ka3hiBajiH noMOinb MecTHhiM Coee- Tam h napTHfiHhiM opraifH3auHHM b AeAe C03AaHH« KpaciiorBapAeii- CKHX OTpHAOB, B JlfiJld ripCOAOACHHH X03HHCTBCHHblX TpyAHOCTeH. CooeTCKaa BjiacTb yCTaHOBHJiacb b Cwp-^apbUHCKOH o6jiacTH na npoTB>KGHHH irojiGpji 1917 roAa, t . e. paHbiue, qeM b KaKOH-AHGo jip y - rofi odAacTH Kasaxcrana. 3 tomy cnocoGcTBOBajin cjicayioiuHe ycjio- BHtf: OCoGeHHO CHAbHOe BAHHHHe UeHTpajIbHott P occhh, C KOTOpOH Cbip-ZZapbUHCKaji odnacTb HMejia npaMyio >Kejie3iioAopo>KHyio cbh3i»; 6jIH30CTb 3KOHOMH^eCKOrO H IiOAHTHHeCKOTO UeHTpa CpeAHeft A3HH — TaiiiKCHTa; HaAHrae KOMriaKTHoft Maccbi >KeAe3HOAopo>KHbix paGomix na CTaHUHHX IlepoBCK, TypKecraH, Ka3ajiHiicK, iienocpcACTBeuHo py- K.OBOAHBU1HX GopbGofi TpVAHIU.HXCH MaCC 3a yCTaHOBACHHe CoBeTCKOH BJiacTH; oTcyrCTBHe b Cbip-ZlapbHHC.Koft ofrnacTH Ka3a<ibHX nocejie- hhh, na Kaaaubio BepxyuiKy KOTopbix orrapaAHCb, HanpHMep, Komp- pCBOJIIOHHOHHblC SACMCHTbl CeMHpewbJI. P a 3 BepnyAacb GopbGa 3 a ynponeiiHe Cobgtckoh BJiacTH. Co3Aa- najica HOBbift, cobctckhA rocyAapcTneiinwft annapar. B liao no.ao>KCHO Hanaro crpoHTejibCTBy wauHona^bHOH cobgtckoh rocyAapctbchhocth. ZCejiaAHCb nepBbie w arn k couwaAH3My b 3KonoMHHCCKofi oGAacTH: npoceAeiia HauHOHaAH3auHH >Kejie3HOH AOporH, GanKOB h naHGoAee Kpyrmbix npoMbim.iGHHbix npeAnpHHTHfi. B ma HancccH 3HaHHTeAbHbift y;iap no (JjeoAaAbHo-GaftcKofl BepxyniKe ayjia h KyjianecTBy. P octkh HOBbIX COHHa.nHCTHqeCICHX OTHOUieHHH B03HHKAH B Ce.TbC.KOM X03HH- ctbc. Haqajicfi TpyAHbin, ho bcahkhh nepexoA ot cf>eoAa.riH3 Ma k co- UHaAH3My. B CTpOHTGAbCTBO COBeTCKOH 3KH3HH BCe GoJIbHIC BTHTHBa- jiHCb TpyAOBbie Maccbi aya a h KHimiaxa.

I f . M . I I aac M y p H u u , AOUCHT, KaHAHAaT HCTOpimeCKHX HayK HOBEflA BEJIHKOH OKTHBPBCKOft COUHAjHiCTliTECKOti l*EBOJIK)II,HII B AKMOJ1llHCKOfi OBJIACTH kmojihhck3h o6jiacTbl 6bi.ia o6pa30BaHa 21 &eKa6pfi 1868 ro^a h 3aHHMajia orpoMHyio TeppHTopmo CeBepnoro h UeiiTpajibiioro Ka- 3axcTana, paoHyio 492,4 kb. BepcTaM. B o6;iacTb bxo^ hjio 5 ye3,aoB: O mckhh, neTponaBJioBCKufi, KoKHeTaBCKml, A kmojihhckhh h AT6a- CapCKHft. Ona 6bijia KpafiHe (viaGo nace^ieiuioH. B 1915 ro^y ce nacejiCHHe (BKJiioHa^i rop. O mck h ero ye3A) HacHHTbiBajio 1 57 9 6 5 6 nejioBeK, to ecTb cpe^HHH n.ioTHocTb nacaneitMjj Gbijia 3,3 HCvTOBexa na kb. Bcp- CTy. 221 190 qe/iOBen, hjih 14 upoueirroB ot oGmero KOviHweCTBa na- ccjichhh, npo>KHBa.riH b ropo/iax. CaMUM KpynubiM ropo^o.M Guji O mck — nojiHTHnecKHH h a^MHHHCTpaTHBHbift ueHTp A kmojihhckoh oOjiacTH h CTennoro reHepa.i-ry6epfiaTopCTBa.12 B 1915 m a y b O mckc upo/KHBajio 134 0 5 7 qejiOBeK, b rieTponaBJioBCKe— 6 5 2 3 0 , b A kmo- .thhckc — 14 3 4 0 , b KoKweTaBe — 4 5 0 2 h b ATGacape — 3 7 7 4 qe- JIOBGKa. O mck h b jih jic h He Ta’ibKo caMbiM Hace^ieinibiM ropo^oM, h o h o;i - h h m H3 Kpynubix npoMbiui.ieHKbix ueHTpoB C h6hph. 0/1,11a k o npoMbim- jieiinocTb ero Gbuia npeHMyiuecTBenno MejiKoft h HMejia Kyarapiibifi xapaKrep. TaK, b 1915 rojiy b ropoAe paGoTajio 171 npe/’inpHHTHe, BajiOBan npo^ayKUHH KOTopbix oueiiHBajiacb b 10 964 348 pyGjiefi. Ha 3t h x npe>anph hthax GhiJio 3aHHTO 2 009 paGonux.3 Eme Go.iee cjiaGo Gbuia paaBHTa npoMbiLimeiiiiocTb oGjiacrH. B 1915 roAy b oGjiacTH (6e3 r. Owcna) HacqHTbiBaviocb 1 031 npe&- 1 Ha TeppHTopmi GbiBinefi Akmo.ihhckoh oGjiacTH b nacroflmcc Bpe.MJi pacno- ^o>KeHbi CeBepo-Ka3axcTaHCKan, KoKMeTaBCKaa, AKMo^nifCKan, KaparaHAiuiCKaa o6.iacrn h qacTb OmckoA o6.iacTH.— IJpuM. aeropa. 2 B OreriHOe renepa;i-ryGepiiaTOpcTBO bxoah.ih GuBuran AnMOJiHiicKaH m Ce.MHna^aTHHCKan oGjiacTH. 3 063©p AKMO.TWJicKofi oG/iacTH 3a 1015 r., H3X AKManmiCKoro oG.iacTHoro CTaTKOMHTCTa, O.MCK, 1917, CTp. 115. 17

iipuHTHe, BajioBaa npoAyKUHH hx paBiiHAacb 5 155 824 py6jisiM, a pa- 6o*ihx na 3thx npeAnpHHTHHx 6uao 3aiiflTo 6 768.1 3a HCKJiioHeHHeM Me/ienjiaBH;ibHhix 3aBo/ioB npeAnpHjmiH 3aHH- Ma.iHCb rjianiibiM o6pa30M nepBHwnofi iiepepa(5oTKofi ceAbCKOxoaflii- CTBeHHOrO Cbipbfl H pe.MOHTOM npHMHTHBHOrO CeAbCKOX03flflCTBeHHOrO HHBeHTapn. CpeAH coTeii KycrapHbrx MeAKHx npeAnpiumni 5bi.ui h AOBOJibHo Kpymibie, nanpnMep, nAyrocTpoHreAbUbifi 3a boa AarnaHH- na PaH^pyna, cyKOHiiaa (f)a6 pnKa, Aeco3aBOA b O mckc, KOiicepBiibrii 3aBOA b nerponaBJioBCKe. CnaccKHH MCAeiiAanHAbiiuM 3aBo;i, ycncu- CKHH MCAHblH pVAHHK H KaparaHAMHCKHe KonH b A kmoahhckom ye3Ae, npeAnpHHTHH /i>KC3Ka3raiia h KapcaKiiaa u A*rt5acapcKOM yc3AG. H a CnaccKOM aaBOAe b 1915 roAy paOoTaAO 1 360 pafiomix h 53 cjiyMcamHX, Ha YcneHCKOM pyAHHKe— 1 503 padonux h 15 CAy>Ka- mnx, na KaparaHAHUCKHx nonax — 844 padoHHX h 13 cjiyxcamux, na CTpoHTCJibCTBC oGoraTHTeJibHOH c|>a6pHKH CnaccKoro aKUHOiiepnoro o6iuecTBa paooTajio 69 pa6onnx h 3 c.iy>Kamnx.12 H a npeanpHsiTHSix aHTAHHCKoro aKUHOHepiioro o6mecTBa ArOacapcnax MeAHbix pyA b 1915 roAy paOoraAO 1 414 paGonnx, 41 c.iy>KaiUHft.3 A(5coAioTHoe (SOJIb111HHC.TBO paOoHHX BbUlieyKasaHHUX lipeAIipUHTHH COCTaB.THAH Ka3axH. Tax, H3 2 500 pa6omix CnaccKHx npeAnpHHTHH b 1917 roAy Ka3axoB 6wa o 1 900 ncvioBeK. riojio>KeHHe pa6oHHx 6u a o xpaniie TH»ejibiM. PaOonnH AeHb npo- Ao.i>KaAca 12 qacoB. MexanH3aiiHH h oxpaHa TpyAa oTcyTCTBOBaAH. O coGciiho THJKeJibiM 6u ao noAo>KeHne pa^OHHx-KaaaxoB. 3apa6oTHaa iuiaTa hx 6biJia 3Ha*iHTejibHO hh>kc 3apnjiaTU pyccKHX paGonux. >Khah ohh AeTOM b iopTax, a 3hmoh b 3e.MAaiiKax hah Tecnux h rpH3- Hbix Oapanax. 3a ripeABOcmibic h BoeHHbie roAbi AoOhina yr.qji h npOH3BoACTBO mcah pe3KO VBCAHHiAHCb. E cah c 1856 no 1886 roA b KaparaiiAHH- ckhx Konax Chao ao 6wto 17,5 mah. nyAOB yrAfl, to c 1889 no 1915 ro A — 41,7 mah. nyAOB, a c 1915 no 1917 toa — 8,2 m aii. nyAOB.4 PoCT AOCbHIH KaMCHHOrO y tah oCycAOBAHBaACH yBCAHHRHHeM BhllUiaB- kh MeAH, neoOxoAHMOH aah Boemibix hv>k a . CnaccKHft mCAoria abhji b* huh 3aboa paSoTaji Ha KaparanAHncKOM yrAe. B 1917 roAy na 3a boae Cua nocTaB.;ieH (j)AOTauHOHHUH npouecc, a Ha pyAHHKe ycTanoBJien raaorenepaiop aah rioAyMCHHsi KaMeHiioyroAbHux MaceA. Pa3pa6oTKa OoraTefiujHx naie3HUX HCKonaeMUx m jia oneiib m c a - JieHIIO. DiaBHOH npHMHHOH BTOI'O HBAHJlOCb KOAOHHaAbllOe IIOAO>KeHHe o6AacTH. U ap n jM h HMnepHaAHCTHaecKaH 6yp>Kya3HH CTapa.incb BcaaecKH 3aT0pM03HTb, 3aAep>naTb pa3BHTHe npoMbniiAemiocTH 06- .nacTH. «Bo3MOJKiiocTb yrneTaTh h rpaOHTb q yjK iie HapoAU,— iincaA B. H. JleiiHH,— yKpenAaeT skohomhhcckhh sacToii, h6o BMecro 1 O 63OP AKMOJIHHCKOft oftnaCTH 3a 1915 r., JI3A. AKMO.lHHCKOrO oO.iaCTaTKO MHT€Ta, O m c k , 1917, CTp. 115. 2 TaM >kc, dp. 29. 3 TaM JKe, « r a n e e o A. A. KaparaHAHHCKOc KaMeHiioyroAbnoe MccTopo>KAeHHe. ricTep (5ypr, 1922, CTp. 3—4. 48

P&3BHTHH npOH3BOAHTeAbHbIX CHA HCTOUHHKOM AOXOAOB HBAfleTCH H e - pe^KO nojiy(J)eoAaJibiiaH 3Kcn.ayaTau.H5i «HHOpOAUeB»l. TopM03HAa pa3BHTHe npOMblUiACHHOCTH oC.iaCTH T$K>Ke 60Abllia51 OTAaAeHHOCTb pyAHUX MeCTOpO/KACHHH OT }KCA03HOH AOpOrH. BayKHciimee 3HaneHHe aah A kmoamhckoh oCaacTH H M eaa CnGtip- C K a n >Ke.ie3iiaa Aopora, npoxoAHBina5i b ccBepHoft ee qacTH. 3accl 6biJio CKOimeiiTpHpoBano 3iiaqnTejibiioe koahhcctbo >Keae3iioAopo>K- hux paCoMHX. Hanpn.viep, Ha O mckom >KeAC3iiOAopo>KHOM y3Jie pa(5o- raao okojio 3 Tbicnq,21 Ha CTaHumi h Aeno IleTponaBAOBCK b 1917 ro- Ay 6bUio okojio 1 000 paOoHHx h cviyxcamHX. HauHOHajibHbift cocTaB HaccjicHHH oCjiacTK BbirAHAeA cAeAyiomHM o6pa30M: Ka3axoB — 592 332 qeAOBeKa, hah 37,4 npoueHTa, pyc- ckhx — 425 474 qcAOBexa, hah 26,8 npoueHTa, ynpamrueB— 443 113 qeAOBeK, hah 28,5 npoueHTa, npouux — 118 737 qeAOBeK, hah 7,3 npo- ueiiTa.3 Kan h Becb Ka3axcTaH, AKMOAHHCKan o6;iacib 5iBA5iAacb oTCTa- AblM Ce.»lbCKOX0351HCTBCHHbIM paftOHOM, B aVAaX KOTOpOTO TOCnOACT- BonaAH naTpnapxaAbH()-([)eoAaAbHbie oTHomeiiH5i, paaAaraBiiiHecsi nOA BAHHHHCM pa3BUTHH TOBapHO-Aeiie>KHbIX ({)OpM X0351HCTBa. B TO- poAax h pyccKHx noceAKax rocnoACTBOBaAH KanHTaAHCTHuecKHe ot- HomeHHH. noAaBA5nom.ee (SoAbWHiicTBo KopciiHoro Ka3axcKoro Ha- CCACHH5I 3 aHHMaJ10Cb KOHCBblM 3KCTCHCHBHLIM HvHBOTHOBOACTBOM.4 IlOA BAHHlIHeM IipOHHKaBIUHX B K33axCKHH ayA KaHHTaAHCTH- qecKHx OTHOiueHHft b HeM ycHAHBaACH npouecc KAaccoBoft AHtjK^e- peHUHauHH. C kot cocpeAoroqHBaeTCfi b ochobhom b pyuax 6aes. C>eoAa.fibHo-6aHCKa5i BepxyuiKa Ka3axcKOro ayAa <j>aKTHnecKH pac- nopH>KaAacb Bcefi oGluhhhoh 3eMAefi. Tan, b KoKMCTascKOM ye3AC, no AariHbiM cTaTHCTHnecKoro o6cAeAOB3HHH SKcneAHUHH UIep6iuihi (Koneu 90-x roAOB X IX Bexa), 152 xpynHbix 6a#CKnx xo35iftcTBa BAaAeAH 37,5 npoueHTa Bcex oBeu, 18,4 npoueHTa Bcex AomaAefi b ye3Ae. BancKne xo3HHCTBa, cocraBAABiiiHe Bcero 7 n p o u e m o B bccx xo35ihctb, BAaAeAH 40— 50 npoueHTamh Bcex AouiaAcft h 48,5 npo* ueH ra Bcex OBeu b ye3Ae.5 X o3hhctb, n.vieioLUHx 6oAee 100 AouiaAcft, d AT6acapcKOM ye3Ae 6wa 1 npoueHT, A kmoahhckom— 1,4 npoueHTa, KoKHeraBCKOM — 1,2 npoueHTa h ricTponaBAOBCKOM — 0,7 npouen- Ta.6 B A kmoahhckoh o6a 3cth ot 70 ao 82,5 npoueHTa Ka3axcKHX xo35i ^ctb HMeAH Meuee 10 AouiaAen, ot 12,7 ao 19,5 npoueiiTa xo- 351HCTB HMeAH OT 11 AO 25 AOIIiaAetf H TOAbKO OT 4,8 AO 9,7 npoueHTa xo3hhctb HMeAH 6oAee 25 AomaAew. B K-OKHeTaBCKOM ye3Ae xo3hh- 1 B. H. Jl eHHH, Coa., t. 21, crp. 278. 2 M. B. K p a c H U X , O mckhc 6ojibiueBHKii b ro/u* rpajfCAaBCKoft bohhu, 1947, crp. 5. 3 O63op AKMOJUfHCKoft o&iacni 3a 1915 r., Omck, 1917, crp. 8. * TaM JKe, d p . 83. 5 ApxiiB Ka3axcKoro cJjHAHajxa HHCTHTyTa MapKCH3Ma-ACHHHH3Ma npH U.K KriCC (b aa/ibHeffiueM aaeTCH coKpameiiHo: ApxHB Ka3<bHmia.ia HMJI.— //. f l . ) , 811, on. 1, A. 4. 6 Taw ace. 4— 1201 49