Laptop Repair Part 1 OCR

12.6V charging voltage,control output by charging chip Scanned by CamScanner

=~ic.*egn~9=Jujeg-=f5Gft:±~1f~~, It![ill., fJkff , =,fJ.HE, ~~,-,v.t!f, r J~l:!.m, It ~•••ff••• ~ID~~.9=J~~ffl, ~~~_.~~~*M~~*~U*~~AM* i~. ~~·tI-1'~*ujeg-=fegn;J~H1335C1HI1.jgilif~~~et!.:mi!IHiili~/'g~IH~AU<:Jt~~iHk.4>: ,;'i: :±!Hr~E.e- eg-=f:7tftJ:-tE eg~~~ u<:J~uiliJ§lm, JP\\\"E1*:7tftJ:u<:J iAiRfj]~W:!i1. ~j] *it~t'll(j5Gfll'l(J ~m~.~~~.~. ~~.oom*~~~., ~®~1f*~jg~~ •• Chapter Five The basic application circuit of electronic element Electronic components of laptop are capacitors. resistors, diodes, transistors, field effect transistor, gate circuit, comparator, voltage regulator and so on.They are the most changeful when used in the circuit.For the people who have just touched with laptop repair.it's quite difficult to understand a basic electronic circuit.It makes the circuit-based become a stumbling block for maintenance people.This chapter mainly introduces the basic application of the electronic components in the circuit,and dose not include the understanding and measurement of components. If the reader is not familiar with the understanding and measurement of components can refer to the relevant basic book,there are a lot of such books on the market. l.Filter capacitor ~~~~ffl-tEeg~~~eg~*,ffl*d ~, ~*eg?ff-m$X/J\"l¥J*ffl~Jt~~~oII 5-- Scanned by CamScanner

PC90 PC89 PC93 PC161 Figure 5-1 Filter capacitor .Coupllng capacitor it~J3:m,*\"*,ED~J:f~~, J§Z,EDtE PCI-E fO SATA B1f§-'%~.l., ~IA~tjb~$~!HE1\"§-'% fF,ED;1!,ED*IlI.:m:~, *f*i.iEi\\lJ!m~B11t~o :!mOO 5-2 JJJT7f-, 4 1-#~~8~Eg~JJYt 1#, W3U~~til. Scanned by CamScanner

i-----'--lYDI PCH RTCXl PCH RTCX2 J2.768KHZ_12.5PF_CM3'5327680ZFT 1'81', C181 _0402_5OV8J Figure 5-2 Coupling capacitor Figure 5-3 Resonant capacitor Basic application circuit of resistance rg~JltE~-F~~9Jt¥J~ffl±~ff...tr1[~~.I3., {~HF~~.I3., ~fj~~!l.JLfr/!. The application of resistance in the board circuit are mainly pull-up resistance. pull-down resistance, protective resistance, thermal resistance. I.the pull-down resistance iill1f;:Jt~llit¥J~m1g...t1[~m (JA!.m 5-4), ~:J:l!1.t¥[email protected].;Jgr1[[email protected].(£00 5-5) • ...ttli ~~~~~~t¥Jffi%[email protected]~~.I@.~, [email protected].~~~~~~ffl.rtt~~. In general,the resistance connected the voltage is the P.W:I-:YJrres' in figure 5-4),and the resistance connected the grounding is the pull-down rest I-up is to clamp uncertain signal at a high level through a resistance the ' 'ted effect at the same time.And pull-down is in the same way, +1.05V ~ 00 5-4 J::.~rtm Figure 5-4 pull-up resistance Figure 5-5 pull-down resistance Scanned by CamScanner

::f:\"Fftrt!lm.tmE!lffl:tullE 5-6 JiJTiF: ~ R206 %Lt.. R205 /I'~ot, lNTVRMEN /3~Eg VOCRTC *-'jZ, ffJ§ ICH7 i*J$B~EgfflJWTJ~ (l!.\\i~iAm); ~ R205 ~L, R206 /1'#&01, INTVRMEN /31lt ttf, If] --' INTVRMEN R2lII ICH7 i*JWB~Egff~lJ.7,~o 332K The application of pull-up and pull-down resistance £i\\a1:S1e 1 ,.,.R2lII shown in figure 5-6:when R206 is installed and R205 is (default' not installed,the INTVRMEN is high level,open the internal voltage regulator of lCH7(the default value);when Disable 0 ~. R205 is installed,R206 is not installed,INTVRMEN is low 1115-6 J:.\"fttltmeffl level,close the .mternal voltage regulator oflCH7. ;t~Et!J&: ~ff1£..ttt, Xf¥fFftt, I1Pfij..5.X;*ffEg~4l, :!zoOO 5-7 JJ)TiFo *If';J(:5tffi~~/'g VA=V .~(RI+R2)'\" R2 The voltage division circuit:both the existence of the pull-up,and the existence of the pull- do~tbat constitutes a voltage division circuit,as shown in figure 5-7.The fonnula of series partial pressure is VA=V ~(RI+R2)*R2 iRe ~lt-tl:@.i& (Jh!.OO 5-8): +VCC_RTC t£M R1701 1t~ Cl704 Jt;Eg, RTCRST#FE!.ff~ ft, i!1'..tftIUl§j+VCC_RTC I:@.ffi~~JiJT~:fHt-Jll1rEi]m~MB'j\"B~..AI\"I'8]o MO~'B~'rEi]B~fB'j ~P.TW.ffl R*C, jm 20~*1 ~F=2Oms. IRe delay circuit(shown in figure 5-8):+VCC-RTC charge C1704 first through R170 l,the ffi# voltage will slowly rise,the time required that it rises to equal with +VCC-RTC voltage is lay.eel time.A simple calculation of the delayed time can be used R*C,such as ~~Oms. Scanned by CamScanner

ft, M. ffijits:iIH~HJ~ 5C1*B~ § B~ 0 f~Hp f[IJ1I.llJlffi -f.J9::m1:E 10~~) ~ 0 00 5-9 t:j:J R243 ffJt~f!fj? = I:t!.mL The protective resistance plays the role in protective effect.When the circuit load becomes large,beyond the range of resistance can afford,resistance will be open circuit,make the corresponding circuit to stop working,so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the components.The resistance of protective resistor is generally blow 10 .In the figure 5-9,R243 is the protective resistor. Figure 5-9 the physical map of protection resistance 3.Thermal resistance ;Jt.1: 1f1 ft!Jl3. 7.)- \"~& ~ ~ ft!Jl3. ~ f~\" (NTC, ffJ. ~ Ijt~H&) ~IJ \"~Jjt ~ ~ ft!Jl3. ~ ~ \" (PTC, .iE~J3i~~O jIij;fij1o ;Jt.1:~ft!Jl3.~DOO 5-10 FJT~, ::ftlM.~~l:;R:::f~~7.)-t\\jNTC ~~ PTCo The thermal resistance is divided into two,\"the higher the temperature,the lower the resistance\"(NTC,the negative temperature coefficient) and \"the higher the temperature,the higher the resistance\"(PTC,the positive temperature coefficient).The thermal resistance shown in figure 5- I O,but we can not distinguish NTC or PTC from the physical. PH4 (b) ~ (a) III 5-10 ~.Et!1l.1l Figure 5-10 the thermal resistance -38- Scanned by CamScanner

.Or gate application of diode(shown in figure 5-12) if~~m 3V BAT ~~, :fi1tJ.J§m 5VALW {'±l;~, l2Ut~~'1tJ.7tE.EI§.jL PJ1V,f~hiE €CRTC ~~1f~o J1t~=~'lf-JN:~!'l..g.=;t}klf, ~¥J.]~[] 00 5- J3 p!TiF 0 Power failure with 3V BAT power supplY,after plugging with 5VALW power supplY,in order to save battery power,can ensure that VCCRTC always have electricity.Such diodes are generally composite diodes,the material object shown in figure 5-13. TI+---Z-1 ~~ 1115-12 =ti~B\"J!OCn@ffl Or gate application ofdiode Composite diode physical map 2.:A:ND gate application of diode(sbown in figure 5-14) ~~.=• •ti::iiiH(.J-ff-ul'%lf{l(;ItJ..>ftl:lJJY., =f&'lf:m-~Jm, mil(; HWPG 0 Ns long as any signal at the left end of the diode have low level,diode will conduct,pull HWPG HWPG +\"SoI HWPO Scanned by CamScanner

m 5 ~ EIFJ-J[f~~09lnlllfiYmEt!rm ==:====================~~~=~==========t VlN 3VPCU APD9 00 5-15 =tbt'm'(j~ttHftSffl CJ) VIN El!lli Cffiii9:jg 18.5V) ~i1~JllPR29, PR28 $~7tlli, 7tlliJ§EI!llijg7.6Vo (I )VIN voltage(assumed to be 18.5V) after resistance PR29,PR28 series partial pressure,the voltage after partial pressure is 7.6V. (2) Jlta-t PD9 iH&EI!lli;Jg 7.6V, pH&EI!lli;Jg 3.3V, ~Jlt.iEf&*+pH&, llM1i1Jt~)ffi lli~~ 0.7V 0 (2)Now the positive electrode voltage of PD9 is 7.6V,the negative electrode voltage is 3.3V,so the positive electrode is greater than the negative electrode,and over the conduction voltage drop 0.7V. (3) PD9 ~jfji, ~jfjiJ§=f&1flE~.R~th:ffJ.lfiffjtl:l 0.7V, ~J1t A R,:Jt!J.Hl/(Wfftjg 4V tr.ti 0 Wfft=f&1f-~tE USB ~J:l:at VGA ~O~lil, fflTIUi~EI!1zIl00 5-16 PJT7Fo JVGA VB (3)PD9 conduction,the diOde conducting,so the A point voltage is 01 Clamping diodes are geneiall}: static electricity shown in figure Si- • Figure 5-16 Anti-static clamp' -..JO- Scanned by CamScanner

+5VO 1l'C28T oTOOOO TPC28T R9000 1KOhm ~ +2.5VREF C9000 ,UFI1011 MlCCl+J.10% 'Wheri the diode reverse voltage to a certain ~1be reverse current will suddenly increase,which is ea the breakdown phenomenon.In the state of wn,the current through the tube changes a lot and the voltage of both ends of the tube is Constant,by using this feature,it can achieve voltage regulation,which is called the voltage diode.In the figure 5-17,U9000 is 2.5V voltage stabilizing diode,when the negative applied is more than the regulated value,then the reverse breakdown current will appear,so dl~e of both ends can be fixed.R9000 is the limit current resistance,and the reverse ao current ofthe voltage stabilizing diode is between 5-40mA. - 8 'i:P. PD12:Jg 5.1V affi=fitf, ~ VS :Jg 19V 1l1, 1Jr@J:1t:f;1;j;]R, lJIl2J,ili5f, ¥U 1t!1UfF 13.9V. Nt£J:J: PR87 ~ PR90 ~ffi.J!~~)=f 6 }J!lJ SHDN#it7~7f Ja, § 81 .1f£El!.ffi0 .R1f VS j{iJ:J:-}:Emp;J-. &jRJtli~z.J5 fijJj- ffi7tf'i~TJiijfE SHDN#B1 ~ ~ 5-18'pD12 is 5.1 V voltage stabilizing diode,when VS is 19V,applied to the bi:o en down,the voltage reaching the positive is remaining 13.9V,and after the ore 0 S!'[ and PR90 to send chip 6 pin SHDN# as open,the purpose is to limit VS y V;oS exceeds a certain value,the partial pressure after the reverse breakdown hold value: of SHDN#. N:C. DH3 IlU ...IIHDNf UC3 0U13 OHII OMS RI3 iREF PQOOl) i Scanned by CamScanner

M5 ~ 1t!-¥-n:,q:09Jilil@JDIt!Il3 ~======================~~=~==::::~==========i Basic application circuit of transistor t:E~ic.*El!IDMEl!:m9=J, - ~&~B~@fflljt±~~7f~fFffl: NPN =::m~ E ~&*±t!!: B f& .A.El!~\",C:m~~~~; B:m.A~~~\",C:m~a~~.A.~~: In the laptop circuit,the main application of the transistor is switching action:E pole of NPN transistor connects ground:when B pole input high level,C pole is low level;when B pole input low level,C pole is high level.Specific content as follows: ~Jm NPN~: VB>VE 0.7V \", B-E ~jffl, C-E t!?~im. Common NPN type:when VB>VE 0.7V,B-E is conducted,and C-E is also conducted. ~ii PNP~: VB<VE 0.7V \", E-B ~im, E-C t!?~Jm. Common PNP type:when VB<VE 0.7V,E-B is conducted,and E-C is also conducted. 00 5-19 rep, A F.:\\~~El!.iJZ 0.7V I~LI::\", t.£i1El!~il1Joj~=:~&1f B ~&, -~,&~ C-E mt~~ Jill , Y ~ii'tr :±lfe; El!.IjZ- • In the figure 5-19,when A point is high level 0.7V or more,applied to B pole of transistor via resistance,then the transistor C-E will be conducted,and Y output low level. 00 5-20 9=J, PQ41 :JgP3*El!~il(fll!!:~ NPN =:f&lf, jiij~AffiYfJm=t&~~~.iJZ~im, fe;El!~~~~*tt.~i1, Bf&El!~~~*i1Ef&~ffi-~~,~~~~~m*~~~~~ -¥Jl!t. DTCI44EUA, t.£~¥M, Jt.ijt)l~.m Pi(...)=1.9V, :mill 5-21 JiJT7J'. In the figure 5-20'pQ41 is the digital NPN transistor with inner zone resistance,it's same as the common transistor,also has the feature of ihigh level conduction and low level cut- off.However,the voltage of B pole must be ~ the vol1&ge of E voltage for a certain value,about this value,You need to check the reI n CCording to the manual,the conduction voltage is Vi(OII)=] .9V,as shown in fi~ .., VCC3 y A 00 5-19 -·12- Scanned by CamScanner

the application of common transistor -20 the application of the digital transistor S-22 ,,=It'lf7f*fFJfHt-JJ§Zffl: 9fJ3+VLDT r~ffitifi1 O.7V JE, 1JuiU PQ26 B~ B ~~~iI; tlLi~ PQ25 a<J B t&. PQ25 ~Jt: +3VRUN H~J:.tL VLDT_PG, ;O:~~~ U.5•. Figure 5-22 is the application of transistor switching action:only when +VLDT voltage is greater than 0.7V:added to the B pole of PQ26,making it to be conduction.;pull the B pole of PQ25 1 tPQ25 is cut-off;+3VRUN pull VLDT-PG up directly,generating high level to send to rear pole. .. 0 . _.... 8ynIboI IIln Typ II•• Un\" T••I Condition V_ InpuIVOIIgo -0.5 1.1 Vcc_SV, 10. 100tJA, V.... - ... 3 Vo- O.3V, 100:: 2OmA. ODTC123EUA V vo.a.aV.lo= 2OmA, DOTC143EUA Vo. a,3V. 10. lOrnA. OOTC1,4EUA Vo. a.3V, 10- SmA. OOTC124EUA VO\"\" a.3V, 10 = 2mA. OOTCl44EUA VO. a.3V.lo. lmA. OOTC11SEUA III 5-21 DTC144EUA fdf,T;'f-llJ]-mt~ +-=~---_-:»VlDU'G Scanned by CamScanner

m 5 w 1t!~J[f'togllfJ9lfiYmlt!;m :::::=============~~=========i SVPCU y Figure 5-23 the switching action of the field-effect tube 00 5-24 9=J. ~ SUSON /3i'iliIt-'fnt. PQ70 ~ifii, tL1~ PQ73 (j~ G ~&. PQ73 ~.J1:; +15V Ltl SUSD /3 ISV, ~tft PQS6 ~ PQ76 a~ G f&: PQS6 fO PQ76 tI~PJt;).iti:~jffi, J 1: 3VSUS, SVSUS (N~:ii MOS iGi:~iIDa~~11j:: VC;>Vs 4.5V l?J-.t) 0 In the figure S-24,when SUSON is high level,PQ70 is conducted,pull down the G pole of PQ73.PQ73 is cut-off;+ISV pull SUSD up on ISY.to send to the G pole of PQ56and PQ76:PQ56 and PQ76 can be conducted completely generating 3VSUS, SVSUS(the condition of channel MOS full conduction:VC;>Vs 4.SV or more). 8USONC=>--~\"'HI'.1 -14- Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 5-24 examples of application of field-effect tube Basic application circuit of gate circuit 74NtC1G14GIIIIUI0T3535 Figure 5-25 the application ofthe NOT gate Scanned by CamScanner

IMVP]WRGD EC PWRDK 00 5-26 ~fl~ffl Figure 5-26 the application of the AND gate 3 • '-=',~.:.-'1l 3.Three-state gate 00 5-27 m7F~.=:~nmm: 9-1f~ OE ~11£~.3f1t-j, ~l±li¥JEE!.3jZ-;;t~~4iJ\"IJ}dl~ ~~-~(~Tm~B); ~OE~~EE!..3fIt-j,~~.A~*~~~,~~~~~ ~.m~omOO5~7~,~B~~~~~.,m~~EE!..~~~mM~~EE!.~~ ~11: ..t & lK ~U 0 The application of the three-state gate shown in figure S-27:only when OE is low leveI.the output level is consistent with the input level(equal to the follower);when OE is high level,no matter what state the input is,the output is always keep high impedance state.But in the figure 5-27,OE has been forced to ground,so it s no difference between this circUitimd follower in the level logic. Scanned by CamScanner

Basic application circuit of comparator fJ.6VIHII:IIE 5-28 ffilf-, 3Y E£!.7tB:tJ03iO~tt.X~&;f§~iU,Ajiffi. £3 YIN 5}ffJ§B~E£!.ff jeT 15.67V~, 5}ffia~E£!.ffi~1rJlJT3Y. ~UX~7fi\\lHiJ\"'I)tJ:\\ (7 )j!;p£3 PU48 ~t$.l( ) EB RSMVCC3 J:.:tfL ACIN 1iXi'CfjE£!.3f:i!~;c:;Jt: 3 YIN /J\\T 15,67Y Ai. tt$.l( f&oIfl (7 • .!:i 4.~JlU~ti). ACIN :fBltL3iIJitB. Scanned by CamScanner

===o:=:=================M~5=~~~t=l!-=J-n=f~=09}=lfi=ll=lfi=Ym=tl!=m 1 amc timc.because the comparator output low level.leading to PR 167, PR 163 series.and fonn cries with PR 161.50 that the 2 pin voltage of PilI is pulled down again. Figure 5-29 the comparator in a temperature control circuit ~PHl.~*•• m.~~~.~2~L~. ~~.5~~~~~ffi~~~6~~ 2.5V. ~~!tX~~'lJ:±l 5V ~~.iF. -~(t PQ39 ~)!. 1iL1i.t; MAINPWON. *ffEEE!.~:Y.t~~I~; [i'iJnH~~*~~'lJ:±l(8~~lf-, ~{f PRI67, PRI63 ~ PHI *JVZ:JfJf*. JAffiHE PHI S<J 2 Jj!p~ffi .pJ{j':tftI~-R:. ~1- PRI67 tt~iB$~~lL {1=lf1-Al$~E:T:1 \"±&Ek1jt~~Ji\" 0 11=J:lL~1.t mCPU ili!}}t (~Hp 1R ~ ~ ~ l' :(£ -1- R.i:..t. , ~:flIl 90'C Mtgd~H? 5O'C :t R~ ·t~O[ iE 'Ij; 0 When the temperature of PHI increases,the resistance is reduced to less than 2.55L!the voltage of the comparator 5pin achieved will be hiaherthan 2.5V of6 pin,the comparator outputs 5V high level,make PQ39 conduct,pull down MAlNPWON,the system power supply is shut down;at the same time.the high level comparator output;making P-RI67, PRI63 and PHI be series,thus pull up the 2 pin voltage of PHI again.This PR167 is is resistance,the author called it as \"fence resistance\",The role is to make the CPU tern 'on value not stay at a point,such as 90 degrees over temperature protection,50 d al. -48- Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 5-30 the definition of converter pin Basic application of tne voltage regulator [115-31 J1f7J'. U8100 it~1~.ffi~~M:~.ffi~ (LDO), 13M I J]!p~fitrAi#r-g, M5 JJt4J~6Uili rd• ~ 4 .8#4J~j!(f<JWiJJiltlllH~lIitl~:±Ilt.ffii\\!61~, ~~IM!lliR:: 1.24V 0 3 J)kjJ7~;G~Jtn~Jf fg ~~~*~.:±I.~lt~~m~:±Io~:±Iltlli~.~~: VOUT= VFBx(1 +RS11.vRSI04) ~ shown in figure 5-31,U8100 is low dropout regulator(LDO),which input power supply from PlD?0mP-ut voltage from 5 pin,two resistances connected by 4 pin control high-low of the output the reference voltage is 1.24V.3 pin is the open signal of chip,high level opens output and o level Stops output.The calculation fonnula of output voltage is: VOUT = VFB x ( 1+RSI14/Rs IO~) +l2VSUS Scanned by CamScanner

_================================9 the control voltage of chip.YIN is the input voltage.REFEN is partial pressure of + 1.5Y to O.75Y,the conditions are sati fied.the chip output +O,75YSP from 4 pin.This chip is mainly used for the current amplification.can provide I.5A current. +1.5V ----lL/PU~2~1----;~0_Ei..-.......,.--r--{)+3VALW VlN VCNll. +I - ,....-----\"-1 GND NC 1-\"---+ NC f-L---+ Figure 5-32 common voltage regulator in memory YTI power supply :i£1i-*!I'ffi\"ffltiffiB 431L, :tmm 5-33 PJT7J', :I: 1.24Y ~\\f~ffiB: +3YPCU i!:ct Rl39 IIRifiU§, ~.£rl43IL itl.E~ti:l1.24V l'ro~j1M!ffi (C ~ R it-~, ~!::H1=~ffi=;j:&~ffl). There is also a commonly used voltage regulator 431 L,as shown in figure 5-33,is the 1.24Y precision voltage regulator:+3VPCU current limiting through R139,and stable output reference voltage of 1.24Y through 431 L(C and R connected'together,as a voltage regulator diode). Figure 5-33 -50- Scanned by CamScanner

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ABJ/F Yonah/Calistoga BLOCK l 1= 8881 ~r;J ~GEIlK 1_- 1CSII54310 7 '.- ....Yonah I~ .1 c:---J 478 II II1ft 1ft 1ft 1ft L....-_.......-_....... _~ BOS l'CI-1I: AGTL 1.468V.133H8Z V~GA ..16 Calistoga ~I 'mii.llllllLawWllIIIf .DD.R.2 ....1: 1466 FCBGA ~ L: 1.- WI.~ ~ J7 '.J.lo,u,n,J Figure 6-1 architecture diagram 00~~ttl.~~~m~m~~mOO,M~~U~~1.4m~.5~.~*m~. CPU JiJT~l¥JmIfii, iiJ\\;.J,M.\"FiIiil¥J~iIiHfHtAm~, ~OO 6-2 m~. The figure marked the page where each function module,for example,CPU occupies page 4 and page 5.Ifyou want to view the page with CPU,you can input the page number in the following page frame.as shown in figure 6-2. Figme 6-2 page.input bo 00 6-3 ~ ~ CLK_CPU ~ CLK_cPQ)3CIi.K•._.. _.7=- im~fmf'Fpij~m~. In the figure 6-3 CLK_CPU and CLK_ P- as the same signal,but to be regarded as two si Fi~ 7tBf!j:((.ji3I.IJI4I~*~r Jik C26 JlilI((.j i31.IJI4I~f*. ifii P. m 1~ PLT_RST#. The pin name of COM same concept,as shown in signal named by manu -52- Scanned by CamScanner

~uI r m6-5 ~ \\it .. T83, Figure 6-5 i the test point T83.for fact r: te ting. Figure 6-4 PLT_RST# signal diagram the Figure 6-5 circuit symbol diagram of the test point Mt!.QlJI.s. -ml:ffl.H~ii~. jJf9!j:jpllJiP¥. jtEf!.Jj!jH~%~DOO 6-6 PlT7Fo Jumper pointlisolation pointusually connected with tin directly.con enient to troubleshooting the circuit symbol shown in figure 6-6. PJPlI01 ~004i 7 ? - '-PJPGlO : [ili---- ~ --1.... POWERPAD 2 0810 ....UI' (8) bl cl (d) Figure 6-6 circuit symbol diagram afthe i alation point 53- Scanned by CamScanner

~Hf l:H7*§J(:if@. ;tbF~$1tj:B:~iWYiIX*R~1&Tlll1.£ff3i~cL NO STUFF l1!.~T~5t *m;t{\"#:tc~. :f~, 7&~p;r;jftffil~l1;fiJFn~, 6-1. * or @ is printed on the device.indicating that the device is not installed in the board of the current version.NO STUFF also indicates that there is no installation.Not installed,it represents that both ends are disconnected,as shown in table 6- I Table 6-1 the list of some parts of the motherboard not installed *r Manufacturer *?rt .q. Symbol ~ 17tJ Example R231 'VV'*1KIF 4 i=::li Compal @ R3055 1 @ 2 10KOhm .!f.1iJi ASUS IX ~ tf,QIJ Wistron OPEN OOhm ~~ib: Inventec nostuff IX .=:R Sumsung NOS TUFF DY-R-2.0.08.1.L.-,VV'2v-0:Rh2.J-~2--G-P- 1JZW; Apple 1 R194 2 ~ OPEN ~ nostuff NOSlJUFF R1888 2J\\1V'l ,. '\"9 201 IBM ~Il;~~ftt:f~, mX/fft~Ifi7f. 01Jn If the parts are not installed,but can not connected with a straight line,as show in figt1l!' ~ Figure 6-8 f* -9 j§ lfjj1W \"#\", \"-L\" Wt:# im jffl~mJmJmi.. 11tt!ii!i-a- u #\" 101 *11 2231_SHDN#ffi~f£7fm~~ 1'.TTh<~*r. The signal back with \"#\"., if-hI' level.The word of \"efficient\" needS front of \"#\" to understand.As :slid -54- Scanned by CamScanner

igh level in the boot state,but did not conflict with the expression of \"active-low level\". Figure 6-9 active-low level signal circuit diagram -.lIIt1£lfl-rnJ%}jfitimMI¥J~::j::, *5F~f§-%j2tj~iIjB~m:-li!?J, 1fl.1:E IBM *D Apple r~ IIIt1£lfl, :fzIl1II 6-10 ftTlJ', 7503 ~Jj!Ij*5F~1§-%~t~iU75 m:~tffi1ftii D-3 B~±fu7J, JE1ft:§l! 1mMft, 1JiJ!1l~1f1%o In the common drawings,the digital followed by signal,indicates the page the signal connected to,but in the product drawing of IBM and Apple,as shown in figure 6-10, 75D3 and others indicate lite place that the signal connected to page 75 coordinate position D-3,positioning is more accurate,it's convenient to find signal. em>75D3 21C4 Ie? CKS05 CPUO P 00 6-10 Apple f\"~rt!~~OO Figure 6-10 screenshot ofApple product circuit ~~, fi~l¥J1JrRJ, Jli*J!~~11lJ%I¥J~rRJ, :!mOO 6-11 J5!f5F, 1fl.E13TlIDJ~A9:!B~m~~ , ~!t~PJ~1f1o In addition,the direction of the arrow,represents the trend of the signal,as shown in figure 6- bilt due to the randomness of drawing staff,leading to not believe all. =::8-- --c\"u=m<;R;;E:Qr;J:5M~CH:.:-----ClllID 18.1 N< --,,-M::.::CH<':\":-:S~~:\":'=_ _---{]lLWD!lIJ 36.28< (a) (b) Figure 6-11 screenshot of the signal ~)tIf1, .Rfl'ftfJ~HI(;]~lJ'tiliMfI~-~, :!mill 6-12 Pff/Fo line is crossed,only the point indicates that the line is connected together.as shown in -55- Scanned by CamScanner

M6 ~ 1t!fl8l!JffiD::~H!!m09f~m ============~~=====4 BlUE I GREEN I REO I .... \"\"I '5(11 2:\" A tl tIN REQ(O)II R111 REQ(1)1I GND :\" 'T' R118 V V 1005 v 1005 \"'0\\ ~'. v~... RE0/2]11 ~ l ~~:s;-~ REQ(3JII R341 V 1005 ~~~>q REQ(4)11 Figure 6-12 the circuit diagram of cross connected and disconnected Figure 6-13 the similar signal circuit diagram The use of common point position figure 1. CASTW--*.Ist CASTW H: IBM ~,EfH(.J.~ 1ftIII, ~# .~ fir IIIl1Att-J~.~~H:PI I;t~ ¥Ufi§ -5 B~ 3k ~ffi;Q:: [i3] 0 &mIT~~~m-5a~ftm,.~.~a~~mo~.\"~~m\"~m~Btt-J~-OO, PCB B\"~rprii]mo 'M'JfH~1'F~tR~~1j!:tm1ll6-14 JiJT~o I.CASTW-*.Ist CASTW is the point position figure used by mM,the most outstanding characteristics of this point position figure is that we can see the actual direction of signal.The red indicates that the signal is in the current layer,and the yellow indicates that the signal is in the other layer.Here \"the other layer\" refers to the other side of PCB,also refers to the middle layer ofBCB.Common operations and shortcut menu shown in figure 6-14. -!'i6- Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-14 the screenshot of IBM point position figure 2. Test Link--*.brd IlJl~i!~iii:«rIlX1mzI¥JJtitj::mJ:t~BRO. ~ffl1li'F:tzrrF: ,8 c m~1~5IA~Ht ([EJA;J ~=\"t:7t1tf.); iii: N .:fU~ffi%; 5(Jl.ttrm.~1r:m:&t*; $*~rlttjf-:t5lt~/J\\: ,8 R t~JjJE$!? 'ifiij !i!:m• •~o Af*.i'FPJ!?J.ilit \"Help\" ~$:i~. a:~1Il6-15~1Il6-21 B~~;l{d'F f1JJ:j:l, i!!I!f..1: N .1!f~l¥Jffi%:l: \"+1.5V\" ~1-Jtlli. Jtlli-ill.-lJtfm~-1'-f§-'% (~~ PH&)o 2. TestLink-*.brd !he point postion figure ofLandrex corresponds to the file fonnat of BRO.Common operations below:click C key to find components(a1so supports three components);click N key to find .aouble-click the left mouse button to enlarge;click the right mouse button to shrink;cl ick R tale the screen;click the space key to page.The specific operation can be viewed through It ofe!the operation example of figure 6-15-figure 6-21,the signal found by clicking N ol~eNoltage is also regard as a signal(or network). Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-15 the operation drawing I of Landrex point position figure Figure 6-16 the operation drawing 2 ofLandrex point position figure 58- Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-17 the operation drawing 3 of Landrex point position figure Figure 6-18 the operation drawing 4 of Landrex point position figure Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-19 the operation drawing 5 of Landrex point position figure 00 6-20 ~JlfilgUlII1l1!k1'F1Il6 Figure 6-20 the operation drawing 6 of Landrex point position figure hO Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-21 the operation drawing 7 of Landrex point position figure 00 6-22 ~Jjf.p~:tOO 8 1-1itml¥J~!!id1=;ij!:: ~W~tl:lJJA\\1¥ PrN JJA\\~, PJ~X1mtBfftOO, lt~IW~JJ:!;. PIN fffi~tl' PIN, 19J~ @/F~JHI'o When we click to select the pin of components,the name of signal will be shown in the below status bar,as shown in figure 6-22.A common operation is:when the welding plate appear the phenomenon of PIN dropping,we can refer to the point position figure,to check which PIN need to fill PIN and which don't need to fill. Figure 6-22 the schematic diagram 8 of empty pin -61- Scanned by CamScanner

3. Bmlrdvic,,- *.hl'd \\ whdv, *bv l30ardview .','.d1/ 1\"1 !t}'f'1 )IJ J II I ilJ (.f'l' Ij~ BoardVic\\ R4, Y... 1'1 ~?r J ~ *.brd ) /J(J ¥)( (f'i 1J' HoardView, ~ i'l ~i'lJ\\.i .\\)(Iv), ?1i1~ (WI j'. BoareiViewl.3. xi'I ~:f'l.r~*.bv) '~~ Ii] (I(J ltf'l '( he software or 13 ardview point po ilion ligun: is used in the file or 1110 \"lI(program BoardViewR4,the file r, nnat is *.brel) Iiong Ilan(program BoardVicw.the file fonnat is *.bel\\). Wei Yang(pro 'ram BoardVicw 1.3,lhe file formal is *.bv) and othcr company. ~1111J BoardvicwR4 11~1'.<.111111~16 23 J91/J ' fuLl'I ){Hd)~~kHt \"D u , fHI',\"J){Hd)dl~ m \"N\"o The 'crcen hot ofTuo Fu BiardviewR4 shown in figure 6-23,pre the shol1cut kcy \"D\" to find the camp nents,pre s the shortcut key \"N\" to find thc signal. Figure 6-23 the interface map ofTuo Fu point position figure jJijy,X 130ardView 1t.lU¥l~nl¥l 6-24 rfr~, tit \"'-:.\" The scrcenshot of Hong Han shown in figure 6-24 press the shortcut key \"0\" to finel the component .press the shortcut key \"E\" to find the signal. >2 Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-24 the interface map of Hong Han point position figure The screenshot of Wei Yang BView).3 shown in figure 6-25,press the shortcut key \"C\" to find the components,press the shortcut key \"E\" to find the signal. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_~=_~_ TDP . , . :..~-: Figure 6-25 the interface map of Wei Yang point position figure 4. TSICT--*.asc TSICT ~flf:-~~$ijif£~ffl. ttJHg~ff]0 ~ffl~ft:~Il\"F 0 TSICT software is generally used by ASUS,Gigabyte also uses it.The common operations are as below. lIt* \"m~\" ~.;hll~)(flf:. BaM ff!9='flr-J~~~9='. N-1JiTt OK ti<ffi. ~DI*I 6-26 ffi7J\\ D Click the \"models\" menu to load the file,if there are contents in the BaM box,selected it,then -63 Scanned by CamScanner

==__.~-\"'\"~=======================~~~~~6 ~=;;EI!':m~mI~ll=D:=:.==tf=Um=09=~m=1 click the OK button.as shown in figure 6-26. eo\" ~\"'_.' ~~e·.8OM iiiI ~ CANQ:Lj Figure 6-26 the schematic map ofTSICT point position figure opening files NJ2 rifJ((.J~UtrA*tg~A~1tj:fi-%, ~tUHj:: !f!m \"TOP\" fO \"Bottom\" :i2i;~.:l:JJiB<:JiE &. Inl . ~III!fl 6-27 fff7f-; 0 Input the device label in the input box on the left bottom,to find the device;c1ick \"TOP\" and \"Bottom\" to select the positive and negative side of the motherboard,as show in figure 6-27. Figure 6-27 the interface ofTSICT point position figure finding the device ~t-m.t/j;Wragf~:J:, JA1:lut~.~~ \"~*Uitft;& PAD\" iiJ~UU§)!F.L tlllOO 6-28 rrr;j< 0 The mouse will be stopped on the device select \"~Ia~ connected point from the context menu as shown in ~ 8 -().\\- Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 6-28 the operation example of ASUS point position figure Click the right key in the blank position,and click Net query,you can find the signal,as shown in figure 6-29. _ _.ia:~_. . . . .a \"I Figure 6-29 ASUS point position figure finding the signal If you move the bitmap,and can not find,You can click AUTO to automatically retUnl to the initial state as shown in figure 6-30. . .-'~I'\" I• .: .'-\" '-c= __ •I \" ', ~ ,\"\" ~, , LI.l _ 1 ; ~ oJ. , ~ , - -. Top r IoU. 911 aJI IAuto Figure 6-30 the position map ofAUTO key -65- Scanned by CamScanner

m nm7 ~ EE JIlD BIOS Chapter seven The introduction ofEC and BIOS EC (Embedded Controller I it A A-h: iii') ~) Jt -1' 16 {.i if. ~ *Jt... it Jt;S ;e..$- ~ nit ~8A#~~.~, £~~~EC~~m. ~~~l~~.$-~~~.~~A~.~-~ I~I!~j1Jo EC(Embedded Controller) is a 16 bits single chip microcomputer. which is featured in laptop.it is becau e of the use of EC.reflecting an important difference bet\\yeen laptop and desktop. a ~ A. ttJlii ~, iltJt*\" A\\.#Jt8..:i.-t ffd~l-~~. --Ati]iii PS/2 A USB -* 0 ~ l-*Jt.. ~ ~~-*o ~4~~$ttJlii~. ~l~~t.~m~. ~~~~m~I.Jt(~~~~~· *0it) ~ .i..6\\# (\"*\" ~;Ji~4., 4rs .p..#~~ -t ~ .i. A\\.~;j;iiA}) 0 ~ ttk. ;e.$ ~J1it '.t ~{- n 99 i'l! JttHHi. ~;e.$ttJlii€f.J~mECJ1.~A4:tli!~.lJJ~L In desktop.the keyboard and the mouse are independent of the system hostis generally connected with the host system by PS/2 or USB interface.But in the laptop,in order to achieve the purpose of portability.it's necessary to use the built-in keyboard(matrix decoding keyboard) and the built-in mouse(such as the touehpad, traekpoint are built-in mouse deviee).So the laptop needs a special keyboard controller,the special EC of the laptop is equipped with this feature. ~A, ~~.$-tt~t#€f.J-+.t~\"~~a~~«.~L.*tt, ~.tt~€f.J~~~ ••h, a~.~*€f.J.A~~, ~~~.C~.~\".~, ~~~ ~4~~~UR.~ ~#ok.~$tt~€f.J-~tt~~~,.~~~~.~A*~~*~~A., *.tt~~~~tt *'h~4,.Rtt~€f.Jtth.~,£~~~., ~~-4~m\"*.8., i!~t~€f.J~R. ltliJ EC ~A\" 0 In faclEC of the laptop is an function of KBC and embedded control, mEC m;iff t-i!& ~Jl.\" .i.iJiJt, til.ti~ (TOUCHPAD .tf.k. ;e.$ ttJlii\"{:t.~ \"\"t'.~ -66- Scanned by CamScanner

m7 ~ EC IIID BI05 fl!3 built-in keyboard. touchpad. laptop battery intelligent charging and discharging management and tcmpcrature monitoring and others.EC plays an important role in design of portable. intelligent. personalizcd of the laptop. *'Be fI;J-4tt.$.:t~~-~~~lr.JFlash *-ft-1it EC 6~1V~o EC {t;f.rA.tf'6~.tl!!.1.ir~/G;.t-TJtJ :f~~. ,(f. ~ ~ ~ ~ ii« tf, EC 4£'iM:tr reo *- ~ ~t ~ ~1t -;- 6~ at,lf. 0 1.f. ~ iL.$. rtJJit tf', EC:>t -i.*.~, ~~~,(f.*,~i£Jl~.AJt.~J;.~, f.i~f~e.rtitl!.;foi!?JC.g 1L~,irf~ 0 EC interior has a certain capacity of Flash to store the EC code.The position of EC in the system is not next to the North and South Bridge,in the process of open system.EC control the timing sequence of most of important signal.In laptop,no matter in the boot or shutdown state.EC is always open,unless the battery and adapter completely removed. 4*~a~T. E - • • #~~, *~.#mi~ff~n~o ~{tff~g, EC ~.~~_*~~~. ~rta*~~aA • • ~., ~£~~.;f.~~#~.~~ ...atr. In the shutdown state,EC has kept running,and waiting for the user's boot information.And after the boot.EC continue to control the keyboard controller. charging indicator light and fan and other device.and even control the system standby. sleep and other state. BIOS ,{.~~ \"Basic Input Output System\" lr.Jtlll~, 1i:itjj:*\"J§ tf' ~.t>ft:Y.t:>t \"£.$.~;fit Nfilit ~ tot\". Jt.~, 't ~-mIil1tJ'Jit.n.;JJt.J*.J .i.;M...!:.-.Ij'- ROM ~ J4 J:. 69 >f1.,If. , {*-ft-::t it ••••• ra,to~~.~~lr.J.l..$.*A/* tl: ~~Jt.. ~Htit.l.1t ff~Jt.J§ ~ #t>f1.,If.;fo,~ ~jdJ #J>f1.,If., .*~~~* . •AA~ A.~~*~I~4£~.«~~.~:>t,~~ B 0S 1!i .$.,t.;fBIiI1t4 ROM tf ~~Jf., 1£tft-ftttf -.~PJ ·tM·ti>ft'9'- I!Ht 1 >f1.Jf.~ ROM ~ J:\\ 0S. BIOS is the abbreviation of \"Basic Input Output System\" in English,and the Chinese name is \"basic input/output \" after literal translation.In fact,it is a group of program curing to a ROM chip on the computer holds the most important basic input/output program. the system settings information. self-check after booting and the system self-triggered program of the computer,it's main function is to provide the cl and the most direct hardware setup and control for the computer. d ~no1Cd tlJat,a1though the BIOS is referred to the program curing in the ROM,but in maintenance.we the ROM c~ curing the program as BIOS. EC~BIOS ~4hIll. :k~L~*J~~ ~ EC, IJ,{f.J*~;fJ~~ f.J BIOS. hysical map ofBe and BIOS a large square chip is EC,a small rectangle chip is BIOS. Scanned by CamScanner

00 7-) EC ~ BIOS ~!lm00 Figure 7-1 the physical map ofEC and BIOS The working conditions and functions of Ee l.The basic working condition ofEC (I) ffl.tJl:fJteg: EC tr-J#J~l:~J:I!, ~*iI#;I! VCCO, AVCC, VCCA~, &fx: EC B~*f *Jl:fj~eg~ VBAT. (1 )Standby power supply:the name of E VCCA,etc,a small number ofEC standby PQw (2) fflmnt~: !?Amril~~~~.3!1.7. (2)Standby lock:it's usually an exterli81 \\(3) fflfJUHft: EC .*f!fia<J~ ~, SMSC H8S tr-J~{ft;l! RES·. (3)Standby reset:the most beginm WRST#, VCC_POR# etc.the rese 0 (4) N~: EC lIJ!.tltlflttn I*J $, tE.iJJ~~f*1ff£EC rWti9 (4)Program:EC need to g work.The program may be sto 2. EC ~~mil.MJ~ -68- Scanned by CamScanner

tx a..~~;-fQ3:e ~iIl.r*ffl·I~ P (Low Pin ount, (L(;)J14J Fr iI I ~HQli J '.'~~connects lwj'th outh Bridg by LPC(Low Pin ounl) bus. '~V~GC3: LPC .~t:lta~'fitf\\!, 3.3V\" po rsupply ofLPC bu .3.3Y. CL : LPCCLOCK~LPCJ.)JfmW(J~ Mllz)t]j!,~~, 1.6V Jdiu LPGCLK:LPC CLOCK provides 33MHz frequency (or LP ,about I. V. LRBSET#: LPC ~ {ftffi~, 3.3V\" E1W:LPC reset signal3.3V. UPC_AD[O:3]: !'lh!ll:ft~J:~tIG, i!lru I {§S-JI1~E('HIN LP 1'i~~.{t'JIl!.J'Ii:;rIl'i&·JJ,li\" -.-tT·.Pt' _AD[O:3]:address data complex line,these four signal are used to tran mit the addrcs and data .i;'l~·bus. LPC_FRAME#: LPC I¥.J)i!jJMm~, ~i!l'{§·liHoJ~n'J, jl1~Jl~flJ1.'.Wj),j~- I LP N~JUJ. LPC_FRAME#:the cycle frame ofLPC,when this signal is active.indicates the tal1 or end of a y Ie .EC controls LCD backlight ID_SW#: ~i6t7f~. LID_SW#ffiW1-f1=ffl: ~f}VIJC~rl1tf~\"'%m r EC Jljltrr~:r1IIJl2J. **). 7fmJS~1~JIt1B~iiJ~~rij1rJlG. J.W.tE)!1it~ffl ~7Cftj: (l!!t!.~1l'Z ~fljIJJ1t1i'1 \\}. _SW#:1id-close s1witch.There are two functions of LlD_SW#:in shutdown stote.this signal forEC to determine whether it can tum on'pull down this signal after starting up,which can off-the backlighlNow commonly using the Hall element(magnetic sensor) to control this signal. Jl)jBACKOFF: lfJlG¥-t$tJ. _BACKOFF:backlight control Li_PWM: Mi.'1\"W. _ _PWM:brightness control il?t1f~tlCJH lrM:me battery charging ,~~~~~~B~~$ ~~~~f\\!~~tr~f\\!, ~~~B :t:1\\iJII jql.~~D. O. :i is determihed that the battery has been damaged,will battery lDay cause safety problems,such as Scanned by CamScanner

hen the battery voltage is I wer than the di charge end voltage(3V) and greater than 0.9 .with I 10 urrent of the constant current charging current to charge with small current.and the time i horLgenerally for a few minutes.If you use a large current to charge the battery with full di charge.it will damage the battery. (_) ti!~m.\"fE ~ (2) Constant current charging ~it!!.~ffi.*T-;E~1iJ§, :j$j.U1Al§:1iit1trl!, iJ:}~Ufdf!¥m:o E\\!¥l!!.(I~:kgMHj~:u.1: (80%) 1£ ~-~ IRf~ff, IJ1f8]~*o 1t~~iiit-hl(:fd~i~'JtEiff~(J~ffiL i:.t*~mlll~1tFI:I.~$, 1tifiiJ)§rl~ ~ ~~. When the battery voltage is greater than a certain threshold.it will be the constant current charging.and the feature is constant current.Most of the energy of the battery(80%) is stored at this stage for a long time.The charge current is generally controlled at an appropriate value,if the value is too large.which will affect the charging efficiency.and the capacity will be reduced after full. (3)mlli1t~ (3) Constant voltage charging ~7t!!. Jt!.ffi.~iU1t ~(fl~ 7 [email protected];j\"jitAmlli1E ~, !M'I.U~. ~¥l!!. ~ffi f~H~t[[~ 0 When the battery voltage reaches the end voltage of the charging.the battery is charged with constant voltage,and the feature is that the battery voltage is kept constant. 1E~Jt!.mt~i$T$.~l-'J • [email protected]/J'T 1110 m:mt1t~~mtll;j\", IlTI»-iA~1E~~*o It¥m?§:I:~$j. ft~m-iU~~ ft.. The charging current is gradually smaller.When the current is less than 1/10 of constant current charging currenlcharging end.The battery c:apagi~will be fully replenished. (4) ~mt1E~ (4) Trickle charge ~~mL1tE@., ~.ra~~rm~lI :!t:Ft!Ft!mE'J'T 1/10 m:mL1trt-flJIID t!!;Eo When the charging current is less charging current is close to 0 which con tant. The purpose is to supplemen lithium battery is usually 50/0- How to judge whether E EC ~jG.6l-g~-& ROM. 1lT~fi-fif£~ti *~*N~ 1iJ!?J-ttJijJ EC needs the pro -70- Scanned by CamScanner

tG 7!T! EC IftU BIOS 11ill t d in its internal ROM,also may be stored in the motherboard BIOS.lfthc EC comes with the program h n doing maintenance,you must find the same motherboard to disassemble.lf EC not com s ith the program,you can find the same type of chip to replace. How to judge whether EC com ith the program? 1t;t~~~~, ~iIii~~~, 1Jic.-50~ EC -f~m EI ?tH~ffo I!I 7-1 J:1:1j'I~ EC /F;IIH1ff:, III 7-21fl~ EC 13*~~o First,observe the appearance,EC with stickers, marked on the sUiface is usually bring their own procedures.EC in the figure 7-1 not comes with the program,and EC in the figure 7-2 comes with the program. Figure 7-2 EC comes with the program ;)t~~~f4, ~numiIiiJ:.fl~1~Jtl~m~J:j:l, EC ~ll BIOS fflrn;rllj1ft~7J~, YOOO 7-3 fffjj\\ 0 Second,observe the architecture,in machines can be repaired on the current market,there are four kinds ofconnection ways for EC and BIOS,as shown in figure 7-3. I~~~ ~ ~ (b) SPI (c) SPI (d) SPI 117-3 EC ~ BIOS 1't-J~~1Il FjgJ,Ue 7-3 the relational graph ofEC and BIOS -~1J ~ SPI Ji~~~ Be, f'!fr5 EC ilM LPC ~jtl~m, -Ai3! ~, -tEit;l!~ BIOS ~m-1'~ Jt 0 Scanned by CamScanner

nmM 7 ~ E[ IIlD BIOS s .~ SCSI -F~-@~~JJJ~el¥JJr-iID-Filif-I§ c.o~ B]OS. 19~PD, ~-FLoti 8]OS ~SB-F~±:*z.fBJ(J{Jim1§.@!~BtlJ8Z9J~f~FlllEflij~HOD 8IOS *~PX:. {£3Hn:ctHI ~, $Jt BIOS ~~m*fA.ff~@5\"~j]OB~BlOS EJ~l~~, ~,*M~®~1!:j::B0~)]~€i1tIfFo IEl *rii.~.:h*iJt:, q~1~m\"iJJI»-f-IEI c.B~ BlOSo fEb~ B]OS :i\\g;Q{Jt65IL /G1£!~Jfr1]DJJX: l!~U*~M:(J{JfOJJm, ~l1t, -J.RJ~:1EB1;Fi1£1tEJ~~_iIJ~-fr:(£±t.& BIOS pg, MTJJ~ -n,~:r8?ff(J{J1&., ::t1»-5\"~1Jo BIOS I¥J~At:I:ll.mo ~®~~Wi&1:~L(j~ BlOS ili~lJ:t:flXl¥J BIOS ~lHD Flash ROM 11: BIOS ROM ~J:t, lEJ~ili\"iJJI~A7J1fB~3l~, l2J,fl~~Jtff}R~f.3.&~5.ffi ~*~fto In addition to the motherboard,on the other device,such as network card, graphics card, M9E>EM.. digital camera, hard disk and so on,are also have the so-called BIOS,some SCSI cards iiiid some interface cards with special function also have its own BIOS.For example,BlOS on the :graphics card is used to complete the communication between the graphics card and the otlietbOard.The start and using of the hard disk also needs HOD 8]OS to complete.ln the process 2ni:1ie bOOt,the motherboard BIOS will call and execute these additional 8IOS program to complete initialization ofthese hardware.So theoretically speaking,each kind of hardware can have its own B 0S ut too many BIOS,it will not only increase the cost,and will lead to compatibility oD ems,therefore,in general,integrated the standardized device in the motherboard for those unique ifieation of manufacturers,appears with the form of additional BlOS.These BlOS on the external motherboard BIOS using Flash ROM as BIOS ROM chip,also easy to upgrade.to modify its erectS: and enhance its compatibility. CST J:tt~t&: .m~i!It~J§, ~tJftt$tE13 POST (Power On Self Test, LJ:E!.E1 ~p.g.~1-li4:i1HTt&:ft. i!1it5G~(J{J POST E1~-E!1J5M CPU, 640KB ~*pg ..~L~~M~~ ROM .. CMOS~~$ .. $*Q .. H-F,~@!~T*m.&m~ill a~~~~~~~., ~tJf~~ilim~ffi~~~m.~. wet on selftest:afl:er the computer power-on,POST(power On Self Test) program .ee- ~ the system.Usually complete POST includes to test CPU, 640KB basic ~~l~ of extended memory... ROM... CMOS memory, serial and parallel, am dis and keyboard,once found the problem during self test,the system Scanned by CamScanner

operating system boot record,then give the system control power to the boot record,and completed the sequence boot of the system by the boot record. (3) 'lllifrJJ[i %-t~Jj~: fJl fi:$Hlc3::t&@!1*4J 11YT-50~7H'co (3)lnterrupt service routine:responsible for the allocation of the motherboard hardware interrupt number assigned. (4) l~J¥i5[J1: m7ftJLJ§illA CMOS i&B. (4)Program settings:refers to enter the CMOS settings after booting. 2. BIOS ~:l:iR~IJ 2.BIOS capacity identification 19t1~o, ~-'%T:J SST 39VF040, ffrlillJt:lW~J§-=-fft~*/f'IPJ, 1~*~:!i/f'1PJ· For example.the model of SST 39VF040, three digits with underlined are di ffcrent,representing different capacity. 001/010/100: IM=12SKB 001/010/100: IM=12SKB 002/020/200: 2Mb=256KB 002/020/200: 2Mb=256KB 004/040/400: 4Mb=512KB 004/040/400: 4Mb=512KB OOS/OSO/SOO: SM=lMB 008/080/800: SM=lMB 160: 16Mb=2MB 160: 16Mb=2MB 320: 32Mb=4MB 320: 32Mb=4MB 640: 64Mb=SMB 640: 64Mb=8MB 11: Sb (1ft) = 1B (*li) Note:8b(bit)= 1B(byte) 3. BIOS ~~3\"=1f~Jt 3.The package type ofBI05 BIOS IY-JM!lt~;ct~fli~fIJ, A1*1lft There are many kinds ofBIOS ~ (I) TSOP48 TSOP48 M~~ BIOS ~ (I)TSOP48 BIOS with TSOP48 pao 7-4. -74- Scanned by CamScanner

M7 ~ E[ ffiD BIOS flffi 00 7-4 TSOP481i1ti(19 BIOS Figure 7-4 BIOS with TSOP48 package FOO 30 slJ4J~)(mIll7-5 1WlFo FD1 30 FD2 :lO The definition of pin shown in figure 7-5. FD3 30 8M TSOP FD4 :lO F05 3D 30 FAI 30 FA2i IIADDAO FOG 30 FD7 30 30 FMlPPEN 30 FA5IIMlM 30 FAll 30 FA7 30 FAa 30 FIl.I 30 FAIO 30 FAll 30 FA12 30 FAl3 30 FAU 30 FAl5 30 FAll 30 FAl7 30 FAI. 30 FAIt AO-AI8. Utli DO-DIS, Uill CEIl, Jtilt vcc, fM!.3.3V OEII• •UH!fm WEll. !ifCilF RESET#. Jlfit VSS, f t 00 7-5 TSOP48 M~I'JIJ BIOS ~llJ/.lIlEx :A18:the address line DO-DI5:the data line CE#:Chip select VCC:power supply WE#:write enable RESET#:reset VSS:ground connection Scanned by CamScanner

I' 7 6 T. 01'40 JHH(.J 1310S ·-:t~~l¥l L.::..:.....:.:.::~~f.i. ~~2~. eE' 11:\" r Vwl • 9 Of' [ \\\\U, _ _- - - W. O· 'STMICIO ~----~ TSOP40 1117 7 T P40 :J,';t~(t1 X-BUS .({J.t!G BIOS i;IJI/~ig X. (2)'1 sor40 BIOS with T OP40 packa ear g n rally X-BU bus the material object shown in figure 7- 6.i1lld the dcfiniti n of pin hown in figure 7-7. Fi 'life 7-6 th materialobj ct f 1 with 0 40 pac e (. i 'ure 7-7 the definiti n ofX- U in with OP40 (3) '( SOP32 TSOP 2 lH1t~ BI 0 40 *!iW-. JJl4Jift~.x. malii I 7 8 IJ • 7ti Scanned by CamScanner

1117-8 T 01'32 J'J;~~ x-nus .'~fJG 1310S 'JllJJ.ll'ilX o with TSOP32 are generally X-BUS bus,pin runction is similar to TSOP40.the definition ofp wn in figure 7-8. Figure 7-8 the definition of X-BUS BIOS pin with TSOP32 package (4) PLCC32 eC32 ti~(f(J BIOS f£~ic.*rt!.n®epillil~··l!!.MX-BUS .~,~JL 'JI})l.il/E)(.!mI¥l7-9 rfr/J;, ~:tmm 7-10 iff'J'. - .'.(.~ ••••••• SIll•••• 39VF040 I • 70-4C-NHE •••• 060710B-L -.-,..,..,.,..~ 8#: Jt~ OE#: i!l±lft-vt: (i!~)' WE#: ~ftitF vcc: {jtEl!JJ!lJ GND: :I:l!! AO-AI7: :I:l!!!.JI:m%~ DO-D7: ~i1M~-%~ 1l,..:{J PLCC32 ti~(f(J X-BUS .~~ BIOS i3IJJ14I~5( 00 7-10 PLCC32 t-t~ BIOS ~ power supply pin Scanned by CamScanner

+3VAlW Ee sPies\" F5Elil U20 vee I SPI WP# 5ClK SPI HOLDp es# EC SPIClK WP# 51 EC so SPI 51 HOlD# I::l 51 SPI SC ~ GND 50 MX25L512AMC-12G_508 CS&: J.i~ so: tjJtd;:;l}~:±l WP#: :Lj!~tf' GND: J:t!l 51: I.\\Jrr!i'i ~~ijA ClK: I.\\JtfRt# HOLD: fil' vcc: f:ttEl:t. ~ 7-11 SPI .~,~ BIOS 5IntlJ):£)( ~ 7-12 SPI .~,tlG BIOS ~!/PJ~ (S)SOP8 BIOS with 8 pin are SPI bus.the definition of pin shown in figure 7-] ],the material object shown in figure 7- I2. CS#:chip select SO:serial signal output WP#:write protection GND:ground SI:seriai signal input SCLK:serial clock HOLD:pause VCC: power supply Figure 7-1 I the definition ofSPI bus BIOS pin Figure 7-12 the material object ofSPI bus BIOS (6) SOPI6 IBM X200 mm BIOS $7HJl.~!B1E:ma<J~ 16 JJW SPI .~~, i31ij!pJE;X.~f]OO 7-13 Jiffffi. ~ ~mW1r~ 7-14 JifTlFo i3111#415E;x'!§i 811#41 SPI ~i!;J.. NC ;Jg~lI#4Io 00 7-13 SPr.~~ 16 JJIIJ BIOS ij (6)SOPI6 BIOS used by IBM X200 ~ figure 7-13 the material object sIlO is Not Connected. Figure 7-13 the definition Of Figure 7-14 the material oljj -78- Scanned by CamScanner

m7 ~ EC WiD 810S flffi Scanned by CamScanner

~~+~~~~~~$#A~, ~1~.-~~£~~~*, ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~U.~~$~~#*~~~$#~~~~~£~~lM. ~~~~*~~~~~~~~ #J ~;fl;fo Intel ~;f.;ii ot Jt. Chapter 8 The basic working process of notebook computer As a professional notebook computer maintenance personnel,in addition to have a certain basic knowledge,also need to understand the working process and Intel chipset standard timing of the laptop and other maintenance theories knowledge.This chapter focuses on the boot process and Intel standard timing. 8.1 The general boot process of notebook computer ~-iG* rt!/mi1¥J I i'F~~ilM-~I¥Jp;jJi! (Sequence). :{£~-iG*rt!/mia~$f~ ~ rp, Rt q $iJ&·tff{5rFI¥JJfZJ:IHi:::{£~~7fmJ:.ft!1l\\{;t, m~-mp4i'F Power Sequence, :±~mt~ffi-tk:~ -iG*rt!/mi:±tN..JA~mtt~JIJ CPU ~~ RESET -m~z.ra]~~:±tN.JiJifitl¥J.:rfHff. n~i,..JA*oo I: *:W, ll1~mt~p;jra]~III9i~o ~~J>\\fto~jlJJ:.ft!, NJIJ CPU Ii'F, )!z.fa]:{£~1fJI¥J~~L R ~1~~I¥Jat fa] , JL.If~;l!-f!PoJIIl1i:~tm :If, i§;l!:(£~tli I¥JI i'F1:, )!- f!P~ I¥J at fa] I*J ~ :&~1~$I¥J$'tff, .JAffl:mft!ffi;tz:~, jiJ ~.; JJ~~~I&7f~fl<J-m~, NJIj:&lli~~I ~~ffi.®~:±tN.~lli*fl<J~~~~~, ~~~~~~~~fl<J -m~;l!~,:{£~ @tJ7m{Utttfl¥JJ1~9J, ~-1'-~.:fIl:i~ -1'-~.R;If'~7fMi~. ®~~1'-tJ7~z.~W~~.F~~p;j ~ PWRGD-m~I¥J;tz: ~, Jl:Jt~*.e-JE&rt!ffi~~ Sms ~~2fflj The working process of the l~ cases,timing applied on the power-on refers to a laptop motherboard literally,timing is time and ~ work,we feel just a short time is lot of things in a seco~frii motherboard received the swi made so much action,it will steps,if the first step isn t requirements between eac -80- Scanned by CamScanner

generation requires that each voltage stabilize about 5ms will be sent. JA:J:ifiil¥J1l\"iB, 1iJl;A~:±I, n~'ffx1T-~3::ffB~lE1tI 11=f=j ~~ i.:t:~(J~~)(, ~1t]A!, *~.J:.Et! ~*m~i!iX~\" mfOlitff:fi ~Mn'l~B~ ~ 0 IJJ ~iJ'L ~~Ji 7 atff: , x1~i(l.*= EE!.JJili ••~&~~ ~~7-~~*~m~~~o From the above introduction,we can see that the timing has vel}' important significance for the notrtiaIJ working of a motherboard,the most common fault.such as no electricitY,no boot and ~1here have an important relationship with the timing.!t can be said that if you master the ~1hen you have a basic idea of maintenance for all kinds offaults of the laptop. Hard starting process and Intel chipset standard timing U~i~UI hard starting process B-ut, Intel~Jtt.ll (4~9tl~~) (f.]~i(l.*=egOOi7fmi1f¥~Dr: lh pneral,the boot process ofthe laptop with Intel chipset(below series 4) is as follows: *(D ~ti~{ffRJ ft:J It!;h1i~ ~ It!l!'J 02: It! rtk fO eg ¥1ljD, Jill i1 3V B~ ~1l.10 eg ¥tB f= ~ ff'€ ~ta'MfJj:ft:J RTC It!i!, l;Af~H~~$lI1f8](f.]ili{ff01*ffCMOS {§,~'O ttbOut any electrical equipment supply power (no battery and no power),through 3V button produce VCCRTC to supply RTC circuit of the South bridge.to keep the operation of the time and save the CMOS information. ~Llt!~~~~E~~,~~0~~o pI~ng in the battery or adapter,produce the common point. _f'=~ EC ft:J~m~1t!. (-~R!~tElt!.ffiJ, t£%'.fJi..fiteglE1t)§, EC ~g-lfErl1~fjl:eg mlt-t\"', ftm~lt!.glJi.tr=~ EC ~fft, EC ~~~ffl§Cti'.E15J'IJ!IJ{iL (BIOS J:tm~ - .,m\"J ). uce the EC standby power supply(usually linear voltage),after the standby power !tEe supply power to crystal oscillator to produce the Be standby c1ock.the standby delay produce EC reset,EC reads the program configuration own pin(BIOS chip select mvn in figure 8-1). Scanned by CamScanner

~ 1':\" , t t ~ CHTIOOV Figure 8- I BIOS chip select wavefonn ® iJo* EC ~~~¥tllt!.~~re;g, ~EIi;IJ1it1±l{\"§.!%1fjgWifftB\"J~:fJl{~1t!. (VCCSUS3_3. V5REF_SUS), ~15~ RSMRST#{\"§-'%1it~Wi:fjfJm~Wi:fjf~m~ffiiE~;:t/O* EC :f~j~~:f¥tl~ wc.;g (It!.i'I!!m~ ), EC $~1&¥tl1f~fA!I!1it{\"§.!%15, ;t~~1fjg Wi:fjf~m1ftIt!., !J.T.i~ Ft! j] 0 If EC detected the power adapter,it will automatically send a signal to open the standby power supply of the South bridge(VCCSUS3_3,V5REF_SUS),and send RSMRST# signal to the South bridge to notice the South bridge that the standby voltage is nonnal;if EC is not detected the adapter(battety mode),EC need to receive the switch trigger signal,then will open the South bridge standby power supply,to save power. @ ~ ~ 1f ~, EC 1&JtJ3f~ffl~ 15, ~It-.t 1it~ -1' j@j -{~- j@j B~ 3fm f\"§ -'%~ Wi ffi PWRBTN#j]l:Jlo Press the switch,after EC receiving the switch signal,delayed send a high-low-high boot signal to the South bridge PWRBTN# pin. receiving PWRBTN# ® Wi:fjf B~ ffl: tTL ~{lj: iE'iltJ3.1lkJlJ m~Et!, ,~~~Et! SLP_S3#{\"§.!% 0 Be ~¥.l*tl)o After the standby condition of SLP S3# signal,raising SLP_S5#,8LP_84# 8r:,P,,- hies CD SLP_S5#Wt SLP_S4#~$tJr; (VCCP). ~!llft~-F~I:\\!~ (1f~S SLP_S5# or SLP_84# control control the production ofthe brid~ power supply etc(some is controll sending to EC). @ EC ~lt-.tttl:I:H~% mB\"J I:\\!ffi e.~~$3f ~ 0 EC delay send signal voltage of the machine has -82- Scanned by CamScanner

® CPU f:Jt1t!.:iE'i'itJ5, CPU Eg¥J,jj!~lj1:.~JtJj:I±\\ PG mc~J!;tF(HfI: VRMPWRGD )jl;JJo Ret CPU power supply being normal,CPU power management chip send PG to the South .~ :v:RMPWRGD pin at last. @) CPU f:Jt1t!.:iE1itJ5, imii tt~~~~7f JEl f1~'~rp;C'.~Jt, tz:~.e-~ilnt~111 0 After CPU power supply being nonnal,open the clock chip through the conversion circuit,then produce :various clock. @ l~UJfi&!JJ 7 f:Jt It!. , B1~, VRMPWRGD, #4~iU EC Ql(;{jt ItJ. ~~il}if Dt~~* 01 PWROK, jiijM~1±I CPUPWRGD *iffi;;u CPU t:;81~'C.\\ltJ.ffiB;2JJX:r}J7fJEl, #fi'DatLitlli P-.LTRST#~ PCIRST#ffi~. $he South bridge received the power supply.clock,VRMPWRGD and received EC or power ply circuit delay conversion PWROK,the South bridge will send CPUPWRGD to infonn CPU lbit om core voltage has been successfully opened and send PLTRST# and PCIRST# signal at the emme. @ ::f~~i&¥tlPLTRST#J5, 1tCPURST#{§-5~E'CPU, CPU iE:r.t7fPi=lIfFo ~ the North bridge receiving PLTRST#,send CPURST# signal to CPU,then CPU officially work. !UUJ!W!J6 z;fjMN, ?£@J6 z;fjii~ 9=J, ft{fJilJ ~1E~i2* ItJ.JMi 8%)±1tJ.0-:tJ 4 1-miJ\\ 0 e above is the hard start process,in the process of hard start,we can divide the power supply laptop into 4 levels. 1~ 63 It!.: Ii§d• ..tIt!.~B1;a:~l¥.Jttffi, -~~~tt~7f~~ EC, M11it~~jH11J:r.ttz:~ wer:vol1age generated just plug the power,generally supply to power switch and EC,is usually linear way. S5 It!.: iiml¥.J*mIt!ffi, ~~mml¥.J VCCSUS3_3, ~·fJ1.:1*~r01E€., iffi1t~ ~~l¥J. wer:the standby voltage of the South bridge,supply to VCCSUS3_3 of the South in the state ofpower offis usually produced by PWM way. @: P36l¥J~Jt!, S311i~~~\"fI¥.JIt!. epower supply of the memory,the power in the state ofS3 sleeping. ° M:iE1itjiffll~I¥.J±~Jt!, 1Bn4 RUN It!. , 'E!.1\\MJj:±~It!, .~~~11!, ....cr.\"'we.'~.I: swply to the normal operation of the machine,also called RUN er sQPPly,the bus power supply,CPU power supply and others. ~~i~OO PWM 1iitl:lH~tJ(J 3V, 5V ~~~tJf~lt!. ~J *m*63 l{jC~\"\"F.1irroo X1m, ~iJt A8E are also called the Jy, hut it exits [@.l$',PjO«(Qjucedby Scanned by CamScanner