kerala pop 2011 revised

APPENDIX 11 345 1 2 34 5F. HERBICIDES 58 WSL Phenoxy acids Yellow Agrodar 96, Advance 35 EC Phenoxy acids Yellow Weedar, Ethyl ester, 2,4-D amine 80 WP Agrodon 50 EC, 10G Phenoxy acids Yellow Weedar, Weed clean 2,4-D ethyl 60 DF Fernoxone,Knock weed ester 10 SC amides Blue Lasso 5G, 50 EC Sulfonyl ureas Blue Rozal, Escuri 2,4-D sodium salt Pyrimidinyl(thio) Blue Nomineegold, Taarak, benzoate Adora Alachlor Machete, Fastmix, Superchlo, Amides Blue Dhanuclor, Nirmul, Hiltachlor, Bensulfuron Madhuchlor, Thunder, methyl Butalax, Weedkil, Jaichlor, Butachlor Bispyribac Classic sodium Cinch, Argold Butachlor Command, commenceChlorimuron 25 WP Sulfonyl ureas Blue Clincherethyl 10 EC Cineoles Blue Klass, DynamiteCinmethylin 50 EC Blue Sunrise Isoxazo- GreenClomazone lidinones Puma super, Blue Whip super,Cyhalofop 10 EC Aryloxy Blue Rice starbutyl phenoxy- Artist, Axiom, Cadou, propionate Define, Liberator, Radius,Diuron 80 WP Tiara, Terano.Ethoxy- 15 WDG Ureas Basta, challengesulfuronFenoxaprop - p - 10 EC Sulfonyl ureas Glytaf, Roundup, Noweed,ethyl 9.3 EC Glycel, Cleanup, Glyfos, 6.7 EC Aryloxy Blue sweep, Jaicell, Weed All,Flufenacet 60 DF phenoxy Blue Safal propionate Oxy acetamideGlufosinate 13.5 SL Phosphonic Blueammonium 41 SL acid BlueGlyphosate organo- phosphorus

346 2 3 4 APPENDIX 11 20WP Sulfonyl ureas Blue 5 1 Metsulfuron 80 WP Oxadiazole Blue Algrip, Ally, Allie, Gropper, methyl 6 EC Escort Oxadiargyl 25 EC Oxadiazole Blue Topstar 23.5 EC Diphenyl ether Blue Raft Oxadiazone 30 EC Dinitroanilines Blue Ronstar Oxyfluorofen Oxy Gold, Goal Pendimethalin Stomp, Dhanuslone, Tata panidaPretilachlor 50 EC, Chloroacetamide Blue Pretty herb, Refit, 30.7 EC Chloroacetamide Blue Preet, TaghitPretilachlor + 30 EC Sulfonyl ureas Blue SofitSafenerPyrazosulfuron 10 WP SathiG. Combination Products of Herbicides Londax PowerBensulfuron 0.6 + 6 G Sulfonyl ureas Green Almix, Synmuron,methyl + 20 WP Sulfonyl ureas BluePretilachlor Slightly toxicMetsulfuron+ChlorimuronHighly toxic Moderately toxicFormulations-: CS – Colloidal Suspension; DP - Dusting Powder; DS - DispersibleSolid; EC - Emulsifiable Concentrate; FS - Flowable suspension ; G/GR - Granule;SC - Suspension Concentrate; SG – Soluble Granule ; SL - Soluble Liquid;SP - Soluble Powder; WG - Wettable Granule; WP - Wettable powder; WS - WaterSoluble; WDG - Water Dispersible Granule; WSP – Water Soluble Powder.

APPENDIX 12 347 Appendix 12LIST OF PESTICIDES / PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS BANNED IN INDIAA. Pesticides banned for manufacture, import and use (28 Nos.)Sl. Name of pesticides Sl. Name of pesticidesNo. No.1 Aldrin 15 Pentachlorophenol2 Benzene Hexachloride 16 Phenyl Mercury Acetate3 Calcium Cyanide 17 Sodium Methane Arsonate4 Chlordane 18 Tetradifon5 Copper Acetoarsenite 19 Toxafen6 CIbromochloropropane 20 Aldicarb7 Endrin 21 Chlorobenzilate8 Ethyl Mercury Chloride 22 Dieldrine9 Ethyl Parathion 23 Maleic Hydrazide10 Heptachlor 24 Ethylene Dibromide11 Menazone 25 TCA (Trichloro acetic acid)12 Nitrofen 26 Metoxuron13 Paraquat Dimethyl Sulphate 27 Chlorofenvinphos14 Pentachloro Nitrobenzene 28 Lindane** Banned vide Gazette Notification No S.O. 637(E) Dated 25/03/2011)-Banned for Manufacture,Import or Formulate w.e.f. 25th March,2011 and banned for use w.e.f. 25th March,2013.B. Pesticide / Pesticide formulations banned for use but their manufacture is allowed for export (2 Nos.) Sl.No. Name of pesticides 29 Nicotin Sulfate 30 Captafol 80 PowderC. Pesticide formulations banned for import, manufacture and use (4 Nos) Sl.No. Name of pesticides 1 Methomyl 24 L 2 Methomyl 12.5 L 3 Phosphamidon 85 SL 4 Carbofuran 50 SP

348 APPENDIX 12D. Pesticides withdrawn (7 Nos)Sl.No. Name of pesticides1 Dalapon2 Ferbam3 Formothion4 Nickel Chloride5 Paradichlorobenzene (PDCB)6 Simazine7 WarfarinE. Pesticides refused registrationSl.No. Name of pesticides1 Calcium Arsonate2 EPM3 Azinphos Methyl4 Lead Arsonate5 Mevinphos (Phosdrin)6 2,4, 5-T7 Carbophenothion8 Vamidothion9 Mephosfolan10 Azinphos Ethyl11 Binapacryl12 Dicrotophos13 Thiodemeton / Disulfoton14 Fentin Acetate15 Fentin Hydroxide16 Chinomethionate (Morestan)17 Ammonium Sulphamate18 Leptophos (Phosvel)

APPENDIX 12 349F. Pesticides restricted for use in IndiaSl.No. Name of pesticides Type of Restriction 1 Aluminium Phosphide 3g tablets in cage packing and powder form in pouch allowed for use in rat burrows 2 DDT Banned in agriculture; Restricted use allowed only for domestic public health program upto 10,000 MT per year 3 Lindane Restricted use allowed only in termite control upto 24-03-2013 4 Methyl Bromide To be used only by Govt. under strict supervision of Govt Expert or pest control operator 5 Methyl Parathion Restricted use allowed only on crops where honeybees are not acting as pollinators 6 Sodium Cyanide Only for fumigation of cotton bales by Plant Protection Adviser to Govt. of India under expert supervision 7 Methoxy Ethyl Mercuric Only for seed treatment of potato and sugarcane Chloride (MEMC) 8 Monocrotophos Banned in vegetables 9 Endosulfan Banned in Kerala State10 Fenitrothion Banned in agriculture except for locust control and in public health11 Diazinon Banned in agriculture except for household pest control12 Fenthion Banned in agriculture except for locust control, household pest control and public health13 Dazomet Banned in tea. Source: http://cibrc.gov.in/list_pest_bann.htm

350 APPENDIX 13 Appendix 13 Annexure to G.O. (MS) No. 123/2011/Agri. dated 12-05-2011 Substitutes for pesticides banned by Govt. of Keralavide G.O. (MS) No. 116/2011/Agri. dated 7-5-2011 (Interim Recommendations) INSECTICIDESSl. Name of Present Recommenda- Substitute chemicals Colour code Dosage perNo. chemical banned tion of the Chemical recommended (Toxicity Class) hectre of with trade names for Crop / Pest as per against banned of the chemical formulated KAU Package 2007 chemical product of substitute chemicals12 3 4 561 Endosulfan (Yellow) Not recommended 1. Carbaryl Yellow 588 g/ha Trade Names : Yellow 1.5 l/ha Hildan 35 EC, byKAU 50 WP Thiodan 35 EC, Starsulfan 35 EC, 2. Quinalphos Hexasulfan 35 EC, Endocel 35 EC, 25 EC Parrysulfan 35 EC, Corosulfan 35 EC, 1. Rice 1. Carbosulfan 6 G Yellow 16.7 kg/ha Thiokill 35 EC, Yellow 25 kg/ha Thiotox 35 EC Stem Borer, 2. Cartap hydro- Yellow 5 kg/ha2 Carbofuran 3G Gall Midge, chloride 4 G Yellow 25 kg/ha (Red ) Green 10 kg/ha Trade Names : BPH,GLH, Hispa, 3. Quinalphos 5 G Furadan 3 G, Blue 100 g/ha Hexafuran 3G Nematodes 4. Fipronil 0.3 G Green 50 ml/ha 5. Chlorantranili- Green 125 g/ha prole 0.4 G Yellow 125 ml/ha 6. Thiamethoxam Blue 1.0 kg/ha 25 WG Yellow 1.98 l/ha Yellow 16.7 kg/ha 7. Flubendiamide 39.35 SC 8. Flubendiamide 20 WG 9. Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 10. Acephate 75 SP 2. Banana 1. Dimethoate 30 EC Aphid (Vector of 2. Carbosulfan 6 G Nematodes virus Diseases)

APPENDIX 13 351 12 3 4 56 3 Phorate 10G (Red) The following management practices should be adopted against virus Trade Names : diseases in banana Thimet 10 G, Phorate 10 G, 1. Field Sanitation through massive campaign JK Phorate 10 G, Umet 10 G 2. Enforcement of domestic quarantine of planting materials 4 Methyl Parathion 3. Production and distribution of disease free virus indexed, tissue 50EC (Red) culture plantlets. Trade Names : Metacid 50 EC, 4. Paring of suckers followed by hot water treatment and application Metacid 2 DP, of neem cake Paramet M 50 EC, Parataf 2 DP, 5. Crop insurance scheme to be streamlined Ekatox 2 DP, Parataf 50 EC/AF 3. Brinjal 1. Azadirachtin 1 EC Green 1-1.5 L/ha Green 5 L/ha (sucking pests) 2. Azadirachtin Blue 160 ml/ha 0.03 EC 3. Spinosad 45 SC 4. Cardamom 1. Carbosulfan 6 G Yellow 16.7 kg/ha Nematodes 1. Rice 1. Carbosulfan 6 G Yellow 16.7 kg/ha Stem Borer, 2. Cartap hydro- Yellow 25 kg/ha Gall Midge, BPH, chloride 4 G Yellow 5 kg/ha GLH, Hispa, 3. Quinalphos 5 G Yellow 25 kg/ha Nematodes 4. Fipronil 0.3 GR Green 10 kg/ha 5. Chlorantraniliprole Blue 100 g/ha 0.4 G 6. Thiamethoxam Green 50 ml/ha 25 WG Green 125 g/ha 7. Flubendiamide 39.35 SC 8.` Flubendiamide 20 WG 1. Rice 1. Quinalphos 5 G Yellow 5 kg/ha BPH, Thrips, 2. Quinalphos 25 EC Yellow 1.5 L/ha Hoppers,bugs, 3. Carbaryl 5 DP Yellow 25 kg/ha leaf folder 4. Carbaryl 85 WP Yellow 588 g/ha 5. Chlorpyrifos 20 EC Yellow 1.87 L/ha 6. Fipronil 5 SC Yellow 1.5 L/ha 7. Thiamethoxam Blue 100 g/ha 25 WG Blue 1.0 kg/ha 8. Acephate 75 SP 2. Rice 1. Cartap hydrochloride Yellow 25 kg/ha Stem borer and leaf folder 4G 1.0 kg/ha 2. Cartap hydrochloride Yellow 62.5 g/ha 150 ml/ha 50 SP 3. Fipronil 80 WG Yellow 4. Chlorantraniliprole Green 18.5 SC

352 APPENDIX 1312 3 4 565 Monocrotophos(Red) Trade Names : Rice 5. Chlorantraniliprole Green 10.0 kg/ha Nuvacron 40 EC, BPH, Stem borer, Monocil 40 EC, Leaf folder 0.4 G 50 ml/ha Corphos 36 EC, Monophos 40 EC, Rice 6. Flubendiamide Green 125 g/ha JKono 36, Stem borer Kadett 36, and leaf folder 39.35 SC 125 ml/ha Phoskill 36, 1. 0 kg/ha Hilcron 36 Cardamom 7. Flubendiamide Green (Thrips &6 Methyldemeton(Red) podborer) 20 WG Trade Name : Metasystox Sucking Pests 8. Imidacloprid 17.8 SL Yellow 25 EC/AF (No specific recommendation 9. Acephate 75 SP Blue7 Triazophos (Yellow) by KAU) Trade Name : Rice Leaf folder 1. Quinalphos 5 G Yellow 5 kg/ha Hostathion 40 EC, 1.5 L/ha Spark- Combi 2. Quinalphos 25 EC Yellow 25 kg/ha 588 g/ha 3. Carbaryl 5 DP Yellow 1.87 L/ha 1.5 L/ha 4. Carbaryl 85 WP Yellow 100 g/ha 5. Chlorpyrifos 20 EC Yellow 1.0 kg/ha 25.0 kg/ha 6. Fipronil 5 SC Yellow 1.0 kg/ha 7. Thiamethoxam Blue 62.5 g/ha 25% WG 150 ml/ha 8. Acephate 75 SP Blue 10 kg/ha 1. Cartap hydrochloride Yellow 50 g/ha 4G 125 g/ha 2. Cartap hydrochloride Yellow 1.0 kg/ha 50 SP 3. Fipronil 80 WG Yellow 4. Chlorantraniliprole Green 18.5 SC 5. Chlorantraniliprole Green 0.4 G 6. Flubendiamide Green 39.35 SC 7. Flubendiamide Green 20 WG 8. Acephate 75 SP Blue 1. Quinalphos Yellow 1.2 L/ha 25 EC Yellow 500 ml/ha 2. Phenthoate 50 EC Blue 800 g/ha 3. Diafenthiuron Yellow 830 ml/ha 50 WP 4. Dimethoate 30 EC Not available in Kerala and hence no substitute proposed 1. Cartap hydrochloride Yellow 25.0 kg/ha 4G 1.0 kg/ha 2. Cartap hydrochloride Yellow 50 SP

APPENDIX 13 353 12 3 4 56 3. Fipronil 80 WG Yellow 62.5 g/ha 4. Chlorantraniliprole Green 150 ml/ha 18.5 SC Green 10 kg/ha 5. Chlorantraniliprole Green 50 ml/ha 0.4 G 6. Flubendiamide Green 125 g/ha 39.35 SC Blue 160 ml/ha 7. Flubendiamide 20 WG 8. Spinosad 45 SC8 Profenophos(yellow) No specific Widely used in Kerala without recommendation Trade Name : recommendation of KAU or approval by CIB-RC. Label claim Curacron , Polytrin, available for tea only. Pataka, Rocket, Carina Use of carbofuran is permitted for insecticide trials as check/control for research purpose in Kerala Agricultural University. Kerala Agricultural University will be conducting detailed field trials to identify suitable chemicals/biopesticides for substituting the banded chemicals. For this purpose a detailed project proposal will be submitted by the Director of Extension/ Director of Research, KAU, for funding from RKVY for an approximate amount of Rs.300lakhs. FUNGICIDESSl. Name of Present Recommen- Substitute chemicals Colour code Dosage perNo. chemical banned dation of the Chemical recommended (Toxicity Class) hectare of for Crop / Pest as per against banned of the chemical formulated KAU Package 2007 product of chemical substitute chemicals12 3 4 561 Methoxy Ethyl Rosewood Substitute is to be evolved through field trials. Mercuric chloride damping off However, in case of emergency Bordeaux mixture (MEMC) (Red ) 1% may be used.2 Ediphenphos Rice blast 1. Carpropamid Green 500 ml/ha (Yellow) 27.8 SC Green 500 g/ha Trade Names:- Blue 750 ml/ha Hinosan 50 EC, 2. Carbendazim Green 500 ml/ha H-Phos 50 EC 50 WP Blue 750 g/ha 3. Isoprothiolane 40 EC 4. Kresoxim Methyl 44.3 SC 5. Tebuconazole 25.9 EC

354 APPENDIX 1312 34 5 63 Tricyclazole (Yellow) Rice sheath blight 1. Carbendazim 50 WP Green 500 g/ha Trade Names : Green 500 ml/ha Beam 75 WP 2. Kresoxim Methyl 44.3 SC Blue 750 g/ha4 Oxythioquinox (Blue) Trade Names : 3. Tebuconazole Green 750 ml/ha Morestan 25.9 EC Blue 300 ml/ha 4. Pencycuron Blue 1.0 L/ha 22.9 SC Blue 2.25 kg/ha 5. Flusilazole 40 EC Green 500 g/ha 6. Hexaconazole 5 EC 7. Iprodione 50 WP Rice Brown 1. Carbendazim Blue 2.0 kg/ha Leaf spot 50 WP Green 500 g/ha 2. Propineb 70 WP Rice Sheath Rot 1. Carbendazim Blue 500 g/ha 50 WP 2. Carboxin 75 WP Rice Blast 1. Carbendazim Green 2 g/kg seed (Seed Treatment) 50 WP Green 10g/kg seed 2. Biocontrol with Pseudomonas fluorescens Tobacco and Substitute to be evolved through field trials. Green peas Both the crops are seldom cultivated in Kerala. powdery mildew However, in case of exigency spray Carbendazim 50% WP @ 500 g/ha HERBICIDES Dosage perSl. Name of Present Recommen- Substitute chemicals Colour code ha ofNo. chemical banned dation ofthe Chemical recommended (Toxicity Class) formulated for Crop / Pest as per against banned of the chemical product of chemical KAU Package 2007 substitute chemicals1 Paraquat (Yellow) Non crop Glyphosate 41 SL Blue 0.8 kg ai/ha Trade Name : situation Gramoxone 20 EC2 Anilophos (Yellow) Rice 1. Butachlor 50 EC Blue 1.25 kg ai /ha Trade Names : 2. Pretilachlor 50 EC Blue 1.5 kg ai/ha Arozin 30% EC, Aniloguard 30 EC3 Atrazin (Blue) Sugarcane 1. Diuron 80 WP Blue 1.5 kg ai /ha Trade Name : Atrazin 50 WP4 Thiobencarb (Blue) Rice 1. Butachlor 50 EC Blue 1.25 kg ai/ha Trade Name : 2. Pretilachlor 50 EC Blue 1.5 kg ai/ha Saturn 50 EC

APPENDIX 14 355 Appendix 14 AD HOC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY AND MICRO NUTRIENTSA. CROP-WISE RECOMMENDATIONS:1. RicePreventive strategies for Zn management • Presoak seeds in a 2 % ZnSO4 suspension in water (20 g ZnSO4 per litre). 1kg seed to be presoaked in 1 litre of ZnSO4 suspension for 24 hours, drain and keep for sprouting. • Fertilizer management: Apply sufficient quantity of organic manure. Incorporate 20kg Zn sulfate per ha in the soil before seeding or transplanting.Treatment of Zn deficiency If Zn deficiency symptoms are observed in the field, apply 20kg ZnSO4.7 H2O per ha. Foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 solution,( 1kg ZnSO4 + ½ kg lime to avoid phytotoxicity in200 L water ha-1 ie. 5g ZnSO4 + 2.5g lime per litre of water) for emergency treatment of Zndeficiency in growing plants. Apply at tillering (25–30 DAT), and give two or three repeatapplications at intervals of 10–14 days. Application of magnesium as basal dose @ 20 kg MgO/ha is effective in giving significantincrease in grain and straw yield of rice in magnesium deficient soils.2. Coconut Magnesium sulphate @ 0.5-1.0 kg/palm/year is recommended for root (wilt) affectedarea. For sandy and sandy loams of Onattukara and similar situations and also for hybridpalms grown in root (wilt) affected areas, apply 500 g MgSO4/palm/year. Apply lime or dolomite duringApril-May, magnesium sulphate during August- Septemberand organic matter during May – June. For an adult palm 1 kg dolomite or 1 kg lime + 0.5 kgMgSO4 is required per annum.3. Arecanut Magnesium sulphate @ 60 g, borax and zinc sulphate @ 20 g per palm/year can berecommended for yellowing affected palms.4. Ginger and Turmeric Boron @ 2 kg/ha and Zinc sulphate @ 30 kg per hectare can be used in deficient soils.

356 APPENDIX 145. Groundnut Application of S and B @ 20 kg and 4 kg/ha respectively can be recommended.6. Cowpea: Lime @ 250 kg/ha or dolomite @ 400 kg/ha can be recommended at the time of firstploughing.7. Cocoa Dolomite @ 100 g/plant/year to plants from the third year onwards. In case of zinc deficiency, spray 0.5 to 1.5 % ZnSO4 three times a year.8. Sesamum Sulphur @30 kg.ha-1 and boron @2.5 kg. ha-1 is can be recommended for sesame inrice fallows of Onattukara. Apply Zn SO4 20 kg. ha-1 in the loamy/ sandy soils of Onattukara region in case ofdeficiency.9. Black Pepper When Soil pH < 5.5 – apply lime @ 500 g/ standard, in alternate years. Use Dolomiteif Mg is also low. Apply 200g Mg SO4 per vine when there is Mg deficiency. In a zincdeficient soil, apply zinc sulphate @ 30g per vine ( 30 kg/ha ZnSO4) or give foliar spray of0.5% Zinc sulphate twice at new flushing and spike initialization stage. In case B deficiency,apply Borax @ 10 to 20g/standard or give foliar spray of 0.2% borax. When there is Modeficiency apply sodium molybdate @1 kg/ha or give foliar spray @ 0.1%.10. Cardamom In zinc deficient soils, apply zinc sulphate @ 25 kg/ha or give foliar spray of 0.25%Zinc sulphate twice at flushing and panicle initialization stage. Apply Borax @ 7.5 kg/ha inB deficient soils or give foliar spray of 0.2% borax.11. Tomato: Soil application @ 10 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and 2 kg B ha-1 is recommended for tomato.12. Rubber In case of magnesium deficiency symptoms use 50 kg of commercial magnesiumsulphate per hectare.13. Cassava In case of deficiency, use MgSO4 @ 20 kg/ha and ZnSO4@ 10 kg/ha, S @50 kg /ha Sand B as borax @ 10 kg/ ha.14. Sweet potato In case of Boron deficiency use borax @1.5 kg ha-1.

APPENDIX 14 357B. SOIL BASED RECOMMENDATIONS: In cases where crop-specific recommendations are not available, the following guidelinescan be used for recommending secondary and micro nutrients.Secondary Nutrients (Ca, Mg, S) Calcium deficiency can be anticipated in extremely acidic, highly leached tropicalsoils. If the exchangeable Ca level is less than 300 mg kg-1, soils are classified as deficient.Lime application at rates given below is recommended.Sl No. pH range Class Lime requirement 1 < 3.5 Ultra Acid (Kg CaCO3 ha-1) 10002 3.5 – 4.5 Extremely acid 8503 4.5 – 5.0 Very Strongly acid 6004 5.0 – 5.5 Strongly acid 3505 5.5 – 6.0 Moderately acid 2506 6.0 – 6.5 Slightly acid 100 Magnesium deficiency can also be observed under extremely acidic soil environment.If the exchangeable Mg level is less than 120 mg kg-1, soils are classified as deficient.Application of MgSO4 @ 80 kg ha-1 is recommended. Highly leached tropical soils may develop S deficiency. When available sulphur levelsin soil are less than 5 mg kg-1, symptoms may appear. Application of sulphur/ sulphur containingfertilizers to give 25kg S per hectare is recommended.Micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) Kerala soils in general have high levels of iron and manganese. Toxic soluble levels ofthese elements can be managed by liming. Deficiency situation may arise in sandy soils withneutral/alkaline reaction. When the available Fe is less than 5 mg kg-1 the soil is consideredas deficient. Application of FeSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 is recommended. Available Mn level lessthan 1 mg kg-1 soil condition is rated as deficient. Foliar application of 0.5% MnSO4 isrecommended. Copper deficiency is observed in 31% of soils in Kerala. Available Cu level below0.12 mg kg-1 in neutral / alkaline soils and below 1 mg kg-1 in acid soils is rated as deficient.Application of CuSO4.5H2O @ 2 kg /ha, seedling dip in 1% copper sulphate solution orsoaking of seeds in 0.25% copper sulphate solution for rice is recommended Deficiency of Zn is observed in about 34% soils in Kerala. Available Zn less than0.6 mg kg-1 in neutral/alkaline soils and 1 mg kg-1 in acid soils is rated as deficient condition.Application of ZnSO4.7H2O @ 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 is recommended. Foliar application of3 kg ZnSO4 dissolved in 187 litres of water per hectare, 20-25 days after planting isrecommended for rice.

358 APPENDIX 14 Deficiency of B is observed in highly leached soils. Available B levels less than 0.5 mgkg-1 in soil can be rated as deficient. Deformation of young leaves, drying/withering ofgrowing points, failure in splitting of leaflets in coconut, chocking etc are some of thesymptoms. Application of 10 kg Borax ha-1or 0.5% solution of Borax as foliar spray isrecommended. Where ever crop specific ad hoc recommendations are not available, generalrecommendations as indicated in the table attached can be adopted. These ad hoc recommendations can be used to combat problems of deficiency/excessof secondary/micro nutrients until further refinements and modifications are made.1. NPK ratings and recommendations for field crops (Fertilizer recommendations on area basis)Soil % of organic carbon N as % of Available Available P and K as general P (kg ha-1) K (kg ha-1) % of generalfertility Sandy Clayey/ recommend- recommend-class Loamy ation ation0 0.00-0.10 0.00-0.16 128 0.0-3.0 0-35 1281 0.11-0.20 0.17-0.33 117 3.1-6.5 36-75 1172 0.21-0.30 0.34-0.50 106 6.6-10.0 76-115 1063 0.31-0.45 0.51-0.75 97 10.1-13.5 116-155 944 0.46-0.60 0.76-1.00 91 13.6-17.0 156-195 835 0.61-0.75 1.01-1.25 84 17.1-20.5 196-235 716 0.76-0.90 1.26-1.50 78 20.6-24.0 236-275 607 0.91-1.10 1.51-1.83 71 24.1-27.5 276-315 488 1.11-1.30 1.84-2.16 63 27.6-31.0 316-355 379 1.31-1.50 2.17-2.50 54 31.1-34.5 356-395 252. Ratings and recommendations for Secondary and Micronutrients***a. Secondary NutrientsNutrient Deficiency Sufficiency RecommendationCalcium As per lime requirementMagnesium < 1.5 me. 100g-1 > 1.5 me. 100g-1 (300 mg kg-1) (300mg kg-1) 80 kg MgSO4 ha-1Sulphur 25 kg S ha-1 < 1.0 me. 100g-1 >1.0 me. 100g-1 (120 mg kg-1) (120mg kg-1) < 5mg kg-1 5 -10 mg kg-1

APPENDIX 14 359b. MicronutrientsNutrient Deficiency Sufficiency Recommendation0.1N HCl-Zn < 1.00 mg kg-1 > 1.00 mg kg-1 *20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1(For Acid soils) < 0.60 mg kg-1 < 1.00 mg kg-1 > 0.60 mg kg-1 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1DTPA – Zn < 0.12 mg kg-1 > 1.00 mg kg-1(for neutral to alkaline soils) > 0.12 mg kg-1 **1.5 to 2.0 kg < 5.0 mg kg-1 CuSO4.5H2O ha-10.1N HCl-Cu < 1.0 mg kg-1 > 5.0 mg kg-1 **1.5 to 2.0 kg(For Acid soils) < 0.5 mg kg-1 > 1.0 mg kg-1 CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 >0.5 mg kg-1DTPA – Cu 15 kg FeSO4 ha-1(For neutral to alkaline soils) Foliar Spray of 0.5%DTPA – Fe/ 0.1 N HCl Fe MnSO4(For both acidic and alkaline soils) 10 kg Borax ha-1or 0.5% solution of BoraxDTPA – Mn/ 0.1 N HCl Mn(For both acidic and alkaline soils)Hot Water Extractable Boron*Zn – Application of 3 kg ZnSO4 dissolved in 187 litres of water per hectare as foliarspray 20-25 days after planting for rice (as 1.65% ZnSO4 solution to give 0.7 kg Zn ha-1)**Cu – Seedling dip in 1% copper sulphate solution or soaking of seeds in 0.25% coppersulphate solution for rice, or 0.025% solution of CuSO4.5H2O.*** The micronutrients should be applied, if found deficient, only on soil test basis. The laterite and associated soils which constitute more than 70% of cultivated area inKerala have shown low or medium status in terms of available micronutrients. More than90 % of the soils of Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam districts have shown deficiency ofsulphur. Thrissur and Palakkad soils have also indicated deficiency in 80% cases. All soilsof Kerala except black soils of Palakkad districts showed varying degrees of deficiency ofavailable Mg. Kuttanad soils have shown deficiency of zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium.

360 APPENDIX 15 APPENDIX 15Institutions under the Kerala Agricultural University1. Teaching InstitutionsFaculty of AgricultureCollege of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 0471-2381915, 2382439College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 0487-2370822, 2371652College of Agriculture, Padannakad, Kasargod 0467 - 2280616College of Co-operation, Banking and Management, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 0487 - 2370367College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 0487 - 2370050Faculty of Agricultural EngineeringKelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Tavanur, Malappuram 0494 - 26862142. Regional Agricultural Research StationsRegional Agricultural Research Station (Northern Zone), Pilicode, Kasargod 0467 - 2260450Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad 04936 - 260421Regional Agricultural Research Station, (Central Zone), Pattambi, Palakkad 0466 - 2212275Regional Agricultural Research Station (Special Problem Area Zone), 0481 - 2524421Kumarakom, KottayamOnattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kayamkulam, Alappuzha 0479 - 2443192Regional Agricultural Research Station (Southern Zone), Vellayani, 0471 - 2382239Thiruvananthapuram3. Other Research Stations 0460 - 2227287 04868 - 236263 Pepper Research Station, Panniyur, Thaliparamba, Kannur 0483 - 2864239 Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara, Idukki 0487 - 2370726 Cashew Research Station, Anakkayam, Malappuram 0487 - 2699087 Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy, Thrissur 0487 - 2370339 Banana Research Station, Kannara, Thrissur 0487 - 2373242 Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara, Thrissur 0480 - 2702116 Pineapple Research Station, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 0484 - 2658221 Agronomic Research Station, Chalakudy, Thrissur 0485 - 2260832 Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station,Odakkali, Ernakulam 0484 - 2809963 Pineapple Research Station, Vazhakulam, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam 0487 - 2374332 Rice Research Station, Vyttila, Ernakulam 0477 - 2702245 Central Nursery, Vellanikkara 0469 - 2604181 Rice Research Station, Moncompu, Alappuzha 0474 - 2663535 Sugarcane Research Station, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta 0471 - 2343586 Farming System Research Station, Sadanandapuram, Kottarakkara, Kollam 0471 - 2400621 Cropping System Research Station, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram4. Training and Extension Centres 0487 - 2370773 0487 - 2371104 Communication Centre, Mannuthy, Thrissur 0487 - 2371340 Central Training Institute, Mannuthy, Thrissur 0487 - 2370405 Agricultural Technology Information Centre, Mannuthy, Thrissur KAU Press, Mannuthy, Thrissur5. Krishi Vigyan Kendras 04936 - 260411 0466 - 2212279 Ambalavayal, Wayanad 0474 - 2459388 Pattambi, Palakkad 0481 - 2529631 Sadanandapuram, Kottarakkara, Kollam 0487 - 2375855 Kumarakom, Kottayam 0494 - 2686329 Mannuthy, Thrissur 0460 - 2226087 Tavanur, Malapuram Panniyur, Kannur