ترجمة البلقيني دراسة و تحقيق

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌــﺔ ﺍﻹﺴــﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻏــﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴـــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴـــﺔ ﺃﺼـــﻭل ﺍﻟـــﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴـــﻡ ﺍﻟﺤـــﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺸـــﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫\"َﺗ ْﺮ َﺟﻤَ ُﺔ اﻟﺒُْﻠﻘِﯿﻨِﻲّ\"‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻋَ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣْﻤَﻦِ ﺑﻦ ﻋُﻤَﺮ اﻟُﺒْﻠ ِﻘﯿِﻨ ّﻲ‬ ‫‪824‬ھـ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫َﲢ ِﻘﻴﻖ َو ِد َرا َﺳﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮر ﳏﻤﻮد أﲪﺪ اﳊﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫إﴍا ُف ا ُﻷﺳﺘﺎ ِذ اﻟ ﱡﺪﻛ ُﺘﻮر‬ ‫َﻧﺎﻓِﺬ ُﺣﺴﲔ ّﲪﺎد \"ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ\"‬ ‫ُﻗ ﱢﺪ َم ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ُﺚ ا ْﺳﺘِ ْﻜ َﲈ ًﻻ ُﳌﺘَ َﻄ ﱠﻠ َﺒﺎ ِت ا ُﳊ ُﺼﻮ ِل َﻋﲆ در َﺟ ِﺔ اﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﳊﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1433‬ﻫـ ‪2012 -‬م‪.‬‬

$#\" ! Þ ÝÜÛÚ äãâ áàß çæ å (11) ‫ اﻵﻳﺔ‬: ‫اﳌﺠﺎدﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬ ‫إ ﱃ أﻫﲇ‪...‬‬ ‫واﻟﺪ ﱠي اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺣﺎﻃﺎﲏ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﲈ ورﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﲈ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻣﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﻮح ﻋﻄ ًﺮا‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﲥﺎ وﻧﺼﺎﺋﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻄﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ راﺣﺘﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺴ َﲑ؛‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻋﻮرة اﳊﻴﺎة وﻛﺜﺮة ﻣﺼﺎﻋﺒﻬﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫وأﰊ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﺮﻗ ُﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻴﻮم‪...‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻬﲈ اﷲ‪ ،‬ورﲪﻬﲈ ﻛﲈ رﺑﻴﺎﲏ ﺻﻐ ًﲑا‪...‬‬ ‫إﱃ إﺧﻮﰐ أﲪﺪ وﳏﻤﺪ وإﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ وﲪﺰة واﻟﱪاء‬ ‫إﱃ أﺧﻮاﰐ اﻟﺰﻫﻮر دﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ وﻧﻮر وﺳﻨﺪس‬ ‫وﳏﻤﺪ ‪...‬‬ ‫وﻓﺎﺗﻦ وأﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪...‬‬ ‫وإﱃ أﺧﺘﻲ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى أﺳﲈء ‪...‬‬ ‫وإﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺮﻗﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻴﻮم ‪...‬‬ ‫أﻫﺪي ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﳌﺘﻮاﺿﻊ‪...‬‬ ‫أ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﲪﺪ اﷲ واﻟﺜﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﴪـ ﱄ ﻫـﺬا اﻷﻣـﺮ‪ ،‬وأﻋـﺎﻧﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣـﺎ واﺟﻬـﺖ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻨَﺎ ِء َواﳌَ ْﺠ ِﺪ‪...‬‬ ‫أﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﺮي واﻣﺘﻨﺎﲏ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﲔ إﱃ أﺳﺘﺎذي‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﺬ ﺣﺴﲔ ﱠﲪﺎد‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺒﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﴍاف ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ أو ًﻻ‪ ،‬وﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ وإرﺷﺎداﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻃﻴﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ وﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﺆاده‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻬـﺘﲈ ﳍـﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺜ ًﲑا‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﻟِ َﱰى اﻟﻨﱡﻮ َر‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻣﺎ َﻏ ﱠﻄﻰ َ ْﳐ ُﻄﻮ َﻃ َﺘ َﻬﺎ ﻏﺒﺎ ُر اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ‪ ،‬وﻻ َأ ْﻧﺴﻰ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﷲ ﻋ ﱠﲇ وﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻵﻓﺎق أﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺰاه اﷲ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺧﲑ اﳉﺰاء‪ ،‬ورﻓﻊ ﻗـﺪره ﰲ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫واﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪...‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ وأﺷﻜ ُﺮ أﺳﺎﺗﺬﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﺮام أﻋﻀﺎء ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‪/‬ﻧﻌﻴﻢ أﺳﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺪي‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‪/‬ﻋﺪﻧﺎن ﳏﻤﻮد اﻟﻜﺤﻠﻮت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺒﻮﳍﲈ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ أوﻻً‪ ،‬وﳉﻬﺪﳘﺎ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮاﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻜ ُﺮ إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﱠ ْﴫ ِح اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻣ ِﺦ‪ ،‬اﳉﺎﻣﻌ ِﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺠﺒ ِﺖ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠﲈ َء واﳌﺠﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ واﻟﺸﻬﺪاء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺘ ﱡﺰ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻧﺴﺄ ُل اﷲَ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ أن ُﻳﻌ َﲇ ﺷﺄﳖﺎ‪...‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻜﺮ إﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﲏ ﺑﺪاﻳ ًﺔ ﰲ اﳊﺼﻮ ِل ﻋﲆ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط ‪ :‬أﺧﺘـﻲ ﰲ اﷲ وﻻء‪ ،‬وزوﺟﻬـﺎ ﺣﺴـﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪاﲏ ﰲ اﳊﺼﻮ ِل ﻋﲆ أﺳﲈ ِء اﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎ ِت ﻟﻜﻲ أﺧﺘﺎ َر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ واﺣ ًﺪا ﻳﻜﻮ ُن ﻋﻨﻮا ًﻧﺎ ﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪..‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫وﻛﺬا ﺧﺎﱄ ﻧﺎﴏ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﱰح ﻋ ﱠﲇ ﻃﺮ ًﻗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﺟـﺪة وزوﺟﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎم أﺑﻮ ﺟﻴﺎب‪ ،‬اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرا ﱄ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪ ،‬وإﱃ اﻷخ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎم ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ إﱃ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﲨﻌـﺔ اﳌﺎﺟـﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟـﺬي واﻓـﻖ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ اﳌﺨﻄـﻮط ﺑﻨﺴـﺨﺘﻴﻪ ﱄ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎﻋﺪﲏ ﻛﺜ ًﲑا ﰲ اﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎرك اﷲ ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴ ﱢﻴﺪ ﲨﻌﺔ اﳌﺎﺟﺪ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪...‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ وأﺧﺺ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﱄ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﻷﺳﺘﻌ َﲔ ﺑﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ رأس ﻫﺆﻻء ا َﳌ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒﺔ اﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺎﻣﻌـﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺰة‪ ،‬وﻓﺮﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺎن ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ُﺳ َﻠ ْﻴ َﲈن اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻄ ِﺮ ّي اﻟﺘﻲ وﺟﺪت ﲠـﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﱂ أﺟـﺪه ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ اﳌﺘﻘﲔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر َﺳ ْﻠ َﲈن اﻟﺪاﻳﺔ‪...‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ وأﺷﻜﺮ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﳊﺎﻳﻚ ﰲ اﻷردن اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎﻋﺪﲏ ﰲ اﳊﺼـﻮل ﻋـﲆ ﻛﺘـﺎ ٍب ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔـﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻷوﺛﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ‪...‬‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻜﺮ إﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﲏ وﻟﻮ ﺑﺪﻋﻮةٍ ﰲ ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ ُﻛ ُﺜﺮ‪ ،‬وإﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﳚﻮب ﻣﻌﻲ اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺘﻌ َﲔ ﲠﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫ت‬

‫ُﻣ َﻘﺪﱢ َﻣﺔ اﻟﺮﱢﺳَﺎﻟَﺔ‬ ‫ث‬

‫ﺑِ ْﺴ ِﻢ اﷲِ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴ ِﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢﺪ َﻣﺔ‬ ‫ا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِﷲ َﲪ ًﺪا َﻛﺜِ ًﲑا َﻃ ﱢﻴ ًﺒﺎ ُﻣ َﺒﺎ َر ًﻛﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِﷲ اﻟﺬي َﻫ َﺪاﻧﺎ ِﳍﺬا و َﻣﺎ ُﻛﻨﱠﺎ ﻟِ َﻨ ْﻬ َﺘ ِﺪ َي َﻟ ْﻮﻻ أ ْن َﻫ َﺪا َﻧﺎ اﷲُ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ ُة واﻟ ﱠﺴﻼ ُم َﻋ َﲆ اﳌَ ْﺒ ُﻌﻮ ِث رﲪ ًﺔ ﻟﻠ َﻌﺎﳌَﲔ‪ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـ ِﻪ وﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋـﲆ آﻟـ ِﻪ وﺻـﺤﺒِ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ﱢﻴﺒـ َﲔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻫﺮﻳ َﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬﻳﻦ َﺣ ِﻔ ُﻈﻮا ﺳﻨﱠ َﺘﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻌ ِﺪه‪ ،‬وﺑ ﱠﻠ ُﻐﻮ َﻫﺎ و َأ ﱠدوﻫﺎ ﺣ ﱠﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺒﻠﻴـ ِﻎ َواﻷَ َدا ِء ‪َ ،‬و َﻣـ ْﻦ ﺳـﺎ َر َﻋـ َﲆ َد ْر ِﲠِـﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وا ْﻗ َﺘ َﻔﻰ أﺛ َﺮﻫﻢ إﱃ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟ َﺒ ْﻌ ِﺚ اﳌُﺒِ ِﲔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ ‪...‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ِﻋ ْﻠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﴍ ِف اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِم َو َأ ْﻓ َﻀﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َم َﻋ َﲆ ِﺧ ْﺪ َﻣﺘِ ِﻪ َأ َﻛﺎﺑِ ُﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠـ َﲈ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻓـ َﺄ ﱠﻟﻔﻮا و َﺻـ ﱠﻨ ُﻔﻮا‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻜﺎ َن َُﳍ ُﻢ اﻷَﺟ ُﺮ ِﰲ ِﺣ ْﻔ ِﻆ ُﺳﻨﱠ ِﺔ َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ا ِﷲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ َو َﺳـ ﱠﻠ َﻢ َو ِﺧـ ْﺪ َﻣﺘِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻗـ ْﺪ َﻣـ ﱠﻦ ا ُﷲ ﻋـ ﱠﲇ ﺑِ ِﺪ َرا َﺳـﺘِﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺨ ﱡﺼ ِﺺ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺮ ِﻏ ْﺒ ُﺖ ﰲ ُﻣ َﺸﺎ َر َﻛﺘِ ِﻬ ُﻢ اﻷَ ْﺟﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ ِﺧ َﻼ ِل إِ ْﺧ َﺮا ِج ُﻛ ُﺘﺒِﻬﻢ َﻛـ َﲈ َأ َرا ُدوا‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳﺒِ َﻬـﺎ َو َﺗ ْﻴ ِﺴـ ِﲑ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ َﻄ َﻠﺒ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َ َﱰى اﻟ ﱡﻨﻮ َر ﺑﻌ َﺪ َأ ْن َﻃ َﻤ َﺴ َﻬﺎ ُﻏ َﺒﺎ ُر اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟِ َﺬﻟﻚ ُﻛ ﱢﻠﻪ آ َﺛﺮ ُت إِ ْﺧ َﺮا َج ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب \" َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ُﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ\"‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ُﻫﻮ ِﻋ َﺒﺎ ِر ٌة َﻋﻦ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ٍﺔ ﳍﺬا ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻳ َﺼﻨﱠ ُﻒ ِﺿ ْﻤ َﻦ ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﺟﺎ ِل‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﱰا ِﺟﻢ ِﻣ ْﻨﻪ َﺧﺎ ﱠﺻ ًﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ُﻫ َﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﺑﺮ ِز ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨ ِﺔ وأ ﱢﳘﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻋ َﺘﻨَﻰ ﺑِ ِﻪ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء ِﻋﻨَﺎ َﻳ ًﺔ َﺧﺎ ﱠﺻ ًﺔ‪ ،‬إِ ْذ ﺑِ ِﻪ ُ ْﲢ َﻔ ُﻆ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨ ُﺔ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻤﻴﻴ ِﺰ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﻘﻴ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫* َأ َ ﱢﳘﻴ ُﺔ اﳌَ ْﺨ ُﻄﻮ ِط َو َﺑ َﻮا ِﻋ ُﺚ ا ْﺧﺘِ َﻴﺎره‪:‬‬ ‫إ ﱠن \" َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ\" ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ٌب ﻳﺴﺘﺤ ﱡﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﻘﻴ َﻖ َواﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳ َﺔ َﳌِﺎ َﻟﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌُ َﻤ ﱢﻴﺰا ِت‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﺋِ َﺪ اﻟ َﻜﺜِ َﲑة اﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺘ َﻤ ﱠﺜ ُﻞ ﰲ اﻟ ﱢﻨ َﻘﺎ ِط اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﳌُ َ ْﱰ َﺟ ُﻢ َﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﻠ ٌﻢ ﻛﺒ ٌﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﲈ ِء اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻨﺔ ا ُﳊ ﱠﻔﺎظ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﻮﻫﺎ وﺷﻬﺪت ﳍﻢ آﺛﺎرﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي‬ ‫َﺗ َﺘ ْﻠ َﻤ َﺬ ﻋﲆ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ ﻛِ َﺒﺎ ُر ُﻋﻠﲈء اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗﺖ‪َ ،‬أ ْﻣ َﺜﺎل ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻆ اﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻘ َﻼ ِ ّﲏ – رﲪﻪ اﷲ–‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ا ُﳌ َ ْﱰ ِﺟ ُﻢ ﻟﻺﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﺑﻨﻪ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه ﻣﻴﺰ ٌة ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب ﰲ دﻗ ِﺔ ا َﳌ ْﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ِت‪ ،‬و ِﺻ ﱠﺤﺘِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮ ُع اﻟﱰﲨﺔ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘ ُﴫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ ِﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺆ ﱢﻟ ِﻒ؛ ﺑﻞ إﳖﺎ ﺗﻌﺮ ُض ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮوﻳﺎﺗِﻪ‪ ،‬وأﻗﻮاﻟِـﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ِو ُأ ُﺻﻮﻟِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻘﺒﺎﺗِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﲈ‪ ،‬واﳊﺪﻳ ِﺚ وﻋﻠﻮ ِﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﻘﺒﺎﺗِﻪ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌ ِﺾ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﲈ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ َﻼم َﺧ ْ ِﲑ اﻷَ َﻧﺎم‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻐﻨِ ّﻲ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﲆ َﺷﺎ ِر ِﺣ ِﻪ اﺑ ِﻦ َدﻗِﻴﻖ اﻟ ِﻌﻴـﺪ ِﰲ‬ ‫إِ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم َ ْﴍح ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎم‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻘﺒﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ِب ُ ْﲢ َﻔﺔ اﻷَ ْ َﴍا ِف ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـ ِﺔ اﻷَ ْﻃـ َﺮا ِف ﻟِﻠ ِﻤـ ﱢﺰ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻛ َﺬﻟﻚ َر ْأ َﻳﻪ ِﰲ ُأﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑه‪.‬‬ ‫ج‬

‫وﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪ ،‬رأﻳﺖ أن أﺑﺎدر إﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺈﺧﺮاﺟﻪ إﱃ اﻟﻨﻮر ﳏﻘ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪرو ًﺳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺷﺎرك‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣ َﺒ ُﻪ اﻷﺟ َﺮ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻛﺘﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫* أﻫﺪاف اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳞﺪف ﺑﺤﺜﻲ ﻫﺬا إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﲇ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬إﺧﺮاج ﳐﻄﻮط \" َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ\" ﳏﻘ ًﻘﺎ ﻣﺪرو ًﺳﺎ ﻛﲈ أراده ﻣﺆ ﱢﻟ ُﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴ ُﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﻠﺒ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴـﺘﻌﻴﻨﻮا‬ ‫ﺑﺂرا ِء اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬إﺛﺮاء ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﳊﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﱰاﺟﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﳏﻘﻖ ﳜﺪ ُم ﻃﻠﺒ َﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻌـﻮا‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﻮ ﱢﺛﻘﻮا ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﲇ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺗﺒﻌ ُﺖ اﳌﻨﻬ َﺞ اﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻘ َﺮاﺋِ ْﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱡﻨﺼﻮ ِص‪.‬‬ ‫وﲤ ﱠﺜ َﻠ ْﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌ ُﺔ َﻋ َﻤِﲇ اﻟﺬي َﻗ َﺴ ْﻤ ُﺘ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ِﲔ‪ ،‬اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻨ َﻬ ُﺞ َ ْﲢ ِﻘﻴ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ﱢﺺ‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﲏ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻨ َﻬ ُﺞ ِﺧ ْﺪ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ ﱢﺺ‪َ ،‬و َذﻟِﻚ َﺣ ْﺴ َﺐ َﻣﺎ ا ْﻗ َﺘ َﻀ ْﺘﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﻨﱢﻘﺎ ِط اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪َ :‬ﻣﻨْ َﻬ ُﺞ َ ْﲢ ِﻘﻴ ِﻖ اﻟﻨﱠ ﱢﺺ ‪:‬‬ ‫َأ ﱠوﻻً ‪ :‬اﻋﺘﻤﺪ ُت ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﻮرة ُﻧﺴﺨﺔ َدار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﳌِ ْﴫ ﱠﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬وا ُﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 65‬ورﻗﺔ؛ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻮﺿﻮﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ورﻣﺰت ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ \"أ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ‪ :‬اﻋﺘﱪ ُت ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﻮرة ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﴩاق ﺑﺮوﺳﻴﺎ ﻧﺴـﺨ ًﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴـ ًﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘـﺎب‪ ،‬واﳌﻜﻮﻧـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ‪ 79‬ورﻗـﺔ؛‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺪم وﺿﻮﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ورﻣﺰت ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ \"ب\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻓﻬﺎرس اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓﻬﺎرس ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺎت اﳌﻜﺘﺒـﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺮس ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺎت اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻬﺮس ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺎت دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﴫﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻬﺮس اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻷزﻫﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻬﺮس ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺎت ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻷوﻗﺎف اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ اﳌﻮﺻﻞ‪ ،‬وﻓﻬـﺮس اﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃـﺎت ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻚﻓﻴﺼﻞﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮثواﻟﺪراﺳﺎتاﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬واﻟﻔﻬﺮساﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞﻟﻠﱰاثاﻟﻌﺮﰊ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ اﳌﺨﻄـﻮط‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ آل اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﰲ اﳌﺠﻤﻊ اﳌﻠﻜﻲ اﻷردﲏ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﲥﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﳌﺼﺎدر واﳌﺮاﺟﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺛﺎﻟ ًﺜﺎ ‪ :‬ﱂ أﺗﻌﺮ ْض ﻟﻠﻨ ﱢﺺ ﺑِ َﺘﻌﺪﻳ ِﻞ ﳾ ٍء ﻓﻴﻪ َأ ْو َﺗ ْﻐﻴ ٍﲑ‪ ،‬إﻻ ﰲ أﺿﻴ ِﻖ ا ُﳊ ُﺪو ِد‪َ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﳉـﺰم ﺑـﺎﻷﻣ ِﺮ ا ُﳌ َﻐـ ﱠﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫وا َﳋ َﻄﺄ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﳚﻮز إﺑﻘﺎؤه‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ َﳋ َﻄﺄ ﰲ اﻵﻳﺎ ِت اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮآﻧِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳ ِﻒ ﰲ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺒـ ِﻮ ﱢي اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩـﻳ ِﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ح‬

‫َو َﺑ َﻴﺎن ﻏﲑ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﺧ َﻄﺎ ِء ﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َذﻟِﻚ ﻷ ﱠن اﻟ َﻐ َﺮ َض ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺤﻘﻴ ِﻖ إِ ْﺧ َﺮا ُج اﻟ ﱠﻨ ﱢﺺ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﻗـﺮ ِب‬ ‫ُﺻﻮرةٍ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ ِﻞ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟ ِﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫راﺑ ًﻌﺎ ‪ :‬ﱂ ُأ ِﺿﻒ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ َﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ُﺗ ِﺮ َك اﳌَ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ ﺑﻴﺎ ًﺿﺎ ﻻ َﻛ َﻼ َم ﻓِﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣ ًﺴﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺰﻣ ُﺖ ﻗﻮاﻋ َﺪ اﻹﻣﻼ ِء ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳﺜ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وإن َﺧﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ِﺖ اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎد ًﺳﺎ ‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄ ﱡﺖ ﻣﺎ َ ْﳛ َﺘﺎ ُج إﱃ َﺿﺒ ٍﻂ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﺳﲈ ِء واﻷ ْﻧ َﺴﺎ ِب َواﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ َﺪان وا ُﳌ ُﺘﻮ ِن اﳌَ ْﺮ ِو ﱠﻳـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈن ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻨﺴـﺨ ُﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺰﻣ ْﺖ َﺿ ْﺒ ًﻄﺎ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻦ َأ ِﺣﻴ َﺪ َﻋﻨْﻪ إﻻ ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ا َﳉ ْﺰ ِم ﺑِ َﺨ َﻄﺌِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ا ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َرةِ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻨ َﻬ ُﺞ ِﺧ ْﺪ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ﱢﺺ ‪:‬‬ ‫أوﻻً ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠ َﱰا ِﺟ ُﻢ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﲨ ُﺖ ﳌﻦ وﻗﻔ ُﺖ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺘِﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻼ ِم اﳌـﺬﻛﻮرﻳ َﻦ ﰲ اﳌﺨﻄـﻮ ِط ﺑـﺬﻛ ِﺮ َأ ْﺳـ َﲈﺋِ ِﻬﻢ و َأ ْﻧ َﺴـﺎ ِ ِﲠﻢ‬ ‫َو ِﺳﻨِ ﱢﻲ وﻓﻴﺎ ِﲥِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘُﻪ‪َ ،‬و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱡﺮواة‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ُ ْﳐﺘَ َﻠ ًﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺳـﻌ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ ﻛﺎ َن ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ًرا ﺟﺪا ﻓﻠﻢ ُأ َﺗ ْﺮ ِﺟ ْﻢ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒ ِﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺎﺑ ِﺔ ﻓﻠ ْﻢ ُأ َﺗـ ْﺮ ِﺟ ْﻢ ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﺸـ ُﻬﻮ ِرﻳ َﻦ ِﻣـ ْﻨ ُﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ َﻏ ْﲑ ا َﳌ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮ ِرﻳ َﻦ ﻓﱰﲨ ُﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺑِ َ ْﱰ َ َﲨ ٍﺔ ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َﴫة‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﰲ أو ِل ﻣﻮﺿ ٍﻊ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أو اﻟﺮاوي‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺨ ِﺮﻳ ُﺞ ‪ :‬إن ﻛﺎ َن اﳊﺪﻳ ُﺚ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ اﻛﺘﻔﻴ ُﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺰ ِو إﻟﻴﻬﲈ‪ ،‬إن ﻛﺎن اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ ُﻆ ﻣﻄﺎﺑ ًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑ ًﻘﺎ أﴍ ُت إﱃ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ ِﻆ ا ُﳌ َﻄﺎﺑِ ِﻖ‪ ،‬وﱂ َأ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺳ ْﻊ إﻻ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻣﻦ وراء ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺨ ِﺮﻳﺞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﺎﻗِﻲ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱢﺴ ﱠﺘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻏﲑﻫﺎ إ ِن ا ْﺳ َﺘ ْﺪ َﻋﻰ اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ َ ْﲣ ِﺮﻳ ِﺞ اﻷَ ْﺧ َﺒﺎ ِر َواﻟ َﻘ َﺼـ ِﺺ‬ ‫واﻷَ ْﺷ َﻌﺎ ِر ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﺰو ُ َﲥﺎ إﱃ ﻣﺼﺎدِ ِر َﻫﺎ اﻷَ ْﺻﻠِ ﱠﻴﺔ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻴ ﱠ َﴪ ﱄ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ ‪ :‬ا ُﳊ ْﻜ ُﻢ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷَﺣﺎدِﻳ ِﺚ ‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻤ ُﺖ ﺑﺎ ُﳊ ْﻜ ِﻢ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷَﺣﺎدِﻳﺚ َﺣ ْﺴ َﺐ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل ا َﳉ ْﺮ ِح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌـ ِﺪﻳ ِﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺄﻧِ َﺴـﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻗ َﻮا ِل اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠﲈ ِء اﻟ ُﻘ َﺪا َﻣﻰ َواﳌُ ْﺤ َﺪﺛِﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َأ ْﻣ َﻜﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫راﺑﻌ ًﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺘ ُﻦ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨ ُﺖ َﻏ ِﺮﻳ َﺐ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ إذا َﻛﺎ َن ُﻫﻨﺎك َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ﰲ ﻣـﺘ ِﻦ اﳊـﺪﻳ ِﺚ ﻣـﺎ أﻣﻜـﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ُﻛ ُﺘـ ِﺐ‬ ‫َﻏ ِﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ واﳌﻌﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻋ ﱠﺮﻓ ُﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ُﺒﻠﺪان‪ ،‬واﻷﺳﲈء اﳌُﻠﺒﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣ ًﺴﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ُﻞ اﳌﺨﻄﻮ ِط ‪ :‬اﺧﺘﴫ ُت ﰲ ِد َرا َﺳ ِﺔ ا َﳌ َﺴﺎﺋِ َﻞ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻬ ﱠﻴﺔ وﻏﲑﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎوﳍﺎ اﳌﺨﻄﻮط‪ ،‬و َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﺳـ ْﻌ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ دراﺳﺔ اﳌَ َﺴﺎﺋِﻞ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳﺜ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ َﺣ ْﺴ َﺐ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺘﻀﺎه اﳌﻘﺎ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎد ًﺳﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﺛِﻴ ُﻖ ‪َ :‬ذ َﻛ ْﺮ ُت اﻟﻜِﺘﺎ َب واﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟ َﻒ َوا ُﳉـ ْﺰ َء َواﻟ ﱠﺼـ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ ﰲ ا َﳍـﺎ ِﻣ ِﺶ‪ ،‬ﺛـﻢ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺼـﻴﻠ ﱠﻴﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس ا َﳌ َﺼﺎِ ِد ِر َواﳌَ َﺮا ِﺟﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑ ًﻌﺎ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴ ُﺐ اﳌَ َﺼﺎدِ ِر َوا َﳌ َﺮا ِﺟ ِﻊ ﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳﺔ ‪ :‬إِ َن َﻛﺎ َن اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ُﻜﺘ ِﺐ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ ر ﱢﺗﺒ ُﺘﻬﺎ َﺣ ْﺴـ َﺐ اﻟ ﱢﺼـ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ إن ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻳﺘﻌﻠ ُﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺎد ِر واﳌﺮاﺟ ِﻊ اﻷﺧﺮى ر ﱢﺗﺒ ُﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨ ﱢﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎةِ ﻗﺪ َر اﻹﻣﻜﺎ ِن‪.‬‬ ‫خ‬

‫* اﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳﺎ ُت اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺑِ َﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺒﺤ ِﺚ ﱂ أﻗ ْﻒ ﻋﲆ دراﺳ ٍﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴ ٍﺔ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘ ﱠﻠ ٍﺔ ﺗﺘﻨـﺎو ُل اﻹﻣـﺎ َم اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﻬـﻮده‪ ،‬ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﺧﺎﻣ ًﺴﺎ ‪ُ :‬ﺧ ﱠﻄ ُﺔ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘ ُﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤﺚ ﰲ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢﺪﻣ ٍﺔ و َﺛﻼﺛ ِﺔ ُﻓ ُﺼﻮ ٍل َو َﺧﺎ ِﲤَﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا ُﳌ َﻘ ﱢﺪ َﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﺸﺘﻤ ُﻞ ﻋﲆ أﳘﻴ ِﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮ ِع‪َ ،‬و َﺑﻮاﻋﺚ ا ْﺧﺘِﻴﺎ ِره‪ ،‬وأﻫﺪاف اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ‪ ،‬واﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ِ ْﴎ ُت ﰲ ِﺧ ْﺪ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ ﱢﺺ َو ْﻓ َﻖ ا ُﳋ ﱠﻄ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺎﻟِ َﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ َﻗ َﺴ ْﻤ ُﺘ َﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤﲔ ‪ :‬ﻗِ ْﺴـ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳـﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺴـﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻵﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ِ :‬ﻗ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ُﻞ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ِ :‬د َرا َﺳ ُﺔ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ ) َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ(‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﺎن ‪:‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﴫ ا ُﳌﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎن ‪:‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ :‬ا َﳊﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺴ َﻴﺎ ِﺳ ﱠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪ :‬ا َﳊﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ﱠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ُﺔ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ‪:‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ :‬ا ْﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ َو َﻧ َﺴ ُﺒ ُﻪ َو َﻣ ْﻮﻟِ ُﺪ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻧ ْﺸ َﺄ ُﺗ ُﻪ َو َﻃ َﻠ ُﺒ ُﻪ ﻟِﻠ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ َورﺣﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟِﺚ ‪ُ :‬ﺷ ُﻴﻮ ُﺧ ُﻪ ُو َﺗﻼ ِﻣﻴ ُﺬ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﺑِﻊ ‪َ :‬ﻣ َﻜﺎ َﻧ ُﺘ ُﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ﱠﻴﺔ َو ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﻨ َﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ ا َﳋﺎ ِﻣﺲ ‪َ :‬ﺛ َﻨﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء َﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﻼ ُﻣ ُﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎدِس ‪ :‬و َﻓﺎ ُﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎ ِب َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﺎن ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻮﺛِﻴ ٌﻖ َوﻧِ ْﺴ َﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪ُ :‬ﻧ ْﺴ َﺨ َﺘﺎ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب ا َﳋ ﱢﻄﻴﺘﺎن َو ْﺻ ٌﻒ َو َﻣﻨْ َﻬ ٌﺞ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎن ‪:‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪َ :‬و ْﺻ ُﻒ اﻟﻨُ ْﺴ َﺨ َﺘﲔ اﳋﻄﻴﺘﲔ ﻟﻠﻜِ َﺘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻣﻨْ َﻬ ُﺞ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ ﰲ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ِب‪.‬‬ ‫د‬

‫اﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱠﺺ ا ُﳌ َﺤ ﱠﻘ ُﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫* اﳋﺎﲤ ُﺔ ‪ :‬وﺗﻀﻤﻨ ْﺖ َأ َﻫﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﺻﻴﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫* اﻟ َﻔ َﻬﺎ ِرس ‪:‬‬ ‫و َﺗ َﻀ ﱠﻤ َﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﲇ ‪:‬‬ ‫أوﻻً ‪ :‬ﻓِ ْﻬ َﺮ ُس اﻵﻳﺎ ِت‪ ،‬وﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ورودﻫﺎ ﰲ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﻓِ ْﻬ َﺮ ُس اﻷَ َﺣﺎدﻳ ِﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ ‪ :‬ﻓِ ْﻬ َﺮ ُس ا َﳌﻮ ُﺿﻮﻋﺎ ِت‪.‬‬ ‫راﺑ ًﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻋﻼم اﳌﱰﺟﻢ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ذ‬

‫ُْ َﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘِﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫دِرَا َﺳ ُﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤُﺆَﻟﱢﻒِ َوﻛَِﺘﺎﺑِﮫ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ا َﻷوﱠ ُل‬ ‫ِد َرا َﺳ ُﺔ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﻟ ِﻒ‬ ‫)اﺑﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ(‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫اﳌَ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﴫ ا ُﳌﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ‬ ‫إ ﱠن ﻟﻠ َﺤﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺴ َﻴﺎ ِﺳ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻬﺎ اﳌﺮ ُء دو ٌر ﻛﺒ ٌﲑ ِﰲ ﺗﺄﺛ ِﲑﻫﺎ َﻋـ َﲆ ﺷﺨﺼـﻴﺘﻪ وﺻـﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺬا اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﺬا ﻋﻨﺪ دراﺳ ِﺔ ﺟﻬﻮ ِد أ ﱢي َﻋﺎ ِﱂٍ ُﺗ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ َﺮ ُض اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻮا ُل اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺷﻬﺎ ﻟﺒﻴﺎن ﻣﺪى ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وإﲏ ﺳﺄﺳﺘﻌﺮ ُض اﻷﺣﻮا َل اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋﺎ َﺷ َﻬﺎ َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﲪﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﻣـ ْﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳـ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱢﺼـ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺜـﺎ ِﲏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﻣ ِﻦ ا ِﳍ ْﺠ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬إِ َﱃ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟِـ ِﺚ ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟ َﻘـ ْﺮ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺘﺎ ِﺳـ ِﻊ اﳍﺠـﺮي‪ ،‬أي ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺎم ‪763‬ﻫــ إِ َﱃ ﻋـﺎم‬ ‫‪824‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮ ِف َﻋ َﲆ َأ َﻫ ﱢﻢ اﻷﺣﺪا ِث اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋﺎ َﺷ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮ ِف َﻋ َﲆ َأ َﻫ ﱢﻢ اﻟ َﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ َأ ﱠﺛ َﺮ ْت ِﰲ ﺷﺨﺼ ﱠﻴﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ‬ ‫َﻏ َﺪا ﻋﺎﳌًﺎ َذا َع ِﺻﻴ ُﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْر َﺟﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و َذﻟِﻚ دون ﺗﻔﺼﻴ ٍﻞ أو إﻃﺎﻟ ٍﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ :‬ا َﳊﺎﻟَ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺴ َﻴﺎ ِﺳﻴﱠﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎ َش َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﻋ ِﴫ َد ْو َﻟ ِﺔ اﳌ َﲈﻟﻴﻚ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ َﻏ َﻠ َﺐ َﻋ َﻠﻴﻬـﺎ َﻃـﺎﺑِ ُﻊ اﻻﻧﻘﺴـﺎ ِم واﻟ ﱠﺘﻔـﺮ ِق إِ َﱃ‬ ‫ُد َو ْﻳ َﻼ ٍت‪ ،‬و َﺗ َﻨﺎ ُز ٍع َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺗ َﻨ ﱡﻘ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠ َﻄ َﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ َﻣﻠِ ٍﻚ ﻵ َﺧ ٍﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ُوﻟِ َﺪ َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ِء ِﺧﻼ َﻓ ِﺔ اﳌَﻠِ ِﻚ ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺘ ِﻀ ِﺪ ﺑﺎ ِﷲ‪َ ،‬ﺻﻼح اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺻﺎﻟِﺢ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ وﻻدة َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َﻋ ِﻬ َﺪ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َو َﻓﺎﺗِ ِﻪ ﺑﺎ ِﳋ َﻼ َﻓﺔ ﻟﻮﻟـﺪه ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ َﻓ َﺒﺎ َﻳ َﻌـﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ُن َو َﺗ َﻠ ﱠﻘ َﺐ ﺑﺎ ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﻛ َﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ِﷲ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ِﺧ َﻼ َﻓﺘِ ِﻪ ُﻋ ِﺰ َل اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ُن اﳌَﻠِ ُﻚ ا َﳌﻨْ ُﺼﻮر ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪764‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َو ِ َﱄ اﳌﻠ ُﻚ اﻷَ ْ َﴍ ُف َأﺑﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ زﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳎﺪ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ِﴏ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻼوون‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻗﺘﻞ اﳌﻠﻚ اﻷﴍف َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪778‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺟﺪﻳ ٌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛ ِﺮ أ ﱠن اﳌَﻠِ َﻚ اﻷَ ْ َﴍ َف َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ َأ َﺟ ﱢﻞ اﳌُ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﻗ ْﺪ ًرا‪ ،‬ﱂ ُﻳ َﺮ ِﰲ اﳌُ ُﻠﻮ ِك َأ ْﺣ َﻠ َﻢ ِﻣ ْﻨﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻫ ﱢﻴﻨًﺎ ﻟﻴ ًﻨﺎ‬ ‫ُﳏﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠ َﲈء واﻟﺼﻠﺤﺎء ُﳏﺴﻨًﺎ ﻷﻗﺎرﺑﻪ وﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﻼف ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣـﺪ ُة ﺳـﻠﻄﻨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟـﺪﻳﺎ ِر‬ ‫اﳌﴫﻳ ِﺔ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﴩ َﺳ َﻨﺔ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻧﻨﻮه ﻫﻨﺎ إِ َﱃ أ ﱠن اﻷﻣ َﲑ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق ﻟﻌ َﺐ دو ًرا ﺑﺎر ًزا ِﰲ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﳌﺆاﻣﺮ ٍة ﻋﺼﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ِن اﻷﴍ ِف‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ‬ ‫ُﻗ ﱢﺪ َر ﻟﺪوﻟ ِﺔ ا َﳌ َﲈﻟِﻴ ِﻚ اﻷوﱃ أن ﺗﻨﺘﻬ َﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻮا ِﻫ َﺮ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ َﻳﺎس‪) ،‬ص‪.(222‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ ﻣﴫ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﴫﻳﻦ اﻷﻳﻮﰊ واﳌﻤﻠﻮﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﺳﺎﱂ‪) ،‬ص‪.(286‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫َو َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ اﺑﻨﻪ اﳌﻠﻚ ا َﳌﻨْ ُﺼﻮر َﻋ َﻼء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻋـﲇ‪ ،‬وﻋﻤـﺮه ﺳـﺒﻊ ﺳـﻨﲔ و َأ ْﺷـ ُﻬﺮ و ُﺗـ ُﻮ ﱢﰲ َﺳـﻨَﺔ ‪783‬ﻫــ‪ ،‬وﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﴩة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه‪.‬‬ ‫َو َو ِ َﱄ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪه َأ ُﺧﻮه ا َﳌﻠِ ُﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎﻟِﺢ َز ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ِﻣﲑ َﺣﺎ ﱢﺟﻲ َو ُﻫـ َﻮ آﺧـﺮ ﺑﻨـﻲ َﻗـ َﻼ ُوون ﺧﻠﻌـﻪ اﻷَ َﺗـﺎﺑِﻜِ ّﻲ‬ ‫َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎ ٍق ﻣﻊ ا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔﺔ اﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ واﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة وﺷﻴﺦ اﻹﺳﻼم اﻟﴪاج اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪784‬ﻫـ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫َو َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﻨَﺔ اﻷَ َﺗﺎﺑِﻜِ ﱡﻲ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق‪َ ،‬و ُﻟ ﱢﻘ َﺐ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻈـﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺳـ ْﻴ ِﻒ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳـ ِﻌﻴﺪ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﺘ ْﻮﻟِ َﻴﺘِـﻪ اﻧﺘﻬـﻰ َﻋ ْ ُﴫـ‬ ‫اﳌَ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ)‪ ،(2‬أو اﳌَ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ اﻟ ﱡ ْﱰك‪ ،‬وزاﻟﺖ دوﻟ ُﺔ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻗﻼون‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ َأ ْن ﻟﺒﺜﺖ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﻨَﺔ ِﰲ َﻗ َﻼ ُوون وذرﻳﺘـﻪ ﻣـﺪة‬ ‫َﻣﺎﺋﺔ َﺳ َﻨﺔ وﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات‪ ،‬وﺑﺪأ ﻋﴫ ا َﳌ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ اﳉﺮاﻛﺴﺔ)‪ ،(3‬ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﻷﻣﲑ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫أ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻣ ْﺒ َﺪ ُأ ا ُﳊ ْﻜ ِﻢ اﻟ ِﻮ َراﺛِ ّﻲ َ َﲡ ﱠﺴ َﺪ ﺑِ ُﻮ ُﺿﻮ ٍح ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن ا َﳌﻨْ ُﺼﻮر ﻗﻼوون‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻧﺠﺪ ﻟﻪ أﺛـ ًﺮا ِﰲ دوﻟـﺔ‬ ‫اﳌَ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ اﳉﺮاﻛﺴﺔ‪ ،‬وإن َﻛﺎ َن َذﻟِﻚ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻟﻌﺪة َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻗ ٍﺖ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﻳ ْﻨ َﺠِ َﲇ ا َﳌ ْﻮ ِﻗ ُﻒ َﺑ ْ َﲔ ﻛِ َﺒﺎ ِر اﻷُ َﻣ َﺮا ِء)‪.(4‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ َﺳ ْﻠ َﻄﻨَﺔ ﺑﺮﻗﻮق ﻗﺒﺾ َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔﺔ اﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪785‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﺧﻠﻌﻪ وﺳﺠﻨﻪ وﺑﺎﻳﻊ ا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔﺔ اﻟﻮاﺛﻖ ﺑِﺎ ِﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪788‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻳﻊ أﺧﺎه زﻛﺮﻳﺎ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ وﻋﺰﻟﻪ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪791‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻋﺎد ا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔﺔ اﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻟﺒﺚ ِﰲ اﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻣﻘﻴ ًﺪا ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟِﻚ ﺑﺸﻬﺮ َﺧ َﻠ َﻊ اﻷُ َﻣﺮا ُء اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق ِﰲ َﲨﺎدى اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻋﻴﺪ اﳌﻠـﻚ اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺢ أﻣـﲑ ﺣـﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ﺑﻨﻲ َﻗ َﻼ ُوون ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻟ ﱠﻘ ُﺒﻮه ﺑِﺎ َﳌﻨْ ُﺼﻮر‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺑِ ْﻀ َﻌ ِﺔ ُﺷ ُﻬﻮ ٍر ُﻋ ِﺰ َل ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ِﰲ َﺻ َﻔﺮ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪792‬ﻫـ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ِﻘ َﻲ َ ْﳏ ُﺠﻮ ًزا ِﰲ‬ ‫َدا ِر ا َﳊ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ إِ َﱃ أن َﻣﺎ َت َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪814‬ﻫـ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ َء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(50/4) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ َك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(476/2/3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠـﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫـ َﺮة‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(168/11) ،‬و َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْو َﻟﺔ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺜ َﲈﻧ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﳌ َﺤ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑِﻚ‪) ،‬ص‪.(89‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻢ ا َﳌ َﲈ ِﻟﻴﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺳﻜﻨﻬﻢ اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﺠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﻳﻮب ﺑﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﺮوﺿﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺳـ ﱢﻤ َﻴﺖ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻠ َﻌـﺔ اﻟ َﺒﺤـ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﻠﻌـﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﺰﻳﺮة‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪638‬ﻫـ؛ وﻟﺬا ُﺳ ﱡﻤﻮا ﺑﺎﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪ ،(183/2) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(371/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻢ ا َﳌ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﻛﺜ َﺮ ا َﳌﻨْ ُﺼﻮر َﻗﻼوون ﻣﻦ ِ َﴍاﺋِ ِﻬﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻠ ُﻬﻢ ِﰲ أﺑﺮا ِج اﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ َﻌﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺳـ ﱠﲈ ُﻫﻢ اﻟ ُ ْﱪ ِﺟ ﱠﻴـﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻌ ِﺮ ُﻓـﻮا ﺑـﲔ اﻷﻣـﺮا ِء‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ِﻮ َي َأ ْﻣ َﺮ ُﻫﻢ‪ ،‬و ُﺳ ﱡﻤﻮا ﺑﺎ َﳉﺮاﻛﺴﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ُﻳ َﻘﺎل َأ ﱠﳖﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻧ ْﺴ ِﻞ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ا َﻷ ْ َﳞـﻢ اﻟـﺬي َﺗﻨَ ﱠ َﴫـ ﺑِ َﺴـ َﺒ ِﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎ ِﻣـ ِﻪ ِﻟﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴـ ِﻪ ِﻋ ْﻨـ ِﺪ َﻣﺎ ُﺟـ ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻛِ َﺴﺎ ُؤ ُه‪ُ ،‬ﻓ ُﺴ ﱢﻤﻲ َﻧ ْﺴ ُﻠ ُﻪ ا َﳉ َﺮا ِﻛ َﺴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎرﻳ َﺦ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻮردي‪ ،(79/1) ،‬وا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪ ،(241/2) ،‬واﻟﺴـﻠﻮ َك ﻟـﻪ‪ ،(747/3/2) ،‬و َﺑـ َﺪاﺋِ َﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺰ ُﻫﻮر‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ َﻳﺎس‪.(315 ،314 ،313/2/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺑ َﺪاﺋِ َﻊ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ُﻫﻮر‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ َﻳﺎس‪.(312/2/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻮا ِﻫ َﺮ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ َﻳﺎس‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(245‬واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(262/11) ،‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫و ِﰲ َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻵ ِو َﻧﺔ َﺗ َﺴ ْﻠ َﻄ َﻦ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق َﻋ َﲆ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ رﲨﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎرة َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﺧـﺮج ﻣـﻦ ِد َﻣ ْﺸـﻖ ﻫﺎر ًﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﲔ اﳌَ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ َو َﺑ ْﻌﺾ َﺳ َﻮﻗﺔ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫َو َﻋﺎ َد اﳌَﻠِ ُﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق َو َد َﺧ َﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪792‬ﻫـ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ِﻘ َﻲ ِﰲ َدا ِر اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﻨَﺔ إِ َﱃ أن َﻣﺎ َت ِﰲ ﻓِ َﺮا ِﺷـ ِﻪ‬ ‫َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪801‬ﻫـ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫َو َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪه ا ْﺑ ُﻨ ُﻪ ا َﳌﻠِ ُﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ُﴏ َز ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻌﺎ َدات َﻓ َﺮج)‪َ ،(3‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑ َﺄ ْﻓ َﻌﺎل َﺷﻨِﻴ َﻌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ ُ ْﴍ ٍب‬ ‫ﻟﻠ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و َذ ْﺑ ٍﺢ ﻟِﻠ َﻤ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﰲ ُﻣ ﱠﺪﺗِ ِﻪ َو َﺻ َﻞ َﺗ ْﻴ ُﻤﻮر َﻟ ْﻨﻚ)‪ (4‬إِ َﱃ ﺑِ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم َو َﻓ َﺘ َﺢ َﺣ َﻠ َﺐ َودِ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪َ ،‬وا ْر َﺗ َﻜ َﺐ ﻓِﻴ ِﻬ َﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ َو َﻋ ْﺴ َﻜ ُﺮه اﳌَ ُﻐﻮل‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َﻻ ُﻳﻮ َﺻ ُﻒ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻧ َﻮا ِع اﳌَ َﻈﺎ ِﱂ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻧ َﺘ َ َﴫ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺜ َﲈ ّﲏ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﺮاد‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺣ َﺼ َﻞ ِﺧ َﻼ ٌف َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ِن‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ِﴏ َو َﺑ ْﻌﺾ ُأ َﻣ َﺮاﺋِﻪ َﻓﺎ ْﺧ َﺘ َﻔﻰ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪808‬ﻫـ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫َو َو ِ َﱄ َأ ُﺧﻮهاﳌَﻠِ ُﻚا َﳌ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮر ِﻋ ﱡﺰاﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ُﺑﻮاﻟ ِﻌ ﱡﺰ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳﺰ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪808‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻇﻬﺮ أﺧﻮه اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ُﴏ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻮﱃ َﻋ َﲆ ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ َرةِ َﻣﺮ ًة أﺧﺮى‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ِﺧﻴﻪ اﳌَﻨْ ُﺼﻮر ِﻋ ﱢﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َﺠ َﻨﻪ ِﰲ اﳊﺮﻳﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ اﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َذﻟِﻚ ُﺗ ُﻮ َﰲ ا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔ ُﺔ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ اﳌُ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﻛ ُﻞ ﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺘ ِﻀﺪ ﺑِﺎ ِﷲ ِﰲ َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟ ﱠﺴـﻨَﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﺑﻮﻳِـ َﻊ َﺑ ْﻌـ َﺪه ﺑِ ْﻜـ ُﺮ َأ ْو َﻻده َأ ُﺑـﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎس َو َﺗ َﻠ ﱠﻘ َﺐ ا ُﳌ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻌﲔ ﺑِﺎ ِﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪815‬ﻫـ َﻋ َﴢ اﻷُ َﻣ َﺮا ُء َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳌﻠِ ِﻚ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏ ﺑِـﺒِ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎم ﺑِ َﺰ َﻋﺎ َﻣـ ِﺔ اﻷَ ِﻣـ ِﲑ ﻧـﻮروز ا َﳊـﺎﻓِﻈ ّﻲ)‪،(6‬‬ ‫واﻷَ ِﻣ ِﲑ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ اﳌَ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد ّي)‪َ ،(7‬ﻓ َﺴﺎ َر اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ُﴏ ﳌﺤﺎ َر َﺑﺘِ ِﻬﻢ َﻓﺎ ْﻧ َﺘ َ ُﴫوا َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﰲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﺮم َو َﺳ َﺠ ُﻨﻮه ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺘ ُﻠﻮه ﺑِ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ ،‬وﻟﻌﺪم‬ ‫وﻟﻌﺪم اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻬﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﲔ ﺧﻠ ًﻔﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﺗﻔﻘﻮا َﺣ ْﺴ ًﲈ ﻟﻠ ﱢﻨـﺰا ِع َﻋـ َﲆ َﺗ ْﻌﻴـ ِﲔ ا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔـﺔ اﳌُ ْﺴـ َﺘ ِﻌﲔ ﺑِـﺎﷲِ ُﺳـ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ًﻧﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻮا ِﻫ َﺮ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ إِ َﻳﺎس‪) ،‬ص‪.(251 ،250‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ )ص‪ ،(256‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(318/11) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(89/7) ،‬واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(131/12) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣـﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(168/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ َﲤ ِْﺮ‪َ ،‬و ِﻗﻴ َﻞ َﺗ ْﻴ ُﻤﻮر ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ ﳚﻮز‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ أﻳﺘﻤﺶ ﻗﻨﻠﻎ ﺑﻦ زﻧﻜﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﻴﺒﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎرم ﻃﺮا ﺑﻦ ﻃﻐﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻠﻴﺞ ﺳﻨﻘﻮز ﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﺠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻃﻐﺮ ﺳﺒﻮﻗﺎ ﺑﻦ أﻟﺘﺎﺧﺎن‪ ،‬ﺗﻮ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪708‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(103/4) ،‬واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،(201/12) ،‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ (189/7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(272/12) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(204/10) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (7‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﴫ ‪َ -‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪َ :‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﴬ‪ ،-‬ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد ّي‪ ،‬اﳉﺮﻛﴘ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪823‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺼ ِﲑ اﳌﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(1422/4) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴـ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(308/3) ،‬وﻣـﻮر َد‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻄﺎﻓﺔ ِﰲ ﻣﻦ وﱄ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠ َﻄ َﻨﺔ وا ِﳋ َﻼ َﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(136/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫َﻓ َﺠ َﻤ َﻊ َﺑ ْ َﲔ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻨِ ﱠﻴﺔ واﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧ َﻴ ِﻮ ﱠﻳﺔ ِﰲ َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑِ ْ ْﴩ َط َأ ْن َﻳﻜﻮ َن اﻷَ ِﻣ ُﲑ ﻧﻮروز َﻧﺎﺋ ًﺒﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﲨﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِـ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫واﻷَ ِﻣ ُﲑ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد ّي ﻧﺎﺋ ًﺒﺎ ﺑﻤﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ َﻳﻠﺒ ْﺚ اﻷَ ِﻣ ُﲑ َﺷﻴْﺦ َأ ْن َﻃ ِﻤ َﻊ ِﰲ ا ُﳌ ْﻠﻚ َﻓ َﻌ َﺰ َل ا ُﳌ ْﺴﺘَ ِﻌ َﲔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠﻄَ َﻨﺔ وأﺑﻘﺎه ِﰲ ا ِﳋ َﻼ َﻓﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻛـ َﲈ َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ اﻷَ ِﻣ ُﲑ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠﻄَ َﻨﺔ ِﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻠ ﱠﻘ َﺐ ﺑﺎﳌُ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﴫ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ َﳑَﺎﻟِﻴﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُﻋ ِﺰ َل اﳌُ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻌ ُﲔ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ِﳋ َﻼ َﻓﺔ وأرﺳﻠﻪ إِ َﱃ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻜﻨْ َﺪ ِر ﱠﻳﺔ َﻓ َﺄ َﻗﺎ َم ﲠﺎ إِ َﱃ أن ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪833‬ﻫــ‪ ،‬و َﳌـﺎ ﻋـﺰل‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﻌﺪه أﺧﻮه داود َو ُﻟ ﱢﻘ َﺐ اﳌَ ْﻌ َﺘ ِﻀ ُﺪ ﺑِﺎﷲِ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا وﳌَﺎ ا ْﺳ َﺘ َﺒ ﱠﺪ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ ﺑ ُﻤ ْﻠ ِﻚ ِﻣ ْ َﴫ َﻋ َﺼﺎه اﻷﻣﲑ ﻧﻮروز َﻧﺎﺋِ ُﺐ ﺑِ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم ﻓﺤﺎرﲠﺎ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ وﻗـﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫وﻗﺘﻠﻪ وﺑ َﺬﻟِﻚ ﺻﺎر ﻟﻪ ُﻣ ْﻠﻚ ِﻣ ْ َﴫ واﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم َﻣ ًﻌﺎ َﻛ َﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ﻟ ُﺴ َﻠ َﻔﺎﺋِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪823‬ﻫـ‪َ ،‬و ُدﻓِ َﻦ ﺑِ َﺠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻌﻪ اﻟﺬي َأ ْﻧ َﺸ َﺄه َدا ِﺧ َﻞ َﺑﺎ ِب ُز َو ْﻳ َﻠﺔ)‪َ ،(1‬و َو ِ َﱄ اﺑﻨﻪ اﳌﻠﻚ اﳌﻈﻔﺮ َأ ُﺑـﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻌﺎ َدات َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻋﻤﺮه َﺳﻨَ ًﺔ َوا ِﺣﺪ ًة َو َﺛ َﲈﻧِﻴﺔ َأ ْﺷ ُﻬﺮ‪َ ،‬و ُﻋ ﱢ َﲔ اﻷَ َﺗﺎﺑِﻜِ ّﻲ ﻃﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﺋ ًﺒﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻌﺰﻟﻪ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪824‬ﻫـ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﺑﺎن ﻣﻦ أﺑﻮا ِب اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰ َل ﺟﻮﻫ ُﺮ اﻟﺼﻘﲇ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة اﺧﺘﻄﺖ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺧﻄ ًﺔ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﺰ َو ْﻳﻠﺔ اﺧﺘﻄﺖ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﲔ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﲔ ﺑﺒﺎﰊ ُز َو ْﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﲈ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﺑﺎﺑﲔ ﻣﺘﻼﺻﻘﲔ ﺑﺠﻮار اﳌﺴﺠﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺮف ﺑﺴﺎم اﺑﻦ ﻧﻮح‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﲈ ﻗﺪم اﳌﻌﺰ‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة دﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺒﺎب اﻟﻘﻮس‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺻﺎروا ﻳﻜﺜﺮون اﻟﺪﺧﻮل واﳋـﺮوج ﻣﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﺠـﺮوا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﳌﺠﺎور ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺟﺮى ﻋﲆ اﻷﻟﺴﻨﺔ أن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﴣ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ زال ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ أﺛﺮ اﻟﻴﻮم‪.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻓﺒﻨﺎه أﻣﲑ اﳉﻴﻮش ﺑﺪر اﳉﲈﱄ‪ ،‬وزﻳﺮ اﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ اﳌﺴﺘﻨﴫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ اﻟـﺬي ﻫـﻮ ﺑـﺎق إﱃ‬ ‫اﻵن‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﲆ ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎرﳜﻪ واﺳﻤﻪ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪480‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺬﻛﺮ أن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ إﺧﻮة ﻗﺪﻣﻮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﲔ ﺑﻨﻮا ‪ :‬ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎب اﻟﻨﴫ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎب اﻟﻔﺘﻮح‪ ،‬وﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ًﺑـﺎ‪ ،‬وأن ﺑـﺎب‬ ‫زوﻳﻠﺔ ﻫﺬا ُﺑﻨِ َﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ أرﺑﻊ وﺛﲈﻧﲔ وأرﺑﻌﲈﺋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ‪ :‬أن ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎه اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻧﺰار ﺑﻦ اﳌﻌﺰ‪ ،‬وﲤﻤﻪ أﻣﲑ اﳉﻴﻮش ﺑﺪر اﳉﲈﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻴﻮم ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ اﳌﺘﻮﱄ وﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‪ 25.72‬ﻣﱰ‪ ،‬وﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ ‪ 25‬ﻣ ًﱰا‪ ،‬وارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬـﺎ ‪ 24‬ﻣـ ًﱰا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﳌﺴﺘﻮي اﻷﺻﲇ ﻟﻠﺸﺎرع‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺎب ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﱪز ﺛﻠﺚ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺴﻮر وﻳﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﱪﺟـﲔ‬ ‫ﳑﺮ ﻣﻜﺸﻮف ﻳﺆدي اﱄ ﺑﺎب اﳌﺪﺧﻞ‪ ،‬وﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻟﱪﺟﺎن إﱃ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺼﻤﺖ‪ ،‬وﻳـﺄﰐ ﰲ اﻟﺜﻠـﺚ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮي ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﲈ ﺣﺠﺮة دﻓﺎع ﻳﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻮ ﻃﻮﱄ ﻳﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺒﻮ ﻋﺮﴈ ﻏﲑ أن ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ اﳌﺆﻳـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺦ ﻓﻜـﺮ ﰲ اﺳـﺘﻐﻼل ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﺟﲔ ﻛﺄﺳﺎس اﳌﺌﺬﻧﺘﲔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﺎم‪ 818‬ﻫﺠﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﺠﺄ اﱄ ﺛﻘﺐ اﳉﺰء اﻻوﺳﻂ ﻣﻦ أﻗﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺠﺮﺗﲔ وﺷﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﰐ‬ ‫اﳌﺌﺬﻧﺘﲔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﳌﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍ ًة‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ارﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺬﻧﺘﲔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪة ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﲈرﻳﺔ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ زﺧﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﰱ ﻳﻮم اﻷﺣﺪ ‪ 2003/9/14‬م أﻋﻴﺪ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ اﳌﺸﻴﺪ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 900‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﴫي أﻣﲑﻛﻲ ﻣﻦ أﻋﲈل ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺮوﺿ َﺔ اﻟﺒﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(17 ،16‬واﳌﻮاﻋ َﻆ واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪ ،(380/1) ،‬وﻣﻮﻗ َﻊ اﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪.www.marefa.org ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ َك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪.(543/1/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫َو َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﱃ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ َﻜﺎﻧ ُﻪ و ُﻟ ﱢﻘ َﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺳ ْﻴ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ ﻃﻄﺮ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ َﳑَﺎﻟِﻴـﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻈـﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗـﻮق‪ُ ،‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺠ َﻦ اﳌﻠﻚ اﳌﻈﻔﺮ اﺑﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻜ ْﻨ َﺪ ِر ﱠﻳﺔ إِ َﱃ أن َﻣﺎ َت َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪833‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻋﻤـﺮه ﻧﺤـﻮ إِ ْﺣـ َﺪى َﻋ ْ َﴩـ َة َﺳـ َﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وﱂ‬ ‫َﺗ ُﻄ ْﻞ ﻣﺪة اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ ﻃﻄﺮ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻮ َﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪824‬ﻫـ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِه أﺑﺮ ُز اﻷَ ْﺣ َﺪا ِث اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ ِﰲ َﻋ ْ ِﴫ َﺟ َﻼ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻟﻪ َﻧ ِﺼـﻴ ٌﺐ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬـﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻜـﺎ َن َﳍـ ِﺬهِ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘﻨَ ﱡﻘ َﻼ ِت ِﻣ َﻦ َﻣﻠِ ٍﻚ ﻵ َﺧ ٍﺮ َأ َﺛ ٌﺮ َوا ِﺿ ٌﺢ ِﰲ َﺗ َﻮ ﱢﻟﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺰﻟِ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﻨﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ َﻛـﺎ َن ُﳛِـ ﱡﺐ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀـﺎ َء‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﻠـ َﺪه َﻓـ َ َﱰا ٍت‬ ‫َﻋ ِﺪﻳ َﺪةٍ‪ ،‬و َﺳﺄﺑ ّﲔ َذﻟِﻚ ِﰲ ﻧﺸﺄﺗِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ إِ َﱃ َ ْﲢ ِﺼﻴﻠِﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ َﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ْﻌﻠِﻴ ِﻤ ِﻪ إِ ﱠﻳﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪ :‬ا َﳊﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤﻴﱠﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺷ ِﻬ َﺪ ِت ا َﳊﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ِﰲ َﻋ ْ ِﴫ ا َﳌ َﲈﻟِﻴﻚ ُﻋ ُﻤﻮ ًﻣﺎ ا ْﻧﺘِ َﻌﺎ ًﺷﺎ َﻣ ْﻠ ُﺤﻮ ًﻇﺎ‪َ ،‬و ِﰲ اﻟ َﻔ ْ َﱰةِ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋﺎ َﺷ َﻬﺎ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ُﺧ ُﺼﻮ ًﺻﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ َﻋﺎ َش ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ُﺟ ﱠﻠ ٌﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء‪َ ،‬ﺑ َﺮ ُﻋﻮا ِﰲ ُﻓﻨُﻮ َن َﻛﺜِﲑةٍ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻦ أﺑﺮ ِزﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َﺗﺎ ُج اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ْﺒﻜِ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪771‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َ َﲨﺎ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳﻨَ ِﻮ ّي‪772) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﺑ ُﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪774) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣـﺎ ُم َﺑـ ْﺪ ُر‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْر َﻛ ِ ّﴚ‪794) ،‬ﻫــ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣـﺎ ُم اﺑـ ُﻦ َر َﺟـﺐ ا َﳊﻨْـ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪795) ،‬ﻫــ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣـﺎ ُم ُﺑ ْﺮ َﻫـﺎ ُن اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻷَ َﺑ َﻨـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪802‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم ِ َﴎا ُج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌُ َﻠ ﱢﻘ ِﻦ‪804) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم ِ َﴎا ُج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ‪805) ،‬ﻫــ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣـﺎ ُم‬ ‫َز ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ‪806) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ا َﳍ ْﻴ َﺜ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪807) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وإﻣﺎ ُﻣﻨﺎ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪824‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َو ِ ﱡﱄ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮاﻗِ ّﻲ‪826) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬وا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻘ َﻼ ِ ّﲏ‪852) ،‬ﻫــ(‪َ ،‬و َﻏـ ْ ُﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫َﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء اﻟﺬﻳ َﻦ َأ ْﺛ َﺮوا َﺧ َﺰاﺋِ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﴩ ِﻋ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ِﰲ َﻣ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒ ِﺔ اﻷُ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِﻣ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺷ ِﻬ َﺪ ْت َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟ َﻔ ْ َﱰ ُة َﺣ َﺮ َﻛ ًﺔ َﻛﺒﲑ ًة ﻟﺒﻨﺎ ِء اﳌَ َﺪا ِر ِس‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠﺣﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺑ ﱡﻄﻮ َﻃﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪارس ِﻣ ْ َﴫ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ اﳍﺠﺮي َأ ﱠﻧﻪ \"ﻻ ﳛﻴﻂ أﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﴫﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﲥﺎ\")‪َ ،(2‬و َﻗـﺎ َل اﻟﻘﻠﻘﺸـﻨﺪي ‪\" :‬و ِﰲ ﺧـﻼل َذﻟِـﻚ اﺑﺘﻨـﻰ‬ ‫أﻛﺎﺑﺮ اﻷﻣﺮاء وﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺪارس َﻣﺎ ﻣﻸ اﻷﺧﻄﺎط وﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ\")‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌَ َﲈﻟِﻴ ُﻚ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻌﺰﻳ ِﺰ اﳌﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ اﻟ ِﻌﻠﻤﻴ ِﺔ اﻹﺳﻼ ِﻣ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ﺑﺈﻛﺜﺎرﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ِء ا َﳉ َﻮا ِﻣ ِﻊ واﳌَ َﺴـﺎ ِﺟ ِﺪ واﳌـﺪارس‬ ‫ودور اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ ﺷﺠﻌﻮا َﻋ َﲆ إﻗﺎﻣﺘِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َﺧ ﱠﺼ ُﺼﻮا ﳍﺎ اﻷوﻗﺎ َف اﻟ َﻜﺒِ َﲑ َة‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن رﺻﺪ اﻷوﻗﺎف ﳍﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﺗﺎ ِرﻳ َﺦ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْو َﻟﺔ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺜ َﲈﻧ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﳌ َﺤ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑِﻚ‪) ،‬ص ‪.(92‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬رﺣﻠ َﺔ اﺑﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻃﺔ‪) ،‬ص‪.(37‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﺻﺒ ُﺢ اﻷﻋﺸﻰ‪.(378/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ أﻋ َﲈل اﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ وأﻣﺮاﺋﻬﻢ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬وإﻧ َﲈ ﻋﻤ ٌﻞ ﺟﻠﻴ ٌﻞ ﻳﻘﻮ ُم ﺑﻪ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻗـﺎدر َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﺒـﺬل واﻟﻌﻄـﺎء‪ ،‬ﻃﻠ ًﺒـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻮز ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻵﺧﺮة)‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َأ ْﺷ َﻬﺮ اﳌﺪارس ِﰲ ﺗﻠ َﻚ اﻟ َﻔ ْ َﱰ ِة‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ اﳉﻬﺎرﻛﺴـﻴﺔ)‪ ،(2‬وا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳـﺔ اﳊﻨﺒﻠﻴـﺔ)‪ِ ،(3‬ﰲ ﺑِـ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ا َﳌ َﺤ ﱢ ّﲇ)‪ ،(4‬واﳌَ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد ّﻳﺔ)‪ِ ،(5‬ﰲ ﻣﴫ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺪارس اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺸﺄوﻫﺎ آﻧﺬاك‪.‬‬ ‫و ُأ ِْﳊ َﻘ ْﺖ ﺑِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٍﺔ ﺧﺰاﻧ ُﺔ ُﻛ ُﺘ ٍﺐ ﻳﺮﺟ ُﻊ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺪرﺳﻮن واﻟﻄﻼب‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ُو ِﺻ َﻔ ْﺖ َﺧ َﺰا َﻧ ُﺔ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ِﺔ ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد ّﻳ ِﺔ ﻣﺜ ًﻼ ﺑﺄﳖﺎ \"ﻻ ُﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻴﻮم ﺑﺪﻳﺎ ِر ِﻣ ْ َﴫ َوﻻ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم ِﻣ ْﺜ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ\")‪.(6‬‬ ‫ﻛ َﲈ َﻛﺎ َن ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺟﺪ دورﻫﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﻠﻴ ِﻢ)‪ ،(7‬و َﻫ َﺬا دورﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﳌ َﲈﻟﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺣﻄﻴﻂ‪) ،‬ص‪.(214‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺠﻮار اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﳌﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮاء اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺸ َﲈل‪ ،‬وﻫـﻲ واﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴـﻴﺔ ﻛﻨﻴﺴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻨـﺎء اﻟـﺮوم‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺼﻔﲔ؛ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ اﳉﻬﺎرﻛﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﳉﻬﺎرﻛﺴـﻴﺔ ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﻮاﻗﻔﻬـﺎ اﻷﻣـﲑ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎرﻛﺲ اﳋﻠﻴﲇ أﻣﲑ آﺧﻮر اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷﻧ َﺲ اﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻘﺪس واﳋﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﳌﺠﲑ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﳊﻨﺒﲇ‪.(43/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﺑﺒﺎب اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وواﻗﻔﻬﺎ اﻷﻣﲑ ﺑﻴﺪﻣﺮ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﺘﻮﻟ ًﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺔ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ ِﰲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ اﻷﴍف َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺎن ﺑﻦ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ‬ ‫ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ وﺳﺒﻌﲔ وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﻨﺎؤﻫﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﴩ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ َﲨﺎدي اﻵﺧﺮة‪ ،‬وﻓﺮغ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ِﰲ ﺷﻮال َﺳـ َﻨﺔ إﺣـﺪى وﺛ َﲈﻧـﲔ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻷﻧ َﺲ اﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻘﺪس واﳋﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﳌﺠﲑ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﳊﻨﺒﲇ‪.(43/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ داﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﴫ‪ ،‬أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر ﺑﺮﻫﺎن اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ إِ ْﺑـ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋ ّﲇ اﳌﺤ ّﲇ اﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ َﺷ ْﻤﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻠﺒﺎن‪ ،‬وﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ِﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ إِ َﱃ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﴩـة رﴈ اﷲُ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌﻞ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﺑﺠﻮار داره اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﻣ ّﺪة ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻔﻖ ِﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ زﻳﺎدة َﻋ َﲆ ﲬﺴﲔ أﻟﻒ دﻳﻨﺎر‪ ،‬وﺟﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮارﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﳚﻌﻞ ﲠﺎ ﻣﺪ ّرﺳ ًﺎ وﻻ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪.(368/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (5‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ُﺔ ﺑﺨﻂ اﳌﻮازﻧﻴﲔ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ ﲡﺎه دار اﻟﻘﺮدﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﺒﻪ أن ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ َﻛﺎ َن ِﰲ اﻟﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﲨﻠـﺔ اﳊـﺎرة اﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺎ َﳌ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ اﻷﻣﲑ َﲨﺎل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻋ ّﲇ اﻹﺳﺘﺎدار ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ وﺗﺴﻌﲔ وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ورﺗﺐ ﲠﺎ در ًﺳﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺰاﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻻ ﳜﺮج ﻷﺣﺪ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎب إ ّﻻ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ‪ ،‬و َﲠ ِﺬ ِه اﳋﺰاﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛ ّﻞ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬و َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺪارس ﻣﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪.(395/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪.(395/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬راﺟﻊ اﳌﺼﺪر اﳌﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.(452 -445/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ا َﳌ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ‬ ‫اﳌَﻄْ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ :‬ا ْﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ َو َﻧ َﺴ ُﺒ ُﻪ َو َﻣ ْﻮﻟِ ُﺪ ُه)‪: (1‬‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑ ُﻦ ِ َﴎاج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َأ ُﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َر ْﺳﻼن ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ ﺑـﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎب ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳋﺎﻟﻖ أو ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻖ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﺒُ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟ ّﺴـﺨﺎو ﱡي وﺗﺒﻌـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ َذﻟِـﻚ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ﱡﲏ)‪ (2‬وﻛﺬا اﻷدﻧﺮوي)‪ ،(3‬وﺧﺎﻟﻔﻮا ِﰲ َذﻟِﻚ اﺑ َﻦ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱢ ْﺒ َﻴـﺎ ِن‪ ،‬ﺣﻴـﺚ َﻗـﺎ َل ‪\" :‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴـ َﻘ َﻼ ِ ّﲏ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟﺒُ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ\")‪ ،(4‬اﻟﻜِ َﻨﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻘ َﻼ ِ ّﲏ)‪ ،(5‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﻂ ﲠﺎء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﺒ َﻴﺎ ُن‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪.(332/2) ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ُك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪.(311/1/4 ،1082/3/3) ،‬‬ ‫در ُر اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪.(243/2) ،‬‬ ‫إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(440/7) ،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ُت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪.(36/4) ،‬‬ ‫ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(197/7) ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴ ُﻞ اﻟﺸﺎ ِﰲ َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪.(403/1) ،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ ُم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(280/12) ،‬‬ ‫ﳊ ُﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(182‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ُت اﳌﻔﴪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻸدﻧﺮوي)ص‪.(322‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ُء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ُر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(325‬‬ ‫َﺷﺬ َرا ُت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،(297/7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮ ُس اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﲏ‪.(731/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬و َذﻟِﻚ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ أﺧﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ َر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(325‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﳌﻔﴪﻳﻦ‪) ،‬ص‪.(322‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎ ُن‪.(332/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(182‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (6‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻮي‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ َﻠﺒِ ّﻲ اﻟ َﺒﺎﻟِ ِ ّﴘـ اﻷﺻـﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻘـ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ‪ ،‬ا َﳍﺎ ِﺷـ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻵ ِﻣ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ّي‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻳﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﴍح أﻟ ِﻔﻴﺔ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﳌﺸﻬﻮرة‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ِﰲ ﻣﻮﻟـﺪه‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪694‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪698‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪700‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪698‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪769‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ِﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪َ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ راﻓﻊ‪ ،(326/2) ،‬واﻟﻮا ِﰲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺼ َﻔ ِﺪ ﱢي‪ ،( 132 /17) ،‬وﻏﺎﻳ َﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي‪ ،(428/2) ،‬و َذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ رواة اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَﻦ وا َﻷ َﺳﺎﻧِﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(36 /2) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ‬ ‫ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(96 /3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(42 /3) ،‬واﳌَ ْﻨ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(49/7) ،‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫واﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ ُﺑ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨَﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ وﺳﻜﻮن اﻟﻼم واﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ وﻛﴪ اﻟﻘﺎف وﻧﻮن‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﺮى ﻣﴫـ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮب اﳌَ َﺤ ﱠﻠﺔ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫و َﺻﺎﻟِﺢ َأ َﺣﺪ َأ ْﺟ َﺪادِهِ َأ ﱠو َل َﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ َﻜ َﻦ ُﺑ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴ َﻨﺔ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫واﻟﻜِﻨَﺎ ِ ّﲏ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ ﻛِﻨَﺎ َﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻜ ْ ِﴪ اﻟ َﻜﺎف‪ ،‬وﻧﻮﻧﲔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ أﻟﻒ وﻫﺎء ِﰲ اﻵﺧـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻮ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻦ ُﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ُﻣ ْﺪ ِر َﻛﺔ ﺑﻦ إﻟﻴﺎس)‪.(3‬‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻘ َﻼ ِ ّﲏ ﺑ َﻔ ْﺘ ِﺢ اﻟ َﻌﲔ َو ُﺳﻜﻮن اﻟ ﱢﺴﲔ اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺘﲔ وﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺎف وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻻم أﻟـﻒ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ آﺧﺮﻫـﺎ ﻧـﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ َﻋ ْﺴ َﻘ َﻼن‪َ ،‬ﻣ ِﺪﻳﻨ ٌﺔ ﺑِ َﺴﺎ ِﺣ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم ﻣﻦ ﻓِﻠِ ْﺴﻄِﲔ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫ُﻛ ْﻨ َﻴ ُﺘ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ َو َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ُﻴ ْﻤ ِﻦ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫و ُﻳ َﻘﺎل ‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬أو ا َﳉ َﻼل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬أو اﺑﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ُوﻟِ َﺪ ِﰲ َﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﴩﻳﻦرﻣﻀﺎن‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ِ :‬ﰲ َﲨﺎدي اﻵﺧﺮة)‪ ،(6‬وأﺛﺒﺖ اﺑـﻦ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﺜـﺎﲏ ِﰲ اﻹﻧﺒـﺎء)‪،(7‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا اﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﺮي ﺑﺮدي ِﰲ َﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﻠﻪ‪ ،‬و َد ﱠﻟ َﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِﻚ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻫ َﻜ َﺬا َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻟ ْﻔﻈِ ِﻪ َﻏ ْ َﲑ َﻣ ﱠﺮة\")‪.(8‬‬ ‫و َأ ْﺛ َﺒ َﺖ اﺑ ُﻦ ﻗﺎﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ اﻷول)‪ ،(9‬وﻛﺬا َذ َﻫ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ﱡي إِ َﱃ َﺗ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺤ ِﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن َأ َﺧﺎه ﻋﻠ َﻢ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬واﺑـ َﻦ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺠﺮ َأ ْﺛ َﺒ َﺘﺎ َذﻟِﻚ)‪.(10‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(36/4) ،‬و ُﻟ ﱠﺐ اﻟﻠﺒﺎب ﰲ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ اﻷﻧﺴﺎب‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪.(144/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﺒ َﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪ ،(332/2) ،‬واﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(280/12) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻗ َﻼﺋِ َﺪ ا ُﳉ َﲈن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻘ ْﻠ َﻘ َﺸﻨْ ِﺪ ّي‪) ،‬ص‪.(134‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﺒﺎ ُب ِﰲ َ ْﲥ ِﺬﻳ ِﺐ ا َﻷ ْﻧ َﺴﺎ ِب‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻷَﺛِ ِﲑ ا َﳉ َﺰ ِر ّي‪.(339/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(182‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(106/4) ،‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ اﻟ ِﻌـ َﲈد‬ ‫ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،(297/7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪.(440/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﺮي ﺑﺮدي‪.(198/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (9‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ُت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪.(87/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫وﺑﺮ َز اﺑ ُﻦ ﺗﻐﺮي ﺑﺮدي ﺑﺮأ ٍي ﺟﺪﻳ ٍﺪ ﳜﺎﻟ ُﻒ رأ َﻳﻪ ِﰲ اﳌﻨﻬﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ِﰲ َﲨﺎد اﻷول)‪.(1‬‬ ‫و َﺗ َﺮ ﱠد َد اﺑ ُﻦ َﻓ ْﻬ ٍﺪ َﺑ ْﻴﻨَ ُﻬ َﲈ‪َ ،‬و َﱂْ ُﻳ ْﺜﺒِ ْﺖ أ ﱠي َواﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻬ َﲈ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫و َذﻟِﻚ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺛﻼث وﺳﺘﲔ وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﺪ َأ ْﻓ َﺮ َد أﺧﻮه اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺘﺄﻟِﻴ ِﻒ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِ ّﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻧ ْﺸﺄَ ُﺗ ُﻪ َو َﻃ َﻠﺒُ ُﻪ ﻟِﻠ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ َورﺣﻼﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻧ َﺸ َﺄ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة ِﰲ َﻛ َﻨ ِﻒ َأﺑِﻴﻪ ُﻣ َ َﱰ ﱢﻓ ًﻬﺎ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﺰ ًزا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤ ِﻔ َﻆ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮآ َن‪َ ،‬و ِﻋ ﱠﺪ َة ُﻣ ُﺘﻮ ٍن ِﰲ ِﻋـ َﺪةِ ُﻋ ُﻠـﻮم)‪َ ،(5‬و َﺻـ ﱠﲆ ﺑِـ ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ َﱰا ِوﻳ َﺢ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ِﻐﲑ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻔ ﱠﻘ َﻪ ﺑِ ِﻪ َو َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُه ِﻷَ ْﺟﻠِ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺐ‪َ ،‬و ُ ْﳐ َﺘ َ َﴫ اﺑﻦ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺟ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْﺻِ ّﲇ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ َﺔ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِـﻚ‬ ‫َو َﻏ ْ َﲑ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻔ ﱠﻘ َﻪ ﺑِ َﺄﺑِﻴ ِﻪ َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﺑ َﺮ َع ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ َواﻷَ ُﺻﻮ ِل َواﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ َواﳌَ َﻌﺎ ِﲏ َواﻟ َﺒ َﻴﺎن‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻓ َﺘﻰ َو َد ﱠر َس ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺣ َﻴﺎةِ َواﻟِ ِﺪهِ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ِﳑﱠﺎ َﺑ َﺤ َﺜ ُﻪ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ ا َﳊﺎ ِوي)‪.(6‬‬ ‫َو َأ ْﺟ َﻠ َﺴ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُه ﺑِ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ ﻓﻮق اﻟ ﱠ َﴩ ِف اﻟﴩﻳﴚ)‪ ،(7‬وﺻﺎر ﻳﻨﻮه ﺑﻪ وﳛﺾ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳ َﲈع ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َد َﺧ َﻞ دِ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ وﺳﺘﲔ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻣﻊ أﺑﻴﻪ ﺣﲔ وﱄ ﻗﻀﺎءﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل اﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ ‪\" :‬ﻓﻠﻮ وﺟـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻷدرك اﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﱄ\")‪.(8‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪\" :‬ﱂ َﻳ ِﻘ ْﻒ َﻟﻪ ِﰲ ﻃﻮ ِل ﻋﻤﺮه َﻋ َﲆ َﺳ َﲈع َﳾ ٍء ﻻ ﺑِ ِﻤ ْ َﴫ َو َﻻ ﺑِ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ إﻻ َﻋ َﲆ واﻟﺪه\")‪.(9‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻟﺪﻟﻴ ُﻞ اﻟﺸﺎ ِﰲ َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪.(403/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(182‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ُء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.(112/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(198/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬اﳌﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.(198/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻫﻮ ﴍف اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﴩﻳﴚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﱃ ﺗﺪرﻳﺲ اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﺪراﺋﻴﺔ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﺪرس ﲠﺎ إﱃ ﺣﲔ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺪرر اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،(334/4) ،‬واﻟﺪارس ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﳌﺪارس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﻌﻴﻤﻲ‪.(159/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﳊ ُﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪) ،‬ص ‪.(183‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪.(440/7) ،‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫َو ُذ ِﻛ َﺮ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺪ ُم اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ َﺣ ﱠﺞ ِﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ ِة أﺑﻴﻪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ِﰲ َﺳـ َﻨﺔ ﺳـﺒﻊ وﺛ َﲈﻧـﲔ وﺳـﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﴩب َﻣﺎء زﻣﺰم ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈرﺟ َﻊ َأ ْد َﻣ َﻦاﻟ ﱠﻨﻈَ َﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻓﻤﻬﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِﰲ ﻣﺪ ٍة ﻳﺴﲑ ٍة ﻻﺳﻴ َﲈ ﻣﻨﺬ َﻣﺎ َت واﻟﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫أول َﻣﺎ وﱄ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﺳﺖ)‪ (1‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ِ ّﲏ ِﰲ دِﻳ َﻮا ِن ا ِﻹ ْﻧ َﺸﺎ ِء ِﻋ َﻮ ًﺿﺎ َﻋـ ْﻦ َأ ِﺧﻴـﻪ اﻟ َﺒـ ْﺪر ِﺣـﲔ ا ْﺳـﺘِ ْﻘﺮاره ِﰲ‬ ‫َﻗ َﻀﺎء اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜﺮ ﺑِ ُﻨ ُﺰو ِل َواﻟِ ِﺪه َﻟﻪ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ِﺣﲔ اﺳﺘﻘ ﱠﺮ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ ِﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َذﻟِﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ِﰲ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺎن َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ وﺳـﺒﻌﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا ﻧﺰل ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ إﻓﺘﺎء دار اﻟﻌﺪل‪ ،‬وﻗﺒﻞ َذﻟِﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﺪرج‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﺳﺘﻘﺮ ِﰲ َﻗ َﻀﺎء اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣـﻮت أﺧﻴـﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪر‪َ ،‬ﺳﻨَﺔ إﺣﺪى وﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺗ َﺰ ﱠو َج ﺑِ َﺰ ْو َﺟﺘِ ِﻪ أﻟﻒ اﺑﻨﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﻬﺎ ِﰊ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟ َﻔﺎر َﻗﺎ ِ ّﲏ ِﺳ ْﺒ َﻄﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﻬﺎ ِﰊ َأﺻﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ ﺑِ ُﺴﻮ ِق اﻟ َﻐـﻨَ ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺑ َﻌﻴﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﲈﻧِ َﲈﺋﺔ َو َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ َﺗ َﺰ ﱠو َﺟ َﻬﺎ َأ ُﺧﻮه اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪر‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺧﻠِﻴﻞ واﻟﺪ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َأﺻﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻵﰐ ِﰲ َﺗﻼ ِﻣﻴﺬه‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻫﻮ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫و َﺗ َﺰ ﱠو َج َﻫﺎ َﺟﺮ اﺑﻨ َﺔ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮدِ ّي‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أﺧﺖ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮدِ ّي‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑه‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻣﺎ َت ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ُﻮ ﱢﻓﻴﺖ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ وأرﺑﻌﲔ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا َﻣ َﻠ َﻚ َﻗﺎ َﻋ َﺔ َأ ِﺧﻴﻪ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪر اﻟﺘﻲ َأ ْﻧ َﺸ َﺄ َﻫﺎ ﲡﺎه َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ أﺑﻴﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎت ﻗﺒﻞ إﻛ َﲈﳍﺎ وﺳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻊ واﻟﺪه َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺛﻼث وﺗﺴﻌﲔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺮ َﻛﺎب اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ِ ّﲏ إِ َﱃ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ِﰲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣ ٍﺔ زاﺋﺪةٍ وﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛ َﲈﺋﺔ َﳑَﺎﻟِﻴﻚ ﻣﺮدان‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎروا ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻮن ِﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺪروس وﻏﲑﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ودﻋـﺎ ﺑﻘـﺎﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀـﺎة ﻟﻜﻮﻧـﻪ ﻗـﺎﴈ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ وﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺒﻪ ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﳌﺎ َ َﲢ ﱠﻘ َﻖ َﻣ ْﻮ ُت َﺻ ْﺪ ِر ا ُﳌﻨَﺎ ِوي)‪ ،(4‬ووﺛﻮب اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ)‪َ (5‬ﻋـ َﲆ ا َﳌ ْﻨ ِﺼـ ِﺐ َﺷـ ﱠﻖ َﻋﻠِ ْﻴـ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﺳ َﻌﻰ إِ َﱃ أن وﱄ ﺑﺎﻟ َﺒ ْﺬل ِﰲ راﺑﻊ َﲨﺎدي اﻵﺧﺮة َﺳ َﻨﺔ أرﺑﻊ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ أﻣﲑ آﺧﻮر ﺳﻮدون ﻃـﺎز)‪ ،(6‬وﺗﻐـﻴﻆ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﺴﲔ ا ُﳌ ْﻬ َﻤﻠﺔ ‪ :‬ﻟﻐ ٌﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠﻤﺔ؛ َأو ُﻫ َﻮ اﻷَﺻ ُﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﻋ ﱢﺮب ﺑﺎ ِﻹ َﳘﺎل‪َ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ ِﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺜﻴـﺎ ِب واﻟـ َﻮ َر ِق و َﺻـ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ َﺒ ْﻴـ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻼﺛ ِﺔ ﻣﻌﺎ ٍن ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺮﺑﺎ ٌت ﻋﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ اﳌﺘ َﺄ ﱢﺧﺮون ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻮان‪ ،‬وﳎ ِﻠﺲ اﻟ ِﻮزارة‪ ،‬واﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ َﲠ َﺬا اﳌﻌﻨﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ وأﺳﻨﺎﻫﺎ وأﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ وأﻋﻼﻫﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﲠﺎ ﺳﻔﲑ اﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ إِ َﱃ اﳌﻠﻚ ِﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﲨـﺎن ﻣﻌـﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻔﺬ آﻣﺮ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﻪ وﳖﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ذا اﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ إﻧﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻮده وﺑﺮه‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻮﱃ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺪﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎ َج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ،(518/4) ،‬واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ َﻒ ﺑﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﺻﺒﺢ اﻷﻋﺸـﻰ‪ُ ،‬ﳌ َﺤ ﱠﻤـﺪ اﻟـﺒﻘﲇ‪،‬‬ ‫)ص‪.(136‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(83/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(42/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬ﺗﻮ َﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪803‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(87/4) ،‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ َء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(315/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (5‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ َء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(190/5) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(100/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻮدون ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻄ ﱠﻴﺎِر‪ ،‬أﺣﺪ ﳑﺎﻟﻴﻚ اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﻮق‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪810‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﳌﻨﻬ ِﻞ اﻟﺼﺎﰲ‪.(115/6) ،‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫اﻟﺪوادار اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺟﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ َﻓ َﻌ َﻞ ﺑﻐﲑ ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ واﻣﺘﻨ َﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ُﻛﻮ ِب َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻴﺔ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ َﻌـﺎ َد ِة‪ ،‬ﻓﻠـﻢ َ ْﳛ َﺘ ِﻤـ ْﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َذﻟِﻚ و َﺑﺎ َد َر ﻟ َﺘ َﻼﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َﻓ َﺮﻛِ َﺐ ُﻫ َﻮ وواﻟﺪه إﻟﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻓﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻜﺎ ِر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ ﺑـﺬ ِل ا َﳌـﺎ ِل َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀـﺎ ِء‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ ﺑﺠﻮاز َذﻟِﻚ ﳌﻦ ﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤ ﱠﺮ ﻣﺪ ًة َو ُﻋ ِﺰ َل‪ ،‬وأﻋﻴ َﺪ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ ِﰲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﴩﻳﻦ ﺷـﻮال َﺳـ َﻨﺔ ﲬـﺲ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋـﺔ‪ ،‬وﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻞ ﻣﺪة اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ وﻋﺰل‪ ،‬وأﻋﻴﺪ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ ﴏف ﺑﺸـﻤ ِﺲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻹﺧﻨـﺎﺋﻲ)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ ﻳـﻮم‬ ‫اﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﺳﺎدس ﻋﴩﻳﻦ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺎن َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ أﻋﻴﺪ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣـﺪة واﺳـﺘﻤﺮ إِ َﱃ أن ﻋـﺰل ﺑﺸـﻤﺲ اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﻨﺎﺋﻲ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﴩﻳﻦ َﲨﺎدى اﻵﺧﺮة َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳـﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﴫـو ًﻓﺎ إِ َﱃ أن أﻋﻴـﺪ ِﰲ ﺛﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﴩﻳﻦ ذي اﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻨَﺔ ﻓﺒﺎ َﴍ إِ َﱃ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﻔﺮ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺛ َﲈن وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﺰل ﺑﺎﻹﺧﻨﺎﺋﻲ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ُأ ِﻋﻴ َﺪ ِﰲ رﺑﻴﻊ اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﻤ ﱠﺮ إِ َﱃ أن اﻧﻜ َﴪ اﳌَﻠِ ُﻚ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ُﴏ َﻓ َﺮج ﺑﻦ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗـﻮق ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻣـﲑ َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫و َﻧ ْﻮروز ودﺧﻞ دِ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﴏف ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷَ ِﻣﲑﻳ ِﻦ اﳌَ ْﺬ ُﻛﻮ َر ْﻳ ِﻦ ﺑ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀـﺎة ﺷـﻬﺎب اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ ﺑـﻦ َﻧـﺎ ِﴏ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻋﻮﲏ)‪ (2‬أﻳﺎ ًﻣﺎ ﺑ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ أﻋﻴﺪ ِﰲ أواﺋﻞ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﴩة وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬و اﺳﺘﻤ ﱠﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟِـﻚ َﻗﺎ ِﺿـ ًﻴﺎ ﺳـﻨﲔ إِ َﱃ أن‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻟﻪ اﳌﻠﻚ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ ﺑﻘﺎﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة َﺷ ْﻤﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ا َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي)‪ِ (3‬ﰲ َ َﲨـﺎدى اﻷوﱃ َﺳـ َﻨﺔ إﺣـﺪى وﻋﴩـﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤ ﱠﺮ ﻣﴫو ًﻓﺎ َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ًﺮا‪ ،‬و ُأﻋﻴﺪ ِﰲ ﺷﻬ ِﺮ رﺑﻴ ِﻊ اﻷو ِل َﺳﻨَﺔ اﺛﻨﺘـﲔ وﻋﴩـﻳﻦ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋـﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘـﺎ َل اﻟﺸـﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎري)‪ ،(4‬ﳌﱠﺎ زﻳﻨﺖ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة ﻟ َﺬﻟِﻚ وﻟﻠﻤﺆﻳﺪ وﻋﻠﻖ اﻟﱰ َﲨﺎن ِﰲ اﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ َﲪﺎ ًرا ﺣﻴﺎ)‪: (5‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺴﻌﺪ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﺷﻜ ًﻼ ﺿﺨ ًﲈ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ ا ُﳌ ْﻠ َﺘ َﻘﻰ ﻛﺜﲑ اﻟﺒِ ْ ِﴩ وا ِﻹ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ ِن إِ َﱃ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎر ًﻓﺎ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ا َﳌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻛﺜﲑ اﻟ َﺒـ ْﺬ ِل َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﻮﻇـﺎﺋﻒ واﳌـﺪاراة‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻛﺎﺑﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺑ َﲈ ا ْﻓ ُﺘ ِﻀ َﺢ ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﺠﺎﻟﺲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺴﱰ َذﻟِﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺬل واﻹﺣﺴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻘﻮل ‪ :‬أﻧﺎ ﻗﺎ ٍض ﻛﺮﻳ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻗﺎ ٍض ﻋﺎﱂٍ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ َء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،(141/7) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(136/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ ﺑﺎﻋﻮن ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺤﻮران‪ .‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ ْﺠ َﻤ ِﻊ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﺳﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(79/3) ،‬و ُﺣ ْﺴـ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺤـﺎ َ َﴐة‪،(548/1) ،‬‬ ‫وﻟﺐ اﻟﻠﺒﺎب ﰲ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ اﻷﻧﺴﺎب‪ ،(351/2) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﺷﺎ َع ﻋﻨﻪ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﳛﻔ ُﻆ اﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﴩ أﻟ َﻒ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ ﳛﻔﻆ َﺻ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪه‪ ،‬وﳛﻔﻆ ﻣﺘﻮن اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺮت ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮة ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫وﺑﲔ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺑﺤ ْ َﴬ ِة ا َﳌ ِﻠ ِﻚ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ وﻇﻬﺮ زﻳﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﲈ ﺟﺮت ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬رﻓ ِﻊ اﻹﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(392‬وﺑﻐﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﺎة ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ واﻟ ﱡﻨ َﺤﺎة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(5/2‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﲈد ا َﳊ ْﻨ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،(261/7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ زﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺎن ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ داود‪ ،‬اﳌﻮﺻ ّﲇ اﻷﺻﻞ‪ ،‬اﳌﴫ ّي‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪828‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ َك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(701/2/4) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒـﺎ َء اﻟ ُﻐﻤـﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،(82/2) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀـ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣـﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(301/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ُء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(174/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻳﻘـﻮل ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺟﻬـﺎ ًرا‬ ‫أﻗـﺎم اﻟﱰ َﲨـﺎن ﻟﺴـﺎن ﺣـﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ وﻗﺪ رﻓﻌـﻮا َﲪـﺎ ًرا‬ ‫ز َﻣﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺪ وﺿـﻌﻮا ﺟـﻼ ًﻻ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا ﻧﻈﻢ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﳌَ َﺤﺎ ِﺳﻦ اﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻨﻮر اﻟ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ ّﳾ)‪ِ ،(1‬ﰲ َذﻟِﻚ ﻧﻈ ًﲈ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﻮ ُر َﺣﺎ َل اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِس‪ ،‬ﳌَﺎ ﻋـﺎد َﺟـ َﻼل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑــﻞ َﻋــ ْﻮد ﻻ ﻋﻴــﺪ ﻋــﺎد ﻣﺜﺎﻟــﻪ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻮ ُد ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ِم ﻟﺪى اﻷﻧـﺎ ِم ﻛﻌﻴـﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫زاﻟـﺖ ﺑﻌـﻮن اﷲ ﺟـﻞ ﺟﻼﻟـﻪ‬ ‫أﺟـﲆ َﺟـ َﻼل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻨـﺎ ﻏﻤـ ًﺔ‬ ‫ودام ﻗﺎﺿ ًﻴﺎ إِ َﱃ أن ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ اﳌﻠﻚ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ ِﰲ ﳏﺮم َﺳﻨَﺔ أرﺑﻊ وﻋﴩﻳﻦ وﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه وﻟـﺪه اﳌﻠـﻚ‬ ‫اﳌﻈﻔﺮ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻌﺎ َدات)‪ ،(2‬وﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ ﳑﻠﻜﺘﻪ اﻷﻣﲑ ﻃﻄﺮ)‪ (3‬إِ َﱃ اﻟﺒِ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫وﻋﲆ َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ و ِ َﱄ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎ َء ﻟﺴ ﱠﺘ ِﺔ َﺳ َﻼﻃِﲔ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِﴏ َﻓ َﺮج‪ ،‬وا َﳌﻨْ ُﺼﻮر َﻋ ْﺒـﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳـﺰ اﺑﻨـﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻈـﺎ ِﻫﺮ‬ ‫َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق‪ ،‬وا َﳋﻠِﻴ َﻔﺔ اﳌُ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻌﲔ ﺑِﺎ ِﷲ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎﳼ‪ ،‬واﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺦ‪ ،‬واﺑﻨﻪ اﳌﻈﻔﺮ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ ﻃﻄﺮ)‪.(5‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪َ :‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻗﺪ ا ْﺑ ُﺘِ َﲆ ﺑِ ُﺤ ﱢﺐ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء ﻓﻠـ ﱠﲈ ُ ِﴏ َف ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺑـﺎ َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي َﺗـ َﺄ ﱠﱂَ ﻟـ َﺬﻟِﻚ ﻛﺜـ ًﲑا‪ ،‬واﺷـﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻋﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ ُﻗ ِﺮ َئ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌ ِﺔ َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪه اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏي ﺑﻦ اﻟﺒـﺎرزي ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ اﻟﴪــ َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ أذن ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن اﳌُ َﺆ ﱠﻳﺪ ِﰲ ا ُﳊﻀﻮ ِر َﻣ َﻊ ا َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠ َﻠ ِﺲ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻳ ِﻤ ِﲔ ا َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑـﲔ ا َﳌـﺎﻟِﻜِ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﺻـﺎ َر ُﻳﺒـ ِﺪي اﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﺋـ َﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻬ ﱠﻴ َﺔ وا َﳊﺪﻳﺜ ﱠﻴ َﺔ وﳚﺎرﻳﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﻼء ﺑﻦ اﳌﻐﲇ ا َﳊ ْﻨ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ ا َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﻌ ﱡﺪ َﻓﺎﺋِﺪ ًة ﻣ َﻊ َﻛﻼ ِﻣ ِﻬ َﲈ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺻﺎر اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﲇ َﻳ ْﺪ ُرس َﻗ ْﺪ َر َﻣﺎ َﻳﻘﺮ ُأ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺠﻠِ ِﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي وﻳﴪده ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺬ رﺗـﺐ ا َﳉـ َﻼل َأ َﺧـﺎه ِﰲ َأﺳـﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﳞﺎ ُﻣ ْﺸ َﻜ َﻠﺔ وﳛﻔﻈﻪ َأ ْﺻ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َو َﺟ َﻮا َﲠﺎ و َﻳﺴﺘﺸﻜِ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﳜﺺ ا َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴﺆا ِل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻀﺞ ا َﳍ َﺮ ِو ّي ﻣﻦ َذﻟِـﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (1‬ﻫ َﻮ َﲨﺎل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ﱢﻜ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪837‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(105/4) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(322/8) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣـﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(13/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ﺳ ْﻤ ِﻂ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮم اﻟ َﻌ َﻮاﱄ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌ َﺼﺎ ِﻣ ّﻲ‪ ،(47/4) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪.(1/1/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺳﻴﻒ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪824‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،(397/6) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،(35/14) ،‬ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣـﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴـ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(7/4‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪.(397/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(213/5) ،‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫وا ُﳌﺮا ُد ﻣﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ﻛﻠﻪ َإ ْﻇ َﻬﺎر ُﻗ ُﺼﻮ ِره واﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن ُﻳ َﺸﺎ ِﻫ ُﺪ َﲨِﻴﻊ َذﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﺴ ِﻤ ُﻌﻪ ﻟ َﻜ ْﻮﻧِ ِﻪ َﺟﺎﻟ ًﺴﺎ ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ؛ ُﺛـ ﱠﻢ ﳌَـﺎ ﻏﻠـﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺟﻊ رﺟﻠﻪ َﺻﺎ َر َ ْﳚﻠِ ُﺲ ِﰲ اﻟ ّﺸ ﱠﺒﺎ ِك ا ُﳌﻄِ ﱢﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ﳏﻠﻬﻢ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﺎ َ َﴍ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء ﺑﺤﺮﻣ ٍﺔ َواﻓﺮ ٍة‪ ،‬و ِﻋ ﱠﻔ ٍﺔ زاﺋﺪ ٍة إِ َﱃ اﻟﻐﺎﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ اﻣﺘﻨـﻊ ﻣـﻦ َﻗ ُﺒـﻮ ِل ا َﳍ ِﺪ ﱠﻳـ ِﺔ ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼـ ِﺪﻳ ِﻖ‬ ‫َوﻏ ِﲑ ِه‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﳑﱠ ْﻦ ﻟﻪ َﻋﺎ َد ًة ﺑﺎﻹﻫﺪا ِء إﻟﻴﻪ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء َﻣ َﻊ ﻟِ ِﲔ َﺟﺎﻧِ ٍﺐ‪َ ،‬وﺗﻮاﺿ ٍﻊ وﺑﺬ ٍل ﻟﻠ َﲈ ِل واﳉﺎهِ‪ ،‬وﻧﺤـﻮ َذﻟِـﻚ‬ ‫ﳑﱠﺎ َﲡ ّﺪ َد ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ِﺷ ﱠﺪ ِة َﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﺳﺎه ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻌ ِﻲ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ؛ وﻟﻜﻨـﻪ ﻓـﻴ َﲈ َﻗـﺎ َل اﺑـ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻛـﺎ َن ﻛﺜـ َﲑ اﻻﻧﺤـﺮا ِف‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘ َﲈ ِع‪ ،‬ﴎﻳ َﻊ اﻟﻐﻀ ِﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺪ ِم واﻟ َﺮُ ُﺟﻮ ِع ﺑِ ُﴪ َﻋ ٍﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ َأ َد ّل َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﻔﺘِ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﳌَﺎ أذن ﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﴩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮاﺑﻪ ِﰲ اﳊﻜﻢ ﴍط ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ ﴍو ًﻃـﺎ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ‪ :‬أن ﻣﻦ أﺧﺬ َﻣﺎ ًﻻ رﺷﻮة َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻣﻌﺰول)‪.(2‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪ :‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻗﺪر ﻋﴩﻳﻦ َﺳﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﲈ أﺿﺒ ُﻂ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ وﻗﻌ ْﺖ ﻋﻨﺪه ﳏﺎﻛﻤ ٌﺔ ﻓﺄﲤﱠﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤ ُﻊ أو َﳍﺎ وﻳﻔﻬ ُﻢ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا روﺟ َﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺨﻼف َﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻨﺰق واﻟﺼﻴﺎح وأرﺳﻞ اﳌﺤﺎﻛﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ ﻧﻮاﺑﻪ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺚ ‪ُ :‬ﺷﻴُﻮ ُﺧ ُﻪ ُو َﺗﻼ ِﻣﻴ ُﺬ ُه ‪:‬‬ ‫َأ ﱠو ًﻻ ‪ُ :‬ﺷ ُﻴﻮ ُﺧ ُﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎوي ‪\" :‬ﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑه؛ ﻷ ﱠن واﻟﺪه ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﺴﻤﻴﻌﻪ\")‪.(4‬‬ ‫وﻳﻈﻬ ُﺮ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎوي َﻳ ْﻘ ِﺼ ُﺪ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪،‬؛ ﻷ ﱠﻧﺎ وﻗﻔﻨﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ذﻛﺮ ﻋﺪدٍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﳜﻪ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳـﻤﻊ ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫أو أﺟﺎزوه‪ ،‬أو ﻏﲑ َذﻟِﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ وﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﲨﻮا ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﻮا ﳌﺸﺎﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮوه ِﰲ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻫﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬واﻟﺪه ﴎاج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﺎﻟِ َﺐ اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱢﺴ ﱠﺘ ِﺔ وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ َﻋ َﲆ ﻏﲑ ﴍ ِط اﻟ ﱠﺴـ َﲈ ِع‬ ‫َﳌِﺎ َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ َﻘ ُﻊ ِﰲ درو ِﺳ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻛ ْﺜ َﺮةِ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ اﳌُ ْﻔ ِﺮ ِط اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢدي إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﻐ ِﻂ ا ُﳌ ِﺨ ﱢﻞ ﺑِ ِﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﲈ ِع‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬رﻓ ُﻊ اﻹﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪.(111‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﺴﻠﻮ ُك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪.(311/1/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬رﻓ ُﻊ اﻹﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪.(111‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﻀﻮ ُء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪.(107/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ َﻋ َﻼء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﲇ ﺑ ُﻦ أﻳﻮب‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،‬اﳌُ َﻠ ﱠﻘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﺎن ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ْﺼـ ِﻐ ِﲑ‪748) ،‬ﻫــ(‪َ ،‬ﺳـ ِﻤ َﻊ‬ ‫‪-2‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺗﻔﺎ ًﻗﺎ ﺑﻨﺰو ٍل اﻟﻴﺴ َﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻨ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى ﻟِﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬ ِﻘ ّﻲ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬ ‫ﺟ ﱡﺪه ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻆ اﻟ َﺒ َﻬﺎء َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا ﻋﻨﺪه إِ َﺟﺎ َزة ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫وﳌَﺎ َد َﺧﻞ دِ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ وﺳﺘﲔ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻣﻊ أﺑﻴـﻪ ﺣـﲔ َو ِ َﱄ ﻗﻀـﺎءﻫﺎ ا ْﺳـ َﺘ َﺠﺎ َز ﻟـﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺸـ َﻬﺎ ُب ﺑـ ُﻦ‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻲ)‪ (2‬ﻣﻦ ُﺷ ُﻴﻮ ِخ َذﻟِﻚ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ َﻧ ْﺤ َﻮ َﻣﺎﺋﺔ َﻧ ْﻔ ٍﺲ َﻓ َﺄ ْز َﻳﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﺜﻞ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-7‬‬ ‫َز ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻧﴫ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜِ َﻨﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْﻘﺒِ ّﻲ‪772) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(3‬‬ ‫‪-8‬‬ ‫‪-9‬‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻤ ُﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َ ْﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ُﳌﻨْ ِﻌ ِﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َ ْﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ ﱠﺮا ّﲏ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ﱢﻴﻊ‪772) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(4‬‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِس‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺠﻢ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴﻞ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺠﻢ‪773 ) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(5‬‬ ‫ِﻋ ﱡﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﲇ‪ ،‬ا ِﻹﺑِِ ّﲇ ﺑﻜﴪ اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ،‬واﳌﻮﺣﺪة ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إِ َﱃ إﺑﻞ اﻟﺴـﻮق ﺑـﻮادي ﺑـﺮدا‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻮﻗ ّﻲ‪773) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(6‬‬ ‫َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮوف ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺼـ َﻼح ﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َأ ِﰊ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ‪870) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(7‬‬ ‫ِﺷ َﻬﺎب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ ا ُﳊ َﺴﲔ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻌِ ّﲇ‪777) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(8‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(32/3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(30/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺷ ْﻴﺦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎس‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪816‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(12/4) ،‬وا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﺳﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،(31/3) ،‬و َذ ْﻳـ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴـ ِﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪.(304 /1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ وﺿﺒﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳـ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴـ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘـ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(234/2) ،‬وا َﳌ ْﺠ َﻤـ ِﻊ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﺳـﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪،(624/2) ،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺼ ِﲑ اﳌﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(229/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ راﻓﻊ‪ ،(369/2) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪،(431/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(296/1) ،‬وﻏﺎﻳ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ،(39/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(119/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(108/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَـﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،(143/5) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒـﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(32/1‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(34/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر َر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠـﺮ‪ ،(31/5) ،‬واﳌﻘﺼـ َﺪ اﻷرﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ ﻣﻔﻠـﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(363/2‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(338/1) ،‬واﳌﻌﺠ ِﻢ اﳌﺆﺳﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(596/2) ،‬واﻟﺬﻳ ِﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﻌـﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ‪.(405/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪َ -10‬ز ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﺣ ْﻔﺺ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ِﺰﻳﺪ اﳌﺰي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ُأ َﻣ ْﻴ َﻠﺔ‪778) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﳊﻔﺎظ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ِ -11‬ﻋ َﲈد اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﺪاء‪ ،‬إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴﻞ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻛﺜِﲑ‪ ،‬اﻟ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪774) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(2‬‬ ‫‪َ -12‬ﺑ ْﺪ ُر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ِﻫ َﻼل ﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﴫﺧﺪي‪ ،‬اﻷَ ْﺻـﻞ اﻟ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸـﻘﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺪ ﱠﻗﺎق‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳍ َﺒﻞ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻟ َﻘ ُﺐ َأﺑِﻴﻪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪779) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(3‬‬ ‫‪َ -13‬ﺷ ْﻤ ُﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﺑ َﻜﺮ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ ِﳏﺐ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ اﳌُ ِﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ا َﳊﻨْ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪789 ) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(4‬‬ ‫‪ -14‬زﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴﻢ ﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳊ َﺴﲔ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮا ِﻗ ّﻲ‪806) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(5‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠ َﲈء ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -15‬ﺗﺎج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴﺒﻜﻲ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻆ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻓﻬﺮ ًﺳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﳌﺸﻬﻮرةِ َﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﳛﺪث ﲠﺎ)‪.(7‬‬ ‫‪ -16‬و َﻓ ْﺨ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن‪ ،‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﻜ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺘﻼ ِو ّي‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎ ِﻏ ّﻲ‪َ ،‬أ ْﻗ َﺮ َأ ا َﳉ َﻼل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮءا َن)‪.(8‬‬ ‫‪َ -17‬ﲨﺎ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺣﻴﻢ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻨ ِﻮ ّي)‪َ ،(9‬ﺣ َ َﴬ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪه ُﻫ َﻮ َو َأ ُﺧﻮه اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪر ﺑﺈﺷﺎرة أﺑﻴﻬ َﲈ)‪.(10‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﺠ َﻢ اﳌﺆﺳﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(627/2) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(114/11) ،‬واﻟﺬﻳ َﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ اﻟﻌـﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ‪) ،‬ص‪.(432‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(471/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(445/1) ،‬وا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(414/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺪ َر َر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(113/2) ،‬واﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴ َﻪ واﻹﻳﻘﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(109‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(133/1) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣ َﻨﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(210/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪َ :‬ذ ْﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴﻴ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘ ِﻘـ ّﻲ اﻟ َﻔـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،(106/2) ،‬وﻃﺒﻘـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـ ِﻦ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷـ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،(29/4) ،‬وا َﳌﻨْ َﻬـ ِﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪.(254/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬وذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺴﺨﺎو ﱡي ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪\" :‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮوﻳﺎت اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎزة\"‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إﳖﺎ ِﰲ ﻛﺮاﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(183‬واﳉـﻮاﻫ َﺮ واﻟـﺪرر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴـﺨﺎوي‪ ،(671/2) ،‬وﻓﻬـﺮ َس اﻟﻔﻬـﺎرس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﺘـﺎﲏ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪.(731/2‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(143/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﻼم َﻋ َﲆ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻻﺣ ًﻘﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫َﺛﺎﻧِ ًﻴﺎ ‪َ :‬ﺗ َﻼ ِﻣﻴ ُﺬ ُه ‪:‬‬ ‫أﺣﺎﻃ ْﺖ ﺑ َﺠ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣ ُﻞ ﻛﺜﲑة أﺳﻬﻤﺖ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎف اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أﺑﺮزﻫﺎ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻤـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺤﺮه وﺗﻔﻨﻨﻪ ِﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪ ،‬ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء اﻟﺘﻼﻣﻴﺬ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ اﳊﻔﺎظ َأ ُﺑﻮ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬اﳌﻘﺪ ّﳼ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﺷ ْﻤﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸـﻘﻲ)‪ ،(2‬وروى ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻷرﺑﻌﲔ اﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎت)‪ (3‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﴩ ﻓﻴ َﲈ ﻗﺮأه ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮواﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬ ‫ُﺑ ْﺮ َﻫﺎن اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ ُﻢ ﺑ ُﻦ ِﺧ ْﴬ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻌ ْﺜ َﲈﲏ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺼﻮري اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ ﻧﺴﺒ ًﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ﻗﺮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي ا َﳌ ْﻮﻟِﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪852) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(5‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀﻞ‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ‪ ،‬اﳌِ ْﺸ ُﻬﻮ ُر ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪852) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(6‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫َﻋِ ﱡﲇ ﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ راﺷﺪ اﳌﻮﻓﻖ َأ ُﺑﻮ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ اﻹﰊ‪859) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(7‬‬ ‫‪-7‬‬ ‫َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ا ِﷲ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻫﺎ ِﺷﻢ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ َﺤ ﱢ ّﲇ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒ ًﺔ ﻟﻠ َﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻠـ ِﺔ‬ ‫‪-8‬‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻜ ْ َﱪى‪ ،‬ﺑِ ِﻤ ْ َﴫ‪ 864) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(8‬‬ ‫أﺧﻮه َﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺎء‪َ ،‬ﺻﺎﻟِﺢ‪ 868) ،‬ﻫـ )‪. ((9‬‬ ‫َأ ُﺑﻮ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻓﺎء‪ ،‬إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ ُﻢ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱢﻗﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺮ ﱠﻗـ ِﺔ ﻣـﻦ أﻋـ َﲈل‬ ‫َﺣ َﻠﺐ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪﻳ ًﲈ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن)‪.(10‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ رﺳﻼن ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﲑ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌﺠﻴﻤﻲ)‪.(11‬‬ ‫‪َ -10‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﺪاء‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ُﻋ ْﺜ َﲈن ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﺤﺎق اﳌﻨﺎوي‪ ،‬اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪825) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(12‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(22/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﳊ ِﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(206‬وذﻳ ِﻞ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﳊﻔﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪.(250/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺮ َس اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﲏ‪.(676/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(113/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﻧﻈ ِﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪.(15‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﳉﻮاﻫ ِﺮ واﻟﺪرر‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪) ،‬ص‪ ،101‬و َﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(153/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(39/7) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(325‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(327/6) ،‬وﻧﻈ ِﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪ ،(119‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣـﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(312/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(16/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،(137/9) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(253/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(380/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪َ -11‬ﻋ َﻼ ُء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ا ِﳉ ْ ِﱪﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ‪ -‬ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ِﺟـ ْ ِﱪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﻔ ْﺴـ ُﺘ ِﻖ‬ ‫َﻇﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ َﺣ َﻠﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ْﴍﻗﻴﻬﺎ ‪ُ -‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ا َﳊ َﻠﺒِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ َﺧ ِﻄﻴ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ِﴏ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪843) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(1‬‬ ‫‪ِ -12‬ﺷ َﻬﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِس‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﺣ َﺴﲔ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺴﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ أرﺳﻼن ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﳍﻤﺰة‬ ‫ﻛ َﲈ ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻄ ِﻪ وﻗﺪ ﲢﺬف ِﰲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺬي َﻋ َﲆ اﻷﻟ ِﺴـﻨَﺔ – اﻟـ ﱠﺮ ْﻣِ ّﲇ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻳـﻞ َﺑ ْﻴـ ِﺖ اﳌَ ْﻘـ ِﺪ ِس‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ َر ْﺳ َﻼن‪844) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(2‬‬ ‫‪َ -13‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎس‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه َﻓ ِﻘﻴ َﻞ اﺑﻦ َﺷﺎﻓِﻊ َو ِﻗﻴ َﻞ اﺑﻦ َﻋﻄِ ﱠﻴﺔ ﺑـﻦ ﻗـﻴﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎب اﻷﻧﺼﺎري اﻟ ِﻔﻴ ِ ّﴚ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬ا َﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎ ِﳊ ﱠﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪848) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(3‬‬ ‫‪ -14‬ﻋ َﲈ ُد اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﺪاء‪ ،‬إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴ ُﻞ ﺑ ُﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ َ َﴍف ﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﴩف‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻘ ُﺪ ِ ّﳼ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫و ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺮ ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ َ َﴍ ٍف‪ ،‬ورﺑ َﲈ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َ َﴍف أو إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ َ َﴍف أو اﺑﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ﺑﻦ َ َﴍف‪852) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(4‬‬ ‫‪ -15‬زﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑـ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ ﺑـ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ ﺑـ ِﻦ َ ْﳛ َﻴـﻰ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻨ َﺪﺑﻴ ّﴘـ اﻷَ ْﺻـﻞ اﻟ َﻘـﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺴﻨْ َﺪﺑﻴ ّﴘ‪852) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(5‬‬ ‫‪ -16‬ﴎا ُج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ َﺣ ْﻔﺺ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ ﺑـ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜـﺎزروﲏ اﻷَ ْﺻـﻞ‪ ،‬ا َﳌـ َﺪ ِ ّﲏ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪865‬ﻫـ()‪.(6‬‬ ‫‪ِ -17‬ﺷ َﻬﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ﱠﺠﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴـﺒ ًﺔ ِﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠـ ٍﺔ ﻣـﻦ أورﻧـﺔ إِ ْﺣـ َﺪى َﻗﺒَﺎ ِﺋـﻞ اﻟ َ ْﱪ َﺑـﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِ ّﰊ‪ ،‬ا َﳌﺎ ِﻟ ِﻜ ّﻲ‪867) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(7‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈـ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘـﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ُﻠﻮ ِك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓـﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠـﻮك‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳـ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(1197/3/4) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠـﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫـ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐـ ِﺮي َﺑـ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(217/15‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(303/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(282/1) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(79‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(69/1) ،‬وﺷﺬرا ِت اﻟـﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ اﻟﻌـﲈد اﳊﻨـﺒﲇ‪ ،(398/7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌـﺔ دار‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(284/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﻨ ُﺠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(253/15) ،‬وﺑﻐﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﺎة ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻨﱡ َﺤـﺎة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴـ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(89/2‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(150/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(117/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(163/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪َ -18‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﳌﺤﺎﺳﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي اﻷَ َﺗﺎﺑِ ِﻜ ّﻲ‪874) ،‬ﻫـ ()‪ ،(1‬اﳌﺼ ﱢﻨ ُﻒ وا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢر ُخ اﳌَ ُﺸﻬﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -19‬ﻧﻮ ُر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻋِ ﱡﲇ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑـﻦ ُﺣ َﺴـﲔ‪ ،‬اﳌﺨﺰوﻣـﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘـﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﳊﻨﻔـﻲ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌـ ُﺮو ُف ﺑـﺎﺑﻦ اﻟﱪﻗـﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪875‬ﻫـ()‪.(2‬‬ ‫‪ِ -20‬ﻋ ﱡﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺰﻳ ِﺰ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻐ ﱠﻔﺎر ﺑـ ِﻦ وﺟﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱡﺘﻮ ُﻧ ِ ّﴘـ اﻷَ ْﺻـﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱡﺴـ ْﻨﺒَﺎﻃِ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ اﻟ َﻘـﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪،‬اﳌﻌﺮوفأو ًﻻﺑﺎﳌﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻨ َﺒﺎ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪879)،‬ﻫـ(‪،‬ﺳﻤﻊ َﻋ َﲆا َﳉ َﻼلاﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲﻣﺴﻨﺪاﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫‪َ -21‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِدر ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋـِ ﱢﲇ‪ ،‬اﳌﺤﻴـﻮي‪ ،‬اﻟ ّﻄـﻮ ِﺧ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘـﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌـ ُﺮو ُف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ّﻄﻮ ِﺧ ّﻲ‪880) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(4‬‬ ‫‪َ -22‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِس‪َ ،‬أ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأﺳﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻮا ِﺣ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ َأﺳﺪ‪ 882) ،‬ﻫـ )‪. ((5‬‬ ‫‪َ -23‬ﻧ ْﺠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟﺜﱠ َﻨﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺒْ ُﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪـﺪ ﺑـ ِﻦ َﻋـِ ﱢﲇ ﺑـ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤـﺪ‪ ،‬ا َﳊ َﺴـﻨ ّﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ّﻔـﺎ ِ ّﳼ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ﱢﻜـ ّﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫‪َ -24‬ﻋ َﻼ ُء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ ا َﳋ ْ ِﲑ‪َ ،‬ﻋِ ﱡﲇ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻌ َﻘ ْﻴِ ّﲇ اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﺮ ّي ا َﳌ ﱢﻜ ّﻲ ا َﳌﺎ ِﻟﻜِ ّﻲ‪882) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(7‬‬ ‫‪ُ -25‬ﺑ ْﺮ َﻫﺎ ُن اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ ُﻢ ﺑ ُﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِﻫﻴﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺻﺎﻟِﺢ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﱠﻴْﻨِـﻲ ‪ -‬ﺑﻔـﺘﺢ اﻟ ﱡﻨـﻮ ِن ا ُﳌ ّﺸـ ﱠﺪ َدة ُﺛـ ﱠﻢ َ ْﲢﺘَﺎﻧِﻴﱠـﺔ َﺳـﺎ ِﻛ َﻨﺔ‬ ‫َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻫﺎ ُﻧﻮن‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒ ًﺔ إِ َﱃ ﻟﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ أﻋ َﲈل ﻣﺮج ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ِد َﻣ ْﺸﻖ‪886) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(8‬‬ ‫‪ -26‬ﲠﺎء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأﺑِﻰ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋِ ﱢﲇ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒْﺪ ا ِﷲ‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﺸ َﻬ ِﺪ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻷَ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪889) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(9‬‬ ‫‪ُ -27‬ر ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ َﺧﻠِﻴ ِﻞ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺴ ِﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮدِ ّي اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﺳ ْﺒﻂ اﻟ ﱢﺸـ َﻬ َﺄ ِﰊ‬ ‫َأﺻﻠﻢ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ِﻬ ِﲑ ﺑِ ُﺴﻮ ِق اﻟ َﻐﻨَ ِﻢ؛ ﻷ ﱠن ُأ ﱠﻣﻪ َو ِﻫ َﻲ أﻟﻒ اﺑﻨﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﻬﺎ ِب َأ ْ َﲪﺪ اﻟ َﻔﺎر َﻗﺎ ِ ّﰊ‪ ،‬أﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﺮح‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻮن اﺑﻨﺔ أﺻﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﺬا ُﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬اﺑ ُﻦ أﺻﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺎ ُل ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬أﻳ ًﻀﺎ رﺑﻴ ُﺐ ا َﳉ َﻼل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﻟﻜﻮﻧِ ِﻪ َﻛﺎ َن َز ْو ًﺟـﺎ‬ ‫ﻷُ ﱢﻣﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘﺎ ُل َﻟﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ اﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻄﻮ ِب ﻟ َﺸ ْﻄ ٍﺐ َﻛﺎ َن ﺑِﻮﺟﻪ َواﻟِ ِﺪه)‪.(10‬‬ ‫‪ -28‬ﴎا ُج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ُ ،‬ﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻮر َوري‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻷَ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪.(11‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(305/10) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(904‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(10/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬دﻳﻮا ِن اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻐﺰي‪ ،(89/3) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(237/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(292/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(226/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(367/7) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(322/4) ،‬وﺷﺬرا ِت اﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ‬ ‫)‪(7‬ﻻاﺑْﻧﻦُﻈ ْاﺮﻟ َﺗِﻌ َْﺮﲈ َدَﲨ َاﺘﻪ َﳊﻨْ َﺒﰲِ ّ‪:‬ﲇا‪،‬ﻟ)ﱠﻀ‪ْ 7‬ﻮ‪ِ /‬ء‪7‬اﻟ ﱠ‪8‬ﻼ‪ِ 2‬ﻣ(ﻊ‪،‬ﻃﺒ ِﻟﻌﻠﺔﱠﺴداَﺨرﺎاِوﻟ ّﻜيﺘ‪) ،‬ﺐ ا‪6‬ﻟ‪/‬ﻌﻠ‪3‬ﻤ‪1‬ﻴﺔ(‪ ،.‬و َﺷﺬ َرا ِت اﻟـ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑـﻦ اﻟ ِﻌـ َﲈد ا َﳊ ْﻨـ َﺒِ ّﲇ‪ ،(481/7) ،‬ﻃﺒﻌـﺔ دار‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(121/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(179/7) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(702‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(84/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(112/6) ،‬وﻧﻈ ِﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(133) ،‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪َ -29‬ﻧﺎ ِ ُﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َو َﻟ ﱠﻘ َﺒﻪ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ ﻧﻮ َر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ ِﺢ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑ ْﻜﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﺒﻮ ِﺻـ ِﲑ ّي‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ُﺒﻮ ِﺻ ِﲑ ّي)‪.(1‬‬ ‫‪َ -30‬ﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ُ ،‬ﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ َﻋﺒْﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﺒَ ْﻜ ِﺮ ّي‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺎ َﳉ َﻼل اﻟ َﺒ ْﻜ ِﺮ ّى‪891) ،‬ﻫـ()‪.(2‬‬ ‫وﻧﺬﻛ ُﺮ ُﻫﻨَﺎ َأ ﱠن َو ِ ﱠﱄ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺮاﻗِ ّﻲ َﻗﺎ َل ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َﺷ ْﻴ َﺨﻨَﺎ ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم ِ َﴎا َج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُل ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َو َﻟ ِﺪي َأ َﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ َﺟ َﻼ َل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻳ ْﻨﺸ ُﺪ ﳌَﺎ ِﺟ ْﺌ َﻨﺎ ُﻧ َﻌ ﱢﺰي اﳌَﻠِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق)‪ (3‬ﺑِ َﻮ َﻟ ِﺪهِ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫وأﺟﺮ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺎ َت ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ أﻧـﺖ وﺗﺒﻘـﻰ‬ ‫أﻧــﺖ اﳌﻈﻔــﺮ ﺣ ًﻘــﺎ وﻟﻠﻤﻌــﺎﱄ ﺗﺮﻗــﻰ‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻮ ِ ﱡﱄ ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻠ ُﺖ ﻟَﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻧ ْﺮ ِوي َﻫ َﺬا َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻜﻢ َﻋ ْﻦ َوﻟَ ِﺪ ُﻛﻢ َﻓﻴ ُﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣ ْﻦ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ اﻵ َﺑﺎ َء َﻋ ْﻦ اﻷَ ْﺑﻨَﺎ ِء؟ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﺑِﻊ ‪َ :‬ﻣ َﻜﺎ َﻧ ُﺘ ُﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤﻴﱠﺔ َو ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﻨ َﻔﺎﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َن واﻟ ُﺪ ُه ﻳ َﻨ ﱢﻮ ُه ﺑﻪ ِﰲ اﳌَ َﺠﺎﻟِ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺤ ِﺴ ُﻦ َﲨِﻴ َﻊ َﻣﺎ َﻳﺮ ِد ُﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﳛ ﱢﺮ ُض اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻠﺒ َﺔ َﻋـ َﲆ اﻻﺷـﺘ َﻐﺎ ِل َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﴬﺗِ ِﻪ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ِة وﻏ ِﲑ ِﻫﻢ َو َﻗﺎ ِﺋ َﻊ؛ ﺑﻞ َﻛﺎ َن أﺑﻮه َأ ِذ َن ﻟﻪ ﺑِﺎ ِﻹ ْﻓ َﺘﺎ ِء واﻟﺘﱠ ْﺪ ِرﻳ ِﺲ َﻗ ِﺪﻳ َﲈ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪781‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ إﺟﺎ َزﺗِﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺑ َﺨ ﱢﻄ ِﻪ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧﻪ َر َأى ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﱪاﻋﺔ ِﰲ ﻓﻨﻮن ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ وأﺻﻮﻟﻪ واﻟﻔـﺮاﺋﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﳉﺪﻟﻴﺔ واﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ اﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ واﻷﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴـﺔ واﳌﻌـﺎﲏ اﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻧـﻪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﱪه ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ وأﺑﺤﺎث ﻣﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﻓﺄﺟﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫وﳑﱠﺎ ﻳﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﻌﺔ ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ وا ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِﻋ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َأ َﺣ َﺪ َﺗ َﻼ ِﻣﻴ ِﺬ ِه َو ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ِﻔ َﺪا ِء َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑـﻦ ُﻋـﺜْ َﲈن َﻛـﺎ َن ﳛ ُﴬـ دروس‬ ‫ا َﳉ َﻼ ِل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻜﺜ ُﺮ ا َﳉ َﻼ ُل َﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷَ ْﺑ َﺤﺎ ِث واﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘﻮ ِل‪ ،‬وﻳﻀ ﱡﺞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َذ ِﻟـﻚ ﺑﺤﻴـﺚ أداه إِ َﱃ َأ ْﺧـ ِﺬ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴـ َﺨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛﺎ َن ﻳﻄﺎﻟﻊ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ َﺧﺎ ِز ِن ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﳋﻄﲑي)‪ ،(5‬وا ْﺳﺘَ ْﻜﺘَ َﻤ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﻊ َﻫ َﺬا ﻓﻠﻢ َ ْﳜ َﻒ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒﻬﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ َﺪ َل ﻟﻨﻈ ِﺮ َﻏ ْ ِﲑه ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻛﺘُ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﳌَ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد ّﻳﺔ وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟَ ِﺰ َم َﻃ ِﺮﻳ َﻘﺘِ ِﻪ ِﰲ ا ُﳌﺒَﺎ َﺣﺜَ ِﺔ و َﻧ ْﺤ ِﻮ َﻫـﺎ َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺎ َر ا َﳉ َﻼل ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬أﻧﺖ ُﺗ َﻄﺎ ِﻟ ُﻊ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺰا َﻧ ِﺔ َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد‪ ،‬وأﻧﺎ أﺳﺘﻤ ﱡﺪ ِﻣ َﻦ ا َﳌ ِﻠ ِﻚ ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮد)‪.(6‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(296/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(284/7) ،‬واﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(736‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (3‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪ اﳉﺮﻛﴘ‪ ،‬واﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﻄﻨﺒﻐﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻲ ﺑ َ ْﱪ ُﻗﻮق ﻟﻨﺘﻮء ِﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻛﺄﳖ َﲈ اﻟ َ ْﱪ ُﻗﻮق‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪801‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ َر اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻟِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(196‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﻀﻮ ُء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪.(111/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻮ أﻳﺪﻣﺮ اﳋﻄﲑي‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﻟﻴﻚ أوﺣﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﲑ اﻟﺮوﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﱃ اﳌﻨﺼﻮر ﻗﻼوون‪ ،‬وإﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﳋﻄﲑي‬ ‫اﳋﻄﲑي ﺑﺒﻮﻻق‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪738‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺪرر اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪.(429/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(380/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫َﺑ َﺮ َع َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ ﻋ ﱠﺪ ِة ُﻋ ُﻠﻮم ﻛ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ واﻟ ُﺪه‪ ،‬و َذ َﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠ َﲈ ُء َﻛ َﲈ َﺳﻴَﺄ ِﰐ‪َ ،‬ﻧﺬﻛ ُﺮ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ َﻣـﺎ َو َﻗ ْﻔ َﻨـﺎ َﻋﻠﻴـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫وﺟ ِﻪ اﻻ ْﺧﺘِ َﺼﺎ ِر‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﺪ ﱡل َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻔﻨﱡﻨِﻪ ِﰲ َو ْﻗﺘِ ِﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫أو ًﻻ ‪ُ :‬ﻋ ُﻠﻮم اﻟ ُﻘﺮءا ِن َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ ‪:‬‬ ‫َد ﱠر َس ﺟﻼ ُل اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴ َﲑ ﺑﺎﻟ َ ْﱪ ُﻗﻮﻗﻴﺔ)‪َ ،(1‬و َﺟﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﺑ ِﻦ ُﻃﻮ ُﻟﻮن)‪َ ،(2‬و َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋﻴ َﺪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺘِﻪ ِﰲ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َﻳﻮ ِم‬ ‫ُ ْﲨ َﻌﺔ واﺑﺘﺪأ َذﻟِﻚ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺬي اﻧﺘﻬﻰ إﻟﻴﻪ أﺑﻮه‪ ،‬وﻗﻄـﻊ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ ‪æ å äã â á à :‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أﺳﺴﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫﺮ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق ﺑﲔ اﻟ َﻘ ْ َﴫﻳ ِﻦ اﺑﺘﺪاء ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋﺎ ِم ‪786‬ﻫـ إِ َﱃ َﻋﺎ ِم ‪788‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ا ْﻓ َﺘ َﺘ َﺤ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮ ُق ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻔﺎ ٍل ﻋﻈﻴ ٍﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺷ ِﻬ َﺪه ا ُﻷ َﻣ َﺮا ُء واﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺮا ُء واﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ُة‪ ،‬وﻣ ﱠﺪ ﳍﻢ َﻣﺎﺋﺪ ًة ﺣﺎﻓﻠ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َأ ْﺳـ َﻨ َﺪ َﻣ ْﺸـ َﻴ َﺨ َﺘ َﻬﺎ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼ َﻣـ ِﺔ َﻋـ َﻼء اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺴـ َﲑا ِﻣ ّﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﻣـ َﺪ ﱢر ِس‬ ‫ا َﳊ َﻨ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َر ﱠﺗ َﺐ ﲠﺎ درو ًﺳﺎ ِﰲ ا َﳌ َﺬا ِﻫ ِﺐ ا َﻷ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َد ْر ًﺳﺎ ِﰲ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ‪ ،‬و َد ْر ًﺳﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻘ َﺮاءات‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ :‬ﺟ َﺎﻋ ِﻣْ ٌﻊَﴫﻣ َﻮﺳ َﻼﺿﻌﻃِﻪ ﻳﲔﻌا َﳌﺮَﲈ ِﻟﻴف ﺑِﻚَﺠ‪َ ،‬ﺒﳌ ِﻞ َﺤﻳ ْﻤﺸﻮ ُﻜدﺮ‪،‬ﺳﺑﻠﻴﲔﻢ‪،‬ﺣ) ﱢ‪3‬ﻲ ا‪/‬ﻟ ﱠ‪7‬ﺴﻴ‪5‬ﺪ( ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‬ ‫إ ﱠن‬ ‫وﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻣ َﻜﺎن‬ ‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ َﻌ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َز ْﻳﻨَﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ‬ ‫)‪ُ (2‬ﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻼم ﻧﺎﺟﻰ رﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠ َﲈت‪ ،‬اﺑﺘﺪ َأ ِﰲ ﺑِﻨَﺎء َﻫ َﺬا ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻷَ ِﻣ ُﲑ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ِس َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻃﻮ ُﻟﻮن ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺑﻨـﺎ ِء اﻟﻘﻄـﺎ ِﺋ ِﻊ ِﰲ َﺳـﻨَﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث وﺳﺘﲔ و َﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻛﺎ َن َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻃﻮ ُﻟﻮن ﻳﺼ ّﲇ ا ُﳉ ْﻤ َﻌﺔ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ِﺪﻳ ِﻢ ا ُﳌ َﻼ ِﺻ ِﻖ ﻟﻠ ﱡ ْﴩ َﻃ ِﺔ ﻓﻠ ﱠﲈ َﺿﺎ َق َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﺑ َﻨﻰ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ َﻊ ا َﳉ ِﺪﻳ َﺪ ﳑﱠـﺎ أﻓـﺎ َء ا ُﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ ا َﳌﺎل اﻟﺬي َو َﺟ َﺪه َﻓﻮ َق ا َﳉ َﺒ ِﻞ ِﰲ اﳌﻮﺿ ِﻊ اﳌﻌﺮو ِف ﺑ َﺘ ﱡﻨﻮ ِر ﻓِﺮ َﻋ ْﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫و ُذ ِﻛﺮ أ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﺒ َﺐ ِﰲ ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺋ ِﻪ‪ ،‬أ ﱠن َأ ْﻫ َﻞ ِﻣ ْ َﴫ َﺷﻜﻮا إﻟﻴﻪ ِﺿﻴ َﻖ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ ﻳﻮ َم ا ُﳉ ْﻤ َﻌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺟ ْﻨ ِﺪه وﺳﻮداﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ا َﳌ ْﺴـ ِﺠ ِﺪ ا َﳉـﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﺠﺒِ ِﻞ َﻳ ْﺸ ُﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺑﺘﺪأ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﻪ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺛﻼث وﺳﺘﲔ و َﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬وﻓﺮ َغ ﻣﻨﻪ َﺳـﻨَﺔ ﲬـﺲ وﺳـﺘﲔ و َﻣـﺎﺋﺘﲔ وﻗﻴـﻞ إ ﱠن‬ ‫َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑ َﻦ ُﻃﻮ ُﻟﻮن َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬أرﻳ ُﺪ أ ْن أﺑﻨ َﻲ ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء‪ ،‬إن اﺣﱰ َﻗ ْﺖ ِﻣ ْ َﴫ َﺑ ِﻘﻲ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻏ َﺮ َﻗ ْﺖ َﺑ ِﻘﻲ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﻘﻴﻞ ﻟـﻪ ‪ُ :‬ﻳ ْﺒ َﻨـﻰ ﺑـﺎ ِﳉ ِﲑ َواﻟ ﱠﺮ َﻣـﺎ ِد واﻵ ُﺟـ ﱢﺮ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْ َﲪ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻘ ِﻮ ﱢي‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﱠﺎر إِ َﱃ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻓِﻴﻪ َأ َﺳﺎﻃﲔ ُر َﺧﺎم‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺻﱪ ﳍﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫َو ُﻳ َﻘﺎل إن َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮن َر َأى ِﰲ َﻣ َﻨﺎ ِﻣ ِﻪ َﻛ َﺄ ﱠن اﷲ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ ﻗﺪ َ َﲡ ﱠﲆ َو َو َﻗ َﻊ ُﻧﻮ ُر ُه َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳌ ِﺪﻳﻨَ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َﺣ ْﻮ َل ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ‪ ،‬إﻻ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣﻊ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘـ ُﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻨﻮ ِر َﳾء‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺄﱂ َو َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬وا ِﷲ َﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻴ ُﺘ ُﻪ إﻻ ﷲِ َﺧﺎﻟ ًﺼﺎ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ َﻦ ا َﳌﺎ ِل ا َﳊﻼ ِل اﻟﺬي ﻻ ُﺷ ْﺒ َﻬ َﺔ ﻓِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ﻟﻪ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱢ ٌﱪ َﺣـﺎ ِذ ٌق ‪َ :‬ﻫـ َﺬا‬ ‫ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ َﻳ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ َو َ ْﳜﺮ ُب ُﻛ ﱡﻞ َﻣﺎ َﺣ ْﻮ َﻟﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠن اﷲَ َﺗ َﻌـﺎ َﱃ َﻗـﺎ َل ‪) À ¿¾ ½ ¼ » :‬اﻷﻋـﺮاف‪ ،(143 ،‬ﻓﻜـ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﳾ ٍء ﻳﻘ ُﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻼ ُل ا ِﷲ َﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َﺟ ّﻞ ﻻ َﻳ ْﺜ ُﺒ ْﺖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺻ ﱠﺢ ﺗﻌﺒ ُﲑ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟ ﱡﺮؤﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن ﲨﻴ َﻊ َﻣﺎ ﺣﻮ َل ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ َﺧﺮ َب َدﻫ ًﺮا ﻃﻮﻳ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﺑﻘـﻲ‬ ‫ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ ﻋﺎﻣ ًﺮا‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻋﺎد ْت اﻟﻌ َﲈرة َﳌﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻛ َﲈ ﻫﻲ اﻵن‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﲏ ﻋﴩ اﳍﺠﺮي ‪ -‬اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﴩ اﳌﻴﻼدي ‪َ -‬ﻛﺎ َن َﻫ َﺬا اﳉﺎ ِﻣ ُﻊ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘﻌﻤ ُﻞ ﻛ َﻤ ْﺼ َﻨ ٍﻊ ﻟﻸ ْﺣ ِﺰ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺼﻮﻓِﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛـ َﲈ ا ْﺳـ ُﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ‬ ‫ِﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﻣ ِﻦ َﻋ َﴩ ﻣﻠﺠﺄ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﺰة‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ أﺗ ْﺖ ﳉﻨ ُﺔ ِﺣ ْﻔ ِﻆ اﻵﺛﺎ ِر اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪1882‬م‪ ،‬وأﺧﺬ ْت ِﰲ إﺻﻼ ِﺣ ِﻪ و َﺗ ْﺮﻣﻴ ِﻤ ِﻪ‪ ،‬إِ َﱃ أن َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪1918‬م ﺣـﲔ َأ َﻣـ َﺮ ا َﳌ ِﻠـ ُﻚ ُﻓـ َﺆا ُد‬ ‫اﻷَ ﱠول ﺑﺈﻋﺪا ِد ﻣﴩو ٍع ﻹﺻﻼ ِﺣ ِﻪ إﺻﻼ ًﺣﺎ ﺷﺎﻣ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﲣﻠﻴﺔ َﻣﺎ ﺣﻮ َﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷَ ْﺑﻨِ َﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬را ِﺻ ًﺪا ﻟ َﺬ ِﻟﻚ أرﺑﻌﲔ أﻟﻒ ﺟﻨﻴﻪ‪ ،‬أﻧﻔﻘﺖ ِﰲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳ ِﻢ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺪاﻋﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺋﻪ‪ ،‬وﲡﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ زﺧﺎرﻓﻪ إِ َﱃ أن أﻋﻴـﺪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤـﻪ واﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣـﻪ ِﰲ ﻋـﺎم ‪ ،2005‬ﻛﻮاﺣـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ‪ 38‬ﻣﺴـﺠﺪ ﺗـﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﴩو ِع اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة اﻟ ﱠﺘﺎرﳜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أﻋﻠﻨ ْﺖ وزارة اﻟ ﱠﺜﻘﺎﻓ ِﺔ أ ﱠن إﻋﺎد َة ﺗﺮﻣﻴ ِﻢ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ َﺗ ْﻜﻠِ َﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﲡﺎوزت ‪ 12‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺟﻨﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪ ،(265/2) ،‬و َﻋ ْ َﴫ َﺳ َﻼ ِﻃ ِﲔ ا َﳌ َﲈﻟِﻴ ِﻚ‪َ ،‬ﳌ ْﺤ ُﻤـﻮد ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،(33/3) ،‬وﻣﻮﻗـ َﻊ وﻳﻜﺒﻴـﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ اﳊﺮة َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟ َﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ‪.ar.m.wikipedia.org‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫‪) ،ì ë ê é èç‬ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ‪ ،(46 :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘـﺮاءة ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ِﰲ اﳌﻴﻌـﺎدِ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺴـ ِﲑ اﻟ َﺒ َﻐـ ِﻮ ّي‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻜ ُﺘ ُﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ﲨﻴﻊِ َذﻟِﻚ درو ًﺳﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة‪ ،‬وﻳﺒﺤﺚ ِﰲ ﻓﻨﻮن اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ ِﰲ ﻛﻼم َأ ِﰊ ﺣﻴﺎن واﻟ ﱠﺰ َ ْﳐ َ ِﴩ ّي‪ ،‬وﻳﺒـﺪي ِﰲ ﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻫﺶ اﳊﺎﴐﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا َد ﱠر َس ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺰاوﻳﺔ ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮو َﻓﺔ ﺑﺎ َﳋ ﱠﺸﺎﺑِ ﱠﻴﺔ)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ َﺟﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ َﻋ ْﻤﺮو‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻧﺰل ﻟﻪ واﻟـﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎ َﳋ ﱡﺮوﺑِ ﱠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(2‬وﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺘﻴﻠﻴﺔ)‪ (3‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ َو َﻓـﺎةِ َأﺑِﻴـﻪ وﺑﺎﻟﺒﺪﻳﺮﻳـ ِﺔ)‪ ،(4‬وﺑﺎﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ)‪ِ (5‬ﰲ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘـ ِﻪ أﻳﻀـ ًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺑ َﺠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ ُﻃﻮ ُﻟﻮن ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ ﺑﺮﻏﺒ ِﺔ َأﺑِﻴ ِﻪ َﻟﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎ َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ اﻷﳉﻴﻬﻴﺔ)‪ (6‬وا ِﳊ َﺠﺎ ِز ﱠﻳﺔ)‪ (7‬و َﺟﺎ ِﻣﻊ اﺑـﻦ ﻃﻮﻟـﻮن‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣ ِﻊ َﻋ ْﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِص ﺑِ ِﻤ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺴ ُﺐ إِ َﱃ ﳎﺪ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱡﺮو ِح‪ِ ،‬ﻋﻴ َﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤـﺮ ﺑـﻦ َﺧﺎﻟـﺪ ﺑـﻦ َﻋ ْﺒـ ِﺪ‬ ‫ا ُﳌ ْﺤ ِﺴﻦ ا َﳌ ْﺨ ُﺰو ِﻣ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻌ ُﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑ ِﻦ ا َﳋ ﱠﺸﺎب‪َ ،‬د ﱠر َس ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﺑﺎ َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟ َﻌﺘِﻴ ِﻖ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﺑـﻦ ﺑﻨـﺖ ا ُﳉ ﱠﻤ ْﻴـ ِﺰ ّي دﻫـ ًﺮا ﻃـﻮﻳ ًﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎر ْت ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺮ ُف ﺑﺎ َﳋ ﱠﺸﺎﺑِ ﱠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺷ ُﺘ ِﻬ َﺮ ْت ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ َك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي‪ ،(814/2/3) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪ َر َر اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﻣﻨَﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(242/4) ،‬وا َﳌﻨْ َﻬـ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼـﺎ ِﰲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(301/7) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(720/8) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑ َﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ َﻣ ِﺪﻳ َﻨ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْﴫ ِ َﲡﺎه اﳌﻘﻴﺎ ِس ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻂ ﻛﺮ ّﳼ اﳉﴪ‪ ،‬أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ ﻛﺒ ُﲑ ا َﳋﺮارﺑﻴﺔ َﺑ ْﺪ ُر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ ا َﳋ ﱡﺮو ِ ّﰊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ا َﳋﺎء ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤ ِﺔ و َﺗ ْﺸ ِﺪﻳ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِء ا ُﳌ ْﻬ َﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ َو َﺿ ﱢﻤﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎء ﻣﻮﺣﺪة ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳﺎء آﺧﺮ اﳊﺮوف‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺘﺎ ِﺟﺮ ِﰲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑ ِﺦ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻜ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ َﺳﻨَﺔ َ ْﲬ ِﺴﲔ َوﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌ َﻞ ﻣﺪ ّر َس اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ﲠﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ َﺦ ﲠﺎء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲِ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬واﳌﻌﻴﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ‬ ‫ِ َﴎاج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬و َ َﴍ َط َﺑ ْﺪ ُر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ِﰲ ﻣﺪرﺳﺘﻪ أن ﻻ َﻳِ َﲇ ﲠﺎ أﺣ ٌﺪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ َوﻇِﻴ َﻔ ًﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻮ َﻇﺎ ِﺋ ِﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل ِﰲ ﻛﻞ وﻇﻴﻔ ٍﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ :‬وﻳﻜﻮ ُن ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِب دون اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎك َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ َﺘﺎ ِن ُأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﻳ َﺘﺎن ُﻳ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ َﻋﻠﻴﻬ َﲈ ا َﳋ ﱡﺮوﺑِ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻨ ّﻲ َأ ِﺧﻴﻪ ﺗـﺎ ُج‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬وﻋﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺴ ﱠﻤ َﻴﺎ ِن ﺑ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤﺪ اﺑﻨﻲ َﺻ َﻼح اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋِ ّﲇ اﳋﺮو ّﰊ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪.(370/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺴﺨﺎوي ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺠﻮا ِر ﺑﺎ ِب ﱢﴎ ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊ ّﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺠ ِﻤ ﱠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُ ْﲨ َﻠ ِﺔ ُﺗ ْﺮ َﺑـﺔ اﻟ َﻘ ْ ِﴫـ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻨـ َﺒ َﺶ َﺷـ ْﺨ ٌﺺ ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠـﺎ ِس‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺮ ُف ﺑﻨﺎ ِ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﺮ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ّﳼ َﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ُﻗ ُﺒﻮ ِر ا ُﳋ َﻠ َﻔﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻧ َﺸ َﺄ َﻫـ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳـﺔ ِﰲ َﺳـﻨَﺔ ﺛـ َﲈن وﲬﺴـﲔ‬ ‫وﺳﺒﻌ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ َد ْر َس ﻓِ ْﻘ ٍﻪ ﻟﻠ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎ ِء اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬د ﱠر َس ﻓِﻴﻪ َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم ِ َﴎاج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺻﻐﲑ ٌة ﻻ َﻳ َﻜﺎ ُد َﻳ ْﺼ َﻌ ُﺪ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ َأ َﺣ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎ ّﳼ َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻄﺮف اﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﻳ َﻘﺎل ﳍﺎ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ِﰲ َﻣ ِﺪﻳ َﻨـﺔ ﺑﻠﺒـﻴﺲ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻼﺷﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ َﻣﺎ َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ًة َﻣﻠِﻴ َﺤ ًﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪.(293/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺨﻂ اﳌﺸﻬﺪ ا ُﳊ َﺴﻴﻨ ﱠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻷﻣﲑ اﳊﺎج ﺳﻴﻒ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ آل ﻣﻠﻚ اﳉﻮﻛﻨﺪار ﲡـﺎه داره‪ ،‬وﻋﻤـﻞ ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫درﺳ ًﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺰاﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺘـﱪة‪ ،‬وﺟﻌـﻞ ﳍـﺎ ﻋـﺪة أوﻗـﺎف‪ ،‬وﺑﻘﻴـﺖ ﻟﻔـﱰ ٍة ﻃﻮﻳﻠـ ٍﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﳌـﺪارس اﳌﺸـﻬﻮر ِة‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ رﺣﺒﺔ ﻗﴫ اﻟﺸﻮك‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺻﺎر ﻣﻮﺿﻊ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ دار ًا ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺪار اﺑﻦ ﻛﺮﻣﻮن ﺻﻬﺮ اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻆ َواﻻ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰي‪.(392/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﳍﺎ ذﻛﺮ ِﰲ ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴ ِﺢ اﳌﻘﺎﺻﺪ واﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﴩح أﻟ ِﻔﻴﺔ اﺑﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،(89/1) ،‬و َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑـﻦ‬ ‫َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،(39/4) ،‬وإِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ِء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪ ،(88/3) ،‬واﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(213/6) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺮﺣﺒﺔ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﺑﺠﻮار ﻗﴫ اﳊﺠﺎزﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺑـﻮاب اﻟﻘﴫـ ُﻳﻌـﺮف ﺑﺒـﺎب اﻟﺰﻣـﺮد‪،‬‬ ‫أﻧﺸﺄﲥﺎ َﺧ َﻮ ْﻧﺪ ﺗﱰ اﳊﺠﺎزﻳﺔ‪ ،‬اﺑﻨﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻼون‪ ،‬زوﺟﺔ اﻷﻣﲑ ﺑﻜﺘﻤﺮ اﳊﺠﺎز ّي‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﺟ َﻌ َﻠ ْﺖ ﺧﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﱰ َﲠ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ در ًﺳﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻗ ﱠﺮ َر ْت ﻓِﻴﻪ َﺷ ْﻴ َﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم ِ َﴎاج اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ودر ًﺳـﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬـﺎء‬ ‫ا َﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻠ ْﺖ ﲠﺎ ﻣﻨﱪ ًا ُ ْﳜ َﻄ ُﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮم ا ُﳉ ْﻤ َﻌﺔ‪ ،‬و َر ﱠﺗﺒ ْﺖ ﳍﺎ إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ راﺗ ًﺒﺎ ﻳﻘـﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺎس اﻟﺼـﻠﻮات اﳋﻤـﺲ‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻠـ ْﺖ ﲠـﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ ،‬و َأ ْﻧ َﺸ َﺄ ْت ﺑﺠﻮارﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َر ﱠﺗ َﺒ ْﺖ ﺑﺸﺒﺎك َﻫـ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﻘﺒـﺔ ﻋـﺪة ﻗـ ّﺮاء ﻳﺘﻨـﺎوﺑﻮن ﻗـﺮاءة اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻟﻴ ًﻼ وﳖﺎ ًرا‪ ،‬وأﻧﺸﺄت ﲠﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ ًرا ﻋﺎﻟ ًﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺎرة ﻟ ُﻴ َﺆ ﱠذ َن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻠ ْﺖ ﺑﺠﻮار ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒ ًﺎ ﻟﻠﺴـﺒﻴﻞ ﻓِﻴـﻪ ﻋـﺪة ﻣـﻦ =‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻷَ ْ َﴍﻓِ ﱠﻴﺔ)‪ِ (1‬ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺔ اﳊﺠﺎزﻳـﺔ واﳌﻴﻌـﺎد ﲠـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻞ َذﻟِـﻚ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣـﻮت أﺧﻴـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﳉ َﲈﻟﻴﺔ)‪ (2‬اﳌُ ْﻤ َﺘ ِﺠﺪة ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳ ِﺮ َواﻗِ ِﻔ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻋ َﻤﻞ ِﰲ ﻛ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺰا ِو َﻳـﺔ ا َﳋ ﱠﺸـﺎﺑِﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺬا ِﰲ اﳌُﺆ ﱠﻳ ِﺪ ﱠﻳـﺔ)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺗﱪ ًﻋﺎ إﺟﻼ ًﺳﺎ ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻼ؛ ﺑﻞ َو ِ َﱄ َﺗ ْﺪ ِرﻳ َﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱠﻴﺔ اﻟ ﱠﱪاﻧِ ﱠﻴﺔ)‪ (4‬ﺑ ِﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺼ ِﺪﻳ ِﺮ ﺑﺠﺎ ِﻣ ِﻌ َﻬﺎ اﻷُﻣﻮ ّي‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ُب \" َﻣ َﻮا ِﻗﻊ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِم ﰲ َﻣ َﻮا ِﻗ ِﻊ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺠﻮ ِم\")‪َ ،(5‬ﻗـﺎ َل اﻟ ّﺴـ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ا ِﻹ ْﺗ َﻘـﺎ ِن ‪\" :‬ﻓﺮأﻳ ُﺘـ ُﻪ ﺗﺄﻟﻴ ًﻔـﺎ ﻟﻄﻴ ًﻔـﺎ‬ ‫وﳎﻤﻮ ًﻋﺎ َﻇ ِﺮﻳ ًﻔﺎ ذا َﺗ ْﺮﺗِﻴ ٍﺐ‪ ،‬و َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ٍﺮ َو َﺗ ْﻨ ِﻮﻳ ٍﻊ َو َ ْﲢﺒ ٍﲑ)‪َ ،(6‬و َﻗﺎ َل ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧﻪ ﱂ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺒ ْﻖ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﳌَ ْﺮ َﺗ َﺒﺔ)‪.(7‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳉ َﻼ ُل ِﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘِ ِﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫\"ﻗﺪ ا ْﺷ ُﺘ ِﻬ َﺮ ﻋﻦ ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ َر ِ َﴈ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ُ َﳐﺎ َﻃ َﺒﺔ ﻟِ َﺒ ْﻌ ِﺾ ُﺧ َﻠ َﻔـﺎء َﺑﻨِـﻲ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒـﺎس‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ذﻛـ ُﺮ ﺑﻌـ ِﺾ َأ ْﻧـﻮا ِع‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘﺮءان‪ ،‬ﳛﺼﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ﳌﻘﺼﺪﻧﺎ اﻻ ْﻗﺘِ َﺒﺎ ُس‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺻ ﱠﻨ َﻒ ِﰲ ُﻋﻠﻮ ِم اﳊـﺪﻳ ِﺚ َﲨﺎﻋـ ٌﺔ ِﰲ اﻟﻘـﺪﻳ ِﻢ واﳊـﺪﻳ ِﺚ‪ ،‬وﺗﻠـﻚ‬ ‫=أﻳﺘﺎم اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬وﳍﻢ ﻣﺆ ّدب ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑ َذﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬وﺻﺎرت َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﺳﺠ ًﻨﺎ ﱠﳌـﺎ وﱄ اﻷﻣـﲑ َﲨـﺎل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺎ ّﳼ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ إﺳﺘﺎدارﻳﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠ َﻄﺎن اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ِﴏ َﻓ َﺮج ﺑﻦ َﺑ ْﺮ ُﻗﻮق‪ ،‬واﻗﺘﺪى ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﻮاﻋ َﻆ واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‪ ،(382/2) ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺴﻠﻮ َك ﳌﻌﺮﻓ ِﺔ دو ِل ا ُﳌﻠﻮك‪ ،(748/3/2) ،‬ﻛﻼ َﳘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺠﻮا ِر ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ َﻌ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِﻗ ّﻲ ﻏﺮﰊ اﻟﻌﴫوﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺷ َﲈﱄ اﻟﻘﻴ َﲈزﻳﺔ اﳊﻨ ِﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﻛﺎ َﻧـ ْﺖ دا ُر ا َْﳊـ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ اﻷﴍﻓِﻴـﺔ دا ًرا‬ ‫َﳍ َﺬا اﻷﻣﲑ‪ ،‬ﻳ َﻌﻨﻲ ﺻﺎرم اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻳ َﲈز ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ واﻗﻒ اﻟﻘﻴ َﲈزﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ﲠﺎ َﲪﺎم ﻓﺎﺷﱰى َذﻟِـﻚ ا َﳌ ِﻠـ ُﻚ اﻷَ ْ َﴍ ُف ُﻣ َﻈ ﱠﻔـﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُﻣﻮ َﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ اﻟ َﻌﺎ ِدل‪ ،‬وﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ دا َر َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺚ و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َب اﳊ ﱠﲈم‪ ،‬وﺑﻨﺎه ﺳـﻜﻨًﺎ ِﻟﻠ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ ِﺦ ا ُﳌـ َﺪ ﱢر ِس ﲠـﺎ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ اﻟﻌـﺎم ‪630‬ﻫــ ُﻓﺘِ َﺤـ ْﺖ‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻣ َﲆ ﲠﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴ ُﺦ اﺑ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ ِح‪َ ،‬و َو َﻗ َﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ا َﳌ ِﻠ ُﻚ ا َﻷ ْ َﴍ ُف اﻷَوﻗﺎ َف‪َ ،‬و َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ِ َﲠﺎ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ّﻲ َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ُﷲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺪا ِر ُس ِﰲ َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ ا َﳌ َﺪا ِر ِس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱡ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪.(15/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﻗﺎ َل اﻟﻨﻌﻴﻤﻲ ِﰲ اﻟﺪارس‪\" : (374/1) ،‬واﻗﻔﻬﺎ اﻷﻣﲑ َﲨﺎل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُﻳﻮ ُﺳﻒ‪ ،‬وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻟﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ وﻗﻔﺖ ﳍﺎ َﻋ َﲆ وﻗﻒ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﳌﻘﺮﻳﺰي اﳌﺘﻘﺪم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﻬﺎ ِﰲ اﳌﻮاﻋﻆ واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‪ ،(392/2) ،‬إِ َﱃ َﻋ َﻼء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎي اﳉ َﲈﱄ اﳌﻠﻘـﺐ ﺑﺨـﺮز اﻟـﻮزﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪730‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ًﺔ ﻟﻠ َﺤﻨَ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﻧﻘﺎه ﻟﻠ ﱡﺼﻮﻓِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﳌﻘﺮﻳﺰ ﱡي أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪َ :‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﺷﺄ ُن َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﻛﺒﲑ ًا ﻳﺴﻜ ُﻨ َﻬﺎ َأ َﻛﺎﺑِ َﺮ ُﻓ َﻘ َﻬﺎء ا َﳊ َﻨ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﺗ َﻌ ﱡﺪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ َﺟ ﱢﻞ َﻣ َﺪا ِر ِس اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪َ ،‬و َﳍـﺎ ِﻋـ ّﺪة‬ ‫َأ ْو َﻗﺎف ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة وﻇﻮاﻫﺮﻫﺎ و ِﰲ اﻟﺒِ َﻼد اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺗ َﻼ َﺷﻰ َأ ْﻣ ُﺮ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا َﳌ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ ﻟﺴﻮ ِء ُو َﻻ ِة َأ ْﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﲣـﺮﻳﺒِ ِﻬﻢ َأ ْو َﻗﺎﻓﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬و َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻄـ َﻞ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ﺣﻀﻮ ُر اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْر ِس واﻟ ﱠﺘﺼ ّﻮف‪ ،‬و َﺻﺎ َر ْت َﻣ ْﻨ ِﺰ ًﻻ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨُ ُﻪ َأ ْﺧ َﻼط ِﳑﱠ ْﻦ ُﻳ ْﻨ َﺴﺐ إِ َﱃ اﺳﻢ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻗ ْﺮ ِب ا َﳋ َﺮاب ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪرﺳ ٌﺔ أﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ اﻷﻣﲑ اﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺦ‪ ،‬داﺧﻞ ﺑﺎب زوﻳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻋﲈرﲥﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪819‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬وﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪821‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬رﻓ َﻊ اﻹﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(242‬وﺣﺴ َﻦ اﳌﺤﺎﴐة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‪.(272/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪرﺳ ٌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪ :‬ﺑ َﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﻮﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬أﻧﺸﺄﲥﺎ ﺳﺖ اﻟﺸﺎم اﺑﻨﺔ ﻧﺠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﻳﻮب ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎدي ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮوان أﺧـﺖ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺎﴏ ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ أﻛﱪ اﳌﺪارس وأﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻬﺎء وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ أوﻗﺎ ًﻓﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺪاﻳ َﺔ واﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،(422/12) ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺪا ِر َس ِﰲ َﺗﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺦ ا َﳌ َﺪا ِر ِس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﱡ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻤ ّﻲ‪.(208/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻃﺒﻌﺘﻪ دار اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﱰاث ﺑﻄﻨﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﻧﻮر َ ْﳏ ُﻤﻮد ﺧﻄﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺆاد ﻋﺒـﺪ رﺑـﻪ إﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺪرس اﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ أﺻﻮل اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻄﻨﻄﺎ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷزﻫﺮ اﻟﴩﻳﻒ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫وﻧﺎل ﺑﻪ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراة ﻋﺎم ‪1426‬ﻫـ‪2005 ،‬م‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ا ِﻹ ْﺗ َﻘﺎ ُن ِﰲ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮءا ِن‪.(6/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬اﳌﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.(8/1) ،‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫اﻷﻧﻮا ُع ِﰲ َﺳﻨَ ِﺪ ِه دو َن َﻣ ْﺘﻨِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨِ ِﺪﻳ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وأﻫﻞ َﻓﻨﱢ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻮا ُع اﻟﻘﺮءان ﺷﺎﻣﻠ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻮ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﻛﺎ ِﻣ َﻠ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺄردت أن أذﻛـﺮ‬ ‫ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ َﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ إِ َﱃ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﳑﱠﺎ ﺣﻮاه اﻟﻘﺮءا ُن اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ُﻒ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻧﻮا ِع ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ اﳌُﻨِﻴ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨﺤ ُﴫ ِﰲ أﻣﻮر ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪ :‬ﻣﻮاﻃﻦ اﻟﻨﺰول وأوﻗﺎﺗﻪ ووﻗﺎﺋﻌﻪ و ِﰲ َذﻟِﻚ اﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﴩ ﻧﻮ ًﻋﺎ ‪ :‬اﳌَ ﱢﻜ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬ا َﳌـ َﺪ ﱡﲏ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺴـﻔﺮ ﱡي‪ ،‬ا َﳊ َ ِﴬـ ﱡي‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴ ﱡﲇ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻨﻬﺎر ﱡي‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻴﻔ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺸﺘﺎﺋ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟ ِﻔﺮا ﱡﳾ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻨﻮﻣ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬أﺳﺒﺎ ُب اﻟﻨﱡﺰو ِل‪ ،‬أول َﻣﺎ ﻧﺰل آﺧﺮ َﻣﺎ ﻧﺰل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﲏ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺴﻨﺪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺳﺘ ُﺔ َأ ْﻧﻮاع ‪ :‬اﳌُ َﺘ َﻮاﺗِ ُﺮ‪ ،‬اﻵ َﺣﺎ ُد‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ﱡذ‪ ،‬ﻗِ َﺮاءات اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻـﲆ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ وﺳـﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟـ ﱡﺮوا ُة‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊﻔﺎ ُظ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟِ ُﺚ ‪ :‬اﻷدا ُء‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺳﺘ ُﺔ َأ ْﻧﻮاع ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ُﻒ‪ ،‬اﻻ ْﺑﺘِ َﺪا ُء‪ ،‬ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ﱡﺪ‪ْ َ ،‬ﲣ ِﻔﻴ ُﻒ ا َﳍ ْﻤ َﺰ ِة‪ ،‬ا ِﻹ ْد َﻏﺎ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ ‪ :‬اﻷﻟﻔﺎ ُظ ‪َ :‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﻧﻮاع ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻐ ِﺮﻳ ُﺐ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺮ ُب‪ ،‬اﳌَ َﺠﺎ ُز‪ ،‬اﳌُ ْﺸ َ َﱰ ُك‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ َ َﱰا َد ُف‪ ،‬اﻻ ْﺳﺘِ َﻌﺎ َر ُة‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺸﺒِﻴ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ ا َﳋﺎ ِﻣ ُﺲ ‪ :‬اﳌَ َﻌـﺎﲏ اﳌُ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘـ ُﺔ ﺑِﺎﻷ ْﺣ َﻜـﺎ ِم ‪َ :‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌـ ُﺔ َﻋ َﴩـ َﻧ ْﻮ ًﻋـﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌـﺎ ﱡم اﻟ َﺒـﺎ ِﻗﻲ َﻋـ َﲆ ُﻋ ُﻤﻮ ِﻣـ ِﻪ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻌـﺎ ﱡم‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﺨ ُﺼﻮ ُص‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻌﺎ ﱡم اﻟﺬي ُأ ِرﻳ َﺪ ﺑِ ِﻪ ا ُﳋ ُﺼﻮ ُص‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﺧ ﱠﺺ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﺧ ﱠﺼ َﺼ ْﺖ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺴـﻨﱠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ َب‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ ْﺠ َﻤ ُﻞ‪ ،‬اﳌُ َﺒ ﱠﲔ‪ ،‬اﳌُ َﺆ ﱠو ُل‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﻔ ُﻬﻮ ُم‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ‪ ،‬اﳌُ َﻘ ﱠﻴ ُﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِﺳـ ُﺦ َوا َﳌ ْﻨ ُﺴـﻮ ُخ‪َ ،‬ﻧـ ْﻮ ٌع ِﻣـ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﺳـ ِﺦ‬ ‫وا َﳌ ْﻨ ُﺴﻮ ِخ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ﺑِ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم ُﻣ ﱠﺪ ًة ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَ ًﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻌﺎ ِﻣ ُﻞ ﺑِ ِﻪ َوا ِﺣ ٌﺪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌُ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻔﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻣ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِد ُس ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻌﺎ ِ ﱡﲏ اﳌُ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠﻘ ُﺔ ﺑِﺎﻷَ ْﻟ َﻔﺎ ِظ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َ ْﲬ َﺴ ُﺔ َأ ْﻧﻮا ٍع ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ُﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻮ ْﺻ ُﻞ‪ ،‬ا ِﻹ َﳚﺎ ُز‪ ،‬ا ِﻹ ْﻃ َﻨﺎ ُب‪ ،‬اﻟ َﻘ ْ ُﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑ َﺬﻟِﻚ َﺗ َﻜ ﱠﻤ َﻠ ِﺖ اﻷَ ْﻧ َﻮا ُع ﲬﺴ َﲔ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﻧ َﻮا ِع َﻣﺎ ﻻ َﻳ ْﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ َ ْﲢ َﺖ ا َﳊ ْ ِﴫ ‪ :‬اﻷَ ْﺳ َﲈ ُء‪ ،‬اﻟ ُﻜ َﻨﻰ‪ ،‬اﻷَ ْﻟ َﻘـﺎ ُب‪،‬‬ ‫اﳌُ ْﺒ َﻬ َﲈ ُت‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ِﳖَﺎﻳﺔ َﻣﺎ َﺣ َ َﴫ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﻧ َﻮا ِع‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﺗ َﻜ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ِﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮع ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻼ ٍم ُﳐﺘ ٍﴫـ‪َ ،‬ﻗـﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺴـﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ ‪ :‬إ ﱠﻧـﻪ ﳛﺘـﺎ ُج إِ َﱃ ﲢﺮﻳـ ٍﺮ وﺗـﺘ ﱠﲈ ِت‪ ،‬وزواﺋـﺪ‬ ‫ُﻣﻬ ﱠﲈ ٍت‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻨﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ ِﰲ َذﻟِﻚ ﻛﺘﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﺳ ﱠﲈه ‪\" :‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤﺒِﲑ ِﰲ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ\" َﺿ ﱠﻤ َﻨ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ وأﺿﺎ َف إﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻟﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ َﳖْﺮ ا َﳊ َﻴﺎةِ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ِﻹ ْﺗ َﻘﺎ ُن ِﰲ ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِم اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮءا ِن‪.(7/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻴ َﲈﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ورﻗﻤﻪ ‪َ ،91‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑﺨﻂ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﺒﻪ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪ 789‬ﻫـ‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ َو ُﻋ ُﻠﻮ ِﻣ ِﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳌَﺎ َﺻﺎ َر َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َ ْﳛ ُ ُﴬ ﻟِ َﺴ َﲈ ِع اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻛﺎ َن ُﻳ ْﺪ ِﻣ ُﻦ ُﻣ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌﺔ َ ْﴍ ِﺣ ِﻪ ﻟِﻠ ﱢ َﴪا ِج اﺑﻦ اﳌُ َﻠ ﱢﻘﻦ)‪،(1‬‬ ‫َو ُﳛِ ﱡﺐ اﻻ ﱢﻃ َﻼع َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ ِﺔ َأ ْﺳ َﲈ ِء َﻣ ْﻦ ُأ ْﲠِ َﻢ ِﰲ ا َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ َواة‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ﺟﺮى ذﻛﺮه ِﰲ اﻟ َﺼ ِﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺤ ﱠﺼ َﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َذﻟِﻚ ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻛﺜ ًﲑا ﺑﺈد َﻣﺎن اﳌﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ واﳌﺮاﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﻟﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ٌت ﻧﻔﻴﺴﺎ ٌت‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪َ :‬ﺑ َﻴﺎن َﻣـﺎ َو َﻗـ َﻊ ﻓِﻴـ ِﻪ ِﻣـ َﻦ اﳌُـ ْﺒ َﻬ َﲈت‪ ،‬وﻛﺘـﺎب‬ ‫\"اﻹ ْﻓ َﻬﺎ ُم ﳌَﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي ﻣﻦ ا ِﻹ ْ َﲠﺎم\")‪َ ،(3‬ذ َﻛ َﺮ ﻓِﻴﻪ َﻓ ْﺼ ًﻼ ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑ َﲈ اﺳﺘﻔﺎ َده ﻣﻦ ُﻣ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌﺘِ ِﻪ زاﺋ ًﺪا َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ َﺣ ﱠﺼ َﻠﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘ ِﺐ ا ُﳌ َﺼ ﱠﻨ َﻔ ِﺔ ِﰲ ا ُﳌ ْﺒ َﻬ َﲈ ِت َواﻟ ﱡ ُﴩو ِح‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﺷﻴ ًﺌﺎ ﻛﺜ ًﲑا‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ \"ا َﳋ َﺼﺎﺋِ ُﺺ اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺒ ِﻮ ﱠﻳـﺔ\"‪ ،‬ﺑِ ُﻌﻨْـ َﻮان ‪\" :‬ا ِﻹ ْﺑ ِﺮﻳـ ُﺰ‬ ‫ا َﳋﺎﻟِ ُﺺ َﻋ ْﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀﺔ ِﰲ إِ ْﺑﺮا ِز َﺧ َﺼﺎﺋِ ِﺺ اﳌُ ْﺼ َﻄ َﻔﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿ ِﺔ\")‪.(4‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﻧ َﺴ َﺐ ﻟﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ﱡﲇ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ َب ُﻣ َﻨﺎ َﺳ َﺒﺎت َأ ْﺑ َﻮاب َﺗ َﺮاﺟﻢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي)‪َ ،(5‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻟﻮاﻟﺪه‪ ،‬وﺳـﻴﺄﰐ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴـﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َذﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ َﺘ َﺄ ﱠﺳ ُﻒ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ َﻓﺎ َﺗ ُﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻻ ْﺷﺘِ َﻐﺎ ِل ِﰲ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ‪ ،‬وﻳﺮﻏ ُﺐ ِﰲ اﻻزدﻳﺎدِ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ﺑِ َﺨ ﱢﻄ ِﻪ َﻓ ْﺼ ًﻼ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِﺎﳌُ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ِﻖ ﻣﻦ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ِﺔ َﻓ ْﺘ ِﺢ اﻟ َﺒﺎ ِر ّي‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َﺑ َﻠ ُﻪ َﻣ ِﻌ َﻲ ﺑِ ِﻘ َﺮاءﺗِ ِﻪ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺠﺎﺑِ ِﻪ ﺑِ ِﻪ\")‪.(6‬‬ ‫و َﻧ ْﺤ َﻮه َﻗ ْﻮﻟﻪ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﻤﻪ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻛﺎ َن ُﳛِ ﱡﺐ ُﻓ ُﻨﻮ َن ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ َ َﳏ ﱠﺒ ًﺔ ُﻣ ْﻔ ِﺮ َﻃ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺄﺳ ُﻒ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ َﺿ ﱠﻴ َﻊ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﳛ ﱡﺐ‬ ‫أن ﻳﺸﺘﻐ َﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻻزﻣ ُﺘﻪ ﻛﺜ ًﲑا‪ ،‬وﻛﺘ َﺐ َﻋﻨﱢﻲ ﻛﺜ ًﲑا ﻣﻦ ُﻣ َﻘ ﱢﺪ َﻣـ ِﺔ َ ْﴍ ِح اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬وﻏـﲑ َذﻟِـﻚ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺋـﺪ‬ ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ\")‪.(7‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﺳﻤﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻟﴩح اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ﰲ أوﻟـﻪ‪\" : (9/2) ،‬ﻓﻬـﺬه ُﻧ َﺒـ ٌﺬ ﻣﻬ ﱠﻤـ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟـﻮاﻫ ُﺮ ﱠﲨـ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬أرﺟـﻮ ﻧﻔﻌﻬـﺎ‬ ‫وذﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﺟﺰﻳﻞ ﺛﻮاﲠﺎ وأﺟﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻹﻣﺎم أﻣﲑ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺳـﲈﻋﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺨـﺎري‪ ،\"...،‬ﺛـﻢ ذﻛـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮد ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﴩح‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻋﴩة أﻗﺴﺎم‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ )‪.(10/2‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺧﺮج ﳏ ﱠﻘ ًﻘﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺘ ٍﺔ وﻋﴩﻳﻦ ﳎﻠ ًﺪا‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣ َﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﳛﺘﻮي َﻋ َﲆ َﺑ َﻴﺎ ِن اﻷﺳ َﲈء ا ُﳌ ْﺒ َﻬ َﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ِﰲ َﺻـ ِﺤﻴﺢ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨـﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻌﺘـﻪ دار اﻟﻨـﻮادر‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﳉﻨـ ٍﺔ ُ ْﳐ َﺘ ﱠﺼـ ٍﺔ ِﻣـ َﻦ ا ُﳌﺤﻘﻘـﲔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﴍاف ﻧﻮر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (4‬ﻫ َﻮ ﳐﻄﻮط ِﰲ اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ،‬ﻋﺪد أوراﻗﻪ ‪53‬ق‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﺎ أﻟﻒ ﻋﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﺻﲆ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﺼﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﳌﻨﺠﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪.(187‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻷﻋﻼ ُم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺰرﻛﲇ‪.(320/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬رﻓ ُﻊ اﻹﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪.(111‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﺠ َﻢ اﳌﺆﺳﺲ‪ِ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ‪.(155/3) ،‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫و َﺧ ﱠﺮ َج ﻟﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻋ ْﻦ ﺷﻴﻮ ِﺧ ِﻪ ﺑِﺎ ِﻹ َﺟﺎ َزةِ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ا ْﺳ َﺘ َﺠﺎ َز ُﻫﻢ َﻟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺸ َﻬﺎب ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﻴﻮخ َذﻟِـﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺘ ِﺐ اﳌﺸﻬﻮر ِة ِﰲ ﻛﺮاﺳﺔ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﺴﺆاﻟﻪ ِﰲ َذﻟِﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻜﺎ َن ﳛﺪث ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ واﻓﺘﺘﺤﻪ اﳌﺨﺮج ﺑـ‬ ‫\"ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ وﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼ َﻣﺔ َﺗﺎج اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎ ِء‪ُ ،‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺪة اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺣﺪ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻼ ِم‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺨﺮ أﻫﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِﴫ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠـﻊ اﻷُ ﱠﻣـ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻗ ْﺪ َرة اﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫َو َﺧ ﱠﺮ َج ﻟﻪ ا َﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ ﱡﻨ َﻌﻴﻢ ِر ْﺿ َﻮان‪862) ،‬ﻫـ(‪َ ،‬أ ْر َﺑﻌ ِﲔ ُﻋ َﺸﺎ ِر ﱠﻳﺎت‪ ،‬وﻏﲑ َذﻟِﻚ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫وﳑﱠﺎ َر َوا ُه ﺑِﺈِ ْﺳﻨَﺎ ِدهِ ُﻣ َﺴ ْﻠ َﺴ َﻼت َأ ِﰊ ا َﳊ َﺴﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ﱠﺒﺎن)‪ ،(3‬رواه ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َﻋ َﻼء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ ِ ِﴏ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ ا َﳊ َﻠﺒِ ّﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ‪َ :‬أ ْﻧ َﺸ َﺪﲏ َﺷـ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َﻗـﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀـﺎ ِة َﺟـ َﻼ ُل‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َأ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ َﻋﺒْ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ‪ ،‬اﺑﻦ َﺷﻴْ ِﺨ َﻨﺎ َﺷ ْﻴ ِﺦ ا ِﻹﺳﻼ ِم ِ َﴎا ِج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣ ْﻔﺺ ُﻋ َﻤـ َﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺸـﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ ﻟﻨﻔ ِﺴـ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﺤﻠِﺐ َﻳ ْﻮ َم اﻷَ ْرﺑِ َﻌﺎء َﺳﺎ ِد َس ِﻋ ْ ِﴩﻳ َﻦ َﲨﺎدى اﻵﺧﺮة َﺳﻨَﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﴩ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ ِﰲ أﺳ َﲈ ِء اﻟﺒَ ﱠﻜﺎﺋﲔ)‪: (5‬‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻔﻮ ُح َﻛ َﻔ ْﻴ ِﺢ اﳌِ ْﺴـ ِﻚ َﺑـ ْﻞ ُﻫـ َﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄـ ُﺮ‬ ‫أﻻ إِ ﱠن َأ ْﻫــ َﻞ ا َﳋــ ْ ِﲑ ﺑِــﺎ َﳋ ِﲑ ذِ ْﻛــ ُﺮ ُﻫ ْﻢ‬ ‫َﳉــ ْﻴ ِﺶ َر ُﺳــﻮ ِل اﷲِ َوا َﳋــ ْ ُﲑ ُﻳــ ْﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ‬ ‫َﻓ ِﻤ ْﻦ َذا َك َﻗ ْﻮ ٌم َﻗ ْﺪ َﺑ َﻜـ ْﻮا ِﻣـ ْﻦ ُﻓـ َﺮاﻗِ ِﻬﻢ‬ ‫و ُﻋ َﻠ ﱠﻴــ ُﺔ َز ْﻳــﺪ َﻓ ْﻀــ ُﻠﻬﻢ َﻟــ ْﻴ َﺲ ُﻳﻨْ َﻜــ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻓ َﺼ ْﺨ ُﺮ ﺑ ُﻦ َﺳ ْﻠ َﲈن َو َﻋ ْﻤ ُﺮو ﺑـﻦ ﻋﺘ َﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺬا اﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﲑ َﺳـﺎ ِﱂ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀـ ِﻞ ُﻳ ْﺸـ َﻜ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻛـــ َﺬﻟِﻚ َﻋ ْﺒـــ ُﺪ ا ِﷲ َﻧ ْﺠـــ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﻘـــﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﺮﺑ ًﺎ َﺿـ ﱠﻤ ُﻬﻢ ﺑِـﺎ َﳋ ِﲑ ﻓِـﻴﻬﻢ ُﻳ ْﺴـ َﻄ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻛـــﺬا َأ ُﺑـــﻮ َﻟـــ ْﻴ َﲆ ﳌَـــﺎزن َﻳ ْﻨ َﺘ ِﻤـــﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ُء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(107/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ُء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(107/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﲇ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﴫ اﻟﻠﺒﺎن‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻨﻮري‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﻊ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺒﻐﺪاد وواﺳﻂ وﺑﻼد ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‪ ،‬وﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﴚء اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬وﺣـﺪث‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪468‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ رواة اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﳌﺴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪ ،(415/1) ،‬واﻟﻮاﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺪي‪.(94/22) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺮ َس اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﲏ‪.(657/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪.(202 ،201/7) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺎؤون ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺟﺎؤوا إﱃ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﺻﲆ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ و ﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ أن ﳜـﺮج إﱃ ﺗﺒـﻮك‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬اﲪﻠﻨـﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺎﻧﻮا‬ ‫َﺳ ْﺒ َﻌ ُﺔ َﻧ َﻔ ٍﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َﻷ ْﻧ َﺼﺎ ِر َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِﻫ ْﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﻨِﻲ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻮ ٍف َﺳﺎ ِﱂُ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ ْ ٍﲑ‪َ ،‬و ُﻋ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺔ ْﺑ ُﻦ َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺧﻮ َﺑﻨِﻲ َﺣﺎ ِر َﺛ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﻟ ْﻴ َﲆ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ اﻟ ّﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ‬ ‫ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻛ ْﻌ ٍﺐ َأ ُﺧﻮ َﺑﻨِﻲ َﻣﺎ ِز ِن ْﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﻨّ ّﺠﺎ ِر َأ ُﺧﻮ َﺑﻨِﻲ َﺳ ِﻠ َﻤ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺒـ ُﺪ اﷲِّ ْﺑـ ُﻦ ا ُْﳌ َﻐ ّﻔـ ِﻞ ا ُْﳌـ َﺰ ِ ّﲏ ‪َ -‬و َﺑ ْﻌـ ُﺾ اﻟﻨّـﺎ ِس َﻳ ُﻘـﻮ ُل َﺑـ ْﻞ ُﻫـ َﻮ َﻋ ْﺒـ ُﺪ اﷲِّ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺰا ِر ّي‪َ .‬ﻓﺎ ْﺳ َﺘ ْﺤ َﻤ ُﻠﻮا َر ُﺳﻮ َل ا ِّﷲ َﺻ ّﲆ ا ُﷲّ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳ ّﻠ َﻢ َو َﻛﺎ ُﻧﻮا َأ ْﻫ َﻞ َﺣﺎ َﺟ ٍﺔ َﻓ َﻘﺎ َل \" َﻻ َأ ِﺟ ُﺪ َﻣﺎ َأ ْﲪِ ُﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﺮوض اﻷﻧﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻴﲇ‪.(297/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟ ًﺜﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ َو ُأ ُﺻﻮ ُﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ا ْﺷ َﺘ َﻬ َﺮ ا ْﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ َو َﻃﺎ َر ذِ ْﻛ ُﺮ ُه ُﺧ ُﺼﻮ ًﺻﺎ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َو َﻓﺎ ِة َواﻟِ ِﺪهِ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻧ َﺘ َﻬ ْﺖ إِﻟﻴﻪ رﻳﺎﺳـ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺘـ َﻮى‪َ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ ﳑﱠـﻦ أذن‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ رﲪﻪ اﷲ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺘﺎ ِء واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺪ ِرﻳ ِﺲ َﻗ ِﺪﻳ ًﲈ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﺔ واﻟ ِﺪه‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ َأ ُﺑﻮه َ ْﲢ َﺖ َﺧ ﱢﻄ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اَﻣﻟوﺎِاﻔﻟَﻳْﻘﱠﺘ ِﺮِْﻪﻔ ُد َِﻣﺴﻨَْﻋ َﻠﲑُﻈ ﱠْﻴﻳ َﻮِﻪﺔ َﻣ ًَِﻣﺔو َﻳْ‪،‬ﻦ ْ َوُُ َﴪﳏُﺎُﺟد ﱡَﻛِﻫﻞﺎٍﻢا ِ َْوﺷﰲ ُﺘِﻣ ََﻐْْﳎﺎﺴﻠَِﻟﺘ ْﻪﻔﺘﺑِِﺲﻲَﻜا)ﻟَ‪(1‬ﱠﺘﻼ‪ْ.‬ﺪِم ِر َﻳواﻟِ ِِﺲﺪ ِه؛ِﺣ َْﻔو َﻣًﻈﺎْﻊ‪َ ،‬ذُﺛﻟِ ﱠﻢ َﻳﻚ ْﻘ َﻓـ َ َﺮﻜ ُأﺎ َنَﻋ َﻠﻳﻴﺰـﻳﻪُﺪ َﻣ َـﻋﺎَﻠ ْﻴ ََﻪﻛ َﺘﻓَﺒﻴـَﻪﲈ‬ ‫َو َﻛﺎ َن ُ َﳛ ﱢﺮ ُر ُدرو َﺳﻪ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻬ ﱠﻴ َﺔ‬ ‫ََﻳﻓ َﺘَﻴ َﺘَﻌ ﱠﻠَﻜ ُﱠﻠﻖ ُﻢﺑِﺎﻟﻋ ﱠﺘﻠﻴْﺨﻪ ِﺮ َﻓﻳ ُﻴ ِﺞِﺠ ِﻴ ُﰲﺪا؛ﻟ َوﻮاﻟﻗِﻪ َﻌﺎَﺿ َِﻮتاﺑﻟِِ َُﻜﻂ ْﺜ َِﺮﰲةِ‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن َﻳﻜ ُﺘ ُﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ َﻔ َﺘﺎ َوى ﻛِﺘﺎﺑ ًﺔ َﻣﻠِﻴ َﺤ ًﺔ\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫اﳊـﺮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬اﳌﻌـﺮوف‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻧﴘـ ا َﳌـﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺰﻳـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ َﻋﺎﻟَﻠ ْﻴﻮ ِاﻬ ﱡﻧَﲈﻮ ُِﻏﻋ َﻠ َﻲو)ﲈأ‪(ُ3‬ءر ِﻣَﻣﺳ ْﻦَﻞَاﴫﳌَأ ُﺑَﻓﺪ َﺄﻳﻮﻨَ ِﺟَﺔﻋﺎْﺒاﻟَﺪ ﱠﻨبَﺒا ِﻮَﻋﱠِﷲﻳ ْﻨ ِ‪،‬ﺔَﻬﺑُِﺎ َﺄَﳏا ْﱠﻤﺳَﳉﺌِﺪََﻠﺑٍﻼﺔ ُﻦل ِﻋ َاأْﻟْ ُﺒ َِﲪْﴩﻠﻳِﺪﻘﻴَﺑﻦﻨِ ّﻦﻲﻋ)ﻨ‪(ُ4‬ﻋﻮْﺜ‪.‬اَﲈﳖنﺎ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َﻓ ِﻀﻴ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ ﻟِ َﻴ ْﻜ ُﺘـ َﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ ُﻓﻨُﻮ ٍن ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِم‪ ،‬ﺗ ُﺪ ﱡل‬ ‫‪ :‬اﻷ ْﺳﺌِ َﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﳑَﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ َﺣ َﻮا ٍش َﻋ َﲆ ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺘِ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿ ِﺔ)‪َ (5‬ﺟ ﱠﺮ َد َﻫﺎ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ َﻃ َﻠ َﺒﺘِ ِﻪ ِﰲ ُ َﳎ ﱠﻠـ ٍﺪ َﺿـ ْﺨ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬و ُﲨِـ َﻊ ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺘﺎ َوى أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ ﱢﺰ ِر ْﻛِ ّﲇ ‪َ :‬أ ْﻓ َﺮ َد َﻫﺎ َأ ُﺧﻮ ُه ِﰲ ُ َﳎ ﱠﻠ َﺪﻳ ِﻦ)‪.(6‬‬ ‫وﻟﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪ُ :‬ﻧ َﻜ ٌﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ا َﳊﺎوي اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻐ ِﲑ ﻟﻠ َﻘ ْﺰ ِوﻳﻨِ ّﻲ ِﰲ ُﻓ ُﺮو ِع اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ)‪ ،(7‬و َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻧﻜ ًﺘﺎ َﻋـ َﲆ اﳌﻨﻬـﺎج‬ ‫ُأﱂ ُﺗﺻ ْﻜﻮ َﻤ ِلﻞاﻟ‪ِ ،‬ﻔ َ ْوﻘ ِﻪَﺻ‪َ َ :‬ﻧﻞ ْﻈﻓﻴ ُﻢﻬﺎُ ْﳐإَِﺘَ َﱃ ا ِﴫﳉُﻣﺮْﻨاَﺘ َﻬح)‪(8‬ﻰ‪.‬اﻟ ﱡﺴﺆل‬ ‫َوا َﳉ َﺪ ِل)‪.(9‬‬ ‫اﻷُ ُﺻﻮ ِل‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﻠ َﻤ ِﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻮوي‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫ِﰲ‬ ‫واﻷَ َﻣﻞ‬ ‫وﳑَﺎ َﺿ َﺒ َﻄ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ ْﻈ ِﻢ اﻷَ َﻣﺎﻛِﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗ ْﺴ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻓِﻴ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﻬﺎ َدة ﺑِﺎﻻ ْﺳﺘِ َﻔﺎ َﺿﺔ َﻗ ْﻮﻟﻪ‪(10):‬‬ ‫ِﰲ ﻋــﺪو ﻧﻈﻤــﺖ ﻟ َﻀــﺒ ِﻂ ُ َﳏــ ﱠﺮ ٍر‬ ‫إن اﻟ ﱠﺴــ َﲈ َع ُﻳ ِﻔﻴــ ُﺪ ِذ ْﻛــ َﺮ ﺷـــﻬﺎدةٍ‬ ‫وﻋﺘﺎﻗــــﺔ ا َﳌــــ ْﻮ َﱃ َو َﻻ َء ُ َﳏــــ ﱠﺮ ٍر‬ ‫َﻧ َﺴــ ٌﺐ َو َو ْﻗــ ٌﻒ واﻟﻨﱢﻜــﺎ ُح و َﻣ ﱢﻴــ ٌﺖ‬ ‫َو َر َﺿــﺎ ُع ﲢــﺮﻳ ٍﻢ َو ُ ْﴍ ُب اﻷَ ْﳖُــ ِﺮ‬ ‫ووﻻﻳــ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘــﺎ ِﴈ َوﻋــﺰ ُل ﺳــﺎﺑ ٍﻊ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪.(89/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬ﳊ ِﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص‪ ،(173‬وﺑﻐﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﺎة ِﰲ َﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻨﱡ َﺤـﺎة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ّﺴـ ُﻴﻮ ِﻃ ّﻲ‪،(31/1) ،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(3/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪ ،(3/7) ،‬وﻛﺸ َﻒ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن‪ ،‬ﳊﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪.(92/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص ‪.(183‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬اﻷﻋﻼ ُم‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺰرﻛﲇ‪.(320/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬اﻟﻀﻮ ُء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(113/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪َ :‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪.(89/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪ ،(113/4) ،‬وﻣﻌﺠ َﻢ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮ رﺿﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪.(103/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(107/4) ،‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫َز َﻣ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ِﻬﻴ ِﺪ َو ُﻗـﻞ ﺑِـ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْﺷـ ُﻬﺮ‬ ‫َوا َﳉــ ْﺮ ُح َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌــ ِﺪﻳ ُﻞ ﻟﻠ َﻤ ْﻌــ ُﺪو ِم ِﰲ‬ ‫إِﻳﺼـــــﺎ ُء َﻛـــــ َﺬا ِﰲ اﻷَ ْﻇ ُﻬـــــ ِﺮ‬ ‫َو َﺗ َ ﱡﴬ ُر اﻟ ﱠﺰوﺟﺎ ِت َواﻟ ﱠﺼﺪﻗﺎ ُت َواﻟـ‬ ‫ُﻫـــ َﻮ َﻋـــ ﱠﺮ ٌة ﻟﻠ َﺒـــﺎﻟِ ِﻎ اﳌُﺘﺼـــ ّﻮ ِر‬ ‫واﻟ ُﻜ ْﻔ ُﺮ وا ِﻹ ْﺳـ ُﻼ ُم َواﻟ ﱡﺮﺷـ ُﺪ اﻟـﺬي‬ ‫ُﺣ ﱢﺮ ﱠﻳــ ُﺔ اﳌَ ْﺠ ُﻬــﻮ ِل َﻟــ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ ُﻤﻨْ َﻜــ ِﺮ‬ ‫َو ِو َﻻ َد ٌة َوا َﳊ ْﻤــ ُﻞ إِ ْن َﺷــﺎ َﻋﺎ َﻛــ َﺬا‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ُﻘـ ْﺮ ِب ِﻣـ ْﻦ َوا ِﻋـﻲ َﻛـ َﻼم ا ُﳌ ْﺨـ ِ ِﱪ‬ ‫و َﻗ َﺴــﺎ َﻣ ٌﺔ ِﻗﻴـــ َﻞ ا ُﳌـــﺮاد َﺷـــ َﻬﺎدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ُﻧ ِﺴــ َﺐ اﳉــﻮا ُز إِ َﱃ ﻛــﻼ ِم اﻷَ ْﻛ َﺜــ ِﺮ‬ ‫واﳌﻠـــﻚ ﻓﻴـــﻪ ﺧﻼﻓﻬـــﻢ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘـــ ﱢﺮر‬ ‫ﺣـﻮر اﻟﻔـﻪ ﻓﻘـﻞ ﺑـﻪ وﻻ ﺗﺴـﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫َو ُﻣــ َﺮ ﱠﺟ ُﺢ ا ُﳉ ْﻤ ُﻬــﻮ ِر َأ ْن ﻻ ُﺑــ ﱠﺪ ِﻣــ َﻦ‬ ‫واﻟــ ﱠﺪ ْﻳ ُﻦ ِﰲ َو ْﺟــ ِﻪ َﻛ ِﺮﻳــﻪ اﳌَﻨْ َﻈــ ِﺮ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻐ ْﺼ ُﺐ ِﰲ أﺣﻜﺎم َﻣﺎ ﻓﻴـﻪ ِد ْر َﻫـ ٌﻢ‬ ‫راﺑ ًﻌﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ ِﻘﻴ َﺪ ُة َواﻟ َﻮ ْﻋ ُﻆ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ رﺳﺎﻟ ٌﺔ ِﰲ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻜ َﺒﺎﺋِﺮ َواﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻐﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫و ِﰲ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻋ ِﻆ ‪َ َ :‬ﳎﺎﻟِﺲ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻋ ِﻆ‪ ،‬وﻛِ َﺘﺎ ٌب ِﰲ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻋ ِﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣ ًﺴﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ُﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ذ َﻛ َﺮ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻃﺎ َر َﺣ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﺳﺌِ َﻠﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌَ ْﻨ ُﻈﻮ ِم َوا َﳌﻨْ ُﺜﻮ ِر‪ ،‬و َﻃﺎ َر َﺣ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء َﻛﺜِﲑ ٍة َﻗـ ْﺪ َأ ْو َر َد َﻫـﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻨـ َﻮادِ ِر‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﺴ ُﻤﻮ َﻋﺔ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫َﻓ ِﻤ ﱠﲈ وﻗﻔ ُﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺎر َﺣﺘِ ِﻪ إﻳﺎه‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻄﺎ َر َﺣﺔ ِﻋ َﺘﺎب ِﻣﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋـ َﲆ َﺗ ْﺮﻛِـ ِﻪ ِﻋ َﻴﺎ َدﺗـﻪ إِ ﱠﻳـﺎه‪َ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻛ َﲈ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ِﰲ َﺳﻨَﺔ َﻋ ْﴩ َو َﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ)‪: (3‬‬ ‫ُﻋـ ْﺪ ﱠت َﻓ َﺘـ ًﻰ ِﺟ ْﺴـ ُﻤ ُﻪ ﺿـﻨﻰ ﳎـﺬو ُذ‬ ‫ُﻗــﻞ ﻟﻘــﺎﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀــﺎة َﻣــﺎ َ ﱠﴐ َﻟــﻮ‬ ‫ﺳـــﺒﻌ ٌﺔ ِذ ْﻛـــ ُﺮ ُﻫ ّﻦ ﻋﻨْـــ ِﺪي َﻟﺬﻳـــ ُﺬ‬ ‫ﱄ َﻋ َﻠـــ ْﻴ ُﻜﻢ ُدو َن اﻷَ َﻧـــﺎ ِم ُﺣ ُﻘـــﻮ ٌق‬ ‫َﺑ َﻠــــــ ِﺪ ﱞي ُ َﳎــــــﺎ ِو ٌر ﺗِ ْﻠ ِﻤﻴــــــ ُﺬ‬ ‫َﺻـــﺎ ِﺣ ٌﺐ َﺗـــﺎﺑِ ٌﻊ ُ ِﳏـــ ﱞﺐ َﻧﺴـــﻴ ٌﺐ‬ ‫ـــﻠ ِﻪ َﺗ َﻌــﺎ َﱃ ِﻣــﻦ َز ﱠﻟﺘــﻲ َأ ْﺳــ َﺘﻌﻴ ُﺬ‬ ‫إ ْن َﻳ ُﻜــ ْﻦ َﻫ ْﺠــ ُﺮ ُﻛﻢ ﻟِــ َﺬ ْﻧ ٍﺐ َﻓﺒِﺎ ﱠﻟـــ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ َء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(103/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا َﳌ ْﺠ َﻤ ُﻊ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﺳﺲ‪.(155/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﳉﻮاﻫ َﺮ واﻟﺪرر‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(789/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫َﻗﺎدِ ٌح ُﻣ ْﻀـﻌ ٌﻒ وﻟـﻴﺲ ُﺷـ ُﺬو ُذ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺄ َﺟﺎ َﺑ ُﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻛ ْﻴــ َﻒ إﻣﻜﺎ ُﻧــﻪ َو ُﻛــ ﱢﲇ َأ ِﺧﻴــﺬ‬ ‫َو َﻋـ َﲆ ُﺳـ ْﻘ ِﻤ ُﻜﻢ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻠﺒِـﻲ َﺣﻨﻴـ ُﺬ‬ ‫َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﰲ ُﺻ ْﺤ َﺒﺘِﻲ َو ِﺻ ﱠﺤ َﺔ ُﺣ ﱢﺒـﻲ‬ ‫إِ ﱠﻧﻨِــﻲ ﺑِــﺎﻟﻮﻻ ِء ﻓِﻴــ َﻚ َأ ُﻋــﻮ ُذ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ َﻻ َأ ْﻧ َﺜﻨِـﻲ َﻋـ ْﻦ اﻟـ ِﻮ ﱢد َد ْﻫـ ِﺮي‬ ‫َﺧﺎﻃِ ِﺮي ِﻋ ْﻨـ َﺪ ُﻛﻢ َﻛـ َﺬﻟِﻚ َﺑـﺎ ِﱄ‬ ‫َﻏ ْﻴ َﺒﺘِــﻲ َﻫ ْﻔــ َﻮ ٌة َﻓ َﻌ ْﻔــ ُﻮ َك َﻋﻨْ َﻬــﺎ‬ ‫ا َﳌﻄْ َﻠ ُﺐ ا َﳋﺎ ِﻣﺲ ‪َ :‬ﺛﻨَﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء َﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﻼ ُﻣ ُﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل أﺧﻮه َﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ ‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ َن إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ذﻛﻴﺎ َﻧ ْﺤ ِﻮﻳـﺎ ُأ ُﺻـﻮﻟﻴﺎ ُﻣ َﻔ ﱢ ًﴪـا ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻈـﺎ ﻓﺼـﻴ ًﺤﺎ ﺑﻠﻴ ًﻐـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻮ ِر ﱠي اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻮ ِت‪َ ،‬ﻋﺎر ًﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ودﻗﺎﺋِ ِﻘ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺤ ِ ًﴬا ﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِع َﻣ ْﺬﻫﺒﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴـ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ اﻟـ ﱢﺬﻫ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺟ ﱢﻴـ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺼـﻮ ِر‪َ ،‬ﻣﻠِـﻴ َﺢ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻜ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻴ ًﲈ َد ﱢﻳﻨًﺎ ﻋﻔﻴ ًﻔﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺣ ْﻠ َﻮ ا ُﳌ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐةِ)‪.(1‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﻓ ْﻬﺪ ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن َر ْ َﲪ ُﺔ اﷲِ َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﱃ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻋﻔﻴ ًﻔﺎ ﻧﺰ ًﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺣ َﺴ َﻦ اﻟﺒِ ْ ِﴩ َواﻟـﻮ ﱢد ُ ِﳏﺒـﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻣـﺎﻫ ًﺮا ِﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ﻛﺜ َﲑ اﳌُ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌ ِﺔ ِﰲ ُﻛ ُﺘ ِﺐ ا َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪َ \" :‬ﻣﺎ رأﻳﺖ أﺣ ًﺪا ﳑﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﺘﻪ أﺣﺮص َﻋ َﲆ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن إذا ﻃـﺮق‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻪ ﳾء ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮ وﻻ ﳞﺪأ وﻻ ﻳﻨﺎم َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﳛﻔﻈﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻊ َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻜ ﱞﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎل‪،‬‬ ‫ﳏ ﱞﺐ ِﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﻖ اﳌﺤﺒﺔ\"‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ﻣﺮة ‪\" :‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ِﰲ ﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﺟﻮدة ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻈﺔ ﻓ َﻤ َﻬ َﺮ ِﰲ ﻣﺪ ٍة ﻳﺴﲑ ٍة\")‪.(3‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻆ َﺷ ْﻤﺲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ َﻧﺎ ِﴏ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪ َﻣ ْﺸﻘﻲ ِﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﴍح أﻟﻔﻴﺘﻪ ِﰲ اﳊﻔـﺎظ ‪َ :‬ﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫ﻋﲔ أﻋﻴﺎن اﻷﻣﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ واﻟﺪه ِﰲ اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد واﳊﻔﻆ وﻋﻠﻮم اﻹﺳﻨﺎد رأﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﻨﺎﻇﺮ أﺑﺎه ِﰲ دروﺳﻪ وﻳﻨﺎﻗﺸﻪ ﻓﻴ َﲈ ﻳﻠﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻟﺰوم ﺣﺮﻣﺔ اﻵﺑﺎء‪ ،‬وﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ اﻟﻌﻠ َﲈء)‪.(4‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪\" :‬ا ِﻹ َﻣﺎم اﻷوﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة‪َ ،‬ﺷ ْﻴﺦ اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ ﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﻛﺎ َن َﻋ ْ َﲔ َأ ْﻋﻴﺎ ِن اﻷُ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺧ َﻠ َﻒ َواﻟِ َﺪه ِﰲ اﻻ ْﺟﺘِ َﻬﺎدِ‪ ،‬واﳊﻔ ِﻆ و ُﻋﻠﻮ ِم ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻨﺎ ِد‪ ،‬رأﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﻨﺎﻇِ ُﺮ َأ َﺑﺎه ِﰲ درو ِﺳﻪ وﻳﻨﺎﻗِ ُﺸﻪ‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ُت اﳌﻔﴪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻸدﻧﺮوي‪) ،‬ص‪.(322‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﳊ ُﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪) ،‬ص‪.(183‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪ ،(440/7) ،‬واﻟﻀﻮ ُء اﻟﻼﻣ ُﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺎوي‪.(106/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﺒ َﻴﺎ ُن ﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‪.(332/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﻓﻴ َﲈ ُﻳ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻧ ِﻔﻴ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ ُﻟ ُﺰو ِم ُﺣ ْﺮ َﻣ ِﺔ اﻵﺑﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬و ِﺣ ْﻔ ِﻆ َﻣ َﺮاﺗ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌﻠ َﲈ ِء‪ ،‬وﺑﺈﺷﺎرﺗِﻪ َأ ﱠﻟ ْﻔ ُﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻛِ َﺘﺎ َب \"ا ِﻹ ْﻋ َﻼم ﺑ َﲈ َو َﻗ َﻊ‬ ‫ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﺸ َﺘﺒ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻫﺒِ ﱢﻲ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْو َﻫﺎم\"\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﺑ ُﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮدِ ّي ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن َر ِ َﲪ ُﻪ ا ُﷲ إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ﺑﺎر ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻨﻨًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴ ًﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻳـﺎ‪ ،‬أﺻـﻮﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔ ّ ًﴪـا‪ ،‬ﻋﺎر ًﻓـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ودﻗﺎﺋﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ذﻛﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤ ًﴬا ﻟﻔﺮو ِع ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ اﻟـ ﱢﺬﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﱢﻴـ َﺪ اﻟﻘﺼـﻮر‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻈـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼـﻴ ًﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻴ ًﻐـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻮري اﻟ ﱠﺼﻮ ِت‪َ ،‬ﻣﻠِﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻜ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱡﻄﻮ ِل َأ ْﻗ َﺮب‪َ ،‬أ ْﺑ َﻴﺾ ُﻣ َ ﱠﴩ ًﺑﺎ ﺑِ ُﺤ ْﻤ َﺮة‪َ ،‬ﺻ ِﻐﲑ اﻟ ﱢﻠ ْﺤ َﻴﺔ ُﻣ َﺪ ﱠو ُر َﻫﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﻨَـ ﱠﻮ ُر اﻟ ﱠﺸـ ْﻴ َﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻴ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﺳﻴ ًﲈ دﻳﻨًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻔﻴ ًﻔﺎ ﻋ َﲈ ُﻳ ْﺮ َﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ َة اﻟ ﱡﺴﻮء\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪\" :‬وأﻧﺎ َأ ْﻋ َﺮ ُف ﺑِ ُﺄﻣﻮ ِره ﻣﻦ ﻏ ِﲑي ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧﻪ َﻛﺎ َن َﺗ َﺄ ﱠﻫ َﻞ ﺑِ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻤﺘﻲ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﻧ َﺸ ْﺄ ُت إﻻ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪه‪ ،‬و َﻗـﺮأ ُت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﻏﺎﻟِ َﺐ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ِن اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﳌَﺎ َﻛﺎ َن َﻳ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﺟﻪ إِ َﱃ ﻣﻨﺰه ﻳﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ ِﲏ ُﺻ ْﺤ َﺒ َﺘﻪ إِ َﱃ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ َﺳﺎ َر‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َأ َﻗ ْﻤﻨَﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻜـﺎ ِن‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻨﻲ وﻳﻘﻮل ﱄ ‪ :‬ا ْﻗ َﺮ ْأ اﳌَﺎ ِﴈ ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻔﻮﻇِﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﻗ َﺮ ُأ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ َأ ْن َأ ْﻗ َﺮ َأه‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ﱄ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮاغ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َﻓﺎ َﺗ َﻚ اﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ِب َأ ْﺧ ْﺬ ُﺗﻪ ِﻣﻦ َد ْر ِس اﳌَﺎ ِﴈ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻛﺎ َن رﲪﻪ اﷲ ﻣﻬﺎ ًﺑﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺟﻠﻴ ًﻼ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻈ ًﲈ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﻼﻃ ِﲔ واﳌُ ُﻠﻮك‪ُ ،‬ﺣ ْﻠـ َﻮ ا ُﳌ َﺤـﺎ َ َﴐة‪َ ،‬رﻗﻴـ َﻖ‬ ‫اﻟ ْﻘ ْﻠ ِﺐ‪ِ َ ،‬ﴎﻳ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﻣ َﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻋﻨﺪه ﺑﺎدر ٌة وﺣﺪ ُة ِﻣ َﺰاج إﻻ أﳖﺎ َﻛﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ ﺗﺰو ُل ﺑِﴪﻋ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟِﻚ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﺳـﻨﻪ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْﻨ َﺴﻰ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ ﻛﻞ ﳾء\")‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳌَ ْﻘ ِﺮﻳ ِﺰ ّي ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ِك ﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬ﱂ ﳜﻠ ْﻒ ﺑﻌ َﺪه ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ِﰲ َﻛ ْﺜ َﺮةِ ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ و ُأ ُﺻﻮﻟِ ِﻪ وﺑﺎ َﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِﺚ واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴـﲑ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ِﻌ ﱠﻔ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺰا َﻫ ِﺔ ﻋ ﱠﲈ ﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ُﻗ َﻀﺎة اﻟﺴﻮء‪ ،‬و َﲨﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱡﺼﻮ َر ِة و َﻓ َﺼﺎ َﺣ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺒﺎ َرة؛ وﺑﺎﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻘـﺪ َﻛـﺎ َن‬ ‫ﳑﻦ ُﻳ َﺘ َﺠ ﱠﻤ ُﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ ِﺖ\")‪.(4‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺪ َر ِر ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن ذﻛﻴﺎ َﻗ ِﻮ ﱠي ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻈﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ اﺷ ُﺘﻬﺮ اﺳﻤﻪ وﻃﺎر ذﻛﺮه ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮت أﺑﻴﻪ واﻧﺘﻬﺖ إﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫رﻳﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﻮى وﱂ ُ َﳜ ﱠﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺪه ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ِﰲ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎ ِر وﴎﻋ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﲑةِ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ َﻔ َﺘﺎ َوى‪ ،‬واﻟ ِﻌ ﱠﻔﺔ ِﰲ َﻗ َﻀﺎﺋِﻪ\")‪.(5‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﺒ َﻴﺎ ُن ﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‪.(332/2) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪.(199/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪.(200/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻠﻮ ُك َﳌِ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓﺔ ُد َو ِل ا ُﳌ ُﻠﻮك‪.(1082/3/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬در ُر اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة‪.(243/2) ،‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬

‫َو َﻗﺎ َل اﻟ َﻌ َﻼ ُء ﺑﻦ َﺧﻄِﻴ ِﺐ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏﻳﺔ ‪َ :‬ﻧ َﺸ َﺄ ِﰲ اﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎ ِل ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺬ ﻋﻦ واﻟﺪه‪ ،‬ودأب وﺣﺼﻞ َﺣ ﱠﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺎر ﻓﻘﻴ ًﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﳌَﺎ ودرس ﺑﺠﺎﻣ ِﻊ َﺣ َﻠﺐ ﳌَﺎ ﻗﺪم ﺻﺤﺒﺔ)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻟ ﱠﺴﺨﺎ ِو ّي ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن ﻣﻔﺮ َط اﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻛﺎ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻗ ِﻮ ﱠي ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻈﺔ\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َل أﻳ ًﻀﺎ ‪َ \" :‬ﻛﺎ َن إ َﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ذﻛﻴﺎ َﻧ ْﺤﻮﻳﺎ ُأ ُﺻﻮﻟِﻴﺎ ُﻣﻔ ًﴪا ﻣﻔﻨ ًﻨﺎ ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻈﺎ ﻓﺼﻴ ًﺤﺎ ﺑﻠﻴ ًﻐـﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺟ ُﻬـﻮ ِر ّي اﻟ ﱠﺼـﻮ ِت‬ ‫َﻋﺎ ِر ًﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ودﻗﺎﺋﻘﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺤ ِ ًﴬا ﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮو ِع َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫﺒﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻴﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺬ ْﻫ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺟ ﱢﻴ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺼ ﱡﻮ ِر‪َ ،‬ﻣﻠِﻴ َﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬أﺑﻴ ًﻀﺎ ﻣﴩـ ًﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻤﺮة إِ َﱃ اﻟﻄﻮ ِل أﻗﺮب‪ ،‬ﺻﻐ َﲑ اﻟ ﱢﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻮ َر اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ ﲨﻴ ًﻼ وﺳﻴ ًﲈ دﻳ ًﻨﺎ ﻋﻔﻴ ًﻔﺎ ﻣﻬﺎ ًﺑـﺎ ﺟﻠـﻴ ًﻼ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻈـ ًﲈ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﳌﻠﻮك‪ُ ،‬ﺣ ْﻠ َﻮ اﳌُ َﺤﺎ َ َﴐ ِة‪َ ،‬رﻗِﻴ َﻖ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ِﺐ‪ِ َ ،‬ﴎﻳ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻣ َﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬زاﺋ َﺪ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎ ِد ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﳊﲔ وﻧﺤﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜ َﲑ اﳋﻀﻮ ِع‬ ‫ﳍﻢ\")‪.(3‬‬ ‫وﻣﺪﺣﻪ َﲨﺎﻋ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠ َﲈ ِء واﻟ ﱡﺸﻌﺮا ِء‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َﻣﺎ أﻧﺸﺪ ﻗﺎﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة َﺟـ َﻼل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ُﺑـﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺴـ َﻌﺎ َدات‬ ‫ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻇﻬﲑة)‪َ (4‬ﻗﺎ ِﴈ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻋﺎ ُﳌِ َﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻔﻈِ ِﻪ ﻟِ َﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ ﺑ َﻤ ﱠﻜﺔ ا ُﳌ َ ﱠﴩ َﻓﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻨﺔ اﺛﻨﺘﲔ وﲬﺴﲔ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ)‪:(5‬‬ ‫َﻋ ِﺰﻳ ٌﺰ َﻓ َﻜ ْﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺷ ْﺒ َﻬ ٍﺔ ﻗﺪ َﺟـ َﻼ َﻟ ُﻜـﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻴ ًﺌﺎ َﻟ ُﻜﻢ َﻳﺎ َأ ْﻫ َﻞ ِﻣ ْ َﴫـ َﺟ َﻼﻟ ُﻜـ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻟ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ ﻟِ َﻔﺮ ِط ا ُﳊـ ﱢﺐ َﺟـ ﱠﻞ َﺟ َﻼ ُﻟ ُﻜـﻢ‬ ‫وﻟــﻮﻻ ا ﱢﺗ َﻘــﺎء اﷲِ َﺟــ ﱠﻞ َﺟ َﻼﻟــﻪ‬ ‫ا َﳌﻄْ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِدس ‪ :‬و َﻓﺎ ُﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎ َد َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻣ َﻊ اﻷَ ِﻣ ِﲑ ﻃﻄﺮ َﻣ ِﺮﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ َ َﳏ ﱠﻔ ٍﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓـﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ َو ُﻫـ َﻮ َﺷـ ِﺪﻳ ُﺪ اﳌَـ َﺮ ِض ِﰲ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْرﺑِﻌﺎء َﺛﺎﻟﺚ َﺷ ﱠﻮال ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺳﻨَﺔ أرﺑﻊ وﻋﴩﻳﻦ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤ ﱠﺮ َﻣ ِﺮﻳ ًﻀﺎ إِ َﱃ أن ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢ َﰲ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﳋﻤـﻴﺲ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻋﺸـﺎء‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮة ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﳊﺎدي ﻋﴩ ﻣﻦ َﺷ ﱠﻮال ا َﳌ ْﺬ ُﻛﻮر ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻨَ ِﺔ اﳌَـ ْﺬ ُﻛﻮ َرة‪َ ،‬وﻗِﻴـﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌـﺎ ِ ِﴍ ِﻣـ ْﻦ َﺷـ ﱠﻮال‪ ،‬ﻓـﻴ َﲈ ﻗﻴـﻞ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻤﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﺑِ ِﻌ ﱠﻠ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﻘﻮﻟﻨﺞ)‪ُ (6‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ﱠ َﴫع‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ إﺣﺪى وﺳﺘﲔ َﺳﻨَﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬رﻓ َﻊ ﻹﴏ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻗ َﻀﺎ ِة ِﻣ ْ َﴫ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪) ،‬ص‪.(111‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ُء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(113/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺼﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.(111/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ َﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ ِء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪.(214/9) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﺮي ﺑﺮدي‪.(201/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻫﻮ َﻣ َﺮ ٌض ِﻣ َﻌ ِﻮ ﱞي ُﻣ ْﺆ ِﱂٌ َﻳ ْﻌ ُ ُﴪ ﻣﻌﻪ ُﺧﺮو ُج اﻟ ﱡﺜ ْﻔ ِﻞ واﻟ ﱢﺮﻳ ِﺢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﻮﻟﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﳊﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴـﺒﺐ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﰲ اﻷﻣﻌـﺎء اﻟﻐـﻼظ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻮن ﻓﲈ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ وﺟﻊ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﱪدﻫﺎ وﻛﺜﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﱪدﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺤﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﰲ اﻟﻄﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،(1935/6) ،‬واﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﳌﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪) ،‬ص‪.(259‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫َﺻ ﱠﲆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻐ ِﺪ ﺑِﺎ َﳉﺎ ِﻣ ِﻊ ا َﳊﺎﻛِ ِﻤ ّﻲ)‪ُ ،(1‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ أﻋﻴ َﺪ إِ َﱃ َﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳﺔ واﻟﺪه ﺑﺤﺎرة ﲠﺎء اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﲡـﺎه داره ودﻓـﻦ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻴﻪ وأﺧﻴﻪ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫وﺧ ﱠﻠﻒ َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻋﺪ ًدا ﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﺑ َﻨﺎ ِء َﺳﺎ ُروا َﻋ َﲆ َﳖْ ِﺠ ِﻪ ِﰲ َﻃ َﻠ ِﺐ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻨْ ُﻬﻢ َﺗﺎج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ا ُﳌ َﺘـ َﻮ ّﰱ‬ ‫َﺳ َﻨﺔ ‪ ،855‬واﻟﺬي َو ِ َﱄ َﻗ َﻀﺎ َء اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴ َﻜ ِﺮ‪،‬ود ﱠرس ﻛ َﺬﻟِﻚ ِﰲ ﻣﺪارس اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﻫ َﺮة‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻋﻔﻴ ًﻔﺎ ﺻﺎ ًﳊﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻳ ًﺼـﺎ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺼﺎﻟِ ِﺢ اﻷَ ْو َﻗﺎف اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل ا َﳊﺎﻓِﻆ اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ َﻣ ْﻮ ِت ا َﳉ َﻼل اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳜﻠﻔـــﻪ أو ﻓـــﺎﻷَخ اﻟ َﻜﺎ ِﺷـــﺢ‬ ‫َﻣـﺎت َﺟـ َﻼل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ ﻗـﺎﻟﻮا اﺑﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻨ ِﺼــ ِﺐ ا ُﳊ ْﻜــ ِﻢ َو َﻻ َﺻــﺎﻟِﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠــ ُﺖ ﺗــﺎج اﻟــ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ ﻻ ﻻﺋِــﻖ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻌ ﱠﻘ َﺐ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪\" :‬أي ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ِﻗ ﱠﻠﺔ اﻟ َ َﱪا َﻋ ِﺔ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِﻻ َﻓ َﻘﺪ َأ ْﺛ َﻨﻰ َﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺒِ َﻘـﺎ ِﻋﻲ‬ ‫ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ واﻟ ِﻌ ﱠﻔﺔ\")‪.(4)(3‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﻢ زﻳ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ُﺑﻮ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺪ ِل‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻮ ﱠﰱ َﺳﻨَﺔ ‪861‬ﻫـ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻧﺸﺄ ﲢـﺖ َﻛﻨَـ ِﻒ َواﻟـﺪه‪َ ،‬و َﻧـﺎ َب ِﰲ‬ ‫ا ُﳊ ْﻜ ِﻢ ِﺳﻨِﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺮ ٌم أﻓﻘ َﺮه ِﰲ أواﺧﺮ ُﻋ ُﻤ ِﺮه‪ ،‬واﺣﺘﺎج ﻣﻨﻪ إِ َﱃ َ َﲢ ﱠﻤﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺪ ُﻳﻮن‪َ ،‬وا َﳊﺎ َﺟ ِﺔ ﻟﻠ ﱠﻨﺎ ِس)‪.(5‬‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ا َﳌﻨْ َﻬ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﺮي ﺑﺮدي‪.(197/7) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬در َر اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰي‪ ،(243/2) ،‬وا َﳌ ْﻨ َﻬ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِﰲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮي َﺑ ْﺮ ِد ّي‪ ،(199/7) ،‬وﳊ َﻆ اﻷﳊﺎظ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺪ‪) ،‬ص ‪.(183‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬إﻇﻬﺎ َر اﻟﻌﴫ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ‪.(149 ،148/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻧﻈ ُﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺎن‪) ،‬ص‪.(151‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء اﻟ ﱠﻼ ِﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺴ َﺨﺎ ِو ّي‪.(181/6) ،‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ِدﻔَرا َﺼﺳ ُﺔﻞاﻟﺍﻟﻜِ َﺘﺜﺎﺎﻧِِبﻲ‬ ‫) َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ(‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫اﳌَ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪ :‬ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻮﺛِﻴ ٌﻖ َوﻧِ ْﺴ َﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺗ َﻜﺎﺛﺮ ِت اﻷدﻟ ُﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗ ْﺜﺒ ُﺖ أ ﱠن َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨﺔ َﳉ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء َوا ِﺿ ًﺤﺎ َو َﻣ ْﻨ ُﺼﻮ ًﺻﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ ِﰲ َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻨﻮا ِن ِﰲ ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ اﳌَ ْﺨ ُﻄﻮ ِط‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﲈ ﻧ ﱠﺺ ﻋﺪ ٌد ﻣﻦ اﳌُ ّﺼﻨﱢ ِﻔ َﲔ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠ َﱰا ِﺟ ِﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ﻧﺴﺒ ِﺔ َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﺳ َﲈ ِع َﺑ ْﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ ِﻣﻨْﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻨ ُﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺑ ُﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ َﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ َ ﱠﴏ َح ﺑﻨﺴﺒ ِﺔ َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨﺔ َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬و َذ َﻛ َﺮ َﻟﻪ َو َﻟ ُﺪ ُه اﻟ َﻘﺎ ِﴈ َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ‬ ‫ِﰲ ُ َﳎ ﱠﻠ َﺪةٍ ُﻣ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﻤ َﻠ ٍﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ َﻨﺎ ِﻗﺒِ ِﻪ َو َﻓﻮاﺋِ ِﺪ ِه\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا اﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ َﺠﺮ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟِﻪ ‪َ \" :‬و َﻗ ْﺪ َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ َﻟ ُﻪ – ِ َﴎاج اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ‪َ -‬و َﻟ ُﺪ ُه َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ َ َﲨ َﻊ ﻓِﻴ َﻬـﺎ‬ ‫َأ َﺳﺎ ِﻣﻲ َﺗ َﺼﺎﻧِﻴ ِﻔﻪ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ِﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﺧﺘِ َﻴﺎ َراﺗِ ِﻪ َأ َﺟﺎ َد َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺘ ُﻬﺎ ُﻛ ﱡﻠ َﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨﻪ\")‪.(2‬‬ ‫و َﻋ َﺰا ُه َﻟ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ُﻴﻮﻃِ ّﻲ)‪ ،(3‬واﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻮ َﻛﺎ ِ ّﲏ)‪.(4‬‬ ‫و َﻫ َﺬا ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ور َد ﻣﻦ َﻋ ْﺰ ٍو ﺧﺎﻃِ ٍﺊ َﳍ َﺬا اﳌﺨﻄﻮط ) َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨـ ُﺔ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺪ َﻋـ َﺰا ُه ﺣـﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن إِ َﱃ اﳊﻔﻴﺪ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ)‪ ،(5‬وﻛ َﺬﻟِﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ رﺿﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ِﰲ ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ)‪ ،(6‬ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫أﳖ َﲈ ذﻛﺮا أ ﱠن ﻟﻘ َﺒﻪ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬و َﺳﻨَﺔ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ )‪824‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌﺆﻟـﻒ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْ َﲪ ِﻦ ﺑﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﺧﻄ ٌﺄ‬ ‫واﺿ ٌﺢ وﻗﻌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﴎدﻧﺎﻫﺎ آﻧ ًﻔﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻏﲑ َذﻟِﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﻨﻮه ﻫﻨﺎ إﱃ أن ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺪة‪ ،‬أﺧﺬ اﻟﱰﲨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺟﻼب اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺿﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﺑﺈرﺷﺎد اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﲏ‪ ،‬وأﺧﱪ اﻟﺴﺨﺎوي أن ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺆاﺧﺬات ﻛﺜﲑة)‪.(7‬‬ ‫)‪َ (1‬ﻃ َﺒ َﻘﺎ ُت اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ِﻦ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ ُﺷ ْﻬ َﺒﺔ‪.(40/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬إِ ْﻧ َﺒﺎ ُء اﻟ ُﻐﻤﺮ‪.(108/5) ،‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﻮ َء اﻟﻼﻣﻊ‪.(111/4) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ ‪ :‬اﻟ َﺒ ْﺪ َر اﻟﻄﺎﻟﻊ‪.(311/3) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﺸ ُﻒ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن‪.(397/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻣﻌﺠ ُﻢ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ‪.(166/1) ،‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬اﻟﺬﻳﻞ ﻋﲆ رﻓﻊ اﻹﴏ‪) ،‬ص‪.(172‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫اﳌَ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِ ّﲏ‪ُ :‬ﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺘَﺎ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب ا َﳋ ﱢﻄﻴﺘﺎن َو ْﺻ ٌﻒ َو َﻣﻨْ َﻬ ٌﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺚ ِﰲ َﻓ َﻬﺎر ِس اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ‪ ،‬و َﻓ َﻬﺎ ِرس ِ َﳐﻄﻮﻃﺎ ِت ا َﳌ ْﻜ َﺘﺒـﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻣﺜـﻞ ‪َ :‬ﻓ ْﻬـﺮس َ ْﳐ ُﻄﻮ َﻃـﺎ ِت ا َﳌ ْﻜ َﺘﺒـ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻓ ْﻬﺮس َ ْﳐ ُﻄﻮ َﻃﺎ ِت َدار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻓ ْﻬﺮس ا َﳌ ْﻜ َﺘﺒـ ِﺔ اﻷَ ْز َﻫ ِﺮ ﱠﻳـ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻓ ْﻬـﺮس َ ْﳐ ُﻄﻮ َﻃـﺎ ِت َﻣ ْﻜ َﺘﺒـ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْو َﻗﺎ ِف اﻟ َﻌﺎ ﱠﻣﺔ ِﰲ اﳌﻮﺻﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻓ ْﻬﺮس اﳌَ ْﺨ ُﻄﻮ َﻃﺎ ِت ِﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﳌﻠﻚ َﻓ ْﻴ َﺼﻞ ﻟﻠ ُﺒ ُﺤـﻮ ِث واﻟ ﱢﺪ َرا َﺳـﺎ ِت ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼ ِﻣ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻓ َﻬﺎ ِرس َ ْﳐ ُﻄﻮ َﻃﺎ ِت ا َﳌ ْﻜ َﺘ َﺒﺎ ِت ا ِﳍﻨْ ِﺪ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ ْﻬﺮس اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﱰاث اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِ ّﰊ ا ِﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِﻣ ّﻲ ا َﳌ ْﺨ ُﻄﻮط اﻟ ﱠﺘـﺎﺑِﻊ ﳌ َﺆ ﱠﺳ َﺴـ ِﺔ‬ ‫آ ِل اﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﺖ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺠ َﻤ ِﻊ اﳌَ َﻠﻜِ ّﻲ اﻷُ ْر ُد ِ ّﲏ‪ ،‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﱂ أﻗﻒ َﻋ َﲆ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ اﻟﻨﺴـﺨﺘﲔ ُﻧ ْﺴـ َﺨﺔ َدار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘـ ِﺐ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫـ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫و ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﴩاق ﺑﺮوﺳﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺬا ﻗﻤ ُﺖ ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا اﳌﺒﺤ ِﺚ ﺑﻮﺻ ِﻒ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ اﻟ ﱡﻨﺴـﺨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ودراﺳـﺘﻬ َﲈ ﺑـ َﲈ ﻳﻮﺿـ ُﺢ ﺣـﺎﻟﺘﻴﻬ َﲈ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺻـﺎﻟ ِﺔ‬ ‫وا َﳉ َﻼﻟﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ ِﰲ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ا َﳌ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل ‪َ :‬و ْﺻ ُﻒ اﻟ ُﻨ ْﺴ َﺨ َﺘﲔ اﳋﻄﻴﺘﲔ ﻟﻠﻜِﺘَﺎب‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ اﻷوﱃ ‪ُ :‬ﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ َدار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘ ِﺐ اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨ ُﺔ اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ِب ا ُﳌ ْﻜ َﺘ ِﻤ َﻠـ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻮ ِﺣﻴـ َﺪة‪ ،‬وﻫـﻲ اﳌُ ْﻌ َﺘ َﻤـ َﺪ ُة ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺤ ِﻘﻴـﻖ‪ِ ،‬ﻣـ ْﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻔﻮ َﻇـﺎ ِت َدار اﻟ ُﻜ ُﺘـ ِﺐ‬ ‫اﳌِ ْ ِﴫ ﱠﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﲢﺖ رﻗﻢ )‪ ،(8106‬و ُﻛﺘِ َﺐ ِﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ِ َﲥﺎ ‪َ ) :‬ﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻼ َﻣـﺔ ِ َﴎاج اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺣ ْﻔـﺺ ُﻋ َﻤـﺮ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِـ ّﻲ(‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪي ُﻣ َﺼ ﱠﻮ َرة ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﺮ َﻛﺰ ُ ْﲨ َﻌﺔ ا َﳌﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ )‪ ،(1770185‬ورﻗـﻢ اﻟـﻮرود )‪ُ (13247‬ﻛﺘِـ َﺐ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺑ َﻴﺎ َﻧﺎ ِ َﲥﺎ ‪) :‬رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ِﰲ َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ َر ْﺳ َﻼن اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ )‪َ (63‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺣﺔ ﲠﺎ َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤ َﺘﺎن )أ‪ -‬ب(‪ ،‬إﻻ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﻲ اﻟ ُﻌﻨْ َﻮا ِن َوا ِﳋ َﺘﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻜﻮن َﻋ َﺪ ُد َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ )‪َ (124‬ﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﻛﻞ َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ )‪ (27‬ﺳﻄ ًﺮا‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ )‪ (13‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ ﺑ َﺼ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﻮاﳖﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺘﻮ ٌب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﻛِ َﺘﺎ ُب َﺗ ْﺮ َ َﲨﺔ َﺳ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ َﻧﺎ َو َﻣ َﻮ َﻻ َﻧﺎ َو َﺷ ْﻴ َﺨﻨِﺎ َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم‬ ‫َوا ُْﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ا ُْﳌ ْﺠ َﺘ ِﻬ ِﺪﻳ َﻦ ‪ (....‬إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺛ َﲈﻧﻴﺔ َأ ْﺳـ ُﻄ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺜﻼﺛـﺔ اﻷوﱃ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬـﺎ ﲢﺘـﻮي‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻠ َﲈت‪ ،‬واﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲢﺘﻮي َ ْﲬ َﺲ ﻛﻠ َﲈت‪ ،‬واﻷﺧﲑ ﳛﺘﻮي ﺛﻼث ﻛﻠ َﲈت‪.‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫وﺗﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة ‪َ َ ) :‬ﲨ َﻌ َﻬﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ وﻟ ُﺪ ُه َﺳ ﱢﻴ ُﺪ َﻧﺎ َو َﻣ ْﻮ َﻻ َﻧﺎ َو َﺷ ْﻴ ُﺨﻨَﺎ َﻗﺎ ِﴈ اﻟ ُﻘ َﻀﺎة َﺟـ َﻼل اﻟـ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ َﺷـ ْﻴﺦ ا ِﻹ ْﺳـ َﻼم‬ ‫َوا ُْﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َﲔ ‪ (...‬إِ َﱃ آﺧﺮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ِﻋ َﺒﺎ َر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ ﺛ َﲈﻧﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْﺳ ُﻄ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ إِ َﱃ أﻋﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ُﻧ ْﺴ َﺨ ُﺔ ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ َﻗﺎ َل ِﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺘِ َﻬﺎ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱢﺿـ ًﺤﺎ ﺑﺪاﻳـﺔ ﻛِ َﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬واﻧﺘﻬـﺎء اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ َﺑـ ِﺔ ‪\" :‬و َﻫـ َﺬا آﺧـﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨﺔ اﳌُ َﺒﺎ َر َﻛﺔ‪ ،‬وا َﳊ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﷲ أو ًﻻ وآﺧ ًﺮا‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻃﻨًﺎ و َﻇﺎﻫ ًﺮا‪َ ،‬و َﻛﺎ َن اﺑﺘﺪا ُء َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ َﻫ ِﺬهِ اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨﺔ وﺗﺴﻮﻳ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ َﻋ ْﻘ َﺐ و َﻓﺎةِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻮاﻟِ ِﺪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﰲ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ ذي اﻟﻘﻌﺪة َﺳ َﻨﺔ ﲬ ٍﺲ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ‪ ،‬واﻧﺘﻬﺎ ُء ﺑﻴﺎ ِﺿ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و ِزﻳﺎ َدا ُﲥﺎ ُأ ِْﳊ َﻘ ْﺖ َﺑ ْﻌـ َﺪ َذﻟِـﻚ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮر‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ْﺴ ُﺒ َﻨﺎ اﷲُ َوﻧِ ْﻌ َﻢ اﻟ َﻮﻛِﻴﻞ\"‪.‬‬ ‫وﲤﺘﺎ ُز اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ ﺑ ُﺤ ْﺴ ِﻦ ا َﳋ ﱢﻂ َو ُو ُﺿﻮ ِﺣ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ درﺟ ٍﺔ ﻛﺒﲑةٍ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ًﻃﺎ ﻏﺎﻟ ًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜﲑ اﻟ ﱠﻀـﺒ ِﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﻲ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑـ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺨ ﱢﻂ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺴ ِﺦ‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﺨ َﺪ َم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ َﺾ ﻋﻼ َﻣﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ ِﻗﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟ َﻔﺎ ِﺻ َﻠ ِﺔ ﺑـ َﲔ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺒـﺎ َرا ِت‪ ،‬وإذا اﺳﺘﺸـﻬ َﺪ ﺑﺄﺑﻴـﺎ ٍت ِﻣـ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻳ َﻀ ُﻊ اﻟ َﻔﺎ ِﺻ َﻠ َﺔ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓ َﺔ ِﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻄ ِﺮ اﻷَ ﱠو ِل‪ ،‬وﻣﺜ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ ﳖﺎﻳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻄ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎ ِﲏ‪ ،‬و َﺛﻼ َث َﻓ َﻮا ِﺻـ َﻞ َﻋـ َﲆ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻜ ِﻞ ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻠﺚ ﺑﻴﻨﻬ َﲈ‪ ،‬ﻛ َﻌ َﻼ َﻣ ِﺔ َو ْﻗ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﺎ ُﻧﻖ ِﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺮءان اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ اﳌَﻨْ ُﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻛﺎ َن ُﻳ ْﻜ ِﻤ ُﻞ َأ ْﺣ َﻴﺎ ًﻧﺎ َﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ َﺔ اﻟ َﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ِﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻄ ِﺮ ِﰲ ا َﳊﺎ ِﺷ َﻴ ِﺔ ﺣﻔﺎ ًﻇﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻜـﺎ َن ﳞـﺘﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺜ ًﲑا‪ ،‬وإذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ )أ( ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺘ ُﺐ ِﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺘِ َﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ْﺮ ِف َأ ﱠو َل َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ )ب(‪.‬‬ ‫وإذا َﻛﺎ َن ﺑﺪاﻳ ُﺔ َﻓ ْﺼ ٍﻞ‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻨﻮا ٌن ِﰲ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺼ ِﻞ َﻧ ْﻔﺴ ُﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺘ ُﺒﻪ ﺑﺨ ٍﻂ ﻛﺒ ٍﲑ ﻳﺘﻤﻴ ُﺰ ﻋ ﱠﲈ ﳛﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬا اﺳﺘﺨﺪ َم ُر ُﻣﻮ َز َﻣ َﻬﺮ ِة اﻟﻨﱡ ﱠﺴﺎ ِخ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋﻼ َﻣﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺼ ِﺤﻴ ِﺢ واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻀﺒﻴ ِﺐ وا ِﻹ َْﳊﺎ ِق وا ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺠﺎ ِم وا ِﻹ َﳘﺎ ِل‪.‬‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟِﻚ ﻛﺜﲑة ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ َﳌﺎ ﲢﺪث ﻋﻦ ُﺟ ُﻠﻮ ِس َواﻟِ ِﺪه ِﰲ ﻣﺪرﺳﺘِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َل \"واﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﲑ إِ َﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ\" وﺿـﻊ ﻓـﻮ َق َﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫\"اﻟ َﻔ ِﻘﲑ\" رﻣﺰ )ﺻﺢ()‪.(1‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﳌَﺎ َﻧ ِ َﴘ ِﻋ َﺒﺎ َر َة \"واﳌُ َﻘ ﱠﻴﺪ َﻣﺎ َﻧﺼﻪ ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻧﻔﻴﲔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲠ َﲈ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻖ\" وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻠﺤـﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ أﳊﻘﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ ِﰲ اﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ِﰲ )أ()‪.(2‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َذﻟِﻚ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ َﳌﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة \"وﲨﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺪراك\"‪َ ،‬ﻇ َﻬـ َﺮ ﺣﺮﻓـﺎ اﻟـﺮاء واﻟـﻼم ﻛـﺄﳖ َﲈ ﻏـﲑ واﺿـﺤﲔ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻤﻮﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮ َﺿ َﻊ ﺑﻌ َﺪ َﺣﺮف اﻟ ﱠﺪا ِل ﻋﻼﻣ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﺤﻖ‪ ،‬وأﳊﻘﻬ َﲈ َﻋ َﲆ ﻳﻤﲔ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ ِﰲ اﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ)‪.(3‬‬ ‫)‪) (1‬ق ‪/10‬أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪) (2‬ق ‪/34‬أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪) (3‬ق ‪/40‬أ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬

‫‪ -‬و ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻀﺒِﻴ ِﺐ َﺿ ﱠﺒ َﺐ َﻣﺜ ًﻼ َﻋ َﲆ ُﺟ ْﺰ ِء َﻛﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ \"اﻷَ ْﺻﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻀ َﲈن\"‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ \" ْﺻﻞ\"‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َﺘـ َﺐ َﻋـ َﲆ َﻳ َﺴـﺎ َر ا َﳊﺎ َﺷـ َﻴ ِﺔ‬ ‫\" َﺻﺢ\")‪.(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪه ﻓﺈن َﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ واﻟﺪه ﺑﻴﺎ ًﺿﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﱰﻛﻪ ﻛ َﺬﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋـﻦ واﻟـﺪه ‪َ \" :‬و َﻗـﺎ َل اﺑـﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼﺒﺎ ِغ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﻣ ِﻞ ‪ :‬إ ﱠن َأ ْ َﲪﺪ\"‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻜﺎن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ \" َأ ْ َﲪﺪ\" ﺑﻴﺎض‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺰﻣﻪ اﺑﻨﻪ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(2‬‬ ‫وﻧﻨﻮه ﻫﻨﺎ إِ َﱃ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ِﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﳌﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻲ وﺻﻠﺘﻨﺎ أن ﻋﺪد أوراﻗﻪ )‪ (65‬ورﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺒﻪ اﳌﻔﻬﺮﺳـﻮن‬ ‫ِﰲ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﴫﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ َﻋ َﲆ َذ ِﻟﻚ اﳌﻔﻬﺮﺳﻮن ﺑﻤﺮﻛ ِﺰ ُ ْﲨ َﻌﺔ ا َﳌﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛ َﲈ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ )‪ (63‬ورﻗﺔ؛ ﻷن ورﻗـﺔ‬ ‫)‪/63‬ب(‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﳐﻄﻮط ﺟﺪﻳﺪ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺔ اﻷﺣﺒﺎب ِﰲ ﻟﺒﺲ اﻟﺴﻨﺠﺎب‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ُ :‬ﻧ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻬﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﴩا ِق ﺑِ ُﺮو ْﺳ َﻴﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ َ ْﳏ ُﻔﻮ َﻇﺎ ِت َﻣ ْﻌ َﻬﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﴩا ِق ﺑِ ُﺮو ْﺳ َﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﲢﺖ رﻗﻢ )‪ ،(369‬واﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ ﻣﺼﻮرة ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑﻤﺮﻛـﺰ‬ ‫ُ ْﲨ َﻌﺔ ا َﳌﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ ،(1499499‬ورﻗﻢ اﻟﻮرود )‪(4652‬وﻫـﻲ ﺗﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ )‪ (79‬ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻞ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺣـﺔ ﲠـﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺘﺎن )أ‪-‬ب(‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻮان‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻟﻠﺨﺘـﺎم‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻳﻜـﻮن ﻋـﺪد ﺻـﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴـ َﺨﺔ‬ ‫)‪َ (158‬ﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﻛﻞ َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ )‪ (21‬ﺳﻄ ًﺮا‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ )‪ (13‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ﱠﻣﺎ ﺧ ﱡﻂ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْﺴ َﺨ ِﺔ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻗﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﱢﻂ اﻟﻨﺴ ِﺦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒ ٌﲑ وواﺿ ٌﺢ‪ ،‬وﻏ ُﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ٍط ﻏﺎﻟ ًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬وﻏ ُﲑ ﻣﻀﺒﻮط‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻼﺣ ُﻆ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ ﻛﺜﺮ ُة اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻘ ِﻂ واﻟ ﱠﻠ َﺤ ِﻖ واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻀﺒﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﺴ َﺨﺔ ُﻣ َﺒﺎ َﴍ ًة ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠ ْﱰ َ َﲨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪون َﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﺔ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻘ ﱠﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ُﻌﻨْ َﻮا ِن ﻛـ َﲈ َأ ْﺳـ َﻠ ْﻔ َﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑـﺪاﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺷـﺒﻪ ﺑﻴـﺎ ٍض‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻼﳾ اﻟﻜﻠ َﲈت‪ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ٌد ِﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻷوﱃ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻧﺎﺳ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ُ َﳏ ﱠﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ْ َﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﲏ‪ ،‬وﺗﺎرﻳ ُﺦ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻛ َﲈ َﻗﺎ َل ﰲ ‪\" :‬ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺷـﻬﺮ اﷲ اﳌﺤـﺮم‬ ‫اﳊﺮام‪ ،‬اﻓﺘﺘﺎح ﻋﺎم اﺛﻨﺘﲔ وﺳﺘﲔ وﺛ َﲈﻧ َﲈﺋﺔ\")‪.(3‬‬ ‫)‪) (1‬ق ‪/25‬ب(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪) (2‬ق ‪/46‬أ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪) (3‬ق ‪/79‬ب(‪.‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫اﳌَ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﲏ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻨ َﻬ ُﺞ اﳌُ َﺆ ﱢﻟﻒ ِﰲ اﻟ ِﻜ َﺘﺎ ِب ‪:‬‬ ‫أو ًﻻ ‪َ :‬ﻃ ِﺮﻳ َﻘ ُﺔ َﻋ ْﺮ ِﺿ ِﻪ ﻟ ُﻔ ُﺼﻮ ِل اﻟﻜِ َﺘﺎ ِب‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌ َﺪ َأ ْن ﺑ َﺪ َأ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ ِﻒ ﺑﻮا ِﻟ ِﺪه وﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺎ ِﺻﺒِ ِﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘ ﱠﻠـ َﺪ َﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺼـﻨﻔﺎﺗِ ِﻪ اﻟﺘـﻲ َأ ْﺛـ َﺮى ﲠـﺎ ﴏ َح‬ ‫اﻷُ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬و َو َﻓﺎﺗِﻪ‪َ ،‬واﳌَ َﺮاﺛِﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ِﻗﻴﻠ ْﺖ ﻓِﻴﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻋﻨْ َﻮ َن ُﻋ ْﻨﻮا ًﻧﺎ َأ ْﺳ َﲈه \" ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮ َ ْﳾ ٍء ِﳑﱠﺎ ُر ِو َي ﻟَ ُﻪ ِﰲ اﳌَﻨَﺎ َﻣـﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﺼـﺎ َِﳊ ِﺔ‬ ‫َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َو َﻓﺎﺗِ ِﻪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻋﻨﻮا ًﻧﺎ آﺧﺮ أﺳ َﲈه \" ذﻛﺮ ﳾء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ َﻋﻨﻪ ‪َ -‬ر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨـ ُﻪ –\"‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﻢﱠ ﻋﻨﻮا ًﻧـﺎ آﺧـﺮ‬ ‫أﺳ َﲈه \"ذﻛﺮ اﻧﻔﺮاداﺗﻪ َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب ِﻟﻠ ﱠﺪﻟِﻴ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ْﺮ ِﺟﻴ َﺤﺎﺗِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺗ ْﺮﺗِﻴ ِﺐ َأ ْﺑـ َﻮا ِب ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘـﻪ\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛـ ﱠﻢ \"ذﻛـﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻠ َﲈﺗﻪ ِﰲ ﻏﲑ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻘﻬﻴﺎت\"‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ \"ذﻛﺮ َﻣﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮا َﻣﺎت َر ِ َﴈ ا ُﷲ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ\"‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟِﻚ َﻗ َﺴ َﻢ َﺟ َﻼل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺒُ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ اﳌﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮع ﻓﻴﻬﺎ واﻟﺪه وﺻﻨﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ إِ َﱃ ﻓﺼﻮل‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪\" -‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﲈ أﻧﺸﺄه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻟﻀﻮاﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﲠﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎت ﻛﻼم اﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب وﻏﲑﻫﻢ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ \" -‬ﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ ذﻛﺮ ﳾء ﳑﱠﺎ ﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻓِ ِﻌ ّﻲ واﻟﻨﱠ َﻮ ِو ّي ِﰲ اﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ َﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤﺎب‪ ،‬وﻏﲑ َذﻟِـﻚ اﻟﻄﻬـﺎرة‬ ‫إِ َﱃ اﻟﺒﻴﻮع\"‪.‬‬ ‫\" َﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮل ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘﻪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫\" َﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ َﻛ َﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺤ ِﻮ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫\" َﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻘ ُﺒﺎ ٍت َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺪ ِة َو َﺷﺎ ِر ِﺣ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻴﺦ َﺗ ِﻘ ﱢﻲ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ َﺸـ ْ ِﲑ ّي‪ ،‬اﳌَ ْﻌـ ُﺮوف ﺑِـﺎﺑِ ِﻦ َدﻗِﻴـ ِﻖ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻌﻴ ِﺪ\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ \" -‬ﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ ذﻛﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﺒﺎت وﻗﻌﺖ ﻟﻪ َﻋ َﲆ أﻃﺮاف اﳌﺰي\"‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ \" -‬ﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ ِﰲ َﻛ َﻼ ِﻣ ِﻪ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻦ\"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ ًﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺛﻴ ُﻘ ُﻪ ِﰲ ا ْﺳﺘِﺪ َﻻ َﻻﺗِﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳞﺘ ﱡﻢ َﺟ َﻼ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺒ ْﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ّﻲ ﺑﺘﻮﺛﻴ ِﻖ ﻛﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮه ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎ ِد ِره اﻷَﺻـﻠِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛـﺬا واﻟـ ُﺪه‪َ ،‬و ُﻫـ َﻮ وواﻟِـ ُﺪه‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﺬﻛ ِﺮ اﳌَ ْﺼ َﺪر واﳌُ َﺼ ﱢﻨ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وأﺣﻴﺎ ًﻧﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﺬﻛ ِﺮ اﳌَ ْﺼ َﺪر‪ ،‬دو َن ا ُﳌ َﺆ ﱢﻟ ِﻒ‪ ،‬أو اﻟ َﻌ ْﻜﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛ َﺬﻟِﻚ ﳞﺘ ﱡﻢ واﻟ ُﺪه ﺑﺘﺨﺮﻳ ِﺞ اﻷَ َﺣﺎدِﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﲣﺮ ًﳚﺎ ﻣﻔ ﱠﺼ ًﻼ‪ ،‬واﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أو َﻋـ َﲆ أﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﳚﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق اﳊﺪﻳﺚ وﻳﻘﺎرن ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﻔﺼﻞ ِﰲ َذﻟِﻚ‪ ،‬وأﺣﻴﺎ ًﻧﺎ ﳜﺘﴫ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ َذﻟِـﻚ ﲣﺮﳚـﻪ ﳊـﺪﻳﺚ ‪\" :‬إِ ﱠن َﺧ ْﻠـ َﻖ‬ ‫َأ َﺣ ِﺪ ُﻛ ْﻢ ُ ْﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻄ ِﻦ ُأ ﱢﻣ ِﻪ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ َﲔ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ‪ ،\"...‬ﻓﻘﺎل ‪ :‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨﺎ ِر ّي‪ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱢ ْﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ّي‪ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َداود ِﰲ اﻟ َﻘ َﺪ ِر‪،‬‬ ‫واﺑ ُﻦ َﻣﺎ َﺟﻪ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨﱠﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻨ َﺴﺎﺋِ ّﻲ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺴﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬