ชฎาพร โพคัยสวรรค์

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 240 The Telephone Your telephone rings. You answer it and the person calling speaks to you. As you converse you are faintly aware of the wind howling around the corner of your house and a street car rumbling past. Somewhere in the distance a train whistles and in another part of the house a door slams. Those sounds are vibrations-mechanical vibrations-that set air waves to vibrating against your eardrum, which causes a message to be transmitted to your mind. Each of them has its own number of vibrations per second-that is called frequency. The motion which you give to the molecules of air when you speak is not like that of the wind where a multitude of air molecules sweeps along. In a spoken word, or in any musical sound, the molecules dance back and forth. First they advance, pushing against the eardrum, and then they retire and the membrane of the ear springs back. Over and over again this happens, hundreds and even thousands of times every second. The higher pitched the voice of the speaker, the higher the frequency and the more rapid is the dance. And yet it is a dainty dance, for the weight of a snip of human hair only about one thousandth of an inch in length would press as heavily upon the sensitive eardrum. Sound waves do not travel very far or very fast. Actually they poke along at only 1,075 feet per second and the farther they travel the more faint they become. But when their electrical counterparts travel, as in a telephone circuit, their speed may be increased as much as 900,000 times. Though they, too, weaken as they travel along, they may be amplified at intervals and repeated with practically the same clarity and tone as when they were spoken, no matter how far they have traveled. Alexander Graham Bell was able to invent the telephone because, as an expert in instructing the deaf, he had extensive knowledge both of vocal-cord vibration and of the operation of the human ear. His interest in the electrical transmission of speech grew naturally out of his broad knowledge of acoustics and his experiments with an invention intended to send several telegraph messages at one time over a single wire. This “har-monic telegraph,” as he called it, utilized strips of steel organ reeds mounted so that they would vibrate over electromagnets.

241 มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง(Top-down reading) 1. (skimming) 2. (scanning) 3. 4. ” 5. 6. 7. 8. “ 9. “ ” 10.

242 . (2556). . :. . (2551). .: มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง . Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles : An Interactive Approach Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: A Pearson Education. Devine, Y. G. (1986). Teaching Reading Comprehension : From Theory to Practice. Newton: Allyn and Bacon. Google Image. (2020). Foreign Magazine Cover. Retrieved June 8, 2020, from https://www.google.com ------------. (2020). Foreign Newspaper First Page. Retrieved June 8, 2020, from https://www.google.com Richards, J. C. & Schmidt, R. (2010). Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. New York: Routledge.

. (2556). . :. . (2542). Reading English for general Purposes. : มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง . . (2542). ( 3). : . . (2523). Reading English for General Purposes. : . . (2542). 1. : . . (2557). Intensive Reading. : . . (2547). . :. . (2551). . ( 12). :. . (2558). .: . Blachowicz, C. & Fisher, P.J. (2005). Integrated Vocabulary Instruction : Meeting the Needs of Diverse Learners in Grades K-5. Illinois: Learning Point Associates. Blair, T.R., Turner, E.C. & Schaudt, B.A. (1992). Teaching Reading : A Practicum Approach to Elementary Reading. New York: Holtr, Rinehart and Winston Inc. Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles : An Interactive Approach Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: A Pearson Education. Burmeister, L.E. (1975). Word-From Prints to Meaning. Phillipines: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Carroll, P. (1983). “Schema Theory and ESL Reading Padagogy” In Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 244 Chalermpatarakul, C. et al. (1990). Systematic Reading I. Bangkok: Thammasat University Press. Devine, Y. G. (1986). Teaching Reading Comprehension : From Theory to Practice. Newton: Allyn and Bacon. Duran, C.G. & Rodriguez, L.A. (2013). The Use of the Dictionary as a Teaching Learning Resource. Retrieved on April 4, 2020 from http:www. sliideshare.net/DIEGO FMACIAS/using-the-dictionary-as-a-teaching-tool. Ellis, R. & Tomlinson, B. (1980). Teaching Secondary English. London: Longman. Finocchiaro, M. (1974). English as a Second Language from Theory Practice. New York: Regent Public Company. Gairn, R. & Redman, S. (2006). Working with Words : A Guide to Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Image. (2020). Foreign Magazine Cover. Retrieved June 8, 2020, from https://www.google.com ------------. (2020). Foreign Newspaper First Page. Retrieved June 8, 2020, from https://www.google.com Grabe, W. & Stroller, F. (1997). Reading and Vocabulary Development in a Second Language. In J. Coady & T. Huckin (Eds.), Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition (pp.98-122). New York : Cambridge University Press. Haugnes, N. & Maker, B. (2004). NorthStar : Reading and Writing. New York: Pearson Education, Inc. Hook, J. N. & Stevens, R. L. (1971). Teachin Elementary Reading : Principles and Strategies. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovick. Hornby, A.S. (2005). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. (7th ed.). London: Oxford University Press. Keen, D. (1985). Developing Vacabulary Skills. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers. Miller, W. H. (1990). Reading Comprehension Activities Kit. New York: The Center for Applied Research in Education. Nation, I.S.P. (2003). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง245 Nunan, D. (1995). Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Olanvoravuth, N. (2003). Business English Communitcation. (9th ed.). Pathum Thani: Thammasat University Press. Richards, J. C. & Schmidt, R. (2010). Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. New York: Routledge. Rubin, D. A. (1993). A Practical Approach to Teaching Reading. New York: Allyn and Bacon. Sánchez, R.M. (2009). Research on Dictionary Use. Retrieved on June 6, 2009 from http://accurapid.com/Journal/32 dictuse. htm. Sherboune, J.F. (1997). Toward Reading Comprehension. (2nd ed.). Lexington: D.C. Health and Company. Sinclair, J. (2006). Collin COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. (New ed.). Bishopbriggs: HarperCollin Publishers. Singleton, J. (2005). Writers at Work : The Paragraph . New York: Cambridge University Press. Summers, D. (2006). LONGMAN Exams Dictionary. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Thammonglol, K. (1998). Learing to Read and Reading to Learn : For Better Reading Skills. (3rd ed.). Bangkok: Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Company Limited. Thornbury, S. (2002). How to Teach Vocabulary. Harlow Essex: Pearson Education. Western Language Program Staff. (2017). English Reading in Dialy Life. Bankok: Suthphaisarn Builder. Wiener, H.S. & Bazerman, C. (1988). Reading Skills Handbook. (4th ed). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

มหาวทิ ยาลยั ราชภัฏหม่บู า้ นจอมบงึ 246

มหาวทิ ยาลยั ราชภัฏหม่บู า้ นจอมบงึ 247

มหาวทิ ยาลยั ราชภัฏหม่บู า้ นจอมบงึ 248

249 1มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบงreccommend accommodate Activity 1.1 accummulate 1. recommend occasion 2. accomodate personnel 3. accumulate benifit 4. occassion vacuum 5. personel omited 6. benefit comittee 7. vaccuum seperate 8. omitted 9. committee 10. separate Activity 1.2 6. act up 1. absent 7. add 2. absolute 8. addition 3. act 9. add up 4. act out 10. arm 5. actual Activity 1.3 509 6. gamble 510 1. gait 511 7. galley 510 2. gamp 511 8. gargle 512 3. gang 512 9. gaiter 509 4. gaol 509 10. gardener 512 5. gall

250 Activity 1.4 5. /ti: /, /ti:ð/ 1. /bilí:f/, /bilí:v/ 6. /pr ktis/, /pr ktis/ 2. /ju:u/, /ju:z/ 7. /bre / , /bri:ð/ 3. /haus/, /hauz/ 8. 4. / bjú:s/, / bjú:z/ มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 1.5 b. 1 c. 2 d. 2 A. bright b. 2 b. 3 c. 2 a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 B. kind b. 1 c. 3 b. 3 c. 2 a. 1 b. 3 c. 1 C. by b. 1 c. 2 d. 1 b. 1 c. 3 d. 1 e. 1 a. 3 b. 3 c. 2 d. 2 e. 1 D. give b. 4 c. 2 d. 3 e. 1 b. 2 c. 2 d. 2 e. 1 a. 1 E. hard a. 2 F. back a. 1 G. dull a. 2 H. green a. 3 I. fair a. 2 J. light a. 1 K. play a. 1 L. have a. 1

251 M. goมหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบงb. 3 c. 2 d. 1 a. 1 b. 1 c. 2 b. 3 c. 1 N. keep b. 3 c. 1 a. 2 b. 2 c. 1 b. 2 c. 1 O. rich b. 2 c. 1 a. 2 b. 2 c. 1 b. 3 c. 2 P. run b. 2 c. 2 a. 2 b. 3 c. 2 b. 2 c. 1 Q. draw a. 3 R. hold a. 3 S. cry a. 3 T. wild a. 3 U. put a. 1 V. fix a. 1 W. make a. 1 X. for a. 3 Activity 1.6 6. ra.di.ator 1. gas.ket 7. si.len.cer 2. ex.haust 8. car.bur.et.tor 3. ac.cel.er.ator 9. me.ticu.lous 4. dis.tribu.tor 10. re.vers.ible 5. dy.namo

252 Activity 1.7 6. wives 1. knives 7. analyses 2. tomatoes 8. halves 3. salmon 9. stories 4. oxen 10. potatoes 5. mice มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 1.8 6. drove/driven 1. lit/lit 7. ate/eaten 2. hit/hit 8. thought/thought 3. dug/dug 9. caught/caught 4. undid/undone 10. lost/lost 5. knelt/knelt Activity 1.9 6. forbid 1. wind 7. lay 2. mistake 8. wear 3. swear 9. dye 4. alight 10. cry/lose 5. bite Activity 1.10 1. color 2. skeptic 3. plow 4. defense 5. center

253 มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง2 9. m 10. a Activity 2.1 11. d 1. k 12. f 2. h 13. i 3. b 14. c 4. g 15. e 5. n 6. l 6. c 7. j 7. d 8. o 8. b 9. d Activity 2.2 10. c 1. d 2. c 6. inexperienced 3. d 7. inability 4. c 8. impossible 5. a 9. incorrect 10. insecure Activity 2.3 1. impatient 11. unhappy 2. irregular 12. disobey 3. improper 13. informal 4. illegal 14. inattention 5. imperfect 15. non-sense Activity 2.4 1. indirect 2. illegible 3. impolite 4. irregular 5. unlucky

254 6. dishonest 16. dissatisfied 7. inexpensive 17. inadequate 8. uneducated 18. inability 9. unemployed 19. improper 10. dislike 20. illegal มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 2.5 6. impossible 1. unimportant 7. illegible 2. inexpensive 8. impurity 3. irresponsible 9. inconvenience 4. unemployment 10. illegal 5. unlock Activity 2.6 6. interrupted 1. mispronunciation 7. pronounce 2. disobedience 8. predicts 3. unchanged 9. received 4. excluded 10. dissatisfaction 5. reversed Activity 2.7 6. a 1. b 7. c 2. c 8. c 3. b 9. b 4. a 10. a 5. c Activity 2.8 7. idealist 1. specialist 8. accountant 2. columnist 9. traveller 3. projector

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง4. employer 255 5. inventor 6. wholesaler 10. engineer 11. contestant Activity 2.9 12 motorist 1. president 2. occupant 5. preference 3. eraser 6. refusal 4. governor 7. agreement 5. artist 8. resistance Activity 2.10 6. courageous 1. appearance 7. symbolic 2. approval 8. classical 3. difference 9. residental 4. appointment 10. official Activity 2.11 1. memorize 2. notify 3. sweeten 4. apologize 5. beautify Activity 2.12 1. friendly 2. helpful 3. healthy 4. careless 5. dangerous

256 3 6. d 7. b Activity 3.1 8. a 1. a 9. b 2. a 10. d 3. b 4. d 5. d มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 3.2 1. Signal : is In English : the place for keeping a car In Thai : 2. Signal : is In English : the highest place of the mountain In Thai : 3. Signal : is called In English : A small meal between breakfast and lunch or lunch and dinner In Thai : 4. Signal : called In English : A very large frog In Thai : 5. Signal : is In English : A person who makes woman’s clothes In Thai : 6. Signal : is called In English : a plane figure of six sides and six angled In Thai : 7. Signal : is In English : A ship that can travel under the surface of the ocean In Thai :

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 257 8. Signal : that is In English : a person who writes about someone’s life In Thai : 9. Signal : is In English : a person who makes pictures in a book or magazine In Thai : 10. Signal : is In English : a small vessel used by workmen or soldiers for carrying water In Thai : Activity 3.3 1. Signal : -..................- Clue : to travel by asking car or truck drivers for free rides Meaning : 2. Signal : (..................) Clue : a long, narrow container Meaning : 3. Signal : or Clue : printed Meaning : 4. Signal : (..................) Clue : small fish with sharp teeth that eat meat Meaning : 5. Signal : in other words Clue : lazy Meaning : 6. Signal : ,...................., Clue : short trips Meaning :

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 258 7. Signal : ,...................., Clue : an illness in which the blood does not have enough red blood cells Meaning : 8. Signal : -..................- Clue : the large building Meaning : 9. Signal : , Clue : very cold Meaning : 10. Signal : or Clue : spoiled milk Meaning : Activity 3.4 1. Signal : like Clue : cars, planes, regular and electricity trains Meaning : 2. Signal : such as Clue : crocodiles, turtles and snakes Meaning : 3. Signal : for example Clue : geography, oceanography and chemistry Meaning : 4. Signal : for instance Clue : plains, trenches, canyons and mountains Meaning : 5. Signal : like Clue : strange idea Meaning :

259 6. Signal : for example Clue : sport section, entertainment section and classified section Meaning : , , 7. Signal : for instance Clue : He was an outstanding architect of his day Meaning : 8. Signal : like Clue : DDT, dieldrin and others Meaning : 9. Signal : such as Clue : meeting financial obligations, juggling time between a part-time job and large amounts of homework, and learning new technology Meaning : 10. Signal : e.g. Clue : company, presidents and vice-presidents Meaning : มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 3.5 6. c 1. c 7. b 2. b 8. a 3. d 9. d 4. c 10. a 5. a Activity 3.6 1. Engines means machines. 2. condiments means seasonings. 3. Utilities means useful services for the bublic. 4. Hobbies means activities that you enjoy doing in your spare time. 5. Kitchen utensils means tools or containers used for cooking.

260 Activity 3.7 6. d 1. b 7. a 2. c 8. d 3. d 9. c 4. b 10. c 5. a มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 3.8 1. Signal : so Clue : a trustworthy person Meaning : 2. Signal : therefore Clue : has stopped reading technical journals for years Meaning : 3. Signal : in order to Clue : has built fences around his field Meaning : / 4. Signal : because Clue : Mrs.Thompson likes Tom very much. / He works very hard on the farm. Meaning : 5. Signal : as the result Clue : questioned the man for almost two hours Meaning : 6. Signal : because Clue : can’t wash this suit/needs only dry-cleaning Meaning : 7. Signal : since Clue : Tom always worked hard and well for five years Meaning :

261 8. Signal : so Clue : worked very hard all day Meaning : 9. Signal : as Clue : would like to get married Meaning : 10. Signal : so Clue : inns were built and markets opened Meaning : มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 3.9 1. Signal : but Clue : quiet Meaning : 2. Signal : even though Clue : like Meaning : / 3. Signal : but Clue : very few Meaning : 4. Signal : in contrast Clue : very big Meaning : 5. Signal : but Clue : alive Meaning : 6. Signal : but Clue : bright Meaning :

262 7. Signal : however Clue : moist Meaning : 8. Signal : Although Clue : complete มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Meaning : 9. Signal : yet Clue : exciting Meaning : 10. Signal : but Clue : famous Meaning : / 4 6. they, the farmers 7. it, ring Activity 4.1 8. he, Sutee 1. the other, store 9. there, London 2. that, the story 10. one, plan 3. where, the town 4. which, our vegetable garden 5. others, students Activity 4.2 1. Running 2. Runners 3. long races 4. the winners 5. give more financial support to the average student 6. a woman 7. A spokesman 8. solar energy 9. My friends 10. The children

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 263 Activity 4.3 1. physical disorders 2. a Mercedes, a condominium 3. Drinking fine wines and eating Italian food 4. problems with balance 5. a flag and a national anthem 6. a fire 7. raise and lower the balloon to find a good wind direction 8. carry film and heavy equipment everywhere 9. deaf and blind 10. A tornado Activity 4.4 1. a 2. a, d 3. d 4. b 5. a, d Activity 4.5 1. a book 2. some oranges 3. some coffee 4. the streets which are in Chiang Mai 5. some people who do not enjoy city life 6. David’s two daughters who are not nurses 7. English is very easy 8. air 9. the biggest tree 10. the Thai stamps which are in the book

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 264 Activity 4.6 1. dose : spends time on homework 2. it : a leather jacket one of them : his colleagues his : his leather jacket 3. This sound : loud, clear call the creature : a tree dog the tiny animal : a tree dog the full-grown male : full grown male tree dog the performance : a tree dog’s sing 4. everyone : the boys one : the strange-looking insect its : the strange-looking insect this poisonous creature : the strange-looking insect it : the strange-looking insect He : scoutleader he : Johnny 5. this process : dig out enough roots 6. this (line 1) : shy and timid this (line 2) : There were crocodiles in England many centuries ago. their : crocodiles’ bones 7. this (line 3) : become a Communist country this (line 4) : condition are improving 8. They : The drivers that : things it : octopus them : things that do not move 9. him : child It : learn to live with his strong natural emotions and desires 10. they : sailboats this : move your boat in any direction

265 5มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง9. 10. Activity 5.1 11. 1. 12. 2. 13. 3. 14. 4. 15. 5. 6. 7. 8. Activity 5.2 6. clothes 1. occupation 7. fruits 2. flowers 8. furniture 3. sports 9. Asia 4. sewing 10. medicine 5. tools 11. Landscape Activity 5.3 12. Exercises 1. Continents 13. Islands 2. Vegetables 14. Appliances 3. Soft Drinks 15. Types of Societies 4. Religions 16. Celebrations 5. The United Kingdom 17. Diets 6. Jewelry 18. South America 7. Kitchen Utensils 19. Resources 8. Music Instruments 20. Regime 9. Hobbies 10. Weapons

266 Activity 5.4 1. Seasons : summer, spring, winter, autumn 2. Subjects : mathermatics, history, science, English 3. Sports : swimming, soccer, volleyball, basketball 4. Languages : English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean 5. Insects : ladybug, ant, grasshopper, cockroach 6. Clothes : T-shirt, trousers, shorts, jacket 7. Pets : dog, cat, lamb, sheep 8. Types of Vehicles : car, bus, van, train, plane 9. Television Programs : news, soap opera, movie, talk show 10. Stationary : pencil sharpener, rubber, paper clip, cutter มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 5.5 6. d 1. b 7. b 2. c 8. b 3. b 9. a 4. c 10. b 5. b 6 6. c 7. o Activity 6.1 8. c 1. o 9. c 2. o 10. o 3. c 4. o 5. c Activity 6.2 1. Diabetes is an enormous problem in Asia and it’s getting worse. 2. Seahorses’ populations have been dropping everywhere they are fished. 3. Organ transplants are saving and extending the lives of young and old alike.

267 4. The planet we live on is not just a ball of inactive material speeding through space. 5. Carelessness has made the home a dangerous place. 6. Those are ways in which desert plants get and store water. 7. Straw had some very special uses in early ages. 8. A college education has a different meaning for different people. 9. the injection of weakened or killed bacteria into the bodies of animals would make the animals immune. 10. One of the greatest dangers to life on earth is the wholesale pollution of the environment. มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 6.3 6. (1) 1. (1) 7. (1) 2. (3) 8. (4) 3. (1) 9. (1) 4. (2) 10. (1) 5. (1) Activity 6.4 6. a 1. a 7. d 2. c 8. b 3. d 9. a 4. d 10. c 5. b

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 268 7 Activity 7.1 1. Topic : (1.6) Different desires in using vehicles Main idea : (1.5) People have different desires in using vehicles. Details : A. (1.7) Some purchase a sedan because it is more attractive, and convenient to drive. B. (1.4) A station wagon is needed for a large family or a person having many things to carry while travelling. C. (1.8) A trader prefers to buy a truck for his/her business. 2. Topic : (2.4) The charm of Beijing Main idea : (2.8) Most tourists are interested in visiting Beijing. Details : A. (2.7) It is a combination of old and modern traditions. 1. (2.5) Tourists can absorb the ancient atmosphere while visiting temples, palaces, the Great Wall of China and so on. 2. (2.9) Tourist can go back to take a rest at a luxury Hotel and shop at a modern shopping arcades. 3. Topic : (3.4) Finding a good job Main idea : (3.3) Finding a good job requires a great deal of work. Details : A. (3.6) Job seekers should tell as many people as possible that they are available for employment. 1. (3.10) They can tell friends and relatives, inform college career placement officers, and call employment agencies. B. (3.7) They can also send résumé to possible employers. C. (3.8) They can read the job description ads in newspapers.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 269 4. Topic : (4.5) My future wife Main idea : (4.8) My future wife will look beautiful and have many beautiful qualities on the inside. Details : A. (4.1) She will be a cheerful person. 1. (4.4) I want a wife to smile at me and make me happy. 2. (4.11) I like to hear laughter in the house. B. (4.16) She will be a self-confident wife. 1. (4.15) She will not be afraid to try new things. 2. (4.12) If she fails, she will not be afraid to try again. C. (4.3) She will be gentle. 1. (4.10) I want to come home to a gentle wife. 2. (4.14) Her soft way will make me feel better. 3. (4.17) I think children need a gentle mother. D. (4.6) She will always be faithful. 1. (4.13) I want her to love only me. 2. (4.7) Our heart will be safe. 5. Topic : (5. ) Causes of pollution Main idea : (5. ) All of us contribute to pollution. Details : A. (5.3) We toss gum wrappers and cigarette butts onto the street. B. (5.6) We use throw-away packages. C. (5.9) We use phosphate-containing detergents to wash our clothes. D. (5.8) We use pesticides to kill insects. E. (5.4) We ride car.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 270 Activity 7.2 1. Topic : Seat belts Main idea : Although seat belts have been shown to save lives, people give a number of reasons for not using them. Details : A. They are a nuisance. 1. The belt is uncomfortable and inhibits freedom of movement. B. Many people are lazy. 1. It is too much trouble to put on and adjust a seat belt. C. Some people don’t believe they will have an accident. 1. They will be able to respond quickly to avoid a crash. D. Some people are afraid the seat belt will trap them in their car. 1. If they have an accident, they might not be able to get out of a car. 2. Topic : Difficult features of spoken English Main idea : There are several features of spoken English that make it difficult for me to understand. Details : A. Many words are not pronounced as they are spelled. B. Native speakers contract words and phrases. 1. “What are you doing ?” becomes “Whacha doin”? 2. People should speak clearly. C. Native speakers have a wide range of accents. 1. A British accent is different from an American one. D. There are lots of idoms and slang expressions. 1. These expressions also differ depending on the area a speaker is fun. E. There are sounds that don’t exist in my language but do exist in English. 1. These sounds are difficult for me to extinguish.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 271 3. Topic : The importance of stamps Main idea : Stamps are excellent sources of historical information. Details : A. Almost every nation celebrates its military heroes and political readers on its postage stamps. B. Scientists and artists, from Einstein to Beethoven, also grace the stamps of the world. C. Famous battles are frequently commemorated. D. Buildings and scenes are historical significance. E. Several of the world’s stamps are beautiful, full color reproductions of the art master pieces of different historical period. 4. Topic : Studying a foreign language Main idea : I believe that all students in all countries should study a foreign language. Details : A. Knowing another language can help you in your life. 1. You have a better chance for a good job. B. You learn about the world and its cultures. 1. A language is not separate from the people who speak it. 2. When you learn language, you learn more the words. C. You learn about yourself. 1. You have the chance to look at your own language and culture through someone else’s eyes. 5. Topic : Animals’ problem solving Main idea : Certain instances show that animals can solve problems. Details : A. Animals have found ways of escaping confinement. 1. Horses have unbarred gates; dogs have unlatched doors. B. Animals have learned unusual methods of obtaining food. 1. One dog brought his dish from the basement and presented it to his master when he was hungry. 2. Apes learned to use tokens to obtain food from machines.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 272 C. Animals have met danger by changing their way of life. 1. Sea otters, faced with extinction in the 1880’s, left their homes on the beaches of the northern Pacific and moved out to the kelp in the sea. 6. Topic : Gestures Main idea : Gestures are often used to emphasize an overt thought and reveal a concealed emotion. Details : A. A policeman can stop a car by raising his hand. B. A shopper will often point at the items she wants to buy and frown at the price. C. A criminal may reveal his guilt by unknowingly lowering his eyes at the mention of the crime. D. Clenched fists may indicate anger or hostility even though a person is outwardly friendly. 7. Topic : A clue to your personality Main idea : A favourite color may be a clue to your personality. Details : A. People who prefer red clothes were often talented, flashy and tempermental. B. Those who select yellow were found to be warm, open and secure. C. Strong-willed people favour white. D. Reasonably friendly people dress predominately in hues of green. 8. Topic : The end of life on earth Main idea : Many scientist believe that life on earth will eventually end. Details : A. The oxygen supply in our atmosphere has been gradually decreasing and will be used up in a billion years. 1. Other fates may overtake us before that time.

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 273 B. The sun may explode, destroying life in an instant. C. Another star may pass so close us to disrupt the gravitational pull between the sun and the earth and shift the earth closer to the sun, where it will face destruction from the intense heat. 9. Topic : American’s behavior Main idea : American are very restless people. Details : A. They never really relax. B. They do everything quickly. 1. They walk rapidly and talk quickly and eat hastily. C. They work hard. D. Time is very important to Americans. 1. They are always looking at clocks or watches and are never unaware of the time or date. 10. Topic : To be a good reader Main idea : To be a good reader you must be careful to go through the following steps. Details : A. Make a good survey of the passage. 1. Read the first and last lines. 2. Let your eyes quickly pick up as many words as you can in a few second (not more than 10 seconds). 3. When you finish your survey, you know something, but not very much. B. Ask yourself some questions. 1. For example, if in your survey you noticed the word “made”, your questions might be “who made something ? when did they make it ? where did they made it ? why did they made it ? what was it made of/from ? ”.

274 2. Whether the answers appear in the passage or not, it is important. 3. What is important is that you have a specific aim in reading. C. Read to find specific information. 1. You should not read every word. 2. You should scan the passage. D. Read to find specific information. 1. You ask yourself “what does the writer talk about ? and what does the writer want to say ?” to get the topic and the main idea of the passage. 2. You identify the major details that support the main idea and see if any major details have minor details. มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 8 6. Budget Travel 7. Good Food Activity 8.1 8. baby 1. VOGUE 9. Photoshop 2. MONEY 10. Automatic 3. Entertainment 4. Men’s Health 5. Music Week Activity 8.2 6. CANADIAN STAMP NEWS 1. The Indian EXPRESS 7. DIARY EXPRESS 2. The New Zealand Herald 8. The Japan Times 3. USA TODAY 9. Bangkok Post 4. CHINADAILY 10. CHINADAILY 5. Bangkok Post

275 Activity 8.3 1.1 CB radios 1.2 To persuade readers to have CB radios in their car or truck 1.3 Five 2.1 Second and third-class passengers did not have an equal chance for survival on the Titanic. 2.2 collision with an iceberg 2.3 two hours 2.4 more than 1,600 passengers มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง Activity 8.4 1. the Vice-Admiralty Court 2. October 24, 1936 3. May 30, 1814 Activity 8.5 6. Los Angeles 1. 2 flights 7. 10.18 2. KLM 8. 10.58 3. Flight number 801 9. BA 4. 8 destinations 10. Fight number 786 5. 6 planes Activity 8.6 1. 2-3 hrs. 2. No. 3. 129 kms. 4. 2 hrs. – 2 hrs. 30 mins 5. No. 6. Ratchaburi 7. No. 8. 2 hrs.-2 hrs. 20 mins

276 9. Yes. 10. 101 kms. Activity 8.7 Labour Strikes in Thailand มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False Daily Paper Circulation in Great Britain 1. False 6. False 2. True 7. True 3. False 8. False 4. True 9. True 5. False 10. False Activity 8.8 1.1 Industry and frugality 1.2 The way to wealth depends mainly on industry and frugality 1.3 The way to market 2.1 His apartment was robbed 2.2 Sometime while Mr. Blank was at work on Tuesday, August 30 2.3 131 West Elm Street 2.4 He fainted 2.5 Mr. Blank’s heighbor 2.6 Some old Home Decorator magazines and a can of pork and beans

มหาวทิ ยาลยั ราชภัฏหม่บู า้ นจอมบงึ Activity 8.9 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a 277

มหาวทิ ยาลยั ราชภัฏหม่บู า้ นจอมบงึ 278

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 279 1 8 8.1 cheery/chicken 8.2 32 entries 8.3 chess 8.4 2 definitions 8.5 2 parts of speech 8.6 cheese cake, cheese cloth, cheese similar, cheese paring 8.7 3 syllables 8.8 check 8.9 adjective 8.10 1) upper front part of the baby, enclosed by the ribs containing the heart and lungs 2) large, strong box with a lid of storing, eg clothes, tools, money, medicine, tea, etc. 9 9.1 1) meaning : to officially agree to a plan, request, etc. 2) part of speech : verb 9.2 1) meaning : money charged for a journey by bus, ship, taxi, etc. 2) part of speech : noun 9.3 1) meaning : to do business; to manage or direct something 2) part of speech : verb 9.4 1) meaning : to help the progress of something; to encourage or 2) part of speech : verb 9.5 1) meaning : the design, manufacture and operation of aircraft 2) part of speech : noun 2) part of speech : noun

280 10 10.1 Handle means to deal with. 10.2 Recipe means a set of instinctions for preparing a food dish. Sprinkled means to drop a few pieces over a surface. 10.3 Retain means to continue to have something. Merge means to comebine or join together. 10.4 Distinguish means to understand the difference between two things. 10.5 Recognize means to know something because you have seen that thing before. มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 2 3.6 employ 3.7 port 3 3.8 regular 3.1 active 3.9 act 3.2 friend 3.10 loan 3.3 train 3.4 circle 3.5 industrial 4 = in- 4.1 prefix = -ible = access suffix = impossible to reach base/root =- meaning = -ity 4.2 prefix = van suffix = too much pride in your own appearance base/root = im- meaning = -ize 4.3 prefix = mobile suffix = to prevent someone or something from moving base/root meaning

281 มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง4.4 prefix = bi- suffix = -ion base/root = sect meaning = ividing something into two equal parts = re- 4.5 prefix = -ation suffix = loc base/root = moving to a different place meaning = post- =- 4.6 prefix = script suffix = extra details or information that you add after a story base/root = tele- meaning =- = phone 4.7 prefix = the system of communication you use to have a suffix base/root conversation with someone in another place meaning =- = -ify 4.8 prefix = simple suffix = to make something easier base/root = trans- meaning = -ation = port 4.9 prefix = a system or method for carrying passengers or suffix base/root goods from one place to another meaning =- =- 4.10 prefix = bio, logy suffix = the scientific study of living things base/root meaning

282 5 5.1 recycled means to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again unwanted means not wanted or needed 5.2 means not being used or never used มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง microcomputer means a small computer that contains a microprocessor inexpensive means cheap 5.3 unemployed means without a job 5.4 nonstop means without any stops 5.5 misunderstanding means a situation in which a comment, an instruction etc. is not understood correctly pretest means a test that you take to find out how much you already know or can do before learning or doing something 6 6.9 bankruptcy 6.1 remittance 6.10 departure 6.2 penalty 6.11 boredom 6.3 hibenation 6.12 boyhood 6.4 excellence 6.13 relationship 6.5 municipality 6.14 delivery 6.6 eruption 6.15 patriotism 6.7 achievement 6.8 difficulty 7.6 soften 7.7 populate 7 7.8 simplify 7.1 justify 7.9 vend 7.2 publicize 7.10 sympathize 7.3 beautify 7.4 lengthen 7.5 originate

283 8 8.7 muddy 8.1 rocky 8.7 courageous 8.2 powerful 8.9 reasonable 8.3 pleasure 8.10 contagious 8.4 urgent 8.11 ignorance 8.5 favorable 8.12 uncontrollable 8.6 humorous มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 9 9.6 universal 9.1 explosive 9.7 disciplinary 9.2 wolfish 9.8 foolish 9.3 appreciative 9.9 spiritual 9.4 alphabetical 9.10 influential 9.5 secondary 10 10.1 backward 10.2 forward 10.3 illegitimately 10.4 shortly 10.5 likely 5 10 10.1 Owls 10.2 Magazines 10.3 Montreal’s Winter Festival 10.4 Sundials 10.5 Fins 10.6 Desert Plants 10.7 The Importance of Water to Man 10.8 The Pollution of the Environment

มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง 284 10.9 Electricity : Helpful but Dangerous 10.10 The Smallest Unit of Matter 6 10 10.1 Topic : The Uses of Self-hypnosis Main idea : Self-hypnosis is indeed a powerful tool that has varied benefits and reminds us that mind and body are one. 10.2 Topic : How to do a test Main idea : You will do better on tests if you follow a few simple suggestions. 10.3 Topic : Japanese City and Country Homes Main idea : The homes of city and country Japanese can be quite different. 10.4 Topic : Louis Armstrong Main idea : Louis Armstrong is an example of the person who has moved from rags to riches. 10.5 Topic : Telescope Main idea : The largest telescope is at the Mt. Palomar Observatory in California. 10.6 Topic : Unbelievable Results of Tornadoes Main idea : Whenever there are tornadoes, one will hear strange and almost unbelievable results of these storms. 10.7 Topic : Television : An Excellent Teachers Main idea : Television can be an excellent teacher for everyone from very young children to the oldest of viewers. 10.8 Topic : Probation Main idea : Probation is the type of punishment administered to young people.

285 10.9 Topic : How to Visit Thailand Main idea : Aliens visiting Thailand must possess valid passport 10.10 Topic or acceptable travel documents and appropriate visas Main idea before entering the country. : Obstacles to Effective Learning : Tension and anxiety are obstacles to effective learning. มหา ิวทยา ัลยราช ัภฏห ู่ม ้บานจอม ึบง