دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية للفصل الاول اداب و فلسفة سنة ثالثة ثانوي

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 D. Mastery of Languagea)- Consider the example below:Arab-Islamic scholars were able/ managed to establish longitudes and reformthe calendar.Europe was able / managed to develop because the Arabs brought with themthe seeds of a new enthusiasm for science.- For expressing ability in a particular situation, we use : was/were able to + stem or managed to + stem 13

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 Qanun fi’l-tibb (Canon of Medicine) The Arabic text in naskh script in brown ink on buff paper; has anopening title a -pagedecorated with centralshamsa. became the textbookreference of the medical schoolsboth in the Islamic world and inEurope almost until thebeginning of modern times.Thanks to Ibn Sina`stremendous and most valuablework, doctors were able totreat their suffering patients andmedical students were able tostudy medicine.Activity 1: - Complete thesentences with was/ were ableto. 14

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 1. Ibn Sina, the outstanding figure in Arab medicine, …… ………………to describe the symptoms of numerous diseases in his famous Canon of Medicine.2. Ibn Rushd …… ………… …. show the relation between the Holy Quran and the philosophical work. 3. Al-Biruni ……… ………….. …. give Arabic culture a universal dimension.4. Arab mathematicians …….. ………. …. superpose star-like polygons with six, eight, ten or twelve points. 15

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬35. Ma`mun, The son of Harun Al-Rashid, …… ………. …. found the first great Arab centre of translation and thought: The Bayt Al-Hikma ('the house of wisdom'). 16

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 6. La Fontaine ..… ……… to write `Les Fables` after he had read a translation of Ibn Al - Muqaffa`s masterpiece of Arabic literature: “Kalila Wa Dimna”.A page from Al Muqaffa`s book`Kalila wa Dimna`7. The great mathematician and poet Omar Khayyam ..……… …………..…… ….... propose solutions for equations of the third degree. 17

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 Arab Names for Arab Gifts\"Could I invite you to have something with me in this café? Take off your jacketand sit down on the sofa or on the divan. Would you like a cup of coffee with onesugar lump or two? Or perhaps a cool carafe of lemonade? Let me buy youlunch! What about artichokes as a starter? And rice and spinach to follow?For dessert, would you like a piece of apricot tart, or an orange sorbet?” Did you know that all these things, which are part of our daily life, wereall borrowed from the Arab culture? The sofa, the divan or the mattress, thiscafé and the cups of coffee they serve with the sugar, the lemonade and thecarafe, the jacket and the same goes for candy, oranges, sherbet and many othergood things. We also owe to the Arabs useful and precious textiles such asmuslin, cotton, taffeta, soft mohair, elegant satin, beautiful moiré, sumptuousdamask etc... You encounter a lot of Arab \"discoveries\" whenever you set foot in apharmacy or a herbalist's. You might find camphor, benjoin and benzine,saccharine, amber, and cumin, not to mention, ginger and saffron . The gauze,talc or hair lacquer that you might buy at the pharmacy are also of Arabic origin,as are numerous chemical terms such as alkali or aniline. 18

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 Did you know that the game chess was introduced to Europe by anemissary of the Caliph Harun Al Rashid? So there you are – checkmated! Andonce again, we're using Arabic without even thinking about it because theexpression \"checkmate\" is a direct derivation of the Arabic ``al-shah mat``,meaning simply \"the king died!’’ There's no denying that a lot of the Arabic words which have found theirway into our language refer to items introduced to us by the Arabs. In fact, we inthe West ought to thank the Arabs for making our lives healthier and morehygienic, as well as more comfortable and elegant.Translated and adapted from ‘’Le Soleil d'Allah brille sur l'Occident ‘’ by SigridHunke 19

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3II - Mastery of Language :- Use and omission of the definite articleWe do not use `the` when we talk We use `the` when we talk aboutabout things or people in general particular things or peopletermsSofas and divans are comfortable Sit down on the sofa or on the divan.seats. Many words were borrowed from theCulture is what distinguishes Arab culture.a society from another. The earliest civilization arose inCivilization comes from the Mesopotamia.Latin word civis. The progress he made is astonishing.Progress includes all formsof developments .Activity 1: Supply `the` where necessary: 1)- Calligraphy : (1) … Calligraphy lies at (2) … very heart of (3)… Arabic - Islamic art. In (4) … Islamic tradition, (5) … writing is a gift of (6) … God, first taught to Adam. Furthermore, (7) … Arabic is (8) …language in which God transmitted his message to(10) … mankind, through (11) … the Prophet Muhammad (Peace upon Him). (12) … introduction of paper and (13) 20

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3…spread of (14) … books contributed to (15) …development of (16) …calligraphy.2)- Mathematics(1) …golden age of (2) … Arab science was marked by (3) … greatmathematicians such as (4) … poet Omar Khayyam, who in addition to (5) …famous Quatrains also proposed solutions for equations of (6) … thirddegree.(7) … history of mathematics is full of (8) … Arab inventions (9). … Arabicword “algorithm”, for example, comes from (10) … title of “Kitab Al-Jabr”(from jabara, “to set bones”) written by (11) … great mathematician Al-Khawarizmi . 21

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 A stamp issued in 1983 to commemorate the 1200th anniversaryof Muhammad Khawarizmi the al- fatherPage from al-Khwarizmi`sKitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala,the oldest Arab work onAlgebra 9th century. The Arabs named (12) … “0 al-sifr as thename for (13) … symbol indicating (14) …absence of quantity. (15) …. Latin changed(16) … Arabic word into cifra, which in Italybecame zefero, and then zero. Then it passedinto (17) … English and (18) …. French . At(19) …same time, French borrowed (20) … 22

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3word cifra and transformed it into (21) … chiffre (“number”), to refer to (22) …numbers in general.(23) … letter “x”, used by (24) … mathematicians all over (25) …world and referring to (26) … unknown quantity is adeformation of (27) … Arabic “shay”, meaning “thing”. 23

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 Writing Reorder the words so as to write coherent sentences: 1. religious / combination / treatment / Ancient / of / practiced / civilizations / a / and / medical /. ........................................................................................... 2. responsibility / In / medical / the / and / of / treatment / Egypt / was / Egypt / magician /the/ both/ Mesopotamia /and/ the physician /. ........................................................................................... 3. / was / Progress / human / the / corpses / hampered /of/ religious / in/ science / ban/ on / the / medical /by/ dissection / ........................................................................................... 4. could/ itself / 600 BC / science /Medicine /as / /rational / science / / establish / a / around.............................................................................................. 24

Education in the World: Sequence IEducation in the World:Sequence I: The Right to EducationReading comprehensionPronunciationWord BuildingMastery of LanguageComparison / ContrastWriting

Education in the World“The foundation of every state is the education of its youth. ” Diogenes Laertius (ancient Greek philosophers` biographer)

Sequence I The Right to Education

A- Read about the Right to education and try to give your definition of the word ``education``. The right to education is a fundamental right. It is essential andindispensable for the exercise of all other human rights and for development. “As an empowerment right, education is the primary vehicle by whicheconomically and socially marginalized adults and children can liftthemselves out of poverty, and obtain the means to participate fully in theircommunities.” None of the civil, political, economic and social rights can be exercisedby individuals unless they have received a certain minimum education.

a- Make a list of all the words that education brings to your mind.………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….b- What indicates that education is an empowerment right? gives individuals power? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….

A . Reading ComprehensionRead the following text then do the activities: Education in Great Britain Great Britain doesn’t have a written constitution so there are no constitutional provisions for education. The system of education is determined by the National Education Acts. Schools in England are supported from public funds paid to the local education authorities.

These authorities are responsible for organizing the schools in theirareas. The features of public education in Britain show that in spite of mosteducational purposes, England and Wales are treated as one unit, though thesystem in Wales is different from that of England. Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own educational systems. Themajority of schools in Britain are supported by public funds and theeducation provided is free. They are maintained schools, but there is also agreat number of public schools. Most pupils go to schools which offer freeeducation, although fee-paying independent schools also play an importantrole. The English school syllabus is divided into Arts /or Humanities/ andSciences.

The National Education act in 1944 provided three stages of education;primary, secondary and further education. Everybody has a right to a schoolplace for a child from 5 to 16, and a college place for him or her from 16 to18. That means that education is compulsory from 5 to 16. The National Curriculum which was introduced in 1944 sets out thesubjects that children should study and the levels of achievement theyshould reach by the age of 7, 11, 14 and 16. They study various subjects andmust be given religious education unless the parents decide otherwise After young people reach 16, they have 4 main ``roads`` of their nextlife. They can leave the school, stay at school, move to a college as a fulltime student, combine part-time study with a job through the Youth TrainingProgramme. But a growing number of students are staying on at school,until 18 or 19, the age of entry into higher education or university,polytechnics or colleges. Schools in Britain provide careers guidance. Acareers advisor or careers officer helps students to decide what job they wantto do and how they can achieve that.

During their process of education, the young people in Britain takeexams. Since 1988, most sixteen-year-old have taken the GCSE (GeneralCertificate of the secondary Education) in 5, 10 or 15 subjects. Pupils goingon to higher education or professional training usually take ``A`` levelexaminations in 2 or 3 subjects. These require two more years of study after GSCE. Others may choosevocational subjects: catering, tourism, secretariat, building skills.



Activity 1: Complete this table with the information from the text: Nursery School5 years old COMPULSORY ……………… School11 years old EDUCATION …..……………. School ……………… exam16 years old ……………… exam 18 years old Higher education University ……………. College

Activity 2: Answer these questions according to the text:1- How do schools in England function?…………………………………………………….....................2- What characterizes the educational systems of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland?…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………….3- What possibilities are offered to the students when they reach the age of 16?…………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………..4- What is the role of a career advisor?……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..Activity 3: Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) which can explain the following words:1. Funds are: a- missions b- cheques c- sums of money d- loans2. Purposes are:

a- plans b- interests c- programmes d- researches3. Compulsory means that it b- must be done d- is not obligatorya- is controlled c- is fundamental4. Catering means: b- repairing machinery d- providing food a- informing c- exporting

B. Pronunciation Spelling1- Pronouncing –s endings. The pronunciation of the final-s- depends on the sound that comes before the final-s (or es).. Notice that -s endings include: - noun plural ( e.g. Two girls ) - third person singular verbs ( e.g. She works) - possessives ( e.g. Tom’s house) - and the short form of is or has (E.g. He’s ill / she’s two children…)

.The final –s is pronounced /s/ after the sounds/k/ books /p/ tops /t/ cuts/f/ roofs /θ/ baths.It is pronounced /z/ after the vowels and the sounds:/b/ robs /d/ binds /g/ dogs /l/ balls. It is pronounced /iz/ after the sounds :/s/ buses /z/ buzzes / ³ / washes/t ³ / peaches /dz/ lodgesActivity 1: In each group, all the words except one have the same pronunciation at the end. Underline the odd one in each group.e.g.: sleeps runs taps cooks gets1- the boy’s room begins chooses cars meals2- bridges crosses seems watches dances3- industries factories it’s cold obtains builds4- barks tips coughs spaces cups5- papers rooms dances pens rubbers6- catches punches scars touches dodges

7- admires insults insures disturbs citiesActivity 2: Read this paragraph and classify the words in the table below according to the pronunciation of the final – s. The uses of satellites There are satellites that carry cameras to take photographs of the Earth. We use these photos for making maps. We can also get information about cities, villages, mountains, oceans, rivers, fields and trees. We can even find out what plants are growing in the fields./s/ /z/ /iz/

C.WORD BUILDINGWe form some adjectives with these suffixes: al , ible and ic. e.g. educational responsible economicActivity 1:Add the appropriate suffix to each root to getan adjective:1. access ……… 6. anti ……….2. ration ..……… 7. nation …….3. sensation ….. 8. romant ……4. plast ……….. 9. virtu ………5. adverbi ……. 10. sympathet ……

Activity 2: - Match the adjectives in column A with their definitions in column B:-A- -B-1- accidental 1. d a- that can be touched2- antiseptic …. b-deserving to be reproved3- tangible …. c- easily shaped or moulded4- trivial …. d- happening by chance5- inaudible …. e- preventing the growth of bacteria6- plastic7- aboriginal f- of races of people and natural …. objects existing in a region from the earliest times. …. g- that cannot be heard8.reprehensible …. h- of small value, superficial

D. MASTERY OF LANGUAGEa- The Present SimpleLook at the verbs in these sentences.Education is compulsory from 5 to 16.Most pupils go to schools which offer free education.They don’t pay any fees and the local education authoritiesget money from public funds.The verbs are in the ……………….. ……………….. tense.We form the negative with the:auxiliary ……… or ……..+ not + the…………… of the verb.When the verb is-be- (is/are), we form the negative with:…………………… or …………………+ not.

Activity 1: - Rewrite these sentences into the negative using the information in brackets in place of the underlined word(s).1- The students take exams during their process of education. (jobs) The students …………………………………………….2- Education is compulsory in the developed countries (optional) Education ………………………………………………..3- Students have the right to go on strike. (Policemen) Policemen …………………………………………….4- Schools in the United Kingdom provide careers guidance. (in Algeria) Schools ………………………………………………….5- The local education authorities are responsible for organizing schools. (building).The local education authorities ……………………………. ………………… ……………………………

Activity 2 : Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.This scene ( not / take ) ………….. place in England, but in the U.S.A.These people ( not / practise ) …………………….. tennis or golf; theypractise stickball. ( You / know ) ……………. stickball? It ( be / not )……………….. a professional sport. The players ( not / have )……………………….. a coach and ( not / play )………………………….in a stadium, but on city streets.

b – The passive in the present simple:Look at these sentences and complete the rule below:e.g. The system of education is determined by the National Educational Acts. Schools are supported by public funds.Both sentences contain:the auxiliary ……………… + a …………… ……………the auxiliary ……… is in the ………….. ………… tense.Both sentences are in the passive.Activity 3: Rewrite these sentences in the passive.

e.g.: They dispose of rubbish in a landfill. Rubbish is disposed of in a landfill.1- They pick up the tea leaves in April. ………………………………. in April.

2- People consider Victoria Falls one of the seven natural wonders of the world. ……………………………………………………… one of the seven natural wonders of the world.3- They keep animals in reservations in South Africa.……………………….. in reservations in South Africa.

4- The Drakenstein Mountains overlook the winelands in Cape Town. ……………………………………………………………...5- They organize elephant back safaris in reservations. ………………………………………… in reservations.

6- They refine oil before they export it. …………………………………. before it ……………….Notice! The agent ( by + subject ) is not mentioned whenthe subject is: they, he, she, people or someone.

E. Comparison / ContrastKeep in mind:To show comparison / contrast, we use: similar to + noun phrase- be + : the same as + noun phrase different from + noun phrase- like and alike.Read these examples:Catering is a vocational subject like tourism.Catering and tourism are alike.The curriculum in England is the same as the curriculum in Wales.The system in Wales is different from that of England. Activity 4: Read the information below and write sentences comparing the educational system in Great Britain with that in France.

Great Britain France Curriculum- different systems (Wales, - identical curriculum for all FrenchEngland, Scotland … ) students.- schooling starts at the age of 5. - schooling mandatory at the age of 6. Streams- Arts of Humanities / Science/ Economy / “Lettres” Science ExamsBritish “A” – Levels similar to the Baccalaureate examination

F. WritingActivity 1: - Reorder these sentences to write a coherent paragraph:a- But some years ago literacy centres were set up in villages and towns.b- In the past, it was a shame and a scandal to send girls to school.c- Rokia N’dugu, 54, a Tanzanian woman became literate only a few years ago.d- Consequently, a lot of people attended evening classes and learnt reading and writing.e- Only the boys had that privilege when their families could afford it.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....………………………………………………………………….

Activity 2: Write a composition on the following topic: What are the advantages of education in your opinion?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 3 Comparatively speakingWhat kids should learn in preschool?Survey based on responses from Japanese, Chinese and American preschoolteachers, parents and child–development specialists. Qualities Japan China USA- Perseverance 2% 13% 3%- Cooperation- Concern of others 30% 37% 32%- Creativity- Reading and math skills 31% 4% 5%- Self-confidence- Art, music and dance 9% 17% 6%- Communication skills- Physical skills 0% 6% 1%- Health and hygiene- Gentleness 11% 6% 34% 0,3% 1% 1% 1% 4% 8% 0,3% 1% 1% 14% 11% 1% 0% 05 o%

- What do you think children should learn in preschool? Rank five qualities from the list above.I personally think the five qualities children shouldlearn at school are ………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….

Sequence II Education in the USAReading comprehensionPronunciationWord BuildingMastery of LanguageWriting

A. Reading ComprehensionRead the following text then do the activities: A Diverse Educational System Most children begin when they are five years old. First they go tokindergarten for one year. Elementary school is next, and it lasts five years.Middle school follows; it goes from the sixth grade to the eighth grade. Highschool or secondary school is from the ninth grade to the twelfth grade. Atthe end of twelve years of education, students receive a high school diploma. Most of the students who do not attend public elementary and secondaryschools attend private schools, for which their families pay tuition. A great

number of these schools are run by religious groups. In these schoolsreligious instruction is part of the curriculum which also includes the traditional academic courses. There is also a small but growing number of parents who educate their children themselves, a practice known as home schooling. After high school, students may choose to go to a technical school, a college, or a university. Technical schools offer courses in many technical fields like mechanics, electronics,computer, etc. Some technical schools offer associate degrees.A college offers subjects of study for many bachelor degrees. It usuallytakes two years to get an associate degree and four years for a bachelor’sdegree. Publiccolleges and universities charge tuition. There is no clear direction betweenthe quality of education provided at public and private schools. However,this does not mean that all institutions are equal.

A student who hasgraduated from ahighly regardedcollege may have adistinct advantage when he or she seeksemployment. Thus, competition to get into the more renowned schools can be intense. A third choice is the university. It also offers associate and bachelor’s degree plus master’s and Ph.D. degrees. A master’s degree usually takes two or three years and a Ph.D., or doctorate degree, takes three to 8 years. Universities offer degrees in business, education, edicine ,etc. Students who want to become doctors go to medical schools after a bachelor’s degree

School Grades Degrees DiplomaKindergarten 1st – 5thElementary 6th – 8thMiddle 9th – 12thHighTechnical School College UniversityFields Degree Time Degree Time Degree 2 years associate 4–5 bachelor years masterelectronicsmechanics associate 2–3computers years 3–8 Ph.D. years 4 years bachelorMedical school follows a bachelor degree

Activity 1: Choose the best answer (a, b, or c):1. Students receive a diploma a)- when they are 12 years old. b)- at the end of high school. c) before they start high school.2. Students go to a …………………. to study mechanics. a)- college b)- university c) technical school3. To get a bachelor’s degree in a college, it takes a)- four years b)- two years c)- three years4. In private religious schools, the curriculum includes a)- religious instruction only. b)- religious instruction and the traditional academic courses. c)- traditional academic courses only.5. Students compete to get into the more renowned schools. a)- so as not to pay any tuition. b)- to avoid attending public colleges. c)- in order to get abetter job later.Activity 2: What or who do the underlined words in the text refer to?a)- … for which their families … => ………………………b)- … their children themselves … => ……………………...c)- … who has graduated … => ………………………