دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية للفصل الاول اداب و فلسفة سنة ثالثة ثانوي

E. Writing: 1. Below are the words that end Hammurabi’s Code: Supply the underlined phrases with the equivalent ones from the box so as to get a modern version of the statement: ``Let any oppressed man who has a cause come into the presence of mystatue as king of justice, and hear my precious words, that my stele maymake the case clear to him; may he understand his case, and may his heartbe set at ease!\"Box:to see me as a judge - listen to my verdict - he feel relieved - persecuted -suffers from an injustice - oppressed - investigation - may clarify.e.g.: oppressed: persecuted.1. has a cause: …………………………………2. into the presence of my statue as king of justice: …………………………………….4. my stele may make the case clear: ……………………………. the case.

5. his heart be set at ease!: ……………………… Now, write the full version of Hammurabi`s Code. Start like this: Let any persecuted man who ……………………………. ………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………. .……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………. …………………….…………………………………………2. Answer the questions and use the joining words between brackets to write a paragraph about Hammurabi’s Code. 1. What is Hammurabi`s Code? ( first legal system) 1. Who was it created by? ( King Hammurabi of Babylon) (who) 2. When did he reign over Mesopotamia? (1792-1750) 3. Who did it protect? ( all classes of Babylonian society) 4. Why is it significant?(because) ( allowed everyone to understand the laws )…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

Sequence III Ancient TimesTHE TOWER OF BABELReading comprehensionPronunciationVocabulary BuildingMastery of LanguageWriting

THE TOWER OF BABEL The legend says that the people of the Earth were building a colossal towerthat would reach heaven. To stop their plans, God separated them to differentlands and languages. The Tower of Babel marks the origins of the nations of the Earth.

A. Reading comprehension History of MesopotamiaA- Read the text carefully:The Sumerians Around 2050-2000 BC, Sumeria which had been a powerful kingdom in the western part of Asia, was attacked by invaders and became Babylonia. The Sumerian city of Ur in Southern Mesopotamia

The Kassites and the Assyrians The First Dynasty of Babylon, which lasted about 200 years, enteredinto a period of prosperity and relative peace. Between the 16th century andthe 12th century BC other invaders (the Kassites and the Assyrians had gainedcontrol over Babylonia before Nebuchadnezzar I, defeated them and re-established the kingdom of Babylonia. An Assyrian temple

The Chaldeans : When Chaldeans had risen to power in Babylonia during the 800s BC,their influence became so strong that Babylon came to be known as Chaldea.Many 9th and 8th century BC Babylonian kings were of Chaldean origin.

The Empire of Babylonia Babylon ( Bab-ilim ), in Arabic ‘the gate of knowledge’ was the mostimportant city of the ancient world. It was located in what is now southern Iraq.Records have been found of highly developed religion, history, literature andscience, including medicine, chemistry, alchemy, botany, zoology, math andastronomy in the 3rd Millennium BC. The Babylonians way of life had been soeffective that it exerted influence on all the neighbouring countries. The Babylonian Gate ( Bab el ilm in Arabic)

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon In 586 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II, who had inherited the Empire of Babylonia, restored Babylon and built the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one ofthe Seven Wonders of the World. The ancient Hanging Gardens of Babylon is an achievement that shows thelevel of ancient Babylonian art, engineering and architecture. A series of terraceswith trees planted on top of stone arches 23 meters above ground were wateredfrom the Euphrates by a complicated mechanical system. The gardens were built to cheer up Queen Amyitis, who felt homesick aftershe had left her green native land to live in the flat, sun-baked land ofMesopotamia. The king decided to recreate her homeland by building anartificial mountain with rooftop gardens.

The Persian and Greek Domination After Nebuchadnezzar had died, Babylon declined and became part of the Persian Empire in 539 BC. Then it was conquered by Alexander the Great in 331 BC and remained under Greek rule until 652 AD. Activity 1: Say if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones by quoting the text.e.g.: After Summerians had invaded Babylon , it became the First Dynasty of Babylon. (F). After Summeria had been invaded, it became the First Dynasty of Babylon.1. King Nebuchadnezzar I, defeated the Kassites and the

Assyrians as soon as they had invaded Babylonia.1. ……………………………………………………………2. Babylonia was also called Chaldea.2. …………………………………………………………………..3. Babylonia was situated in Iran.3. …………………………………………………………………4. Babylonia became the world centre of Science, Literature and art.4. ………………………………………………………………….5. The Babylonians were skilled in different fields.5. ………………………………………………………………..6. The Hanging gardens of Babylonia were a gift from king Nebuchadnezzar to his wife.6. …………………………………………………………………7. After Nebuchadnezzar had died, Babylon declined and became part of the Persian Empire.7. ………………………………………………………………….8. The Greek domination lasted a long period of time.8. ………………………………………………………………

B. Pronunciation- ch is pronounced /k/ in words from Greek origin: chemist – Christians – architect - character etc.- ch is pronounced `-tch` (phon /tf/) in: church – chair – cheese – to choose – chain etc.

C. Vocabulary Buildinga)- Verb + Preposition in / on /toVerb+ in - I don’t believe in ghosts. - She specializes in ancient civilizations. - Did she succeed in her final exam.Verb+ to - All the students contributed to the research project. - What happened to your car? It’s bumped.Verb+on - He is still studying. He depends on his parents for money. - A miner’s salary is too low. It’s not enough to live on. - You can rely on her. She always keeps her promises.

Activity1: Now, complete the sentences using one of the followingverbs (in the correct form + the correctpreposition:depend - succeed - happen - rely - believe - specialize - live -contribute.e.g.: Things are expensive here. You can’t live on very little money.1. You know that you can …………….. …….. me if you need help.2. Did you …………… …… .collecting information for your research project?3. I haven’t seen James for ages. I wonder what has ………….. ….. him.4. I don’t know if he’ll be there on time. It …………. ….. the traffic.5. The introduction of paper ………………………. …… the development of art in the Arab civilization.6. He is a historian. He ………………. ……. ancient civilizations..7. Do you ……………… ……. extra terrestrial creatures?

2. Verbs associated with the act of governing: - Match the definitions below with the correct verb:Definitions Verbs1. To have the official power to a)- to dictate control a country and its people, especially as a monarch.2. To officially control a country, b)- to reign state etc. and make all the decisions about things as taxes c)- to rise to and laws usually as a power president.3. To exercise a dominating influence over people or things.4. To exist for a period of time as a d)- to govern very important character5. To become important, powerful e)- to conquer or successful6. To win control of a land or country by f)- to rulefighting in a war

1. f 2. …. 3. …. 4. …. 5. …. 6. ….3. Now, complete each sentence with the correct verb: 1. A republic is a state …………… by a president. 2. A monarchy is a state ……………… by a king or a queen. 3. The UN troops ………………. the situation. 4. Confusion …..……… the week before the elections. 5. You can’t ………………… how I should live my life. 6. Zidane ……………. stardom with the 1998 World Cup. 7. By the end of 638, the Muslims had ……………… nearly all the neighbouring provinces.

D. Mastery of Languagea)- The Past Perfect:- Consider the statements and the provided timeline: -Sumeria which had been a powerful kingdom, was attacked by invaders and became Babylonia. Sumeria had been was attacked and became -----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-----------------Æ- Babylon declined and became part of the Persian Empire afterNebuchadnezzar had died.had died decined/ became----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/---------------ÆAll the statements refer to past events.When we want to talk about things that happened before a specificmoment in the past, we use:the past perfect.-The action that happened first is expressed by the past perfect-The action that happened next is expressed by apast simple.

Affirmative form Subject + had + past participleInterrogative form Had + Subject + past participleNegative form Subject + had not + past participle ( hadn`t )Activity 1: Consider the statements below and complete the provided timeline: 1.The Kassites and the Assyrians had gained control over Babylonia before Nebuchadnezzar defeated them and re-established the kingdom of Babylonia.…………………………… ……………/………….. -----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-----------------Æ

2. When Chaldeans had risen to power , Babylon came to be known as Chaldea. …………………………… ……………………….. -----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-----------------Æ3. After Nebuchadnezzar II had inherited the Empire of Babylonia, he restored Babylon and built the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon. …………………………… …………/…………….. -----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-----------------Æ4.The Babylonians way of life had been so effective that it exerted influence on all the neighboring countries. …………………………… ……………………….. --------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-------------------Æ5. Queen Amyitis felt homesick after she had left her green native land.…………………………… ……………………….. ----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/------------------ÆActivity 2: Put the verbs into the past perfect simple:e.g.: The doctor took off the plaster that he had put on six weeks before.1. Invaders destroyed the temples and monuments that the inhabitants of the city (build) .……………….2. When she went out, she (finish) ………………… typing the research project.

3. Nobles who (serve) ……………………………. the pharaoh were buried with treasures and their belongings.4. After they (collect) …………………… the pictures from the internet, the students selected them.5. Yesterday, Archaeologists examined the vase they(unearth) ………………………………. two days before.6. When they ( record) ………………. the discoveries , they displayed them in the museum.7. After they (see) …………………………… the pictures ,Activity 3: Now, supply the correct tense (past simple or past perfect) of the verbs between brackets:e.g.:- He became famous after he had appeared on the TV programme.1. They ( not start) …………………. decorating the new centre until they (complete) …………………………. the plans.2. As soon as they (select) ……………… architects andengineers, they (launch) ……………………. the newproject.they decided to spend their holidays in Egypt .

3. Before Arabs (conquer) ……………………… Persia, they (start) ………………………. to spread the Islamic culture and civilization.4. King Nebuchadnezzar (build) ………………… the Babylonian Hanging Gardens as soon as he (defeat) ……………… the invaders.5. I (never / see) ……………………… any of Mohamed Racim`s paintings before I (visit) …………………….. the museum.6. He (be) ………………………… very pleased with himself because he (find) ……………………… the information he was looking for on the internet.

Ancient Egypt 3200–343 BC ‘’Universe fears time. Time fears Pyramids.’’ (Arabic proverb) The Egyptian civilization, which is one of the three oldest civilizations inthe world, began at around 3200 BC. Around 8000 BC people migrated to theNile River because of climate changes. Ancient Egypt gains credit for the tallest ancient pyramids and early formsof surgery and mathematics.

Activity 1: Read the text below and answer the questions: 1)- In which paragraphs is contrast mentioned?…………………………………………………………………… 2)- Which words or phrases are used to express contrast?…………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared Although both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed as the two great earlycivilizations, the two countries produced quite different societies and cultures. Despite initial influence, Egyptian culture separated itself fromMesopotamia in a number of ways.The Egyptians adopted a hieroglyphic alphabet instead of the SumerianMesopotamia. In spite of the fact that trade was extensive in both societies, theeconomic growth in Mesopotamia was more important. Technologicalimprovements were more sophisticated because their environment was moredifficult to manage than the Nile valley.Social differences were less obvious .It is probable, though, that the status ofEgyptian women was higher in the upper classes, in part because marriagealliances were vital to the preservation and stability of the monarchy.Some significant similarities must be noted: For instance both Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies were divided insocial classes, with a noble class on top and masses of peasants and slaves at thebottom. Priests were the most important persons after the king. There was acommon interest in astronomy and mathematics, which produced importantdiscoveries.

Both civilizations lasted far longer than the civilizations that came later and leftan important heritage to mankind.Activity 2: - Choose the sentence which has the same meaning as the first one:1. Although both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed as the two great early civilizations, the two countries produced quite different societies and cultures.a)- Both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed as the two great early civilizations because, the two countries had quite different societies and cultures.b)- Both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed as the two countriesgreat early civilizations but the twoproduced quite different societies and cultures c)- Before Egypt and Mesopotamia developed as the two great early civilizations, both countries had different societies and cultures.2. Though both countries focused on mathematics and astronomy, Egyptian achievements were far less advanced than those of Mesopotamiaa)- The two countries showed a common interest towards mathematics and science but Egyptian achievements were higher.b)- The two countries showed a great interest towards mathematics and science but Mesopotamian achievements were higher.c)- Egyptian and Mesopotamian achievements were high because the two countries were distant from each other.3. Despite initial influence, Egyptian culture separated itself from Mesopotamia in a number of ways.

a)- Originally Egypt was influenced by Mesopotamia but then it developed differently.b)- Egyptian culture separated itself from Mesopotamia in a number of ways because they wanted to .develop a new civilization.c)- Both Egyptian and Mesopotamian culture were influenced ina number of ways.4. In spite of the fact that trade was extensive in both societies, the economic growth in Mesopotamia was more important.a)- Because trade was less extensive in Mesopotamia the economic growth was more important.b)- After they had developed trade in Mesopotamia, the economic growth in both countries was more important.c)- Trade was extensive in both societies. However the economic growth in Mesopotamia was more important.5. Although the hot dry climate and seasonal flooding were difficult , Mesopotamians learned to control the flooding rivers. and produced various crops. a)- The climate was hot and dry. Consequently seasonal flooding happened frequently.b)- Mesopotamians learned to control the flooding rivers and produced various crops because of the hot dry climate.c)- The climate was hot and dry and seasonal flooding were difficult but Mesopotamians were able to control the flooding rivers and produced various crops- Consider the statements below. They all have the same meaning but are expressed differently:

Examples: i Although it did not rain a lot, Egyptians managed to develop farming. i Egyptians managed to develop farming though it did not rain a lot. i In spite of the fact (that) it did not rain a lot, Egyptians managed to develop farming. i Despite the fact (that) it did not rain a lot, Egyptians managed to develop farming.Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences below as in the examples. Use : In spite of / Despite or Although / Though. 1. Egyptians did not have advanced technology but they were able to build huge pyramids. ……………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………… …… 2. Writing was monopolized by priests but schools were very important learning centres. …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… 3. The surrounding lands were rocky but Babylonians developed sophisticated techniques in irrigation and agriculture. …………..……………………………………………… ………………………………………………………….

Activity 4: In which paragraph are these ideas expressed? Justify your choice by quoting the text:e.g. Egypt benefited from Mesopotamian civilization: § -1- Quotation: `Despite initial influence, Egyptian culture….` 1. An `elite` dominated in both societies: § - …. – Quotation: ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………. 2. The inventions were more significant in Mesopotamia because of geographical reasons § - …. – Quotation: ………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………… 3. Religious authority came just after the king`s: § - …. - Quotation: ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………. 4. We are endowed to both civilizations: § - …. - Quotation: ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………..

KEEP IN MINDa)- The connectors : - Although / Though / In spite of / Despite are used to express contrast.Although / Though + Subject + VerbIn spite of / Despite + Noun / Pronoun / GerundIn spite of the fact (that) + Subject + verbDespite the fact (that)

b)- Comparatives: Activity 1: Complete the table below with information from the text : Mesopotamia EgyptD - Sumerian alphabet: - hieroglyphic alphabet:if - use of clay …………………. or - use of …………….f ……………………………..er - …………………… advanced - fewer ……………..e achievementsnc- more………………………….. - less important …….e ………………. growth ………………………..s - ………….. ………………… - technological ……… more sophisticated improvements - ………. ……….. of women - ………….. status of women Activity 2: Write sentences using comparatives as in the example. Use the words between brackets:e.g.: Papyrus was …………. (cheap) tablets or animal skin. Papyrus was cheaper than tablets or animal skin. 1. There were (few) ………………. achievements in Egypt …………… in Mesopotamia.

2. The Greek civilization is (old) ………………………… the Roman civilization. 3. People used to be hunters and farmers . However, hunting was an (early) ……………………….. form of satisfying people’s basic needs …………… farming. 4. The status of Egyptian women was (high) ……… ………… the status of Mesopotamian women.“ The Arabs made our lives a lot healthier and much more hygienic, as well asmore comfortable and elegant.’’ Sigrid Hunk.1. For short adjectives that have -1 syllable or 2 syllables for adjectives ending in-y add –er… + (than)- old older - slow slower - late later- easy easier - heavy heavier - early earlier…. Short adjective + -er + ( than ) …

Activity 3: Write sentences using comparatives as in the example. Use the words between brackets:e.g.:- The Mesopotamian environment was (difficult) ……. …………… to manage ………. the Nile valley. - The Mesopotamian environment was more difficult to manage than the Nile valley.1. In the past, Doctors diagnosis was (complicated) ………. ……………… because medical knowledge was limited.2. Mesopotamian surgeons were (successful) …………….. …………… in setting broken bones ………….. Egyptians.3. Egyptian medical knowledge was, however,(advanced) ……………………………… than Babylonian medicine.4. Ceremonies are (impressive) ……………………………. nowadays ………… they were in the ancient times .

2. For long adjectives (2/3/4 syllables) add more … (than) modern more modern (than) … interesting more interesting (than) … … more /less + long adjective + ( than) …- Economy in Mesopotamia was more important than in Egypt.- Economy in Egypt was less important than in Mesopotamia.Before comparatives You can use: much / a lot / far = (a lot) / a bit / slightly = (a little) /- Technology in Mesopotamia was much more advanced than in Egypt.- Egyptian achievements were far less advanced than those of Mesopotamia .Activity 4: Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences as in the example:e.g. : - I enjoyed the museum visit. It was (far/interesting) …………………. than I expected. - I enjoyed the museum visit. It was far more interesting than I expected.1. Athens is …………………………………. (slightly / old) than Roma.

2. Babylonian artisans were ……………………………… (much / skilled) in metallurgy and in making fabrics than Sumerians.3. It’s ………………………………. (a lot / easy) to learn a language in the country where it is spoken.4. Egyptian medical knowledge was …………………………. (much / advanced) than Babylonian medicine.5. Could you speak (a bit / slowly) ………………….. please?6. The connection between science and religion was ( much / strong) …………………………….. in the area of medicine than in any other branch of science.7. He feels (a little / well) …………………………………… Than yesterday.- Consider the statements below: x The priests were the most important persons after the king. x It took 20 years to complete the largest pyramid in Egypt.Activity 1: Now write sentences using superlatives as in the example. Use the words between brackets:1. The Babylonian religious events were (impressive) ……..................................... ceremonies reported at that time.2.The Atacama Desert in Chile is …………………….. (dry) place in the world.3. Mount Waialeale in Hawaii gets 1,170 centimetres of rain a year. It is ………………………… (wet) place on earth!

4. The (hot) capital city in the world is Muscat, in Oman.5. The (long) …………………. river in the world is the Nile.6. The Himalayas are some of (dangerous) ….…………… …………………. mountains to climb.C. Superlatives1. For short adjectives ending in:a). two consonants, add –est (or just –st if theadjective ends in-e)- long the longest large the largestb). -y, change –y to –I and add –est. - early the earliestc). a single vowel + consonant, double the final consonant and add –est. - big the biggest… the + long adjective + -est …2. For long adjectives (2 syllables or more , add the most- famous the most famous- beautiful the most beautiful The most + long adjective …

3. Irregular comparative and superlative forms:- good/well better the best- bad worse the worst- far further the furthest

E. Writing summarize the Use the notes below tovarious invasions of ancient Mesopotamia.Facts:. 5000 BC : Summerian rule over Mesopotamia. The 14th century BC.: Invasion by the Assyrians.. Toward the end of the 12th century BC.: Foundation of the 2d Dynasty of Isin under the Akkadian control.. In the 9th century BC, The Chaldeans` reign over the country.. 539 BC. Annexation of Babylon to Persia.. Most of Mesopotamia: part of the empire of Persia, until 224 AD.. 331 AD: Conquest of Mesopotamia. by Alexander the Great.. Until 652 AD : Greek domination.

Start like this:- Many dynasties and empires ruled ancient Mesopotamia.The Sumerians had ruled the region before the Assyriansinvaded it …….……...……………………………………..……………………….………………………………………….…………………..………………………………………………..…………..………………………………………………………..…….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..

Sequence IV THE ARAB CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILISATIONTHE ARAB CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILISATIONReading comprehensionPronunciationVocabulary BuildingMastery of LanguageWriting

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 THE ARAB CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILISATION Mosque near ancient Babylon 1

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 The Arab conquest and the early Islamic period By the end of 638, the Muslims had conquered the neighbouring provincesand mass immigration of Arabs from eastern Arabia and Mazun (Oman)followed. The new settlers established two new garrison cities, at al-Kūfah, nearancient Babylon, and at Basrah in the south. The area of modern Iraq north of Tikrit was known in Muslim times as Al-Jazirah, which means \"The Island\". View of Tikrit Mosque 2

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 A. Reading Comprehension:. Read the following text carefully - Find out the three basic elements that helped Science to develop.The three basic elements that helped Science to develop are…………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… 3

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 The Glory that was Islam When Christian Europe was still in the Dark Ages, Arab science andphilosophy were at their apogee. The Arab world was the most important centre of scientific thought andremained so from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD. For a period of 800years, the greatest thinkers, whose works were later translated, came fromMesopotamia Egypt, and western Asia. Europe was able to develop as it did only because the Arabs brought withthem the seeds of a new enthusiasm for science: - A language which was emerging as a means international communication. - a strong, centralized government. - and a religion which exalted knowledge (the Qur'an states that the ink of the scholars is more precious than the blood of the martyrs). The Arab contribution to civilization spans philosophy and art as well assciences. It not only includes an important number of inventions and theories,but is also the starting point of contacts and exchanges between cultures. Extract from ’’The Glory that was Islam’’ by William Montgomery 4

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3Activity2: Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Justify your answer by quoting the text.e.g.: Ignorance dominated Europe for a long time. (T) “ … Christian Europe was still in the Dark Ages …”1. The Arab civilization was at the highest point of civilization. ………………………………………………………………….2. The Arab world contribution to civilization was limited to sciences. ……………………………………………………………….3. At that time ignorance characterized Europe.…………………………………………………………………4. In light of Islam there is nothing more precious than knowledge. …………………………………………………………………5. There were only a few inventions recorded.…………………………………………………………………….6.Tolerance and respect dominated the Arab world.……………………………………………………………………. 5

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 B. Pronunciation:- Some English words have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spellings. e.g.: /nəu/ => no, know /rait /=> right , writeActivity 1: Write the different spelling for each word:1. /tu:/ : ………. ………. ……….2. /bai/ : ………. ………. ……….3. /mi:t/ : ………. ……….4. /wud/ : ………. ……….5. /wei/ : ………. ……….6. /weit/ : ………. ……….Activity2: Supply the correct word in the sentences below:1. How much does the parcel …………………..? The ………………… is 3,250 kg.2. - I ………….. like …… read `The Glory that was Islam`. - Me ………... Let’s ask the librarian if it is available. - I think there are ………… samples on the shelf.3. Let’s ………….. at the theatre and …………. tickets for next week.4. He does not eat …………. He is vegetarian 6

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 C. Vocabulary Building: a)- Compound adjectives:A compound adjective is an adjective which is madeof two parts and is usually written with a hyphen (-). Article Adverb hyphen Noun ed Singular or plural nounA Well - manner ed person.A Short - sight ed ManØ High - heel ed ShoesAn Open - mind ed Woman- He is a well-mannered person.- Isn’t he rather short-sighted man?- She is wearing high-heeled shoes. 7

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3- She is an open minded woman.Activity 1: - Rewrite the sentences below using compound adjectives:e.g.: Helen has curly hair and blue eyes. Helen is a curly-haired and blue-eyed girl. 1. Melissa has rosy cheeks and long legs. Melissa is a ………………………………. girl. 2. Would you say the boy behaves well? Would you say he is a ……………………………….? 3. My brother is tall and has broad shoulders. My brother is a tall and ……………………….. man. 4. Do all the hotel rooms have air conditioner? Are all the hotel rooms …………………………? 5. My young sister writes with the left hand My young sister is ………………………… 6. I bought a pullover with an open neck. I bought an ………………………………………... 8

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3b)- Suffixes:a)-The suffixes –al and –ed are added to some nouns and verbs to form adjectives.e.g. : culture cultural refuse refusal centralize centralisedb)-The suffix –able (meaning can be done) is addedto some verbs to make adjectives:e.g.: drink drinkablec) -The suffix –ity is added to some adjectives to make abstract nouns. e.g.: complex complexityd) - The suffix –tic is used to make abstract adjectives: enthusiastic sympathetic 9

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3To summarize:- verbs + -ed or –able => adjectivese.g.: centralize centralized drink drinkable- adjectives + - ity => abstract nounse.g.: responsible responsibility- nouns + -al / - ic => adjectivese.g.: culture cultural enthusiasm enthusiasticActivity 1: Add the correct suffix –al or –ed –able or -y to the words in thebox so as to make adjectives or nouns:Check the meaning of words you don’t know in thedictionary. 10

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3Vocabulary box:Nouns:leg – origin – practice – optimism - nation – science - realism - universe –continent – form - pessimismVerbs: :refuse - confirm - inspire - read - commit - practise – civilize - devote -wash – forgive -Adjectives :secure - stupid – popular – sensitive - hostile - curious - absurd - generous– intense - adjectives NounsActivity2: Now, complete the sentences below with the right noun, verb or adjective listed in the vocabulary box : 1. I prefer watching films in the ….............………. version. 2. You have to be …………………. about you chances of winning. 11

1 ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬3 3. He is so ……………… about art that he can’t talk of anything else. 4. Someone willing to work very hard on something is a ………………… person. 5. You must wear ……………..... clothes for the party. 6. He does everything he can to help his students. He is a very ………………… teacher. 7. I usually prefer buying machine ……………...... clothes. 8. He always tries to help his friends. His ……………. to people’s problems is known. 9. I admit that what he did was wrong but I still believe it is a ……………….............. mistake. 10. He always rejects new ideas concerning the plan. His …………………..... towards the project is evident.. 12