دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية للفصل الاول اداب و فلسفة سنة ثالثة ثانوي

Of course. No place is perfect. But it’s my home now.Martin: So Alia is happy to live in London but Peter is not and wants to leave London. It seems that the old saying is true: “The grass is .............................on the other side of the hill.Activity 2: where Supply punctuation and capital letters necessary: “ i have personally committed myself to making it apriority for education is a fundamental right set forth in theuniversal declaration of human rights to pursue the aim ofeducation for all is therefore an obligation for states ” koichiro matsuura director general of unesco................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................

Sequence IV Education in South AfricaReading comprehensionPronunciationWord BuildingMastery of LanguageWriting

A- Reading comprehension:Read this text carefully then do the activities. South Africa has 12 million learners, 366.000 teachers and about 28.000schools including 1.000 private schools.

School life spans 13 years or grades – although the first year of education,grade 0 or “reception year” and the last three years (grade 10, 11 and grade 12 or“matric”) are not compulsory. The educational system is characterized by diversity: schools anduniversities vary greatly in terms of quality, financial resources and size. Topquality schools and universities are to be found in both the state and the privateeducation sector. Most state schools are aided to some extent by the government that providesthe minimum, and parents contribute to basics and extras in the form of schoolfees.

Private colleges and universities are a more recent phenomenon in thecountry unlike private schools which have existed for centuries. For universities entrance, a matric “endorsement” is required. The highereducation sector is vibrant with more than a million students, 21 publicuniversities, 15 technikons and many colleges. All the universities andtechnikons are autonomous. Education gets a big budget compared with most other countries. However,more money is always needed to address the backlogs left by 40 years ofapartheid education, where money was pumped into white education at theexpenses of black schools in the townships and rural areas.

The backlogs are immense: illiteracy rates are high, teachers in townshipschools are poorly trained and the matric pass rate remains low. Redressing the resource imbalance, rebuilding the educational environmentand retraining teachers is a slow and difficult process, but significant inroadshave been made up to now.

Difficult words:*Apartheid: racial segregation in South Africa.*Township: area, suburb for houses of non- Europeans.Activity 1: Answer the following questions1- What does “reception year” refer to?................................................................................................2- How do state schools function?................................................................................................3- Are private schools a recent phenomenon? Justify.................................................................................................4- What are the effects of apartheid education?................................................................................................5- List some of the solutions to improve the educational system................................................................................................

Activity 2: Match the words in A with their synonyms in B AB1- compulsory ........... a- deal with2- aid ........... b- uneducated3- need ........... c- percentage4- address ........... d- obligatory5- rate ........... e- help6- illiteracy ........... f- requireActivity 3: Find in the text words whose definitions follow:a) - cover, extend across a period of time : …………………b) - that have the right of self government ; that is free to act: ……………………

B- Phonetics: pronunciation1- Syllable stress: Each word has one syllable that is stressed more that the others. With words from the same family (having the same root) , there is a shift:the syllable that is stressed in the verb is not always the same in the noun.Read column A and column B. Pay attention to the stressed syllable eachtime. A B A BVerbs Nouns Verbs Nounsevoke evocation devastate devastation/i’vouk/ /evou’kei ³ ən/ /’devəsteit/ deves’tei ³ ən/restore restoration reserve reservation/ris’t‫ כ‬:/ /restə’rei ³ ən/ /ri’zə:v/ /rezə’vei ³ ən /operate operation personify personification/’‫כ‬pəreit / /‫ כ‬pə’rei ³ ən/ /pə’s‫ כ‬:ni ³ ai/ /pəs‫ כ‬nifi’kei ³ ən/Activity 1: Complete each sentence with the correct word:

1- He accepted our conditions without ……………... (reserve / reservation)2- Harpagon in Moliere`s play “L`avare” ………………… avarice. (personifies / personification)3- They couldn’t ………………….. on him as he was very weak (operate / operation)4- They are going to ……………………….. the old castle that has fallen into ruin. (restore / restoration)Activity 2: - Find more pairs (verb / noun) where the stress shifts................................................................................................................................................................................................Activity 3: - Can you deduce a rule? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………2- Pairs that rhyme:- To rhyme means to put words that have the same sound at their end. e.g.: hiccup and pick up word and birdActivity 4:

- Which words in A rhyme with those in B? A keys B1. drink ..........2. puff ......... a) patch3. right .......... b) peak4. catch .......... c) date5. liar .......... d) shaft6. week .......... e) rink7. nurse .......... f) bite8. draft .......... g) buyer9. straight .......... h) rough i) purse

C- Word buildingSome nouns are formed withthat denotes action or condition e.g.: devoted=> devotionActivity 1: Complete this table Nouns Fecundation Adjectives InitiationFecund Repletion……………….. Inconsideration………………..………………. Adjectives NounsPacific …………………..…………………. IncorporationIndignant …………………..…………………. FederationActivity 2: Find more pairs ( adjective – noun in tion)................................................................................................................................................................................................

D- Mastery of language1- Connectors- Look at these sentences. The underlined words express:- More money is always needed in order to address the terrible backlogs left by 40 years of apartheid education. purpose- School life spans 13 years although the first year, grade 0and the last years, grade 10, 11 and 12 are not compulsory. concession- Many financial problems are facing the sector because of the failure of some provinces to manage their spending properly. cause- Private colleges and universities are a recent phenomenonunlike private schools which have been in existence herefor centuries. contrast, opposition- The backlogs from apartheid education are immense. As a result, illiteracy rates are high. consequenceActivity1: Here is a list of structures to express cause, purpose and consequence. Put them in the right column.

consequently – so as to – because – that’s why – as – thus – therefore – since –in order to – so – because of – due to – as a result – so … that … - Cause Purpose Consequence- ...................... - ......................... - ......................- ...................... - ......................... - ......................- ...................... -......................- ...................... - ......................- ...................... - ...................... - ......................Activity 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate connectors (cause, consequence or purpose) from activity 1.1- ………………………… I was late, I missed the train.2- James is ………………….. clever ………………… he finished first at the math exam.

3- I’m not a good cook; .…………………….. I need you help.4- ……………………. his laziness, he didn’t pass his exam.5- They didn’t know the way. .…………………. they got lost.6- I worked a lot today ……………………… go to the cinema with my friends later.Activity 3: Do you want to know more structures to write compound sentences? - Here is a list of structures to express opposition and concession. Classify them in the table below according to what they express. Use a dictionary if necessary.but – in spite of – although – unlike – whereas – contrary to – while -despite Opposition Concession- ...................................... - ......................................- ...................................... - ......................................- ...................................... - ......................................- ......................................-.......................................

e.g.: - Cape Town is South Africa’s legislative capital while / whereas Johannesburg is the country’s economic capital. - Unlike Cape Town which is a perfect holiday destination,Johannesburg is the most violent cityin the country.- In spite of strict prison sentences, crime has become an obsession. Although racial inequality seems to have come to an end, the whites still control the economy.

Activity 4: Complete these sentences with a suitable connector:although – in order (not) – as – unlike – in spite of – therefore – so that –whereas – 1. He is picking up the fruit ………………… they are ripe now.2- I advise you to have a credit card ……… ………… to carry a lot of cash.

3- In the developed countries people eat too much…………… in the poor ones, they starve todeath. 4 - Mr. King still does a lot of gardening .............. his old age.

5-…………………………….. soon Mark was seriously ill, he has recovered now and will leave hospital6- More and more unemployment, people are suffering into from ...…. many of them have turned beggars.

7- Many species are in danger. Man has to protect them…………………………. they won’t disappear.8- ………………………. a pirate, a corsair was authorized by the government of his country to rob on the high seas.2- Expressing necessity – obligation:

Look at these examples:- Students must take the UPSR at the end of primary education.- All Muslim children in some Malaysian states have to attend religious schools.

KEEP IN MIND: ¾ Must and have to + infinitive are used to express obligation or necessity in the present. ¾ To express obligation or necessity in the past, we use had to + infinitive. e.g.: I didn’t see the match as I had to write an assignment for my English teacher. ¾ To express absence of obligation / necessity, we use: 9 do / doesn’t have to + infinitive, or 9 needn`t + infinitive in the present. 9 didn’t have to + infinitive in the past. ¾ MUSTN`T is used to say: 9 that it is forbidden to do something. 9 It tells us about prohibition.e.g.: Passengers mustn’t smoke until the signs have been switched off.Activity 5: Complete with have to, mustn’t or needn’t1- Water is a vital element which is getting rare, so we …………………… waste it.2- Pupils ……………. wear uniforms as it isn’t compulsory.3- You ……………… tidy your room before you leave.

4- Now that you have lost your passport, you ……………… report it to the police.5- Pupils …………………… write in red which only teachers use to correct papers.Activity 6: - Rewrite these sentences keeping the same meaning1- It is not necessary to take a taxi; it’s not far from here.You ………………………………………………………………..2- It is forbidden to leave your seat when the plane is. taking off. You …………………………………………………………...3- It is necessary to switch off the fridge before cleaning it. You …………………………………………………………...4- It is forbidden to throw rubbish everywhere. You ……………………………………………………………...

E- WritingActivity 1: Fill in each gap with the right connector expressing cause, consequence or purpose. The Africans were denied their rights ………………… thewhites policy, apartheid ……………………..They were excludedfrom the society.

The African nation Congress (A.N.C.) organizeddemonstrations …………………. fight apartheid. The A.N.C. was banned in 1960, Nelson Mandela, its leader,was sentenced to life imprisonment. ……………… he wasregarded as a threat; he spent 26 years in prison.

In 1990 he was released from prison. He was extremelypopular; …………………….. he was elected president in July1994 after apartheid had been abolished in South Africa.

Activity 2: Look at this picture. These young girls and boys have participated in acompetition organized by CORA supermarkets “Schools ofthe Desert”. They have travelled to some African countries(Mali, Burkina Fasso, Mauritania …) to see what school lifeis for the young Africans.Activity 3: Read this dialogue, then answer the question.Laura: Would you rather send your children to a public or a private school?

Kevin: Mmm, I’d rather send them to a public school, I think.Laura: Oh, why?Kevin: Well, it’s cheaper for one thing…Laura: Yes, but do you think the teachers are as good as in the public schools.Kevin: Oh, yeah, I went to a public high school, and I had very good teachers there.- Does Laura prefer public schools or private schools? Why?…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………Activity 4: Which do you prefer, public or private schools? Justify your answer.…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………Activity 5:Write a composition to find the reasons, the effects and thepurpose of such an action.

…………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ProjectLeisure TimeKey AnswersCultural CornerProject 2Leisure TimeTest 1Irregular verbs

PROJECTWrite a report comparing the educational system in Algeria and that ofFrance or any other country.1- Select which educational system you are going to describe (the country).2- Gather information about that educational system.3- Collect information about the educational system in Algeria.4- Compare: what do both educational systems have in common? What are the differences?...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Leisure Time The Many Meanings of “O.K” OK constitutes one of the most frequent comments afterstudents responses in classes in the English-speaking world.The origin of “O.K” stands for “all correct” spelled “oll korrect”in nineteenth-century America. If “all” was spelled with an Oand “correct” with a K in present-day classrooms, it is hard toimagine anyone saying “O.K” as a reaction. I often wonder how people reacted to statements before1839- the first record of “O.K” in print-because if I did, Iwould use their expression. I have been saying “O.K” inclass, as well as out, so frequently that I wonder if it meansanything, let alone what its origin suggested it once meant.Below are listed some dialogues – containing “O.K”.-In each dialogue are written two paraphrases of “O.K”. 1. Teacher to student in hall in school: “take off your hat”! Student in hall to teacher: O.K First meaning : If you say so. Second meaning : yes, Sir. 2. Teacher: How many elements are there in water? Student: Two? Teacher: O.K First, meaning : I heard you.

Second meaning: I’m going to the next student.3. Wife to husband: I got the mail. Husband to wife: O.K First meaning: I heard you. Second meaning: I’m busy and I don’t want to look at it now.4. Son to mother: I’m going out now, O.K? First meaning: Can I go? Second meaning: What time should I be back? Perhaps one of the reasons that “O.K.” is used so often isthat it can mean so many different things; often it has little todo with approving, or indicating correctness. It may simplyclose a conversation, indicating we are not sure what to say. Puzzle it outRead the clues for the puzzle. When a clue contains an underlined pronounor adverb decide which word (s) this pronoun or adverb stands for.Write the word (s) in the puzzle.If a pronoun refers to more than one word, write both words and any wordthat may come between them.

12 7456 79 810 11 1213 14 16 1715 18 Across1. Molly and I waited with Tim and Maria until they got on the bus.5. They were going to the museum and hoped it was open on Tuesdays.8. An informal greeting.9. The bus driver called out the stops. “She has a loud voice” said Tim.10. Rob bought himself a poster.11. Elise visited the museum last week, and she really enjoyed it.13. As the bus slowed to a stop, it made a grinding sound.15. A word that has the same sound as weigh17. The two letter abbreviation for Alabama.

18. Let’s all sit in those two booths since no one sitting in them. Down1.Tanya ran around the track while the coach timed her.2. Mom and dad both left at noon, but she arrived first.3. Your hand is connected to this.4. The opposite of out.6. This is Susie’s book, and this pencil is hers, too.7.- “Girls win!” shouted the coaches. “The trophy is theirs”.8. I this sentence-Butch tried to run, but he tripped and fell- the noun butch is replaced with …9. Bobby went to the fair, where he won a teddy bear.10. Sit in Row C; we’ll sit there, too12. He took a seat and stayed there.14. Fuel for a car.16. The opposite of stop.III- Quotation- In Boston (U.S.A.) they ask: How much does he know?- In New York: How much is the worth?- In Philadelphia: Who were his parents?IV- Word plays and double meanings1- Which two words have more than 100 letters in them? …………………………………………………………….2- What gets wetter and wetter the more it dries?………………………………………………………………..3- Where was Noah when the lights went out?……………………………………………………………….V- Read each riddle. Draw a line from the riddle to the word at the right that answers it.1- It is something to sit on a- loose

2- This is the opposite of tight b- noon3- You may use this to sweep c- stool4- This is a time of day d- broom5- Children go here to learn e- pool6- You may swim in this f- school.1. … 2. …. 3. … 4. …. 5. f 6. ….

Key AnswersSEQUENCE I:A. Reading comprehension: Civilization1- a 2-c 3-d 4-c 5-bB. Pronunciation:1. explain => explanation 2. invent => invention3. develop => development 4. involve => involvement5. invade => invasion 6. communicate => communication7. enrich => enrichment 8. achieve => achievement9. contribute => contribution10. acknowledge => acknowledgementC. Vocabulary Buildinga)- Adjectives preposition: Activity 1: 2. were good 3. good1. were interested 5. were good4. were interestedb)- Suffixes: Activity 1: 3. invasions1. explanations 2. involvement 6. achievement4. communication 5. enrichment 9. education7. contributions 8. developmentActivity 2:- Find the odd word:1. healthy 2. experience 3. cultural 4. failD- Mastery of LanguageActivity 1

1. was 2.was / was / were 3. was 4. Were 5.were 6. were / was7. was / was not 9. were / were not 10. wasActivity 2:A: How was your vacation in Egypt?A: How long were you there?A: Were you in the city the whole time?A: How was the food?A: And how was the weather? Was it good?A: How did you like it?E. Writing1. The development of irrigation was very important for settlers ofMesopotamia.)2. There were other Mesopotamian innovations which included the control ofwater by dams and the use of aqueducts)3. The Mesopotamian people were aware of the dangers of contagion.4. The family was the basic unit of Babylonian society.5. There was a high circular wall that /which protected the city.SEQUENCE II : MESOPOTAMIAA. Reading comprehension: The Mesopotamian Legacy1. c 2.b 3. b 4.c 5. a6. a 7.a 8.b 9.a 10. b 11.aB. Pronunciation:a)- Pronunciation rules:Activity 1/d/: considered- appeared- measured- survived- prescribed/id/: created- regarded- existed- recited- divided/t/: watched- based- developed- passed- booked

b)- Spelling rules:1. destroyed 2. planned 3. played 4. tried 7. helped 8. worshipped5. copied 6. helpedC. Word buildingActivity 1..a) to disagree - b) to disapprove- c) to disbelieve-d) to disconnect e) to discredit- f) to disqualifyActivity 2:1. disconnected 2. disqualified 3. disapproved 4. disbelieve5.discredit 6. dislikes 7. disagreesD. Mastery of languageActivity 1:built created learned/learnt domesticateddeveloped were used wasActivity 2:1. Where did writing first appear?2. When was The Code of Hammurabi unearthed?3. How many inhabitants were there in a city.?4. Why were Songs a large part of Mesopotamian culture ?Activity 3:1. used to consult2. used to observe3. used to worship4. used to bury5. What did they use to do…?

6. used to recite7. did not use to bury/used to mummifyE. WritingActivity 1:1. suffers from an injustice 2.to see me as a judge3. listen to my verdict 4. investigation may clarify5.he feels relieved-Now, write the full version of Hammurabi`s Code.Let any persecuted man who suffers from an injustice come to see me as a judgeand listen to my verdict, may my investigation clarify the case to him; may heunderstand his case, and may he feel relieved !\"Activity 2.1- Hammurabi`s Code is the first legal system2- and 3. It was created by king Hammurabi of Babylon who reigned over Mesopotamiafrom 1792 to 1750.4- It protected all classes of Babylonian society including slaves.5- It is significant because it allowed everyone to understand the laws.SEQUENCE III Ancient TimesA. Reading comprehension: History of MesopotamiaActivity 1.1. (F) Between the 16th and the 12th century BC the Kassites and the Assyrians had ruled Mesopotamia before Nebuchadnezzar I, defeated them.2. true3. false. Mesopotamia is now known as the country of Iraq.4. true5. true6. true

7. False. After Nebuchadnezzar had died, Babylon declined and became part of the Persian Empire.8. TrueC. Vocabulary Building 5.Activity 1:1. rely on 2. succeed in 3. happened to 4. depends oncontributed 6. specialize 7. believe inActivity 2: 1. f 2. d 3. g 4. b 5. c 6. e 7. a- Now, complete each sentence with the correct verb: 1. governed 2. ruled 3. control 4. reigned 5. dictate 6. rose to 7. conqueredD. Mastery of LanguageActivity 1:1. had gained defeated / re-established-----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-------------------Æ2. had risen Babylon came to be…-----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-------------------Æ3. had inherited restored and built-----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-------------------Æ4. had been exerted-----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-------------------Æ5. had left felt homesick-----------/1/-----------------------------------/2/-------------------Æ

Activity 2:1. had built 2. had finished 3. had served 4. had collected5. had unearthed 6. had recorded 7. had seenActivity 3:1. did not start / had completed2. had selected / launched3. conquered / started4. built / had defeated5. had never seen / visited6. was / had foundEgypt and Mesopotamia ComparedActivity 1:1)- Contrast is mentioned in paragraph one.2)- The words and phrases which are used to express contrast are: Although / Despite / In spite of the fact thatActivity 2:1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. cActivity 3:1. Although/Though Egyptians did not have advanced technology, they were able to build huge pyramids.2. Although/Though writing was monopolized by priests, schools were very important learning centres.3. Although/Though the surrounding lands were rocky Babylonians developed sophisticated techniques in irrigation and agriculture.- Justify your choice by quoting the text:1. paragraph - 2- … the upper classes, in part because marriage alliances were vital to the preservation and stability of the monarchy.2. paragraph - 1-Technological improvements were more sophisticated because their environment was more

difficult to manage than the Nile valley.3. paragraph -2. Priests were the most important persons after the king.4. paragraph - 3 - Both civilizations lasted far longer than the civilizations that came later and left an important heritage to mankind.b)- Comparatives: Egypt - hieroglyphic lphabet:Activity 1: - use of papyrus MesopotamiaD - Sumerian alphabet: -Fewer achievementsif - use of clay tablets or animal - less importantf skins economic growther - more advanced achievements - technologicale improvements lessn - more important economic sophisticatedc growthe - Higher status ofs - technological improvements women more sophisticated -lower status of womenActivity 2:1. There were fewer achievements in Egypt than in Mesopotamia.2. The Greek civilization is older than the Roman civilization.3. People used to be hunters and farmers . However, hunting was an earlier form of satisfying people’s basic needs than farming.4. The status of Egyptian women was higher than the status of Mesopotamian women.Activity 3:

1. In the past, Doctors diagnosis was more complicated because medical knowledge was limited.2. Mesopotamian surgeons were more successful in setting broken bones than Egyptians.3. Egyptian medical knowledge was, however, more advanced than Babylonian medicine.4. Ceremonies are more impressive nowadays than they were in the ancient times.Activity 4:1. Athens is slightly older than Roma.2. Babylonian artisans were much more skilled in metallurgy and in making fabrics than Sumerians.3. It’s a lot easier to learn a language in the country where it is spoken.4. Egyptian medical knowledge was much more advanced than Babylonian medicine.5. Could you speak a bit more slowly please?6. The connection between science and religion was much more stronger in the area of medicine than in any other branch of science.7. He feels a little better than yesterday.c) - Superlatives:Activity 1:1. The Babylonian religious events were the most impressive ceremonies reported at that time.2. The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest place in the world.3. Mount Waialeale in Hawaii gets 1,170 centimetres of rain a year. It is the wettest place on earth!4. The hottest capital city in the world is Muscat, in Oman.5. The longest river in the world is the Nile.6. The Himalayas are some of the most dangerous mountains to climb.

E. Writing… in the 14th century BC. Toward the end of the 12th century BC.,The Akkadianscontrolled and founded the 2d Dynasty of Isin . In the 9th century BC, theChaldeans reigned over the country.In 539 BC, after they had conquered Babylonia, Persians annexed Mesopotamiawhich became part of the Persian Empire until 224 AD. It then remained underthe Greek domination until 652 AD after Alexander the Great had conquered theregion.

Cultural Corner TEXT: How mummies were made.Activity 1:1. Ancient Egyptians used mummification because they believed it was essential for the afterlife.2. The pharaohs` burials were impressive ceremonies because they were believed to become gods when they died.3. The inner organs were kept into four jars with lids shaped as specific gods because it was believed that each god protected a particular organ.4. Ancient Egyptians buried the deceased with their belongings and treasures Because they thought they would need them in the afterlife.5. Egyptians stopped mummifying the dead by the 4th century AD because many Egyptians no longer believed that mummification was necessary for life after death6. Most mummies were destroyed by grave robbers and vandals looking for treasures wrapped up in the bandages.7. The mummies of the royal family were better preserved because they more carefully embalmed. ….8. The process of mummification teach us how ancient Egyptians lived / about the ancient times of the Egyptian civilization.Activity 2:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.c aej I f gdbh kActivity 3:- The greatest leader: Seti I- The youngest pharaoh: Tutankhamen- The tallest and oldest pharaoh: Rameses the GreatActivity 4 :pharaohs names period of reign characteristics 1279-1212 BCRameses II (or - the tallestRameses the Great - the oldest - many wives and the father of 100 children. - the greatest of pharoahs andSeti I 19th Dynasty warriors. - the father of Rameses II (or Rameses the Great - protected Egypt against invaders. 18th Dynasty the youngest pharaohTutankhamen

Activity 5:In 1974, Egyptologists at the Cairo Museum noticed that the mummy's conditionwas getting worse rapidly. They decided to fly Rameses II to Paris so that ateam of experts could give the mummy a medical examination. Did you knowthat even a mummy needs a passport to travel? Ramses II was issued anEgyptian passport that listed his occupation as \"King\" deceased.Once in Paris, Rameses was diagnosed and treated for infection. During theexamination, scientific analysis revealed battle wounds and old fractures, aswell as the pharoah's arthritis and poor circulation. In addition , experts wereable to determine some of the flowers and herbs that were used for theembalming, including lots of camomile oil.SEQUENCE IV: THE ARAB CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILISATIONA. Reading Comprehension: The Glory that was IslamActivity 1The three basic elements that helped Science to develop are:- The Arabic language which was emerging as a means internationalcommunication.- a strong, centralized government.- and the religion Islam which exalted Knowledge.Activity 21. (T) Arab science and philosophy were at their apogee.2. (F) The Arab contribution to civilization spans philosophy and art as well as sciences.3. (T) When Christian Europe was still in the Dark Ages.4. (T)… a religion which exalted knowledge. states that the ink of the scholars is more precious than the blood of the martyrs.5. (F) It not only includes an important number of inventions

6. (T) … is also the starting point of contacts and exchanges between cultures.B. Pronunciation:Activity 11. /tu:/ : two too to2. /bai/ : buy bye by3. /mi:t/ : meet meat4. /wud/ : would wood5. /wei/ : weigh way6. /weit/ : weight waitsActivity 2:1. weigh / weight 2. would / to/ too. / two3. meet / buy 4. meatC. Vocabulary Building:1. Melissa is a rosy- cheeked and long-legged girl.2. Would you say he is a well-behaved boy?3. My brother is a tall and broad shouldered man.4. Are all the hotel rooms air-conditioned?5. My young sister is left-handed.6. I bought an open- necked shirt.b)- Suffixes: Activity 1:Adjectives:legal – original – practical – national – universal –continental – formal securityoptimistic – scientific – realistic – pessimisticreadable – washable - forgivablepractised – committed – civilized – devoted - inspiredNouns:refusal – confirmation – security – stupidity –popularity – sensitivity - hostility – curiosity –

absurdity – generosity - intensityActivity 2:1. original 2.realistic 3. enthusiastic 4.committed 8. sensitivity5. formal 6. devoted 7. washable9. forgivable 10. hostilityD. Mastery of LanguageActivity 1:1. was able 2. was able to 3. was able to 4. were able to5. was able to 6. was able 7. was able toArab Names for Arab GiftsActivity 1: (7). ø (8). the- Calligraphy:(1). ø (2). the (3). ø (4). the (5). ø (6). ø(9). ø (10). ø (11). ø(12). the (13). the (14). ø (15). the (16). ø- Mathematics (3). ø (4). the (5). the (16).the (17).ø(1). ø (2). ø (8). ø (9) .the (10). ø (26). the (27).the(6). The (7) .The (13).the (14) the (15). ø(11). the (12).the (20).the(18).ø (19).the (23). the (24). ø (25).the(21). ø (22).øE.Writing1.Ancient civilizations practiced a combination of medical and religious treatment.2. In Mesopotamia and Egypt medical treatment was the responsibility of both the physician and the magician.3.Progress in medical science was hampered by the religious ban on thedissection of human corpses.4. Medicine could establish itself as a rational science around 600 BC