دروس مادة اللغة الانجليزية للفصل الاول اداب و فلسفة سنة ثالثة ثانوي

Activity 3: Find words in the text whose definitions follow: a)- fee for teaching, in a particular subject paid for. b)- course of study in a school, college, etc… c)- famous, celebrated

B. Pronunciation SpellingActivity 1- PronunciationThe words below are written in phonetic script. Write them using the letters ofthe alphabet/ ə`tend/ ……………………../ kə`rikjuləm/ ……………………../ `bætfələ/ ……………………../kindəga:tn/ ……………………../di`gri:/ ……………………../ tju`ifən/ ……………………..Weak forms- In this part, we are going to see weak syllables, that is to say syllables that are unaccented, unstressed. Certain common words ( for example, prepositions) have two pronunciations:¾ The strong pronunciation must be used if the word is stressed and also generally when the word is at the end of a sentence.¾ The weak pronunciation must be used if the word is the middle of a sentence.e.g.: - I` m waiting for a bus. /fə(r)/ (weak form) - What are you waiting for? /f : (r)/

- Modals, such as should, ought to and would have strong and weak forms, too.Modals strong form weak formshould / ƒ d/ [ƒəd/ or /d/would /w d/ /wəd/ or /d/ought to / :t tu/ / :t tə / Activity 2: Write these sentences in phonetic symbols:1. You should come before noon. …………………………………………………….2. Yes, he should. ………………………………………………………3. I’d like to see them. …………………………………………………….4. What does it consist of? It consists of two elements. ……………………………………………

C.WORD BUILDINGNouns in -ity - We form nouns with adjectives + (i) ty e.g.: diverse => diversity national => nationalityActivity 1: Write the nouns for these adjectives:Adjectives nouns1. minor ...……………………2. irritable ...……………………3. impartial ...……………………4. real ...……………………5. personal ...……………………6. flexible ...……………………7. major ...……………………8. prior ...……………………9. mature ...……………………10. visible ...……………………11. mobile ...……………………12. fatal ...……………………

Activity 2: Complete this paragraph with the appropriate word:priority - minority – irritability – real - majority - maturity The headmaster of our primary school organized a meeting betweenparents and teachers last Saturday.Unfortunately, the .............................. of the pupils` parents did not come. Astime was passing, the headmaster’s .................................... was growing,especially when some parents, a .............................................. luckily, showeda .................................... lack of ...................................... and gave the...................................... to trivial matters.

D- MASTERY OF LANGUAGE- Consider these sentences:- Technical schools offer courses in many technical fields.- A great number of these private schools are run byreligious groups.- Most children begin school when they are 5.Keep in Mind!many, (a) few, a great number are usedwith countable nouns.much, (a) little, a great deal are used with uncountablenouns.a lot of, most of (= the majority) and all are used withboth countable and uncountable nouns.countable nouns uncountable nouns x much = a lot (of) x many = a lot (of) = (positive, negative and = (negatives and questions) interrogative statements) x a great deal (of) x a great number (of)x ≠ a few = some / a small x ≠ a little = some, a small number amountx few= not many x little = not much

Activity 1: Choose the best answer (a, b, or c)1. .................................. the students go to university when c)- a great deal ofthey finish high school.a)- Few b)- most of2. .................. people demonstrated against war in Iraq.a)- a little b)- much c)- a lot of

3. Bono, the singer of U2 has done ...................... to relieve the Africans` sufferings. a)- many b)- a great deal c)- most 4. ....................... the children in Lebanon learn English in primary schools. a) -all b) - little c) – many

5. Every year, ............................ Muslims go on pilgrimageto Meccaa)- few b)- all c)- a great number ofActivity 2: Put in much, many, few or little1- I don’t have ...................... time to take hobbies.2- Do you know .................. people who love reading?3- There aren’t ..................... things I can do to help her.4- We must hurry up. We have ................... time.5- This place is not very interesting to visit, so .................. tourists come here.

KEEP IN MIND:Conditional type 1: is formed with If + present simple / future e.g.: If you go to a technical college, you will study mechanics or electronics. ( real possibility )2- The conditional (type 2) If + past simple / conditional present Look at these sentences.a)- If a student attends a private school, his family will have to pay tuition.=>There is a real possibility to attend a private school.b)- If all the schools were run by religious groups, students would have to learn religious instruction. (but not all the schools are run by religious groups).=> We are imagining the situation; we don’t expect all the schools to be run by religious groups.Activity 3: Rewrite these sentences beginning each time with – If.e.g.: He doesn’t speak English, so he doesn’t understand you. If he spoke English, he would understand you.

1. The employees in his firm work hard, so the manager is satisfied. If they .................... ................................, the manager ......... ................................. 2. Instruments are sterilized before every operation, so surgeons do not fear the risk of infection. If..................................... ....................................... .......................................3. Drogba is a very good football player; that’s why clubs want to have him. If Drogba...................... ....................................... .......................................

4. New forms of energy are not widespread, so pollution is on the rise. If new forms............. ....................................................................... 5. They love watching wild animals, that’s why they are going on a safari to South Africa. If they ............................ ................... ..................... .................... ..................... ……………………………..

6. They are fascinated by The geography book, that’s why they have not moved from their seats for an hour. If they ………………… ………………………… ………………………… .7. The assistant wants Kate to rewrite her work because there are not enough examples. If ………………………. ………………………… …………………………KEEP IN MINDTo write sentences with if (type 2) , you have to: ¾ change the negative verb into a positive one. ¾ change the positive verb into a negative one. ¾ use the past simple in the if- clause. ¾ use the conditional present in the main clause.

E- writing:Activity 1: Fill in each gap with a word from the box.little – up – economic – teaching – have – knowledge –with – training – education – cultures. In addition to the challenge to be excellent, American schools (a)...................... been facing new problems. They cope (b)................... an influx of immigrant children, many of whom speak (c) .................... or no English. They must respond to demands that the curriculum reflect the various .(d)...................... of all children.

Schools are hiring or (e).................... large numbers of teachers of English as a second language and, in some communities, setting (f).......................... bilingual schools. Schools are also (g)......................... cognitive skills to the nearly 40% of American students who do not go on to higher (h)....................... “A well developed mind, a continued willingness to learn and the ability to put (i) ...................... to work are the keys to the future of our young people, the success of our business, and the (j)........................ well-being of the nation” are the words of a recent report by the Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills.Activity 2: Read the sentences and answer the question that follows.

1- At last the class agreed to hold a car wash at the school.2- The sixth graders were discussing ways to pay for a field trip. hundred3- By the end of the day, they had raised almost a dollars.4- The next Saturday, the students washed cars all day long.Question:Which arrangement of the sentences would make the best paragraph?a- 1 – 2 – 3 – 4. c- 2 – 1 – 4 – 3.b- 2 – 3 – 4 – 1. d- 1 – 2 – 4 – 3.

Activity 3: their parents at In the USA, there are children who are educated by home instead of by teachers at school.- Do you think this is a good idea or a bad idea?- Think of some advantages and some disadvantages.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SEQUENCE III Education in MalaysiaReading comprehensionSpellingWord BuildingMastery of LanguageWriting

A- Reading Comprehension Education in Malaysia broadly consists of a set of stages which are: - Pre-school - Primary Education - Secondary Education - Tertiary Education - Postgraduate. Only Primary Education in Malaysia is mandated by law, hence it is not a criminal offence to neglect the educational needs of a child after six years of Primary Education. Primary and Secondary Education in government schools is handled by the Ministry of Education, but policies regarding tertiary education are handled by the Ministry of Higher Education created in 2004. Pre-school:

Attendance in a pre-school programme is not universal, and only affluent families can afford to send their children to private pre-schools. The government has no formal pre-school curriculum for pre-schoolers except a training and certificate to principals and teachers before they can operate a pre-school.Primary Education Primary education consists of six years of education, referred to as year 1to year 6(or Standard1to Standard 6).

Year 1 to year 3 are classified as Level One while year 4 to year 6 iscalled Level Two. Primary education begins at the age of 7 and ends at 12.Students are promoted to the next year, regardless of their academicperformance. At the end of primary education, students must undergo the (UPSR) orPrimary school Evaluation Test. The subjects tested are Malay comprehension,written Malay, English, Science and Mathematics. The primary education system is divided into the national schools andvernacular schools. Both are public schools. In January 2003, a mixed mediumof instruction was introduced so that in standard 1, science and mathematicsare taught in English while other subjects are taught in Malay. Another type of schools available in Malaysia is the Islamic religiousschools that teach Muslim students subjects related to Islam such as earlyIslamic history, Arabic language and Fiqh. It is not compulsory but in somestates like Johor, all Muslim children have to attend these schools and sit anexamination for graduation. Most of these schools are managed by the states`religious authorities.Secondary education Secondary education consists of 5 years of schooling referred to as Form1 to orm5. At the end of Form 3, students must take the (PMR) or Lower Secondary Evaluation. Based on their results, they will be streamed into either the Science stream or Arts stream. The Science stream is generally more desirable than the Arts one. At the end of form 5, studentsmust take the (SPM) or Malaysian Certificate of Education examination, inorder to graduate from secondary school.

Pre-University After the SPM, students would have a choice of either studying Form 6or the matriculation (pre-university). If they choose to continue studying Form 6 (2 years of study), they willtake the Malaysian Higher School Certificate examination (STPM) whichBritish equivalent is the general Certificate of Education “A” levelsexamination. The STPM is taken by those desiring to attend a public universityand also to enter private local universities. Additionally all students may apply for admission to matriculation, butnot all applicants are admitted. However, the matriculation programme isconsidered easier than the STPM and serves to help the Bumiputeras enter thepublic university easily. Students undertake their pre-university studies in private colleges andmay opt for programmes such as the British ``A`` Levels programme, theCanadian matriculation programme, the Australian NSW Board of StudiesHigher school Certificate and the American High School diploma.

Tertiary educationApplicants to public universities must have completed the matriculationprogramme or have an STPM grade. Excellence in these examinations doesnot guarantee a place in a public university.

* Bumiput(e)ra (noun): a Malaysian of indigenous Malayorigin

Activity 1: Read the text and find the suitable definition (B) for each word (A) A B1.affluent (adj)2 compulsory (adj) ........ a. that must be done.3. matriculation (n)4. promote (verb) ........ b. of the country in question.5. opt (verb)6. vernacular (adj) ........ c. make a choice.7. manage (verb) ........ d. wealthy, prosperous ........ e. control, run a business etc... ........ ........ f. examination required to be admitted at a university. g. raise to a higher rank, position

Activity 2: Choose the best answer (a, b, c or d )1. In Malaysia a) a child receives only primary education. b) only primary education is compulsory . c) the law prevents a child from continuing studying.2. Going to a private pre-school a) requires a lot of money. b) is possible for all the children. c) is obligatory for all the children.3. Students are promoted to the next year in primary school. a) despite their young age. b) without paying attention to their results. c) according to their results.4. In the Islamic religious schools, teaching subjects related to Islam a) is optional in all the Malaysian states. b) is not compulsory in the state of Johor. c) is compulsory in some states.

Activity 3: Complete the following diagram which summarizes the educational system in Malaysia. Age ExaminationsP pre-schoolRIM1AR ..........OneY yearED ........Uca ..........TI Level.........O ……..Nyear.......... UPSR

S Form 1ECO ……………………………NDA …………………………… …………… ……………R …. stream ……………Y STPME …………………………D …. streamU …………………………CA 2T yI Form 6 eO aN r s Matriculation TERTIARY EDUCATION

B. SPELLINGSpelling rules for comparatives:- If the adjective - has got one syllable - doesn’t end in -e - hasn’t got two vowels - doesn’t end in 2 consonantswe double the last lettere.g.: big Î bigger- If the adjective - has got one syllable - ends in – e –we add r to the adjectivee.g.: nice Î nicer- If the adjective - has got one syllable - has got two vowelswe add er - doesn’t end in – e –e.g.: loud Î louder

- If the adjective - has got two syllables - ends in –ywe change y to I and add ere.g.: easy Î easier- If the adjective - has got two syllables - doesn’t end in –y - has got more than two syllableswe write the comparative by using more + adjectivee.g.: handsome Î more handsome interesting Î more interestingActivity 1: Write the comparatives of these adjectives:Adjectives Comparative Adjectives Comparativeold ……………. fat …………….slim ……………. big …………….fine ……………. important …………….intelligent ……………. clean …………….free ……………. lazy …………….thin ……………. noisy …………….

C. WORD BUILDING¾ We use the suffix ing to form 9 Verbal nouns denoting an action or its result. e.g.: hunting painting washing 9 Nouns denoting an occupation or event e.g.: bricklaying weddingActivity 1: Match each word in A with its definition in B: A B1- lodging a. reproduction of a map, design made by2- shipping marking out the lines of something.3- learning4- setting b- room(s) (not in a hotel) rented to live in.5- tracing c- framework in which something is fixed d- all the ships of a country, a port. e- advanced knowledge gained by careful study.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.b …………

Activity 2: Complete each sentence with a word from the boxrioting – skiing – landing – building – dismantling – hunting – lightning –boarding1. Passengers are asked to present a ............... card before embarking on the plane.2. The ……………… of the future school took longer than they had expected it as the workers were not qualified.

3. The pilot had to make an emergency ……………….. when he realized that one of the wings was on fire.4. The ……..……………... of ships is synonymous of diseases from exposure to toxic substances.

5. …..................................… has struck the city suddenly. 6. Because of social inequalities, …………………. in Great Britain is becoming more and more violent.

7. Game ……………….. is attracting more and more women in the USA nowadays.8. …………………………. remains one of the favourite activities in winterholidays.

D. MASTERY OF LANGUAGE1. Comparatives Look at these sentences:- The Science stream is more desirable than the Arts stream.- The matriculation programme is easier than the STPM examination.- Education in primary schools is less strict than education in secondary schools.- The matriculation programme is not as difficult as the STPM examination, but it is as necessary as the STPM to enter university.

KEEP IN MIND: Short adjectives Long adjectives more+adjective+thanComparative of adjective+(er)+thansuperiority Irregular adjectives - good better than - bad/ ill worse than - far farther / further thancomparative of inferiority ... less + adjective + than... comparative of equalitycomparative of inequality ... as +adjective + as ... ... not as / not so + adjective + as ...

Activity 1: Correct the following sentences. They all contain comparatives1. London is more old than New York.……………………………………………………………………2. The Pacific Ocean is deeper as the Atlantic.……………………………………………………………………3. A Renault car is more economical as a Mercedes.……………………………………………………………………4. Swimming is more easy than wind-surfing.……………………………………………………………………5. My house is not as big than yours.……………………………………………………………………

Activity 2 Read the information about three colleges in England, Great Britain.Oxford109,ooo inhabitantsUniversity created in the 12th century

Cambridge101,000 inhabitantsUniversity created in 1284 Eton - 4,ooo inhabitants - College created in 1440

- Now write sentences using comparatives (superiority, inferiority or inequality)...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Activity 3: Rewrite these sentences, keeping the same meaning.1. Paris is less friendly than London. Paris is ...............................................................2. Britain is not as cold as Denmark. Denmark is ........................................................3. Scotland is less crowded than England. Scotland is .........................................................4. The “Daily telegraph” is not as informative as “The Guardian.” “The Guardian is .............................................. 2. I WISH

Look at these sentences: - A lot of children are uneducated. - I wish all the children were educated. - They don’t go to school. - I wish they went to school. - We use : I wish + the past simple tense- to say that we regret something,- to indicate an unreal situation in the present. e.g.: I wish I spoke French. = I’m sorry I don’t speak French. I wish he didn’t smoke. = I’m sorry he smokes.

Activity 4: Choose the best possible answer (a, b or c) for each picture.1. I wish a)- I travelled by bus. b)- I had a car. c)- the bus were not full.2. I wish a)- he worked harder. b)- he had some rest. c)- he didn’t use the computer.3. I wish a)- I were famous. b)- I could win the competition. c)- I could afford this sports car.

4. I wish a)- she didn’t phone while driving. b)- she didn’t look at herself in the mirror. c)- she drove slowly.5. I wish a)- the land were dry. b)- it didn’t rain in this area. c)- it rained.Activity 5 : - Write sentences beginning with I wish:e.g.: I am bad at mathematics. I wish I was/were good at mathematics.1. I don’t have a computer. I wish I ......................................................................2. My flat is small and I have a lot of furniture. .....................................................................................

3. I don’t like milk.......................................................................................4. He is not hard-working. ......................................................................................5. It rains a lot and I want to go out. ......................................................................................6. This lift doesn’t work. .........................................................................................3. Expressing purposeLook at these sentences:- Students take the Malaysian Certificate of Educationexamination in order to graduate from secondaryschool. - A medium of instruction was introduced in 2003 sothat science and mathematics are taught in English. - Some students go to Islamic religious schools tostudy subjects related to Islam.

KEEP IN MIND- We use: in order to + infinitive or to- to say why somebody does something,-why somebody wants/needs something.e.g.: We hurried to the bus to / in order to catch the last bus. I am saving money to / in order to travel to Turkey.

- We also use so that for purposes: ¾ when one person does something so that another person does something else : e.g.: I lent her some money so that she could buy a car. ¾ with can and could: e.g.: He trains 3 hours so that he can take part in the competition. ( main verb “trains” in the present => so that ... can ... ) He trained 3 hours so that he could take part in the competition. ( main verb “trained” in the pasnt => so that ... could ...) ¾ when the purpose is negative:e.g.: The actress is wearing a wig so that she won’t be recognized.(main verb “is wearing” in the present => so that...won’t...) The actress was wearing a wig so that she wouldn’t be recognized.(main verb “was wearing” in the past => so that ... wouldn’t ... )

Activity 6: Match a sentence from A with a sentence from B to make a new sentence with in order to or to :e.g.: I have to go to the post office. I want to post a letter. I have to go to the post office in order to post a letter.AB1.The managers are meeting a. They want them to put at the firm tomorrow . out the fire in the attic.2. She gets back home early b. They want to pay homage to their martyrs.3. The firemen have been c. She wants to watch called. her favourite show on television.4. Journalists write articles. d. They want to discuss the new budget.5. They have erected a high e. He wanted to gain time. statue in the town. f. They want to inform6. He took a short cut. their readers.1. ...........................................................................................2. ………………………………………………………………….3. ………………………………………………………………….4. ………………………………………………………………….5. ………………………………………………………………….6. ............................................................................................

Activity 7: Use can / could / won’t / wouldn’t and the right verb from this box:waste – see – cross – get – lost – recover - repair1. The surgeons decided to operate on Tim so that he............................................................................... soon2. She crossed the street so that ................................... her3. I think I’ll take my car to the garage tomorrow so that the mechanic...................................................................... it.4. Guides usually accompany tourists in the Sahara so that they ...................................................................5. As there are frequent traffic jams, Harry has decided to his buy a bike so that he..................................................... time on his way to his office.6. They built a bridge there so that people ...................... the main road safely.

E. WritingActivity 1: Martin, a reporter, is interviewing two persons who came to live in London some time ago. Complete this dialogue using the right word or expression in the right blank:better than – smaller – as easy as – greener – not as happy – asfriendly asMartin: All of you have moved round, would you like to move again? Peter, you first.Peter: Well, my wife and I came from the north-west of Scotland to London three years ago. At first, London was great, but now we are ...........................as we were. With two babies, we’d like to move out.Martin: Why?Peter: It’s too noisy for us, and London is not safe enough for small children. We want to move to a .............… town near London.Martin: I see. Alia, what about you?Alia: My family came from Egypt nine years ago. At first, life wasn’t....................................... we believed. The English weren’t .......................................... people in Egypt. But now I’ve made lots of friends at school, and life is much............................................before.