agriculture project

Power point presentation on Non Food Cropping

Contents: 1) Non food cropping 2) Example of non – food cropping . 3) Uses off non – food Cropping . 4) climate

What do you mean by non – food cropping ? Non – food crops : Non – food crops are crops tht are used for profit rather than consumption by a family . They are grown for sale and are important from the financial and economic point of view. They are also know as “ cash crops ” . Crops from where cash comes from .

Rubber  The worlds leading producer of natural rubber is Thailand .  It’s mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman Nicobar island .  It’s an equatorial crop , but under special conditions . Its grown in tropical and subtropical areas .  It requires Moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200cm . And temperature above 25c .

Some pictures of rubber

Fibre crops 1) Cotton,jute,hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India. 2) The first three are derived from the crops grown in the soil, the latter is obtained from cocoons of the silkworms fed on green leaves specially mulberry. 3) Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as

Cotton 1) The top cotton producing countries include China, India , and the United States respectively. 2) It is a kharif crop and requires 6 to 8 months to mature. 3) Major cotton producing states are Maharashtra , Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka.

Some pictures of cotton plantation.

Jute 1) It’s known as the Golden Fibre. 2) Jute grows well on well drained fertile soil in the flood plains where soil are renewed every year. 3) West Bengal, Bihar,, Assam, Odisha, Meghalaya are the major jute producing states. 4) It’s used in making gunny bags , bags,ropes, mats, yarn etc. 5) Due to its high cost, it’s losing mark to synthetic fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon.

Some pictures of jute plantation.

Questions 1) Which crop is called as ‘ The golden fibre’? Ans ; Jute 2) Silkworms feed on green leaves specially of which Kind? Ans ; Mulberry 3) Which plant is mainly used for making ropes, gunny bags, bags? Ans ; Jute 4) The leading producer of rubber is in? Ans ; Thailand

Thank you Done by : shashank T Rai Class : 10 Subject: Social science Roll no: 25

CONTRIBUTION TO AGRICULTURE • AGRICULTURE SECTOR IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRY IN INDIAN ECONOMY, SO IT IS CALLED BACK BONE OF INDIA. • IT ALSO HAS A HUGE EMPLOYMENT ABOUT 52 PRESENT OF THE INDIAN POPULATION. • AGRICULTURE PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE ECONOMY BY CONTRIBUTING ABOUT 17% TO THE TOTAL GDP OF OUR NATION.

AGRICULTURAL GDP • Agriculture GDP is gross domestic product coming from the agricultural income. • Total GDP is defined as the sum of the value added from, total agricultural products , manufacturing industries and the sevices sectors. • Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy as it contributes about 17% to GDP.



• Agricultural industry is feeding the entire population of our country. • It helps in foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products. It is the major export of India. • It provides raw materials to different industries. Done by S K Shreenidhi roll n.o 27 class 10TH

QUESTIONS 1.What is GDP? Ans.Gross domestic Product, abbreviated as GDP, is the total value of goods and services produced in a country. 2..Why agriculture is back bone of India ? Ans. This because 60% of indian population depends on agriculture and it also provides a large employment and it contributions 17% in the total GDP of the nation. Thank you

Sugarcane SHAMBHAVI CHAUBEY CLASS- 10TH ROLL NO :- 9

CONTENT ⚫ INTRODUCTION ⚫ PLANTING CONDITIONS ⚫ GROWTH AND HARVEST ⚫ Largest Producers ⚫ Uses and Importance of Sugarcane ⚫ Questions

Reeds That Produce Honey Without Bees-”Sugarcane” ⚫ Sugarcane is a tall perennial grass of the genus Saccharum, native to Southeast Asia and parts of the South Pacific. It can grow in warm temperate or tropical climates. ⚫ The internodes of the plant stalk are rich in the sugar sucrose, and the plants can grow to a height of two to six meters. ⚫ Every cultivar of commercially-grown sugarcane is a complex hybrid between several species and subspecies, all of which can potentially cross.



PLANTING CONDITIONS Climate ⚫ Though sugarcane can be cultivated in temperate zones, productivity is much higher in tropical climates. ⚫ A long, sunny, and hot (32 °C to 38 °C, 90 °F to 100 °F) growing season with moderate to high levels of rainfall (1100 and 1500 mm total), combined with a dry and cooler (12 ˚C to 14 ˚C, 54 °F to 57 °F) harvest season is ideal. ⚫ The amount of sugar accumulated in the dry weight at harvest is highly variable, and depends on the climatic conditions during the various phases of the plant’s growth.

Soil ⚫ Sugarcane can grow in various types of soils – sandy, loamy, and clay soils, as well as both acidic and alkaline soils (within the pH range of 5 to 8.5). ⚫ A well-drained loam with a pH of roughly 6.5 is absolutely ideal, but mechanical factors like soil compaction are much more consequential to crop success than soil composition and pH.

GROWTH AND HARVEST Planting ⚫ Sugarcane is vegetatively or clonally propagated, in order to ensure consistent cultivar characteristics. Planting is usually the most expensive procedure in the growing season. ⚫ Stalk sections, called “billets,” “setts,” or “seed pieces”—containing one or more buds—are usually planted in late summer, rooting and developing into a stand over winter. ⚫ During this time, the rooting plants are very vulnerable to rot and predation, and are thus often sprayed with insecticide and fungicide before being placed in the seedbed.



Growing ⚫ Sugarcane can take between 9-24 months to harvest, depending on the climate. ⚫ There is one harvest of the primary crop, and then 3-4 harvests of the “ratoon”, or regrowth. ⚫ In areas with less than 1500 millimeters meters of annual rainfall, the crop requires drip irrigation.

Stages of Growth of Sugarcane

Ripening ⚫ Ripening lasts for about three months, in which time the stalk dries out and accelerate the synthesis and storage of sugar. ⚫ Simple sugars like fructose are converted into sucrose during ripening.

Harvest ⚫ A cane harvester is used to cut down the full stalks, and cut them into smaller sections (around 30 cm). ⚫ The harvester is trailed by a cane haulout, which collects the billets.

Largest Producers Countries-: Brazil is the leading producer India is the second largest producer China is the third largest producer

States:- Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of in India, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana

Uses and Importance of Sugarcane ⚫ Sugarcane is mainly an industrial crop as the cane is supplied to sugar industries, where various products, from its juice are prepared by using a series of industry.

By-products of sugarcane- Sugar Jaggery (gur) Cachaca Bagasse Falernum Molasses

⚫ Sugarcane provides a juice, which is used for making white sugar, and jaggery (gur). • Bagasse is used as a fuel, for production of fiber board, papers, plastics and furfural.

⚫ Molasses is used in distilleries for the manufacture of ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, citric acid etc. Rum is the best potable spirit made from molasses. Molasses, also, is used as an additive to feeds for livestock. • Falernum is a sweet ingredient that adds a spiced flavor to many tropical and tiki-style drinks.

Questions ❑Sugarcane belongs to which genus? ❑H⚫ow high can sugarcane grow? ❑In what type of climate is the production of sugarcane more? ❑Which is more consequential to crop success than soil composition and pH? ❑What is the stalk section of sugarcane called? ❑How many months does sugarcane take to harvest? ❑Which country is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world? ❑Which state is the largest producer of sugarcane in India? ❑What are the by-products of sugarcane?

THANK YOU!!

COFFEE Done by: U. Sai Tejasweni Reddy. Class -10. Roll no. 12. Subject: Social Science.

TYPES OF COFFEE IN DIFFERENT PLACES 1.Vietnam - Robusta. 2.Indonesia - Robusta & Arabica. 3.Brazil - Arabica. 4.India - Arabica & Robusta. 5.Colombia - Arabica. 6.Ethiopia - Arabica. 7.Uganda - Arabica & Robusta.

Soil and climate >Soil should be deep, friable, open textured rich in plant nutrients with plenty of humus and of slightly acidic nature (pH – 4.5 to 6.5) Varieties Elevation (m) Rainfall (mm) Distribution Robusta 500 – 1000 1000 - 2000 Blossom shower - February- March Arabica 1000 - 1500 1600 - 2500 Blossom shower – March -April Backing shower during April – May is required for both the varieties



Seeds and sowing >Coffee is propagated by seeds Season >Planting spreads from June - December Preparation of seeds >Healthy and well developed fully ripe berries are harvested from specially identified plants for use as seed bearers. >After discarding the floats, the sound fruits are depulped, sieved and mixed with sieved wood ash and dried in shade. > The seed is then graded to remove all cut, triangular and elephant beans. >Prior to planting, the seeds are treated with Agrosan or any Organomercurial compound to prevent fungal infection



Nursery practices >Select light loamy soil of good drainage with high organic matter content with water and shade facilities. >Form raised beds of 15 cm height, 1m width and at convenient length. > Incorporate 30 - 40 kg of well rotten compost, 2 kg of finely sieved agricultural lime and 400 g of rock phosphate to a bed of 1 x 6 m size. >In heavy soils, it is necessary to add coarse sand for drainage and aeration.



Sowing >Pre-sowing seed treatment wiith Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium can be done. >Seeds are sown in December - January in the bed 1.5 - 2.5 cm apart with the flat side down wards in regular rows. >Then they are covered with a thin layer of fine soil and a layer of paddy straw. >Water the beds daily and protect from direct sunlight by an over head pandal. >Seeds germinate in about 45 days after which they are transplanted to a secondary nursery beds for raising ball or Bag nursery.



Preparation of field >Selective felling may be done while retaining a number of desirable shade trees. >Terracing should be done in deep slopy areas. >After the summer showers, pits of 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm are dug at 1.25 - 2.5 m apart. >The pits are left open for weathering and then filled and heaped for planting. >At the time of filling, apply 500 g of rock phosphate per pit along with top soil. >Planting is done along the contour in slopy areas.



Irrigation >It is generally grown as a rainfed crop. >But irrigation with sprinkler during March - April increases blossoming and results in higher yields.