Picturepedia An Encyclopedia on Every Page

Morland, Samuel 42 medieval Europe 308 Neptune 13 food 224–5 Morocco, flag 196 musical instruments 210–11, 313 missions to 17 population 180, 184 mosaics 208, 209 Renaissance 313 size 178 Mosasaurus 79 musk oxen 151 Neptunea 71 North Korea 333 mosques 202, 208 Muslim art 303 nerves, messages 40 flag 197 Mossad (Israel) 335 Muttaburrasaurus 75 nervous system 26, 35, 40 Northern lights 19 mosses 69, 71, 142 Myanmar, flag 197 netball 246 Norway moths 93, 94–5 Mycenae 290 the Netherlands fish 236 Moti Masjid (Delhi) 303 myths and legends fjords 189 motion, laws of 24 Greek 292–3 bread 232 flag 197 motorbikes 58–9 Imperial China 307 flag 197 Norwegian forest cats 136 motte and bailey castles 310 naan bread 232 nettles 143 notes, musical 212–13 Mount El’brus (Russian Federation) Nadi Temple (Fiji) 202 networks, computer 42 Nothosaurus 78 Nagasaki (Japan) 331 neutrons 25, 28 nuclear arms race 332 188 Namibia, flag 196 Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) 161 nuclear power 27 Mount Everest (Nepal) 159, 179, 183 narwhals 131, 151 new dandies 240 nucleus, atom 25, 28 NASA 16–17 New Horizons spacecraft 17 numbers 46–7 flag 197 National Basketball Association New Look fashion 242 Roman 295 Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 190, (NBA) 254 New Year’s Eve 204 nursery web spiders 88 nationalism 322 New Zealand 192, 193 The Nutcracker 216 191 Native Americans, art 208 flag 197 nuts 199 Mount McKinley (Alaska) 184 native religions 203 meat 238 Nyamuragira (Democratic Republic Mount Olympus (Greece) 292 NATO 332 Newgrange (Ireland) 285 of Congo) 160 Mount Pelée (Martinique) 161 natterjack toads 105 Newton, Isaac 18, 25 Mount Tambora (Indonesia) 161 nature 66–155 newts 68, 104–5 O Mount Unzen (Japan) 161 animals 88–141 Niagara Falls (Canada/USA) Mount Vesuvius (Italy) 161 fossils and prehistoric life 72–9 184 oaks 85, 142 Mount Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea) fungi 86–7 Nicaragua 333 oats 198 habitats 142–55 flag 196 Obama, Barack 319 193 how life began 70–1 revolution 317 oboes 210 mountain bikes 64, 264 plants 80–5 Nietzsche, Friedrich 222 obsessive-compulsive disorder mountains tree of life 68–9 Niger, flag 196 Nauru 181 Nigeria (OCD) 41 building 159 flag 197 flag 196 obtuse angles 48 habitat 159 nautical charts 268 food production 199 ocean racing 269 tallest 179 nautilus 97 population 190 Oceania movement navelworts 83 night sky and the brain 40 navigation tools 315 Northern 20–1 flags 197 caterpillar 95 sailing 268 Southern 22–3 food 225 frogs 105 Navratilova, Martina 259 Nighthawk 60–1, 63 population 180, 193 monkeys and apes 126 Nazca people 298 Nile River 288–9 size 178 Mozambique, flag 196 Nazi Party 331 Nimrud (Assyria) 286 oceans 152–3, 158 MRI scans 41 NCG 3603 Nebula 22 nitrogen 30 acidity 176 MSS (China) 335 Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon 286 Nixon, Richard 318, 332 ocean floor 170 Mughal Empire 302–3 nebulae 10, 20, 22 noble gases 31 sizes 171 mulberry trees 85 nectarines 199 non-flowering plants 80–1 temperatures 170 mullets 98 negative numbers 47 non-metals 31 ocelot 129 multiplication 46 Nemean Lion 293 Nordic combined 263 ocicats 137 mummies 288–9 Nemegtbaatar 79 Norfolk terriers 134 octaves 213 munchkin cats 136 Neogene Period 71 Norman cobbs 138 October Revolution (Russia) 316–17 Murray-Darling River (Australia) 193 Nepal 183 Normans 325 octopuses 68, 97, 152–3 muscles 35, 38–9 flag 197 Norse myths 296 The Odyssey 293 muscular system 35, 39 North America 184–5 Of Mice and Men (Steinbeck) 220 mushrooms 68, 86–7, 143 flags 196 off-road bikes 64 music how music works 212–13 Imperial Japan 305 349

off-road vehicles 51 oxygen 30, 32, 80, 84 passing petrification 73 Offa 324 oystercatchers 117 American football 251 pharaoh hounds 134 Ohm, Georg Simon 27 oysters 68, 97, 236, 237 basketball 255 pharaohs 288 oil lamps 291 football 249 phases, of Moon 15 Okavango Delta 191 PQ pheasants 116, 120, 239 Okayama Castle (Japan) 311 Passover 205 Philippines oleanders 81 paces, horse 281 pasta 234–5 olives 199 pachisi 277 Pasteur, Louis 33 flag 197 Olmec people 298, 299 Pacific islands 192–3 patience 277 Yellow Revolution 317 Olympic Games 290 Pacific Ocean 153, 171 patu digua spiders 89 Philoceratops 73 paddlefish 99 Pauling, Linus 29 philosophers 222–3 cycling 265 pages 311 Peace Memorial (Hiroshima) 331 Greek 291 Olympus Mons (Mars) 13, 161 painted lady butterflies 95 peaches 199 Phioma 79 Oman, flag 197 painted sun spiders 89 peacock butterflies 94 Phoenicians 314 Omega Centauri cluster 22 Pakicetus 131 peacocks 116 photosynthesis 80 onagers 139 Pakistan, flag 197 phylum (classification of life) Onyx River 195 Palaeozoic Era 70–1 feathers 120 69 Opabinia 78 Palau, flag 197 peanuts 199 physics 24–5 opals 168, 169 Paleogene Period 71 pearls 169 phytoplankton 150 Ophiacodon 71, 78 Palio Horserace (Siena) 204 peas 198 pi 49 optical telescopes 18 palm oil 198 pedals, bicycle 64 pianos 211 Orange Revolution (Ukraine) Palmieri, Luigi 163 Peel, Edward 271 keyboard 212–13 Panama, flag 196 Pegasus 293 piccolos 210 317 pandas 33, 143 pegmatites 166 pick-up trucks 54 oranges 199 Pandora’s jar 293 pelargoniums 83 pick-up sticks 276 orangutans 126, 183 pandoro bread 233 pelicans 116, 189 Pierce, Franklin 318 orb formation 294 panettone 233 pellets, owl 119 Piero della Francesca 313 orbits Pangea 178 Pembrokeshire Welsh corgis 135 pigeons 117, 121, 132, 239 pansies 81 Penguin paperbacks 220 pigs 141, 199 Earth 178 panther chameleons 109 penguins 116, 132, 150, 151, 194 pikas 150 Moon 14 Panthera 69, 73 penny farthings 65 pill woodlice 91 planets 13 paper 221, 307 Pentaceratops 74 pillars, formation of 165 orcas 150, 151, 155, 194 Papua New Guinea, flag 197 peppers 199 pilot whales 131 orchestras 210 Paracelsus 312 percentages 47 pines 80, 143 orchids 82, 83, 144, 185 Paraguay, flag 196 perception 41 Pioneer spacecraft 16, 17 order (classification of life) 69 parallelograms 48, 49 perch 99 piranhas 99, 144 Ordovician Period 71 Parasaurolophus 75 Percheron horses 138 pirate flags 197 organic gemstones 169 parental care perching birds 117 pistol shrimps 90 organisms, single-cell 69 pit fruit 226–7 Organization of African Unity 322 crocodilians 112 feathers 121 pitch (music) 212–13 organs 34 midwife toads 105 percussion instruments 211 pitcher plants 81, 145 oriental cats 137 monkeys and apes 126 Periodic Table 30–1 pitches, football 248 Orion Nebula 20 Paris (France) 189 Permian Period 70–1 pitta bread 232 Ornithocheirus 78 parrotfish 98, 155 Persephone 293 Pixiebob longhairs 137 ornithopods 75 parrots 117, 144 Perseus constellation 20 pizza 232 Ornithosuchus 78 feathers 120 Persian cats 137 Placerias 78 Osman I (Gazi), Sultan 300 Parthenon (Athens) 209, 219, 290 perspective 313 Placodus 78 ospreys 118 partridges 116, 239 Peru 186, 187 plaice 98 ostriches 116, 121, 149 paso doble 215 planets 11, 12–13 otters 142 Pascal, Blaise 42 flag 196 size of 13 Ottoman Empire 300–1 pasque flowers 151 history 286, 298–9 plant-eating dinosaurs 74–5 World War I 328, 329 Passchendaele 328 pasta 235 Plantagenets 325 overgrazing 146 passenger planes 61 Peruvian Inca Orchid 134 plantains 199 owls 116, 119, 132, 149 pesticides 176 oxbow lakes 164 Peteinosaurus 78 Petra (Jordan) 182 350

plants 33, 159 Polaris 19, 21 prediction tricks 279 Pythagoras 222, 291 desert 148, 149 pole vault 260 prehistoric animals 78–9 Pythagoras’s theorem 49 forests 142–3 polecats 142 pythons 110–11, 146–7 fossils 72 police vehicles 55 see also dinosaurs Qatar, flag 197 fruit 226–7 Polk, James K. 318 prehistoric art 208 Qatrana Castle (Jordan) 311 growth of 80 pollination 83 prehistoric man 284–5 Qin Shi Huang 306 how life began 70–1 Pollock, Jackson 209 preserved meats 239 quadrilaterals 48 polar regions 151 pollution 176 presidents, US 318–19 quails 116, 141, 239 rainforest 144–5 polo 247, 281 pretzels 233 Quant, Mary 242 savanna 147 Polo, Marco 314 prickly pears 148 quantum physics 25 tree of life 69 polygons 48 Pride and Prejudice (Austen) 221 quarks 25 trees 84–5 Polynesia 192 primary feathers 120 quartz 166 vegetables 228–9 Pompeii 209 primates 68, 126–7 Pompidou Centre (Paris) 218 prime numbers 47 gems 168–9 plasma sphere 27 ponies 139 printing presses 221, 312 Quaternary Period 71 plastics 29, 44 pony of the Americas 139 processor chips 42 quavers 212 plate boundaries 159, 162 poodles 135 production tricks 279 Queen Alexandra’s birdwings 94, 95 Plateosaurus 70, 73, 75 pool 247 programming languages 42 quince trees 85 platform shoes 241 poppies 81, 151 Prometheus 293 quipu 296 Plato 223, 291 population prosauropods 74 Qu’ran 202 platypuses 193 protists 33, 69, 159 platysma 38 Africa 180, 190 Protoceratops 75 R Pleiades star cluster 20 Antarctica 195 protons 25, 28 Pliohippus 79, 138 Asia 180, 183 Protostega 70 rabbits 141 Plioplatecarpus 79 Europe 180, 188 Protosuchus 79 raccoons 142 ploughs 45, 52, 286 North America 180, 184 Przewalski’s horses 139 racing cars 51 plovers 151 Oceania 180, 193 pseudoscorpions 89 racket sports 256–7 Pluto 19 South America 180, 186 Psittacosaurus 75 racketts 313 pod vegetables 228–9 porcupine fish 99, 154 ptarmigans 151 racquetball 247, 257 podengos 134 porcupines 125 Pterodactyl 70 radio communications 44 pointe shoes 216, 217 pork 238 Pterodaustro 78 radio telescopes 18 poison porpoises 131 pterosaurs 70 radio waves 25 Porsche cars 50–1 Ptolemy 18 radios, spies 334 frogs 105, 145 Portugal puff adders 111 radius 36, 48 mushrooms 87 Carnation Revolution 316 puffballs 86 rafflesia 83, 144 plants 81 fish 236 pufferfish 98 raft spiders 89 rainforest animals 145 flag 197 puffins 117, 151 Ragdoll cats 137 scorpions 88 Portuguese Empire 322 pugs 135 Ragnar 297 snakes 111 tsunami 163 pumas 129 raids, Viking 296 spiders 89 Poseidon 293 pumpernickel 232 railways poison-dart frogs 104, 105, 144, 145 positive numbers 47 punishments Poisson d’Avril (France) 205 Post Impressionism 209 birth of 326, 327 Poitevin horses 138 potatoes 198 from the gods 292 US Civil War 320 poker 277 pottery see ceramics medieval European 309 rain, non-aqueous 175 Poland poultry 239 punk style 241, 243 rainfall 171, 173, 179 bread 232 power stations 27 pupae 93 rainforest 144–5 flag 197 powers 46 Purim 205 Amazon 187 food production 199 prairie dogs 125 pygmy owls 119 Costa Rica 185 Solidarity 317 prawns 91 pyramids raising aces trick 279 World War II 330 prayer flags 202 Chichen Itza 185 Raleigh, Sir Walter 315 polar bears 151 Pre-Cambrian Era 70 Egyptian 190, 288 Ramadan 204 Polar cell 173 precious stones 168–9 Giza 190 Ramses II 288 polar regions 158 precipitation 173 square 49 Range Rover cars 51 exploration 315 pyroclastic flows 161 rapeseed 198 351

rapids 164 rainforest 144–5 rodents 68, 124–5 space programme 15 raptors 118–19 savanna 146–7 rodeo 281 World War I 328, 329 rare earth metals 31 skeletons 132 Rodin, Auguste 209 see also Soviet Union rats 124–5 snakes 110–11 rods, fishing 270 Russian black terriers 134 ratsnakes 111 tree of life 68 roe, fish 237 Russian blue cats 137 rattlesnakes 110–11, 149 turtles and tortoises 106–7 Rollo 297 Russian toy dogs 135 rauschpfeife 313 reservoirs 171 rolls, bread 232–3 Rutherford, Ernest 25 RAW (India) 335 respiratory system 35 Romania, flag 197 Rwanda, flag 196 ray-finned fish 68 restoration tricks 279 Rome, Ancient 286, 294–5 rye 198 rays 68, 101, 153, 154–5 revolutions 316–17 Reagan, Ronald 319, 332 Rhabdodon 75 art 209 S real tennis 246, 257 Rhamphorynchus 78 clothing 240 Realism, art 208 rhinoceroses 68, 79, 147 flag 196 sacred dance 214 rebecs 313 Rhodesian ridgebacks 135 trade 314 sacrifices 299 recorders 313 rhomboids 38 Rome (Italy) 189, 313 saddles 280 recording devices 334 rhombuses 48, 49 Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare) 221 safety bicycles 65 rectangles 48, 49 rhythm 212–13 Romulus and Remus 295 Sagrada Familia (Barcelona) 218 recycling 177 Rialto Bridge (Venice) 313 rooks 121 Sahara Desert 190 redshanks 117 rice 198 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 319 sailing 268–9 redwoods 84 Richard I (The Lionheart), King 309, 325 Roosevelt, Theodore 318, 330 St Basil’s Cathedral (Moscow) 219 reef fish 154–5 Richard III, King 324 root vegetables 228–9 St Bernards 135 reels, fishing 270 Richter scale 163 roots, plant 80 St Demetrios of Thessaloniki reflecting telescopes 18 riding gear 280 ropes, knots 274–5 Reflection nebula 20 rifles 321 rosary peas 81 (Bulgaria) 308 reflective symmetry 49 right angles 48 Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel 334 St Elmo’s fire 175 reflex angles 48 right whales 130–1 roses 83 St Kitts & Nevis, flag 196 refracting telescopes 18 rigs, fishing 270 Rosetta spacecraft 16 St Patrick’s Day 205 refrigerators 44 rings, planetary 12–13 Rosette nebula 22 St Peter’s Basilica (Rome) 202, 313 reindeer 150–1 Rio Carnival (Brazil) 204 rotational symmetry 49 St Vincent & the Grenadines, flag Reinsch, Gabriele 260 rituals 299 Rotorua (New Zealand) 193 relay running 261 river bank, rainforest 144–5 Rotularia 71 196 religion river dolphins 131 round fish 236–7 salamanders 68, 104, 132 rivers 159, 171 rounders 247 salame 239 Ancient Americas 299 landscape formation 164, 165 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 222 Salar de Uyuni (Bolivia) 187 Ancient Egypt 289 road bikes 65, 265 Route du Rhum 269 salmon, Atlantic 122 Ancient Greece 291 road racing 265 rowans 85 salsa 215 early civilizations 287 roads, Roman 295 rowing 267 salt pans 187 Imperial China 307 Roaring Forties 172 royal grammas 98 salt water 170 Imperial Japan 304 Roaring Twenties, clothing 240, 243 Royal Opera House (London) 216 medieval Europe 309 Robertia 78 rubies 169 fishing 270 world religions 202–3 robins 117, 142 Rubik’s cube 277 Saltasaurus 74 remora fish 153 robots 43 rudders, ship’s 306 salted fish 236 Renaissance 312–13 rock art rugby 247 saltwater crocodiles 112 art 208 Aboriginal 192 rumba 215 saltwater fish 98–9 fashion 242 prehistoric 208, 285 rummy 277 salukis 135 renewable energy 177 rock cycle 167 runes 296 Salyut space station 16 Renoir, Pierre-Auguste 208 Rocket, Stephenson’s 57, 326 running 260 samba 215 reproductive system 35 rockling 98 Russia Samburu people 11 reptiles 106–13 rocks 166–7 area 181, 183, 188 Samoa, flag 197 crocodiles and alligators 112–13 Rococo earthquake 162 samoyeds 134 desert 148 art 208 flag 197 Samurai warriors 304–5 lizards 108–9 clothing 241 food production 199 San Marino 181 prehistoric 78, 79 population 188 flag 197 sand cats 129 sand dunes 148 352

sand spits 164 sea sponges 68, 155 Shackleton, Ernest 194, 315 Siamese cats 136 sanshou 272 sea squirts 154 Shah Jahan, Emperor 302, 303 Siamese fighting fish 99 Santa Maria (Guatemala) 161 sea urchins 133, 237 Shakespeare, William 221 Siberian cats 136 São Paulo (Brazil) 186 seadragons 98 shamanism 203 Siberian huskies 134 São Tomé & Príncipe, flag 196 seahorses 98, 99, 152, 155 Shang dynasty 306 Siddhartha Gautama 223 sapphires 168–9 seals 150, 151, 152, 194 sharks 68, 98, 100–1 sidecars 58–9 Sargassum fish 99 seashells 102–3 siege weapons 311 sartorius 38 seasons 172 coral reefs 154–5 Sierra Leone, flag 196 Sartre, Jean-Paul 223 oceans 152, 153 Sierra Negra (Galápagos) 160 sashimi 236 polar 150 polar regions 151 sifakas 127 satellites 45, 173, 333 trees 84 sharps (music) 213 sight hounds 135 Saturn 12, 19 secondary feathers 121 sheep 140–1, 239, 311 sign language 207 secret agents 334 cheese 231 signals missions to 17 secret compartments 335 sheepdogs 135 satyrs 292 secretary birds 119 shellfish 237 with flags 197 Saudi Arabia, flag 197 sectors 48 shells officials’ (basketball) 255 Saumur Castle (France) 311 sediment 164 crustaceans 90–1 referee’s (American football) 251 Sauropelta 75 sedimentary rocks 166–7 seashells 102–3 Sikhism 203 sauropods 74 seeds snails 96, 97, 102–3 silk 306 sausages 238, 239 dispersal 80 turtles and tortoises 106 Silk Road 307 savanna 146–7 food 199 Shetland ponies 139 Silurian Period 71 Savannah cats 137 fossils 72 shield volcanoes 160 silver birch 85 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 325 fruit 83, 226, 227 shields Simosuchus 78 scent hounds 135 germination 80 Ancient Greek 291 Sinclair C5 64 schools (fish) 153 planting 52 Ottoman 301 Singapore, flag 197 science 10–41 vegetables 228 Roman 294 Singapura cats 137 segments 48 Viking 297 singing dogs, New Guinea 134 biology 32–41 seismology 162, 163 Shinto 203, 304 Sinosauropteryx 76 chemistry 28–31 Selim I (The Grim), Sultan 300 ships Sirens 293 physics 24–7 Selkirk rex cats 137 ancient explorers 314 Sisyphus 292 Renaissance 312 semaphore 197 Ancient Greek 291 skates 101 scientific journeys 315 semi-precious stones 168–9 US Civil War 320 skating 263 space 10–23 semibreves 212 Viking 296 skeletal system 35, 37 scops owls 119 semiquavers 212 World War I 329 skeletons scorpionfish 98 semitones 213 World War II 331 animal 132–3 scorpions 68, 88–9, 144, 149 Senegal, flag 196 shire horses 138 human 36–7 Scott, Robert Falcon 194, 315 senet 277 shoals 153 squirrel 124 Scottish fold cats 137 senses 40 shock waves (earthquakes) 162 ski jumping 263 Scottish terriers 134 sharks 101 shoes skiing 262–3 screech owls 119 Seoul (South Korea) 180 ballet 216, 217 skin 34 Scutosaurus 70 sepak takraw 246 dancing 215 skinks 109 Scylla 293 sequences, number 46 Imperial China 307 skuas 151 sea beets 83 Serbia, flag 197 men’s fashions 240–1 skulls sea birds 117, 121 Serengeti 146 women’s fashions 242–3 dinosaurs 75, 77 sea bream 98–9 migration 123 Shoguns 304 human 36 sea fans 154–5 servals 128, 146 Shonisaurus 78 skunk cabbage, Western 83 sea level, rising 176 SETI project 19 shopping, online 43 skunks 142 sea lions 152 Seven Little Australians (Turner) 220 short-haired cats 136–7 Skylab 16 sea scorpions 98 sewage 176 shot put 247, 261 skylarks 117 sea slaters 91 sextants 44, 315 shrimps 90–1, 153, 154 skyscrapers sea slugs 96–7, 155 Seychelles Shunosaurus 74 earthquakes 163 sea snails fish 236 shuttlecocks 257 tallest 219 fossils 72 flag 196 siamang 127 slalom 262 shells 102–3 353

slavery 323 Somalia, flag 196 speed squid 68, 97, 150, 153, 237 sledges 315 sombo 272 leopards 129 squires 311 sleight of hand 279 Somme, Battle of the 328 trains 57 squirrel monkeys 126 sliding sports 263 Song dynasty 306 squirrelfish 98 Slocum, Joshua 269 sorghum 198 speed skating 263 squirrels 124–5, 133 Slovakia, flag 197 Sorraia ponies 139 sperm whales 130–1, 152 SR-71 Blackbird 62–3 Slovenia, flag 197 sorrel 143 sphagnum 81 Sri Lanka, flag 197 slugs 96–7 Sotomayor, Javier 260 Sphenosuchus 79 stacks, formation of 165 sound barrier 61 spheres 49 stag beetles 92, 143 eggs 115 sound waves 25 Sphinx (Egypt) 190, 218, 289 staghorn coral 155 Smalls, Robert 321 South Africa, flag 196 Sphynx cats 137 Stagonolepis 78 smart casual clothing South America 186–7 spices 323 stalactites 165 spider crabs 90 stalagmites 165 240 ancient civilizations 298–9 spider flowers, Brazilian 83 Stalin, Joseph 332 Smilodon 79 flags 196 spider monkeys 145 standard bikes 58 smoked fish 236 food 224 spiders 68, 88–9, 133, 149 star clusters 20, 22 snailfish 153 population 180, 186 spiderworts 82 star forts 310 snails 68, 96–7 size 178 spies 334–5 starlings 121, 132 Spanish, Portuguese empires 322 spinach 198 stars 10 eggs 115 South Atlantic Race 269 spine 36 snakes 68, 110–11, 132, 146–7, 148 South Korea 333 spinning machines 327 Northern skies 20–1 flag 197 Spinosaurus 76 Southern skies 22–3 eggs 115 South Pole 194 spiral staircases 310 static electricity 26 rainforest 144–5 flag 197 spitz dogs 134 staves (music) 212–13 snakes and ladders 276 South Sudan, flag 196 sponges 68, 71, 153 stealth fighters 60–1, 63 snapdragons 83 Southern lights 19 spore trees 85 steam engines 44–5, 56, 320, 326, snappers 98 Southern Ocean 153, 171 spores 86, 87 327 snooker 247 Soviet Union sporting dance 215 steeplechase 281 snowboarding 262 Cold War 332–3 sports stegosaurs 74 Snowshoe cats 137 space programme 15, 16–17 Stegosaurus 74, 75 snowstorms 174 World War II 330–1 American football 250–1 stellar neighbourhood 11 snowy owls 119, 150 see also Russia athletics 260–1 stem vegetables 228, 229 social networking 43 soya beans 198 ball sports 246–7 Stenacanthus 71 society space 10–11 baseball 252–3 Stephenson, George 326, 327 Imperial Japan 304 exploration 16–17, 314 basketball 254–5 Stephenson, Robert 57, 326 Roman 295 Northern skies 20–1 combat sports 272–3 stilt fishermen 271 Viking 296 Southern skies 22–3 cycling 264–5 stingrays 101 Socrates 223, 291 volcanoes in 161 fishing 270–1 stink lilies 83 soft cheese 230 Space Race 15, 333 football 248–9 stollen 233 soft coral 155 space walks 333 horse sports 281 stonefish 98, 153 softball 247 Spain racket sports 256–7 Stonehenge (England) 18, 204–5, 285 software 42 flag 197 sailing 268–9 stonemasons 311 Soho spacecraft 16 food production 198 tennis 258–9 storks 116, 121 Solar Impulse 263 football 248 water sports 266–7 stratosphere 159 solar power 27, 177 meat 238 winter sports 262–3 stratovolcanoes 160 Solar System 11, 12–13 Spanish Civil War 316 sports bikes 58–9 street dance 215 soldiers Spanish Empire 322 spotlight loosejaws 152 strike aircraft 60–1 US Civil War 320–1 spaniels 134–5 sprinting 261 string instruments 211 World War I 329 Spanish language 206 sprites 175 string trick, magic 279 World War II 330 Spanish water dogs 134 spruce 85 Struthiomimus 73, 76 soles 98 sparrowhawks 143 Sputnik 1 16, 333 Stuarts 324 Solidarity 317 spears 44 squared numbers 46 stunts, motorbike 58 solitaire 276 species 69 squares 48, 49 stupas 202 Solomon Islands, flag 197 squash 246, 256 solutions 28 Somali cats 137 354

Styracosaurus 74 sweet potatoes 198 Tantalus 292 Thecodontosaurus 73 subtraction 46 swifts 117 Tanzania, flag 196 theodolites 312 Suchomimus 76 swimming 266 Taoism 203 Therizonosaurus 76 suckerfish 271 Swinging Sixties 242 taolu 272 thermosphere 159 Sudan, flag 196 switches 26 tapestries 208 theropods 76–7 Suez Crisis 322 Switzerland tapirs 68 Theseus 293 Suffolk Punch horses 138 tarantulas 89, 133, 149 Thiepval (France) 328 sugar beet 198 cheese 230 Tasmanian devils 193 Thirties, fashion 240, 242 sugar cane 198, 323 flag 197 Tay Ninh Temple (Vietnam) 203 Thomas Aquinas 223 Suleiman I (The Magnificent), Sultan pasta-eating 235 tea 323 thorny devils 148 Sydney (Australia) 193 technology 42–65 thoroughbred horses 138 300, 301 Sydney Opera House 192, 218 thoughts 40 Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Istanbul) 300–1 symbols computers 42–3 throwing 260 sultans, Ottoman 300–1 numerical 46 inventions 44–5 thunderstorms 174 Sumatra, earthquakes and tsunamis religious 202–3 vehicles 50–65 Thylacosmilus 71 synaesthesia 41 tectonic plates 159, 162 tidal energy 171, 177 162, 163 synchronized swimming 266 tegu lizards 109 tidal surges 171 Sumba ponies 139 synthetic fibres 29 telegraphs 321, 327 Tiffanie cats 137 Sumer 286 Syria, flag 197 telephones 44, 327 tiger sharks 100, 154 sumo wrestling 272, 273 Syrian ponies 139 teleportation tricks 279 tigers 69, 128, 129, 133 Sun 12, 19 telescopes 18, 315 Tikal 298 T television 44 Tiktaalik 71 distance of planets from 12–13 Telford, Thomas 327 tilapia 99 missions to 16–17 table tennis 246, 256 Temnodontosaurus 78 Tillandsia 81 Sun Yat-sen 317 table top games 276–7 temperate deciduous forests 142 time signatures 212 sundog 19 tack, horse 280 temperate dry forests 142 time zones 180 sunfish 99 tacking (sailing) 269 temperatures tissue 34 sunflower seeds 198 tackle, fishing 270 extreme 179 Titanosaurus 75 sunlit zone, ocean 152–3 tackling (football) 249 water 170 Titans 292 sunspots 19, 175 tadpoles 104 Temple of Heaven (Beijing) 219 Titian 208 supercars 50–1 taekwondo 272 tempo 213 tits 142 superclusters 10 Taft, William H. 318 tendons 39 To Kill a Mockingbird (Lee) 221 supercomputers 42 taichu calendar 307 tennis 246, 256, 258–9 toads 68, 104–5, 147 supersonic flight 60, 61, 62 tail feathers 120 Tentosaurus 75 toes 37 supervolcanoes 161 tails Teotihuacan 298 Togo, flag 196 surface area 49 Teratornis 78 Tokyo (Japan) 180, 183 surfing 192, 267 cats 136 Tereshkova, Valentina 333 Toltec people 298, 299 surgeon fish 99, 154 dinosaurs 75 termites 147 Tomato Battle (Spain) 204 Suriname, flag 196 lizards 109 terns 122, 123 tomatoes 199 Surrealism 209 monkeys 126 Terracotta Army 306 Tomb of Humayun (Delhi) 303 surveillance cameras 43 taipan, Australian 111 terrapins 107 Tomb of Safdarjung (Delhi) 303 sushi 236 Taiwan, flag 197 terriers 134 Tomba, Alberto 262 suspension tricks 279 Taj Mahal (Agra, India) 182, 218, 303 Tesla, Nikola 27 tones (music) 213 suspensions 28 Tajikistan, flag 197 testudo 294 Tonga, flag 197 swallows 117 Takatsuna, Sasaki 304 Tet Trung Thu (Vietnam) 204 tongues migration 122 talons 118 tetras 99 swallowtail butterflies 94, 95, 143 tamarins 126 Thai boxing 272 cats 136 Swan Lake 216 tandem cycles 65 Thai ridgebacks 135 frogs 105 swans 117 Tang dynasty 306 Thai water dragon 109 snakes forked 110 feathers 121 tangerines 199 Thailand, flag 197 Tonkinese cats 137 Swaziland, flag 196 tango 215 Thales “the Wise” 222 tools Sweden tangrams 49 Thanksgiving (USA) 205 early 284–5 flag 197 tankers 54 theatre, Imperial Japan 305 early civilizations 286 pasta-eating 235 tanks 329, 331 sweet peas 83 355

magicians 278 treesnakes 111 turpentine trees 85 Cold War 332–3 monkeys and apes 126 trenches 328–9 turtles 68, 106–7, 132, 144, 155 European empires 322 navigation 315 Trevithick, Richard 56, 57, 326, 327 flag 196 toothed whales 130 triangles 48, 49 eggs 115 food production 198 topaz 169 Triassic Period 70 migration 123 meat 238 Topkapı Palace (Istanbul) 300 Triceratops 73, 74, 75 tusk shells 103 pasta 235 Torah 203 tricks tuskfish 98 population 184 tornadoes 174, 175 Tutankhamun 288 presidents 318–19 tortilla 232 magic 278–9 Tuthmosis III 288 space programme 15, 16–17 tortoises 106–7, 132, 147, 148, 186 of the mind 41 Tuvalu 181 tornadoes 174 eggs 115 trilobites 70–1, 72 flag 197 US Civil War 320–1 tortures 309 Trinidad & Tobago, flag 196 twilight zone, ocean 152–3 World War I 328, 329 Torvill, Jayne 263 triple jump 260 twist 214 World War II 330–1 totem poles 208 triremes 291 twisters 175 Universe 10–11 toucans 116, 144 triticale 198 Tyler, John 318 Ur (Mesopotamia) 208, 286 feathers 120 Triton 161 Tyrannosaurus rex 72–3, 76,77 Uranus 13, 19 Tour de France 265 Trojan Horse 290, 293 urinary system 35 tourer motorbikes 58 trombones 210 UV Ursa Major 19 towns, rise of the new 327 tropical storms 175 Uruguay Toyota cars 50, 51 troposphere 159 Uganda, flag 196 flag 196 track bikes 65, 265 trotting 281 Uintatherium 71, 79 football 248 tracks trout 99 ukeleles 211 meat 238 athletics 260 trucks 54–5 Ukraine Uruk 286 cycling 264–5 Antarctica 195 Uzbekistan, flag 197 sliding sports 263 Truman, Harry S. 319, 333 flag 197 Valles Caldera (New Mexico) 161 tractors 52–3 trumpetfish 98–9 food production 199 valleys, glaciated 164 trade trumpets 210 Orange Revolution 317 Van Buren, Martin 319 Ancient Egypt 314 tsetse flies 147 Ulama 299 Van Gogh, Vincent 209 Ancient Rome 314 tsoureke 233 ultraviolet 25 vanishing tricks 279 European empires 323 tsunamis 163 ultraviolet telescopes 18 Vanuatu, flag 197 trains 56–7 tubas 210 Uluru (Australia) 192 vaquitas 131 Trakai Island Castle (Lithuania) 308 tubers 229 umpires Vargas, Getulio 316 transformation, magic 279 tucuxi dolphins 130 baseball 252 Vatican City 181 transition metals 31 Tudors 324 tennis 258 flag 197 transport tughras 300 underground railways 57 Vegavis 70 aircraft 60–3 tulip trees 80 understorey, rainforest 144–5 vegetables 198–9, 228–9 bicycles 64–5 tulips 81 underwater hockey 266 vehicles cars 50–1 tunas 271 Underworld 292, 293 aircraft 60–3 motorbikes 58–9 tuning forks 25 unicycles 65 bicycles 64–5 trains 56–7 Tunisia uniforms motorbikes 58–9 transporters 54 flag 196 US Civil War 320 tractors 52–3 trapdoor spiders 88 pasta-eating 235 Vietnam War 333 trains 56–7 trapeziums 48, 49 Tuojiangosaurus 72 World War I 329 trucks and diggers 54–5 treasure, Viking 296–7 turacos 116 Unionists (US Civil War) 320–1 Velocar 64–5 treble clef 212 turbot 98 United Arab Emirates, flag 197 velocipedes 65 trebuchets 311 Turkey 300 United Kingdom Velociraptor 76 tree ferns 850 bread 232 British Empire 322 velodromes 265 tree frogs 104, 144, 185 flag 197 flag 197 Velux 5 Oceans (yacht race) 269 tree of life 68–9 turkeys 116, 120, 141, 239 monarchs 324–5 Venezuela 186 tree rings 84 Turkish Angoras 137 World War I 328 flag 196 trees 84–5 Turkish Vans 136 World War II 330–1 Venice (Italy) 313 see also forests Turkmenistan, flag 197 United States 184–5 Carnival 205 turnips 199 American Revolution 317 area 181 356

venison 239 waltzes 215 whales 68, 130–1, 152, 194 woodpeckers 143, 149 Venus 12, 19, 161 wandering spiders, Brazilian 89, 145 migration 122 feathers 120 wands, magic 278 polar regions 150–1 missions to 17 warblers 117 woodwind instruments 210 Venus figurines 285 warfare see arms and armour wheat 198 wool 140 Venus flytraps 81 warriors wheaten terriers 134 working dogs 135 Verdun, Battle of 328 Wheatstone, Charles 327 world records, athletics 260 Versailles (France) 216 Ancient Greek 291 wheel, invention of 45, 287 World Series baseball 253 vertebrates Ancient Rome 294 whelks 97, 102, 237 World War I 328–9 Aztec 299 whip spiders 89 World War II 330–1 fossils 73 early civilizations 287 whiskers, cats 136 World Wide Web 45 tree of life 68 Mongol 306 White Nights Festival (St wrentits 117 Vesalius, Andreas 312 Warsaw Pact 332 wrestling 272 vexillology 196 Washington, George 318 Petersburg) 205 Wright brothers 63 Victoria, Queen 325 wasps 93, 143, 149 white water rafting 267 writing Victoria Falls (Zambia/Zimbabwe) 191 waste 176–7 Whitney, Eli 327 Victorian period, fashion 243 water wild ass, African 139 Chinese 306 Vietnam on Earth 170–1 wild boars 143 early civilizations 287 August Revolution 316 and habitat loss 146 wild cats 128–9 Greek 291 flag 197 and life 32 wild dogs, African 147 Maya 296 Vietnam War 333 molecule 28 wildebeest 122, 123, 146, 191 music 212 Vikings 296–7, 314 water buffaloes, cheese 231 wildlife see animals Wu Zetian 306 Vinson Massif 195 water cycle 171 William IV, King 325 X-ray telescopes 18 violas 211 water erosion 165 William the Conqueror 309 X-rays 25 violins 25, 211 water hemlocks 81 Williams, Serena 259 Xenophora 71 viperfish 152 water lilies 80 Willoughby, Hugh 315 Xinhai Revolution 317 vipers 110–11, 145 water polo 247, 266 willows 85, 151 xylophones 211 Virgin Galactic 17 water power 171 Wilson, Woodrow 319 yachts 268–9 vitamins, vegetables 228 water spiders 88 wind 173 yams 199 volcanoes 70, 160–1, 167 water sports 266–7 Yangtze River (China) 183 oceanic 170 water to ice trick 278 katabatic 175 yeasts 69 voles 124–5 waterfalls, formation of 164 sailing 269 Yellow Revolution (Philippines) 318 Volga River (Russian Federation) 188 watermelons 199 wind displays 268 Yellowstone Caldera (USA) 161 Volkswagen cars 50 water-skiing 267 wind erosion 164, 165 Yellowstone National Park (USA) volleyball 246 Watt, James 327 wind power 177 185 Volta, Alessandro 27, 327 weapons see arms and armour Windcheetah bicycles 64–5 Yemen, flag 197 voltage 27 weather 172–3 Windsors 325 yews 80, 85 Voltaire 222 extreme 174–5, 176 windsurfing 267 ylang ylang 85 volume 49 record-breaking 173 wings Yongle 306 Volvo Ocean Race 269 weather balloons 173 birds 116, 118, 120, 121 Yoritomo, Minamoto 304, 305 Voyager spacecraft 16, 17 weathering 167 insect 92 Yorkists 324 Vulcanodon 74 webs, spider 89 winter sports 262–3 Yorkshire terriers 134 vultures 118, 146–7, 149 weight 24 winter’s bark 80 Yoshisada, Nitta 304 weights (fishing) 270 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 223 Ypres, Battle of 328 WXYZ Welbike scooter 59 Wiwaxia 78 Zambia, flag 196 Wellingtonia 85 wolf spiders 88 Zapata, Emiliano 317 wading birds 117 Welsh mountain ponies 139 Wollstonecraft, Mary 222 Zapotec people 298 feathers 121 West Highland white terriers 134 wolverines 151 zebras 139, 146, 191 Western Pygmy Blue butterflies 94, wolves 133, 134, 143, 151 Zeppelin, Ferdinand, Graf von 63 Wai Khru Ram Muay 215 95 dire 79 Zhou dynasty 306 wake robins 143 Western Wall (Jerusalem) 203 maned 147 Ziggurat (Ur) 286 wakeboarding 267 wetlands 159 women’s fashion 242–3 Zimbabwe, flag 196 walking, horses 281 whale sharks 100, 155 wood 29, 177 Zoroastrianism 203 walruses 151 woodcocks 120 Zuse, Konrad 43 wooded savanna 146 migration 122 357

Acknowledgments Tractor Works (c/Thieman, ftr/Moline); Rabtrak (c/YTO 180, crb/Felderman, fcrb/Soils 20); Derek Mellor (tc); Paul Rackham Smithsonian Enterprises: (Lowell Obs.), Jane Charlton (Penn State) et al.; (r); ESA / (bc, cra, fcrb/International T-20); Happy Old Iron, Marc President, Christopher A. Liedel Hubble and the Hubble Heritage Team (bc); ESA and the Hubble Geerkens (crb/Georges Vidal); Robin Simons (fcra); Paul Senior Vice President, Carol LeBlanc Heritage Team STScI / AURA)-ESA / Hubble Collaboration (bc/ Holmes (fcr); Piet Verschelde (fbr). 53 Dorling Kindersley: Vice President, Brigid Ferraro N90); ESA, ESO, & Danny LaCrue (cb). 11 ESO: E. Slawik (crb). James Coward (ca); Daniel Ward (ftl, tl, cla, fcra/McDonald Licensing Manager, Ellen Nanney NASA: (cl, clb); Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Imperial); Roger and Fran Desborough (tc, fcrb, fclb); The Key Accounts Manager, Cheryl Stepanek Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute (cb); Johns Hopkins Shuttleworth Collection (tr); Andrew Farnham (fcla/Massey- Product Development Manager, Kealy Gordon Applied Physics Laboratory (br). 12 ESO: NASA, ESA, and A. Harris); Mary and Brian Snelgar (cra); Lister Wilder (c); Robert Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center) (clb). NASA: (ca, cra). 13 Crawford (ftr); Happy Old Iron, Marc Geerkens (fcra/Pavesi Consultants at the Smithsonian Institution: NASA: ESA, and L. Lamy (Observatory of Paris, CNRS, CNES) America); Paul Rackham (fcla/Titan, fcr, fbl, clb, bc); Henry National Museum of Natural History: Dr. Salima Ikram, (cb); JPL (cra, crb). 14 NASA: Goddard / MIT / Brown (bl). 15 Flashman (bl); Richard Mason (fbr/Doe Triple-D); David Egyptology Unit Head, Department of Anthropology; Dr. NASA: (crb). 16 Dorling Kindersley: Dave Shayler / Astro Info Wakefield (fbr/JCB). 54–55 Fotolia: Yahia Loukkal (b). 54 William Fitzhugh, Curator of Archaeology and Director of Service Ltd (fcl/Apollo 7, fcl/Apollo 10, fcl/Apollo 11, fcl/Apollo Dorling Kindersley: DaimlerChrysler AG (fcl, clb). Fotolia: Arctic Studies Center, Department of Anthropology; James 14, fcl/Apollo 15, cl/Apollo 8, cl/Apollo 12, cl/Apollo 16, cl/ Masek (bl). 55 Dorling Kindersley: James River Equipment Harle, Volunteer/Docent, Department of Botany; Dr. Jeffrey Apollo 9, cl/Apollo 13, cl/Apollo 17). ESA: C. Carreau / ATG (clb, crb); Yorkshire Air Museum (cl); James Rivers (br). 56–57 Post, Geologist, National Gem and Mineral Collection; Dr. medialab (cr/Rosetta). NASA: JPL-Caltech (fbr); (fcl/Apollo 1, Dorling Kindersley: Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania (S12 Alexander Nagel, Research Associate, Department of clb, bl, bc, ca, cra, cr/Mariner 10, cr/Messenger, crb, br); ESA / Switcher); Ribble Steam Railway / Science Museum Group Anthropology; Dr. Michael Brett-Surman, Museum Specialist, Alex Lutkus (fcr). 17 ESA: ISRO / ISAC (br). NASA: JPL-Caltech (Deltic). 56 Dorling Kindersley: Didcot Railway Centre (c/ Department of Paleobiology; Dr. Benjamin J. Andrews, (ftr); NSSDC Photo Gallery (ftl/Luna 10); (tl/Apollo 15, tl/ King Edward II, br/GWR Hall Class); Virginia Museum of Research Geologist, Department of Mineral Sciences; Prospector); NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (tl/Orbiter); Transportation (tr/Whitcomb, bc/VGN Class SA No. 4); The and Dr. Don E. Wilson, Emeritus Curator, Department NASA AMES / Corby Waste (tr/Surveyor); NSSDC (tr/Mariner 9, National Railway Museum, York / Science Museum Group (clb/ of Vertebrate Zoology. fcra); NASA AMES (fcr/Pioneer 11); JPL (fcl, c/Magellan, fbr); Rocket, bl/Wren, bl/Ner Clas XL No 66); Ffestiniog & Welsh ESA (fcr/Cassini, c/Venus Express); (fclb, cb, fbl). courtesy Highland Railways (clb/Taliesin, cb/Merddin Emrys); National National Air and Space Museum: Dr. Alex Spencer, Curator, Virgin Galactic: (br/SpaceShipTwo). 18 ESO: (bc); Digitized Sky Railway Museum, York (crb/LB & SCR B1 Class, bl/Mallard); Division of Aeronautics; Dr. F. Robert van der Linden, Survey 2 (cla); Igor Chekalin (ca). Mike Lewinski: (fcla). NASA: Ribble Steam Railway / Science Museum Group (bc/Hunslet Chairman, Division of Aeronautics; and Dr. Andrew Johnston, CXC / SAO / F. Seward et al. (fcr/chandra); JPL-Caltech / R. Austerity); Harzer Schmalspurbahnen (br/DR Class 99.7376). Research Specialist, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies. Gehrz [University of Minnesota] (fcra); ESA / ASU / J. Hester 57 Dorling Kindersley: DB Schenker (cb/BR Class 92); Musee (fcr); Swift / E. Hoversten, PSU (fcr/Nebula ). NRAO : AUI (tr). de Chemin de Fer, Mulhouse (tl/Bugatti Railcar); Harzer Smithsonian Project Coordinator: Cheryl Stepanek The Library of Congress, Washington DC: (fcrb, bl). 19 Dr.Seth Schmalspurbahnen (tl/DR Class Kö, tc/GHE T1); Railroad Shostak: (cl). ESA: Scott Ferguson (tc). ESA / Hubble: ESA, N. Museum of Pennsylvania (tr/Type NWZ, cla/Conrail No.2233, Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following people Evans (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA), and H. Bond (STScI) (tc/ c/No. 800, c/PRR Class GG1); Didcot Railway Centre (tl/BR for their assistance with this book: polaris). ESO: Y. Beletsky (tr/venus); B. Tafreshi (twanight.org) Class 08); Ribble Steam Railway / Science Museum Group Bharti Bedi, Shaila Brown, Stella Caldwell, Steven Carton, (ftr). Mike Lewinski: (tr). NASA: (br); GSFC / James Spann (cla); (tc/BR Class 05, ca/D9500 Class 14, cra/Sentinel, cl/0-4-0); Carey Scott, Virien Chopra, Chris Hawkes, Clare Hibbert, JPL-Caltech / Space Dynamics Lab (cb); JPL-Caltech / UCLA / Virginia Museum of Transportation (tr/Norfolk and Western Kathryn Hill, Priyanka Kharbanda, Ann Kramer, Sam Priddy, MPS / DLR / IDA (bl); ESA SOHO team (bc). NOAA: (cla/aurora7, 41, ca/N&W EMD GP9 Class); Eisenbahnfreunde Esther Ripley, and Sheryl Sadana, for additional editing; Claire cla/moondog, ca). 20 Dorling Kindersley: NASA (ca). Traditionsbahnbetriebswerk Stassfurt (cra/DR V15, cla/DR V60, Gell for jacket editorial; Tannishtha Chakraborthy, Mandy Dreamstime.com: Igor Chekalin (crb, bc); Mihai-bogdan Lazar cl/DR E04, clb/DR Class 243, br/Shunter); Hitachi Rail Europe Earey, Fiona Macdonald, Isha Nagar, Pooja Pipil, Nidhi Rastogi, (cla); Valerio Pardi (cl); Neutronman (c); Vladimir Il’yin (cr, bl); (cb/Javelin); The Science Museum, London (bl/Puffing Billy). Damion Robinson, Tanvi Sahu, Mary Sandberg, Heena Sharma, Sdrart (cb); Procyab (fbr). ESA / Hubble: NASA, ESA, Digitized Dreamstime.com: Mamahoohooba (crb/Maglev). 58 Dorling Smiljka Surla, and Jacqui Swan for additional design; Sky Survey 2 (br); NASA (cb/M71). NASA: ESA, and STScI (cra). Kindersley: Charlie Garratt (clb); Nigel Cocks (cra); The Mohammad Usman for hi-res assistance; Pawan Kumar 22 Dreamstime.com: Mihai-bogdan Lazar (cl); Neutronman National Motorcycle Museum (cl, cl/Triumph Trophy TR6, for CTS assistance; Caroline Hunt for proofreading; Helen (cra); Pere Sanz (c). ESA / Hubble: NASA, ESA, and the c/Royal Enfield, clb/Ivy Three, fbl); Phil Crosby and Peter Peters for the index; Sakshi Saluja and Deepak Negi for picture Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin Mather (c); Micheal Penn (bl); Peter Hodson (bc). 58–59 Dorling research assistance; Peter Bull, KJA Artists, and Encompass (cla); ESO, ESA / Hubble and Digitized Sky Survey 2: Davide Kindersley: The National Motorcycle Museum (ca); Wayne Graphics for illustration; Stefan Podhorodecki and James Mann De Martin (ca); NOAO / AURA / NSF (bl); David Malin (Anglo- MacGowan (c). 59 Dorling Kindersley: Charlie Garratt (c); The for photography. The publisher would also like to thank Mark Australian Observatory). (bc); NASA, ESA, Z. Levay (STScI) and National Motorcycle Museum (tc, cr, cb, bc); Brian Chapman Ryan and the Marylebone Cricket Club, Lord’s Ground, for A. Fujii (br). 24–25 NASA: (c). 25 Dorling Kindersley: Stephen and Chris Illman (tc/Weslake, fcrb/Mighty Mouse); Motorcycle the use of their Real Tennis ball; and Jimmy Perrett and the Oliver (crb). Dreamstime.com: Carla F. Castagno / Korat_cn Heritage Museum, Westerville, Ohio (tr, clb); George Manning Wandsworth Demons for the use of their AFL balls. (cra). ESO: Iztok Bončina / ESO (cl). Fotolia: Dario Sabljak (cr). (cla, ca, crb); Neil Mort, Mott Motorcycles (ca/Ducati); Justin NASA: DOE / Fermi LAT Collaboration, CXC / SAO / JPL-Caltech Watson (cr/Honda); David Jones (cr/Moto guzzi); Ian Bull Picture credits / Steward / O. Krause et al and NRAO / AUI (fcra). The Library (br); National Motor Museum, Beaulieu (fcrb, bl). 60 Dorling The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind of Congress, Washington DC: (fbr). 26–27 Dorling Kindersley: Kindersley: Tony Agar (ca/Mosquito); Sarl Salis Aviation (tc/ permission to reproduce their photographs: The Science Museum, London (c). 27 Dorling Kindersley: The DVII); Royal Airforce Museum, London (Hendon) (tc/FW 190, tr/ Science Museum, London (tc). Dreamstime.com: Derektenhue ME262, tl/Pup, tc/Bulldog, ca/Spitfire, cla/S.E.5A, cla/Dolphin, (Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-centre; f-far; l-left; r-right; (cra); Vitalyedush (fcr); Zirconicusso (fcrb). The Library of cl/Vimy); Brooklands Museum (tl/Camel); Gatwick Aviation t-top) Congress, Washington DC: (fbr). 29 Dorling Kindersley: Board Museum (tc/P-38, c/B-25, c/Vulcan, clb/Wellington); Midlands of Trustees of the Royal Armouries (clb); Durham University Air Museum (tr/F-86); Commemorative Air Force, Mesa, 1 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London Oriental Museum (cb). The Library of Congress, Washington Arizona (cla/Nieuport 17, clb/B-17); Paul Ford (cla/Dr 1); RAF (cla); The Real Aeroplane Company (fcla); University of DC: (bl). 30 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, Museum, Cosford (ca/Mustang); Planes of Fame Air Museum, Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (c); London (tl/Lithium, cla/Peridot, cb/Cerium); The Science Chino, California (ca/A6M Zero, ca/Yak-9); Yorkshire Air Jari Peltomaki (ca/owl). Dreamstime.com: Eric Isselee (ca/ Museum, London (cl/Strontium). Dreamstime.com: Robyn Museum (cra/Hawker Hunter); Matthew Boddington (cl/B.E.2c Hermit crab); Karam Miri (ca). Fotolia: Jan Will (c/zebra). Mackenzie (cla/cheese). Fotolia: Bram J. Meijer (fcl). 31 Dorling ); RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (c/Lancaster); Keith 2 Dorling Kindersley: Brooklands Museum (cr); Egyptian Kindersley: Brett Critchley / BCritchley (c/lens); The Natural Warrington, Sutton Coldfield Model Makers Society (cl/JU87B); Museum, Cairo (fcla); Natural History Museum, London (ca); History Museum, London (ca/Diamond, cra/Fluorite); Stephen Pima Air and Space Museum, Tuscon, Arizona (cb/B-58A). Paul Rackham (ca/Caterpillar); The National Music Museum Oliver (ftr, cra/Scuba); The Science Museum, London (ca/ 60–61 Dorling Kindersley: Royal International Air Tattoo 2011 (cl); The Natural History Museum, London (c); Christian Dior (c/ Microprocessor, fcr/Light bulb, cr/bromine, cb/Battery). (B-52). 61 Dorling Kindersley: Royal Airforce Museum, London bag); DB Schenker (c/DB Schenker Diesel); Durham University Dreamstime.com: Nikkytok (clb/greenlight). Fotolia: Pablo (Hendon) (cla/F-35 Lightning); Pima Air and Space Museum, Oriental Museum (fcra, cl/war fan, c/Glass bowl); Forrest H. Caridad (clb/Poison). 33 Alamy Images: Paul Fleet (cl). Tuscon, Arizona (tl/Tomcat); John Wilkes, Model Exhibition, L. Mitchell / James Laswel (c/Libellula saturata). Fotolia: Dorling Kindersley: David Patterson and Bob Andersen (crb). Telford (tl/Harrier); Dave Gait (tc/Douglas DC3); Nationaal Shchipkova Elena (ca/jaguar). 3 Dorling Kindersley: Dave Dreamstime.com: 3quarks (cr). Fotolia: Jose Gil (c); Eric Luchtvaart Themapark Aviodome (tc/F27 Friendship); King (cla); Motorcycle Heritage Museum, Westerville, Ohio Isselee (br). 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(c/Gipsy Moth); Hamblin Jet, Luton Airport (cr/Learjet 45); Natural History Museum, London (bc). 5 Dorling Kindersley: Dorling Kindersley: Ruth Jenkinson (bc); The Science Museum, The Shuttleworth Collection (c/JetRanger); RAF Boulmer, Royal Green Jackets Museum, Winchester (bc); The London (tl, cla). Dreamstime.com: Scanrail (crb); Stephen Northumberland (cr/Sea King); Fleet Air Arm Museum (cb/ Shuttleworth Collection (ftl); Linda Pitkin (fbr); Courtesy of Vanhorn / Svanhorn4245 (clb). Fotolia: Alexandr Mitiuc (tr). Westland Wessex, crb/Westland Lynx). Dreamstime.com: Durham University Oriental Museum (tc/Fan). Dreamstime. 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NASA: U.S Air Force (clb); (br). Photodisc (br). NASA: (ftr). 8 Dorling Kindersley: National Museum, London (c). 45 Dorling Kindersley: Maidstone The Library of Congress, Washington DC: (cr). 63 Dorling Cycle Collection (fcla); The Science Museum, London (ca); Museum and Bentliff Art Gallery (tl); The Science Museum, Kindersley: Nationaal Luchtvaart Themapark Aviodome (tr); National Railway Museum, York (cb). 9 Dorling Kindersley: RAF London (c, cr, tr, cra); The Museum of English Rural Life, The Roy Palmer (clb). Dreamstime.com: Darkmonk (br). The Boulmer, Northumberland (cla); The Science Museum, London; University of Reading (tc). 50 Dorling Kindersley: John Mould Library of Congress, Washington DC: (cb). U.S. Air Force: (cr, Dave King (cb). NASA: JPL-Caltech (ftl). 10 ESO: (c). NASA: (cla); Mark Surman (clb). 51 Dorling Kindersley: R. Florio crb, bl). 64 Dorling Kindersley: Trek UK Ltd (ca). 65 Dorling CXC / SAO / J. Wang et al), Optical (DSS & NOAO / AURA / NSF / (cr). 52 Dorling Kindersley: James Coward (br); Doubleday Kindersley: National Cycle Collection (tl, tc, tr, cra, cla); (tr/ KPNO 0.9-m / T. Rector et al) (cb/rosette); Sally Hunsberger Swineshead Depot (fcla, fcl, cl, ca, c/PTO Shaft); Keystone Swift safety bicycle). 66 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London (ca, cb). 67 Dorling Kindersley: Natural History Museum, London (cra); Mike Read (cla). Dreamstime.com: Jeff Grabert / Jgrabert (cra/margay). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (ca). 68 Dorling Kindersley: Natural History Museum, London (fcl); Neil Fletcher (ftr); Booth 358

Museum of Natural History, Brighton (bl). Dreamstime.com: 114–115 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, Gazprom (cla); Vladimir Seliverstov / Vladsilver (fcr); Isselee Cammeraydave (cla/Snail); Musat Christian (fcla). Fotolia: London (All Images). 116 Dorling Kindersley: Greg and Yvonne (bl). Fotolia: Stefan Zeitz / Lux (cb). Getty Images: Joel Sartore HandmadePictures (tr); Karl Bolf (cla). 69 Dorling Kindersley: Dean (cb); E. J. Peiker (fcra); The National Birds of Prey Centre, (tc); Purestock (crb/Harp Seal). 152 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Mark Hamblin (bl). 70 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Gloucestershire (crb); Jari Peltomaki (cla, clb); Markus Pitkin (tr, ca/cuttlefish, tr/seahorse, c). 152–153 Dorling Museum, London (cla/Dicroidium, c/Hexagonocaulon, crb); Varesvuo (ca); Brian E. Small (cra, cl/runner, br); Barry Hughes Kindersley: Rick Hibpshman (b). 153 Dorling Kindersley: The Swedish Museum of Natural History (cra, cra/Tubicaulis). (cl); Roger Tidman (bc, fbr). Getty Images: Frank Krahmer / Weymouth Sea Life Centre (fcla); Linda Pitkin (tc, tc/Seamoth, Fotolia: Beboy (tc). 71 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Photographer’s Choice RF (fbl). 117 Dorling Kindersley: Mike tl, tc/Sea strawberry, ca, cla); Linda Pitkin / lindapitkin.net (tc/ Museum, London (cla, ca/Cooksonia, cr, clb); Swedish Museum Danzenbake (cl/swift); The Natural History Museum, London arrow crab); Terry Goss (cla/Tiger Shark); Natural History of Natural History (fcra, fcr); Oxford Museum of Natural History (cra); E.J. Peiker (c, cr); Andy and Gill Swash (fcl); Mike Museum, London (ca/Horseshoe Crab). Dreamstime.com: (cl). 72 Dorling Kindersley: Instituto Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Danzenbaker (cl/LUCIFER); Mike Read (c/tody); Tomi Jamiegodson (c); Teguh Tirtaputra / Teguhtirta (cb); Dejan Argentina (bl); The Natural History Museum, London (cla/ Muukkonen (clb); Markus Varesvuo (crb, fbl); Garth McElroy Sarman / Dejan750 (crb). 154 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Pitkin / Lepidodendron, fclb); Natural History Museum, London (crb/duck); Melvin Grey (bl, clb/gallinule); Chris Gomersall lindapitkin.net (br). Dreamstime.com: Carol Buchanan (cra). (fcla, ca, fcl, c/Cretaceous Cone, clb, bc, cra/Bryozoan, fcra, Photography (crb/puffin); Brian E. Small (br, br/warbler, 154–155 Dorling Kindersley: Dr. Peter M Forster (c). 155 Alamy cra/Lithostrotion coral, crb/Lace Coral); Oxford Museum of fbr); Mike Lane (br/skylark). 118 Dorling Kindersley: Chris Images: Martin Strmiska (br). Dorling Kindersley: The Goldfish Natural History (cb). 72–73 Dorling Kindersley: Senckenberg Gomershall (fcr); The National Birds of Prey Centre, Bowl (cr/Jewelfish). Dreamstime.com: Eric Isselee (clb/Hermit Gesellshaft Fuer Naturforschugn Museum (b). 73 Dorling Gloucestershire (c, fcr/Harris hawk, cb/egyptian); Hanne and crab); Krzysztof Odziomek / Crisod (tc); Tazdevilgreg (c/Coral Kindersley: The American Museum of Natural History (cla); Jens Erikson (cra); Melvin Grey (br). Dreamstime.com: Isselee Trout). 156 Dorling Kindersley: Natural History Museum, The Natural History Museum, London (fcl); Natural History (c/Bald Eagle). 119 Dorling Kindersley: Greg and Yvonne Dean London (cra, cb). 157 Dorling Kindersley: Planetary Visions Ltd Museum, London (cl, c/vertebrae, c/Pliosaur Skull, ca/ (fcrb, fbr); E. J. Peiker (c); E.J. Peiker (clb); The National Birds (crb). Dreamstime.com: Dan Breckwoldt / Danbreckwoldt (cla). Mammal-like Skull, c/Mammuthus, cb, cra/Tooth, crb/Frog, of Prey Centre, Gloucestershire (fclb, bl); Andy and Gill Swash Fotolia: Mark Higgins (cra/kangaroo). Getty Images: Dene’ crb/Baryonyx theropod dinosaur, fcr); State Museum of Nature, (bc); Jari Peltomaki (tr); Bob Steele (cla, cr, bc/whet); Barry Miles (ca). 158 Dreamstime.com: Staphy (bc). 159 Dreamstime. Stuttgart (cra/Plateosaurus); Oxford Museum of Natural Hughes (cl); Brian E. Small (cb, br); Mark Hamblin (cb/short); com: Yury Tarasov / Sportfoto (bc). Fotolia: Galyna Andrushko History (bc, tr); Sedgwick Museum of Geology, Cambridge Markus Varesvuo (crb). 120 123RF.com: mycteria (crb). Dorling (bc/peak). 160 Dreamstime.com: Jason Yoder / Jasony00 (br). (fcra). 75 Dorling Kindersley: Jon Hughes (cla/Titanosaurus, Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London (cla); 161 Dorling Kindersley: Museo Archeologico Nazionale bc). 78 Dorling Kindersley: Jon Hughes and Russell Gooday Evgeniya Moroz (cl/peacock). Dreamstime.com: Iakov di Napoli (br); NASA (bc/Volcano erupting on Io). 165 (cra, cr, bc/Placodus, br/Lariosaurus); Jon Hughes (cla, cla/ Filimonov (bl); Irisangel (br). 121 Dorling Kindersley: Barnabas Dreamstime.com: Vera Golovina (br). 166 Dorling Kindersley: Peteinosaurus, c, clb, bc, bc/Mixosaurus, fcrb/Liopleurodon, Kindersley (bc). Dreamstime.com: David Medina claesson The Natural History Museum, London (cl/magnetite, fclb/ br/Ichthyosaurus, br/Temnodontosaurus, fbr/Geosaurus); (br); Vtorous (fcr); Smileus (bl); Kruglik (bl/bluebird); Picstudio Hornblende, bc/Corundum, fbr); The Science Museum, London Peter Minister and Andrew Kerr (fcla, cl); (crb, fcrb, bc/ (br/kingfisher). 122 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History (cla/Pumice). 167 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Shonisaurus). 79 Alamy Images: Elvele Images Ltd (tr). Museum, London (cla). 123 Dreamstime.com: Torsten Museum, London (cb/Proustite); The Oxford University Dorling Kindersley: Jon Hughes and Russell Gooday (cla, cla/ Kuenzlen / Kuenzlen (crb). Fotolia: Chrispo (cr). 124 Dorling Museum of Natural History (cl/diamond). 168–169 Dorling Sphenosuchus, ca, fcr, clb); Natural History Museum, London Kindersley: Greg and Yvonne Dean (cb/Sun); Exmoor Zoo, Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London (All images). (tc); Jon Hughes / Bedrock Studios (cr, bl/Kronosaurus); Jon Devon (fcra). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (crb). 124–124 Dorling 169 Dreamstime.com: Leon Rafael / Lrafael. 172–173 Dorling Hughes (crb, fclb, bl, cb, crb/Ischyodus). 82 Getty Images: Kindersley: The Marwell Zoological Park, Winchester (t). 125 Kindersley: Planetary Visions Ltd (c). 173 Dreamstime.com: Martin Harvey / Photodisc (c). 83 Dreamstime.com: Chonlawut Dorling Kindersley: The Booth Museum of Natural History, Jeremy Richards (cra). NASA: (bc, br); (fbr). 174 Corbis: Warren Brahmasakha (bl); Xianghong Wu (fbl); Whiskybottle (bc). Getty Brighton (fcr/Hopi ); Rebecca Dean (fcl/african); E.J. Peiker Faidley (fcra). Dreamstime.com: Amnemcova (cr/Snow storm); Images: (cr). 84 Dorling Kindersley: Chris Gibson (cb). 90 (c/harrisii); Drusillas Zoo, Alfriston, West Sussex (fbr). Sergey Galushko / Galdzer (cla); Gina1111 (ca); Victor Dorling Kindersley: Linda Pitkin (fcrb/Aesop). 91 Dorling Dreamstime.com: Per Björkdahl (cra/lemming); Eduard Zastol`skiy / Vicnt (cra/Tornado); Dexigner (cl/Heatwave); Ollirg Kindersley: Linda Pitkin (fcl/Porcelain, cl/Hermit crab, clb/ Kyslynskyy (cra); Dule964 (cra/Dormouse); Martha Marks (fcrb/ (cl/Drought); Anizza (c); Antares614 (cr/Hailstorm). NOAA: slipper, clb/marble, cb/squat, bl, bc); Linda Pitkin / lindapitkin. prairie). 126 Dorling Kindersley: Greg and Yvonne Dean (cra/ Carrie Smith / NOAA Central Library (fcr). U.S. Geological net (cl/Panamic); Jerry Young (crb/Pill). Dreamstime.com: Olga Pig-tailed); Jerry Young (tr/Capuchin, ca/Cotton-top, fcra/ Survey: (ca/flood); Seth Munson (fcl). 176 Alamy Images: Demchishina / Olgysha (fclb/Mantis ). 92 Alamy Images: Brand Marmoset). Dreamstime.com: Daniel Bellhouse (cl); Eric Travelib Africa (clb). 177 Alamy Images: Hugh Threlfall (cra). X Pictures / Brian Hagiwara (cl/June). Dorling Kindersley: The Isselee (cra/Pygmy). 127 Dorling Kindersley: Andy and Gill Dorling Kindersley: Dr. Peter Janzen (ca/frog). Fotolia: Natural History Museum, London (cl/Weevil, cr/Longhorn, cb, Swash (ca/Toque); Jerry Young (ftl). Dreamstime.com: Lin Joe Scanrail (cra/globe). 182 Dorling Kindersley: Barnabas fcr, clb/Weevil, fcrb); Jerry Young (c/jewelled). Dreamstime. Yin / Joeyin (fcl/Gibbon). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (cl/Pileated Kindersley (cla). 183 Dreamstime.com: Byjeng (cra). 185 com: Isselee (fclb); The Natural History Museum, London (bl/ Gibbon). 128 Dorling Kindersley: Prof. Marcio Motta (cr); Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (ftr). 186 Corbis: DLILLC (bc). bush). 93 Dorling Kindersley: Forrest L. Mitchell / James Wildlife Heritage Foundation, Kent, UK (br). Dreamstime.com: Dreamstime.com: Misha Shiyanov / Kertis (cl). 187 Dorling Laswel (cla/Clubtail, ca/Comet, ca/Flame, cra, cl/Gray, c/ Rafael Angel Irusta Machin / Broker (ca); Isselee (b). 129 Kindersley: Philip Dowell (tr/Jaguar). Dreamstime.com: Baskettail, cb/River); The Natural History Museum, London (ftr, Dorling Kindersley: Berlin Zoo (cr); Wildlife Heritage Chrishowey (bc). 190 Dreamstime.com: Jeremy Richards (clb). cla/Damselfly, crb/Giant Hawker, fcra, fcr, fcr/Tiger, fcrb); Neil Foundation, Kent, UK (c, cl, bl, bc); Blackpool Zoo, Lancashire, 191 Fotolia: Eric Isselee (clb). PunchStock: Digital Vision (cr). Fletcher (crb/damsel); Oxford University Museum of Natural UK (crb). Dreamstime.com: Jeff Grabert / Jgrabert (cra); 193 Dreamstime.com: Dmitry Pichugin / Dmitryp (br); Callan History (fclb). Dreamstime.com: Ryszard Laskowski / Ryszard Outdoorsman (cr/Canadian lynx). Fotolia: Shchipkova Elena Chesser / Ewanchesser (tc); Bin Zhou / Dropu (bc). Fotolia: (tl/Army ants). 94–95 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History (br). 131 Dorling Kindersley: The Tank Museum (cl). 132 Mark Higgins (cra); Eric Isselee (tr). 194 Dorling Kindersley: Museum, London (All Images). 96 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London The Royal Geographical Society, London (cla); The National Pitkin (tc/varicose, ca/annae, ca/Headshield, tr/Spanish, ftr/ (cla, cl, cra/tortoise, c, cb, cb/Crow); Booth Museum of Natural Maritime Museum, London (clb). Dreamstime.com: Staphy (bl, elegans). Dreamstime.com: Jannekespr (cr/lipped). NOAA: History, Brighton (cra, fbr). 133 Dorling Kindersley: The bc). 195 Dorling Kindersley: Alan Burger (cra/seal); Arctic Estuarine Research Reserve Collection (cra). 96–97 Dorling Natural History Museum, London (tr, fcrb, crb). Fotolia: Trucks / Gisli Jonsson (tc). Dreamstime.com: Xavier Marchant / Kindersley: Linda Pitkin (t). 97 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Pitkin giuliano2022 (tc/Rhinocer). 134 Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Xaviermarchant (cr); Jan Martin Will / Freezingpictures (tr/ (tc/hare, ca/Variable Neon, crb/Bigfin); Richard Ling (cra/ Young (tr). 136 Dreamstime.com: Ekaterina Cherkashina / Adelie penguin). Getty Images: Dene’ Miles (cra); David Tipling / Cuttlefish). Dreamstime.com: Selahattin Ünsal Karhan (c/ Katerinache (cra/Munchkin). 137 Dreamstime.com: Eric Digital Vision (tr). 198 Alamy Images: Hugh Threlfall (cb). Trumpet). 98 Dorling Kindersley: Marc Bosch Mateu (fcl/ Isselée / Isselee (clb/persian). 138 Dorling Kindersley: Haras Dreamstime.com: Elena Elisseeva (cl/soya); Igor Marx (cl); Meagre); Linda Pitkin (tc/bluestripe, fcla/seahorse, fcla/mullet, National de Saint Lo, France (cl/Norman Cob). Dreamstime. Mafoto (cb/Triticale); Mateno (clb). 199 Dorling Kindersley: cl/Parrotfish, fcra/box, cra/lizardfish, clb); The Weymouth Sea com: Isselee (br). 139 Fotolia: Jan Will (bl/Zebra). 140 Dorling Odds Farm Park, High Wycombe, Bucks (clb/pig). 200 Dorling Life Centre (fclb/stonefish). Dreamstime.com: Andylid (tl/ Kindersley: Barleylands Farm Museum and Animal Centre, Kindersley: Blandford Fashion Museum (ca/Straw hat); Musee Turbot); Lunamarina (ca/Bluefish); Eric Isselée / Isselee (cr); Billericay (tr, ca, fcra); South of England Rare Breeds Centre, du Louvre, Paris (ca/Mona Lisa). Dreamstime.com: Anky10 Asther Lau Choon Siew / Pufferfishy (fclb/Gurnard). Fotolia: Ashford, Kent (cla, br); Cotswold Farm Park, Gloucestershire (clb); Vtupinamba (ca); Goncharuk Maksym (cr). 201 Dorling uwimages (cb/anemone). 98–99 Dorling Kindersley: Terry (crb). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (clb). 140–141 Dorling Kindersley: Kindersley: Barnabas Kindersley (ca); University of Goss (cb). 99 Dorling Kindersley: Frank Greenaway (ftr); Linda Barleylands Farm Museum and Animal Centre, Billericay Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (cla); Pitkin (cl); Jerry Young (tl, ca/Catfish). Dreamstime.com: (c). 141 Dorling Kindersley: Barleylands Farm Museum and The Shoe Museum (cla/Lower heel); The Royal Academy of Stefan Hermans / Perrush (tr/goldfish); Peter Leahy / Animal Centre, Billericay (cla); South of England Rare Breeds Music (cb); Durham University Oriental Museum (fclb). 202 Pipehorse (ftl/trumpet); Stephan Pietzko / Pilens (fcrb/Burbot); Centre, Ashford, Kent (tl, cla/pig); Odds Farm Park, High Dorling Kindersley: Barnabas Kindersley (crb); Stephen Tonny Wu (cb). 100 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Pitkin (crb); Brian Wycombe, Bucks (cr). 142 Alamy Images: Big Pants Oliver (bc). Dreamstime.com: Murali Nath / Muralinath Pitkin (cla). 101 Dorling Kindersley: Dr. Peter M Forster (crb). Productions (fcr). Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (fcra). (fcr); Silentiger (fcl). 203 Dorling Kindersley: Central London Dreamstime.com: Greg Amptman (fbr); Dongfan Wang / Tabgac Dreamstime.com: Inga Nielsen (ca); Svehlik21 (cra). 143 Alamy Ghurdwara (cb); The Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe (cr); Yobro10 (crb/Southern stingray). 104 Dorling Kindersley: Images: Photofrenetic (fclb). Dorling Kindersley: Cotswold (cr); Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (bc); Barnabas Dr. Peter Janzen (cla, cla/leaf frog, cla/Splendid leaf frog); Wildlife Park (fcl); Andy and Gill Swash (c/Coyote); Jerry Young Kindersley (bl). 204 Dorling Kindersley: Barnabas Kindersley Peter Janzen (ca, cra); Twan Leenders (c, clb, clb/Red). 105 (c, cl/Mandarin Duck); E. J. Peiker (cb); Natural History (bl). Dreamstime.com: Gino Santa Maria (tr); Patrick Poendl Dorling Kindersley: Twan Leenders (ftr, fcra, ca, cr); Jan Van Museum, London (crb). Dreamstime.com: Anton Kozyrev (br); (cb). Fotolia: Anatolii (cl). 205 Dreamstime.com: Jamen Percy Der Voort (fcl); Ignacio De la Riva (cl). Dreamstime.com: Urospoteko (fcla); Jnjhuz (clb); Ijacky (bl). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (tc); Sergey Tsvirov (c); Laura Stone (cr). 208 Dorling Kamnuan Suthongsa (fcrb). 106 Dorling Kindersley: James H. (ca). 144 Dorling Kindersley: Natural History Museum, London Kindersley: Andy Crawford (bl, bl/Star-shaped pendant); Harding (tr/Blanding); Twan Leenders (cla); Jerry Young (fcla, (tr); Jerry Young (ca/Red Eyed Tree Frog). Dreamstime.com: University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, c/Red-legged, crb/hinge); Jan Van Der Voort (cr/Spur-thighed); Eric Isselee (cra); Isselee (ca); Kira Kaplinski / Kkaplin (clb). Cambridge (tc, tr); National Museum of Wales (tc/Stone-Age The Natural History Museum, London (br). Dreamstime.com: 145 Alamy Images: Life on White (clb). Dorling Kindersley: painting); Musee National du Moyen-Age Thermes de Cluny (cl); Amwu (cb/Elongated); Torsten Kuenzlen / Kuenzlen (tc/ Natural History Museum, London (ca, ca/Tawny Rajah, cl); Museum of the Order of St John, London (ca); The American Loggerhead); Am Wu / Amwu (cra). 107 Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (ftl, cla/Black spider monkey, cl/Nymph, cb); Twan Museum of Natural History (fcr); Musee du Louvre, Paris (clb); Twan Leenders (cra/Terrapin); Jerry Young (ftl, bc/Kinixys). Leenders (cr). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (cla). 146 Dreamstime.com: The National Music Museum (bc); University of Pennsylvania Dreamstime.com: Amwu (fcra). Getty Images: Photographer’s Anankkml (tr); Ryszard Laskowski (c). Fotolia: Andreas Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (tr/Ornament, fcra). Choice RF / Peter Pinnock (bc). 108 Dorling Kindersley: Twan Altenburger / arrxxx (cra). 146–147 Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Dreamstime.com: Hasan Can Balcioglu (fcl); Steve Estvanik Leenders (cb). Dreamstime.com: Amwu (clb). 108–109 Dorling Young (bc). 147 Dorling Kindersley: Cotswold Wildlife Park (c). 209 Dorling Kindersley: The University of Aberdeen (cla); Kindersley: Andy and Gill Swash (cb). 109 Dorling Kindersley: (cra). Fotolia: Shchipkova Elena (clb). 148 Dorling Kindersley: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Twan Leenders (crb, crb/Percival’s Legless Skink, fcrb). Jerry Young (ca, cr). Dreamstime.com: Smellme (ftr); Stefan Anthropology (ftl, tc, tc/Ancient Egypt Shabti); Ure Museum Dreamstime.com: Iulian Gherghel (bc). Fotolia: Eric Isselee Gottschild (br). Fotolia: Steve Lovegrove (fcrb). 149 Dorling of Greek Archaeology, University of Reading (tr); Durham (fcra). 111 Dorling Kindersley: Twan Leenders (cra/Rough); Jan Kindersley: E. J. Peiker (cla). 150 Corbis: (cra). Getty Images: University Oriental Museum (ca, ca/Mummy mask, cl, c, c/ Van Der Voort (cl/Orsini’s). Dreamstime.com: Wahyudinfirman Sandy Carey,Photodisc / Alan (br). 150–151 Dreamstime.com: Buddha); Wallace Collection, London (c/Ornate Elephant); Villa (tc, tr, ftr). 112 Dreamstime.com: Mikhail Blajenov (c). 113 Steven Oehlenschlager (bc). 151 Dorling Kindersley: Drusillas Giulia and Beniculturali (cr). Dreamstime.com: Rolffimages Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (fcr/dwarf). Dreamstime.com: Zoo, Alfriston, West Sussex (bc); Jerry Young (tl). Dreamstime. (bc/Expression). 210 Dorling Kindersley: The Bate Collection Lukas Blazek (t); Nico Smit / Ecophoto (fcrb); Edurivero (cl). com: Achim Baqué (cr/leopard seal); Helen Panphilova / (cl/Clarinet, cr/Bugle); The Powell-Cotton Museum, Kent (bc). 359

211 Dorling Kindersley: The Bate Collection (c/Viol); The Royal Museum, London (cra/ointment slab); University of Military History Institute (fclb, br/revolver); Civil War Library Academy of Music (fcl, c). Dreamstime.com: Karam Miri (cb). Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Museum, Philadelphia (c/Union Infantryman); Gettysburg Getty Images: Stockbyte (crb/Ukulele). 214 Dorling Kindersley: (cra/bead collar, cr/cat); Newcastle Great Northern Museum, National Military Park, PA (c/confederate); Southern Skirmish Andy Crawford (cl, c). Dreamstime.com: Afxhome (cla); Hongqi Hancock (cr/arrowheads, b); Durham University Oriental Association (c/canteen, cb, crb/Knife and fork, fcrb, br); C. Paul Zhang (aka Michael Zhang) (cra). 215 Dorling Kindersley: Museum (cr/girl, crb, clb/amulet); Ure Museum of Greek Loane Collection (crb). 321 Dorling Kindersley: Gettysburg Blandford Fashion Museum (cra/tango shoes). Dreamstime. Archaeology, University of Reading (c); Ashmolean Museum, National Military Park, PA (crb, bc, bc/Spencer Carbine); com: Anky10 (fcr); Goran Bogicevic (cra); Stable400 (fcra); Oxford (clb/earring, cb/rings). 290 Dorling Kindersley: Southern Skirmish Association (fcl, cl, fcl/Rope, cl/Cap). 322 Derek Tenhue / Derektenhue (fcra/Ballroom); Samotrebizan 4hoplites (bl/Stove); Geoff Garvey / Rough Guides (tl); The Alamy Images: D. Hurst (cl). Dorling Kindersley: National (cra/samba, fcra/cha cha); Viorel Sima (cr). 216 Dorling University of Aberdeen (cl/Athenian Coin, c/Alexandrian Coin); Maritime Museum, London (fcla). Dreamstime.com: Hecke01 Kindersley: Etablissement public du musee et du domaine National Archaeological Museum, Athens (cl/Knossos Coin); (clb). 326 Dorling Kindersley: The National Railway Museum, national de Versailles. Reunion des Musees Nationaux / Art Newcastle Great Northern Museum, Hancock (clb/Plate, York / Science Museum Group (bl); The Science Museum, Resource, NY. (fcl); Etablissement public du musee et du cb/Earring); Wellcome Institute / Science Museum, London London (br). Dreamstime.com: Timothy Large (cr). 327 Dorling domaine national de Versailles (cla); The Royal Ballet School (clb/Pot); Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, University of Kindersley: Norfolk Rural Life Museum and Union Farm (bl); (ca). Dreamstime.com: Jackq (fcra). 218 Dorling Kindersley: Reading (clb/Jug, bc); University of Pennsylvania Museum of The Science Museum, London (fcra, cra, fcrb, cb, br, fbr); Lydia Evans / Rough Guides (crb); Pompidou Centre (br). Archaeology and Anthropology (fbl/Powder Box). 291 Dorling Whipple Museum of History of Science, Cambridge (cr); Dreamstime.com: Chrisharvey (cr); Sergii Figurnyi / Bloodua Kindersley: 4hoplites (c, cr, crb, cb, bc, br); Hellenic Maritime Maidstone Museum and Bentliff Art Gallery (crb); Museum of (tc); Konstantin32 (cl). 219 Dorling Kindersley: Demetrio Museum (ftl); Canterbury City Council, Museums and Galleries English Rural Life, The University of Reading (clb/Seed Drill). Carrasco / Rough Guides (fcr); Photos By Chris Christoforou / (tl); Mark Thomas / Rough Guides (bl). 294 Dorling Kindersley: Dreamstime.com: Graham White (tr). 328 Dorling Kindersley: Rough Guides (tl); Tim Draper / Rough Guides (ftr, bl). Angels Fancy Dress (r); Ermine Street Guard (fcl, fclb, cl/ Royal Green Jackets Museum, Winchester (cla); Jean-Pierre Dreamstime.com: Yykkaa (bc). 220 Dorling Kindersley: Scabbard, cl/Gladius, c). 295 Dorling Kindersley: The Verney (cl, fcrb); Imperial War Museum, London (clb); John Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Aberdeen (fcra/Coin); Newcastle Great Northern Pearce (crb). 329 Dorling Kindersley: Board of Trustees of the (ca). 221 Fotolia: Derya Celik (ca). 225 Dreamstime.com: Museum, Hancock (tc/Colander); Stephen Oliver (tc/Flask); Royal Armouries (cl); Fleet Air Arm Museum (tc, ca); Imperial Vtupinamba (cla). iStockphoto.com: Vasko Miokovic (cra). University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and War Museum, London (ca/British Mark V Tank, c, clb); 226 Getty Images: Creativ Studio Heinemann (fcl/Black Anthropology (tr/Ring); Canterbury City Council, Museums Jean-Pierre Verney (cla, cla/helmet and goggles, tr, ftr, fcra, currants). 226–227 Dreamstime.com: Goncharuk Maksym and Galleries (tr/Bottle). 296 Dorling Kindersley: Danish cr/Italy, fcr, fcl, ca/French ‘Hairbrush’ grenade, ca/hand (c). 227 Getty Images: Foodcollection (c/Damson). 229 Getty National Museum (cb); Vikings of Middle England (ca). 297 grenades, ca/Rod club nail, clb/Carcano, bl, fcrb, c/Beretta Images: felipedupouy.com / Photodisc (bl). 230 Dorling Dorling Kindersley: Andy Crawford (br); The Universitets automatic pistol); Jean-Pierre Verney Collection (cra); Kindersley: Westcombe Dairy (ftl, tl, tc). 231 Dreamstime.com: Oldsaksamling, Oslo (tr); Vikings of Middle England (clb, ca, cb, Birmingham Pals (clb/Lee Enfield rifle); Imperial War Museum Malgorzata Kistryn (tl). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (bl). 232 Dorling cb/dagger, cr, bl, bl/arrows, bc, fbr). 298 Dorling Kindersley: (c/German gas shell); The Tank Museum (cb, cr, br, cb/Luger Kindersley: Barnabas Kindersley (cb/Mantou). 234 Sarah Cummins / Rough Guides (cb); Roger D’Olivere Mapp / pistol); The Combined Military Services Museum (CMSM) Dreamstime.com: Bert Folsom (crb). 236 Dreamstime.com: Rough Guides (clb); Tim Draper / Rough Guides (crb). 299 (c/Glisenti Pistol). 330 Dorling Kindersley: Royal Airforce Deepcameo (c). 237 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Dorling Kindersley: The University of Aberdeen (tl, clb/Jade Museum, London (Hendon) (cr, cr/Messerschmitt Bf 110, c/ Museum, London (clb/sea urchin). 240 Dorling Kindersley: Mask, clb/Frog, clb/Jadette Figure); Tim Draper / Rough Guides Supermarine Spitfire Mk24); The Wardrobe Museum, Salisbury Blandford Fashion Museum (cl, bl, cb, bc); Ermine Street (fcla, cla); Suzanne Porter / Rough Guides (ca); University of (tl); Eden Camp Museum, Yorkshire (tr); Keith Warrington, Guard (ca); The Shoe Museum (c, c/brogues); Contemporary Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (ftl, Sutton Coldfield Model Makers Society (c); Musee de l’Air et de Wardrobe (c/Tweed Cap); Tim Parker (cb/jacket). 241 Dorling fclb/Jaguar Mask, fbl/Pitcher, bl/Stirrup Pot, bl/Vase, cb, bc, l’Espace / Le Bourget (fcr); Gatwick Aviation Museum (cr/Bell Kindersley: Banbury Museum (tr/waistcoat, fcr); Blandford crb, br, fbr, fcrb). 301 Dorling Kindersley: Board of Trustees P-39-D Airacobra, cb/German Heinkel HE 111, crb/Handley Fashion Museum (tc, fcl, fcl/swim cap); Central Saint Martins of the Royal Armouries (cb/boot); University of Pennsylvania Page Halifax II); The Combined Military Services Museum (c, c/Jacket, c/Cloak, cr). Dreamstime.com: Verkoka (br). Getty Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (clb/Tile, bl); The (CMSM) (cb, fcrb, cb/Vickers Mark IV machine gun); Fort Images: Photodisc (bc). 242 Dorling Kindersley: Angels Fancy Board of Trustees of the Royal Armouries (ftr, tc/chichak, tc, Nelson (crb). 331 Dorling Kindersley: RAF Museum, Cosford Dress (tr/day dress, fcrb, fbr); The British Library (tr/handbag); cra, c, c/dagger, c/sword, cr); Durham University Oriental (tc); The Wardrobe Museum, Salisbury (tl, cla); Bradbury Banbury Museum (c/pamphlet); Blandford Fashion Museum Museum (clb, c/Breastplate, fbr). Dreamstime.com: Ahmet Science Museum, Los Alamos (tr); Gatwick Aviation Museum (fcla, fcl, cl/shoes, cr/evening dress, cr/floral dress, cr/gloves, Ihsan Ariturk (cl). 302 Dorling Kindersley: The Board of (ftl); Royal Armouries (cr); The Tank Museum (c, c/M2 Half cr/hat, bc/handbag, bc/shoes). 243 Dorling Kindersley: Angels Trustees of the Royal Armouries (fclb/helmet, clb/Helmet, cb/ Track, cl, cr/Churchill tank, clb, clb/Panzerkampfwagen II, clb/ Fancy Dress (bc/dress); The Shoe Museum (tl/red footwear, Scabbard, cb/Indian, crb/Talwar, fcrb, fcrb/Tongi, fclb, clb, bl, Panzerkampfwagen III, cb/Ps Kpfw VI Ausf B Tiger II); Fleet Air tl/high-heeled shoe, tl/silk boot, cla/slipper, fcl/shoe, cr/high bl/tabar); The English CIvil War Society (cb); Canterbury City Arm Museum (cb, cb/HMS Agincourt, bc, br, bc/USS); Scale heel); Blandford Fashion Museum (ftl/dress front, ftl/dress Council, Museums and Galleries (cb/handgrip, cb/Gauntlet Model World (crb, bl). 332 Dorling Kindersley: Fleet Air Arm back, tr/dress, tr/fan, tr/corset, fcl/blue dress, fcl/hat, cl/white Sword, crb/Firangi); Durham University Oriental Museum (br). Museum (cra). 333 Dorling Kindersley: Board of Trustees of dress, cl/shoes, cr/corset, cr/handbag, fbl/hat); Museum of 303 Dorling Kindersley: The City Palace Museum, Jaipur (br); the Royal Armouries (cb/M16); Ukraine State Aviation Museum London (fcl/red dress); Worthing Museum and Art Gallery Durham University Oriental Museum (cb, bc/Khanjar, bc/ (ca); Flugausstellung (c); Tim Parker (cb); Ministry of Defense (fbl/shoes); Christian Dior (br/bag). Dreamstime.com: Georgii pendant, bc/Jade). 304 Dorling Kindersley: Maidstone Museum Pattern Room, Nottingham (cb/jacket); Vietnam Rolling Dolgykh / Gdolgikh (fbr/lady); Toxawww (clb). 246 Dorling and Bentliff Art Gallery (r); Durham University Oriental Thunder (clb, cb/tunic, cb/trousers, bc). NASA: (tc). 334 Alamy Kindersley: Stephen Oliver (br). Dreamstime.com: John Museum (cl, clb, bl). 305 Dorling Kindersley: Courtesy of Images: Andrew Twort (cr). Dorling Kindersley: H Keith Melton Kasawa (bl); Mikumistock (cl). Fotolia: Gudellaphoto (c). 247 Durham University Oriental Museum (tc, tc/screen fan, ca/ Collection (fcl, c, cr/Mezon, fcr, clb, bl, bc/M-94, crb, br/ Dreamstime.com: Dmitry Grushin (tr); Olaf Speier (ftl). Getty Wrestler’s netsuke, ca/bowl); Durham University Oriental Handkerchief, br/letter removal device); Imperial War Museum, Images: Burazin / Photographer’s Choice RF (bl). 250 Getty Museum (fcl, cl, cl/Spear, ca, ca/Cast iron kettles, ca/Incense London (bc, cb/Morse code key, fbr). Dreamstime.com: Kittiwut Images: Burazin / Photographer’s Choice RF (ca). 258 Dorling burner, tr, crb, br, fbr). 306 Dorling Kindersley: Tim Draper / Ittikunlasate (cb). The Library of Congress, Washington DC: Kindersley: Stephen Oliver (crb). 264 Dreamstime.com: Rough Guides (ca/City); Durham University Oriental Museum (tc). 335 Dorling Kindersley: H Keith Melton Collection (ca/coin, Vladimir Ovchinnikov (br). 270 Dorling Kindersley: Leeda (tl/Beaker, cla/Pot, clb/Horse, clb/Vase, bl/Plate). Getty cra, fcl, cl, c, c/sleeve gun, fclb, cb, cb/Tear gas pen, crb, fbl, Fishing Tackle, UK (cla, ca). 271 Dorling Kindersley: Leeda Images: Ingo Jezierski / Photodisc (ca/Army). 306–307 Dorling bl, bc/Surreptitious entry kit, cla); RAF Museum, Hendon (ca); Fishing Tackle, UK (crb/Deer Hopper). Dreamstime.com: Kindersley: Tim Draper / Rough Guides. 307 Dorling Imperial War Museum, London (bc). 336 Dorling Kindersley: Nataliya Evmenenko (ftr); Bidouze Stéphane (tr). 279 Dorling Kindersley: Durham University Oriental Museum (cb/Puzzle, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Kindersley: Davenport’s Magic Kingdom (fcr). 280 Dorling crb/Pendants, fbl/Bottle, fbl/Caddy, bl/Bowl, bc/Teapot, br); Anthropology (br). 337 Dorling Kindersley: Natural History Kindersley: Pegasus Stables, Newmarket (c); W&H Gidden Ltd The Science Museum, London (cl/Earthquake Detector, c); Museum, London (br). Dreamstime.com: Jeff Grabert / (cr). 282 Dorling Kindersley: The Board of Trustees of the Royal University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Jgrabert (bc). 338 Dorling Kindersley: Forrest L. Mitchell / Armouries (cb); Vikings of Middle England (cla); University of Anthropology (clb/Camel). 308 Dorling Kindersley: Anthony James Laswel (bl); Egyptian Museum, Cairo (bc); Jerry Young Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (ca, Barton Collection (clb, clb/harp, cb, cb/hornpipe); Tsaravets (br). 339 Dorling Kindersley: Natural History Museum, London fcra, clb); The Tank Museum (crb); Durham University Oriental Fortress (c); The Bate Collection (crb, fcrb); Board of Trustees (br); Paul Rackham (fbl); Linda Pitkin (fbr). 340 Dorling Museum (cb/fan, cb/Glass bowl). Dreamstime.com: Ks2008q of the Royal Armouries (r). 309 Dorling Kindersley: Royal Kindersley: Twan Leenders (fbl); The Shuttleworth Collection (ca/coin). 283 Dorling Kindersley: Anthony Barton Collection Armouries, Leeds (ca); The Wallace Collection, London (cla); (fbr). 341 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, (cb/lute); The National Railway Museum, York / Science The Combined Military Services Museum (CMSM) (cra, cb, cb/ London (fbl); Scanrail (bl). 342 Dreamstime.com: Andylid. 343 Museum Group (ca); The Tank Museum (ca/tank); Egyptian mercy , cb/dagger, crb, crb/war hammer, crb/cannon, cra/ Dreamstime.com: The Natural History Museum, London (br). Museum, Cairo (cra); Eden Camp Museum, Yorkshire (cb); Burgonet); Robert Harding (fcrb/Church); Stephen Oliver (fcrb); 345 Dorling Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London Whipple Museum of History of Science, Cambridge (cla); The London Dungeon (bl, bc, br). 311 Dorling Kindersley: The (fbl); Jari Peltomaki (bc); Motorcycle Heritage Museum, Natural History Museum, London (fcra); Durham University Board of Trustees of the Royal Armouries (cla); Cotswold Farm Westerville, Ohio (fbr). 346 Dorling Kindersley: University of Oriental Museum (shoes). 284 Dorling Kindersley: Natural Park, Gloucestershire (clb, crb, bc); The Order of the Black Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (fbr). History Museum, London (crb, bc, br); Oxford Museum of Prince (cl, bl). 312 Dorling Kindersley: Board of Trustees of Fotolia: Jan Will (bc). 347 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Pitkin (br). Natural History (cb); Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford the Royal Armouries (br); Thackray Medical Museum (cb); The 348 Dorling Kindersley: Linda Pitkin (bc/lobster); Stephen (ftr, tr, cr); The Science Museum, London (fcr). 285 Dorling Science Museum, London (crb); Whipple Museum of History Oliver (bc). 349 Alamy Images: Paul Fleet (fbr). Dreamstime. Kindersley: Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and of Science, Cambridge (fcrb); The Combined Military Services com: Vtupinamba (br). 351 Dorling Kindersley: Durham Anthropology (tc/Clovis projectile point); National Museum Museum (CMSM) (bc). 313 Dorling Kindersley: The Bate University Oriental Museum (bc, bc/Hilt). 352 Dorling of Wales (bl); Natural History Museum, London (tc/Harpoon, Collection (tc, tc/basset recorder, tc/Bass racket, tl, tc/Tenor Kindersley: The Natural History Museum, London (bc); The tc/Manmade barbed tool , bc/’Venus’ Figurine); The Museum crumhorn); The Royal Academy of Music (tl/lute); Musee du Real Aeroplane Company (fbl). Dreamstime.com: Karam Miri of London (tc/Adze head, ca, c); University Museum of Louvre, Paris (cr). Dreamstime.com: Anthony Baggett (cl); (br). 353 Dorling Kindersley: Durham University Oriental Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge (cb, cb/piece of Susico (bc). 314 Dorling Kindersley: National Maritime Museum (bl). 354 Dorling Kindersley: Greg and Yvonne Dean Bone, bc, br). 286 Dorling Kindersley: Durham University Museum, London (cr/longship, cr, fclb, clb). 315 Dorling (br). NASA: Boris Rabin (bc). 355 Dorling Kindersley: Durham Oriental Museum (clb); University of Pennsylvania Museum of Kindersley: Natural History Museum, London (cra/drawing, University Oriental Museum (bc/gold amulet). Fotolia: Eric Archaeology and Anthropology (cb, br). 287 Dorling Kindersley: cra); National Maritime Museum, London (ftl, tl, tc, cla, cla/ Isselee (bc, fbr). Getty Images: felipedupouy.com / Photodisc The University of Aberdeen (tr); The Science Museum, London Telescope, fcra, fcr, br); The Science Museum, London (ca/ (br). 356 Dorling Kindersley: Brooklands Museum (fbr); (cla); University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and meter panel); The Royal Geographical Society, London (crb); Natural History Museum, London (bl). 357 Dreamstime.com: Anthropology (tc, tc/Silver bowl, ftr, ca, ca/scorpions= design Royal Geographical Society, London (fcrb). 316 Dorling Kamnuan Suthongsa (br). NASA: (fbr) cup, ca/Cylinder seal, cra, bc, cr, cr/Necklace, bc/Bead belt, Kindersley: Canterbury City Council, Museums and Galleries br). 288 Dorling Kindersley: Egyptian Museum, Cairo (tr); (ca); Maidstone Museum and Bentliff Art Gallery (tc); Stephen All other images © Dorling Kindersley University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Oliver (br). Dreamstime.com: Ismael Tato Rodriguez (cl). Anthropology (crb); Durham University Oriental Museum (fbl/ 317 Alamy Images: D. Hurst (cla). Dreamstime.com: Piet For further information see: left, fbl/right, bl, bc). 289 Dorling Kindersley: The University Hagenaars (tc); Ks2008q (cra); Patricia Hofmeester (bc). 320 www.dkimages.com of Aberdeen (crb/necklace); Wellcome Institute / Science Dorling Kindersley: US Army Heritage and Education Center - 360