kl/R5]b M 5 g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs hLjg tyf ;:+ s[lt ^=! g]k fnsf] ;fdflhs hLjg sx] L gk] fnL d'xf/x ¿ Ifq] kmnsf] lx;fan] g]kfn ljZjsf] dWod cfsf/sf] dn' 's dflgG5 . oBlk gk] fn ljljwtfn] le/k0\" f{ 5 . gk] fndf efu} f]lns, hftLo, eflifs, wflds{ tyf ;f:+ s [lts ljljwtf :ki6 bV] g kfOG5 . o;y,{ g]kfn axh' ftLo, axe' flifs, wfld{s / ;f+:sl[ ts bz] xf ] . If]qL, a|fx\\d0f, du/, yf¿, tfdfª, g]jf/, d';ndfg, sfdL, ofbj, /fO{, u'?ªh:tf hg;ª\\Vofsf] cfsf/sf lx;fan] 7n' f hghfltnufotsf !@% hfthfltsf dflg;x¿ oxfF a:5g\\ . logLx¿sf] dfte[ fiffsf]¿kdf g]kfn kl/ro÷189
cfcfˆg} efiff 5g\\ . elgPsf]klg 5– ægk]fn rf/hft 5QL; j0fs{ f];femf km\"naf/L xf ] .Æ oxfF !) cf6] f wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿ a:5g\\ . lxGb' wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿ lzj, bu' f{ cflbsf]k\"hf u5g{ \\ . a4' wds{ f cgo' foLx¿n] eujfg a'4nfO{ k\"hf u5g{ \\ . O:n fd wd{ dfGgx]¿n] OZ{ j/n fO{ cNnfx eGb5g \\ . O;fO{ wd{ dfGgx] ¿ rrd{ f uP/ qmfO:6 sf] kf| yg{ f ub5{ g \\ . ls/f t wd{ dfGg]x¿ kf?xfª / ;'ªgLdf -;'lDgdf_ nfO{ dfGb5g \\ . gk] fn ;:+ s l[ tdf wgL /f i6« xf] . axe' fifL, ax'hflt / axw' d{sf dflg;sf cfcfˆg} ei] fei\" ff / ;+:sl[ t 5g\\ . JolQmaf6 kl/jf/, kl/jf/a f6 ;dfh / ;dfhaf6 /f i6« ags] f] xG' 5 . ;dfhleq ljleGGf wd,{ k];f, hfthflt, ;+:s [lt, efiffefifL, e]ife'iff, vfgkfg, /x g;xg, rf8kj,{ pT;j cflb ePsf dflg;x¿ a;f]a f; ub{5g \\ . o;c} g¿' k ;dfhdf ljleGg ultljlw x'g] ub5{ . ;dfhdf x'g]ljleGGf /fhgLlts, wflds{ , cfly{s, ;f+:sl[ ts ultljlwbl] v lnP/ 1fg–lj1fg, ;flxTo, snf, dgf]/~hg cflb h:t f ;Dk\"0f{ ultljlw /fi6n« fO{ klxrfg u/fpg] tTjx¿ x'g\\ . ^=!=! hfltut ljljwtf lj=;= @)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg;' f/ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿sf] hg;ªV\\ of ljj/0f tflnsf ^=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . tflnsf g+= ^=! hfltut hg;ª\\Vof ljj/0f -/fli6o« hgu0fgf @)^*_ qm=;+= hfthfltx¿ hg;ª\\Vof kl| tzt ! If]qL $#(*)%# !^=^)) @ a|fXd0f—kxf8L #@@^()# !@=!*) # du/ !**&&## &=!@% $ yf¿ !&#&$&) ^=%%* % tfdfª !%#(*#) %=*!@ ^ g]jf/ !#@!(## $=(*( & d';ndfg !!^$@%% $=#($ * sfdL !@%*%%$ $=&%) ( ofbj !)%$$%* #=(*) !) /f O{ ^@)))$ @=#$) 190÷gk] fn kl/ro
!! u?' ª %@@^$! !=(&# !@ bdfO÷F 9fn] L $&@*^@ !=&*% !# lnDa\" #*&#)) !=$^@ !$ 7s/' L $@%^@# !=^)^ !% ;fsL{ #&$*!^ !=$!% !^ tn] L #^(^** !=#(% !& rdf/÷ xl/hg÷/fd ##%*(# !=@^* !* sf]O/L÷sz' jfxf #)^#(# !=!%^ !( sd' L{ @#!!@( )=*&@ @) ;Gof;L÷bzgfdL @@&*@@ )=*^) @! wfgs' @!(*)* )=*#) @@ d';x/ @#$$() )=**% @# b';fw÷kf;jfg÷kf;L @)*(!) )=&** @$ z]kf{ !!@($^ )=$@^ @% ;fg] f/ ^$##% )=@$# @^ s]j6 !%#&&@ )=%*) @& a|fx\\d0f–t/fO{ !#$!)^ )=%)^ @* syjgLof !#*^#& )=%@# @( 3tL{÷e'h]n !!*^%) )=$$* #) dNnfx !&#@^! )=^%$ #! snjf/ !@*@#@ )=$*$ #@ s'dfn !@!!(^ )=$%& ## xhfd÷7fs/' !!&&%* )=$$$ #$ sfg\" !@%!*$ )=$&@ g]kfn kl/r o÷191
#% /fhj+zL !!%@$@ )=$#% #^ ;'g'jf/ %%&!@ )=@!) #& ;9' L (#!!% )=#%! #* nf]x f/ !)!$@! )=#*# #( tTdf÷tTjf !)$*^% )=#(^ $) vTj] !))(@! )=#*! $! wf]jL !)()&( )=$!@ $@ dfemL *#&@& )=#!^ $# g'lgof &)%$) )=@^^ $$ sDxf/ ^@#(( )=@#% $% bgj' f/ *$!!% )=#!& $^ r]kfª÷k|hf ^*#(( )=@%* $& xnj' fO{ *#*^( )=#!& $* /fhkt' $!(&@ )=!%* $( sfo:y $$#)$ )=!^& %) a9O{ @*(#@ )=!)( %! df/jf8L %!$$# )=!($ %@ ;Gyfn÷;tf/ %!&#% )=!(% %# wfu/÷ emfu8F #&$@$ )=!$! %$ aftF / %%!)$ )=@)* %% a/O{ *)%(& )=#)$ %^ sx/ %#!%( )=@)! %& ugufO{ #^(** )=!$) %* nfw] #@*#& )=!@% 192÷gk] fn kl/ro
%( /f he/ (%$@ )=)#^ ^) yfdL @*^&! )=!)* ^! lwdfn @^@(* )=)(( ^@ ef6] ] !##(& )=)%! ^# lag &%!(% )=@*$ ^$ el] 8of/÷ u8]/ L @^#&% )=!)) ^% g'/f ª @&* )=))! ^^ ofSvf @$##^ )=)(@ ^& b/f O{ !^&*( )=)^# ^* tfhk'l/o f !(@!# )=)&# ^( ysfnL !#@!% )=)%) &) lrl8df/ !@%$ )=))% &! kx/L !#^!% )=)%! &@ dfnL !$((% )=)%& &# aªu\\ fnL @^%*@ )=!)) &$ 5GTofn !!*!) )=)$% &%= 8fd] !#@^* )=)%) &^ sd/ !&*& )=))^ && af]6] !)#(& )=)#( &* a|Dx÷' a/fdf] *!$) )=)#! &( ufOg] ^&(! )=)@^ *) lh/]n %&&$ )=)@@ *! b/' f %#($ )=)@) *@ afbL #*^)# )=!$^ g]kfn kl/ro÷193
*# dr] ] $*^& )=)!* *$ nK] rf #$$% )=)!# *% xnvf/] $))# )=)!% *^ kGhfjL÷l;v &!&^ )=)@& *& ls;fg !&#( )=))& ** /f hL $@#% )=)!^ *( Jof;L÷;f}s f #*(% )=)!% () xfo\" @(@% )=)!! (! sf]r] !^#% )=))^ (@ w'lgof !$*$^ )=)%^ (# jfnª' !@$( )=))% ($ d'G8f @#%) )=))& (% /fp6] ^!* )=))@ (^ XofN] df] !)&%@ )=)$! (& ky/s§f÷sz' jfl8of #!*@ )=)!@ (* s;' 'G8f @&# )=))! (( Nxf]dL !^!$ )=))^ !)) snf/ !)&& )=))$ !)! g6j' f #)^# )=)!@ !)@ 9fF8L !(*@ )=))& !)# wGsf/÷wl/s f/ @^*! )=)!) !)$ s'nª' @*^!# )=!)* !)% 3n] @@**! )=)*^ !)^ vaf; !*%!# )=)&) 194÷g]kfn kl/ro
!)& /fhwf]j !#$@@ )=)%! !)* sf]/L !@@&^ )=)$^ !)( gfl5l/ª &!%$ )=)@& !!) ofDkm\" ^(## )=)@^ !!! rflDnª ^^^* )=)@% !!@ cf7kxl/o f %(&& )=)@# !!# ;/jl/of $()^ )=)!( !!$ afGtjf $^)$ )=)!* !!% 8f]Nkf] $!)& )=)!^ !!^ cdft #*#) )=)!$ !!& y'nª' #%#% )=)!# !!* d]j fxfª jfnf #!)) )=)!@ !!( aflxª #)(^ )=)!@ !@) Nxfk] f @^@$ )=)!) !@! bj] @!$& )=))* !@@ ;fªkfª !^*! )=))^ !@# vflnª !%&! )=))^ !@$ tfK] s]ufn] f !%@# )=))^ !@% nf]xf?ª !!%# )=))$ !@^ cGo blntx¿ !%%#%$ )=%*^ !@& cGo hghfltx¿ !@@* )=))% !@* cGo t/fO{af;Lx¿ !)#*!! )=#(@ !@( klxrfg gePsf cGo !%@&& )=)%* !#) ljbz] L ^^%! )=)@% @,^$,($,%)$ hDdf !)) g]k fn kl/ro÷195
^=!=@ gk]fnsf ;\"rLs[t cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ gk] fndf cflys{ , ;fdflhs, /f hgLlts bl[ i6n] lk5l8Psf hflt hghfltx¿sf] pTyfg ug{] p2Z] on] lj=;= @)%$ c;f/d f /f li6o« hghflt ljsf; ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;femf eu\" fn] , ;femf efiff tyf cfˆg} ks| f/s f] wd,{ ;:+ s l[ t dN\" o dfGotf;lxtsf] ljlzi6 klxrfg afs] s] f cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] ;ªV\\ of lgs} 7n' f] /xs] f] 5 . cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /f li6o« kl| ti7fg Pg] , @)%( n] %( cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ sfgg' L dfGotf kb| fg u/s] f] 5 . tflnsf g+= ^=@ gk] fnsf ;\"rLs[t cflbjf;L hghflt ;r\" Lst[ cf=h=juLs{ /0 f cfwf/df /f li6o« hgu0fgf @)^* sf] tYofªs cg;' f/ qm=;+= s= nfk] f]Gd'v cflbjf;L ;ª\\Vof -%_ ;d\"x hghflt -%_ dft[ efiff 0.0 28 0.0 1 s';G' 8f 273 2 agsl/o f - 0.0 69 0.0 3 /fp6] 618 0.0 461 0.0 4 ;/' ]n - 0.0 287 0.0 5 xfo' 2,925 0.0 1,520 0.0 6 /fhL 4,235 0.0 3,758 0.0 7 ls;fg 1,739 0.0 1,178 0.0 8 n]K rf 3,445 0.0 7,499 0.0 9 d]r ] 4,867 0.0 4,375 0.0 10 s'zafl8of 3,182 0.0 - 0.0 hDdf 21,284 0.1 19,175 0.1 qm=;+= v=clt cflbjf;L ;ªV\\ of -%_ l;dfGtLs[t ;d\"x hghflt -%_ dft[ efiff 0.1 1 dfemL 83,727 0.3 24,422 0.0 0.0 - 2 l;of/ - 196÷gk] fn kl/r o
3 Nxf]dL -l;ª;fjf_ 1,614 0.0 808 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 4 y'bfd - 0.8 - 0.0 0.3 48,476 0.2 5 wfg's 219,808 0.2 49,858 0.2 0.1 23,151 0.1 6 r]kfª 68,399 0.1 33,651 0.1 0.0 8,766 0.0 7 ;tf/÷;Gyfn 51,735 0.3 45,821 0.2 0.0 155 0.0 8 yfdL 28,671 2.2 235,108 0.9 9 emfu8 37,424 10 jf]6 ] 10,397 11 bgj' f/ 84,115 12 a/fd 8,140 hDdf 594,030 qm=;=+ u= ;LdfGtLs[t cflbjf;L ;ª\\Vof -%_ ;dx\" hghflt -%_ dft[ efiff 0.1 1 ;g' j' f/÷sf]FOr 55,712 5.8 0.2 37,898 5.1 2 yf? 1,737,470 6.6 1,529,875 0.1 5.8 1,353,311 0.0 3 tfdfª 1,539,830 0.4 21,715 0.5 0.5 12,222 0.0 4 eh' ]n 118,650 0.4 122,214 0.1 0.1 3,612 0.0 5 sd' fn 121,196 0.1 19,300 0.0 0.1 - 0.1 6 /f hj+zL 115,242 0.1 11,677 0.1 18,811 7 uGufO{ 36,988 8 lwdfn 26,298 9 ef]6] 13,397 10 b/f O{ 16,789 11 tfhkl' /of 19,213 gk] fn kl/ro÷197
12 kx/L 13,615 0.1 3,458 0.0 13 tf]Ks]uf]n f 1,523 0.0 - 0.0 14 8f]Nkf] 4,107 0.0 1,667 0.0 15 k|mL - 0.0 - 0.0 16 du' fn - 0.0 - 0.0 17 nfs]{ - 0.0 - 0.0 18 Nxf]kf 2,624 0.0 3,029 0.0 19 b'/f 5,394 0.0 2,156 0.0 20 jfn'ª 1,249 0.0 1,169 0.0 3,829,297 14.5 3,142,114 11.9 hDdf qm=;=+ 3= ;'ljwf jl~rt cflbjf;L ;ª\\Vof -%_ ;dx\" hghflt -%_ dft[ efiff 5.4 1 u?' Ë 522,641 13.1 2.0 325,622 2.6 2 du/ 1,887,733 7.1 788,530 5.7 2.3 159,114 0.0 3 /fO{ 620,004 1.5 343,603 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 4 lnDa' 387,300 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 5 5}/f]tg - 0.0 - 1.9 0.0 - 0.3 6 tfªa] - 0.4 114,830 0.1 0.1 19,558 0.1 7 tLgufpFn] ysfnL - 0.0 4,283 0.0 0.0 4,829 8 afxu| fpFn] - 0.0 480 9 dfkmf{nL ysfnL - 10 z]k f{ 112,946 11 ofSvf 24,336 12 5GTofn 11,810 13 lh/]n 5,774 14 Aof;L 3,895 198÷g]k fn kl/ro
15 Xof]N df] 10,752 0.0 10176 0.2 hDdf 3,587,191 13.5 1,771,025 29.4 qm=;=+ ª= pGgt ;d\"x cflbjf;L ;ªV\\ of -%_ -%_ dft[ efiff hghflt 14.1 5.0 846,557 0.1 1 g]jf/ 1,321,933 0.0 5,242 14.2 5.0 851,799 2 ysfnL 13,215 hDdf 1,335,148 r cGo cflbjf;L 1,228 0.0 - 0.0 hghflt ;d\"x hDdf 9,368,178 35.4 6,019,221 22.7 -s±v±u±#±ª±r_ ;\"rLst[ cf=h= ;dx\" cflbjf;L ;ªV\\ of -%_ hghflt -%_ dft[ efiff 0.1 s nf]kf]G d'v ;d\"x 0.1 19,175 21,284 v clt l;dfGtLs[t 2.2 235,108 0.9 ;dx' 594,030 u l;dfGtLs[t ;d\"x 3,829,297 14.5 3,142,114 11.9 # ;l' jwf jl~rt 3,587,191 13.5 1,771,025 6.7 ;d\"x 1,335,148 ª pGgt ;d\"x 5.0 851,799 3.2 1,228 r cGo cf= h= 0.0 - 0.0 ;d\"x 9,368,178 26,494,504 hDdf 35.4 6,019,221 22.7 100.0 26,494,504 100.0 s'n hg;ª\\Vof gk] fn ;/sf/n] @)&& h]7 % df æ/fgfyf?Æ nfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;r\" Ldf ;r\" Lst[ u/];uF } cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;ªV\\ of ^) k'u]s f] 5 . gk] fn kl/ro÷199
^=!=# a;f]jf;, /xg;xg / ei] fei\" ff g]kfnsf sx] L k/Dk/f ut u/u xgfx¿ gk] fnsf] w/ftnLo ljljwtf / xfjfkfgLsf] ljljwtflar ulx/f] / ;Lwf ;DaGw 5 . w/ftnLo ljljwtf / xfjfkfgLsf] ljljwtfsf sf/0f g} ToxfF a:g] dflg;x¿sf] a;fj] f;, /x g;xg / e]ife\"iffdf klg ljljwtf /x]s f] 5 . w/ftnLo ljefhgcg';f/ t/fO{, kxf8 / lxdfnsf] a;fj] f;, /xg;xg / ei] fei\" ffdf ePsf] ljljwtfnfO{ tn rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . lxdfnL k|bz] lxdfnL eu] df ef/L cf;] fg{ rf}/LufO{sf] k|of]u 200÷gk] fn kl/ro
g]kfnsf] ;ae} Gbf pQ/L Ifq] df lxdfnL kb| z] kb{5 . jifl{ e/df cfwfhlt ;do lxpnF ] 9fls/x g] xg' fn] oxfsF f] e\"ld sd pAhfpzLn 5 . oxfF cfn', hf}, pjf, :o fp cflb h:t f vfBfGGf pTkfbg x'G5g\\ . of] If]qdf hg;ª\\Vofsf] rfk Psbd} sd 5 . of] Ifq] df zk] f,{ u?' ª, ef6] ] cflb hfltsf] d'Vo a;f]af; ePsf] kfOG5 . oxfF cToGt} hf8f] x'g] ePsfn] ] sltko dfflg;x¿ kxf8L / t/fO{ lhNnfdf hf8f] 5Ngsf ;fy} h8La'6Lsf] Jofkf/ u/L yk cfo cfhg{ ug{ hfg] ub{5g \\ . of] If]qdf ljsf;sf kj\" f{wf/x ¿sf] vf;} ljsf; gePsfn] oxfsF f] hLjg Psbd} si6s/ /x s] f] 5 eg] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/n] of] Ifq] df a;f]af; ug{] dflg;x¿sf] k/D k/fut hLjgzn} Ldf emg} yk ;Df:o f l;hg{ f ePsf] 5 . o; k|bz] df a:g ]n] afSnf] ks| f/s f n'uf nufpg] ub{5g\\ . h:t f]— ef6] f], bf]rf, aSv' cflb . oxfFsf dflg;x¿ ljzi] ftM hf,} sf]bf], kmfk/, cfn,' df;' Pjd\\ o;af6 tof/ ul/g] kl/sf/ vfg] ub5{ g\\ . kxf8L kb| z] bfp/f sf] ef/L af]S b} dlxnfx¿ of] If]qdf kj\" {b]l v klZrd;Dd ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿ a:b5g \\ . k\"jL{ gk] fndf d'Votof /fO,{ lnDa\" a:5 g\\ eg] dWo g]k fndf a|fXd0f, If]qL, g]jf/, du/, u?' ª cflb hflt kfOG5g\\ . klZrddf klg log} hflt hghfltx¿ kfOG5g\\ . hft, wd{ cg';f/ k|Tos] ;d'bfosf] cfcfˆg} efiff, ;+:sl[ t, /Lltl/jfh /xs] f] 5 . o; k|b]zdf a;fa] f; ug]{ dflg;x¿n] bf}/f, ;?' jfn, s5f8, k6'sf, 6fk] L cflb nufpg] ub5{ g\\ . oxfFsf dflg;x¿ ds,} sfb] f,] bxL, b\"w, e6df;h:tf vfB j:t ' tyf To;af6 tof/ ul/Psf kl/s f/x ¿ vfg] ub5{ g\\ . o; k|b]z sf clwsfz+ 7fpdF f oftfoft ku' ] klg s]xL :yfgdf af6f3] f6fs] f] sdL, lzIff g]kfn kl/ro÷201
tyf ;~rf/h:tf cfwf/et\" cfjZostfsf] sdLn] ubf{ oxfsF f] hghLjg klg si6s/ g} /xs] f] 5 . t/fO{ kb| z] t/fOd{ f ;fdfg 9j' fgL ug{ a}nuf8fsf] k|ofu] gk] fnsf] blIf0fdf t/f O{ k|b]z kb{5 . of] If]q ;dy/ ePsfn] ] oftfoftsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . pAhfpzLn hldg ePsfn]oxfsF f] hghLjg lxdfnL / kxf8L hghLjgeGbf ;xh /x]sf] 5 . oxfsF f dflg;x¿sf] dV' o k]zf s[lif xf] . oxfF cln a9L udL{ x'gx]bF' f oxfsF f dflg;x¿ wf]tL, s'tf,{ n'FuL nufpg] ub5{ g\\ . o; kb| z] sf dflg;x¿n] ljzi] ft bfn, /f6] L, eft, df5f, bxL, b\"wh:t f vfgs] /' f vfg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/fO{df nIdLkh\" f, 57, l;¿jf kj{, df3L kjx{ ¿ w'dwfd;uF dgfOG5 . ^=!=$ gk] fnsf ljleGg hft hfltx¿sf] ;l+ IfKt kl/ro gk]fn Ps ax'hflt, ax'efifL, axw' fld{s Pjd\\ ax';f+:sl[ ts dn' s' xf]. ctM efiff, ;+:s l[ t, wd{ / hfltsf] b[li6n] gk] fn wgL /f i6« xf ] . cg]s tf / ljljwtf g} oxfFsf] cgf7} f] / pNNfv] gLo kIf xf ] . gk] fnsf] oxL ljljwtf ;/+ If0fsf] cfjZostf dx;;' u/L gk] fn ko{6g af8] { / gk] fn /f li6«o hftLo ;ª\\ux| fnoh:tf ;ª3\\ –;+:yfx¿n] dxŒjk0\" f{ el\" dsf v]ln/xs] f 5g\\ . gk] fndf /xs] f ljleGg hft hfltdWo] sx] L hft hfltsf] af/d] f lgDgfg';f/ rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . 202÷g]kfn kl/ro
afxg' ÷If]qL k|hftLo lx;fan] afxg' ÷If]q L ssl] ;og d\"nsf dflgG5g \\ . hg} wf/0f ug]{ x'Fbf logLx¿nfO{ tfufwf/L klg elgG5 . kl\" ao{ f /sd' fO{F eg]/afxg' x¿nfO{ b'O{ ;dx\" df ljefhg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . logLx¿ b]zsf ljleGGf lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g \\ . k'/]TofOF jf sd{sf08, Hof]ltif xg] {] sfd, v]t LkftL / ;/s f/L gf]s /Ldf logLx¿ a9L ;n+ Ug ePsf]kfOG5 . logLx¿ j}lbs ;gftgL lxGb\" wd{ dfGb5g\\ . afx'g / IfqLx¿n] af]Ng] efiff ef/fk] ]nL ;dx\" sf] gk] fnL efiff xf] hg' b]j gfu/L lnlkdf nV]g] ul/G5 . logLx¿ cfkm\"nfO{ v; cfo{ eGg ?rfpF5g\\ . gj] f/ Ox{ L -a]nljjfx_ sf7df8f}F / pkTosfaflx/sf kd| 'v Jofkfl/s s]Gbd| f a;f]af; ug]{ g]jf/nfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltleq u0fgf ul/G 5 . k;] fsf cfwf/d f af| Xd0fb]lv ;'b|;DDfdf juL{s/0f ul/Psf logLx¿sf] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf sfrF f] jf kfs]sf] O6F f, lemu+ 6Lsf] 5fgfåf/f lgldt{ b'O{ jf tLgtn] 3/x¿ x'G5g \\ . logLx¿sf] kd| v' k]zf Jofkf/, s[lif xf ] . ;fy,} logLx¿n] hftLo kz] f cFufn]s f 5g \\ . lxGb' tyf af}4wd{ cjnDag ug{] logLx¿df wflds{ ;lxi0f'tf /x s] f] kfOG5 . du/ du/ hflt g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghflt xf ] . logLx¿sf] a;f]af; If]qnfO{ !@ / !* du/ft elgG5 . h'g d:o fª{ \\bLb]lv bn} v] / 8f]Nkfsf] sx] L efu;Dd kml} nPsf] 5 . /f gf, yfkf, kg' , cfn,] /fs] f, 3tL,{ a9' fh:tf ;ft y/af6 du/sf gk] fn kl/ro÷203
cGo y/x¿ aGGf uPsf xg' \\ . s[lif, kzk' fng, vfgL vGg,] x:tsnfsf ;fy} ;'/I ff If]qnufot jb} ]lzs /fh] uf/L o; hfltsf dV' o k]zf xg' \\ . yf¿ yf¿ hflt g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghfltdWo] Ps xf ] . yf¿sf] dfte[ fiff ef/fk] n] L kl/jf/df kb{5 . logLx¿sf] cflbde\"ld g]kfnsf] lzjflns z[ªv\\ nf tyf t/f O{ Ifq] xf ] . t/f Os{ f sx] L lhNnfdf yf¿hfltsf] afx'No 5 . logLx¿sf] dV' o k]zf s[lif xf] . yf¿x¿ cfkmn\" fO{ k|s[ltkh\" s dfGb5g \\ . tfdfª cflbjf;L hghfltdf u0fgf xg' ] tfdfªsf] a;f]af; If]qnfO{ tfD;flnª elgG5 . logLx¿ w/] } y/x ¿df ljeflht 5g\\ . logLx¿n] sf7df8f}F pkTosf / ;f] jl/k l/sf lhNnfx¿df 3gf ¿kdf a;f]af; u/]sf 5g \\ . kzk' fng, sl[ if, yfªs\\ f / ljleGGf x:tsnfsf ;fduL| x¿ lgdf{0f ug'{ logLx¿sf] d'Vo k]zf xf] . /f O{ /fO {x¿ cflbjf;L ls/ft jz+ sf x'g\\, h;nfO{ vDa\" klg elgG5 . gk] fnsf] ;fn] v' 'Da', cf]vn9ª' \\uf, vf6] fª, ef]hk/' , ;ª\\v'jf;ef, wgs'6f, Onfd / pbok'/ /fOx{ ¿sf] dV' o a;fa] f; If]q xf] . logLx¿ d'Votof wfg, sfb] f], cn}+rL vt] L, kz'kfng tyf sfuh agfpg]Joj;fo ub{5g \\ . u?' ª g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghfltleq kg]{ u'?ª -td\"_ hflt b]zleq / aflx/ 5l/P/ /x]sf] kfOP klg logLx¿ u08sL If]qsf sf:sL, ndh'ª, uf]/vf / dgfªsf /}yfg] x'g\\ / sf:sLsf] Sxf]n pgLx¿sf] k'Vof}{nL ynf] xf] . logLx¿sf] k'Vof}{nL k]zf kz'kfng / s[lif ePtf klg :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ;'/Iff If]qnufot Jofkf/ / ;/sf/L ;]jfdf klg lgs} ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOG5 . ef]6–ad]{nL kl/jf/cGt{utsf] td\" efiff af]Nb5g\\ . lnDa\" gk] fnsf]cflbjf;L lnDa\" hflt c?0f gbLkj\" { ;ªv\\ 'jf;ef, wgs6' f, t]xy| d' , tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, df/] ª / ;g' ;/Ldf a;fa] f; ub{5g \\ . lnDa\" hfltdf klg w/] } y/x¿ 5g\\ . logLx¿ s[lif tyf kz'kfng Joj;fo ub{5g \\ . lnDax\" ¿ k|s[lt kh\" f ug{]ls/ft wd{ dfGb5g\\ . zk] f{ zk] f{ hfltsf] cflbynf] ;fn] 'v'Da' lhNnfsf] pQ/L Ifq] nfO{ dflgG5 . z]kfx{ ¿ bz] sf ljleGGf lxdfnL lhNnfx¿df 5l/P/ /x ]sf 5g \\ . logLx¿ kzk' fng / vt] LkftL ub5{ g\\ . logLx¿ af}4wds{ f] dxfofg ;Dk|bfoL x'g\\ eg] logLx¿sf] efiff ef]6–adn{] L kl/j f/leq kb5{ . nf;] f/, 8D' hL, kmfª8L Nxf]K;f], ofHof{ª, 204÷g]kfn kl/r o
sª;/' , 9'skf 5R] o\", ªo'ªg,] 5R] o\" logLx¿sf k|d'v rf8 xg' \\ . ;'g'jf/ ;'gj' f/ hflt g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L dWo]s f] Ps k|d'v / Pl] txfl;s hflt xf] . g]k fnsf] Oltxf;df ls/ftsfnLg /fHo Joj:yf ;~rfngb]lv g} ls/fltx¿sf] klxrfg /xL cfPsf] 5 . ;g' 'jf/ ls/ft jz+ sf] rf/ zfvf÷;d'bfo æ/fO,{ lnDa', ;'g'jf/ / ofofS] vfÆ dWo]sf] Ps ls/ftL ;d'bfo xf] . v; efiffdf æ;g' 'jf/Æ / dft[efiffdf æsf]OF rÆ elgG5 . gk] fnsf] kj\" L{ e\"efu tyf ef/tsf] l;lSsd, bflhl{ nª Ifq] df dl' vof eg/] lrlgPsf 5g\\ . ks| l[ t tyf lkt[ k'hs ;g' 'jf/hflt ls/ft wdfj{ nDaL x'g\\ . logLx¿sf] wd÷{ bzg{ zf:q nfO{ …dS' b'dÚ elgG5 . o; hfltsf] dn\" yfsynf] /fd5] fk, cfv] n9Ë' f, bfn] vf, l;Gwn' L ePklg xfn dV' o ;x/x¿ / gk] fnsf] k\"[jL{ If]q df ;3g a:tL /x]sf] 5 . o; hfltsf] k/D k/fut kz] f l;sf/ ug],{ afF;sf] snfTds ;fduL| x¿ agfpg] ePklg xfn sl[ if kz] fdf cfj4 /xs] f 5g \\ . az} fv zS' n kl\" 0fd{ fsf] lbg dgfOg] ZofbF / lkbf/ æpeF fn} LÆ / dªl\\ ;/ zS' n kl\" 0fd{ fsf] lbg dgfOg] ZofbF / lkbf/ æpwF fn} LÆ dV' o kj{ xf ] . o; cj;/d f lkt[ tyf ks| l[ tsf] kh\" f cf/f wgf ub{} ZofbF / l;nsf] cfofh] gf u/L dgfpg] ub5{ g \\ . r]kfª gk] fnsf] cflbjf;L hghflt rk] fªnfO{ kh| f klg eGGf] ul/G 5 . logLx¿ lrtjg, dsjfgk/' , wflbª, uf/] vf, ndhª' / tgxF' lhNnfx¿sf] le/fnf] kfvfdf / afsF ,] albo{ f, gjnk/f ;L, af/f cflb lhNnfx¿df ;dt] a;fa] f; ub5{ g \\ . logLx¿sf w/] h} ;f] k/D k/f ut ;–;fgf Pstn] v/n ] 5fPsf 3/ xG' 5g \\ . logLx¿sf] k/D k/fut kz] f vfl] /o f k0| ffnLsf] sl[ if Joj;fo, sGbdn' sf] ;ªu\\ x| / lzsf/ xf ] . p/fj -emf“u8_ g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghfltleq kg]{ p/f jnfO{ emfFu8 klg elgG5 . logLx¿sf] a:tL k;fb{ ]lv emfkf;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . logLx¿ ;;fgf emk' 8L agfP/ vfn] f lsgf/d f a;fa] f; ub5{ g \\ . logLx¿sf] d'Vo Joj;fo s[lif, dhb/' L, kzk' fng xf] eg] x:t snfsf ;fdu|L 9fsL, lksf{, uG' b|L cflb klg aG' g] ub{5g \\ . logLx¿sf] efiff bl| j8 efiff ;d\"xdf k5 { . yfdL cflbjf;L ls/ft jz+ sf] Ps zfvf yfdL hflt xf ] . yfdLx¿ bfn] vf lhNnfsf] ;:' kf, /fªynL, lr/fªynL, ;O' tfkª, sfln~rf]s, nfkLnfª, vfk] frfu', cfnDk,' l;:s/, aª' ynL cflb ufpdF f a;f]a f; ub5{ g \\ . logLx¿ k/D k/f ut vt] L tyf kz'kfng Joj;fo ub{5g \\ . logLx¿ ks| [ltk\"hs ls/ft wd{ dfGb5g\\ . gk] fn kl/ro÷205
lwdfn dªu\\ f]n dv' fs[ltsf cflbjf;L hghfltdf u0fgf x'g]lwdfnx¿ k|foh;f] emfkf / df]/ª lhNNffdf a;fa] f; ub{5g\\ h;nfO{ t/fOs{ f ls/ftL klg elgG5 . logLx¿sf] ;vj' fsf] yfddf af;F / sf7n] agfPsf] v/n] 5fPsf] Pstn] 3/ xG' 5 . logLx¿ k|s[ltk\"hs x'g\\ . logLx¿sf] efiff ef6] –ad]{nL kl/j f/af6 k|efljt 5 . logLx¿ b;,F} ltxf/, hgk} \"l0fd{ f, r}t] bz,}F df3] ;q+ mflGtnufot lxGb\" wd{df cfwfl/t cGo rf8jf8 dgfpg] ub5{ g\\ . ysfnL gk] fnsf cflbjf;L hghfltdf u0fgf xg' ]ysfnL klg Ps xf] . ysfnLsf] d\"n ynf] yf;fª\\ d':t fª lhNnfsf]blIf0fL ;LdfIfq] df kb5{ . logLx¿ xfn ljleGGf lhNnfdf a;f]af; ub{5g\\ . logLx¿ cfˆg} efiff af]N5g \\ . logLx¿sf] cfˆg} e]ifei\" ff tyf u/u xgf xG' 5 . 5GTofn cflbjf;L hghfltdf u0fgf xg' ] 5GTofn hfltsf] dn\" ynf] DofUbL lhNnfsf] sO' gd] u+ n] ufpF sf] lemªv\\ fgL xf] . logLx¿ afUnª' , kfNkf, ?sd' , Ko7' fg, bfª cflb lhNnfdf klg a;fa] f; ub5{ g \\ . logLx¿ vfd efiff afN] b5g \\ . kV' ofn{} L ¿kdf vfgL vGg] / kz| fw] g ug{] eP tfklg logLx¿sf] dV' o kz] f sl[ if / kzk' fng xf ] . /fp6] /fp6] ;db' fo;uF kj\" {/fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbj /f p6] jg;Dkbfdf cfwfl/t g]kfnsf] Psdfq 3d' Gt] hflt xf] . logLx¿ d'Vo ¿kdf 8f]6L, bfr{n' f, c5fd, bn} v] , hfh/sf6] , sflnsf6] tyf ;'v{]t df a:5g \\ . jgb]jL, bf/]d:t tyf eo' f/ bj] tf dfGb5g \\ . logLx¿ ef6] ad{n] L kl/jf/s f] 206÷g]kfn kl/ro
vfDrL efiff af]Nb5g\\ . logLx¿ Ps dlxgfeGbf a9L Ps}7fpdF f slxNo} a:bg} g\\ / To; 7fpdF f kms]{/ cfpFb}gg\\ . logLx¿ c:y foL ¿kdf a:g] 7fpnF fO{ /fp6L elgG5 eg] c:yfoL 5fk|fnfO{ yf}nf elgG5 . afx|ufp“n] d+uf]n d'vfsl[ t ePsf cflbjf;L hghfltdf u0fgf xg' ]Ps hflt afx|ufpnF ] klg xf] . logLx¿ d:' tfª lhNnfsf] lar efusf d'lQmgfy, sfuag] L, 5';fª / emf]ª ufpF ljsf; ;ldltcGtut{ sf Ifq] df a;f]af; ub5{ g\\ . logLx¿sf] dV' o kz] f s[lif, kzk' fng /Jofkf/xf] . logLx¿ af4} wdfn{ DaL x'g\\ . l;of/ -r'Daf_ uf/] vfsf] pQ/L ;LdfjtL{ rd' 5fR] o'S;d pkTosfsf 5s] Dkf/ / rD' r't ufpF df rD' af hfltsf] a;fa] f; 5 . pgLx¿ 9ª' \\ufsf] uf/f ]dfly sf7 / 9'ªu\\ fn] 5fPsf] 3/ agfp5F g\\ . logLx¿ k/D k/f ut ¿kdf uxF', kmfk/, s/] f p, cfn,' tf/] L sf] vt] L u5g{ \\ . logLx¿ af4} wd{ dfGb5g\\ . n]Krf nK] rfx¿ Onfd lhNnfsf] lkmSsn, /f ]ª, kzk' ltgu/, ufv] ],{ gfD;flnª, ;fdnaª' / emfkf lhNnfsf sx] L :yfgdf a;f]af; ub{5g\\ . logLx¿ ks| [ltkh\" s xg' \\ eg] af}4 wd{ dfGb5g\\ . ^=!=% gk] fnsf ljleGg hfthflt, ju,{ ;db' fo /ltgLx¿sf]pTyfgsf nflu /fHon] u/s] f Joj:y fx¿ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] axh' ftLo, axe' flifs, axw' flds{ , ax;' f:+ sl[ ts tyf efu} f]lns ljljwtfoQ' m ljzi] ftfnfO{ cfTd;ft\\ u/L ljljwtflarsf] Pstf, ;fdflhs ;f:+ s[lts P]S oa4tf, ;lxi0ft' f / ;b\\efjnfO{ ;/+ If0f Pjd\\ kj| w{g ub{}Ù juLo{ , hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n+}lus ljeb] / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5\"tsf]cGTo u/L cflys{ ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 /;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfgk' flts ;dfj]z L /;xeflutfdn\" s l;4fGtsf cfwf/d f ;dtfdn\" s ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu lgDglnlvt ;j+ w} flgs cfofu] x¿sf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . l nf]s ;]jf cfofu] l lgjfr{ g cfofu] l /f li6o« dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u l /fli6o« kf| s[lts ;|ft] tyf ljQ cfof]u l /fli6o« dlxnf cfofu] l /f li6«o blnt cfof]u l /f li6«o ;dfjz] L cfof]u g]kfn kl/ro÷207
l cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u l dw;] L cfofu] l yf¿ cfof]u l dl' :nd cfof]u ;fy,} g]kfnsf ;a} hfthflt, ju{ / ;db' fosf] pTyfg u/L ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf sfod ugs{ f nflu df}ln s xssf ¿kdf– ;dfgtfsf] xs, 5'jf5t' tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs, wfld{s :j tGqtfsf] xs, zf]i f0f lj?4sf] xs, lzIff ;DaGwL xs, efiff tyf ;:+ s [ltsf] xs, blntsf]xs, ;fdflhs Gofosf]xs, ;fdflhs ;/' Iffsf] xsnufotsf ljljw Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ^=!=^ ;fdflhs ;/' Iff;DaGwL Joj:y f u/LaL, a]/fh] uf/L, ;fdflhs Pj+ cflys{ ljifdtf, kf| sl[ ts k|sf]k, ;fdflhs åGånufotsf sf/0fn] ;dfhdf cf>oxLg, c;xfo JolQmx¿sf] ;V+ ofdf j[l4 xFb' } uPsf] kfOG5 . afnaflnsf, Hoi] 7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, nf]kfG] d'v cflbjf;L, hghflt / ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿;d]tsf nflu ;fdflhs ;/' Iff eQf k|bfg ug{] ul/Psf] 5 . gk] fn ;/sf/n] cf=j= @)&*÷&( sf] ah6] jQmJodfkmt{ kT| os] ljkGg blnt kl/jf/ / s0ffn{ L c~rnsf ;a} kl/jf/sf % jifd{ l' gsf afnaflnsfsf] kfi] f0fdf vr{ xg' ] u/L dfl;s ¿=$)) sf b/n] afn ;/+ If0f cgb' fg kb| fg ub{} cfO/xs] f] df xfn pQm cgb' fgsf] /sddf Ps ltxfOn] al[ 4 ug{] 3fi] f0ff u/s] f] 5 . ljleGg lhNnfx¿df uf| dL0f ;fdb' flos kj\" fw{ f/ ljsf; sfoq{ mddfkmt{ vfBfGg ljt/0f u/L nfvfF} >d lbg a/fa/sf] nfvf+} /fh] uf/L l;hg{ f ePsf] 5 . To:t,} kf| ylds lzIff / cTofjZos :jf:Yo Pj+ kfi] f0f;DaGwL ;j] fdf lj:tf/ e} hgtfsf] kxrF' df jl[ 4 ePsf] 5 . o;} cjlwdf oj' f :j/fh] uf/ sfoq{ md cf/De ul/of] . /fh] uf/LhGo hfl] vdx¿nfO{ ;Dafw] g ug{ ;ªu\\ l7t Ifq] sf sdr{ f/L tyf sfdbf/x¿sf] kfl/>ldsdf Ps kl| tzt s/ nufO{ ;fdflhs ;/' Iff sfi] fsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;/' Iffsf nflu ul/Psf] kd| v' sfoq{ mdx¿ lgDgfg;' f/5g\\ M -s_ Ho]i7 gful/s , Psn dlxnf, nf]kf]Gdv' cflbjf;L, hghflt / ckfËtf ePsf JolQmnfO{ eQf ljt/0f sfo{qmd, -v_ afn;+/If0f cg'bfg sfo{qmd, -u_ /fh] uf/L Pjd\\ :j/fh] uf/d \"ns sfoq{ md, -3_ ;fdflhs ;/' Iff sfi] f / sNof0fsf/L sfi] fx¿sf] Joj:y fkg, ;w' f/ / ;~rfng, -ª_ sl7g kl/l:y ltdf k/s] fnfO{ ljz]if ;xofu] , 208÷gk] fn kl/ro
-r_ ;fdflhs ;/' Iffsf k0| ffnLx¿sf];w' f/tyf Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd, ^=@ g]k fnsf] ;f:+ sl[ ts hLjg kf| rLg sfnb]lv g} g]kfn ljleGg wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿sf] a;fa] f; ug]{ ynf] xf] . gk] fndf d'Votof lxGb\" wd{ / af}4 wds{ f] afxN' otf /xs] f] 5 . oL afxs] O:nfd, O;fO,{ ls/ft , jxfO{, lzvnufot cGo wdfj{ nDaLx¿ klg plQs} :jtGq ¿kdf /x s] f 5g \\ . lxGb\" wd{cGtut{ z}j, ji} 0fj, zfSt, ;f}o{ cflb ;Dk|bfo kb5{ g\\ eg] af4} wdd{ f lxgofg, dxfofg, jho| fg, tGq tyf dGqofg, ;xhofg /jf]Gkf] tyf nfdf ;Dk|bfo cflb kb5{ g \\ . oL wdx{ ¿ ;dofg;' f/ljleGg ;Dkb| fo tyf pk;Dkb| fodf kl/d flht{ xbF' } uPsf] kfOG5 . gk] fnL ;dfhdf ks| l[ t, lkt[ tyf cbZ[ o zlQmsf] kh\" f ug{] kr| ng klg /x s] f] 5 . klZrd gk] fndf d:6 f,] kj\" L{ kxf8df r08L jf bj] L, t/fOd{ f ;;+ f/LdfO,{ lxdfnL Ifq] df lxGbk\" l| t hgdfg;sf] cf:y f / ljZjf; /xs] f] kfOG5 . gk] fn axh' ftLo, axe' flifs, axw' flds{ Pjd\\ ax;' f:+ sl[ ts ljzi] ftfoQ' m bz] xf] . oxfF ;f:+ sl[ ts ljljwtfleq Pstf kfOG5 . oxfsF f ljljw ;:+ sl[ tx¿lar k/fkj\" s{ fnbl] v g} ckj\" { dn] /lxcfPsf] 5 . ;f:+ sl[ ts axn' jfbsf] l;4fGtaf6 l;l~rt ;:+ sl[ t ePsfn] ] oxfF ;f:+ sl[ ts ;DaGwsf] klg cfbfgkb| fg ePsf] kfOG5 . gk] fnnfO{ ;femf ;:+ sl[ tsf] ljsf; ePsf] dn' s' egL ;uf/} j eGg ;lsG5 . ^=@=! gk] fndf dgfOg]kd| 'v hfqf Pjd\\ rf8kj{ g]k fndf ljleGg hfthflt, ljleGg efiffefifL af]N g] / ljleGGf wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿ a:b5g \\ . ljleGGf hfthflt /wd{ dfGg]dflg;x¿sf cf–cfˆgf /Lltlylt /xg;xg rfnrngx¿df klg ljljwtf kfOG5 . gk] fndf dgfOg] k|d'v hfqf, rf8kj{ Pjd\\ afhfufhfsf] af/]df tn rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . 3f8] ]hfqf rq} si[ 0f rtb' z{ L jf lkrf; rtb' z{ Lsf lbg sf7df8fdF} f kfxF frx]| jf kf;frGx] cyjf ldq rtb' z{ L dgfpg,] ns' ' dfxfBfs] f] kh\" f ug{] / cf;+} Lsf lbgdf pkTosfdf 3f8] h] fqf dgfpg] ul/G5 . of] lbg sf7df8fs+F} f] 6lF' 8vn] df 3f8] f bf8} ;df/f x] cfofh] gf ul/G 5 . 3f8] fnfO{ cgz' f;g, zlQm / tLjt| fsf] kt| Lssf] ¿kdf dflgG5 . ufO{hfqf of] kj{ hgk} l\" 0fd{ fsf] efl] nkN6 cyft{ efbs| i[ 0f kl| tkbfsf lbgbl] v ;ft lbg;Dd dgfOG5 . 5f/] f rqmjtG{] b| dNnsf] dT[ ok' l5 zfs] u:| t /f gLnfO{ v;' L kfg{ /f hf kt| fk dNnn] klxnf] k6s ufOh{ fqfsf] cfofh] gf u/s] f / o;df /fgLsf] zfs] x/0f ePsf] lsj+ bGtL 5 . o;df v8u\\ hfqf, /f k] fOhfqf, nfvg] fr, if8bzg{ VofnL, gk] fn kl/ro÷209
ufO{hfqfsf] emns, eQmk/' nfs] gT[ o, 8jnLgT[ o, gf6s cflb kb| zg{ ul/G5 . >Lsi[ 0f hGdfi6dLsf] lbg si[ 0f hfqf u/k] l5 eujfg si[ 0fn] /f If;, et\" –kt]| cflb gfz u/s] f] cfwf/d f et\" –lkrf;, gfusf] eo xbF' g} eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . b;}“ cflZjg dlxgfsf] zS' n k|ltkbfb]lv bzdL;Dd !) lbg koG{ t rNg] ePsf] x'Fbf jf bzdLnfO{ ljzi]f dxŒj lbPsfn] ] o;sf] gfd bzF} /xg uPsf] cgd' fg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; kjn{ fO{ g]kfnsf] /f li6o« kjs{ f] ¿kdf dgfOG5 . dfGohgsf] cfzLjf{b, lgwf/le /6Lsf, skfn /sfgdf hd/f, unfdf ljleGGf lsl;dsf dfnfx¿ bz}F kj{sf ljzi]ftf xg' \\ . o; kjd{ f gf} lbg;Dd bj] Lsf ljleGGf ¿ksf] k\"hf cr{gf, kmn\" kftL dxf]T;j cflb sfoq{ mdx¿ ul/G5 . dxflzj/f qL k|Tos] jif{ kmfu'g si[ 0f rt'b{zLsf] lbg kg{] of] lbg sf7df8fFs} f] kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/d f / cGoGq :yflkt lzjfnox¿df >4fn' eQmhgx¿sf] 7'nf] hd36 x'G5 . dxflzj/fqLsf lbg gk] fndf ;}lgs lbj; klg dgfOG5 . r}t] bz}“ r}t zS' n ci6dLsf lbg dgfOg] of] kjn{ fO{ ;fgf] bzF} klg elgG5 . ndh'ª\\ lhNNffdf b/' f hfltn] of] kj{ ljzi] f wd' wfdsf ;fy dgfpF5g \\ . o; lbg dlR5Gb| gfysf] /yofqf ul/G 5 . 210÷g]kfn kl/ro
a'4 hoGtL O;fkj\" { %^# df jz} fv zS' n kl\" 0fd{ fsf lbg a4' sf] hGd ePsf,] jz} fv zS' n kl\" 0fd{ fs} lbg a4' Tj kf| Kt u/s] f] / O;fkj\" { $*# df jz} fv zS' n kl\" 0fd{ fs} lbg dxfkl/lgjf0{ f kf| Kt u/s] fn] ] …jz} fv zS' n kl\" 0fd{ f -:jfoF f kl\" Gx_+ Ú a4' hoGtLsf ¿kdf dn' s' e/ dgfOG5 . o; lbg af4} d7, uD' af Pjd\\ ljxf/x ¿df 7n' f] hd36 xG' 5 . ltxf/ sflQs s[i0f qof]bzLb]lv % lbg;Dd dgfOg] of] kj{ bfh'efO, lbbL alxgLx¿sf] a4' hGd kmns, n'lDagL :gx] / ze' R] 5fsf] kj{ xf] . oL % lbg od/fh cfˆgL alxgL odg' fsxfF cfO{ a;s] f] / od'gfn] pgsf] ;]jf / k\"hf u/s] f] 36gfnfO{ o;;Fu cfa4 u/L of] % lbgnfO{ odk~rs klg eGg] ul/G 5 . o; kj{df sfu, ss' /' , nIdL, ufO{ uf?]sf]k\"hf ub{} clGtd lbg efO k\"hf ug{] ul/G 5 . o; lbg lbbL alxgLx¿n] cfˆgf bfhe' fOx¿sf] ;'v ;d[l4 / bL3fo{ 'sf] sfdgf ub}{ 6Lsf nufO{ ldi7fGg vj' fpg] ub{5g \\ . o; cj;/df e}nf] tyf b]p ;L v]nL dgf/] ~ hg ul/G5 . tLh tLhdf /dfpbF } j|tfn' dlxnfx¿ gk] fn kl/ro÷211
tLh gk] fnL gf/Lx¿sf] ljz]if kjs{ f] ¿kdf dgfOg] ul/G5 . of] rf8 efb| z'Sn tt[ Lofsf lbg kb5{ . lxGb\" gf/Lx¿sf nflu of] ljzi] f rf8 xf] . o; lbg gf/Lx¿ pkjf; a;L jt| lnG5g \\ . gf/L x¿n] OR5fcg';f/sf] klt kfpgsf nflu /cfkm\" ;f}e fUojtL /xgsf nflu of] jt| lng] kr| ng 5 . >Lk~rdL df3 zS' n k~rdLsf lbg dgfOg] kj{nfO{ >Lk~rdL jf j;Gtk~rdL elgG5 . of] j;Gt cfudgsf] k|tLssf] kj{ xf ] . o; lbg ;/: jtL b]jL / dxfd~h'>L u?' sf] kh\" f cf/fwgf ul/G5 . ;fgf afnaflnsfnfO{ cIf/ cf/D e u/f pg] lbgsf] ¿kdf ;dt] dgfOG5 . ;/: j tLsf] :t 'lt ul/G5 . ljleGg dlGb/x ¿ / 3/3 /df elQmkj\" {s k\"hf u/L dlGb/sf leQfx¿df ;/:jtLsf] gfd n]Vgfn] k9\\g cfpF5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . o;} lbg xg'dfg9fs] f b/af/d f j;Gt >j0f ul/G5 . j;Gt Ct';DaGwL Znf]s x¿ ;'Gg]sfon{ fO{ j;Gt >j0f elgG5 . Nxf;] f/ Nxf;] f/ kj{ dgfpFb} pQ/L lxdfnL v08sf] zk] f,{ ef]6,] u'?ª, ysfnL / du/ hfltx¿n] ltAatL kfqfc] g;' f/ gjjiff{/Desf] cj;/df df3 dlxgflt/ kg{] Nxf];f/ kj{ ljzi] f pT;fxsf ;fy dgfpF5g\\ . jifs{ f] u0fgf d;' f, ufO,{ af3, la/fnf,] u¿9, ;k{, 3f8] f, e8] f, afFb/, r/f, ss' /' / ;uF' /' sf] gfddf ul/G5 / kT| o]s !@ jifd{ f of] rqm bf]xfl] /G5 . ljleGg ks| f/s f Nxf];f/d Wo] ;f]gfd, td' / UofNjf] Nxf];f/d f gk] fndf ;DalGwt wdf{jnDaLx¿nfO{ ;fjh{ lgs labf lbg] kr| ng /x ]sf] kfOG5 . 212÷g]kfn kl/ro
pe“ f}n L / p“wf}nL of] /fO{ hfltx¿n] dfGg] kj{ xf] . of] kj{ Pp6f pFwfn} L / csf{] pefn} Lsf] ¿kdf jif{df b'O{k6s dgfOG5 . of] kjd{ f s;}n] rG8Lgfrsf ¿kdf, s;n} ] ;fs]nf jf ;fs]jfsf ¿kdf / s;n} ] j}zfv] tyf jf8fªd]6sf] ¿kdf dgfpg] rng 5 . /fO{ hfltx¿sf] klg km/s km/s ;:+ sl[ t ePsfn] of] kj{ klg km/s km/s ;do /gfdaf6 ljleGg 9ª\\un]dgfOG5 . peF fn} L jz} fv, h7] lt/ dgfOG5 eg] pwF fn} L sflQs, dªl\\ ;/ dlxgflt/ dgfOG5 . o; kjd{ f gfS5fª] jf kh' f/Ln] rG8L yfg, dfufy{ fg, dfªl\\ vd cflb 7fpdF f dG' wd' eg/] kh\" fcfhf ug{] ub5{ g \\ . kT| os] 3/3 /df lkts[ f] kh\" f ug,{] 9fn] , emo\\ fD6f ahfP/ gfrufg ug{] / dL7fdL7f vfgs] /' f vfP/ of] kj{ dgfpg] rng 5 . hgk} \"l0f{df hg}k\"l0f{df kT| o]s jif{ >fj0f z'Sn kl\" 0f{dfsf lbgnfO{ hgk} l\" 0f{df÷Cliftk0{ fL kl\" 0fd{ f elgG5 . To;lbg gofF hg} nufpgsf ;fy} k'/f]l xtx¿åf/f /IffaGwg -kx]nF f] jf /ftf] wfufs] f] 8f]/f]_ afFlwG5 / blIf0ff lbOG5 . sltko ;d'bfodf gf} lsl;dsf u]8fu'8LnfO{ lehfP/ 6';f pdf/L SjfF6L vfg] ul/G5 . t/f O{ Ifq] sf ljleGg ;d'bfon] ;f] lbg lbbLalxgLn] bfhe' fOnfO{ /f vL afFw]/ Ps csf{sf] bL3f{os' f] sfdgf ub5{ g \\ . g]kfn kl/ro÷213
h8' zLtn g]kfnLx¿ j}zfv ! ut]nfO{ gjjif{ dfGb5g\\ eg] d}ynL ;:+ s[ltdf j}zfv @ ut] h8' zLtn kg{] / ;f]xL lbgb]lv gj jif{ ;'? ePsf] dflgG5 . o; cj;/df ldlynfdf ;fd\"lxs ef]hg / /Ëf/Ë sfo{qmd cfofh] g ul/G5 . 5/l 5d]sLdf clj/, /Ë, lxnf] 5o\\ fk5\\ofk u/L xfn] Lsf] h:t } pT;fxdo jftfj/0fdf of] kj{ dgfOG5 . o; kj{sf lbg 7'nfa8f cleefjsx¿af6 laxfg}p7L :gfg u/L lgTosd{ k/\" f u/L nf]6fdf kljq zLtn hn lnP/ ;fx] L hnnfO{ bflxg] xftsf] c~hn' Ldf /fvL cfzLjr{ gsf ;fy cleif]s ul/g] xF'bf o; kj{sf] gfd h'8zLtn /xg uPsf] xf] eGg] ljZjf; 5 . Ob gk] fndf O:{ n fd wdfj{ nDaLx¿n] Obdf kf| y{gf ub{} O:nfd cgo' foLx¿ Ob kj{ pT;fxsf ;fy dgfpbF 5g \\ . lxh/L ;j+ ts\\ f] /dhfg dlxgfe/ Ob dgfOG5 . o; wflds{ cj;/d f ;fdYo{ ePsf JolQmx¿n] cfˆgf] c9fO{ kl| tzt u/La u?' jfnfO{ bfg lbO{ logLx¿sf] hLljsfsf nflu sx] L g sx] L ka| Gw u5g{ \\ . o; kjd{ f s/' fg kf7 ug,{] gdfh k9g\\ ] / kzx' ¿sf] aln -sa' fg{ _ lbgh] :tf sfd ul/G 5 . sd' f/ifi7L jf l;yL gvM l;7L jf l;yL gvM gj] f/;db' fosf] kl| ;4 kj{ xf] . h7] z'Sn ifi7Lsf lbg dgfOg] o; kj{df sd' f/ sflQs]osf] ljzi] f ljlwn] kh\" f u/L v6ofqf ug]{ ul/G 5 . o;} lbg kf| oM g]jf/x¿sf] bj] fnL kh\" fsf ;fy} Ogf/ ;kmfO ug{] sfd ul/G5 . of] rf8 si[ fs ;db' fosf k|;Ggtf /;d[l4;Fu klg ;DalGwt 5 . rf;fs] tfªgfd ls/ft ;d'bfosf lnDa\" hfltsf]ljlzi6 dxfg kj{ rf;f]s tfª\\gfd k|To]s jif{ a}z fv z'Sn k\"l0f{df /d+l;/z'Sn k\"l0f{dfsf lbg kb{5 . GjfuL k\"hf;d]t elgg]rf;f]s tfª\\gfd kj{df gofF kfs]s f kmnkm\"n -cGg, kmnkm\"n_ b]jL b]jtfx¿nfO{ r9fP/dfq cfkm\"n] vfO{ /fte/ ofnª\\df, Rofj|'ªgfr gfRb}, xfSkf/] uLt ufpFb} /dfOnf] ul/G5 . of] kj{ lnDa\" hfltsf] P]Soj4tf, ;femf, ;d[4, ;+:s[ltsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf dgfOG5 . 214÷g]k fn kl/r o
lj:s fhfqf -la:s ]6_ lj:sfhfqf, eQmk/' eQmk/' df rt} dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtfsf] rf}yf] lbgb]lv gjjifs{ f] ;'?jft di] f ;ª\\qmflGtdf dgfOg] of] hfqfnfO{ ljZjs]t' ofqf, ljZjfs[t ofqf, ljl;sf hfqf elgg'sf ;fy} Ps jifs{ f] cGTobl] v csf]{ gjjifs{ f] ;?' cft;Dd dgfOg] of] kjn{ fO{ b'Oj{ if]{ d]nf klg elgG5 . of] a]nfdf ;a Oi6ldqx¿;uF e]63f6 u/L Pscsfd{ f ze' sfdgf ;f6f;f6 ul/G5 . lzj :j¿k e/} j /y ofqf ug{'nfO{ lj:s]6 hfqfsf] dxŒjk0\" f{ kIf dflgG5 . o;lbg /y h'wfpg,] lhaf| ] 58] g\\ ] tyf v6 hfqf ;d]t ug]{ ul/G 5 . kftf d]nf g]k fnsf cflbjf;L ;tf/ hfltn] dgfpg] of] kj{df emfkf lhNnfsf] Hofld/ / ef/tsf ;Gyfnx¿ xhf/f Fs} f] ;ªV\\ ofdf ;xefuL eO{ lzj kfjt{ Lsf] k\"hf crg{ f ub{} gfrufgsf ;fy} ljleGg ;f:+ sl[ ts sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug{] ul/G5 . uf}/ f kj{ -ufx] /f_ g]kfnsf] ;'b\"/klZrd k|b]z / s0ffn{ L kb| z] tyf ef/tsf] sd' fpm / u9jfn Ifq] df dgfOg] of]kjd{ f ljleGg hfltsf dlxnfx¿n];fdl\" xs ¿kdf lzjkfjt{ L, u0fz] sf] kh\" fcr{gf ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . :yfgut cfwf/df uf]x/f;d]t elgg] of] kj{df df;sf] lk7fs] f] d\"lt{ agfO{ k\"hf ul/G5 . dlGb/d f kmn\" , rGbg, cIftf, w\"ksf cltl/Qm hfF,} ux'F, df;, s/] fp ldl>t k~r lj?8f r9fOG5 . efb| g]kfn kl/ro÷215
uf}/f kj{ s[i0ffi6dLb]lv # lbg;DDf dgfOg]of] kjd{ f ci6dLsf lbg dlxnfx¿ pkjf; a;L 3f;F åf/f lgld{t lzj kfj{tL u0fz] sf dl\" t{ -;fp_ sf]k\"hfcr{gf ug{,] ehg sLtg{ ug]{ c7jfnL sd{ ub5{ g\\ . l;?jf kj{ l;?jf kj{ gj jifs{ f] pknIodf emfkf, df/] ª / ;g' ;/L lhNnfdf a;fa] f; ug{] /fhjz+ L hfltn] cfˆgf sn' bj] tfsf] kh\" f u/L lxnf] tyf /ª 5o\\ fkf5o\\ fk ub{} l;?jf 216÷gk] fn kl/ro
kj{ dgfp5F g \\ . /f hjz+ L hfltsf] dxŒjk0\" f{ l;?jf kjs{ f] an] fdf n;g' / Kofh 3/a flx/ emG' 8o\\ fOG5 . dxfef/tsfndf k/z /' f dn] Ifq] Lo hfltljxLg kY[ jL agfpg Ifq] Lox¿nfO{ dfb{} lx8F g\\ ] qmddf /fhjz+ L hfltnfO{ dfg{ nfUbf n;g' , Kofh 9fs] fdf emG' 8ofPsf] bv] s] fn] pgLx¿ ars] f] cfVofg ePsfn] ] cBflk n;g' Kofh emG' 8o\\ fpg] k/D k/f 5 . o;l} bg & ks| f/sf t/s f/L ld;fPsf] ;fuhftL agfP/ vfg] ul/G 5 . l;?jf kjd{ f /fhjz+ L ;db' fosf sn' bj] tf 7fs/' lj;/L sf] kh\" f ugs{' f ;fy} l6i6fa9' Lsf gfdn] l6:6f gbLsf] klg kh\" f ul/G5 . of] kj{ /f hjz+ L hfltsf cltl/Q m yf¿, tfhk/' Lof, sxf/, ugufO{ hfltn] klg pT;fx / pdËsf ;fy dgfpg] ub5{ g \\ . of] cj;/d f xf6dn] f eg{] / ufg ahfg u/L /ªu\\ f/ªu\\ gT[ o ug{] ul/G5 . k]lGbof dWo tyf ;'b/\" klZrd g]k fnsf yf¿x¿ cfˆgf] v]tLkftL ;s]/ vlnxfg -wfg emfg{ agfOPsf] ;dtn 7fpF_ af6 ;a} cGg leqfPsf] lbgnfO{ kl] Gbofsf] ¿kdf dgfpF5g\\ . o; lbg yf¿ ;db' fosf u'? k/' f]lxtn] vlnxfgdf ljzi] f lsl;dsf] k\"hf ub5{ g \\ . ;t] f] dlR5Gbg| fy hfqf ;]tf] dlR5Gb|gfysf] d\"lt{ ;Dk\"0f{ k|f0fL hutsf dflns cfof{jnf]lst]Zj/nfO{ g} ;]tf] dlR5Gb|gfy elgG5 . g]jf/L efiffdf lognfO{ >LhgjxfB elgG5 . cfof{jnf]lst]Zj/ Zj]t dlR5Gb|gfysf] d\"lt{ / dlGb/ sf7df8f}F s]n6f]nsf] dlR5Gb|jxfn jf sgs r}To ljxf/sf] dWodf cjl:yt 5 . k|f0fLdfqsf] enfOsf] sfdgf ub}{ b\"w, bxL cflb b|Jon] :gfg u/fO{ /Ëdfnf e/]/ ;';lHht u/fO{ r}q j}zfvlt/ z'e ;fOt h'/fO{ /yofqf u/fOG5 . u9LdfO{ dn] f af/f lhNnfsf] jl/of/k/' d f %÷% jif{sf] cGt/fndf u9LdfOs{ f] dn] f nfUb5, hxfF g]kfn / ef/tsf nfvfF} eQmhgx¿ d]n f eg{ cfp5F g \\ . o; d]nfdf u9LdfOn{ fO{ /f Fuf, afs] f / kI+ fLx¿sf] efu] r9fOG5 . gk] fn kl/ro÷217
u'“nf wd{ af4} dtfgo' foL g]j f/L ;d'bfodf >fj0f zS' n k|ltkbfbl] v Ps dlxgf;Dd u'Fnf pT;j dgfOG5 . o;cGtu{t eQmhgx¿ a'4 eujfgsf]bz{gfy{ af4} d7 tyf ljxf/d f hfG5g\\ . o; cj;/df k~rbfg, ljleGg bj] Lbj] tfx¿sf] ;fjh{ lgs k|bz{g / dtof u/L tLg r/0fdf of] pT;j ;DkGg ul/G5 . cfkmGt dt[ sx¿sf] ;Demgfdf tLy:{ ynx¿df aQL afnL bzg{ fy{ hfg] cfTofhfqf efbs| i[ 0f låtLofsf lbg kb5{ . o;} lbg eujfg a'4n] df/ ljho u/]sf] dflgG5 . /f dgjdL q]t fo'udf rq} zS' n gjdLsf lbg eujfg lji0f'sf !) cjtf/d Wo] Ps dof{bf k'?iffQ] d /fdsf] hGd ePsfn] ] /fdsf] k\"hf crg{ f ub}{ /fdgjdLsf ¿kdf dgfOG5 . t/f O{ If]qdf rt} ] bz}F -;fgf] bzF}_ sf] dxŒj geP klg To;}sf] csf{] lbg /fdgjdLnfO{ xif{ Pjd\\ pNnf;sf ;fy dgfOG5 . of] lbg gk] fnsf] hgsk'/ Ifq] , eujfg /fdsf] hGdel\" d -cof]Wof_ / cGoq /xs] f /f d dlGb/x¿df eujfg /fd / bj] L ;Ltfsf] ljz]if k\"hf cr{gf ul/G 5 . /f tf] dlR5Gb|gfy hfqf ef]6f] hfqf, nlntk/' sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf ;/+ Ifs tyf kf| 0fLhutsf kfngstf{ eujfg nf]s gfynfO{ /ftf] dlR5Gbg| fy elgG5 . dlR5Gb|gfynfO{ b\"w, bxLsf] dxf:gfg u/fpgs' f] 218÷gk] fn kl/ro
;fy} kN' rf]s , nlntk'/a f6 /y ofqf ;?' u/L kf6g hfjnfvn] df dlR5Gb|gfysf] ef]6f] bv] fO{ hfqf ;DkGg ul/G5 . of] hfqf r}q j}zfvdf ;?' eO{ emG8} dlxgfle/ g} rNb5 . tf]/gNx -lkt[k\"hf_ g]kfndf ysfnL ;d'bfodf lktk[ h\" fsf ¿kdf k|rlnt of]kj{ kmfu'k\"l0f{dfsf] Ps lbgcufl8 ;'? eO{ kmfuk' l\" 0f{dfsf] efl]n kN6 -# lbg_ ;Dd dgfOG5 . of] cj;/d f lktx[ ¿nfO{ lvld -kLs_ bfg ul/G5 . of] kjd{ f dWo/f tkl5 / ljxfg s'v/' f af:g'eGbfcufl8 3/sL kd| 'v dlxnfn] :gfg u/L z'4 eP/ ;fnsf] kftdf /fv]/ dt[ s lkt[x¿sf] ;Demgf u/L lk08bfg ug{] ul/G 5 . lk08bfg sfo{df k'?ifhfltsf] ;xeflutf x'Fb}g . o; cj;/df d]jf–ldi7fg vfg,] /fd|f gofF sk8f nufpg,] cfkmGt Oi6ldqx¿;Fu e6] 3f6 ug{] cflbsf cltl/Qm k?' ifx¿lar wgj' f0f xfGg] kl| tof]lutf -tf/f ] vn] _ / dlxnfx¿df 9ª' \\ufsf] u§f vN] g] k|ltofl] utf cfof]hgf ul/G5 . df3] ;ª\\qmflGt uf?] hw' fO{ kj,{ g'jfsf]6 ;\"o{ /flzrqmdf !) cf}F :yfgdf ds/ /flzdf k|j]z ubf{ ds/ ;ª\\qmflGt x'g hfG5 . pQ/fo0fsf] ;'?jft x'g] / df3 dlxgfsf] klxnf] lbg kg]{ x'Fbf o;nfO{ df3];ª\\qmflGt klg elgG5 . o; lbg ds/:gfg u/L k\"hfcfhf u/L b]jLb]jtfsf] bz{g ug]{ ul/G5 . ;\"o{ /fzLrqmsf] rf}yf] ss{6 /fzLdf k|j]z ubf{ ss{6 ;ª\\qmflGt x'G5 . pQm lbg g'jfsf]6sf]tf?sfdf uf]? h'wfpg]kj{ dgfOG5 . g]kfn kl/r o÷219
bIfL0ffogsf] ;'?cft x'g] / ;fpgsf] klxnf] lbg kg{]xb'F f ss{6 ;ªq\\ mflGtnfO{ ;fpg] ;ªq\\ mflGt klg elgG5 . of] lbg klg laxfg :gfg kh\" f cflb u/L bj] L b]jtfx¿sf] bz{g ul/G 5 eg] ;feF mdf sf08/s /f If;sf] k\"hf ug],{ bM' v si6 cz'e ;ª\\st] sf ¿kdf n'tf] kmfNg] ul/G5 . 6«x6' ] kj{ ufpFa:t LnfO{ ljleGg ljsl[ tx¿af6 arfpg, jGo hLjhGtx' ¿af6 afnLgfnL, kfNt' hLjhGt' / dflg;sf] ;dt] /Iffsf nflu, afx\\o cfqmd0faf6 ufpaF :tLsf] /Iff ug{ tD;]sf td' /f hf d;] /f] / pgsf jL/ of]4fx¿sf] nfs] syf / ufyfx¿nfO{ :d/0f ub{} elsDnfa] f6 lgld{t xftxltof/af6 ;';lHht eO{ rsf]{ :j/df s/fpFb} / 7n' f] cfjfhsf 9fn] , 9\\ofªu\\ |f] / ofdf| ] ahfpbF } cfˆgf] zqn' fO{ ufpFa:t Lsf] ;Ldfkf/L s6fPsf] kl| tsfTds clego u?' ª -td\"_ hfltsf] dgfpg] 6x« '6] kjd{ f k|:t't ul/G 5 . ;v' , zflGt, lge{osf] sfdgf ub}{ cgx' f/d f sfnf] nufO{ lz/df kGIfLx¿sf KjfvF l;p/]/ afhfufhf ahfP/ gfRb} dgfOg] kjn{ ] u?' ª -td\"_ e]ife\"iff, /xg;xg, ;+:s[ltsf] kl| tlglwTj ub5{ . dftftLy{ cf“;} L gk] fndf kT| os] jif{ dgfOg] ljleGg rf8kjd{ Wo] cfdf / cfˆgf] bz] sf] u0' f ;Demg] k/]| 0ff kb| fg ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf dfl} ns rf8–kjx{ ¿ klg 5g \\ . h;df jz} fv si[ 0f cf;F} Lsf] lbg dgfOg] dftc[ f;F} L, dft–[ lbj; / dftftLy{ cf;+} L gfdsf] kV| oft kjfT{] ;j klg Pp6f xf ] . of] lbg cfdfsf] dxŒjk0\" f{ u0' f ;Demg] k/]| 0ff kf| Kt u/L cfdfkl| t /x s] f] >4f–elQm ks| 6 ug{] lbg ePsfn] ] dftc[ f;F} L gfdn] kV| oft 5 . o;lbg 5f/] f 5f/] L n] cfdfnfO{ xifk{ j\" s{ dfgdofb{ f u/L >4fsf ;fy dL7f–dL7f vfgs] /' f VjfO{ k;| GGf tN' ofpgk' b5{ . o; sfoå{ f/f k;| Gg ePsL cfdfn] kb| fg u/s] f] cflzjfb{ sf] ke| fjn] 5f/] f 5f/] LnfO{ 7n' f] kmn kf| Kt xG' 5 eGg] dfGotf /xs] f] kfOG5 . cfdf gxg' x] ¿ o; lbg sf7df8fsF} f] dftftLy{ gfds tLyd{ f jf cGo tLyfl{ bdf uO{ gx' fOw{ j' fO{ u//] l;bf tyf lk08 bfg ugk{' b5{ . To; sfoa{ f6 lbjªu\\ t dftf k;| GGf eO{ lbPsf] cflzjfb{ sf] ke| fjn] 5f/] f–5f/] Lx¿ hg–wgn] ;;' DkGg eO{ dxf;v' efu] ug{ kfpg] xG' 5g\\ eGg] hgljZjf; kfOG5 . 57 kj{ ljzi] ftM k\"jL{ Pjd\\ dWot/fOI{ f]q -wgi' ff, dxf]Q /L , ;nfx{ L_ Ifq] df dflgg] ;a}eGbf 7n' f] / dxŒjk\"0f{ rf8 57 xf] . of]sflQs zS' n kIf ifi7Ldf vf;u/L hgsk/' d f w'dwfdn] dgfOG5 . hgsk'/sf uª\\uf;fu/, wgi' ff;fu/, /Tg;fu/, clUgs'08, ljxf/s0' 8 / kfkdf]rgLh:t f tLg ;ohlt ;fu/ s'08x¿ tyf kf]v/L / @& cf6] f gbLx¿df jt| fnj' u{ ;\"ofb]{ ocl3 g} gbL lsgf/ uO{ kfgLdf 5ftL;Dd 8'a]/ 220÷g]kfn kl/ro
57 kjd{ f jt| fn' dlxnfx¿ :gfg Wofg u/]/ ;o\" f]k{ f;gf, cf/fwgf / cf/t Lsf nflu kj\" {sf] ks| fzsf] k|ltIff u5{g\\ . ;KtdLsf] laxfg ;o\" f]b{ ocl3 hnlsgf/f df ku' L ;\"of]{bodf gj} ]Bf;d]t c3{ bfg ul/G5 . cfˆgf] efsn jf dgfs] fdgf k0\" f{ xf;] \\ eGgfsf nflu sltko jt| fn'x¿ rflxF 5ftLn] 3;/]| gbL lsgf/ jf kf]v/L 5p] ku' L cfˆgf] s7f]/ ;fwgfaf6 j|t k\"/f u5g{ \\ . ifi7Lsf] ;feF m ;o\" f:{ t x'g] a]nfdf k|;fb / gj} B] flb lnP/ c:tfpbF f] ;\"on{ fO{ k0| ffd ub{5g \\ . ;o\" fk]{ f;gfaf6 dgfs] fdgf k\"/f ug{ efsn ug]{n] ljz]if ¿kdf k\"hf ug]{ of] kj{ xfn sf7df8fF} pkTosfnufot b]z}le/ dgfpg yflnPsf] 5 . xf]nL lxGb\" ;+:s[ltdf k|To]s jif{sf] kmfu'g z'Sn xf]nL kj{ lr/f]Tyfg k\"l0f{dfnfO{ xf]nL k\"l0f{df elgG5 . of] lxGb\"x¿sf] Pp6f dxŒjk\"0f{ rf8 xf] . xf]nL /ªx¿sf] rf8 xf ] . kmfu'g dlxgfdf dgfOg] x'gfn] o; rf8nfO{ kmfu' k\"l0f{df klg elgG5 . kmfu'g z'Sn ci6dLsf] lbg sf7df8f}Fsf] j;Gtk'/ b/af/cufl8 rL/ -ljz]if ¿kn] ;hfPsf] lnª\\uf]_ uf9]kl5 xf]nL ;'? ePsf] dflgg] kmfu'kj{ k\"l0f{dfsf] /flt pQm rL/nfO{ 9fn]/ hnfPkl5 ;dfKt ePsf] 7flgG5 . xf]nL lxGb'x¿sf] cToGt k|frLg kj{ xf ] . o; kj{sf] j0f{g gf/b k'/f0f, eljio k'/f0fh:tf k|frLg u|Gyx¿df klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . of] g]k fn kl/ro÷221
kj{ k|frLg ;dosf gfl:ts lx/0osZok', ltgsf 5f]/f k|Nxfb / alxgL xf]lnsfsf] syf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . o; kj{df kxf8df k\"l0f{dfsf] lbg / t/fO{df ef]lnkN6 ;fj{hlgs labf x'G5 . gfuk~rdL gk] fne/d f kf| rLg ;dobl] v k|To]s jif{ Clifk~rdL, >Lk~rdL cflb k|dv' k~rdL ltlysf lbgx¿df dgfOg] kjfT{] ;jx¿dWo] 3/3/sf 9fs] fx¿df gfuk6x¿ cyf{t\\ gfu nl] v/f v]sf lrqx¿ 6fF;L ltgLx¿df / gfusf kl| tdfx¿df ljlwkj\" s{ kh\" f u/L >fj0fzS' n k~rdLsf lbg dgfOg]gfuk~rdL gfds kjf{T] ;j klg Pp6f xf] . s'z] cf}“;L k|Tos] jif{ efb|s[i0f cfF};Lsf] lbg s'z] cfF;} L kb{5 . o; lbg af| Xd0fx¿n] hg' ;'s} zf:q Lo lgTo g}l dlQs sd{x¿df geO{ gx'g] kljq sz' x¿ zf:q f]Qm jrgfg;' f/ ljlwk\"js{ k\"hf u/L 5b] g u//] o; lbg sz' sf d'7f 3/d f /fVgfn] sNof0f x'G5 eGg] dfGotf /xs] f] kfOG5 . To;}n] To; sz' sf] gfdaf6 o; kjf{]T;jsf] gfd sz' ] cf;F} L /x g uPsf] kfOG5 . o;lbg afan' fO{ 7n' f] >4f elQmsf ;fy ¿lrcg';f/s f vfB j:t 'x¿ VjfO{ cflzjfb{ sf]sfdgf ug{] rng /xs] f] 5 . afa' gx'g]x ¿n] cfˆgf afa'sf] gfdaf6 l;wfbfg, >f4 cflb u/]/ u?' k'/f ]lxtx¿nfO{ cfˆgf afas' f] k|tLs dfg]/ s]xL vfB j:t' v'jfpg] ul/G 5 . lqm;d; ljZjsf cGo dn' s' sf lqmlZrog wdf{jnDaLh:t}g]kfndf klg O;fO{ wdfj{ nDaLx¿n] @% l8;D] a/d f w'dwfd;uF lqm:d; dgfp5F g \\ . dflg;af6 ePsf] kfksf] kf| olZrtsf vflt/ o;' lv:| 6sf] qm;df em'lG8P/ ePsf] alnbfgLsf] :d /0 f:j¿k dgfOg] o; kj{df O;fO{ wdfj{ nDaLx¿n] ljZj zflGt, k]|d / cfzfsf lglDt rr{x¿df uO{ k|fyg{ f ug{] / z'esfdgf Pjd\\ pkxf/sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{]ub{5g\\ . of] lbg ;fj{hlgs labf xG' 5 . ^=@=@ g]kfnsf ;f:+ s l[ ts ;Dkbfsf] ljj/0f k|frLgsfnbl] v k/Dk/fsf] ¿kdf rlncfPsf dfgj ;:+ sf/nfO{ g} ;+:s[lt elgG5 . wfld{s cf:yf / ljZjf; emlNsg] ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;f:+ sl[ ts ;Dkbf elgG5 . xfdf| k/Dk/fut d\"No dfGotfx¿, /xg;xg, wd{ /wflds{ u|Gyx¿, nf]sgT[ o, clenv] , lznfkqx¿ g} ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ x'g \\ . ;g\\ @)!( ;Dddf ljZjsf Pl]txfl;s tyf ;f+:s [lts dxŒjsf *^( cf]6f :y fgx¿ ljZj ;Dkbfdf k/]sf 5g\\ . g]kfnsf !) cf6] f :yfgx¿nfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf;r\" Ldf ;\"rLs[t ul/Psf] 5, To;dWo] * :yfgx¿ P]ltxfl;s tyf ;f:+ s[lts dxŒjsf 222÷g]kfn kl/ro
/x]sf 5g\\ . log} ljleGGf ;Dkbfn] g} ;dfhsf] ljz]iftfnfO{ k|ltljlDat ub{5g\\ . ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;/+ I f0fsf nflu k/' f tŒj ljefusf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ef}lts / cefl} ts u/L bO' { k|sf/sf ;f:+ sl[ ts ;Dkbf xG' 5g\\ . ef}l ts ;f:+ s l[ ts ;Dkbfx¿– kf/} f l0fs d7dlGb/, uD' af, :t k\" , dl\" t{, zflns, P]ltxfl;s b/a f/, tfd|kq, lznfnv] h:tf clenv] x¿, nf]sgT[ o, nfs] afhf, lrqsnf, Clifd'lgsf tkfe]\"ldsf ¿kdf /xs]f lxdfn–kxf8 tyf gbLx¿ P]lt xfl;s uk' mf tyf tLy:{ yn, >Lv08, ¿b|fIf, wfld{s dxŒjsf jI[ fx¿, kf| rLg u/u xgf, k|frLg xftxltof/cflb . cef}lts ;f+:sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿– wd{, k/Dk/f , /xg;xg, e]i fei\" ff, rfnrng, /Lltlylt, rf8kj,{ ltyL, j|t, cflb cefl}ts ;f+:s l[ ts ;Dkbfx¿ x'g\\ . ^=@=# ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;r\" Lst[ gk] fnsf ;f+:s [lts tyf kf| s[lts ;Dkbfx¿M dfgjLo dl:t is, ;dfh / ;:+ s l[ tsf] ljsf;;uF } uxgfsf ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf w/f x] /, :df/s, :df/s :y nx¿ axd' N\" o ;Dkbfx¿ xg' \\ . tL ;Dkbfx¿ ljZj dfgj hfltsf ;femf ;Dkbf xg' ,\\ o;sf] ;/+ If0f ug' '{ xfdL ;as} f] bfloTj xf] . To:tf :df/s x¿ gfz ePkl5 kg' M :yfkgf ug{ kf| oM c;Dej xG' 5 . ltgsf] gfz xg' ' ;Dk0\" f{ dfgj ;Dkbfx¿sf] gf; xg' ' xf,] ltgLx¿sf] ;/+ I f0f ul/gk' b5{ eGg] p2Z] on] UNESCO n] ljZj ;Dkbf ;ldlt cGtut{ ljleGg ;f:+ s l[ ts tyf kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972, (World Heritage Convention, 1972) ljZj ;Dkbf dxf;lGwsf] ¿kdf :y flkt u/L o;sf] kf| jwfg cg¿' k ljZj ;Dkbfsf] ¿kdf ;r\" Lst[ ug{] sfd eO/{ xs] f] 5 . World Heritage Convention, 1972 ;g\\ !(&% bl] v nfu' ePsf] xf] eg] gk] fnn] ;g\\ !(&* df o;sf] cgd' fb] g u/s] f] xf ] . ^=@=#=! ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;\"rLst[ gk]fnsf] ;f:+ s l[ ts ;Dkbf s_ sf7df8f}F pkTosf ;g\\ !(&* df g]k fn kIf /fHo jf ;b:o ag]k l5 sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf clålto, cg'kd ;f:+ s [lts ;Dkbfx¿sf]ljlzi6 ljZjJofkL dxŒj, cflwsfl/s tf Pjd\\ cljlR5Ggtfsf] sf/0f ltgsf] ;/+ If0f Pjd\\ Joj:y fkgsf nflu ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;r\" Ls[t ug{ g]kfnn] u/]sf] cg/' fw] nfO{ cg'df]bg u/L UNESCO/W HC n] ljZj ;Dkbfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] (UNESCO/W HC, 1979) . o;/L sf7df8f}FpkTosfsf ;ft Ifq]x¿nfO{ Ps ¿kdf sf7df8fF}pkTosf ljZj ;Dkbf :y n egL ;\"rLs/0 f ul/;sk] l5 gk] fn ;/s f/n] cfˆgf] g}lts bfloTj Pjd\\ pRr :t/L o ;/' Iff jf ;/+ If0fsf nflu g]kfnsf] ;Dkbf ;/+ If0f ;DaGwL g]kfn kl/r o÷223
sf7df8f}F b/a f/ If]q kf6g b/a f/ Ifq] kd| 'v sfgg' sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] k|frLg :d f/s ;/+ If0f P]g, @)!# sf] bkmf # cg';f/ oL ;ft Ifq] x¿nfO{ rf/ lsNnf tfs] L ;LdfÍg u/L qmdzM :joDe\" -lj=;=+ @)#^_, xgd' fg9fs] f, kf6g / eQmk/' b/af/ Ifq] , rfFu'gf/fo0f tyf af4} -lj=;+= @)$!_, kz'klt -@)%%_ nfO{ cnu cnu ;/+ lI ft :df/s Ifq] egL 3f]if0ff -gk] fn ;/sf/, @)#^, @)$!, @)%%_ u/]sf] lyof] . 224÷g]kfn kl/ro
eQmk/' b/af/ Ifq] v_ n'lDagL, eujfg a4' sf]hGd:y n, ljZj ;Dkbf :y n kljq kfv] /L -ki' sl/0 fL_ sf] ki[ 7efudf bl] vPsf] dfofbj] Lsf] dlGb/, nl' DagL eujfg a'4sf] hGd:ynsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt nl' DagLnfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf dxf;lGw, !(&@ sf] cg'df]bg u/s] f] s/La !& aif{ kl5 ;g !((^ df dfq ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;dfj]z ugs{ f nflu o'g]:s f] ljZj ;Dkbf ;ldltdf cg/' fw] u/L k7fOPsf] / To;}sf] csf]{ ;fn cyft{ \\ ;g !((& df ljZj ;Dkbf ;ldltn] ;r' Ldf ;\"rLst[ ug]{ lg0fo{ u/s] f] lyof] (UNESCO/W H 1997) . g]kfn kl/ro÷225
nl' DagL kljq pBfg / j/k/ ePsf ljleGg k/' ftflŒjs cjzi] fx¿n] of] Ifq] af4} wd{ Pjd\\ bzg{ sf kj| ts{ eujfg a4' sf hGd;uF kT| oIf ;DaGw /xs] f] 5, hg' wd{ / bzg{ jtd{ fg ljZjsf clwstd dfgj ;db' fon] cjnDag ul//x s] f] 5 . ^=@=#=@ ljZj;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;r\" Lst[ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿M != ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgsG' h :y fkgfM @)#@ ;fn -;g\\ !(&^_ dWojtL{ If]qsf] :yfkgfM @)%* ;fn -;g\\ @))@_ If]q kmnM !,!$* ju{ ls=ld= dWojtL{ Ifq] sf] Ifq] kmnM @&% ju{ ls=ld= kj\\\" L{ gk] fnsf] ;u/d fyf c~rnsf] ;fn] v' D' a' lhNnfdf /x s] f] of] /fli6o« lgs~' h ljZjsf] ;jfR{] r lzv/ ;u/dfyf -**$* ld=_ nfO{ ;d6] /] kml} nPsf] 5 . o;u} /L ^,))) ld6/ eGbf cUnf NxfT] ;,] gK' ;,] rfo] ,\" NxfT] ;;] f/, kd' f/] L , cfdfbAnd, yfd;s] '{ h:t f lxdrr' /' fx¿n] o; lgs~' hsf] uf/} jnfO{ cem a9fPsf 5g \\ . oxfF :y fgLo afl;Gbf / kjt{ f/f x] Lx¿n] ko| fu] ub{} cfPsf ufS] of,] vD' a,' 5s' d' / gfªk\\ f dV' o rf/c f6] f pkTosfx¿ /x s] f 5g \\ . o; lgs~' h leqsf] ufS] of] / ;Dj4 tfnx¿nfO{ ;g @))& df /f d;f/ ;r\" Ldf ;dfjz] ul/P sf] 5 . pRr kjt{ Lo jftfj/0 f /x s] f] o; /f li6o« lgs~' hdf ufa] ]| ;Nnf, l7u+ ]| ;Nnf, xd] ns, wk' L, efh] kq, u/' f;F hftsf ?vx¿ kfOG5g \\ . j;Gt Ctd' f nfnLu/' f;F sf kmn\" x¿n] lgs~' h leqsf] hu+ nnfO{ clt dgf/] d / ;G' b/ agfp5F g \\ . s:t /\" L du[ , lxdfnL efn,' lxpF lrtj' f, yf/, 3f/] n, emf/n h:tf jGohGtx' ¿sf ;fy} 8fkF m,] lrlnd,] sflnh, lxd sv' /' f , nfnrR' r] sfu -6ª' u\\ f_ / kxn+] f] rR' r] sfu -6d] ' nufot !(# kh| fltsf r/fx¿ o; /fli6o« lgs~' hsf kf| sl[ ts uxgf xg' \\ . ;g\\ !(&( bl] v o; /f li6o« lgs~' hnfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;dfjz] ul/P sf] 5 . @= lrtjg /fli6«o lgsG' h :y fkgfM @)#) ;fn -;g\\ !(&#_ dWojtL{ Ifq] sf] :yfkgfM @)%# ;fn -;g\\ !((^_ If]q kmnM (%@=^# ju{ ls=ld= dWojtL{ Ifq] sf] Ifq] kmnM &@(=#& ju{ ls=ld= lrtjg, dsjfgk/' , k;f{ / kj\" L{gjnk/f ;L lhNnfsf s]xL e\"efux¿df km}l nPsf] of] /fli6o« lgs~' h gk] fnsf] klxnf] /fli6«o lgs~' h xf] . o;sf] Ifq] kmn (%@=^# ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 . o; lgs'~hn] r'/] kxf8, /fKtL, gf/fo0fL / l/p gbLsf d'Vo If]q x¿nfO{ ;d6] ]s f] 5 . lgs'~hsf] sl/a &) k|ltzt jg Ifq] ;fnsf] h+unn] 9fss] f] 5 . ljZjd} bn' e{ dflgPsf] Psl;uF ] u}F8f, kf6] af3, ;f+;] , 226÷gk] fn kl/ro
Psl;u+ ] u8+} f uf}/ LufO{, sf7] efn', lrtj' f, /tj' f, lrQn, nu'gf, h/fof], rf}l ;u+ ,] afbF / / nª\\u/' nufot ^) eGbf a9L lsl;dsf :t gwf/L hª\\unL hgfj/x ¿ kfOG5g \\ . o;}u/L 3l8ofn ufx] L, du/ ufx] L, clhË/ nufot ;l/;[k tyf peor/, a;fO{ ;/L cfPsf / /}yfg] u/L %$^ eGbf a9L hftsf r/fr?' ËL / ljleGg lsl;dsf ls/f km6o\\ fËf| x¿n] o; lgs'~hnfO{ cem wgL agfPsf 5g \\ . log} kf| s[lts dxŒjsf j:t'x¿sf] ;/+ If0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;g\\ !(*$ df lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hnfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;dfjz] ul/Psf]5 . –;|ft] M g]kfn ;/s f/ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno, /f li6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu ^=@=#=# ;Defljt ljZj ;Dkbf :y nx¿ gk] fnn] ;g\\ !((^ /;g\\ @))* df u/L bO' k{ 6s ljleGg /fli6«o ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ ;Defljt ljZj ;Dkbfsf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLs[t ul/; s]s f] 5, h;dWo];g !((^ df ;Defljt ljZj ;Dkbfsf ;\"rLdf ;r\" Lst[ u/s] f] nl' DagL, eujfg a4' sf] hGd:ynnfO{ ;g\\ !((& df gk] fn ;/sf/sf] cfkmg\\ } kxndf ul/P sf] cg/' f]w cg¿' k kl| qmofut ¿kdf g}ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;\"rLs[t ul/Psf lyof] . o;sf cltl/Q m bx] fosf /fli6o« ;Dkbf :y nx¿ xfn;Dd klg ;Defljt ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;r\" Ls[t cj:y fdf /x]sf 5g\\ 1. Cave architecture of Muktinath Valley of Mustang (23/0 5/1 996) 2. Khokana, the vernacular village and its mustard-oil seed industrial heritage (23/0 5/1 996) gk] fn kl/r o÷227
3. Ramagrama, the relic stupa of Lord Buddha (23/0 5/1 996) 4. The early medieval architectural complex of Panauti (23/0 5/1 996) 5. The medieval palace complex of Gorkha (23/0 5/1 996) 6. Tilaurakot, the archaeological remains of ancient Shakya Kingdom (23/0 5/1 996) 7. Medieval Earthern Walled City of Lo Manthang (30/0 1/2 008) 8. Medieval Settlement of Kirtipur (30/0 1/2 008) 9. Nuwakot Palace Complex (30/0 1/2 008) 10. Ram Janaki Temple (30/0 1/2 008) 11. Bhurti Temple Complex of Dailekh (30/0 1/2 008) 12. Rishikesh Complex of Ruru Kshetra (30/0 1/2 008) 13. Sinja valley (30/0 1/2 008) 14. The Medieval Town of Tansen (30/0 1/2 008) 15. Vajrayogini and early settlment of sankhu (30/0 1/2 008) tflnsf g=+ ^=# ljZj;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;r\" Ls[t gk]fnsf k|fs[lts /;f+:s l[ ts ;Dkbfx¿ qm=;=+ ;Dkbf ;\"rLst[ ldlt Ifq] kmn dV' o cfsif{0f ! rfFug' f/fo0f ;g\\ !(&( rfFu'gf/fo0f dlGb/s f] lznfn]v @ eQmk'/ b/af/ ;g\\ !(&( kRkGg em\\ofn] b/a f/ # :j oDe'gfy ;g\\ !(&( ljZjljVoft af}4 dxflaxf/ $ af}4gfy :t'kf ;g\\ !(&( #^ ld=cUnf] af}4 :t'kf % xg'dfg9f]sf ;g\\ !(&( sfi6d08k, xg'dfgsf] d'lt{, b/a f/ j;Gtk/' b/a f/, tn]h' dlGb/, s'df/L 3/, ;ªu\\ |fxno cflb, ^ kzk' ltgfy ;g\\ !(&( @^$ kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/, hojfuZ] j/L , xS] 6/ b]jkQg, Zn]ifdfGts jg, u'Xo]Zj/L cflb, & kf6g b/af/ ;g\\ !(&( si[ 0f dlGb/, dxfaf4} , /f tf] dl5Gbg| fysf] dlGb/, ;ªu\\ f| xno cflb . * ;u/dfyf ;g\\ !(&( ;u/d fyf, Xnf]T;], rf]o'h:tf /fli6«o lgs~' h lxdlzv/, 8fkF m], lxpFlrtj' f cflb . 228÷gk] fn kl/ro
( lrtjg /fli6«o ;g\\ !(*$ (#@ Psl;Ë] uF}8f, kf6a] f3, do/' lgs'~h j=ls=ld= cflb h:tf hLjhGt'x¿ / ljljw jg:k ltx¿ !) nl' DagL ;g\\ !((& a4' sf] hGd:y n, dfofbj] L dlGb/, !!!%) czf]s:t De, k'isl/0 fL kf]v /L ;ªu\\ |fxno cflb . ;f| t] M g]kfn ;/s f/ ;+:sl[ t, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8o\\ g dGqfno, k'/ftTj ljefu . ^=@=$ /f li6«o ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL bL3{sfnLg gLlt g]kfn ;/sf/a f6 /f li6o« ;f:+ sl[ ts gLlt @)^& hf/L ul/P sf] 5 . efiff, snf, ;+:s[lt, nlntsnf / ;ª\\uLt gf6o\\ If]qsf] ljsf;, k|j4{g / ;/+ If0fsf nflu g]kfn k|1f kl| ti7fg, gk]fn nlntsnf k1| f kl| ti7fg /g]kfn ;ªu\\ Lt tyf gf6\\o k|1f kl| ti7fgsf] u7g eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]s f 5g \\ . /f li6«o ;ªu\\ x| fno 5fpgL /fli6«o clenv] fno, /fli6«o ;ª\\ux| fno 5fpgL, /fli6«o db' |f ;ª\\u|xfno, /f li6o« snf ;ª\\u|xfno eQmk'/, Ifq] Lo ;ª\\ux| fno kf]v/f, If]qLo ;ª\\u|xfno ;'vt{] , If]qLo ;ª\\u|xfno wgs'6f, uf]/vf ;ªu\\ x| fno, slknj:t' ;ªu\\ |xfnosf] :yfkgf eO{ k/' f tflŒjs j:tx' ¿ ;/+ I f0ftkm{ sfoq{ mdx¿ ;~rfng eO/xs] f 5g \\ . To;u} /L &@ lhNnfsf ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;\"rLs/0 f eO{ To;} cg'¿ksf sfoq{ mdx¿ ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\\ . ;fy}, ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLs[t ;Dkbfx¿sf] g]kfn kl/ro÷229
;+/I f0fsf nflu sfoq{ mdx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf / kljq wfld{s:yn b]j3f6 If]qsf] @) jif{] u'?of]hgf :jLst[ ePsf,] cGo hftLo ;ªu\\ |xfnox¿ :yfkgfsf] sfon{ fO{ lg/Gt/t f lbO{ :yfgLo lgsfo / ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf w/fg, lrtjg, sLltk{ /' , kfv] /f, bfª / h'Dnfdf hftLo ;ªu\\ x| fnox¿ :yfkgf sfo{ ;'? ul/Psf,] sf7df8fs}F f] uf]s0fd{ f hgcfGbfn] g tyf ;lxb :dl[ t ;ªu\\ |xfnosf] kj\" f{wf/ ljsf; ;?' ul/P sf,] gf/f o0flx6L b/af/ ;ªu\\ x| fno :y fkgf eO{ sx] L efu ;j;{ fwf/0fsf] cjnfs] gsf nflu vN' nf ul/Psf] ;fy} d}lynL ;flxTosf dxfslj ljBfkltsf] :d l[ t k'/: s f/sf nflu ¿ ! s/f8] sf] cIfosfi] f :y fkgf ul/P sf] 5 . n'lDagL, kzk' lt / hgsk/' Ifq] sf u'?of]hgfcg'¿k kj\" fw{ f/ ljsf;;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿;dt] ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\\ . lll 230÷g]kfn kl/r o
kl/R5]b M ;ft gk] fnsf] efiff, ;flxTo / snf &=! efiff gk] fn axe' fifL b]z xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] gk] fndf af]lng] ;a} dfte[ fiffx¿nfO{ /fi6e« fiffsf] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff xf] . gk] fnL efiff ;Dks{sf] efiff klg xf ] . k|frLg gk] fndf ls/f t, ;+:st[ , kfnL cflb efiff / a|fXd\\ L, l;l/h ª\\3f, bj] gfu/L , /Ghgf cflb lnlk ljsl;t xF'b} uPsf] kfOG5 . pQ/fwd{ f ;:+ s[t efiffsf] ljsf; cGo efiffsf] bfhF fd] f cTolws xfdf| cuh| ;flxTosf/x ¿ g]kfn kl/ro÷231
dfqfdf ePsf] kfOG5 . hol:ylt dNnsf] pbo ePkl5 dWosfndf gj] f/L efiff lnlvt ¿kdf ;'?cft ePsf]xf] . o;sfndf g]kfndf cGo ljleGg efiffx¿ cl:tTjdf /x]klg lnlvt ¿kdf ltgLx¿sf] jr{:j e]l6Psf] 5}g . d';ndfg Jofkf/Lsf] k|j]zkl5 dWosfndf pb\"{ / kmf/;L efiffsf] k|of]u x'g yfn]sf] kfOG5 . b/af/df ;+:s[t, d}lynL, aËfnL, ef]hk'/L, cjwL / kj{t] -g]kfnL_ efiffsf 1ftfx¿ klg lyP eGg] s'/f Oltxf;af6 k|i6 x'G5 . &=!=! g]k fndf af]lng] d'Vo efiffx¿ -/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/_ qm= efiff hg;ªV\\ of 21. p/fj 33651 ;+= 22. ;'gj' f/ 37898 1,18,26,953 23. a+ufnL 21061 1. g]kfnL 3092530 24. /f h:y fgL 25394 1584958 25. dfemL 24422 2. dl} ynL 1529875 26. yfdL 23151 1353311 27. s'nª' 33170 3. efh] k/' L 846557 28. lwdfn 19300 788530 29. clGhsf 18555 4. yf¿ 501752 30. ofVvf 19558 132583 31. y'nª' 20659 5. tfdfª 325622 343603 ;fªkfª, 18270 6. gj] f/L 793416 32. ;fªk\\ fxfª 691546 33. e'hn] L 21715 7. du/ 122214 34. b/fO{ 11677 114830 35. vflnª 14467 8. cjwL 77569 36. sd' fn 12222 76800 37. ysfnL 5242 9. jfGtjf 49858 38. 5GTofn 4283 48476 39. ;fª\\sl] ts 4476 10. u?' ª 45821 40. ltAatL 4445 41. b'dL 7638 11. lnDa\" 12. alHhsf 13. pb{\" 14. /f hj+zL 15. zk] f{ 16. lxGbL 17. rflDnª 18. ;Gyfn 19. rk] fª 20. bg'jf/ 232÷g]kfn kl/ro
42. lh/n] 4829 71. a/f d 155 43. jfDa'n] 13470 72. ltnª' 1424 44. k'df 6686 73. h?] ª 1763 45. ofN] df] 10176 74. bD' hfnL 6260 46. gf5]l/ª 10041 75. cf]l/of 584 47. b/' f 2156 76. lnª\\lvª 129 48. dr] ] 4375 77. s';'G8f 28 49. kx/L 3458 78. l;GwL 518 50. nfKr] 7499 79. sfr] ] 2080 51. af6] ] 8766 80. xl/o fGjL 889 52. axfO{ 11658 81. df3L 35614 53. sf]o\" 1271 82. ;fd 401 54. /fhL 3758 83. s'dfn{ L 227 55. xfo\" 1520 84. sfut] 99 56. Jof;L 480 85. bfª] v\\ f 80 57. ofDkm] 9208 86. s'sL 29 58. 3n] 8092 87. l5Gtfª 3712 59. vl/of 238 88. ldhf] 32 60. l5lnª 2046 89. gfUd;] ] 10 61. nf]?ª 3716 90. Nxf]dL 808 62. kGhfaL 808 91. c;fdL 476 63. lrlgofF 242 92. ;wfgL 122 64. cu+ ]|hL 2032 93. /fO{ 159114 65. dc] fx] fª 4650 94. tfhk/' L of 18811 66. ;+:s [t 1669 95. v;} 1747 67. s}s ] 50 96. c7kx/] 5530 97. ugufO{ 3612 vfDhL 461 98. c5fdL 142787 68. -/fp6_] 99. vd 27113 69. ls;fg 1178 70. d;' ndfg 1075 g]kfn kl/ro÷233
100. dfnkf8] 247 112. aemfªu\\ L 67581 101. w'nn] L 347 113. km| fG;n] L 34 102. c/a L 8 114. Nxf]kf 3029 103. :kl] g; 16 115. 8f]NkfnL 1667 104. /l;og 17 116. hD' nL 851 105. 8f6] n] L 787827 117. b}nv] L 3102 106. an] x/f 599 118. ;fg] fxf 579 107. kmfªb\\ 'jfnL 290 119. 88n] w'/L 488 108. jfn'ª 1169 120. afh/' n] L 10704 109. ;/' ]n 287 121. bfr{'nn] L 5928 110. at} 8n] L 272524 122. dgfª 392 111. ags/L of 69 123. u9jfnL 38 gofF efiff klxrfg Effiff cfof]un] la=;+ @)&^ sflQs !* ut] /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z u/]sf] aflif{s k|ltj]bgdf gofF efiffsf] klxrfgnfO{ ;+:yfut u/]sf] 5 . h'g b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g \\ . qm= ;=+ efiff lhNnf $ g'a|L -nfs_]{ Uff]/v f ! /f gf yf? s~rgk/' @ Gff/ km' dgfª % kf]8\\s] 8f]Nkf # r'd -l;of/_ uf/] vf ^ ;/] f s] d:' tfª &=!=@ gk] fnL efiffsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ gk] fnL efiff ef/f k] n] L efiff kl/j f/sf] tT;d jul{ eq kg{] efiff xf ] . o;sf] ;DaGw cfo{ O/f gn] L zfvfsf] cfwl' gs cfo{ efiff;uF /xs] f] kfOG5 . gk] fnL efiff, cfwl' gs cfo{ efiffx¿dWo] Ps xf ] . of] ;:+ s t[ , kf| st[ / ckez|+ xbF' } ljsl;t ePsf] xf ] . kf| st[ tyf ckez|+ sf] sg' zfvfaf6 gk] fnL efiffsf] hGd ePsf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljåfgx¿ Psdt xg' ;ss] f 5g} g \\ . gk] fnL efiffnfO{ ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . of] efiffnfO{ ;an} ] ae' mg\\ ,] s/' fsfgL ug{ ;lhn} ;lsg,] ;Dks{ efiff, zAbfjnL efiff, efiff ko| fu] stf,{ ;flxTo, ;flxTosf/ / efiff;j] Lsf lx;fan] ;ae} Gbf wgL efiffsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/Psf] kfOG5 . 234÷gk] fn kl/r o
eflifs k'/ftflŒjs ljzi] ftf / /f hgLl ts 36gfqmdsf cfwf/df gk] fnL efiffsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ lgDglnlvt tLg sfndf afFl8Psf] 5 . -s_ k|fylds r/0f kf| rLg sfn lj=;=+ !)$) bl] v !%$( ;fn;Dd /x s] f] kfOG5 . o;sf] kd| f0fsf ¿kdf lj=;= !)#* sf] bfdk' fnsf] clenv] nfO{ lnOG5 . ;Ktl;Gw' kb| z] bl] v kj\" { xfnsf] gk] fn;Dd v;x¿ lkmlhPsf lyP . ef/tsf] du' n ;fdf| Ho lj:tf/sf qmddf ;Defljt cfqmd0f kT| ofqmd0fsf nflu xD' nf >Lkfnsf /fhf gfu/fhn] lj=;=+ !)$) df PsLs/0f u/L ljzfn v; clw/fHosf] :yfkgf u/s] f] Oltxf; kf| Kt ePsf] 5 . logL v; lyPgg,\\ ltAatL lyP . P6l\\ sG;g //fxn' ;fs+ T[ ofogn] lbPsf] ljj/0 fcg;' f/ pgL ;f| ª] –rª uDkfs] f afxf| F} jz+ xg' \\ . To;n} ] klg logsf] dfte[ fiff ltAatL lyof] eGg] al' emG5 . csf{] s/' f pgsf ;Gtfgsf] gfd rfk -of] gfd xfO] g, of] ;:+ s l[ tdf /fhf eGg] cys{ f] l;GhfnL zAb xf_] , rflkNn -of] klg gfd xfO] g, of] rfksf 5f/] f eGg] cys{ f] l;GhfnL zAb xf_] , qmfl;rNn -qmfl;sf] 5f/] f M] oxfF ltAatL / v; zAb hfl] 8Psf] bl] vG5_, qmflwrNn -qmflwsf] 5f/] f _] , qmfrNn -qmfsf] 5f/] f _] /xa] f6 klg Tof] jz+ ltAatL jQmf ePsf] :ki6 xG' 5 . t/, kh| fx¿sf] hg;ªV\\ ofdf v;x¿ a9L ePsfn] /f hfx¿ klg lj:tf/} v; hfltdf ¿kfGtl/t xbF' } uPsf] / :y fgLo v; kh| fx¿s} efiffnfO{ /fHoefiffsf ¿kdf ko| fu] u/s] f] bl] vG5 . To;an] f kj\" n{] L v; /f Hosf kd| v' bO' c{ f6] f kf| Gt lyPM v;x¿sf] 3gf a;fa] f; ePsf] v;fg / hf8 jf ef6] x] ¿sf] a;fa] f; a9L ePsf] h8fg . o; v;fg kf| Gtsf] /fhwfgLrflxF l;Ghf -jtd{ fg hD' nf_ lyof] . oL ;a} Ifq] df Pp6} efiffsf] /fhsLo ko| fu] ePsfn] o;nfO{ l;GhfnL eg/] lrGg ;lsG5 . o;/L PsLst[ v;/f Ho sfnbl] v o; efiffsf] pTklQ ePsf] dflgPsf] xfÙ] lsgeg] c¿ cfwl' gs ef/tLo cfoe{ fiffx¿sf] pTklQ ;do klg o;} ;dolt/ dflgPsf] 5 . oxL efiff kj\" l{ t/ klg a9b\\ } u08sL Ifq] ;Dd cfOkU' of ] . o;nfO{ kl5 kjt{ ] eGg yflnof] . o; l;GhfnL efiffsf kf| rLg gdg' fx¿ ljleGg clenv] x¿df kfOPsf 5g \\ . sx] L kd| v' gdg' fx¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\\ M • czfs] rNnsf] b'Nns' f] lznfn]v • cflbTo dNnsf] tfdk| q • uf/] vfsf] tf3afO{ uD' afdf kf| Kt cflbTo dNnsf] tfd|kq • k'0o dNnsf] tfd|kq -v_ dWosfnLg r/0 f gfu/fh ceo dNnsf] ;fd|fHo lj36gkl5 -v; /fHosf] lj36g_ 6q' m]/fHosf] :yfkgfn] ubf{ g]kfnL efiffn] klg k|frLg nIf0fx¿ ud' fpbF } dWosfnLg nIf0fx¿ kf| Kt ug{ yfNof] . lj=;= !%%% sf] wjsd{7åf/f lnlvt sfjf{l] /s g]kfn kl/r o÷235
ljjfi] f zfxLsf] tfdk| qsf] efiff dWosfnLg gk] fnL efiff nIf0fx¿sf] ¿kdf b]v f k¥of] . gk] fnL efiff ;fx] |fF} ztfAbLb]l v lj:t fl/t xg' yfNof] . o; ;dodf g]kfnL efiffefifLx¿ qmd}n] kj\" {lt/ kmn} g yfn ] . of] qmd kxf8L tyf t/f O{sf ee\" fu tyf bfhLl{ nª cf;fd x'Fb} adf{;Dd k'Uof] . o;/L km}lng] qmddf :jbz] L tyf ljbz] L efiffsf zAbx¿sf] cfudg gk] fnL effiffdf xg' yfNof ] . o;} ;dodf gk] fnL efiffn] k|zf;gsf] dfWod aGg] cj;/ klg k|fKt u¥of] . gk] fnsf] PsLs/0f cleofg;uF } g]k fnL efiffsf] Jofks ¿kdf k|rf/k;| f/ tyf lj:tt[ Ls/0fn] o;sf] dxŒj cem} a9/] uof ] . lj=;= !%%% sf] wjsd7{ åf/f lnlvt sfafl{] /s ljjfi] f zfxLsf] eflifs gdg' fbl] v lj=;= !($* sf] dfl] t/f dåf/f lnlvt efge' Qmsf] hLjg rl/q sf af/d] f pNnv] ul/Psf eflifs gdg' fsf cltl/Qm lj=;= !*%% sf] zlQmaNnesf] æxf:o sbDjÆsf] efiff xb] f{ kf| rLgsfnbl] v dWosfn;Dd cfOkU' bf gk] fnL efiffn] cfˆgf] :ki6¿k bv] fO;ss] f] / sfJo / ;flxTotkm{ klg of] efiff nfs] lko| eO;ss] f] kfOG5 . -u_ cfw'lgs r/0f uf/] v fkqsf] -!(%*_ ks| fzg;uF } gk] fnL efiffsf] cfwl' gs sfnsf] yfngL ePsf] dflgG5 . uf/] vfkqsf] ks| fzgkl5 gk] fnL efiffsf] ljsf;df uf/] v fkqsf ;fy cGo ljleGg kqklqsfx¿sf] klg dxŒjk0\" f{ el\" dsf /xs] f] kfOG5 . ;G' b/L -!(^#_, dfwjL -!(^%_ h:tf kqklqsfx¿n] gk] fnL efiffsf] ljsf; / kr| f/– k;| f/ ugd{ f lbPsf] ofu] bfg clj:d /0 fLo /x s] f] 5 . /f ddl0f cf=bL= sf] xnGt alxisf/ cfGbfn] gnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg dfwjL -!(^%_ n] vn] s] f] el\" dsf tyf :jod\\ /fddl0fs} ofu] bfgnfO{ klg la;g{ ;lsbF g} . eflifs :t /L s/0 fsf nflu xnGt alxisf/ cfGbfn] gn] dxŒjk0\" f{ :y fg cfu] 6] s] f] 5 . To;kl5 rlGbs| f Jofs/0 fsf] ks| fzg tyf ljleGg kl| tef ;DkGg slj, nv] sx¿sf] ;fwgsf] nV] okj| l[ taf6 dQ' m xbF' } lj:tf/} cfwl' gstftkm{ 9Nsb} u/s] f] kl' i6 xG' 5 . To;kl5 gk] fnL efiffnfO{ rfv] f] agfpg] sfod{ f zf/bf -!((!_ klqsf tyf em/f j{] fbL cfGbfn] g -@)!#_ sf] ljzi] f el\" dsf /x s] f] 5 . em/fj{] fbL cfGbfn] gn] gk] fnL efiffnfO{ lhpbF f,] hfUbf] / le/nf] agfpg 76] gk] fnL zAb ko| fu] df ljzi] f hf8] lbPsf] 5 . jt{dfg gk] fnL efiffdf k|sflzt ljleGg ;flxlTos / ;flxTo]Q/ uG| yx¿, zAbsfz] tyf Jofs/0fsf] ks| fzg tyf o;;DaGwL ePsf ljljw sfo{n] g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsl;t l:yltsf] ;ª\\s]t u/s] f] 5 . To;sf cltl/Qm /f i6«efiffsf ¿kdf ;l+ jwfgn] lbPsf] dfGotf, ljb]zLx¿sf] gk] fnL efiffk|ltsf] cle?rL, ef/t Lo ;l+ jwfgsf] cf7fF} cg;' r\" Ldf g]kfnL efiffn] kfPsf] :yfgnfO{ bl[ i6ut ubf{ cfw'lgs g]kfnL efiffsf] dxŒj pRr /x]s f] dflgG5 . 236÷gk] fn kl/ro
cfwl' gs sfndf lzIff, ;~rf/ / ks| fzgn] gk] fnL efiffsf] nfs] lko| tf a9b\\ } uPsf] kfOG5 . o;nfO{ dxŒj lbOg' / ljbz] Lx¿n] ;dt] o;tkm{ ?lr a9fpgn' ] o;sf] dxŒj a9b\\ } uPsf] tYo xfdf| ;fd' :k i6 5 . o;/L gk] fnL efiffsf] jtd{ fg ¿knfO{ l:y/ tyf dfgs agfpg ljleGg Ifq] af6 ePsf] ko| f;nfO{ c:j Lsf/ ug{ ;lsbg} . &=!=# efiff kl/j f/ ef/fk] ]nL kl/j f/ ef/f k] n] L efiff kl/jf/ lgDg adf]lhd kl/eflift 5 . ef/f]kn] L ;td, cNaflgofnL, jfN6n] L, :nfd]nL, cfd]g{ ]n L / cfo{O/fg]nL s]G td' s]N6]nL, hd{g]nL, lu|;]nL, O6fn]nL, tfv] f/]njL / lx66\\ n] L ef/f]kn] L ;Dk\"0f{ efiff kl/j f/x¿dWo]sf] ;jf{lws ;d[4 efiff kl/j f/ xf ] . ef/t Lo pkdxfåLk / o'/f]k dV' o If]q /x]sfn] o;sf] gfd ef/fk] ]nL /xg uPsf] bl] vG5 . ;a}eGbf a9L hg;ª\\Vofn] af]Ng] tyf o'/f ]k / Pl;of dxfbz] sf ljleGg ee\" fux¿ dV' o Ifq] /x ] klg ;+;f/sf ;a} h;f] Ifq] df kml} nPsf] o; efiff kl/jf/n ] ;flxTo, ;Eotf, ;:+ sl[ t, 1fg, lj1fg, /f hgLlt, cflb x/]s Ifq] sf] g]t T[ j lnPsf] 5 . efiff j}1flgs bl[ i6n] klg o;sf] cWoogdf ;jfl{ ws sfo{ ePsf] 5 . ;:+ s [t, cj]:t f, lus| , Nofl6g, ?;L, hdg{ cflb ljZjsf kf| rLg Pjd\\ ;d4[ efiffx¿ o;} kl/jf/sf dflgG5g \\ . ef/f]k]nL efiff kl/jf/sf] gfds/0 fsf ;DaGwdf ljåfgx¿lar dte]b kfOG5 . o;nfO{ ljåfgx¿n] OG8f]–hdl{ gs, OG8f–] o/' f ]lkog, OG8f]–lx§n] L, cfo{ kl/j f/ cflb leGg–leGg gfd lbPsf] b]lvG5 . h;n] h]– h:tf] gfdfs/0fsf] k:| t fj u/k] lg ef/f ]k]nL -OG8f–] o'/fl] kog_ gfdn] g} nfs] lko| tf xfl;n u/s] f] 5 . ef/f ]k]nL efiff kl/j f/sf] d\"n ynf] / d\"n k|ofQ] mfsf af/d] f sg' } 7f]; lg0f{o x'g ;s]sf] b]lvbF }g . oBlk O{=k\"= $%)) jif{cl3 ef/f]kn] L ;db' fosf dflg;x¿ Ps} 7fpFdf a:y ] / Pp6} efiff af]Ny] eGg] cgd' fg ul/Psf] 5 . dn\" ynf] c1ft /x]klg efiff j1} flgsx¿n] t'ngfTds cWoogsf dfWodaf6 ef/f k] n] Lsf] sfNklgs dn\" efiffsf] lgdf0{ f u/L ltgsf k|of]QmfnfO{ …lj/f;] Ú gfd lbPsf] bl] vG5 . h;af6 ef/f]kn] L efiff kl/jf/s f d\"n k|of]Qmfx¿ …lj/f;] Ú hflt lyP eGg] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] kfOG5 . b|lj8 kl/j f/ bl| j8 hfltåf/f af]lng] efiffnfO{ b|lj8 efiff kl/j f/cGtu{t /flvG5 . d'VotM gk] fn kl/ro÷237
ef/t sf] tldngf8' /f Ho tyf dnl] ;of, OG8f]g ]l ;of, >Lnª\\sf, adfn{ ufot kj\" L{ / blIf0f clk|msf cflb Ifq] df o; kl/j f/sf efiffx¿ af]N g] ul/G5 . O={ k\"= !%)) eGbf klxnb] ]lv g} afn] LrfnLdf cfPsf] o; kl/jf/sf] d'Vo efiff tldn xf ] . ;flxTo, ;Eotf / ;+:sl[ tsf b[li6n] tldn efiff cToGt ;d4[ bl] vG5 . tldnafxs] o; kl/jf/cGtu{t ;G] tldn, dnofnd, sGgf8f, tn] u' ', sfn] fdL cflb efiff kb5{ g\\ . bl| j8 efiff kl/jf/s f] d'Vo ljzi] ftf cGtM ofu] fTds xf] . bO' { jrg / tLg lnËsf] Joj:yf kfOg] o; kl/jf/s f efiffdf sdj{ fRosf] Joj:yf kfFObg} . d\"4{Go Wjlgsf] k|fwfGo kfOg] o; kl/jf/sf efiffdf :j /fGt zAbsf] ko| f]u clws /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljelQmsf] sfd kT| ooaf6 rnfOg' o; kl/jf/s f efiffx¿sf] ljzi] ftf xf] . To;afx]s kof{Kt cfuGt's zAbsf] k|of]u x'g', lnË lgwf/{ 0fsf lglDt cfjZostfcg;' f/ gflds zAb;Fu …k'?ifÚ / …:q LÚ jfrs zAbx¿ hf]l8g'h:t f ljzi] ftfx¿ klg b|lj8 efiff kl/jf/sf ljzi] ftfsf ¿kdf bl] vG5g \\ . gk] fndf o; kl/jf/sf] emfuF 8 -wfuF 8_ efiff afN] g] ul/G 5 . ef]6 ad{n] L -lrlgof“ ltAatL_ kl/jf/ eflifs jQmfsf b[li6n] ef/f ]k]n L kl/jf/k l5sf] bf]; f| ] 7'nf] efiff kl/j f/ xf] lrlgofF ltAatL . dV' otM rLg, ltAat / adfd{ f af]lng] o; kl/jf/sf efiffx¿ aªu\\ nfb]z, yfONofG8, g]kfn, e'6fg, leotgfd cflb b]zx¿df klg afl] nG5g \\ . o; kl/jf/n fO{ ljåfgx¿n] ef]6–adn{] L / yfO{–lrlgofF u/L b'O{ ju{df ljefhg u/]sf] kfOG5 . gk] fndf o; kl/jf/s f tfdfª -d'dL_{ , g]jf/L, du/, /fO{, ls/ftL, u'?ª, lnDa,\" zk] f{, r]kfª, ;g' j' f/, yfdL, lwdfn, ltAatL, lh/]n cflb y'k|} efiffx¿ af]lnG5g \\ . o; kl/j f/sf kd| 'v eflifs ljzi] ftfx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\\ M • cofu] fTds efiff • PsfIf/L efiff • :yfgaf6 zAbsf] cy{ lgwf{/0f xg' ] efiff • tfgsf dfWodaf6 cye{ ]b x'g] efiff • cgg' fl;s Wjlgsf] afxN' o ePsf] efiff • cnu–cnu zAbsf nflu cnu–cnu lrGx xg' ] -j0fd{ f cIf/gx'g_] efiff cfUgo] kl/jf/ cfUg]nL efiff kl/jf/nfO{ cfUgl] ;ofnL÷cfUgo] jf cl:6«s efiff kl/jf/ klg eGg] ul/G5 . blIf0f–kj\" { Pl;of dV' o ynf] /xs] f] o; kl/j f/s f efiffx¿ cGgfd, sDafl] 8of, adf{, yfONofG8, ef/t xFb' } lgsf]af/ åLk;Dd kml} nPsf] bl] vG5 . 238÷gk] fn kl/ro
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