Nepal Parichya

348 aªu\\ nfrn' L 24245 245=14 8 349 bª\\lu;/0 f 21484 350 u9jf 38592 110=7 7 351 /fhk'/ 25037 352 /fKtL 40763 358=57 8 353 zflGtgu/ 25203 bfª 354 aaO{ 27469 577=33 7 355 g/g} fk/'  34942 afFs] 356 /f KtL;f]gf/L 59946 161=07 9 albo{ f 357 ah} gfy 54418 ;'vt]{ 358 vh/' f 50961 116=02 7 b}nv] 359 8'8'jf 37460 hfh/sf]6 360 hfgsL 37839 257=48 7 361 a9}oftfn 47868 362 u]? jf 34871 172=34 6 363 rfs} 'g] 25240 364 a/f xtfn 26802 1041=73 9 365 lrª\\uf8 17275 366 l;Dtf 25845 141=67 8 367 eujtLdfO{ 18778 368 u/' f;F 22033 101=91 8 369 8ª' u\\ ]Zj/ 15883 370 gfd} n' ] 20802 91=1 6 371 dxfa' 19277 372 e}/ jL 21233 63=32 6 373 7fFl6sfFw 18896 374 s;' ] 20621 115=19 9 375 hl' grfFb] 21733 376 af/]sf]6 18083 78=41 6 377 lzjfno 15269 381=01 10 455=09 10 170=19 6 241=64 9 151=52 7 164=79 8 105=19 6 228=59 8 110=8 6 110=46 7 88=22 6 273=97 9 246=21 11 577=5 9 134=26 9 gk] fn kl/ro÷39

8fN] kf 378 8f]Nkf] a'4 2126 377=38 6 hD' nf 379 z] kmf]S;G' 8f] 3099 123=07 9 sflnsf6] 380 hubN' nf 2273 6 d'u' 381 d'8s\\ ]rn' f 5129 83=3 9 x'Dnf 382 sfOs] 3576 250=08 7 383 5fsf{ tfª;fª] 1451 466=6 6 384 sgsf;'Gb/L 12977 345=57 8 385 l;Ghf 12395 225=39 6 386 lxdf 10961 153=29 7 387 ltnf 13607 132=32 9 388 u7' Lrf}/ 9870 175=49 5 389 tftf]kfgL 14638 8 390 kftf/f;L 14571 427 7 391 krfnem/gf 12343 525=56 9 392 ;fGgL lqj0] fL 12846 814=07 9 393 g/x/L gfy 21366 166=92 9 394 sflnsf 14080 136=71 8 395 dxfj} 8323 143=86 7 396 knftf 15303 97=32 9 397 du' d' sfdf{/fFu] 5396 322=07 9 398 ;f?] 12238 318=84 11 399 vTof8 17116 2106=91 11 400 l;dsf6] 11557 365=8 8 401 gfDvf 3900 281=12 6 402 vfk'{gfy 6011 785=89 5 403 ;s{]uf8 9868 2419=64 8 404 rª\\vn] L 5517 6 405 cbfgrn' L 7116 880 6 406 tfhF fsf6] 5964 306=7 5 1310=41 150=61 159=1 40÷gk] fn kl/r o

407 uf}dn' 8515 314=66 6 9432 171=72 6 408 kf08j uk' mf 12748 110=55 5 18575 135=08 7 afh'/f 409 :j fldsflQs 9214 830=33 7 aemfª 11557 335=26 7 410 58] ]bx 14951 109=24 7 c5fd 15893 113=52 7 8f]6L 411 lxdfnL 17952 105=51 9 17154 86=15 9 412 tnsf6] 9022 170=8 5 16296 116=34 7 413 di6f 12972 61=83 7 21307 113=91 9 414 vKt85fGgf 2182 1467=27 5 25149 182=16 7 415 ynf/f 24670 134=78 8 416 ljTy8lr/ 17359 58=26 6 417 ;\"df{ 25166 173=33 7 21562 227=88 8 418 5lj;kflye]/ f 24940 232=07 8 22483 117=66 7 419 bu' f{ynL 16720 332=55 5 20814 419=09 6 420 s]bf/:oF' 19551 122=72 6 23945 128=47 7 421 ;fOkfn 20903 127=01 7 17902 300=22 7 422 rf/} kf6L 423 d]Nnv] 424 afGgLu9L hou9 425 /fdf/fz] g 426 9sf/L 427 t'dfv{ fFb 428 kj\" L{rf}sL 429 a8Ls]bf/ 430 hf]/fon 431 ;fon 432 cfbz{ 433 s=] cfO={ l;=+ 434 afu] 6fg kmª' l\\ ;n g]kfn kl/ro÷41

sn} fnL 435 hfgsL 48540 107=27 9 s~rgk/'  436 ab{ufl] /of 32683 77=26 6 88N] w'/f 437 df]xGofn 22053 626=95 7 a}t8L 438 s}nf/L 47987 233=27 9 439 hf]z Lk/'  36459 65=57 7 bfr'{nf 440 r/' ] 18924 493=18 6 441 an] 8f8F L 21949 36=70 5 442 nfnemf8L 22569 154=65 6 443 cflntfn 18531 292=87 8 444 efu]Zj/ 14129 233=38 5 445 gjb'uf{ 19957 141=89 5 446 chod]? 7066 148=9 6 447 uGofkw'/f 15093 135=65 5 448 ;g' o{ f 18549 124=52 8 449 l;uf; 21510 245=44 9 450 lzjgfy 17115 81=65 6 451 k~r]Z j/ 18766 120=41 6 452 bf]u8fs]bf/ 24632 126=38 8 453 l8nf;g} L 22924 125=28 7 454 dflnsfh'{g 15581 100=82 8 455 clk lxdfn 6779 613=95 6 456 b'xF' 10818 65=35 5 457 gfu} f9 15874 180=27 6 458 dfdf{ 14956 208=06 6 459 n]sd 14838 83=98 6 460 Aof; 10347 839=26 6 ;f| ]t M ;ª\\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo kz| f;g dGqfno 42÷g]kfn kl/ro

tflnsf g+= !=* gbL lsgf/df cjl:yt gu/x¿ gu/ lhNnf gbL sf7df8fF} sf7df8fF} afUdtL ljb/'  g'jfsf]6 lqz'nL kfv] /f sf:s L ;]tLu08sL bdf}nL tgxF' ;t] L÷dfbL j;] L;x/ ndhª' d:of{ª\\bL afUnª' afUn'ª sfnLu08sL s':d f kjt{ dfb] L a6' jn ¿kGbx] L ltgfp 3f/] fxL bfª aaO{ :o fªh\\ fahf/ :o fªh\\ f cfwF Lvfn] f ag] L DofUbL sfnLu08sL hfd] ;fd] d:' t fª sfnLu08sL rfd] dgfª d:ofª{ b\\ L dx]Gb|gu/ s~rgk'/ dxfsfnL h'Dnf hD' nf h'Dnf s0ffn{ L -tLnf_ lbkfon 8f6] L ;]tL e/t k'/ -gf/fo0fu9_ lrtjg gf/fo0fL -;Ktu08sL_ ufO3f6 pbok/'  lqo'uf rGbu| 9L emfkf d]rL sfsF 8le§f emfkf d]rL dGynL /fd]5fk ;'gsf;] L l;ldsf]6 xD' nf x'Dnfs0ffn{ L wG' r] /; j' f lqzn' L x6] f}8F f dsjfgk'/ /fKtL gk] fn kl/ro÷43

l;Gwn' Ldf9L l;Gwn' L sdnfdfO{ u'n/L of abLo{ f aaO{ dfGdf sflnsf6] h'Dnfs0ff{nL !=$ gk] fnsf] k|fsl[ ts ;f| ]t / ;fwgx¿ !=$=! e\"ld gk] fnsf kf| s[lts ;f| t] / ;fwgdWo] e\"ld Ps dxŒjk\"0f{ ;|ft] xf ] . gk] fnsf] w/f tn / jg:k ltdf leGgtf ePemF} oxfFsf] df6f]sf] cj:yf / u'0fdf klg w/] } leGgtf 5 . Land Resource Mapping Project -!(&*÷&(_ sf cg';f/ g]k fndf vt] LofU] o ee\" fu !* k|ltzt /x ]sf] 5  . gk] fndf cEof; ul/Psf s]x L el\" d Joj:yf /}s/ el\" d /}s/ zAbsf] Jo'TklQ bO' { zAbsf] cy{af6 ePsf] xf]  . …/Ú}  zAbn] /fHo / …s /Ú  eg]s f] ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kg]{ clgjfo{ e'QmfgL xf]  . To;}n ] /s} / el\" d jf hUuf eGgfn] ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /x s] f] / efu] rng ug]{ JolQmn] dfnkft] ltg'k{ g]{ hUufnfO{ hgfpbF 5  . o:tf] hUuf cfˆgf] cwLgdf /fv]/ k|of]u ug]{ JolQmn] ;/sf/L /fh:jsf ¿kdf ;/s f/n fO{ dfnkf]t a'emfpg'kb{5  . ljtf{ el\" d sg' } ;/sf/L sdr{ f/Ln] axfb'/Lkj\" {s sfd u/]df jf s'g} JolQm dn' s' L zf;gsf] bl[ i6df /fdf| ] ;fljt ePdf p;nfO{ …jl[ QÚ :j¿k kb| fg ul/g] hUufnfO{ ljtf{ hUuf elgG5  . gk] fndf ljz]if u/L /f 0ffzf;g sfndf o:t f] hUuf af8F g\\ ] rng lyof ] . af| Xd0fnfO{ bfg :j¿k kb| fg ul/g] hUufnfO{ sz' ljtf{, s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ /fdf| ] sfo{ u/]afkt kb| fg ul/g ] hUufnfO{ lkmsb/ ljtf{, o'4 ubfu{ b}{ d/]sf] ;}l gssf kl/jf/n fO{ lbg] hUufnfO{ d/j 6 ljtf{ elgGYof ] . /f0ffsfndf pgLx¿sf]cg'ofoL h'g;s' } JolQmnfO{ klg ljtfs{ f ¿kdf hUuf lbg]k|rng lyof] . o;n]ubf{ sl/a #% kl| tzt s[lifofU] o el\" d ljtf{sf ¿kdf ljt/0f ePsf] lyof ] . lj=;= @)!^ ;fndf ljtf{ pGd\"ng Pg] hf/L u/L ;Dk0\" f{ ljtf{ hUufx¿nfO{ /}s/d f kl/0 ft ul/o f ] . u'7L e\"ld s'g}ljz]if ;fj{hlgs jf ;fd\"lxs p2]Zo k\"lt{sf nflu s'g}6«i6sf ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf];+:yfut hUufnfO{ u'7L hUuf elgG5 . u'7L zAbsf]  pTklQ ;+:s[t zAbsf] …uf]i7LÚ af6 ePsf] xf ] . o;sf] cy{ …kl/ifb\\Ú eGg] hgfpFb5 . g]kfndf d7 dlGb/jf b]jfnodf k\"hfcfhf ug{sf nflu tyf 44÷gk] fn kl/ro

wfld{s w/f]x/x¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;|f]tsf ¿kdf pknAw u/fOPsf] hUuf u'7Lsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g \\ . g]kfndf ljz]if u/L kz'kltgfy, hoafu]Zj/L, /fdhfgsL dlGb/h:tf w]/} d7dlGb/sf u'7L hUufx¿ 5g\\  . o:tf hUufaf6 lgoldt ¿kdf cfDbfgL k|fKt eO/xg] ePsfn] wfld{s lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ tyf d7 dlGb/agfpg Pjd\\ hL0ff]{4f/ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5  . o:tf u'7Ldf vf;u/]/ /fhu'7L, b'lgofF u'7L, lkns/fgf u'7L, as; u'7L cflb a9L dfqfdf kfOG5g\\ . g]kfndf e\"ld;'wf/P]g, @)@! cg';f/;a}lsl;dsf u'7LnfO{ lgoGq0f tyf Joj:y fkg ug{sf nflu u'7L ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5  . lsk6 el\" d g]k fnsf] kj\" L{ kxf8L efudf o:t f] el\" d ky| f k|rlnt lyof]  . o:t f hUufdf ko| f]ustf{n] s/ ltg'{kbg{}   . kY[ jLgf/f o0f zfxn] kj\" s{ f /fO{ tyf lnDa\" hfltx¿nfO{ lsk6 hUuf kb| fg u/]s f lyP . o;/L lsk6 hUuf kf| Kt u/]s f tL If]qsf hgtfn] cfjZos k/s] f] avt ;/sf/n fO{ jf /fhfnfO{ ;xof]u kb| fg ug{'kb{Yof]  . o:tf] hUuf cGo JolQmnfO{ a]R g dgfxL ul/Psf] lyof]  . t/ lj=;+= @)@! df el\" d;'wf/ nfu' ePkl5 o:t f] hUuf /}s/ hUuf ;/x lsgar] ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/of ] . gk] fndf pknAw df6f]sf ks| f/ -s_ kfu“ f] df6f] t/fO{ k|b]z / aF;] Ldf kfFuf] df6f] kfOG5  . gbLn] yk' f/s] f] df6f] / afn'jfdf s'lxPsf] emf/k ft;d]t ldnL aGg] of] df6fdf afnj' f / lrD6] df6fsf] dfqf sl/a a/fa/ xG' 5  . o; lsl;dsf] df6fd] f r'g, km:k mf]/; / kf6] f; cflb vlgh tTjsf]ld>0f xG' 5 . o;n}  ] of] df6f]sl[ if sfos{ f nflu pQd dflgG5 . wfg, ;gkf6, pv,' ;'tL,{ tn]  xg cflb of]df6fd]  f Hofb};lk|G5 . -v_ anf}6] kTyl/n f] df6f] efa/ kb| ]z, leqL dw]; / r/' ] kxf8df o; lsl;dsf] df6f] kfOG5  . of] df6f] gbLåf/f hDdf ePsf afn'jf, sª\\s8, kTy/h:tf vs' n' f v;f| kbfy{ ldnL ags] f] xG' 5  . dlnnf] df6f]sf] cg'kft / hl} js kbfy{ sd xg' ] of] df6fd] f kfgL c8\\b}g / df6fs] f] pj{/f zlQm klg clt sd xG' 5  . o:tf] df6f]df l;FrfO ug{ sl7g x'G5  . of] sl[ if sfo{sf nflu tNnf] :t/s f] df6f] xf,] t/ ;fn, l;;f} cflb cfly{s bl[ i6n] dxŒjk\"0f{ ¿vx¿ o:t f] df6fd] f Hofb} ;lkg| ] x'bF f o:tf] df6f]sf] clwsf+z efu hª\\unn]9flsPsf] 5 . g]kfn kl/ro÷45

-u_ /f tf] km;' f| ] df6f] dxfef/tsf 7f8f le/x¿df 6'lqmPsf r§fgdf ;8s] f emf/k ft ldn/]  ag]sf] df6fn] fO{ /ftf] km;' f| ] df6f] elgG5  . o; df6fs] f] hl} js kbfy{ / cfh] gLs[t kmnfdsf] dfqf sd xg' ] x'Fbf o; Ifq] sf] df6fs] f] /ª /f tf], km';f| ] jf kx]nF f] x'G5  . rg\" , gfO6«f]h g / km:kmf/] ;h:tf vlgh tTj sd xg' ] / df6f]sf] ulx/fO klg sd x'g]xb'F f o; lsl;dsf]df6fd]  f wfg, pv,' ;gkf6, ;t\" L{ cflb vt] L k|foM ul/Fbg}   . t/ o:t f] df6f]df cDn, kmnfdh:tf vlgh tŒj xg' ] x'Fbf kmnkm\"n, lrof, cfn', ds}, sf]bfsf] v]tL ug{ of] pkof]uL xG' 5  . -3_ tno} f df6f] pkTosfsf tfn ;s' /]  ags] f] df6fn] fO{ tno} f df6f] elgG5  . o; lsl;dsf] df6fd] f kz| :t ;8s] f emf/k ft ldns] f] xbF' f df6fs] f] /ª sfnf] xG' 5  . df6fs] f] ulx/f O a9L xg' sf ;fy} hl} js kbfy{ klg kz| :t xg' ] xbF' f tno} f df6f] sl[ ifsf nflu ;jfQ{] d dflgG5  . vf; u/L of] df6fd] f wfg, ux,F' ;fukft /f d/| L ;lkG| 5g \\ . o; lsl;dsf] df6fd] f sd jiffd{ f klg vt] L ug{ ;lsG5  . sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf o:t} df6f] kfOG5  . -ª_ lxdfnL df6f] lxdgbLn] y'kf/s] f] df6f,] afn'jf, sª\\s8, kTy/ cflb ldn/]  lxdfnL df6f] aGb5  . vf;u/L g]kfnsf] leqL / pRr lxdfnL Ifq] sf] km]bLdf o; lsl;dsf] df6f] kfOG5  . xfjfkfgL 7G8f / z'is xg' ] tyf df6f]sf] ulx/f O Pjd\\ h}ljs kbfy{ sd xg' ] xb' fF o;sf] pj{/f zlQm Go\"g xG' 5  . of] df6f]d f ds,} hf}, cfn,' kmfk/h:tf afnLdfq nufOG5  . !=$=@ g]k fndf el\" d;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:y f / ep\" kofu] e\"ld / ep\" kofu] M e\"ld eGgfn] kY[ jLsf] ;tx, ;tx eGbf l;wf tn k[YjLsf] sG] b| ;Dd /;tx eGbf dfly k[YjLsf] u?' Tjfsif{0fn] e]6 g\\ ] ;Ldf ;Ddsf] efu ;Demgk' 5,{ -ep\" kofu] Pg] , @)&^_  . ep\" kofu] eGgfn] hUufsf] pkofu] cg;' f/ ljleGg If]qdf ljleGg ks| f/n] hUufsf] ljefhg u/L k|of]u df Nofpg] ks| [of xf]  . dn' s' sf] cfly{s ljsf;df bt'| t/ult Nofpg el\" daf6 lgliqmo kFh' L /hg;ªV\\ ofsf] ef/lemsL cy{ Joj:y fsf] cGo If]qdf nufpg / sl[ if of]Uo e\"ldsf] Gofofl] rt ljt/0f /s[lif ;DalGw cfjZos 1fg /;fwg ;n' e u/fO{ e\"lddf cfl>t jf:t ljs ls;fgx¿sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg, sl[ if pTkfbgdf clwstd j[l4 ug{ k|fT] ;fxg kb} fg u/L ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;l' jwf / cflys{ lxt sfod /f Vg el\" dsf] plrt Joj:yfkg u/L ul/jL Go\"gLs/0 f u/L ;du| cflys{ ljsf; ug{ el\" d ;DalGw g]kfndf ljleGg sfg'gL Joj:y f ljBdfg 5g\\ . 46÷g]kfn kl/r o

-!_ gk] fnsf] ;+ljwfg M gk] fnsf] jtd{ fg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @% df dfl} ns xs cGtut{ …;DklQsf] xsÚsf] pkwf/f -$_ df el\" dsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj jl[ 4 ug{,sl[ ifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / Joj;foLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, Jojl:yt cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf; ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu /fHon] sfgg' adfl] hd el\" d ;'wf/, Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug{ ;Sg] 5 eGg] :ki6 k|fjwfg /x]sf]5  . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %! df /fHosf gLltx¿ cGtu {t sl[ if / e\"ld;w' f/ gLlt lgDgfg;' f/ /x]sf5] , h;df M -!_ el\" ddf /xs] f] bf]xf/] f] :jfldTj cGTo ub{} ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /f vL j1} flgs el\" d;'wf/ ug,]{ -@_ cg'kl:yt e\":jfldTjnfO{ lg?T;flxt ub{} hUufsf] rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj jl[ 4 ug{,] -#_ ls;fgsf] xs lxt ;+/I f0f / ;+jwg{ ub}{ sl[ ifsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg ep\" kofu] gLltsf] cjnDag u/L el\" dsf] Joj:y fkg / sl[ ifsf] Jofj;foLs/0f, cfB} f]lusLs/0f, ljljwLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f ug],{ -$_ el\" dsf] pTkfbgzLntf, k|sl[ t tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gtn' g ;d]tsf cfwf/d f lgodg / Joj:yfkg ub}{ To;sf] ;d'lrt pkofu] ug{], -%_ s[ifssf nflu sl[ if ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d\"No /ahf/d f kx'Frsf]  Joj:yf ug ]{ . @_ e\"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! dn' s' sf]cfly{s ljsf;df bt'| t/ult Nofpg e\"ldaf6 lgliqmo kF'hL / hg;ª\\Vofsf] ef/ l´sL cy{ Joj:y fsf] cGo If]qdf nufpg, s[lif of]Uo el\" dsf] Gofofl] rt ljt/0f / s[lif;DaGwL cfjZos 1fg / ;fwg ;'ne u/f O{ el\" ddf cfl>t jf:tljs ls;fgx¿sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg / s[lif pTkfbgdf clwstd al[ 4 ug{ kf| ]T;fxg kb| fg u/L ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf / cflys{ lxt sfod /fVg of] Pg] agfOPsf] xf ] . el\" d;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df !! cf]6f kl/R5]b / ^$ cf]6f bkmf /x ]s f 5g  . lhldGbf/L pGdn\" g, hUufsf] xbaGbL tf]lsPsf] 5, hUufsf] ljs|L ljt/0f;DaGwL Joj:y f, df]xL;DaGwL Joj:y f, s\"tsf] Joj:y f / ed\" L;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ cfofu] u7g ug{ ;Sg] h:t f Joj:y f 5g\\ . of]Pg] lj=;=+ @)@! ;fndf cfPkl5 ;dofg's'n ¿kdf lj=;+= @)&^ ;Dd & -;ft_ k6s ;+zfw]  g ePsf] 5 . #_ e\"pkofu] Pg] , @)&^ el\" dsf] juL{s/0 f, ;d'lrt pkofu] / ke| fjsf/L Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 gk] fn kl/ro÷47

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tyf ;fjh{ lgs vt] L ug{ tfl] sP adfl] hdsf] Ifq] kmnsf lsQf hUuf PsLs/0 f u/L dGqfno, kb| z] ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txn] rfSnfaGbL sfoq{ md ug{ u/fpg ;Sg] 5  . bkmf !! df adfl] hd s[lif If]qdf a;f]af; / k\"jfw{ f/ lgdf{0f ug{ aGbh] nufOPsf] 5  . bkmf !@ df adf]lhd cfjf;Lo ko| fh] gdf afxs] juLs{ /0f u/L 38/] L ljsf; ljsf; ug{ gkfOg] / hUufsf] v08Ls/0f x'gaf6 /f]Sg] Joj:yf 5  . ;ª3\\ , kb| z] / :yfgLotxdf ep\" kofu] kl/i fbs\\ f] Joj:y fsf ;fy} kl/i fbx\\ ¿sf] sfd, stJ{ o / clwsf/s f] Joj:Yff ul/Psf] 5  . Pg] sf] bkmf @! df el\" d as+} sf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] Joj:Yff /xs] f] 5  . bkmf @@ df sl[ if ofU] o hldgsf] clwstd pkofu] ugn]{ fO{ tLg txs} ;/s f/af6 kf| T] ;fxfgsf] Joj:Yff /xs] f] 5  . ep\" kofu] P]g , @)&^ n] ep\" kof]u Ifq] gS;f tof/ ug{' kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5  . of] P]g adf]lhd hUufwgL ;|]:t f / kd| f0fk\"hf{ cBfjlws ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5  . of] P]gdf hUufsf] v08Ls/0f lgoGq0f tyf rSnfaGbL ug{] / 38]/L ljsl;t ug{ gkfOg], hUufsf] d\"Nofs+ g / s/s f] lgwf/{ 0f ubf{ e\"pkofu] juLs{ /0 f cg';f/ ug'{kg]{ kf| jwfg 5g \\ . g]kfndf el\" d;DaGwL cGo sx] L P]g, lgod / cfofu] u7g cfbz] x¿ M l :y fgLo ;/s f/ ;+rfng Pg] , @)&$ l ep\" kof]u gLlt, @)&@ l el\" d;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)@! l e\"ld;DaGwL ;d:o f ;dfwfg ug{ u7g cfbz]  , @)&^ dfly pNnl] vt ;Dk0\" f{ sfgg' x¿sf] kd| v' p2Z] o g} el\" dsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf, u0' f:t l/o tfdf / pkofl] utfdf jl[ 4 NofO{ ;du| gful/ssf] hLjg:t/ ;w' fg{] / dn' s' sf] cflys{ jl[ 4 / cflys{ ljsf; ug{] /x s] f] 5  . oL dflysf ljifo Pjd\\ Ifq] x¿sf] Joj:y f ePdf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xg' ] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5  . !=$=# jg s'g} 7fpFsf] ew\" /ftn, xfjfkfgL, df6f] cflbn] To; :yfgsf] jg:k ltnfO{ k|efljt ub5{ g \\ . xfjfkfgLn] jg:kltnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ x'bfF oL b'O{lar cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw /x s] f] 5  . gk] fnsf] jftfj/0fLo ;/+ If0f / ;Gtn' gdf jg ;Dkbfsf] dxŒjk\"0f{ :yfg 5  . ;g\\ !(%$ sf] tYofªs\\ cg';f/ b]z sf] $% kl| tzteGbf a9L ee\" fu jg hª\\unn] 9fs]sf] lyof] t/ ;g\\ !(&( lt/ $# k|ltzt, ;g\\ !(*^ df #&=$ kl| tzt / ;g\\ !((* df ul/Psf] Ps ;j{]If0fn] jg If]q s]jn #(=^ k|ltzt /xs] fd] f ;g\\ @)!$ sf] jg ;j]{If0fn] jgIfq] $$=&$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] tYo b]vfPsf] 5  . ljutdf cfjf; tyf kg' jf;{ sf nflu w/] } 7fpFx¿df 50÷g]kfn kl/r o

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hftsf ¿vx¿ ;lkg| ;Sb}gg\\  . n]sfnL jg:kltdWo] sd prfOsf u'/f;F , lgufn] / s]xL emf8Lh:tf ¿vx¿ #,^)) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf kfOG5g\\ eg]Tofe] Gbfdfly 3fF;sf 7n' f 7'nf kmfF6x¿ kfOG5g\\ . dflyNnf] efudf /ªu\\ Lla/ªu\\ Lsf a'sLkmn\" , h8La6' Lx¿ kfOG5g\\  . -ª_ zLt d?e\"ldsf] jg:k lt (Tundra Vegetaion) gk] fndf %,))) ld6/s f] prfOeGbfdfly lxpF kg{]x F'bf oxfF jg:kltx¿ pldg| g;Sg] ePsfn] lxpF gcl8g] le/f nf] 7fpFdf sfO{ / np] dfq kfOG5g\\  . pldg| / x'sg{ g;Sg] o:tf] 7fpdF f pd]|sf np] / emo\\ fpnfO{ 60' 8«f jg:klt jf zLt d?el\" dsf] jg:klt elgG5  . !=$=$ vlgh kY[ jLleq /x s] f tfdf, sfO] nf, rg' 9ª' u\\ f, k6] f« l] nod kbfy,{ Uof;F , v/L , u?] , l;;f, DofUg;] fO6, :n 6] cflbnfO{ vlgh elgG5  . gk] fn kf| sl[ ts ;f| t] / ;fwgn] ;DkGg dn' s' xf]  . cflys{ jif{ @)^%÷@)^^ df o; Ifq] sf] sn' ufx:{ Yo pTkfbgdf )=%$ kl| tzt ofu] bfg /xs] f] lyof ] . gk] fndf vlghsf] pTvggsf nflu ul/P sf] ko| f;sf] Oltxf; Tolt nfdf] 5g}   . vlgh kbfys{ f] pTvggnfO{ cem ke| fjsf/L agfpgsf nflu lj=;= @)@$ df efu} les{ ljefusf] :yfkgf ul/o f ] . oBlk, bz] sf] eu\" ed{ f /x s] f vlgh kbfyn{ fO{ pkofu] ug{ ;lsPsf] 5g}   . tflnsf g+= !=( gk] fndf vlgh ;fwgsf ;DefJo If]q qm= pknAw vlgh kfOg] :y fgx¿ ;+= vlgh ! kmnfd kmn\" rfs] L, 7f];,] lrtjg, sn' ]vfgL, eF};], Ko'7fg, aemfª, 8f]6L, hGt/, nAwL, kmlkª{ @ tfdf tfdfvfgL, ;LdfvfgL, sn' v] fgL, a4' vfn] f, jfK;f, afxl| a;,] dfkmf,{ aGbLk/' , cfv]  n9ª' u\\ f, Onfd8f8F f, DofUbL . # cev| efh] k/' , 8f6] L, rg} k'/, l;Gw'nLu9L, Hofld/,] lga'jf ufpF , /;j' f, aemfª, ndhª' , uf;] fOs'0F 8, ;'Gb/Lhn $ rg' 9'ªu\\ f rf]ef/, e}F;,] wgs'6f, df/] ª , lrtjg, dsjfgk/' , kfNkf, % l;;f uf]bfj/L , ;v' {t] 52÷g]kfn kl/ro u0fz] lxdfn, km\"nrf]sL, dsjfgk'/, afUn'ª, dfkm{,' uNsf]6, ltKnLª, at} 8L

^ h:t f u0fz] lxdfn, kmn\" rf]sL, dfh/]  vf]n f, gfDkf & uGws lr;fkfgL u9L, uf;] fOs0' 8, a/f xIfq] * v/L l;Gwk' fNrf]s, vf]6 fª, efh] k/'  ( :n ]6 aGbLk/' , afUdtL, n'lDagL, u08sL, hgsk'/ !) dfjn{ uf]bfj/L, dxfef/t kj{t zª[ v\\ nf !! u]? l;Gwk' fNrf]s, rft} f/f !@ sf]O nf bfª, ;Nofg, rft} f/f , lrtjg, dsjfgk/' , sf7df8f}F pkTosf sfO] nfaf;, gk] fnu~h, wgu9L, d'lQmgfy, b}n]v , Ko7' fg, !# k]6«f]lnod bfª / t/fO{, r'/] kxf8, dxfef/t sf] lj:t [t If]q kmndf kfOg] ;Defjgf lgs} /x s] f]  . !$ Uof;F t/f Os{ f] lj:t t[ ee\" fu, d:' tfª Ifq] / sf7df8fF} pkTosf !% ;g' ;'gsf;] L, a'9Lu08sL, l/p vf]nf, sfnLu08sLsf] au/, a]l/ª , sf;] L gbLdf Kn;] / ;g' kfOPsf] 5  . !^ rfbF L lr;fkfgL u9L, afUn'ª, kmn\" rfs] L !& sf]jfN6 kfNkf, u'NdL, c3f{vfFrL, wgs'6f !* ;f]8f ;Nofg, 8f6] L /; j' f, :ofka|' ;F] L !( l;wg] \"g, jL/]g\"g lgcfj] /] ; / @) cGo kTy/ uf/] v f, 88]N w'/f , hfh/sf6] -b'n{e wft'_ @! lgsn] vf]slnª, gfDkf, 6'ªyfª, efn] {] @@ DofUg;] fO6 bfn] vfsf] vl/9 ª' u\\ f, pbok/' sf] sDo3' f6, d:' t fªsf] gg\" vfgL !=$=% hn;f| ]t gk]  fn ;db' L| ;l' jwfaf6 jl~rt eP klg hn;Dkbfsf] bl[ i6n] af| lhnkl5 ljZjsf]  gk] fn kl/r o÷53

bf;] f| ] ;ae} Gbf ;d4[ / Pl;ofsf] klxnf] /fi6« dflgG5  . gk] fndf ^ xhf/eGbf a9L gbLgfnf 5g \\ . gk]  fnsf tLg 7n' f gbLx¿ sf;]  L, u08sL /s0ffn{ Lsf] hne08f/ Ifdtf ! nfv $* xhf/Sol' js ld6/cyft{ sn' hne08f/Ifdtfsf] &$ kl| tzt /x s] f] 5  . sn' hnljBt' \\ pTkfbg Ifdtf sl/a *# xhf/ du] fjf6 /xs] f] 5  . gk] fnsf ;fgf 7n' f gbLx¿sf] kj| fx, hne08f/ / pkofl] utfsf bl[ i6n] gbLx¿nfO{ lgDgfg;' f/ tLg >0] fLdf juLs{ /0f ug{ ;lsG5M -s_ klxnf] :t /sf gbL lxdfnsf] lxpF kUn/]  jf lxdfnoaf6 pTklQ eO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf 7n' f hn/flzsf ;fy k|jflxt x'g] ;Ktsf]; L, ;Ktu08sL / s0ffn{ Lh:tf 7n' f gbLx¿ klxnf] :t/sf gbL xg'  \\ . o:tf gbL 7n' f hnljB't\\ / l;rF fO cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu pkofu] L dflgG5g\\  . -v_ bf;] f| ] :t/sf gbL lxdfno kj{teGbf tnsf] dxfef/t kjt{ >0] fLaf6 pTklQ eO{ slxNo} g;'Sg] lg/Gt/¿kdf hnkj| flxt xg' ] ePtf klg jifft{ df a9L kfgL x'g] t/lxpFbdf kfgLsf] dfqf lgSs} 36g\\ ] dr] L, sgsfO{, lqo'uf, sdnf, afUdtL, jf0fuª\\uf, ltgfp, /fKtL, aaO{, dfx] gf cflb bf;] |f] :t /s f gbLx¿ xg'  \\ . -u_ t]>f]: t/s f gbL lzjflns kjt{ dfnf r/' ] kxf8af6 pTklt eO{ dg;g' df lgs} 7n' f] ¿k lng] / lxpbF df lgs} sd xg' ] jf ;S' g] c:y foL ks| l[ tsf gbLx¿ t;] f| ] :t/sf gbLx¿ xg'  \\ . o:tf gbLx¿df l;l;o{ f, ltnfa,]  hdg' L, xlbg{ fy, 88F' j' f, chg{' vfn] f kb5{ g \\ . o:t f gbLx¿ j;v{] t] L tyf cNksfnLg l;rF fOsf nflu pkofu] L xg' ] ub5{ g \\ . !=$=^ tfn, s'08 / kf]v /Lx¿ ltlnrf] tfn ltlnrf] tfn ;d'b|;txbl] v $,(!( ld6/sf] prfOdf kmfSr] lxdfnsf] sfvdf /xs] f] 5  . of] dgf/] d tfn d:' tfªsf] ;fwF df cGgk0\" f{ lxdfnsf] pQ/L e]s dgfª lhNnfdf kb5{  . of] tfnsf] nDafO sl/a $ ls=ld= tyf rf8} fO !=@ ls=ld= / ulx/fO sl/a @)) ld6/ /x]sf] 5  . o; tfnnfO{ ltl/–rf] jf ltlnhf] klg elgG5  . o; tfnsf] pQ/lt/ lgnlu/L / blIf0ftkm{ cGgk0\" f{ lxdfno kb{5  . lxp,F hn tyf 9ª' u\\ fsf] ;f}Gbod{ f v'ns] f] x'gfn] of] tfn cToGt} dgdfx] s 5  . /f/f tfn du' ' lhNnfdf cjl:yt of] tfn gk] fnsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] tfnsf] ¿kdf kl| ;4 5  . o;sf] nDafO %=@ ls=ld=, rf8}  fO @=$ ls=ld= /ulx/fO !^& ld6/5 . of] ;db' | 54÷gk] fn kl/r o

/f /f tfn, du' ' ;txbl] v @,(() ld6/ prfOdf /xs] f] 5 / o;nfO{ dxG] bt| fn klg elgG5  . kmf]S;G' 8f] tfn kmfS] ;G' 8f] tfn 8fN] kf lhNnfdf cjl:yt 5  . sflGh/f j] f lxdfnsf] blIf0f kmb] tyf e/] Lsf] dV' o zfvf hubN' nf vfn] fsf] l;/fg sfudf/f ns] sf] sfvdf cjl:y t kmfS] ;0' 8f] tfn ;db' | ;xtbl] v sl/a #,^!# ld6/s f] prfODff cjl:yt 5  . of] tfn pQ/ blIf0ftkm{ nfdf] Pjd\\ kj\" k{ lZrdtkm{ rf8} f bl] vG5  . of] tfnsf] nDafO sl/a $=*@ ls=ld= tyf rf8} fO !=^! ls=ld= /xs] f] 5  . o; tfnsf] :yfgLo gfd …l/U dfÚ]  xf ] . of] tfn tLgsg' ] nfDrf] cfsf/sf] 5  . of] tfn /f /f tfnkl5sf] bf;] f| ] 7n' f] / dn' s' sf] ;ae} Gbf ulx/f] tfn xf ] . of] tfnsf] kfgL cToGt} lr;f] ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ o; tfndf sg' } lsl;dsf hLjfTdf kfObF g} g \\ . o; tfnsf] lgsf;sf] ¿kdf /x s] f] ;n' Luf8 vfn] fdf sl/a !&^ ld6/s f] em/g f klg 5  . R5f] /f ]Nkf tfn of] tfn bfn] vf lhNnfdf kb{5  . of] ;d'b| ;txb]l v $,%*) ld6/s f] prfOdf cjl:y t 5 . o; tfnsf] nDafO # ls=ld=, rf}8 fO )=% ls=ld=/ulx/fO !)) ld6/ /x]sf] 5  . of] tfndf sl/a * s/f ]8 3gld6/ kfgL /x s] f] cg'dfg 5  . lj:kmf6] g x'g] vt/fdf /x ]sf] o; tfnnfO{ lj:kmf]6gaf6 arfpg kfgL aflx/ lgsfNg ;fOkmg h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . kmj] f tfn sf:s L lhNnfsf] kf]v/fdf /x ]sf] km]jftfnsf] nDafO $=* ls=ld=,rf8} fO !=% ls=ld=/ ulx/f O @$ dL= /xs] f] 5  . of] tfndf df5fk'R5s«] f] 5fof bl] vg] x'gfn] a8f] dgdf]xs xg' fsf] ;fy} ko6{ sLo bl[ i6sf0] fn] dxŒjk\"0f{ 5 . g]k fn kl/ro÷55

/fgL kfv] /L /f gL kfv] /L , sf7df8fF} /fhf kt| fk dNnn] k'q zf]sn] kLl8t cfˆgL /f gL cgGtlko| fnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbnfpgsf nflu /fgL kf]v/Lsf] lgdf0{ f u/]sf lyP  . of] kfv] /Lsf] nDafO !*) ld6/, rf}8fO !$) ld6/ / Ifq] kmn emG8} #@ /fk] gL 5  . o; kf]v/L sf] pQ/k j\" { / pQ/k lZrd s'gfdf e}/j, blIf0fk\"j{ sg' fdf dxfnIdL / blIf0fklZrd s'gfdf ;f¥] x xft] u0f]z :y fkgf ul/Psf] 5  . 6f}bx 6fb} x, sf7df8fF} 56÷gk] fn kl/r o

sf7df8fF} pkTosf hndo ePsf] cj:y fdf dGh'>Ln] v8u\\ n] sf6/]  jf eujfg >Lsi[ 0fn] rqm k|xf/ u/L rfe] f/sf] uN5L sf6]/  kfgL aflx/ k7fPkl5 oxfFsf gfux¿ klg aflx/ hfg'kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsfn] ] rf]ef/ et\" v]n eGg] 7fpFdf kf]v/L agfO{ ;fx] L 7fpFdf gfux¿sf /fhf ssf6{] snfO{ a:g] 7fpF lbOPsfn] ] 6fb} xnfO{ ssf]6{ s gfusf] jf:f :y fg klg elgG5  . of] *$ /f]kgL hnIf]q;lxt (^ /fk] gL hUufdf km}l nPsf] 5  . bh{gfF} k|sf/sf kIfLx¿ oxfF kfOg] xbF' f r/fx¿sf] cWoog /cg';Gwfgsf nflu of] 7fpF cfs{ifs 5 . 3f8] f3f8] L tfn s}nfnL lhNnfcGt{ut dxG] b| /f hdfu{sf] pQ/tkm{ xTs]n fsf] cfsf/df !=% xS] 6/ Ifq] kmndf km}lnPsf] 3f]8f3f]8L tfn /x]sf] 5  . o; tfnsf] larlardf rf/k frF cf6] f y'Dsf y'DsLx¿ ag]sf 5g\\  . of] tfnsf] 5]pdf 3f]8 f3f]8L dlGb/ /x ]sf]n] ;f]xL dlGb/sf] cfwf/df tfnsf] gfds/0f ul/Psf] xf]  . of] tfnsf] 5p] sf] hª\\undf bn' {e kIfL wgz] sf cltl/Qm cgs] fF} kz'kIfLx¿ kfOG5g \\ . tfnleq df5f, uf]xL, s5j' f cflb kzk' IfLx¿ kfOG5g \\ . a]ugf; tfn au] gf; tfn, sf:s L ¿kftfn;Fu} kre}of 8fF8fsf] csf]{ kfvfdf a]ugf; tfn /x]sf] 5  . ;d'b|L ;txaf6 ^&& ld6/ prfOdf cjl:yt &=% ld= ulx/f] of] tfn @@% x]S6/df km}lnPsf] 5  . uf];fOFs0' 8 hg}kl\" 0f{dfsf] lbg dn] f eg{ xhf/f}F wdf{jnDaLx¿ cfpg] ;fy} wfld{s tLy{:ynsf] ¿kdf ;dt] kl/l rt /xs] f] uf;] fOsF 0' 8 afUdtL k|b]zsf] /;j' f lhNnfdf kb{5  . g]kfn kl/r o÷57

lxdfnL sfnf] s8f r§fgdf lgdn{ hno'Qm of] tfn ;db' | ;txaf6 sl/a $,#^) ld6/ prfOdf /x ]sf] 5  . ;\"os{ '08 -k\"j_{ / pQ/L em/gfaf6 uf]; fO{s0' 8 aGg k'us] f] xf ] . ¿kf tfn sf:sL lhNnf kfv] /fsf] k\"j{ pQ/L efudf kre}of kjt{ sf] kmb] df ¿kf tfn 5  . ;d'bL| ;txaf6 &)! ld6/s f] prfOdf cjl:yt $=% ld6/ ulx/f O ePsf] ¿kf tfn !@) xS] 6/ If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] 5  . of] tfndf xfn dT:okfng u/L cfly{s nfe lng yflnPsf] 5 . tflnsf g+=!=!) g]kfnsf s]xL kl| ;4 tfn, s0' 8 / kf]v /Lx¿ qm=;=+ tfn, s'08, kfv] /L :yfg -lhNnf_ ! /f /f tfn d'u' @ kmj] f tfn sf:sL # ¿kf tfn sf:sL $ d}b L tfn sf:s L % au] gf; tfn sf:s L ^ z–] kmfS] ;G' 8f] jf l/Ud tfn 8fN] kf & la;xhf/ tfn, gGbefph\" lrtjg tfn * u}8 xjf tfn ¿kGbx] L ( nf}; f tfn ¿kGbx] L !) ;ux| jf tfn ¿kGbx] L !! hflv/f tfn slknj:t ' !@ 3f8] f3f]8 L tfn s}nfnL !# an' a'n] tfn ;v' t]{ !$ hubLzk'/ tfn slknj:t ' !% /f gL tfn s~rgk'/ !^ lemnldnf tfn s~rgk/'  58÷g]kfn kl/r o

!& lt/L 5f] -ltlnrf]_ tfn dgfª !* vKt8 bx c5fd !( uf;] fO{s'08 /;'jf @) OGb;| /f ]j / dsjfgk'/ @! 6f}bx sf7df8fF} @@ /fgLkf]v/L sf7df8f}F @# gfubx sf7df8f}F @$ uª\\uf;fu/ wg'iff @% dxf/fhf ;'GjifL{ kfv] /L df/] ª @^ dfOlbof kf]v /L k;f{ @& ;'df{ ;/fj] / aemfª @* kGrf;] tfn :ofªh\\ f, kjt{ / sf:sL @( lu/L bx h'Dnf #) ;g' f bx 8fN] kf / afUn'ª lhNnfsf] ;Ldf Ifq] #! u'kmf kf]v/L , ;efkfv] /L ;ªv\\ 'jf;ef #@= dfO{ kfv] /L Onfd !=% gk] fnsf] hg;ªV\\ of g]k fndf ljqmd ;+jt\\ !(^* -;g\\ !(!!_ b]lv hgu0fgf ug]{ sfo{ ;'? ePsf] xf]  . To;kl5 nueu k|Tos] !)÷!) jif{sf] cGt/d f hgu0fgf sfoq{ md ;~rfng xbF' } cfPsf] 5 . lj=;+= !((* ;Dd ;~rfng ePsf hgu0fgf ;fdfGo JolQm u0fgf (Head Count) sf ¿kdf dfq ;Lldt lyP eg]lj=;+= @))(÷!! -;g\\ !(%@÷%$_ bl]v ;~rfng ePsf hgu0fgfx¿ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf tn' gfofU]o cfw'lgs -j1} flgs_ hgu0fgf dflgG5g\\ . o; qmddf lj=;+= @)^* sf]/fli6o« hgu0fgf g]kfnsf] P3f/fF} / hgu0fgfsf] Oltxf;df !)) jifs{ f] hgu0fgf xf ] . c;f/ * ut]nfO{ hgu0fgf lbj; (Census Day) dflgPsf] 5 . /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\\Vof @,^$,($,%)$ /x]sf] 5 ., h;dWo]k'?if $*=%) k|ltzt -!,@*,$(,)$!_ /dlxnf %!=% k|ltzt !,#^,$%,$^#_ /x]sf 5g \\ . o; cg';f/ n}ª\\lus cg'kft (Sex Ratio) ($=!^ /x]sf] 5  . hg;ª\\ofsf] jflif{s j[l4b/ klg 36\\b} uPsf] 5  . @)%* gk] fn kl/ro÷59

;fnsf] hgu0fgfn] hg;ª\\Vofsf] j[l4b/ @=@% k|ltzt b]vfPsf] lyof] eg] @)^* sf] hgu0fgfn] hg;ª\\Vof j[l4b/ !=#% k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] tYo k|sfzdf NofPsf]5 . @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg;' f/ lxdfnL Ifq] sf] hg;ª\\Vof !&,*!,&(@ -^=&# kl| tzt_ 5 eg] kxf8L If]qsf] !,!#,($,))& -$# k|ltzt_ / t/f Osf] hg;ª\\Vof !,##,!*,&)% -%)=@& kl| tzt_ /xs] f] 5  . To;}u/L ljsf; If]qcg;' f/ k\"jf~{ rndf %*,!!,%%% -@!=(# kl| tzt_, dWodf~rndf (^,%^,(*% -#^=$% k|ltzt_, klZrdf~rndf $(,@^,&^% -!*=^) kl| tzt_, dWoklZrdf~rndf #%,$^,^*@ -!#=#( kl| tzt_ /;b' /\" k lZrdf~rndf @%,%@,%!& -(=^# kl| tzt_ hg;ª\\Vof /xs] f] tYo pQm hgu0fgfn] b]vfPsf] 5  . lhNnfut hg;ª\\Vof ljt/0fsf] n]vfhf]vf ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L sf7df8f}F lhNnfdf -!&,$$,@$)_ /x]sf] 5 eg] To;kl5 bf];|f] / t];|f] :yfg qmdzM df]/ª -(,^%,#&)_ / ¿kGb]xL -*,*),!(^_ n] cf]u6]sf 5g\\  . csf]{tkm{, ;a}e Gbf sd hg;ª\\Vof x'g]tLg lhNnfx¿df qmdzM dgfª -^,%#*_, d':t fª -!#,$%@_ /8f]Nkf lhNnf -#^,&))_ kb{5g\\ . gk] fndf ;x/Ls/0 fsf] kl| qmof a9b\\ } uPsf] kfOG5  . gk] fndf xfn @&^ gu/k flnsfx¿ 5g \\ . gu/k flnsfleq a;fa] f; ug{] hg;ªV\\ ofnfO{ ;x/L hg;ªV\\ ofsf] ¿kdf kl/e flift ul/Psf] 5  . o:t } hg;ªV\\ ofsf] bl[ i6sf0] fn] sf7df8fF} dxfgu/kflnsf (,&%,$%#, kfv] /f dxfgu/k flnsf $,!$,!$!, nlntk/'  dxfgu/k flnsf @,*$,(@@, e/t k/'  dxfgu/k flnsf -@,*),%)@_, jL/u~h dxfgu/kflnsf @,$),(@@ / lj/f 6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf @,!$,^^# qmdzM klxnf,] bf;] f| ,] t;] f| ,] rfy} f,] kfrfF} / 56} fF} 7n' f ;x/sf ¿kdf /x s] f 5g \\ . gk] fnsf] ;fIf/tfsf] l:y ltdf klg lgs} k|ult ePsf] kfOG5  . @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ ;fIf/t f b/ -% jif{ / ;f]e Gbfdflysf] hg;ªV\\ of_ ^%=( kl| tzt 5  . !) jif{ cufl8 ;fIf/tf b/ %$ k|ltztdfq} lyof]  . o:t} k?' if ;fIf/tf b/ &%=! k|ltzt / dlxnf ;fIf/t f b/ %&=$ k|ltzt ku' s] f] 5  . o;}u/L , ;fIf/tf b/kj\" f{~rndf ^^=!@ k|ltzt, dWodf~rndf ^#=(@ k|ltzt, klZrdf~rndf &)=(* kl| tzt, dWoklZrdf~rndf ^$=@! kl| tzt /;'b/\" klZrdf~rndf ^#=$* kl| tzt /x ]s f] 5  . lhNnfut cfwf/df sf7df8fF} lhNnf *^=# kl| tzt ;fIf/t f b/;lxt klxnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 eg] xD' nf lhNnf -$&=* k|ltzt_ clGtd :y fgdf kg{ uPsf] 5 . hg;ª\\Vofsf] j[l4b/, ef}uf]lns, If]q ut tyf lhNnfut ljj/0f, u|fdL0f tyf ;x/L hg;ªV\\ ofsf] ljj/0 f cflb tnsf tflnsfx¿df lbOPsf] 5  . 60÷gk] fn kl/ro

tflnsf g=+ !=!! hg;ªV\\ of kl/jt{g / j[l4b/ cGt/ u0fgf ;ªV\\ of jflif{s hg;ª\\Vof [jl4b/ jif{ -lj=;+=_ hg;ªV\\ of ylkPsf] ;ª\\Vof hg; \\ªVof b ]fAa/ k|ltzt x'g nfUg] cjlw -ji {f_ n}l \\ªus c 'gkft hg3gTj 2009-11 82,56,625 1972976 31.4 2.28 31 96.8 56 2018 94,12,996 97.0 64 2028 1,15,55,983 1156371 14.0 1.64 42 101.4 79 2038 1,50,22,839 105.0 102 2048 1,84,91,097 2142987 22.77 2.05 34 99.5 126 2058 2,31,51,423 99.8 157 2068 2,64,94,504 3466856 30.0 2.62 26 94.16 180 3468258 23.09 2.08 33 4660326 25.2 2.25 31 3343081 14.44 1.35 52 tflnsf g=+ !=!@ ef}uf]lns If]q cg';f/ hg;ª\\Vof ljt/0 f u0fgf jif{ lxdfn % kxf8 % lxdfn / % t/f O{ % hDdf -lj=;+_ kxf8 @))(–!! – –– – %#,$(,(** ^$=* @(,)^,^#& #%=@ *@,%^,^@% @)!* – –– – %(,(!,@(& ^#=^ #$,@!,^(( #^=$ ($,!@,((^ @)@* !,#*,^!) (=( ^),&!,$)& %@=% &@,!),)!& ^@=$ $#,$%,(^^ #&=^ !,!%,%%,(*# @)#* #,)@,*(^ *=& &!,^#,!!% $&=& *$,^^,)!! %^=$ ^%,%^,*@* $#=^ !,%),@@,*#( @)$* !$,$#,!#) &=* *$,!(,**( $%=% (*,^#,)!( %#=# *^,@*,)&* $^=& !,*$,(!,)(& @)%* !^,*&,*%( &=# !,)@,%!,!!! $#=# !!,(#,*,(&) %!=^ !,!@,!@,$%# $*=$ @,#!,%!,$@# @)^* !&,*!,&(@ ^=&# !,!#,($,))& $#=)! – – !,##,!*,&)% %)=@& @,^$,($,%)$ tflnsf g+= !=!# ef}ufl] ns Ifq] cg;' f/ hg;ªV\\ of ;\"rs -@)^*_ ;\"rs k'?if lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ hDdf hg;ª\\Vof dlxnf 1781792 11394007 13318705 nª} l\\ us cgk' ft 862592 5440067 6546382 919200 5953940 6772323 93.84 91.37 96.66 g]k fn kl/r o÷61

jflifs{ hg;ªV\\ of jl[ 4b/ 0.54 1.06 1.72 hg3gTj 34 186 392 hDdf ;fIf/ hg;ªV\\ of % 72.33 61.16 60.45 81.43 70.34 k?' if 71.62 64.15 52.36 dlxnf 50.09 251780 208301 ckfªu\\ tf ePsf] hg;ªV\\ of 53240 tflnsf g=+ !=!$ lhNnfut hg;ªV\\ of ;\"rs -@)^*_ hDdf 'k?if dlxnf jflif{s hg;ª\\Vof j[l4b/ hg3gTj hDdf 'k?if dlxnf ckfª\\utf ePsf] hg;ª\\Vof hg;ªV\\ of ;fIf/ hg;ª\\Vof kl| tzt qm= lhNnf ;= 1 tfKn]hª' 127461 60552 66909 -0.55 35 71.3 79.29 64.15 3730 2 kfFry/ 191817 90186 101631 -0.52 155 75.58 80.35 65.78 5049 3 Onfd 290254 141126 149128 0.26 170 77.91 84.16 72.05 7636 4 emfkf 812650 385096 427554 1.66 506 75.09 82.34 68.65 15376 5 ;ªv\\ j' f;ef 158742 75225 83517 -0.03 46 67.38 77.47 62.20 4054 6 t/] y d' 101577 47151 54426 -1.08 150 74.62 83.53 67.04 2626 7 wgs'6f 163412 76515 86897 -0.19 183 74.37 82.4 67.41 4881 8 efh] k'/ 182459 86053 96406 -1.07 121 69.34 78.39 61.38 4618 9 df/] ª 965370 466712 498658 1.35 520 70.63 78.73 63.13 17053 10 ;g' ;/L 763487 371229 392258 1.99 607 68.46 76.96 60.49 10409 11 ;fn] v' 'Da' 105886 51200 54686 -0.17 32 64.22 73.39 55.69 2609 12 cf]vn9ª' \\uf 147984 68687 79297 -0.57 138 64.43 74.33 56.01 3490 13 vf6] fª 206312 97092 109220 -1.15 130 68.83 77.67 61.1 5328 14 pbok'/ 317532 149712 167820 0.99 154 68.82 77.18 61.47 6781 15 ;Kt/L 639284 313846 325438 1.14 469 54.5 66.98 42.57 8044 16 l;/f xf 637328 310101 327227 1.07 536 50.15 61.85 39.20 8465 17 bfn] vf 186557 87003 99554 -0.91 85 62.78 73.34 53.64 5587 18 /fd5] fk 202646 93386 109260 -0.47 131 62.24 72.64 53.47 4418 19 l;Gw'nL 296192 142123 154069 0.57 119 60.53 69.80 52.10 6466 20 wgi' ff 754777 378538 376239 1.17 640 50.44 60.61 40.23 8412 62÷g]kfn kl/ro

21 dxfQ] /L 627580 311016 316564 1.26 626 46.44 56.55 36.55 10166 22 ;nfx{ L 769729 389756 379973 1.91 611 46.30 55.76 36.60 9885 23 /;j' f 43300 21475 21825 -0.33 28 53.60 60.85 46.50 1016 24 wflbª 336067 157834 178233 -0.08 174 62.86 71.08 55.7 7827 25 g'jfsf6] 277471 132787 144684 -0.39 248 59.8 67.95 52.41 4690 26 l;Gwk' fNrf]s 287798 138351 149447 -0.61 113 59.59 67.97 51.88 6608 27 sfe]|knf~rfs] 381937 182936 199001 -0.01 274 69.8 79.59 60.92 6670 28 sf7df8fF} 1744240 913001 831239 4.78 4416 86.25 92.18 79.77 17122 29 nlntk'/ 468132 238082 230050 3.26 1216 82.53 90.11 74.72 4934 30 eQmk'/ 304651 154884 149767 3.01 2560 81.68 90.48 72.65 3204 31 lrtjg 579984 279087 300897 2.06 261 76.98 83.87 70.68 12937 32 dsjfgk'/ 420477 206684 213793 0.69 173 67.85 75.41 60.59 8467 33 k;f{ 601017 312358 288659 1.9 444 55.9 66.93 43.89 6215 34 af/f 687708 351244 336464 2.07 578 51.96 62.75 40.67 11649 35 /ft} x6 686722 351079 335643 2.31 610 41.69 50.88 32.03 8698 36 uf/] v f 271061 121041 150020 -0.61 75 66.34 75.09 59.44 6269 37 tgFx' 323288 143410 179878 0.25 209 74.83 83.68 67.93 6168 38 dgfª 6538 3661 2877 -3.83 3 74.84 83.02 64.22 204 39 ndhª' 167724 75913 91811 -0.55 99 71.11 80.73 63.33 4745 40 sf:sL 492098 236385 255713 2.57 244 82.38 90.1 75.35 9219 41 :ofªh\\ f 289148 125833 163315 -0.93 248 76.61 86.05 69.55 5714 42 kjt{ 146590 65301 81289 -0.74 297 73.85 83.42 66.38 3653 43 DofUbL 113641 51395 62246 -0.07 49 71.87 81.07 64.48 6122 44 d':tfª\\ 13452 7093 6359 -1.08 4 66.21 75.4 55.82 452 45 afUn'ª 268613 117997 150616 -0.01 151 71.88 80.59 65.29 6179 46 u'NdL 280160 120995 159165 -0.57 244 72.56 81.35 65.94 7671 47 c3f{vfFrL 197632 86266 111366 -0.53 166 72.59 81.76 65.79 5165 48 kfNkf 261180 115840 145340 -0.28 190 76.22 84.88 69.52 6537 49 ?kGbx] L 880196 432193 448003 2.17 647 69.78 79.22 60.79 9890 50 gjnk/f;L k= 331904 160896 171008 51 gjnk/f;L k=\" 311604 142997 168825 52 slknj:t ' 571936 285599 286337 1.71 329 54.91 64.94 44.97 7333 g]k fn kl/ro÷63

53 ?sd' k=\" 53184 24980 28204 54 ?sd' k= 55 /fN] kf 155383 74179 81204 56 ;Nofg 57 Ko7' fg 224506 103100 121406 0.67 119 60 71.55 50.48 7458 58 bfª 59 bn} v] 242444 115969 126475 1.27 166 64.04 73.88 55.17 6233 60 hfh/sf6] 61 ;v' {]t 228102 100053 128049 0.71 174 67.01 78.18 58.63 5930 62 afFs] 63 alb{of 552583 261059 291524 1.78 187 70.32 78.88 62.78 12881 64 8f]Nkf 65 x'Dnf 261770 126990 134780 1.5 174 62.47 72.84 52.86 7607 66 h'Dnf 67 sflnsf]6 171304 85537 85767 2.39 77 57.27 65.9 48.7 6848 68 du' ' 69 aemfª 350804 169421 181383 1.95 143 73.12 82.04 64.92 10291 70 afh/' f 71 8f6] L 491313 244255 247058 2.42 210 62.39 69.96 54.95 7468 72 c5fd 73 sn} fnL 426576 205080 221496 1.09 211 65.39 73.54 57.95 8197 74 bfr'{nf 75 at} 8L 36700 18238 18462 2.17 5 54.15 67.86 40.62 1602 76 88]Nw'/f 77 s~rgk/'  50858 25833 25025 2.25 9 47.82 62.06 33 2411 108921 54898 54023 1.97 43 54.66 68.24 41.84 3248 136948 68833 68115 2.6 79 56.83 67.89 45.73 5262 55286 28025 27261 2.3 16 51.25 65.17 36.92 1917 195159 92794 102365 1.56 57 55.55 72.99 40.12 4976 134912 65806 69106 2.15 62 55.68 68.84 43.33 5895 211746 57252 114494 0.22 105 56.35 73.41 52.34 7302 257477 120008 137469 1.07 153 55.65 70.7 42.87 8602 775709 378417 397292 2.29 240 66.32 76.16 57.05 15378 133274 63605 69669 0.88 57 65.36 79.26 52.88 3669 250898 117407 133491 0.68 165 62.97 79.01 49.22 7788 142094 66556 75538 1.19 92 65.31 79.66 52.94 5150 451248 216042 235206 1.77 280 70.67 81.35 61.02 9072 tflnsf g+= !=!% kb| ]zut cfwf/d f g]k fnsf] hg;ªV\\ of lhNnf / :yfgLo tx 3/w/' L hg;ªV\\ of dlxnf hDdf k'?if hDdf kb| ]z g+= ! 64÷g]k fn kl/r o 992,445 4,534,943 2,166,536 2,368,407

dxfgu/kflnsf 47,798 214,663 108,827 105,836 pkdxfgu/k flnsf 66,487 278,222 131,237 146,985 gu/kflnsf 484,031 2,147,061 1,010,259 1,136,802 ufpkF flnsf 393,434 1,859,946 885,480 974,466 ;+:yfut 35,051 30,733 4,318 695 lhNnf / :y fgLo tx 3/w'/L hg;ªV\\ of dlxnf hDdf k'?if hDdf 2,686,207 dxfgu/kflnsf kb| ]z g+= @ 113,695 pkdxfgu/kflnsf 195,641 gu/k flnsf 932,308 5,404,145 2,717,938 ufpkF flnsf 1,629,299 ;+:yfut 39,286 240,922 127,227 746,636 70,948 402,290 206,649 936 571,005 3,240,347 1,611,048 250,848 1,507,790 761,154 221 12,796 11,860 lhNnf / :yfgLo tx 3/w'/L hg;ª\\Vof dlxnf hDdf k?' if 2,781,819 afudtL kb| z] 749,111 77,911 hDdf 1,270,797 5,529,452 2,747,633 1,156,106 dxfgu/kflnsf 393,583 1,540,877 791,766 778,096 20,595 pkdxfgu/kflnsf 34,270 152,875 74,964 gu/kflnsf 526,552 2,258,109 1,102,003 ufpkF flnsf 314,739 1,481,957 703,861 ;:+ yfut 1,653 95,634 75,039 g]kfn kl/r o÷65

lhNnf / :y fgLo tx 3/w'/L hg;ª\\Vof dlxnf hDdf k?' if hDdf 1,312,949 dxfgu/kflnsf u08sL kb| z] 210,018 gu/kflnsf 579,989 ufpkF flnsf 578,219 2,403,757 1,090,808 517,872 ;:+ yfut 5,070 105,630 402,995 192,977 255,622 1,042,011 462,022 216,430 932,348 414,476 537 26,403 21,333 lhNnf / :y fgLo tx 3/w/' L hg;ª\\Vof dlxnf hDdf k?' if hDdf 2,358,956 pkdxfgu/kflnsf nl' DagL k|b]z 297,216 gu/kflnsf 920,633 ufpFkflnsf 885,203 4,499,272 2,140,316 ;+:yfut 1,136,738 128,651 575,385 278,169 4,369 350,619 1,749,672 829,039 405,487 2,140,128 1,003,390 446 34,087 29,718 lhNnf / :yfgLo tx 3/w/' L hg;ªV\\ of dlxnf hDdf k'?if hDdf 802,495 gu/k flnsf s0ff{nL kb| ]z 400,706 ufpkF flnsf 400,595 ;:+ yfut 298,359 1,570,418 767,923 1,194 155,748 774,316 373,610 142,426 780,926 380,331 185 15,176 13,982 66÷gk] fn kl/r o

hg;ªV\\ of lhNnf / :y fgLo tx 3/w'/L hDdf k'?if dlxnf ;b' /\" klZrd kb| z] hDdf 469,971 2,552,517 1,217,887 1,334,630 pkdxfgu/kflnsf 29,143 147,741 73,462 74,279 gu/kflnsf 255,278 1,355,814 641,811 714,003 ufpFkflnsf 185,282 1,027,433 483,053 544,380 ;:+ yfut 268 21,529 19,561 1,968 ;|ft] M sl] Gbo| tYofÍ ljefu !=^ gk] fnsf] /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If, lzsf/ cf/I f, ;+/I f0f Ifq] tyf gk] fndf ;/+ lIft lhjhGtx' ¿ tflnsf g=+ !=!^ /fli6«o lgs'~h qm= /fli6«o :yfkgf ef}ufl] ns Ifq] kmn kfOg] k|l;4 hgfj/ tyf ;=+ lgs'~hsf] ldlt Ifq] -lhNnf_ -ju{ kd| v' kf| s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ @)#) ls=ld=_ gfd lrtjg, dsjfgk/' , lrtjg k;f,{ Psl;uF ] u8+} f, kf6] af3, ! /f li6«o gjnk/f;L lrtj' f, /tj' f, lrQn, -kj\" _{ 3l8ofn ufx] L, du/ lgs~' h ufx] L, ;f;+] , clhË/, uf/} L ufO,{ sf7e] fn,' nug' f, rfl} ;uF f tyf ljljw hftsf r/fx¿ -gk] fnsf] 3fl] ift klxnf] /fli6o« (%@=^# lgs~' h_ . @)#).)^.)$ uts] f] /f hkq cg;' f/ (#@ ju{ ls=ld= Ifq]  kmn sfod ePsfd] f ldlt @)&#.)&.)! uts] f] /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf cg;' f/ lrtjg /fli6o« lgs~' hsf] Ifq] kmn (%@=^# ju{ ls=ld= sfod ePsf]  . gk] fn kl/r o÷67

s[i0f;f/ lrtj' f, xfa]| -/f tf] k08f_ s:t /' L du[ , /tj' f, emf/n , 3f/] n, yf/, hªu\\ nL e8+] f, nfª6fª /;j' f, efn,' nªu\\ /'  afbF / -hl} js @ /fli6«o @)#@ g'jfsf6] / !&!) ljljwtfsf bl[ i6sf0] fn] lgs'~h l;Gwk' f~rfs] ljZjs} cu0| fL :yfg_  . @)#@.!@.)( uts] f] /f hkqdf ;r\" gf ks| flzt ePsf ] . s:t /' L du[ , lxdfnL efn,' 8fkF m,] lrlnd,] sfnLh, ;u/d fyf nfnrR' r,] lxpF lrtj' f, # /f li6o« @)#@ ;f]n'vD' a' !!$* yf/ . -;jfl{ ws prfOdf lgs~' h /x s] f] /f li6o« lgs~' h_  . @)##.)$.)$ uts] f] /fhkqdf ;r\" gf ks| flzt ePsf ] . $ /f/f /fli6«o @)#@ du' ,' h'Dnf lxdfnL efn,' yf/, 3f/] n, lgs'~h abF ]n / ljljw hftsf r/fr'?ËL -;a}e Gbf !)^ ;fgf] /fli6o« lgs~' h_  . @)#$.)@$ ut]sf] /ftkqdf ;r\" gf ks| flzt ePsf]  . 68÷gk] fn kl/r o

albo{ f @)#@ albo{ f af3, efn,' lrtj' f, % /fli6o« si[ 0f;f/, afxl| ;ªu\\ ,] 3f8] ubfx, h/fof,] lgs'~h hªu\\ nL xfQL, u8F} f, ufx] L, ;f;F] tyf ljljw hftsf r/fx¿ /xg ] . @)#@.!!.@% uts] f] /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf cg;' f/ (^* zfxL s0ffn{ L lzsf/ cf/If ¿kdf 3fi] f0ff ul/P sf ] . @)$!.)%.!! uts] f] /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf cg;' f/ zfxL albo{ f /fli6o« lgs~' hsf] ¿kdf gfdfs/0f eO{ Ifq] kmn (^* ju{ ls=ld= sfod ePsf ] . ;] kmf]S ;G' 8f] 8fN] kf, d'u' #%%% lxpF lrt'jf, ltAatL ^ /f li6«o @)$) v/fof,] gfp/, lgnf] e8] f, s:t /' L, d[u, hªu\\ nL lgs'~h ofs, AjfF;f,] ltAatL uwf, lr?  . -z]–kmfS] ;G' 8f] tfn_ -g]kfnsf] ;ae} Gbf 7'nf] /fli6«o lgs'~h_  . @)$!.)$.@@ ut]sf] /fhkqdf ;r\" gf k|sflzt ePsf ] . vKt8 aemfª, /t 'jf, s:t/' L d[u, & /f li6o« @)$@ afh/' f, 8f]6L, @@% 3f]/n, r/Laf3, lrt'jf, hª\\unL s's/' , jg lgs'~h c5fd la/f nf,] ;fy} 8fFkm], dg' fn h:t f r/f x¿ kfOg ] . @)$#.)#.)( uts] f] /f hkqdf ;\"rgf ks| flzt ePsf]  . g]kfn kl/r o÷69

ljZjsf bn' {e jg:klt / lxdfnL sfnf] dsfn' a?0f efn'h:t f k|f0fLx¿ -klxn] * /fli6«o @)$( ;ª\\v'jf;ef !%)) gb]lvPsf] l5sl]{ ds]{ /]g lgs'~h / ;fn] 'v'Da' a]An/, cf]lnkm uf| pG8, jfj{ne/_ , @)$*.)*.)@ ut]sf] /fhkqdf ;\"rgf k|sflzt ePsf ] . sf7df8fdF} f bl} gs !) nfv Sol' js ln6/kfgL pknAw xg' ] ;fy,} Wjf;F ] lrtj' f, cf;fdL afbF /, ;fns tyf cGo ljljw lzjk/' L sf7df8f},F hftsf hLjhGt' kfOg]  . @)%*.!!.)^ uts] f] ( gfufhg'{ @)%* gj' fsf]6, !%( /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf cg;' f/ /fli6«o l;Gw'kf~rf]s o; lgs~' hsf] Ifq] kmn !$% ju{ ls=ld= /x s] fdf lgs'~h / wflbª @)^%.!!.!@ uts] f] /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf cg;' f/ o; lgs~' hsf] Ifq] kmn !%( jut{ ls=ld= sfod ePsf ] . af3, x8'F f/, ;fns, rf}l;ª\\uf tyf ljljw !) afFs] /fli6«o @)^& afsF ,] %%) hftsf kIfLx¿ . lgs~' h ;Nofg, bfª @)^&.)#.@* ut]sf] /f hkq cg';f/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]  . afxl| ;ªu\\ ,] Ps l;ªu\\ ] u8F} f, xfQL, kf6a] f3, efn,' lrtjf, n3g' f, ufx] L, Pjd\\ r/f r?' ËL  . zS' nfkmfF6f @)##.)$.)$ uts] f] !! /fli6o« @)#! s~rgk'/ #)% /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf cg;' f/ lgs~' h zS' nfkmf6F jGohGt' / cf/I fsf] ¿kdf 3fi] f0ff ePsfd] f @)&#÷!!÷!( uts] f] ;r\" gfcg;' f/ /f li6o« lgs~' hsf] ¿kdf :yflkt  . 70÷gk] fn kl/ro

;fns, xF'8f/, rfl} ;+uf, kf6]af3, Psl;u+ ] uF8} f, uf/} L ufO{, clhª\\u/, ;g' uf]x f]/f ]  . @)$!.)@.)* lrtjg, uts] f] /f hkqsf] ;r\" gf k;f{ /fli6«o dsjfgk/'  / cg';f/ k;f{jGohGt' !@ lgs'~h @)$) k;f{sf s]xL ^@&=#( cf/Ifsf] ¿kdf 3f]if0ff efux¿ ePsf]df gk] fn ;/sf/ dGqL kl/i fbsf] ldlt @)&$÷)@÷!( ut]sf] lg0fo{ cg;' f/ /fli6o« lgs'~hsf] ¿kdf :yflkt_ hDdf !!,*)^=)@ tflnsf g+= !=!& lzsf/ cf/I f qm= lzsf/ cf/If :y fkgf Ifq] kmn efu} fl] ns kfOg] kl| ;4 hgfj/x ¿ ;+= jif{ -ju{ ls=ld=_ Ifq] / /fhkqfg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff ljj/0f ?sd' , gfp/, emf/n, yf/, lxdfnL efn' lgnf] e8] f ! 9f/] kf6g @)$$ !#@% afUnª' tyf cflb . @)$$.)!.!$ lzsf/ cf/If DofUbLsf] ut]s f] /f hkqdf ;r\" gf s]x L efu k|sflzt ePsf]  . tflnsf g+= !=!* ;+/If0f If]q qm= ;+/If0f :yfkgf Ifq] kmn efu} fl] ns kfOg] kl| ;4 hgfj/x¿ / ;=+ If]q jif{ -ju{ cjl:ylt Ifq] /fhkq cg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff ljj/0 f ls=ld=_ ! cGgk\"0f{ @)$( &^@( ndh'ª, lxdfnL b'ne{ hLjhGt', dgfª jg:klt tyf ;f+:s [lts d':tfª, ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f  . DofUbL, @)$(.)$.)% uts] f] /f hkq sf:sL cg';f/ 3fi] f0ff ul/Psf]  . @ s~rghª3\\ f @)%$ @)#% tfKnh] 'ª lxpF lrtj' f, s:t /' L du[ , lxdfnL v/} f] efn,' Ajf;F f,] gfp/, 3f/] n , xfa,]| r/Laf3 cflb  . @)%$.)$.)^ uts] f] /fhkq cg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff ul/P sf ] . gk] fn kl/ro÷71

# dgf:n' @)%% !^^# lxpF lrtj' f, s:t /' L, d[u , $ s[i0f;f/ @)^% !^=(% gfp/, emf/n nufot ljleGg % uf/} Lzªs\\ / @)^^ @!&( uf]/ vf r/fx¿ / ;k{ hfltx¿  . ^ clk–gfDkf @)^& !()# @)%%.)(.!# uts] f] /fhkq cg';f/ 3f]if0ff ePsf]  . s[i0f;f/, xF'8f/ clhªu\\ /  . albo{ f @)^%.!@.)# uts] f] /fhkq cg;' f/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf ] . /f d]5fk, lxpF lrt'jf, s:t'/L d[u, bfn] vf / r/L af3, 8fkF m,] dg' fn cflb  . l;Gwk' fNrf]s @)^^.)(.@& ut]sf] /fhkq cg;' f/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf ] . lxpF lrtj' f, 3f/] n, sfnf] efn,\" yf/, h/fd;L, of;f{ bfrn'{ f uD' af, kfrF cf}Fn] cflb  . @)^&.)#.@* ut]sf] /fhkq cg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff ul/P sf ] . tflnsf g=+ !=!( dWojtL{ Ifq] x¿ qm= dWojtL{ If]q 3f]lift If]qkmn /f hkqcg';f/ 3fi] f0ff ljj/0f ;+= jif{ -ju{ ls=ld=_ ! lrtjg /fli6«o @)%#.)*.!& ut]sf] /fhkqcg;' f/ lrtjg lgs'~h /f li6o« lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ Ifq] sf] Ifq] kmn @)%# &@(=#& &%) ju{ ls=ld= 3fi] f0ff ul/P sf]df @)&@.)&.)! ut]sf] /fhkq cg';f/ ;f] If]qkmn &@(=#& ju{ ls=ld= sfod ul/P sf]  . @ nfd6fË /f li6o« @)%% $@) @)%%.)!.!$ ut]sf] /fhkqcg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff lgs~' h ul/Psf]  . # ;u/dfyf @)%* @&% @)%*.)(.!& ut]sf] /fhkqcg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff /f li6«o lgs'~h ul/Psf]  . $ /f/f /fli6«o @)^# !(* @)^#.)^.)( ut]sf] /f hkqcg';f/ 3f]if0ff lgs~' h ul/Psf]  . 72÷gk] fn kl/ro

@)%#.)*.!& uts] f] /fhkq cg;' f/ albo{ f /fli6o« lgs~' hsf] jl/k/Lsf] #@& ju{ ls=ld= % albo{ f /fli6«o @)%# %)& Ifq] kmn ePsf] Ifq] nfO{ albo{ f /fli6o« lgs~' hsf] lgs'~h dWojtL{ Ifq] 3fi] f0ff ul/P sfd] f @)^&.)$.#! uts] f] /fhkq cg;' f/ ;f] dWojtL{ Ifq] lj:t f/ u/L %)& ju{ ls=ld= sfod ul/P sf ] . ^ z–] kmf]S;'08f] @)%% !#$( @)%%.)&.)@ uts] f] /f hkqcg';f/ 3fi] f0ff /fli6«o lgs~' h ul/Psf ] . & vKt8 /f li6o« @)^# @@% @)^#.)&.!# ut]sf] /fhkqcg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff lgs~' h ul/Psf]  . * lzjk/' L @)&@ !!*=^! @)&@.!@.!% uts] f] /f hkqcg;' f/ 3f]if0ff gfufh{ 'g /fli6o« ul/Psf]  . lgs'~h ( afsF ] /fi6«o @)^& #$# @)^&.)#.@* uts] f] /fhkqcg';f/ 3f]if0ff lgs~' h ul/Psf]  . !) dsfn' j?0f @)%% *#) @)%%.!).@% ut]s f] /fhkqcg';f/ 3fi] f0ff /fli6o« lgs~' h ul/Psf ] . !! zS' nfkmfF6 @)^! @$#=% @)^!.)@.)( uts] f] /fhkqcg;' f/ 3f]if0ff /f li6«o lgs'~h ul/P sf]  . @)^@.)#.!# uts] f] /fhkq cg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff !@ k;f{ /f li6«o ePsf] / @)&@.)%.)& uts] f] /f hkq cg;' f/ lgs~' h @)^@ @*%=# WojtL{ Ifq] sf] ;Ldfgf x/] k m/]  eO{ k;f{ jGohGt' cf/Ifsf] dWojtL{ Ifq] sf] Ifq] kmn @*%=# ju{ ls=ld= sfod ePsf] . !# sf];L6Kk' @)^! !&# @)^!.)%.!$ ut]sf] /fhkqcg;' f/ 3fi] f0ff jGohGt' cf/If ul/Psf ] . hDdf %^*&=&* sn' hDdf If]q kmn -ju{ #$,$!(=&% ls=ld=_ tflnsf g+= !=@) jGohGt' cf/I f qm=;+= jGohGt' cf/If :y fkgf Ifq] kmn ef}ufl] ns kfOg] kl| ;4 hgfj/x¿ jif{ -ju{ If]q ls=ld=_ ! sfz] L6Kk' @)#@ !&% bn' {e cgf,{ 3l8ofn tyf jGohGt' cf/I f ;'g;/L du/ufx] L, ;f;] tyf ljleGg df5f tyf r/fr?' ªu\\ L . gk] fn kl/ro÷73

tflnsf g=+ !=@! /fd;f/ ;fO6df ;r\" Lst[ gk] fnsf ;Ld;f/ Ifq] x¿M qm= gfd If]qkmn ;\"rLst[ ldlt lhDdj] f/ :yfgLo ;+= -x]=_ -O:jL ;Djt_ Joj:yfkg lgsfo ! sf];L6Kk' !&%)) !(*&–!@–!& sf;] L6Kk' jGohGt' cf/I f @ aL; xhf/L tfn #@)) @))#–)*–!# lrtjg /f li6o« lgs'~h # 3f]8f3f]8L tfn If]q @%^# @))#–)*–!# lhNnf jg sfofn{ o, sn} fnL $ hubLzk/'  hnfzo @@% @))#–)*–!# lhNnf jg sfof{no, slknj:t' % /f /f tfn !%*# @))&–)(–@# /f/f /fli6«o lgs~' h ^ kmf]S;'08f] tfn $($ @))&–)(–@# z–] kmfS] ;'08f] /fli6«o lgs'~h & uf]; fOs{ '08 tyf !)#) @))&–)(–@# nfª6fË /fli6«o lgs~' h cf;kf;sf tfnx¿ * ufS] of] tyf cf;kf;sf &&&) @))&–)(–@# ;u/d fyf /fli6o« lgs~' h tfnx¿ ( dfO{ kfv] /L () @))*–!)–@* lhNnf jg sfofn{ o, Onfd !) kfv] /f pkTosfsf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, sf:sL (Pokhara valley Lake @^!)^ @)!^–)@–)@ lhNnf jg sfof{no, sf:sL cluster) tfnx¿ tflnsf g=+ !=@@ ;/+ lIft :g twf/L jGohGt' != cf;fdL afbF / (Macaca Assamensis) @= ;fns -Manis pentadactyla_ / (Manis crassicaudata) #= lxl:k8 v/fof] (Caprolagus hispidus) $= ;f+]; (Platanista Gangetica) %= AjfF;f] (Canis lupus) ^= lxdfnL v}/f ] efn' (Ursus arctos) &= xfa|] (Ailurus fulgens) 74÷g]kfn kl/ro

*= lnª;fª÷l;n' (Prionodon pradicolor) (= r/L af3 (Prionailurus bengalensis) !)= lnªs; (Felis lynx) !!= Wjf;F ] lrt'jf (Pardofelis nebulosa) !@= af3 (Panthera tigris tigris) !#= lxpF lrt'jf (Panthera uncia) !$= hª\\unL xfQL (Elephas maximus) !%= Ps l;Ë] uF}8f (Rhinoceros unicornis) !^= k8' \\s] abF ]n (Sus salvanius) !&= s:t/' L du[ (Moschus chrysogaster) !*= afx|l;Ëf (Cervus duvauceli) !(= uf/} LufO{ (Bos gaurus) @)= hªu\\ nL ofs (Bos mutus) @!= cgf{ (Bubalus arnee) @@= gfog (Ovis ammon) @#= lr? (Pantholops hodgsoni) @$= si[ 0f;f/ (Antilope cervicapra) @%= rf}s f (Tetracerus quadricornis) @^= x'8F f/ (Hyaena hyaena) ;+/lIft kIfL != sfnf] u?8 (Ciconia nigra) @= ;t] f] u?8 (Ciconia ciconia) #= ;f/; (Grus antigone) $= rL/ sflnh (Catreus wallichii) %= 8fFkm] (Lophophorus impejanus) ^= dfg] fn (Tragop-an satyra) &= v/ dh' /'  (Houbarpsis bengalensis) *= ;fgf] v/ d'h/\"  (Sypheotides indica) (= /f h wg]z (Buceros bicornis) g]kfn kl/ro÷75

;/+ lIft 3;g| ] jGohGt' M != clhªu\\ / (Python molurus) @= 3l8ofn ufx] L (Vavialis gangeticus) #= ;g' uf]xf/] f ] (Varanus flavescens) ;f| t] M /fli6«o lgs'~h ljefuåf/f ks| flzt gk] fnsf ;+/lIft Ifq] x¿ cg;' \"rL ! / @ k]h &@–&(, @)&$ of;fu{ 'Daf gk] fnsf] axp' kofu] L Pjd\\ axd' N\" o h8La6' Lx¿dWo] of;fu{ D' af klg Ps xf ] . nfdf efiffdf of;fs{ f] cy{ cfwfhLj /uD' afsf] cy{ cfwf lj?jf jf a6' L -Herbs_ eGg] xG' 5  . o;sf] j1} flgs gfd Cordyceps jf Cordyceps Sinensis xf,] h;df Cord n] Club / Ceps n] Head sf] cy{ lbG5  . o;nfO{ Sof6/lkn/ kmªu\\ ; (Caterpiller Fungus) klg elgG5 . ;fy,}  cfi} flwdn\" s Rofp, kmªu\\ n a6' L, lx8g] a6' L -Walking Herb_ h:tf gfdn] klg of;fu{ D' afnfO{ lrgfpg] ul/G5  . jf:t jdf of;fu{ D' af cfwf ls/f /cfwf kmªu\\ ; -Half Insect and Half Fungus_ xf ] . of;fu{ D' af gk] fnsf] #))) bl] v %))) ld6/;Ddsf] prfOdf kfOG5  . lxdfnL ee\" fuaf6 lxpF kUng]qmd;uF } of;f{u'Daf hldgdfly b]v fkg{ yfN5 . ;'?df nfefs{ f] ¿kdf b]vfkg{] of;fu{ 'Daf kl5 kmª\\u;df ¿kfGt/0f x'G5  . of;f{uD' af Ps zlQmjws{ h8La6' L xf ] . of] cf}iflwsf] ¿kdf ko| f]u xG' 5  . of;f{uD' af 9f8bv' fO, /QmcNktf, ysfg, bd, SofG;/, clgGb|f, /Qmrfk, PnhLh{ :tf /fu] sf nflu pkofu] L dflgG5  . o;n] kmf]S;f,] d[uf}n f, d'6', snh] fh] :tf z/L/sf c+ux¿nfO{ :j :y s/ /fvL /f u] k|lt/fw] fTds IfdtfnfO;{ dt] a9fpF5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/G 5  . gk] fnsf] kj\" b{ l] v klZrd pQ/L es] df kfOg] of;fu{ D' af cToGt u0' f:t/Lo dflgG5  . cToGt dxuF f] dN\" odf Jofkf/ xg' fn] o;nfO{ gk] fnsf] Yellow living Gold sf] ¿kdf ;dt]  klxrfg lbg yflnPsf] 5 . of;fu{ D' af ;ªs\\ ng clxn] cToGt kl| t:kwL{ ags] f] 5  . of;fu{ D' af gk] fnsf] pRr lxdfnL es] df a;fa] f; ugx]{ ¿sf nflu hLjg lgjfx{ sf] ;f| t] t ags] f] 5 g} ;fy;fy} of] gk] fnsf] dxŒjk0\" f{ cfo;f| t]  aGg ;Sg] pRr ;Defjgf 5 . lll 76÷g]kfn kl/ro

kl/R5]b M b'O{ g]kfnsf] ;ª\\lIfKt Pl] txfl;s ¿k/v] f @=! gk] fn Ps kf| rLg d'ns' sf] ¿kdf ljleGg wdz{ f:q tyf k/' f0fx¿df gk] fnnfO{ cToGt} kf| rLg el\" dsf] ¿kdf j0fg{ ul/Psf] 5  . s/La !# s/f8] jifc{ ufl8 ags] f oxfsF f kjt{ zª[ v\\ nfx¿ / pkTosfx¿df kl5 cfP/ kf| 0fLx¿sf] cfsif0{ f ljzi] f ¿kdf a9b\\ } uPsf] kfOG5  . klZrd gk] fnsf] a6' jnIfq] df kfOPsf] /fdflkys] ; dfgjsf] cjzi] fn] Ps s/f 8] jife{ Gbf cufl8bl] v g} gk] fndf dfgjsf] a;fa] f; ;?' eO;ss] f] tYo :ki6 xG' 5  . gk] fn gfdsf] klxnf] pNnv] cyj{ kl/lzi6df ul/P sf] kfOG5  . cyj{ kl/lz i6sf] ;do lglZrt ug{ g;lsP tfklg O;fkj\" { %))–^)) sf] lardf o;sf] lgdf0{ f ePsf] dflgG5  . o;df gk] fnnfO{ sfd?, ljbx] , pb'Da/, cjGtL / ss} o b]zx¿;uF } /fvL rrf{ ul/Psf] 5  . d\"n ;jf{l:tjfb, ljgo;ªu\\ |x gfdsf] af}4 uG| ydf klg g]kfnaf/] rrf{ ul/P sf] 5  . o;df eujfg a4' sf] ;dod} pgsf rn] fx¿ Jofkf/L x¿sf ;fy gk] fn k;s] f] 36gf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5  . dxfef/tsf] jgkj{df g]kfnnfO{ ljifo -lhNnf_ sf] ¿kdf j0fg{ ul/Psf] 5  . hg} uG| ysf] cfjZos ;\"q tyf sfl} 6Nosf] cyz{ f:q -O{=k=\" rf}yf] ztfAbL_ n] klg g]kfnsf] af/]df pNnv] u/s] f 5g\\  . To:t} ef/t Lo uK' t ;df| 6 ;d'b|u'Ktn] cfˆgf] Onfxfjfb clenv] df g]kfnsf] pNnv] …l5ds] /fHoÚ sf] ¿kdf u/]sf 5g\\ eg] To;kl5sf kf| oM ;a} ;|f]tx¿n] g]kfnsf] pNn]v :j tGq /fHosf] ¿kdf g} u/s] f 5g \\ . gk] fnsf lznfn]vx¿df eg] lj=;=+ %^( sf] l6:6 'ª clen]vdf klxnfk] 6s gk] fn zAbsf] pNnv] ePsf] 5  . o;/L of] dn' 's cToGt} k|frLg ;dobl] v g} …g]kfnÚ gfdaf6 kl/lrt /x]sf] :k i6 xG' 5  . g]k fnnfO{ ;Toou' df ;TojtL, q]tfo'udf tkf]jg / åfk/ou' df dl' Qm;fk] fg elgGYof] / slnou' df g]kfn eGg] ul/P sf] s/' f kf/} fl0fs u|Gyx¿df pNn]v 5  . gk] fn kl/ro÷77

@=@ gk] fn gfds/0fsf] cfwf/ gk] fn gfd kf| rLgsfnbl] v g} kr| lnt 5  . lnR5ljsfndf lj:t fl/t of] gfd dNnsfndf sf7df8fF} pkTosf / jl/k l/dfq ;Lldt /xo\\ f ] . PsLs/0fkZrft\\ sf7df8fF} /fhwfgL eof] / …g k] fnÚ zAbn] cfhsf] gk] fn /fi6n« fO{ g} ae' mfpg yfNof ] . g]kfn gfdsf] af/]df Jo'TklQ, ljleGg efiff, hflt, jz+ fjnL / k|frLg u|Gyx¿sf cfwf/d f j0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5  . @=@=!= efiffut cfwf/ ls/f tL efiff …gk] fnÚ kf/} fl0fs ls/ftL zAb …gk] fÚ sf] ;f:+ s[lts ¿k xf]  . …gÚ]  sf] cy{ …d WoÚ / …kfÚ sf] cy{ …b ]zÚ cyft{ \\ …d Wob]zÚ xG' 5  . dWokj{tLo v08df /x s] f] …gk] fÚ df kl5 …n Ú k|Too nfu/]  gk] fn gfd /x]sf] xf ] . ltAatL efiff ltAatL efiffdf …g]Ú sf] cy{ 3/ / …kfnÚ sf] cy{ pmg cyf{t pmg x'g] 7fpFsf] ¿kdf of] If]qnfO{ lnOPsf] kfOG5  . o; Ifq] df e8] fkfng a9L ePsfn] kfn cyft{ \\ kzd, kl:dgf -pg_ k|z:t kfpg' :jfefljs xf ] . ltAatLx¿ g]kfnnfO{ …jNjf]Ú / dËf]nx¿ …jNkfÚ]  eG5g \\ . ef]6lgjf;Lx¿ lxdfnkf/L sf] o; ee\" funfO{ …k fnb]zÚ jf …j fNkfÚ]  klg eGb5g \\ . gj] f/L efiff g]jf/x ¿n] g]kfnnfO{ …gk] fÚ dfq eGg] uby{ ] hf] kl5 gk] fn xg' uof ] . …g]Ú egs] f] …d WoÚ / …kfÚ egs] f] …b z] Ú xf]  . lxdfnL efudf /x]sfn] of] gfd ;fys{ dflgG5  . …g k] fÚ zAbdf …nÚ kT| oo nflu ‰ofsf] ‰ofn, k;Msf] k;n ePem} gk] fsf] g]kfn ePsf] cgd' fg ul/Psf] 5  . lnDa\" efiff lnDa\" efiffdf gk] fnsf] cy{ ;dtn el\" d eGg] x'G5  . kxf8L v08df cToGt 7n' f] d}bfgL pkTosf ePsfn] o;sf] gfd gk] fn /xg uPsf] xf ] . n]Krf efiff k'/f gf] n]Krf efiffdf …g ]Ú sf] cy{ kljq / …kfnÚ sf] cy{ uk' mf xG' 5  . o;/L …g]kfÚ n] k0' oe\"ld jf wfld{s :yn ae' mfpF5 . g]kfnsf tfdfªx¿n] klg tLy{nfO{ …g ]Ú  eGb5g\\  . nfdf wdu{ G| ydf …g]Ú sf] cy{ kljq :yfgsf] ¿kdf nufOG5  . vf6] fªdf …gk] fÚ ufpF 5  . 78÷g]k fn kl/ro

;:+ s[t efiff gLkM -kjt{ kfb_ zAbdf pk;u{ cfn -:yfg_ hf8] ]/ g]kfn ePsf] cg'dfg 5  . lxdfn / k~rfn h:t } gLkM -km]bL_ / cfnoM -lgjf;_ af6 kj{t km]bLsf] lgjf;sf ¿kdf g]kfn gfd /x]sf] eflifs JofVof klg ul/P sf] 5  . oh'j]{bdf ko| Q' m jl} bs zAbdf …g LkMÚ sf] cy{ pkTosf lgjf;L x'G5  . g]kfn zAbsf] dn\" …g LkÚ elgG5  . …gLkMÚ eg]sf] czf]s -sba+ _ j[If klg xf]  . ;:+ s [tdf lzjsf] zj} ePem}F gk] fnsf] gk} fn zAb k|ofu] ePsf] e]l6G5  . kf/: k l/s cfVofgdf efiffut zflAbs ;flgWo /WjGofTds ;ªu\\ lt bl] v P tfklg pko{Q' m ;lGw zAbfy{ 7f]; /kd| fl0ft rflxF ePsf 5}g g \\ . tfdfª efiff tfdfª hfltsf Ps dxfk'?if ltAat;Fu Jofkf/uby{ ] . oL tfdfª nfdfs}gfOs] ag]  . tfdfª nfdf af]nLdf …g Ú]  egs] f] :tg xf ] . kY[ jLsf] :t g:j¿k kjt{ af6 kflnt gk] fnaf6 Jofkf/ ug{] dxfk?' if kj{ts} gfddf lrlgP / kj{tsf] gfdaf6 g} g]kfn elgof ] . @=@=@ hfltut cfwf/ -s_ gk] fn dxfTDocg;' f/ …g]Ú gfdsf] Clifn] oxfFsf hgtfsf] nfng kfng u/]sfn] ] o; b]zsf] gfd gk] fn /xg uPsf] dflgG5  . -v_ blIf0f ef/tsf] s/] n f Ifq] df a:g] dfnaf/ hflt g]jf/, l;d|fg} u9sf ;:+ yfks gfGobj] sf] ;fy oxfF cfPsf lyP  . logLx¿sf] cfudgkZrft\\ oxfF sf] gfd gk] fn /x g uof ] . g]kfnsf kf| rLg zf;s ufk] fnj+zLx¿nfO{ ælgkÆ elgGYof ] . pgLx¿sf] cfno -3/_ nfO{ g]kfn elgof ] . …g LkÚ zAbsf] pNnv] jl} bs uG| ydf / kfl0fgLsf] ci6fWoflodf ;d]t ePsf] kfOG5  . -u_ ef6] df g]kfnnfO{ (Balyal) cyjf jfKnf] elgGYof] eg] lrlgof ofqLn] lg–kf–] nf] eGg] uy] { . ls/f tx¿sf] k|dv' a:tL ePsfn] af}4 wdu{ G| yx¿df oxfF sf] gfd -g]jfn_ / c+u]h| Ldf NIPAUL, NEPAUL, NIPAL / NEPAL zAbsf ;fy} ef/t Lox¿åf/f -g]kfn_ zAbsf] ko| f]u x'g] u/s] f] 5  . o:t f ljljw cfwf/ / dfGotf eP tfklg jf:tjdf gk] fn gfd o;} sf/0 fn] xg' uPsf] egL ls6fg ug{ eg] ;lsPsf] 5g}   . tyflk dfl} ns ;Eotf, ;:+ s l[ t / snfn] ubf{ gk] fnsf] :jtGq / cljl5Gg :j¿k eg] sfod /xs] f] s/' fdf eg] dtfGt/ 5g}   . @=# g]k fn pkTosfsf] pTklQ lnR5ljsfneGbf cl3sf] k|frLg Oltxf; e/ kbf]{ ;|f]tx¿sf] cefjdf g]kfn kl/r o÷79

:ki6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g  . j+zfjnL / k'/f0fx¿sf] cfwf/df dfq o; o'usf] Oltxf; cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 . tL u|Gyx¿df eg]g]k fn pkTosf pTklQsf] ;DaGwdf cg]s /f]rs syfx¿sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5  . o:tf ;|f]tx¿n] pNn]v u/]cg';f/ k|frLg ;dodf sf7df8f}F pkTosf 3gf hËnn] 9flsPsf] lyof] / o;sf] lar efudf ljzfn ;/f]j/ lyof]  . ;f] ;/f]j/df gfux¿sf] lgjf; ePsf]n] o;nfO{ gfubx elgGYof ] . oxfF a]nfavtdf ljkZjL a'4, lzvL a'4, ljZje\" a'4, d~h'>L af]lw ;Tj, qms'R5Gb a'4h:tf ljleGg tk:jLx¿ cfpg] ub{y]  . ljkZjL a'4 g]kfn pkTosfdf cfpg] k|yd dxfTdf ljkZjL a4' lyP . logL cfˆgf] :y foL lgjf; aGwd' tL gu/df ;Too'udf g} cfPsf] ljZjf; ul/G5  . oxfF cfP/ pgL gfufh'{g kjt{ df a;] / s]x L ;dokl5 rq} zS' n k\"l0fd{ fsf] lbg gfubxsf] lardf sdnkmn\" sf] aLh /f k] ]  . lxhf]cfh klg r}q z'Sn k\"l0f{dfsf lbg gfufhg{' kjt{ df d]nf nfUb5 / of] ljkZjL a'4s} ;Demgfdf nfus] f] d]nf xf] eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5  . lzvL a'4 ljkZJfL a4' n] /fk] s] f] aLhaf6 5 dlxgfkl5 cflZjg zS' n k\"l0f{dfsf] lbg Ps cnf}lss km\"n pTkGg eof] / To; kmn\" sf] larefudf Hofl] td{o eujfg\\ :joDe\" k|s6 eP  . o;/L dTo{nfs] df :joDe\" eujfgs\\ f] cfudgsf] va/ ;g' ]/ c?0fk/' sf lzvL a'4 oxfF cfP/ :joDes\" f] cf/fwgf ubf{ub}{ s]xL sfnkl5 eujfgdf g} ldNg uP  . pgL cfP/ a;]sf] kj{tnfO{ WofgfR] j kjt{ elgG5  . x/]s df3 ! ut] ToxfF nfUg] d]n fnfO{ lzvL a4' sf] ;+:d /0fdf nufOPsf] dn] f dfGg]rng 5 . ljZje+ \" a'4 logL q]tfo'udf oxfF cfPsf lyP  . g]k fn pkTosfdf cfP/ w/] } km\"n ePsf] kj{t 5fg/]  cfˆgf] cf>d agfO{ a; ] . pgL a;s] f] kxf8 km\"nf]Rr gfdn] kl| ;4 eof]  . logn] g} klxnf]kN6 pkTosfsf] kfgL aflx/ hfg] dfu{sf] af/]df cfˆgf r]nfx¿nfO{ cjut u/fPsf lyP  . d~h'>L af]lw;Tj ljZje+ \" a'4 kms]{sf] s]xL jifk{ l5 qt] fou' df g} rLgaf6 d~h'>L af]lw;Tjsf] oxfF cfudg eof]  . oL d~h'>L afl] w;Tjsf] af/]df jz+ fjnLx¿n] y'k|} j0f{g u/]sf 5g\\  . pgn] oxfF cfP/ :joDe\"sf] bz{g kfPkl5 pkTosfsf] kfgL aflx/ k7fpg] ljrf/ u/ ] . ;/f j] /sf] ;Dk\"0f{ ef}ufl] ns cWoog u/]/ pgn] s6'jfn 80÷gk] fn kl/ro

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@=$=! uf]kfnjz+ L zf;sx¿ gk] fnsf ky| d /f hfx¿ ufk] fnjz+ L lyP  . ufk] fn eGgfn] ufOk{ fns ;db' fo eGg] al' emG5  . sf7df8fsF} f] kfgL aflx/ kmo\\ fsF k] l5 pkTosf a;fa] f; ofU] o eof ] . To;kl5 blIf0ftkms{ f gLk hfltsf ufk] fnx¿ oxfF cfslif{ t eP . blIf0faf6 cfPsf ufk] fnx¿ /oxfsF f kf| rLg gfu hfltlar eL8Gt xbF' f gfu hfltx¿ k/flht eO{ blIf0f eu] tkm{ nfu] eg] gk] fn pkTosfdf ufk] fnx¿sf] jr:{ j sfod eof ] . jz+ fjnLx¿df pNnl] vt syfcg;' f/ logLx¿sf] Pp6f axx' L| gfd u/s] f] ufOn{ ] ;wF} afUdtLsf] lt/s f] Ps 7fpdF f uP/ bw\" r9fpg] ubl{ yg \\ . ;f] :yn vgL xb] f{ kzk' ltsf] Hofl] tl{ nË pTkGg eof ] . 6s] ' bfe] fgdf tk:o f u/L a:g ] …gÚ]  dg' Ln] ufk] fnjz+ sf eQ' mdfg -el\" duK' t_ nfO{ /f hf agfP  . logL ufk] fnjz+ sf ;:+ y fksdfq geO{ gk] fnsf ky| d /f hf klg eP  . ufk] fnjz+ L cf7hgf zf;sx¿ -el\" duK' t, houK' t, wdu{ K' t, xifu{ K' t, eLduK' t, dl0fuK' t, lji0fu' K' t / hLguK' t_ n] s/L a %)% jif{ zf;g u/ ] . @=$=@ dlxifkfnj+zL /fhfx¿ Uff]kfnjz+ sf hLg u'KtnfO{ o'4df k/f lht u/L dlxifkfnx¿n] gk] fnsf] zf;gdf lgoGq0f sfod u/s] f] s/' f ufk] fn /f hj+zfjnLdf pNn]v 5  . sx] L Oltxf;sf/x ¿sf cg;' f/ ufO{ kfNgn] fO{ ufk] fn eg] em}+ e};L kfNgn] fO{ dlxifkfn jf cfle/ elgGYof ] . t/ uf]kfn / cfle/ Pp6} j+zsf ePsf / kz] fut cfwf/df dfq b'O{ ;db' fodf ljeflht ePsf] dflgG5  . ss{Kofl6s« sf] jz+ fjnLdf cfle/x¿ /fhkt\" pTklQsf Ujfnfx¿ ePsf / l;df| g} u9 / hgsk/' l arsf] ;dtn el\" ddf cfkm\";Fu xftxltof/;d]t /f vL 7'nf] ;ª\\Vofdf e;}+ L kfNg] u/s] f]df kl5 pkTosf k|j]z u/L uf]k fnj+zL /fhfnfO{ x/f O{ zf;gdf lgoGq0f sfod u/s] f] egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5  . o; j+zsf k|yd /f hf j/l;x+ xg' \\ . uf]kfn j+zfjnLcg;' f/o; jz+ sf tLg zf;sx¿ j/l ;+x, hol;x+ / e'jgl;x+ n] qmdzM $( jif,{ &! jif{ @ dlxgf /$! jif{ u/L hDdf !^! jif{ @ dlxgf zf;g u/]sf lyP  . @=$=# ls/f tjz+ L /fhfx¿ gk] fn pkTosfdf /fHo ug{] lnR5jL /f hj+zeGbf cufl8 / dlxifkfn jf cfeL/jz+ eGbf k5fl8 larsf] ;dodf ls/ftj+zLo /fhvnssf] zf;g pkTosfdf /xs] f] lyof] eGg] ljj/0f ;flxlTos ;f| ]tx¿df km]nf kb{5  . uf]kfn jz+ fjnLdf ls/ft /f hfx¿sf] ;\"rLsf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] dn\" :yfg tfdfsf];L / ;'gsf;] Llarsf] ee\" fu egL atfOPsf] 5  . cfle/jz+ sf clGtd /fhf e'jgl;x+ nfO{ o'4df k/flht u/L ls/ftj+zL /f hf 82÷g]kfn kl/ro

onª' jf onDa/n] zf;gdf lgoGq0f sfod u/s] f lyP  . of] åfk/o 'usf] cGTo jf slno'usf] kf| /Delt/ 56} fF} ztfAbLdf 36s] f] 36gf dflgG5  . gk] fndf P]ltxfl;s 36gfqmdsf] ;?' jft ls/ftL /fhfx¿af6} ePsf] dflgG5  . ufk] fn /fhj+zfjnLdf #@, efiff j+zfjnLdf @* / /f O6 jz+ fjnLdf @( /f hfx¿sf] ljj/0f kfOG5  . tyflk, ls/f tj+zsf @( k:' tfsf #@ /fhfx¿n] em08} !%)) jif{ hlt zf;g rnfPsf] dflgG5  . ls/ftjz+ L d'Vo /fhfx¿sf] gfdfjnL lgDgadfl] hd 5M onDa/ ls/f t /fHosf ;+:yfks onDa/ Hofb} jL/ lyP  . logn] dlxifkfn cfle/ j+zsf zf;s e'jgl;+xnfO{ x/fP/ ls/f t /fHoJoj:y f :yfkgf u/]sf lyP  . lognfO{ sts} t} onª' klg elgPsf] 5  . logs} gfdaf6 kf6g ;x/sf] k'/fgf] gfd on /xg uPsf] dflgG5 . x'dlt logL 5}6f}F ls/ftL /f hf lyP  . lognfO{ uf]kfn /f hjz+ fjnLdf xlF t eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5  . 8l] gon /fO6n] 5kfPsf] j+zfjnLn] lognfO{ dxfef/tsf] o'4sfnsf egL pNnv] u/]sf] 5  . lht]bf:tL ls/f t /f hf lhtb] f:t L csf{ pNnv] gLo zf;s xg' \\  . lognfO{ efiff j+zfjnLx¿n] ;ftf+} qmddf /fv]sf 5g\\ eg] uf]k fn /fhj+zfjnLn] s]xL kl5Nnf] qmddf pNn]v u/]s f] 5  . logsf] ;dodf uft} d a'4 sf7df8f}F cfPsf] rrf{ jz+ fjnLdf ul/Psf] ul/Psf] 5  . :y's+ f] s]x L jz+ fjnLx¿n] ls/ft /f hf :ys'+ fs] f ;dodf df}o{ ;d|f6 czf]s 5f]/L rf?dtLsf ;fy sf7df8fF} cfPsf lyP  . logn] rf/: t\"k agfP  . 5f/] L rf?dtLsf] ljjfx IfqLo s'df/ b]jkfn;uF ul/lbPsf lyP  . t/ jz+ fjnLsf] egfO ;To bl] vb}g  . czf]s n'lDagL, slknj:t'df dfq cfPsf lyP  . sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf cfPsf] s'/f eg] k|dfl0ft 5}g  . @=$=$ lnR5lj sfn lnR5lj zf;gsf] :yfkgf ls/ftx¿kl5 lnR5lj jz+ sf /f hfx¿n] gk] fndf zf;g ;~rfng u/s] f] kfOG5  . jz+ fjnL Pjd\\ k/' f0fx¿df ;o\" j{ z+ L Ifq] Lox¿n] ls/f tx¿nfO{ lht/]  gofF zf;g Joj:yf sfod u/s] f] kfOG5  . ufk] fn /f hjz+ fjnLdf …c lg ;o\" j{ z+ sf] gk] fn kl/ro÷83

ke| fjn] gk] fndf ls/f t /fhfnfO{ lht/]  lnR5lj /fhjz+ rNofÚ]  egL nl] vPsf] 5 eg] kzk' lt k/' f 0fdf klg …ls/ftx¿nfO{ afl] njrgn] ljZjf;df kf//]  tyf o4' df k/f:t u//]  jz} fnLsf :jfdL jf kltx¿n] cfˆgf] zf;g;Qf sfod u/s] fÚ]  eGg] pNnv] o;k} s| f/sf] ;Gbe{ lxdjTv08df klg kfOG5  . h;df jz} fnLsf :jfdLx¿n] ls/f tx¿nfO{ lht/]  gk] fndf zf;g ;?' u/s] f] pNnv] 5  . o;ks| f/ gk] fndf lnR5lj zf;g Joj:y fsf] yfngL ls/ftLx¿sf] zf;gkl5 nuQ} ;?' ePsf] bv] fkb5{   . ufk] fn jz+ fjnLcg;' f/ clGtd ls/f tL /fhf …lvuÚ' , efiff jz+ fjnLcg;' f/ …uflnhÚ, /f O6 jz+ fjnLcg;' f/ ls/ft /f hf …ul:tÚ nfO{ k/f:t u//]  jf wkfP/ lnR5lj /fhjz+ n] gk] fndf zf;g ;?' u/s] f] bl] vG5  . lnR5lj /fhjz+ sf] yfngL sg' ;dobl] v eof,] o;af/] olsg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5g}   . Oltxf;ljb\\ afa/' f d cfrfos{ f cg;' f/ …oxfsF f] ls/ft /fHonfO{ eªu\\ u/L cfˆgf] :j tGq lnR5lj /f Ho :yfkgf ug{ O:j L ;j+ t\\ @%) sf] cf;kf;lt/ lnR5ljx¿ ;dy{ ePsf] bl] v G5 . lnR5ljx¿ gk] fndf cfpge' Gbf cufl8 ef/t sf] dh' ˆkm/k /'  gu/s f] a;f9 eGg] jz} fnLdf :jtGq u0ftGqfTds zf;g k0| ffnLcg;' f/ zf;g rnfpg] uby{  ] . Tof] efudf /fhtGqfTds zf;g k0| ffnL ;b' 9[ xbF' } uPsf] / /f hf chftzqa' f6 k/f lht eO{ O;fsf] ky| d ztfAbLlt/ z/0ffyLs{ f ¿kdf lnR5ljx¿ gk] fn kj| z] u/s] f lyP  . jz} fnLdf zf;g rnfPsf lnR5ljx¿n] oxfsF f e/' ,] 6fs/' ,] ;fdGt /fhfx¿nfO{ x/fO{ zf;gdf sAhf ug{] rfuF g' f/f o0f dlGb/, eQmk/'  84÷g]kfn kl/ro

dxŒjfsfªI\\ ff kb| zg{ u/ ] . t/ lnR5ljx¿sf] ;Qfdf sAhf Tolt ;/n / ;xh geO{ 7n' f] ;ª3\\ if{ / /Q mkftk0\" f{ 36gfaf6 dfq ;Dej ePsf] lyof ] . tTsfnLg zf;s juk{ l| t hgtfsf] tLj| c;Gtfi] f JofKt ePsf] an] fdf hgefjgfsf] cgs' n' lnR5ljx¿n] hg;ª3\\ ifs{ f] gt] T[ j u/s] f lyP  . ls/ftx¿ o4' df xf//]  kj\" L{ eu] df lj:y flkt xg' afWo eP eg] sG] bd| f lnR5ljx¿sf] /f Ho;Qf sfod xg' kU' of ] . hglxtnfO{ a9L :yfg lbg] zf;gJoj:yf, ;Ël7t hghLjg, pGgt cflys{ cj:y f, lzIffsf] :t/, cfsi{ fs snf cflb s/' fn] ubf{ lnR5lj sfnnfO{ gk] fnsf] Oltxf;df :j 0fo{ u' klg dflgPsf] 5  . xg' klg tn' gfTds bl[ i6n] xg] {] xf] eg] of] ou' ;jfl{ Ë0f ljsf;sf] ou' sf] ¿kdf /xs] f] 5  . lnR5lj zf;gsfncGtut{ kmn] f k/s] f] klxnf] kd| fl0ft clenv] /f hf dfgbj] sf] ;g\\ $^$ sf] rfuF s' f] clenv] xf] h;df dfgbj] eGbf cufl8sf tLg k:' t fsf] ljj/0 f lbOPsf] 5  . o;afxs] lnR5lj jz+ sf cf7fF} ztfAbLlt/sf /fhf hobj] sf] kzk' lt clenv] df lnR5lj /fhfx¿sf] ;?' bl] vs} jz+ fjnL nl] vPsf] 5  . t/ o; jz+ fjnLdf lnR5lj /f hfx¿sf] gfdsf] ;§f qmdfÍdfq nl] vPsf] kfOG5  . o; jz+ fjnLsf] cfwf/d f ;g\\ $^$ df rfuF ' clenv] :yfkgf ug{] /fhf dfgbj] lnR5lj jz+ sf #( cfF} /fhfsf] ¿kdf bl] vG5g \\ . dfgbj] cl3sf /fhfsf] ;fnfvfnf zf;g @) jif{ dfgs]  f] v08df dfgbj] eGbf &^) jifc{ l3 cyft{ @(^ O;{ fkj\" d{ f lnR5lj zf;g gk] fndf ;?' ePsf] bl] vG5  . k|l;4 lnR5ljsfnLg zf;sx¿ lnR5ljx¿ dn\" tM ;o\" {jz+ L dflgG5g\\  . cof]Wofsf ;\"o{jz+ L /fhf bz/y sf cf7f}+ k':tfdf lnR5lj eGg] JolQm ePsf] dflgG5 . lnR5lj jz+ df ;'ki' k gfdsf /fhf eP h;nfO{ lnR5lj /fhjz+ sf ;:+ y fks /cflbk?' if klg dflgG5 . ;'k'ik hobj] låtLosf] kzk' lt clenv] df pTsL0f{ jz+ fjnLdf lnR5lj gfd u/s] f /fhfkl5 tx] f| F} k:' t fdf sfdbj] h:t f /f df| ] ¿k/Ë ePsf /fhf ;k' i' k eP elgPsf] 5  . sltkon] /f hf ;k' i' knfO{ g} gk] fnsf ky| d lnR5lj /fhfsf] ¿kdf dfGg] u/s] f] kfOG5  . jz+ fjnLx¿df eg] ;k' i' knfO{ rfy} f] lnR5lj /fhfsf] ¿kdf bv] fOPsf] 5 ;fy} ufk] fn /f hjz+ fjnLdf lognfO{ ;k' i' kbj] , efiff jz+ fjnLdf kzk' i' kjdf{ / /f O6 jz+ fjnLdf kzk' v]| bj] eg/]  gfds/0f ul/P sf] 5  . ufk] fn /fhjz+ fjnLcg;' f/ logn] gk] fndf j0f{ Joj:yf sfod ugs{' f ;fy} kzk' ltsf] bj] n agfpg,] To;df 5fgf xfNg,] ;x/n fO{ ;G' b/ agfpg,] /f Hodf dofb{ f sfod ug{] tyf Gofokj\" s{ kh| fx¿sf] kfng ug{] sfd u/s] f lyP  . o;afxs] /fO6sf] jz+ fjnLdf oL /fhfn] kzk' lt dlGb/d f ;g' sf] 5fgf xfNgs' f ;fy} uh/' ;dt] g]kfn kl/ro÷85

yk/]  cUnf] / eJo tN' ofPsf] pNnv] 5  . o;} u/L /fhf ;k' i' kn] el\" d jf hUuf;DaGwL dofb{ f afwF s] f] s/' fsf] pNnv] ufk] fn /fhjz+ fjnLd} kfOG5  . dfgb]j zf;g ;~rfngdf sz' n dfgbj]  ky| dsf] zf;g sfndf cfP/ gk] fn /f Ho cem Jojl:yt, ljsl;t / alnof] aGof ] . zf:q hfGg,] hgtfnfO{ cfkmg\\ } kl/j f/ 7fGgh] :tf /f hu0' fx¿n] oQ' m oL /fhfn] /fHodf cflys{ pGglt / zflGt Joj:yfåf/f $! jif{ -lj=;=+ %@!–%^@, O={ ;=+ $^$–%)%_ ;Dd cfˆgf] zf;gdf l:y /tf sfod u/ ] . cfˆgf] /fHodf db' f| sf] Joj:y fsf] cltl/Qm snf / ljBf Ifq] sf] ;dt] ljsf; u/ ] . ky| d /f hb/a f/ dfgux[ h:tf] eJo ejg …>L dfgfs+ Ú / …> L efl] ugLÚ cªl\\ st gk] fnsf] ky| d db' f| logs} sfndf tof/ ePsf] lyof ] . logs} ;dobl] v kf| rLg ho jdfs{ f] dl\" t{ gk] fnsf] Oltxf; klg a9L :ki6 / e/k bf{] ePsfn] ky| d kd| fl0fs /fhf logn} fO{ dflgG5  . logsf] /fHo kj\" d{ f sf];L, klZrddf u08sL -sfnLu08sLkf/L dNnk'/L_ / pQ/df lxdfno;Dd kml} nPsf] lyof]  . clen]v / :jtGq 6s cflb kf| dfl0fs s/' fx¿ dfgbj] sf] kfnfbl] v kfOPsf 5g\\  . rfFug' f/fo0fsf] dfgb]j gk[ sf] clenv] lj=;+= %@! -O={ ;=+ $^$_ eGbf dfnLufpFdf k|fKt hoadf{sf]O{=;=+ !^# -;j+ t\\ !)&_ nfO{ k|fKt ;j{kf| rLg k|fdfl0fs clen]v dflgG5  . o;/L ljs|dsf] 5}6 f}F ztfAbLb]lv gk] fnsf] k|fdfl0ft Oltxf; kf| /De ePsf] kfOG5  . dfgb]jkl5 dlxbj] , j;Gtb]j cflb /f hf eP  . j;Gtb]j afns ePsfn] dGqLx¿ /l juK' t / qmdnLn zlQmzfnL eP  . ;+o'Qm zf;g / km/] abn l56f] ePsfn] O={ ;=+ %#^ bl] v %$% ;Dd /fhgLlts cl:y/tf JofKt ePsf] kfOG5  . o;kl5 ef}duK' t, u0fbj] , uu+ fb]j / lzjb]jh:tf ef/b f/x¿lar zlQm ;ª\\3ifh{ :t} eof ] . lzjb]j n] cfˆgf] eflgh c+z'jdf{sf] d2taf6 u'Kt ke| fj arfP klg cz+ j' dfs{ f] ke| 'Tj a9]/ lzjbj] lg:th] aGg ku' ]  . kmn:j ¿k cz+ 'jdf{ /fhf eP  . dGqLn] /fHoflwsf/ lnPsf] of] klxnf] 36gf lyof]  . 86÷g]kfn kl/ro

cz+ j' df{ cz+ j' dfs{ f] zf;gsfn -O={ ;=+ ^)%–^@!_ df gk] fndf vt] L, kzk' fng / Jofkf/d fq xg} k// fi6« ;DaGw / /I ff Joj:y fh:tf rft} kmL{ ljsf;sf sfox{ ¿ eP  . pgn] sn} fzs6' b/a f/ cToGt snfTds eJo / kz| ;+ gLo tj/n] tof/ u/f Psf lyP  . k//fi6« gLlt -ltAat /rLg;uF _ pgs} ;dodf ;kmntfkj\" s{ ;~rflnt eP . pgsf] ;dodf ef/tdf xifj{ 4g{ / ltAatdf ;f| ª] rªuDkfn] ] zlQmzfnL ;fdf| Ho v8f u/s] f xg' fn] ltAat;uF pgn] ;f7F uf7F u/ ] . ltAatL /f hf ;f| ª] rªuDkf;] uF pgn] /fhsd' f/L es[ 6' L -lrh_' sf] ljjfx u/fPsf] s/' f rlrt{ 5  . pgsf] ;dodf kh| fn] wflds{ pbf/tf tyf :jfoQ zf;g;dt] kf| Kt u/s]  f lyP . snf tyf ljBfsf] ;dt]  ljsf; eO{ hghLjg ;;' ªu\\ l7t / pGgt xbF' } uPsf] lyof ] . oL ;a pGglt ku| ltsf] sf/0faf6 gk] fnsf] Oltxf;df pgL g} ;jk{ y| d …d xf/fhflw/f hÚ pkflwkf| Kt zf;s aGg ku'  ] . ljlwjt\\ oj' /f h 3fi] f0ff ug{] rng klg ;jk{ y| d logs} ;dobl] v rNof ] . lxGb\" /f hfsf] ¿kdf pgn] …kzk' ltkfbfgu' x[ LtÚ pkflw;dt] wf/0 f u/s] f lyP  . …kh| flxt ;dfwfgtTk/Ú  tyf …sy+ d] kh| f ;l' vgf ejt] Ú h:tf ljzi] ftfoQ' m 7s/' L jz+ sf logn] …zAb ljBfÚ -Jofs/0f_ klg tof/ u/s] f] al' emG5  . lj=;=+ ^&* lt/ pgsf] dT[ o' eof ] . g/G] bb| j] zf;g ;~rfngdf sz' n g/]Gb|bj] sf] sfos{ fndf O:jLsf] ;ftfF} ztfAbLsf] dWod -O={ ;=+ ^$%–^&(_ tfsf ef]6 -ltAat /rLg_ ;Fu Jofkfl/s ;DaGw :y fkgf xg' 'sf cltl/Qm gk] fnsf k\"j{ / klZrd eu] sf Jofkfl/s a:t L -b|Ë_ x¿sf] k|f/D e x'g uO{ g]kfn sx] L ;do;Dd cGt/f {li6o« Jofkfl/s sG] b| aGof]  . g/]Gbb| ]jn] dxf/fhflw/fhsf] kbjL lnP / …k/d e§f/sÚ sf] k|l;l4 klg kfPsf lyP  . pgn] ebf| lwjf; /fhb/a f/ klg agfP  . pgsf] cf;gdf l;+xsf] cfsl[ t ePsf]n ] l;x+ f;g kr| lnt ePsf] al' emG5  . hob]j låtLo hob]j låtLo -O{=;+= &!#–&@#_ slj xg' 'sf cltl/Qm dn' 's lj:tf/ ug]{ dxfŒjfsfªI\\ fL;dt] ePsfn] lnR5lj zf;sx¿df pgsf] lqmofsnfk klg pNnv] gLo /xs] f] 5  . pgL slj/f hfsf cltl/Q m …k /rqmsfdÚ -csfs{ f] bz] lhTg] clenfiff_ h:t f] pkgfdn] ljel\" ift lyP  . pgsf] sljtf kz'klt lznfnv] df cªl\\ st 5 . lnR5ljsfnsf kd| 'v /fhfx¿ o; k|sf/lyP M ;'k'ik, hob]j k|yd, xl/b Q jdf,{ ji[ fb]j , zs+ /b j] , wdb{ ]j, dfgbj] ky| d, dlxbj] , ;Gtbj] , a;Gtbj] , pbob]j, dfgb]j låtLo, lzjb]j k|yd, c+zj' df{, gk] fn kl/ro÷87

g/G] b|b]j, hobj] låtLo, lzjbj] låtLo, hobj] t[tLo @=$=% kj\" d{ Wo sfn hobj] låtLosf] zf;gsfnkl5 pgsf pQ/f lwsf/Lsf] ¿kdf /xs] f -clenv] df pQ/flwsf/L egL lsl6Psf_ ljhobj] sf] zf;g klg gk] fndf lglZrt ¿kn] rns] f] eg] kfOG5  . ljhobj] kl5sf zf;sx¿af/d] f ;j;{ fw/0fåf/f /f lvPsf clenv] , x:tlnlvt uG| y, jz+ fjnLcg;' f/ u0' fsfdbj] , dfgbj] tt[ Lo, anL/f h, anbj] , dfgbj] rty' { -*&& O={ _ sf ;fy} /f 3jbj] -O={ ;=*&(_ /fhf ePsf] kfOG5  . u'0fsfdb]j O{=;+= (*& / (() ;Ddsf @ cf6] f clenv] x¿df u'0fsfdb]jn] sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf zf;g u/]sf] pNn]v 5  . Oltxf;sf/ ssk{ fl6s« sf cg';f/ logsf] zf;gsfn !* jif{ /x]sf] lyof ] . logn] pdfdx]Zj/sf] dl\" t{ :yfkgf ug{s' f ;fy} kzk' ltgfy dlGb/ kl/;/d f /x]sf] OzfgZ] j/ dlGb/d f tfdfsf] 5fgf, ;Qn tyf ;'Gwf/f agfPsf lyP  . logn] sfi7d08k, d?;Qn / d?lx6L;d]tsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP  . @=$=^ l;d|fg} u9sf] s0ff6{ s /fHo l;d|fg} u9df /xs] f] :tDe, af/f l;d|fg} u9 gf/fo0fL c~rnsf] af/f lhNnfdf kb{5  . o;sf] k|frLg gfd l;d/f– jgu9 lyof]  . To; an] f 7n' f a:tL ePsf ;a} If]qx¿ ;/' I ffsf] lx;fan] u9 -lsNnf_ sf] ¿kdf kl/0ft ul/P sf x'Gy ] . o:t f lsNnfx¿ hËnsf] lardf ;dt] ags] f xG' y]  . jgleq ags] f] u9nfO{ …jgu9Ú jf …j gb'u{Ú elgGYof ] . hg' 7fpsF f] jgdf ;f] u9 ags] f] x'GYof] ToxL gfd ljz]if k|rlnt xG' Yof]  . l;d/fsf] 88÷gk] fn kl/ro