tech-2023_03(110)

["\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Table 1. Technical characteristics of odorant \u2116 Indicators Value \u04212H5SH 1 Chemical formula liquid 2 Status 62,1 0,810-0,840 3 Molar table, g\/mol 51,4 -51,6 -144,4...-148 4 Density in standard conditions, g \/ cm3 34,7-37 5 Sulfur content, % 6 Melting temperature, \u00b0C 299 7 Boiling temperature, \u00b0C 261 75-08-1 Self-ignition temperature, \u00b0C, (\u00b10.5%) 0,839-0,856 under standard conditions 8 in the air in oxygen 9 Identification of the raki CAS # 10 Specific weight in liquid state Also, the odorant must comply with the require- Table 2. ments listed in Table 2 in terms of quality indicators [3,4]. Odorant quality indicators Index naming Designation for the brand Test method \u0421\u041f\u041c \u0421\u041f\u041c - 1 1. Fractional composition: 35 \u2022 The beginning of boiling, \u00b0C, not low \u2022 80% volume. boils, \u00b0C, not more 95 - ethylmercaptan Up to 44.0 % GOST 2177 by Method A - izo-propilmerkaptan Up to 31,0% - butylmerkaptan Up to 11,0% Up to \u041f\u0420 51-31323949-63 - n-propilmerkaptan Up to 6,0% Up to \u041f\u0420 51-31323949-63 - tert-butyl mercaptan Up to 5,0% According to GOST 5066 and 7.3 TSH - n-butyl mercaptan Up to 1,5% - tetrahydrothiophene Up to 1,5% Visual 2. Mercaptan sulfur mass ulugi,%, not less 37 3. Amount of hydrogen sulfide Not available 4. Dimming temperature, \u00b0C, not high Minus 15 5. Amount of Free Waters Not available The condensate is produced from the gas content of Degassing processes are carried out to stabilize unstable the primary treatment facilities of gas fields (Somon- condensate [4]. tepa, Dengizkol, Ortabulok) with a relatively high con- tent of sulfur compounds from our local fields. The The starting raw material of the Odorant intake de- released condensate is unstable and contains a mixture vice is condensate, which is separated from the gas com- of light volatile hydrocarbon components and mercaptans. position and stabilized. Its chemical composition is given in the table below (Table 3): 38","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Table 3. Stable condensate chemical composition Component Composition of degassing gases Unstable condensate composition composition Molar share, Mass fraction, Mass, g Mass, g Mass fraction, Mass fraction, CH4 %% %% C2H6 C3H8 88,19 588,53 0,2 0,2 0,265 2,359 iC4H10 nC4H10 1,63 20,39 0,007 0,007 0,009 0 iC5H12 nC5H12 0,34 6,24 0,002 0,002 0,003 0 C6H14+\u044e N2 0,084 2,03 0,001 0,001 0,001 0 CO2 Sulfur compounds 0,079 1,91 0,001 0,001 0,001 0 All 0,11 3,3 0,001 0,001 0,001 0 0,09 2,7 0,001 0,001 0,001 0 0,188 6,91 0,002 75,22 99,651 97,396 0,65 7,58 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,019 4,14 75,79 0,026 0,026 0,034 0,107 4,5 63,8 0,022 0,022 0,029 0,118 100 779,17 0,266 75,4844 100 100 Methods Regeneration of alkali in desorption process: 2RSNa + H2O \u2194 RSSR + 2NaOH In the processes of gas preparation, a mixture of mercaptans will also be present in the condensate sepa- Results rated from the gas composition Based on the technology of alkaline purification of hydrocarbon raw materials A sample of the resulting mixture of mercaptans from mercaptans, two main reactions lie in the formation was taken, the composition of which was studied of sodium mercaptides in the interaction of mercaptans according to GOST 2177 method A. The composition of with toxic sodium [1-4]: the mixture of mercaptans obtained as a result of the research carried out was studied. The results of the study RSH + NaOH \u2194 RSNa + H2O are presented in Table 4 below: The composition of the resulting mixture of mercaptans Table 4. Test method Index naming Designation for the brand 1. Fractional composition: \u0421\u041f\u041c \u0421\u041f\u041c - 1 \u2022 The beginning of boiling, \u00b0C, not low \u2022 80% volume. boils, \u00b0C, not more 37 98 - ethylmercaptan 29,6 % GOST 2177 by Method A - iso-propyl mercaptan 37,2% - butyl mercaptan 14,4% - n-propyl mercaptan 10,3% - tert-butyl mercaptan 5,5% - n-butyl mercaptan 1,8% - tetrahydrothiophene 1,2% Analysis of results Conclusion The odorant Kagan, obtained on the basis of a As a result of this research work, it was possible to mixture of mercaptans in the composition of stable improve the quality of stable condensates with sulfur condensates of our local deposits, was experimentally compounds supplied to oil refineries and to produce tested at the main gas pipeline Department [4]. In doing imported substitute products based on domestic raw so, it was found that the natural gas transmitted through materials. Also, the service life of technological the main pipeline was able to give a special smell to equipment in the processes of storage, transportation natural gas when using the odorant drip input method, and processing of stable condensate is extended. and this fully corresponds to the requirements for combustible natural gases directed to the main pipelines. 39","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. References: 1. Bekirov T.M., Lanchakov G.A. Technology processing gas and condensate-M.: OOO \\\"Nedra-Biznestsentr\\\", 1999. \u2013 596 p. 2. V.I. Murin and others. Processing of natural gas and condensate: Reference book: B2 h. - M .: Nedra-Business Center LLC, 2002. Part 1. - 517s. 3. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0418.\u0410., \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041d.\u0410., \u0416\u0430\u0433\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0424.\u0413. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438: \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d.\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0410.\u041b. \u041b\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u2013 \u041c.: \u0420\u0413\u0423 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430, 2004. -143\u0441. 4. \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u0424 \u2116 2006130212\/04, 21.08.2006. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \/\/ \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u2116 2317978. 2006. \u0411\u044e\u043b. \u2116 6. \/ \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0421.\u0418., \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0421.\u0410., \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0418. [\u0438 \u0434\u0440.]. 40","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REAGENTS IN THE OIL PRODUCTION INDUSTRY Yamaletdinova Aygul teacher, Bukhara engineering and technological institute Uzbekistan, Bukhara \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0425\u0418\u041c\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0425 \u0420\u0415\u0410\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0422\u041e\u0412 \u0412 \u041d\u0415\u0424\u0422\u0415\u0414\u041e\u0411\u042b\u0412\u0410\u042e\u0429\u0415\u0419 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041c\u042b\u0428\u041b\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u042f\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u0439\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043d, \u0433. \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430 ABSTRACT In this article, chemical reagents used in the processes of oil production, preparation and transportation for the purpose of bringing it into a commodity state in the oil-producing fields have been investigated. It is stated that these chemical reagents serve to improve oil production, its preparation and transmission, to protect the equipment used from corrosion and to enhance the working cycle. \u0410\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0422A\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440- \u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0438, \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430. Keywords: oil, surface-active substance, inhibitor, deemulsifier, precipitate, salt, reagent, well, viscosity. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0434\u0435\u044d\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction. The main advantage of oil and gas is \u2022 quantity and quality of oil reserves; the low cost of oil and gas extraction compared to other \u2022 improvement of mining and oil production anal- energy sources, their waste-free processing and obtain- ysis and technologies; ing various products. However, oil and gas resources are \u2022 changes in the price of oil and other energy carriers; limited, however, their production exceeds the produc- \u2022 changes in the demand for oil and its use; tion of other fuels. The existence of oil reserves and the \u2022 development of energy saving policy; fact that it can be exported plays a huge role in the eco- \u2022 replacing oil with other types of energy carriers nomic and social development of oil-rich countries. De- and so on. spite the large production of oil, the demand for it is In the extraction of oil raw materials from oil fields, growing faster. Oil consumption doubles every 20 years. various organic or inorganic chemical reagents are used In recent years, the amount of oil reserves has been in- separately and in the form of their compositions, they creased with the help of methods of efficient extraction are mainly obtained from bulk wastes generated in pet- of oil reserves from the used fields and methods of in- rochemical or other types of production. In such cases, creasing the ability of the layer to yield oil, but these op- raw materials purchased from abroad and working portunities are also limited [1]. agents introduced into the oil production system differ from each other, that is, different compositions are used Materials. Currently, oil reserves in the fields have as working agents in mining conditions. decreased significantly, and the extracted product is The modern technological process of oil production highly diluted, and the price of oil is increasing. mainly consists of 11 links, each of which is an object for introducing a certain amount of chemical reagents The level of oil production is affected by the follow- (Fig.1)[1,2,3]. ing group of factors, which are closely related to each other: __________________________ \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: Yamaletdinova A.A. APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REAGENTS IN THE OIL PRO- DUCTION INDUSTRY \/\/ Universum: \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 : \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d. \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d. 2023. 5(110). URL: https:\/\/7universum.com\/ru\/tech\/archive\/item\/15567","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Figure 1. Scheme for the introduction of chemical reagents into the oil production system Table 1 shows the functional importance of the rea- as anti-salt precipitation inhibitors in the Kokdumalak oil gent, the place of introduction of the reagent, and the and gas condensate field belonging to the Muborak Oil and purpose of the introduction of the reagent based on the Gas Production Department. Currently, K-1 demulsifier characteristics determined according to the scheme of purchased from China is used as demulsifier. Desalting introduction of chemical reagents into the oil production chemical reagents SP 2882 salt-precipitating inhibitors system. are used to separate the main chloride salts in the mining product. \\\"Donoks SKAL-3\\\" inhibitor is used in technolog- From the scheme of introduction of chemical reagents ical and pumping waters to prevent formation of deposits into the oil production system, it can be seen that each of inorganic salts in mine technological equipment and link is necessarily an object of introduction of some communications [5]. Also, domestic DEKS-017 demulsi- kind of chemical reagent. For example, to increase the fier and KS-017I corrosion inhibitor, GHR-017 anti-salt oil production capacity of the well, the impact joint is precipitation inhibitor produced by \\\"Global Him Reagent\\\" directly the productive layer, and the chemical reagent LLC are used [6]. facility is the drive well pumping station. Results. The main place of introduction of demulsi- The main place in the introduction of chemical rea- fiers is oil production facilities, but to prevent the for- gents for various purposes is occupied by an oil well. mation of water-oil emulsion in the first place, it is more The chemical reagents introduced into the oil well or effective to introduce the chemical reagent into the subsurface area make up two-thirds of the total amount. wells. The introduction of demulsifiers leads to the for- Some chemical reagents with the same functional im- mation of formation waters and salts and the formation portance can be included in several objects in the tech- of deposits as a result of the adsorption of salt deposits nological chain of oil production. Such chemical on the metal surface. reagents include demulsifiers, pump efficiency-increasing reagents, corrosion inhibitors, and salt-precipitation in- Table 1. hibitors. For example, \\\"SNPX-5312S\\\" inhibitor is used Areas of use and purpose of chemical reagents \u2116 Functional significance Place of introduction The purpose of the introduction of the reagent of the reagent of the reagent 1 Well productivity booster PWA-2 Increase the permeability of the pre-wellbore area (PWA). 2 Against asphalt-tar-paraffin Oil well Prevention of ATPD formation in lifting pipes, deposits pump, bar, etc Breaking the water-oil emulsion 3 D\u0435emulsifiers Oil treatment plant (OTP) Reducing the hydraulic pressure in the pipeline 4 Structuring gas-liquid flow Oil well Improve descriptions 5 Increase the efficiency Pump station of the equipment 42","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. \u2116 Functional significance Place of introduction The purpose of the introduction of the reagent of the reagent of the reagent 6 Additives for suppressing Oil well Creating a high density in the layer wells 7 Water flow restriction PWA-2 Oil dehydration 8 Salt inhibitor PWA-2, Oil treatment plant (OTP) Avoid formation of salt in the well, pipes and OTP 9 Corrosion inhibitor Oil well, WTP, PWA-2 Against corrosion of metal elements 10 Increasing oil field Pump station, injection well Increase the oil yield of the layer 11 Cleaning of sewage water Water treatment plant (WTP) Improving the quality of water treatment 12 Driver well water intake PWA-1 Increase the permeability of PWA-1 booster 13 Hydrooxime attenuation Measuring devices, OTP Prevention of pressure drop 14 Kills sulfate-reducing bacte- Pump station Extinguishing the activity of sulfate-reducing bac- ria (S\u041aB). teria But in this case, although chemical processing of the tinuously. In the initial period of the use of wells, chem- well raw materials coming to the oil production facility ical reagents are mainly used to isolate structures. As the is certainly performed, the total amount of reagent con- hydration of the well product increases, the introduction sumption is reduced and the quality and efficiency of of demulsifiers for oil, corrosion and salt precipitation obtaining commodity oil increases. Introduction of de- inhibitors, and chemical reagents that increase the oil yield mulsifiers is carried out simultaneously in both facili- of the formation increases. Chemical reagents used at the ties. The introduction of demulsifiers into the well with same time in facilities of oil extraction, preparation and the help of the drive pumps is the U.W.F. of the well transportation system can be several tens and hundreds pumps or gas lift. increases, especially the efficiency of of types. Their names and content are always changing. water pumps increases. Anti-salting inhibitors are ap- For this reason, test and research works are constantly plied to oil wells and the area near the bottom of the oil being carried out in mining conditions, the effectiveness well formation, preventing the formation of salt deposits of reagents is determined, and new types are used. at the earliest stage. But the introduction of the inhibitor requires additional unloading and installation work. In recent years, one of the main ways to increase the Therefore, it is economically beneficial to treat wells productivity of wells is to influence the natural permea- with salt-precipitation inhibitors during planned and cat- bility of the productive layer, in which the treatment of astrophic repair work. Despite this, the introduction of the layer itself and, in particular, the area near the bottom salt-precipitation inhibitors into the wells themselves of the well, with the help of chemical reagents is becom- remains one of the most common methods [1, 5, 6]. ing widespread. Because the use of effective chemical reagents against the swelling of rocks in the productive Corrosion inhibitors are mainly applied to 5 facili- part of the used well, the formation of salt deposits of ties: PWA-2, the well, at the exit from the oil preparation various salts in the formation waters, the formation of facility, pumping stations and drive wells. The next fa- stable emulsions and other such remains one of the cilities in the technological chain are the most dangerous important tasks in the field. But all types of chemical parts in terms of corrosion activity in mining conditions, reagents used are mainly imported from abroad [4, 7]. due to the rapid acceleration of the environment's corro- sion activity due to the influence of layer water and min- All anomalous phenomena in nature - erosion, cor- eral salts in the facilities after the well pumping station. rosion, salt deposition, etc. - cause great damage to the Therefore, it is advisable to introduce corrosion inhibi- economy. There are two ways to prevent anomalous tors to oil production facilities in order to prevent corro- events: without reagents and with the help of chemical sion caused by formation waters. reagents. Reagent-free methods of dealing with anomalous phenomena include methods that require large amounts Discussion. Chemical reagents used to increase the of capital, such as magnetic treatment, pipe surface protec- oil field of the well are carried out through pumping sta- tion with coatings, and electric current treatment. tions. Periodic treatment and exposure to the layer with highly concentrated solutions directly in clear drive Combating anomalous phenomena using chemical wells gives good results. During large-scale exposure to reagents is based on demineralization of water using ion the layer with chemical reagents, there is no need to ad- exchange resins and the use of salt-precipitation inhibitors. ditionally treat it with bactericides using drive wells. To increase the efficiency of regeneration of the main work- The process of oil extraction, transportation and ing agent of the system, special secondary chemical re- preparation until the initial commodity state includes a agents are included in highly concentrated solutions complex system, and this process is carried out in the [2,4,6]. field conditions in all oil fields. Solid deposits in the form of inorganic substances are formed in the equipment and The use of chemical reagents at various stages of devices used in the process, depending on the composition well operation can be carried out continuously and con- of the oil raw materials extracted from the layer. Formation of sediments is observed in well pump-compressor pipe- lines, oil collection and transportation communications on the ground, and especially in oil preparation devices [6,7]. 43","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Combating the formation of salt deposits in oil pro- conditions, composition and properties of the layers sat- duction depends on choosing a solution to this problem urated with fluids. An important part of the monitoring using a comprehensive approach. In this case, the cor- of chemical reagents should be checking their compati- rect choice of methods of preventing the formation of bility, determining their individual and mutual effects on salt deposits is determined by the fact that they are most technological processes. No new reagent, whether it is effective and economically based in the conditions of an oil-yielding composition or a corrosion inhibitor, specific mines. should not be used until it has been thoroughly investi- gated for its effect on other technological processes. Conclusion. It should be noted that, as well as the The testing of chemical reagents should be carried out content of the chemical reagent, its rate is selected for in realistic thermobaric conditions suitable for the mine, each deposit depending on the geological and physical using specific technological fluids. References: 1. Ibragimov G.Z., Sorokin V.A., Xisamutdinov N.I. Ximicheskie reagenti dlya dobichi nefti. Spravochnik rabochego. \u2014 M.: Nedra, 1986. 240 s. 2. N.R.Yusupbekov, D. Yusupov, Uvarov V.A. i dr. Perspektivi proizvodstva i potrebleniya ingibitorov anomalnix yavleniy. \/\/ Uzbek, jurnal nefti i gaza, 2004, \u21163, - s. 41-42. 3. Yusupov D., Karimov A.U. Sostoyanie i perspektiva proizvodstva i primenenie ingibitorov korrozii v Respublike. \/\/ Standart, 2005, \u2116 3, -s.35. 4. Gadoyev B., & Yamaletdinova A. (2022). Analysis of surface-active properties of reagents used for oil preparation. Science and Education, 3(3), 166-171. 5. Adizov, B., Sattorov, M., Yamaletdinova, A., & Bokieva, S. (2022, December). Analysis of efficiency of chemical reagents used in destruction of oil emulses in local deposits. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1112, No. 1, p. 012009). IOP Publishing. 6. Yamaletdinova A.A. (2022). Adizov BZ ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION METHODS FOR HIGH-VISCOSITY LOCAL OILS. Universum: \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438: \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d. \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d, 11, 104. 7. Sattorov M.O., Yamaletdinova A.A., & Bokieva Sh.K. Improvement of oil fluidity with the use of a combination method for reducing viscosity. scientific. journal. 2020. 11 (80). URL: https:\/\/7universum. com\/ru\/tech\/archive\/item\/10976 DOI, 10, 11-4. 44","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. ENERGY INDUSTRY DOI - 10.32743\/UniTech.2023.110.5.15476 \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 SOLAR PANELS. STUDY OF THEIR ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS Zikrillayev Khayrulla Assistant professor of Tashkent State Technical University, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Sodiqov Timur Basic doctoral student at the department of Alternative Energy Sources of Tashkent State Technical University, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected] \u0421\u041e\u041b\u041d\u0415\u0427\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u041f\u0410\u041d\u0415\u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410. \u0418\u0421\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0418\u0425 \u042d\u041b\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0418\u0417\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0425 \u041f\u0410\u0420\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0412 \u0417\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0424\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0433. \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0438\u0451\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0433. \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442 ABSTRACT This article provides information Korean-made solar panels called \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410, which were installed at the first pho- tovoltaic station in Uzbekistan. The authors at this station carried out research work, during which they analyzed the real current state of solar panels, carried out measuring work of some electro physical parameters of the panels. For analysis, comparison, as well as obtaining practical conclusions in order to continue the scientific research work the authors man- ually cleaned the surface of the modules from dust then measured and calculated their parameters. After that authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to devise a system for cleaning solar panels with the lowest energy consumption for their own needs in order to increase their electro physical parameters. \u0410\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e- \u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u044b\u043b\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438- \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410, \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f. Keywords: renewable energy sources, photovoltaic station, solar panel \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410, power, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, standard test conditions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: Zikrillayev K., Sodiqov T. \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 SOLAR PANELS. STUDY OF THEIR ELEC- TROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS \/\/ Universum: \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 : \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d. \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d. 2023. 5(110). URL: https:\/\/7universum.com\/ru\/tech\/archive\/item\/15476","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Introduction. The fact that now in many countries Main part. It is known that Uzbekistan is sunny of the world there is shortage resources including energy country, where according to forecasts the aggregated so- resources. First of all, this is due to the fact that the re- lar potential is 9000 billion kWh\/year [2, p.3]. To pre- serves of fossil energy sources such as gas, coil, fue oil, vent further climate change, reduce dependence on oil are depleted over time. But, the above sources of en- traditional energy sources, as well as achieve carbon ergy during long-term use significantly pollute the envi- neutrality the country has been actively working for almost ronment and greatly harm to the ecology due to CO2 10 years. For example, in 2015 the first photovoltaic sta- emissions into the atmosphere, as a result of which tion with a capacity 126.6 kW (P\u2248130 kW) was launched global climate change is observed, unfortunately for the in the country in a test mode, which was built at the worst side [1, p. 1]. These facts require us to look for new expense of grant funds from the Korean side. T\u041eP SUN, harmless sources of energy that will provide the necessary JS\u0420V, S-\u0415N\u0415RGY and \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 solar panels were in- energy in the future. In this regard renewable energy stalled in the station by Korean companies that are mem- sources are becoming relevant because they are ecological ber of the Kore\u0430 Photovoltaic Industry Association. clean, don\u2019t harm the environment and most importantly Below consider \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 solar panel. they are renewable. A) B) Figure 1. General view of the solar panel \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410. A \u2013 Initial state, B- Current state In Fig.1. shows a general view of the \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 tested at Standard Testing Conditions (STC) defined as solar panel, where you can see that the solar cells are made irradiance of 1000 W\/m2, at AM 1.5 solar spectrum and of polycrystalline silicon (poly - Si) and the surface of a temperature of 25+20 C. Module power class have pos- the current state of the panel (B) is heavily soiled. Table itive power sorting: 0 to + 5W, measurement tolerance: No. 1 shows the electrical characteristics initial state of +\/- 3% (Pmax). the panel, where parameters Pmax, Voc, Isc, Vmpp and Impp Table 1. Electrical parameters of HANWHA solar panel Power class 250 W Maximum power (Pmax) 250 W Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 37.7 V Short Circuit Current (Isc) 8.79 A Voltage at Maximum Power (Vmpp) 30.4 V Current at Maximum Power (Impp) 8.23 A MODULE EFFICIENCY (\u0397) 15.5 % From practice it is known that solar panel operate parameters. To identify these changes, we carried out re- outdoors, experiencing various natural phenomena such search work at the above station (Fig.2.) and the values as rain, snow, hail, wind, dust, abnormal heat and frost obtained by measuring during the research are shown in which contributes to a change in their characteristics and table No. 2. 46","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Figure 2. Scientific research process Electrical parameters of the current state of HANWHA solar panel Table 2. t, time \u0415, W\/m2 Ishc, A Voc, V 9:15 131.8 1.29 34.14 10:15 593 5.36 33.91 11:15 652 6.04 33.66 12:15 656 5.92 33.28 13:15 574 4.62 33.24 14:15 478 3.33 33.09 15:15 243 1.74 33.48 16:15 157 0.89 33.15 17:00 27.6 0.12 31.37 17:15 15.6 0.02 30.30 From the values shown in the table you can see that dirty. Therefore, for comparison we manually cleaned compared to the passport data these parameters differ the \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 solar panel during the research (Fig. No. significantly. This is due to the fact that the level of dust content in the territory of the station is above the norm, 3) and by measurement the value of the parameters of there is no system for cleaning panels from dust and the cleaned panel was obtained. 47","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. Figure 3. Solar panel manual cleaning process Table No. 3 shows the obtained parameters of the is assumed that the solar radiation flux density E (W\/m2) \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 solar panel after manual cleaning, where it before and after cleaning is the same value. Table 3. Electrical parameters of HANWHA solar panel after cleaning t, time \u0415, W\/m2 Ishc, A Voc, V 9:15 131.8 1.42 34.15 10:15 593 5.49 34.44 11:15 652 7.54 33.48 12:15 656 7.33 33.34 13:15 574 6.70 33.33 14:15 478 5.13 33.62 15:15 243 3.02 33.79 16:15 157 1.49 33.46 17:00 27.6 1.41 32.11 17:15 15.6 0.06 31.17 Table No. 3 shows that the parameters of the solar comparison. The empirical formula for calculating the panel after cleaning have increased significantly. It fol- power of solar panels is as follows: lows thence to increase energy efficiency it is necessary to always clean the surface of the modules from dust and P = Isc*Voc*\u03be, (1) dirty. From the well-known formula (1), we also calcu- lated the value of the power generated before and after where, Isc \u2013 short circuit current (Amper); Voc - open cleaning this solar panel and construct a graph for their circuit voltage (volt); \u03be \u2013 fill coefficient which we accept provisionally equal to 0.754 for all calculations. Figure 4. Power comparison graph 48","\u2116 5 (110) \u043c\u0430\u0439, 2023 \u0433. As can be seen from graph above, the generated 2. The electrophysical parameters of the power after manual cleaning is significantly higher than \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 solar panels of the photovoltaic power plant the power before cleaning. For example, at 11:15 have significantly decreased in recent years due to the o\u2019clock, when the radiation was the highest, the gener- high level of dust in the plant area. ated power after cleaning was equal 190.33 W and the power before cleaning was 153.26 W, which is 24% less. 4. After manual cleaning of the \u041d\u0410NW\u041d\u0410 solar At 17:00 o\u2019clock, the power before cleaning is 2.83 W, panel its electrophysical parameters increased, since after cleaning it is 34.13 W, which is 11% more. This dust and dirt accumulated on the surface of the panel indicates that should always clean the surface of the so- prevent the passage of sunlight resulting in a decrease in lar panels from dust and dirty in order to get more en- the energy efficiency of the solar panel. ergy. 5. In order to prevent a further decrease in the elec- Conclusion. And so it can be concluded that: trophysical parameters of the solar panels of the station 1. The share of solar energy in the energy sector of the authors propose to devise a new, unique, low energy- our country will increase significantly in the near future intensive and most importantly automatic cleaning sys- due to its widespread introduction, also solar energy will tem, because participation of personnel in the cleaning play a key role in achieving carbon neutrality. process is very unacceptable and to some extent leads to an untimely increase in energy efficiency. References: 1. Zikrillayev Kh.F., Sodiqov T.B. Prospects for the development of renewable energy sources. \/\/ International scien- tific conference in memory of Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Ernst Herbertovich Boos. (Almaty, 27\u2014february, 2023 y.). \u2013 Kazakhstan, 2023. \u2014PP.17\u201419. 2. Mirzabekov Sh.M., Sodiqov T.B. Introduction of alternative energy sources into the Uzbek energy system. \/\/ The role of advanced innovative technologies in solving problems of automation and energy, aimed at improving the energy efficiency of production and the social sphere. International scientific and practical conference. (Namangan, 24\u2014July, 2021 y.) \u2013 Uzbekistan, 2021. \u2014PP.763\u2014769. 49","\u0414\u041b\u042f \u0417\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u041e\u041a","\u0414\u041b\u042f \u0417\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u041e\u041a","\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b UNIVERSUM: \u0422\u0415\u0425\u041d\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0415 \u041d\u0410\u0423\u041a\u0418 \u2116 5(110) \u041c\u0430\u0439 2023 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 8 \u0421\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u041c\u0418: \u042d\u041b \u2116 \u0424\u0421 77 \u2013 54434 \u043e\u0442 17.06.2013 \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u041c\u0426\u041d\u041e\u00bb 123098, \u0433. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043c 5, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 1, \u043a. 74 E-mail: [email protected] www.7universum.com \u041e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b-\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u00abAllprint\u00bb 630004, \u0433. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a, \u0412\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c, 3 16+"]