farklı kadro yayınları ayt sorubankası 2021

["\u00dcN\u0130TE 4 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: ba\u011f enerjisi, ekzotermik tepkime, endotermik tepkime, entalpi, Hess Yasas\u0131, standart olu\u015fum en- talpisi, tepkime entalpisi \u25ba\t TEPKIMELERDE ISI DE\u011eI\u015eIMI \t Tepkimelerde meydana gelen enerji de\u011fi\u015fimlerini a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Tepkimelerin ekzotermik ve endotermik olmas\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fiyle ili\u015fkilendirilir. \t b.\t Ekzotermik ve endotermik tepkimelerin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131nda bili\u015fim teknolojilerinden (animasyon, sim\u00fclas- yon, video vb.) yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t OLU\u015eUM ENTALPISI \t Standart olu\u015fum entalpileri \u00fczerinden tepkime entalpilerini hesaplar. \t a.\t Standart olu\u015fum entalpileri tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \t b.\t Tepkime entalpisi potansiyel enerji-tepkime koordinat\u0131 grafi\u011fi \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t c.\t \u00d6\u011frencilerin tepkime entalpilerine ili\u015fkin elektronik tablolama program\u0131 kullanarak grafik olu\u015fturmalar\u0131, de\u011ferleri de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fimleri g\u00f6zlemlemeleri ve yorumlamalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u25ba\t BA\u011e ENERJILERI \t Ba\u011f enerjileri ile tepkime entalpisi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t Olu\u015fan ve k\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u011f enerjileri \u00fczerinden tepkime entalpisi hesaplamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\t TEPKIME ISILARININ TOPLANABILIRLI\u011eI \t Hess Yasas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t Hess Yasas\u0131 ile ilgili hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r.","EKZOTERM\u0130K VE ENDOTERM\u0130K OLAYLAR Test \/ 1 1.\t Entalpi 4.\tH2SO4(suda) + 2KOH(suda) \u2192 Entalpi De\u011fi\u015fimi \u00dcr\u00fcnler \t \t\t K2SO4(suda) + 2H2O(s) Bir sistemin belirli ko\u015fullarda sa- hip oldu\u011fu enerji toplam\u0131n\u0131 ifade Girenler \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, eden de\u011fi\u015fkene entalpi ad\u0131 verilir. \t I.\t Ekzotermik bir tepkimedir. Entalpi H ile g\u00f6sterilen, madde Zaman \t II.\t Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6zelti zamanla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fen ve \t III.\t \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131, girenlerinkinden birimi joule olan bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t Yukar\u0131da zamanla entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi veri- Maddelerin entalpi de\u011feri fiziksel len grafik, daha azd\u0131r. haline, ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve mik- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? tar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. \t I.\t C + O2 \u2192 CO2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Fiziksel veya kimyasal olaylar s\u0131- ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan ya da verilen \u0131s\u0131- \t II.\t H2O \u2192 H2 + 1 \u2009O2 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ya ise entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi (\u2206H) ad\u0131 2 verilir.. Entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olaylar ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \t III.\t HCl + NaOH \u2192 NaCl + H2O tepkimelerinden hangilerine ait olabilir? 1. Ekzotermik Olaylar \u2022\t Is\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan olaylard\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \tN2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t2NH3(g) + 22 kkal 5.\t D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin daha kararl\u0131 \u2022\t \u2206H < 0\u2019d\u0131r. Entalpi oldu\u011fu bir tepkime ile ilgili, 2.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangisinin \t I.\t Ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 Girenler tepkimenin kendili\u011finden devam etme- entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan t\u00fcr\u00fc hatal\u0131 sini sa\u011flar. olarak verilmi\u015ftir? \t II.\t Yanma tepkimesi olabilir. \u00dcr\u00fcnler \t\t Tepkime T\u00fcr\u00fc \t III.\t Sentez tepkimesi olabilir. \t A)\t N2+ O2 \u2192 2NO\t Endotermik \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Zaman \t B)\t H2 + O2 \u2192 H2O2\t Ekzotermik \t C)\t CI + e\u2013 \u2192 CI\u2013\t\t Ekzotermik \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u2022\t \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin toplam entalpisi, gi- \t D)\t He + e\u2013 \u2192 He\u2013\t Ekzotermik renlerinkinden daha azd\u0131r. \t E)\t Na \u2192 Na+ + e\u2013\t Endotermik \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00fcr\u00fcnler daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r. \u2022\t Ba\u015flat\u0131lan tepkime kendili\u011fin- den devam eder. \u2022\t Yo\u011fu\u015fma, donma, geri s\u00fcblim- le\u015fme, k\u0131ra\u011f\u0131la\u015fma \tX(g) \u2192 X(s) \u2192 X(k) 3.\t Gaz haldeki n\u00f6tr bir atomun bir elektron 6.\t 1.\t Erime \u2022\t N\u00f6trle\u015fme, \tHCI(suda) + NaOH(suda) \u2192 almas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimine elektron \t 2.\t N\u00f6trle\u015fme \tNaCI(suda) + H2O(s)+ \u0131s\u0131 ilgisi denir. \t 3.\t Yo\u011fu\u015fma \t 4.\t S\u00fcblimle\u015fme \u2022\t Yanma \t Buna g\u00f6re, \tCH4 + 2O2 \u2192 CO2 + 2H2O+ \u0131s\u0131 \t I.\t 1H \t 5.\t Ba\u011flar\u0131n kopmas\u0131 \u2022\t Olu\u015fma \u2013 Sentez \t II.\t 9F \t Yukar\u0131daki olaylar entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi t\u00fcr\u00fc \tH2 + CI2 \u2192 2HCI+ \u0131s\u0131 \t III.\t 10Ne a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir d\u00fczene g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanmaya \u2022\t Elektron ilgisi, \t elementlerinden hangilerinin elektron \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \tF(g) + e\u2212 \u2192 F(\u200a\u2212g)+ \u0131s\u0131 ilgisi \u0131s\u0131 veren (ekzotermik) t\u00fcrdendir? \t Buna g\u00f6re, hangi iki olay\u0131n yeri de\u011fi\u015f- \u2022\t Ba\u011f olu\u015fumu, tirilirse s\u0131ralama endotermik \u2013 ekzoter- mik .... d\u00fczenine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr? \t2H \u2192 H2\u200a\u2006+\u2006\u0131s\u0131 \t ekzotermik olaylard\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) 1 ve 2\u2001 B) 2 ve 3\u2001 C) 3 ve 4 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 3 ve 5\u2001 E) 4 ve 5\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 103 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","EKZOTERM\u0130K VE ENDOTERM\u0130K OLAYLAR Test \/ 1 2. Endotermik Olaylar 7.\t I.\t Sentez 10.\t I.\t 2CO + O2 \u2192 2CO \u2022\t Is\u0131 alarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylar- \t II.\t Yanma \t II.\t H \u2013 F \u2192 H + F d\u0131r. \t III.\t N\u00f6trle\u015fme \t III.\t HF + NH3 \u2192 NH4F \t IV.\t Analiz \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangilerinin \tH2O(g) + 68,5 kkal \u2192 \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkime t\u00fcrlerinden hangi- \tH2(g) zamanla entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, + 1 O2(g) 2 Entalpi Girenler \u2022\t Entalpi \t lerinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi i\u00e7in kesinlikle B \u00dcr\u00fcnler \u201cpozitiftir\u201d ya da \u201cnegatiftir\u201d yorumunu yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr? A Girenler \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) II, III ve IV\u2001 \u00dcr\u00fcnler Zaman \u2206H = B \u2013 A > 0 \t Zaman \t grafikteki gibidir? Bu nedenle endotermik tepkimeler \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III X + \u0131s\u0131 \u2192 Y \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir. \u2022\t \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin toplam entalpisi gi- 8.\t I.\t X(g) \u2192 X(suda) 11.\t I.\t CO2 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gaz hale getirilmesi renlerinkinden fazlad\u0131r. \t II.\t X(g) \u2192 X(s) \t II.\t CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi \u2022\t D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta girenler daha \t III.\t X(g) \u2192 X(k) \t III.\t CO2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin, NaOH sulu \u00e7\u00f6- kararl\u0131d\u0131r. zeltisiyle n\u00f6trle\u015fmesi \u2022\t Is\u0131 verildi\u011fi s\u00fcrece olay devam \t IV.\t X(k) \u2192 X(s) eder. \t \t CO2 ye ait yukar\u0131daki olaylardan hangi- Yukar\u0131daki fiziksel olaylardan ekzoter- lerinde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00fcr\u00fcnler, giren- \u2022\t Erime, buharla\u015fma, s\u00fcblimle\u015f- mik olanlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde lerden daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r? me do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \tX(k) \u2192 X(s) \u2192 X(g)\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a \u2022\t Ayr\u0131\u015fma - analiz \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) I, II ve III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t 2HCI +\u0131s\u0131 \u2192 H2 + CI2 \t \u2001 D) III ve IV\u2001 E) II, III ve IV\u2001 \u2022\t Azotun yanmas\u0131 12.\t Tepkime T\u00fcr\u00fc \tN2 + O2+\u0131s\u0131 \u2192 2NO \u2022\t \u0130yonla\u015fma enerjisi \t K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yanmas\u0131\t Endotermik \tNa(g) \u2192 Na+(g) + e\u2013 \t Suyun elektrolizi\t Ekzotermik \u2022\t Baz\u0131 elementlerin (2A, 5A, 8A) \t Buzun erimesi elektron ilgisi, \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeler ve t\u00fcrleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- \tNe(g) + e\u2013 +\u0131s\u0131 \u2192 Ne(\u2013g)\u200a\u200a\u200a dakilerin hangisinde do\u011fru olarak e\u015f- le\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir? \u2022\t Ba\u011flar\u0131n kopmas\u0131 9.\t I.\t N2 \u2192 2N A) B) \tN2 + \u0131s\u0131 \u2192 2N \t endotermik olaylard\u0131r. \t II.\t N2 + O2 \u2192 2NO \t III.\t N2 + 3H2 \u2192 2NH3 \t N2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi yuka- C) D) r\u0131daki olaylardan hangilerinde, \u00fcr\u00fcnle- rin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131, girenlerinkinden fazla- d\u0131r? E) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 104 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.D","MOLAR OLU\u015eUM ISISI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI -Te1st \/ 2 1.\t I.\t CO2(g) 4.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 Entalpi De\u011fi\u015fimi Hesaplama Y\u00f6ntemleri \t II.\t C(grafit) \t Bile\u015fik\t (kJ mol\u20131) Bir tepkimedeki entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, \t III.\t H2(g) \t C2H6\t x \u2022\t Standart molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131daki maddelerden hangilerinin \t CO2\t \u2013\u200a394 standart molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r kabul \u2022\t Ba\u011f enerjisi edilir? \t H2O\t \u2013\u200a242 \u2022\t Hess yasas\u0131 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t Yukar\u0131daki verilere g\u00f6re 1 mol C2H6\u2019n\u0131n CO2 ve H2O olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere yanma tep- ile hesaplanabilir. kimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \u2013\u200a1428 kJ\u2019dir. 1.\t Standart Molar Olu\u015fum Is\u0131s\u0131 ile \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t Buna g\u00f6re, tablodaki x\u2019in de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u2206H Hesab\u0131 \t A) \u201386\u2001 B) \u2013 76\u2001 C) \u2013 64 Bir bile\u015fi\u011fin elementlerinden olu- \u015fumu esnas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en- \t\u2001 D) +52\u2001 E) + 72\u2001 talpi de\u011fi\u015fimine olu\u015fum entalpisi denir. Standart ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ek- 2.\t CH4(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + H2O(s) le\u015firse (1\u2006atm,25\u00b0C) standart olu- \u015fum entalpisi (\u2206Hf\u00b0\u200a)\u200a ad\u0131 verilir. Bir maddenin standart olu\u015fum ental- pisi olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; \u2022\t Reaktiflerinin element olmas\u0131 gerekir. \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimede yer alan madde- 5.\t Kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc CaCO3\u2019t\u00fcr. \tH2(g) + S(k) + 2O2(g) \u2192 H2SO4(s) ler ile ilgili; \t Kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 50 gram\u0131n\u0131n, \t tepkimesine ait entalpi de\u011fi- \t I.\t O2\u2019nin standart molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r \u015fimi, H2SO4 \u00fcn molar olu\u015fum kabul edilir. \t CaCO3(k) \u2192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) \u0131s\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \t II.\t CH4 ve CO2\u2019nin standart molar olu\u015fum \t denklemine g\u00f6re par\u00e7alanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u2022\t CO(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 e\u015fittir. 2 gereken \u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kJ dir? \t III.\t H2O i\u00e7in olu\u015fum tepkimesi, \t (CaCO3:100, \t tepkimesinde girenlerin hepsi 1 element olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tepki- 2 \t \u2206H\u00b0f CaCO3 : \u2013\u200a1206 kJ mol\u20131 \t\tH2(g) + \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(s) \t \u2206H\u00b0f CaO : \u2013\u200a634 kJ mol\u20131 menin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, CO2\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. \t \t \u015feklindedir. \u2022\t Elementlerin standart \u015fartlar- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t \u2206H\u00b0f CO2 : \u2013\u200a394 kJ mol\u20131) daki kararl\u0131 allatroplar\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. Baz\u0131 elementlerin ka- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III rarl\u0131 allotroplar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da veril- \t A) 89\u2001 B) 177\u2001 C) 445 mi\u015ftir. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a89\u2001 E) \u2013177\u2001 \t Karbon (C) Grafit \t Oksijen (O) O2 \t K\u00fck\u00fcrt (S) Rombik k\u00fck\u00fcrt \t Fosfor (P) Beyaz fosfor \tC(grafit) + 1 \u200aO2(g) \u2192 CO(g) 2 3.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 6.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum antalpisi \t tepkimesi sonucu olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131 de- (kJ mol\u20131) \u011fi\u015fimi CO(g)\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \t\t Bile\u015fik\t \t Bile\u015fik\t (kJ mol\u20131) entalpisidir. Tepkimeye giren \u2013\u200a286 maddeler elementlerin kararl\u0131 \t H2O(s)\t \t CnHn\t \t +226 allotropudur. \t H2O(g)\t \u2013\u200a242 \t CO2\t \t \u2013\u200a394 \tC(elmas) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) \t H2O\t \t \u2013\u200a242 \t Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, 7,2 gram \t Yukar\u0131daki verilere g\u00f6re, \t tepkimesi sonucu olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131 de- H2O(g)\u2019nin, \u011fi\u015fimi CO2(g)\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \t CnHn + 5n \u2009O2 \u2192 nCO2 + n \u2009H2O entalpisi de\u011fildir. Tepkimeye \tH2O(g) \u2192 H2O(s) 4 2 giren elmas, karbon elementi- nin kararl\u0131 allotropu de\u011fildir. \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re yo\u011fu\u015fma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kJ dir? (H2O:18) \t \u20131256 kJ mol\u20131 dir. \t A) 4,4\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a4,4\u2001 C) 17,6 \t Buna g\u00f6re, CnHn bile\u015fi\u011finin bir molek\u00fc- l\u00fcnde ka\u00e7 atom vard\u0131r? \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a17,6\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a8,8\u2001 \t A) 2\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 8\u2001 D) 12\u2001 E) 16 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 105 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.B","MOLAR OLU\u015eUM ISISI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI - 1 Test \/ 2 \u2022\t Tepkimede bulunan maddelerin 7.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 10.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 (kJ mol\u20131) standart ko\u015fullardaki fiziksel hal- \t\t Bile\u015fik\t (kJ mol\u20131) \t\t Bile\u015fik\t lerinde bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \t H2O(s)\t \u2013 285,83 \t Elementlerin standart \u015fartlar- \t HNO3(g)\t \u2013 135 \t H2O(g)\t \u2013 241,80 daki fiziksel halleri, \t NH3(g)\t \u2013 46 \t Gaz \u00b4 He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn \t NH4NO3(k)\t \u2013 365 \tH2, N2, O2, F2, CI2 \t Yukar\u0131daki verilere g\u00f6re, \t I.\t H2O(s)\u2019nin \u0131s\u0131 kapasitesi, H2O(g)\u2019ninkin- \t S\u0131v\u0131 \u00b4 Br2, Hg \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 den fazlad\u0131r. \t Kat\u0131 \u00b4 Di\u011fer t\u00fcm elementler verilmi\u015ftir. \t II.\t H2O(s) \u2192 H2O(g) tepkimesi endotermiktir. \t III.\t H2O(g)\u2019nin yo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131- \t 0,2 mol HNO3 ve 0,6 mol NH3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n NH4NO3 kat\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131na ait tepki- \u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. mede entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Soru: \t A) \u2013\u200a18,4\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a36,8\u2001 C) +36,8 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangisi- \u2001 D) 184,1\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a368,2\u2001 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II ne ait entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde- \t ki bile\u015fi\u011fin standart molar olu\u015fum \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 entalpisine e\u015fittir? A)\tH2(g) + CI2(g) \u2192 2HCI(g) 8.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 (kJ mol\u20131) B)\t 1 \u2006H2(g) + 1 \u2006Br2(s) \u2192 HBr(g) \t\t Bile\u015fik\t 2 2 \u2013\u200a46 \t NH3\t C)\tN2(s) + 2H2(g) \u2192 N2H4(g) D)\t C2H2(g) + 2H2(g) \u2192 C2H6(g) \t H2O\t \u2013\u200a242 E)\t NH3(g) + HCI(g) \u2192 NH4CI(k) \t Yukar\u0131daki olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferleri ve 11.\t Molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili, \t 3N2O + 2NH3 \u2192 4N2 + 3H2O \t I.\t De\u011feri daima negatiftir. \t\t\t\t \u2206H = \u2013\u200a877 kJ \t II.\t Maddenin fiziksel haline g\u00f6re de\u011feri \t tepkimesi veriliyor. de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t III.\t Elementlerin hepsinin gaz hali i\u00e7in de- A se\u00e7ene\u011findeki tepkimede 2 mol \t Buna g\u00f6re, N2O\u2019nun molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u011feri s\u0131f\u0131r kabul edilir. bile\u015fik olu\u015fmas\u0131, C se\u00e7ene\u011finde ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? N2\u2019nin gaz de\u011fil s\u0131v\u0131 halde olma- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? s\u0131, D ve E se\u00e7eneklerinde girenler k\u0131sm\u0131nda bile\u015fik bulunmas\u0131 ne- \t A) +\u200a81\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a81\u2001 C) 49 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III denleri ile bu tepkimelere ait en- talpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdeki bile\u015fi\u011fin \t \u2001 D) \u2013\u200a49\u2001 E) \u2013128\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 standart molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fit de\u011fildir. B se\u00e7ene\u011finde 1 mol bile\u015fik (HBr) elementlerinden (H2 ve Br2) ba\u015f- lanarak elde edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi standart molar olu\u015fum 9.\t\t\t entalpisidir. Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 Cevap: B \t\t Bile\u015fik\t (kJ mol\u20131) \t Ca(OH)2\t \u2013\u200a987 1 2 \t CO2\t \u2013\u200a394 12.\t CO(g) + \u2009O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) \t H2O\t \u2013\u200a242 \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \u2013 283 kJ\u2019dir. \t CaCO3\t \u2013\u200a1207 \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t Yukar\u0131daki de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- \t I.\t D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CO2, CO\u2019dan daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r. larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t Ca(OH)2 + CO2 \u2192 CaCO3 + H2O \t II.\tCO2\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u2013\u200a283 kJ\u2019dir. \t III.\t CO\u2019nun molar yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u2013\u200a283 kJ\u2019dir. \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ dir? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) \u2013\u200a68\u2001 B) +\u200a68\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a128 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t \u2001 D) +128\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a96\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 106 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.C 12.B","MOLAR OLU\u015eUM ISISI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI -Te2st \/ 3 1.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangisi stan- 4.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 Bir tepkimedeki entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, (kJ mol\u20131) \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin standart molar olu\u015fum dart ko\u015fullarda HBrO4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n molar \t\t Bile\u015fik\t \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131ndan, girenlerinki olu\u015fum tepkimesidir? +15 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak hesaplanabilir. \t \t HCN\t \t A)\t H(g) + Br(g) + 4O(g) \u2192 HBrO4(g) \t\tH2O\t \u2013242 \t B)\t 1 \u2009H2(g) + 1 \u2009Br2(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 HBrO4(g) \t \t CO2\t \u2013394 \u2206Ht\u00b0ep = \u00b8\u2206H\u00fc\u00b0r\u00fcnler \u2212 \u00b8\u2206Hg\u00b0irenler 2 2 \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 Elementlerin kararl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \t C)\t 1 \u2009H2(g) + 1 \u2009Br2(s) + 2O2(g) \u2192 HBrO4(g) verilmi\u015ftir. olu\u015fum entalpisi 0 oldu\u011fundan bu 2 2 yap\u0131lar i\u015fleme dahil edilmez. \t Buna g\u00f6re, aA + bB \u2192 cC + dD \t D)\t H2(g) + Br2(s) + 4O2(g) \u2192 2HBrO4(g) \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir tepkime- \t 2HCN + 5 \u2009O2 \u2192 2CO2 + H2O + N2 nin entalpisi, \t E)\t H(g) + Br(s) + 4O(g) \u2192 HBrO4(g) 2 \u2206H\u00b0tep = [c\u00b8\u2206H\u00b0(C) + d\u200a\u00b8\u2206H(\u00b0D)] \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \u2212 [a\u00b8\u2206H(\u00b0A) + b\u00b8\u2206H(\u00b0B)\u200a] \t A) \u2013\u200a649\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a260\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a1060 form\u00fcl\u00fcyle bulunur. \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a1624\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a875\u2001 2.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \t Bile\u015fik\t (kJ mol\u20131) \u00d6rne\u011fin, C5H12 + 8O2 \u2192 5CO2 + 6H2O \t \t HF\t \u2013\u200a270 5.\t\t\t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 tepkimesinin entalpisi, \t \t HCI\t \u2013\u200a92 \t\t Bile\u015fik\t (kJ mol\u20131) \u2206H = (5\u200a.\u200a\u2206\u200a\u200a HCO2 + 6\u200a.\u200a\u2206\u200a HH2O\u200a)\u200a \u2212 (\u2206HC5H12 + 8.\u200a\u2206\u200a HO2) \t \t HBr\t \u2013\u200a36 \t \t CH3OH\t \u2013\u200a202 form\u00fcl\u00fcne g\u00f6re bulunur. \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 halojen asitlerinin olu\u015fum \t \t CO2\t \u2013\u200a394 Bir tepkimenin t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 zaman- \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. da entalpi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de belirler. \t Buna g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda, \t\tH2O\t \u2013\u200a242 NOT: Kararl\u0131 elementlerin standart \t I.\t En kararl\u0131 halojen asidi HF\u2019dir. \t E\u015fit k\u00fctlede CH3OH ve O2\u2019nin, ko\u015fullarda olu\u015fum entalpileri s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. \t II.\t E\u015fit molleri olu\u015furken en \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \t CH3OH + 3 \u2009O2 \u2192 CO2 + 2H2O \u00e7\u0131karan HBr\u2019dir. 2 Bir fiziksel veya kimyasal olay\u0131n entalpisi olay\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc ile isimlen- \t III.\t HCI\u2019nin elementlerine ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ekzo- \t denklemine g\u00f6re tam verimle tepkime- dirilir. termik bir tepkimedir. sinden 676 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken m gram CH3OH art\u0131yor. Yanma entalpisi, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u2022\tC3H8 + 5O2 \u2192 3CO2 + 4H2O \t Buna g\u00f6re, m\u2019nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r?\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II (H:1, C:12, O:16) \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A) 48\u2001 B) 32\u2001 C) 24\u2001 D) 16\u2001 E) 8 3.\t N2O4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n standart molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 6.\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) Erime entalpisi, \u2022\tH2O(k) \u2192 H2O(s) +9,6 kJ\u2019dir. \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re 2,8 gram N2\u2019nin yeterli \t Buna g\u00f6re, standart \u015fartlarda 5,6 g N2 miktarda H2 ile tepkimesinden 9,1 kJ \u0131s\u0131 N\u00f6tralle\u015fme entalpisi, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u2022\t NaOH(suda) + HCI(suda) \u2192 gaz\u0131 ve 9,8 L O2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n tam verimle tep- kimesi ile ilgili, \t Buna g\u00f6re, NaCI(suda) + H2O(s) \t I.\t Tepkime artans\u0131z ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t I.\t Tepkimenin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi 91 kJ\u2019dir. \t II.\t 1,92 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. \t II.\t NH3\u2019\u00fcn molar olu\u015fma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u2013 45,5 kJ \t III.\t Ba\u015flat\u0131lan tepkime kendili\u011finden de- dir. vam eder. \t III.\t Tepkimede 0,3 mol H2 harcanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? (N:14) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t (N:14) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 107 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","MOLAR OLU\u015eUM ISISI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI - 2 Test \/ 3 Soru: 7.\t Entalpi 10.\t C + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 CO\t \u2206H1 = \u2013\u200a110 kJ 2 C2H2 \t Standart molar\t\t +H2 \t C + O2 \u2192 CO2\t \u2206H2 = \u2013\u200a394 kJ Bile\u015fik olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 C2H4 +H2 \t Karbonun(C) yar\u0131m ve tam yanma tepki- (kJ mol\u20131) C2H6 melerine ait entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimleri yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. C2H2 52,3 2C + H2 CO2 \u2013\u200a393,5 \t 12 gram C\u2019nin %20 sinin yar\u0131m, kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n tam yanmaya u\u011framas\u0131 s\u0131ra- H2O \u2013\u200a285,8 s\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131, tamam\u0131n\u0131n tam yanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131dan Yukar\u0131da verilen olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 de- Zaman ka\u00e7 kJ daha azd\u0131r? (C:12) \u011ferlerine g\u00f6re, 5,6 gram C2H4, \t Yukar\u0131da verilen grafi\u011fe g\u00f6re, bile\u015fikler CO2 ve H2O olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere ile ilgili, tamamen yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ka\u00e7 kJ \u0131s\u0131 \t I.\t C2H2\u2019nin olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 pozitiftir. \t II.\t C2H2 + H2 \u2192 C2H4 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar? (C:12, H:1) \t \t tepkimesi ekzotermiktir. A)\u2009\u2009141,14\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009282,28\u2001 C)\u2009\u20091411,4 \t A) 14,2\u2001 B) 28,4\u2001 C) 56,8 \u2001 D) 2822,8\u2001 E) 14114\u2001 \u2001 D) 72\u2001 E) 144\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t III.\t D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta en kararl\u0131 olan C2H6 bile\u015fi\u011fidir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00d6ncelikle C2H4\u2019\u00fcn yanma tepki- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III 11.\tH2 + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O\t\t \u2206H1 mesini yaz\u0131p denkle\u015ftirerek molar \t 2 yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayal\u0131m. \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2206H2 \t C + O2 \u2192 CO2\t\t \u2206H3 C2H4 + 3O2 \u2192 2CO2 + 2H2O \t C2H4 + 3O2 \u2192 2CO2 + 2H2O\t \u2206H = \u2211\u2206Hf\u00b0\u00fcr\u00fcnler \u2013 \u2211\u2206Hf\u00b0girenler \u2206H = [2.(\u2013393,5) + 8.\t CO2\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u2013\u200a394 kJ\u2019dir. \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 tepkimeler ve entalpileri ve- 2.(\u2013285,8)] \u2013 [52,8] Buna g\u00f6re, rilmi\u015ftir. \t \u2206H = \u2013 1411,4 kJ mol\u20131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, C2H4\u2019\u00fcn olu\u015fma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade \t I.\t 20 gram C\u2019nin 32 gram O2 gaz\u0131 ile tam eden ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi- Bulunan de\u011fer 1 mol C2H4\u2019\u00fcn yan- \t verimli tepkimesinden 394 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa dir? ma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u00e7\u0131kar. \t A)\t 2\u2206H1 + 2\u2206H2 \u2013 \u2206H3 C2H4 = 2.12 + 4.1 II.\t m gram C\u2019nin m gram O2 ile tam ve- \t B)\t 2\u2206H1 + 2\u2206H2 + \u2206H3 \u2009 \u200a=\u200a 28 g mol\u20131 rimli tepkimesinden 78,8 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \t C)\t \u2206H1 + \u2206H2 + \u2206H3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorsa m\u2019nin de\u011feri 6,4\u2019t\u00fcr. \t D)\t \u2206H1 + \u2206H2 \u2013 \u2206H3 28 g C2H4 1411,4 kJ \u0131s\u0131 \t a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karsa \t E)\t \u2206H1 + \u2206H2 \u2013 \u2206H3 2 5,6 g \t ? \t III.\t 2\u2019\u015fer mol C ve O2\u2019nin tam verimli tepki- mesinden 1 mol C artarken 394 kJ \u0131s\u0131 ? = 282,28 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Cevap: B \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (C:12, O:16) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 9.\t Bir miktar C2H4 gaz\u0131 tamamen yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 12.\tH2 + CI2 \u2192 2HCI + 184 kJ 0,2 mol CO2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015furken 132 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131- \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeye g\u00f6re, \u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \t I.\t HCI\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 + 92 kJ\u2019dir. \t II.\t HCI\u2019nin elementlerine ayr\u0131\u015fma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 92 \t CO2 ve H2O\u2019nun molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u2013\u200a394 kJ ve \u2013\u200a242 kJ oldu\u011funa kJ mol\u20131 dir. g\u00f6re C2H4\u2019\u00fcn molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 \t III.\t HCI\u2019nin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131, H2 ve CI2\u2019nin \u0131s\u0131 kJ\u2019dir? kapsamlar\u0131 toplam\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) 48\u2001 B) 84\u2001 C) 96 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t \u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 D) 104\u2001 E) 128\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 108 7.E 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.A","BA\u011c ENERJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI Test \/ 4 1.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f 4.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f 2. Ba\u011f Enerjisi ile \u2206H Hesab\u0131 \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) Molek\u00fcler haldeki bir gaz\u0131n iki atomu aras\u0131nda bulunan ba\u011f\u0131n \t C = C\t \t x \t N \u2013 N\t 193 olu\u015fumu esnas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan veya k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken enerji \t C \u2013 H\t \t y \t N N\t 418 miktar\u0131na ba\u011f enerjisi ad\u0131 verilir. \t O \u2013 H\t \t z \t N \u2013 H\t 393 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2 tane Cl atomunun Cl2 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda mol ba\u015f\u0131na \t C = O\t \t t \t H \u2013 H\t 436 yakla\u015f\u0131k 243 kJ enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131- karken, Cl2\u2019nin par\u00e7alan\u0131p 2 tane \t O = O\t\t q \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, Cl atomu olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mol ba- \u015f\u0131na 243 kJ enerji verilmesi gerek- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, HH mektedir. II Cl2(g) + 243 kJ \u2192 2Cl(g) II \u2193 I I Ba\u011f enerjisi \t C2H4 + 3O2 \u2192 2CO2 + 2H2O \t \t N N + H \u2013 H \u2192 N \u2013 N \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4\u2022\t T\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 HH HH sisteme enerji verilmesi gerek- kJ\u2019dir? ti\u011fi i\u00e7in ba\u011f enerjisi de\u011ferleri \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? daima pozitiftir. (Endotermik, \u0131s\u0131 aland\u0131r.) \t A)\t x + 4y +3q \u2013 2z \u2013 2t \t A) \u2013\u200a150\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a125\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a100 \t B)\t x + 4y + 3q \u2013 2z + 2t \u2022\t Bir ba\u011f ne kadar kararl\u0131ysa \t C)\t x + 4y + 3q \u2013 4z \u2013 4t \t\u2001 D) 25\u2001 E) 150\u2001 atomlar\u0131 bir arada tutan ba\u011f o \t D)\t 2x + 4y + 3q \u2013 4z + 4t kadar sa\u011flam olaca\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f \t E)\t 2x + 4y + 6q \u2013 4z \u2013 4t enerjisi de o kadar fazla olur. 5.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f \u2022\t Bile\u015fik molek\u00fcllerinde ba\u011flar teker teker kopar\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 2.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) ya da molek\u00fcldeki di\u011fer atom- lar\u0131n elektronegatiflikleri ba- \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \t C C\t 620 \u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cBa\u011f enerjisi\u201d terimi yerine \u201cOrtala- \t O \u2013 O\t 142 \t C \u2013 H\t 414 ma ba\u011f enerjisi\u201d terimi kullan- mak daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. \t O O\t 499 \t CI \u2013 CI\t 243 \u2022\t Atomlar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, \t C \u2013 C\t 347 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, ortalama ba\u011f enerjisi de artar. \t I.\t O atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ikili ba\u011f, tekli \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, ba\u011fa k\u0131yasla daha sa\u011flamd\u0131r. \t C \u2013 C + 343 kJ \u2192 2C \t \t C2H4 + CI2 \u2192 C2H4CI2 \t II.\t Ba\u011f uzunluklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki\t \t \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \u2013 160 kJ\u2019dir. O O > O \u2013 O \u015feklindedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, C \u2013 CI ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortalama ba\u011f \t III.\t Ba\u011f kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki\t \t enerjisi ka\u00e7 kJ mol\u20131 dir? O O > O \u2013 O \u015feklindedir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) 252\u2001 B) 272\u2001 C) 288 \t C = C + 615 kJ \u2192 2C \u2001 D) 304\u2001 E) 338\u2001 \tC C + 812 kJ \u2192 2C \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u2022\t Ba\u011flar\u0131n kopmas\u0131 endotermik (\u0131s\u0131 alan), olu\u015fmas\u0131 ekzotermik \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 (\u0131s\u0131 veren) dir. 3.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f 6.\t H \u2009H \u2009H \u2022\t Bir tepkimenin entalpisi, k\u0131r\u0131lan II ba\u011flar\u0131n enerjisinden, olu\u015fan \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) H\u2013C\u2013C I ba\u011flar\u0131n enerjisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak he- I saplan\u0131r. H C \u2013 H + Br \u2013 Br \u2192 DH = \u00b8 K\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u011flar\u0131n \u2013 \u00b8tOolup\u015flaamn ba\u011flar\u0131n \t HH H toplam enerjisi enerjisi \t H \u2013 H\t 436 II I \t O O\t 499 H\u2013C\u2013 C \u2013 C \u2013H \t O \u2013 O\t 142 II I H Br \u2009Br \t O \u2013 H\t 460 \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimenin entalpisini he- saplamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u011flardan \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re hidro- hangisinin ortalama ba\u011f enerjisi de\u011fe- jen peroksitin (H2O2) molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 rini bilmeye gerek yoktur? ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? (H2 + O2 \u2192 H2O2) \t A) \u2013 127\u2001 B) +333\u2001 C) \u2013 187 \t A) C \u2013 H\u2001 B) C \u2013 C\u2001 C) C = C \t\u2001 D) +127\u2001 E) \u2013 333\u2001 \t\u2001 D) Br \u2013 Br\u2001 E) C \u2013 Br\u2001 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.E 6.A 109 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","BA\u011c ENERJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI Test \/ 4 \u2022\t Tepkimenin girenler k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki 7.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f 10.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f maddelerin ba\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, \u00fcr\u00fcn- ler k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki maddelerin ba\u011f- \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) lar\u0131 olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f enerji- siyle entalpi hesaplan\u0131rken, \t H \u2013 H\t 436 \t C \u2013 H\t 414 \t O O\t 499 \t \u2206H = Girenler \u2212 \u00dcr\u00fcnler \t N N\t 941 \t C \u2013 C\t 347 \t C \u2013 C\t 347 \t k\u0131sa form\u00fcl\u00fc de kullan\u0131labilir. \t C \u2013 H\t 414 \t C O\t 745 \t N O\t 607 \u2022\t Molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc verilen soru- \t C O\t 745 \t H \u2013 H\t 436 larda a\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yaza- \t N \u2013 O\t 176 bilmek i\u00e7in elementlerin ka\u00e7ar \t O \u2013 H\t 460 \t O \u2013 H\t 460 tane ba\u011f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi gerekir. \t C \u2013 O\t 351 \t\u20061 \u200ab\u200a\u200a a\u011f : H, F, CI, Br, I \t Yukar\u0131da verilen ba\u011f enerjisi de\u011ferleri- \t 12 gram asetik asit (CH3COOH) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \t 2 ba\u011f : O, S ne g\u00f6re, denkleme g\u00f6re indirgeniyor. \t 3 ba\u011f : N, P \t 4 ba\u011f : C \t I.\t H2 O \t \t \u2009II \t CH3 \u2013 C \u2013 OH + 2H2 \u2192\t \t II.\t C2H6 \t\t CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH + H2O Soru: \t III.\t N2 \t Buna g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir?\t (H:1, C:12, O:16) Ba\u011f enerjisi (kJ.mol\u20131) \t maddelerinden hangilerinin yanmas\u0131 endotermiktir? CC 812 \t A) 26,2\u2001 B) 65,5\u2001 C) 131\u2001 D) 262\u2001 E) 655 C\u2212H 343 C\u2212C 416 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III H\u2212H 436 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 11.\t CH4 + CI2 \u2192 CH3CI + HCI Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re 1 8.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, mol C2H2 bile\u015fi\u011finin, \t I.\t Kopan ba\u011flar C \u2013 H ve CI \u2013 CI dir. \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) H \u2212 C C \u2212 H +2 H \u2212 H \u2192 \t II.\t Olu\u015fan ba\u011flar C \u2013 CI ve H \u2013 CI dir. \t H \u2013 F\t 568 CH3 \u2212 CH3 \t III.\t C \u2013 H ve CI \u2013 CI nin ba\u011f enerjileri top- tepkimesine g\u00f6re; C2H6 olu\u015ftur- \t H \u2013 CI\t 431 lam\u0131, C \u2013 CI ve H \u2013 CI nin ba\u011f enerjileri mas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en- toplam\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise tepkime endo- talpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t H \u2013 Br\t 366 termiktir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t H \u2013 I\t 298 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Ba\u011f enerjileri verilen bir tepkimenin Yukar\u0131da halojenlerin hidrojenli bile\u015fikleri \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi reaktiflerin toplam \t i\u00e7in ba\u011f enerjisi de\u011ferleri verilmi\u015ftir. ba\u011f enerjisinden \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin toplam \t ba\u011f enerjisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak bulunur. Buna g\u00f6re, Yukar\u0131daki tepkimede, \t \u2022\t Reaktiflerinin ba\u011f enerjisi I.\t Ba\u011f yapan atomlar\u0131n elektronegatiflik \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t fark\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u011f enerjisi de artar. \t 1 tane C C (1.812\u2006:\u2006812) \t \t 2 tane C \u2212 H (2.343\u2006:\u2006686) II.\t Ba\u011f uzunlu\u011fu en fazla olan H \u2013 F ba\u011f\u0131- 12.\t\t\t\t Ortalama ba\u011f \t 2 tane H \u2212 H (2.436\u2006:\u2006872) d\u0131r. \t olmak \u00fczere 2370 kJ\u2019dir. \t \u200aBa\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) III.\t En kararl\u0131 ba\u011f H \u2013 I d\u0131r. \t C C\t 812 yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t C \u2013 C\t 347 \u2022\t \u00dcr\u00fcnlerinin ba\u011f enerjisi \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t C \u2013 H\t 414 \t 1 tane C \u2212 C (1.416\u2006:\u2006416) \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t O \u2013 H\t 460 \t 6 tane C \u2212 H (6.343\u2006:\u20062058) \t C O\t 745 \t olmak \u00fczere 2474 kJ de\u011ferine 9.\t N2 + 941 kJ \u2192 2N \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, sahiptir. \tH2 + 436 kJ \u2192 2H H \u2009O \u2022\t Tepkime entalpisi ;reaktiflerin toplam ba\u011f enerjisinden \u00fcr\u00fcnle- \t N2 + 3H2 \u2192 2NH3 + 109 kJ I II rin toplam ba\u011f enerjisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131la- rak bulunur. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re N \u2013 H \t H\u2013C C\u2013H+H\u2013O\u2013H\u2192 H \u2013 C \u2013 C \u2013 H ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortalama ba\u011f enerjisi ka\u00e7 kJ \t\u0394H = 2370 \u2212 2474 = \u2212104 kJ dir? I H \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t A) \u2013188\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a226\u2001 C) +384 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t A) 277\u2001 B) 313\u2001 C) 372\u2001 D) 393\u2001 E) 424 \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a384\u2001 E) +478\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 110 7.C 8.E 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.A","HESS YASASI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI - 1 Test \/ 5 1.\tH2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(g) 4.\t C + O2 \u2192 CO2 + a kJ 3. Hess Yasas\u0131 ile \u2206H Hesab\u0131 2 \t\t\t\t \u2206H = \u2013\u200a242 kJ 1 \u2022\t Bir tepkimedeki entalpi de\u011fi- \tH2 + 2 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O + b kJ \u015fimi, tepkimenin izledi\u011fi yola ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimeye g\u00f6re, \u2022\t Bir tepkime, birden fazla tepki- \t I.\t 2H2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2H2O(s) \t 2C + 3H2 \u2192 C2H6 + c kJ menin toplam\u0131 \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ek- \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re C2H6\u2019n\u0131n mo- le\u015fiyorsa entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, top- \t\t\t\t\t 1 \u2206H = \u2013\u200a484 kJ lanan tepkimelerin entalpileri 2 lar yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir. \t II.\t H2O(g) \u2192 H2(g) + \u2009O2(g) \t Tepkime bir say\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n- \t\t\t\t\t \u2206H = +242 kJ \t A) a + b + c\t \t B) 2a + 3b + c da entalpisi de (\u0394H) ayn\u0131 say\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r. \t III.\t 4H(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2H2O(g) \t C) 2a + 3b \u2013 c\t D) c \u2013 2a \u2013 3b A+B \u2192 AB \u0394H = 40 J \t\t\t\t \u2206H = \u2013\u200a484 kJ \t E) \u2013\u200a(2a + 3b + c) \t tepkimelerinden hangilerinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? tepkimesini 2 ile geni\u015fletirsek; \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III 2A+2B \u2192 2AB \u0394H=2.40=80 J \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 5.\tH2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(g) 1\/2 ile \u00e7arparsak( ikiye b\u00f6lme) 2 1\/2A + 1\/2B \u2192 1\/2AB \t\t\t\t \u2206H1 = \u2013\u200a242 kJ 2.\tH2(g) + CI2(g) \u2192 2HCI(g) 1 \u0394H = 1\/2\u200a.\u200a\u200a4\u200a 0 = 20 J \tH2(g) + 2 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(s) \t\t\t\t \u2206H1 = \u2013\u200a185 kJ \u2022\t Tepkime ters \u00e7evrilirse tepkime \t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) \t\t\t\t \u2206H2 = \u2013\u200a285 kJ entalpisi (\u0394H) i\u015faret de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \t\t\t\t \u2206H2 = \u2013\u200a92 kJ \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 \t N2(g) + 4H2(g) + CI2(g) \u2192 2NH4CI(k) ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t\t\t\t \u2206H3 = \u2013\u200a629 kJ \t Yukar\u0131daki de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- \tH2O(g) \u2192 H2O(s) ka\u00e7 AB \u2192 A + B \u0394H = \u22121. 40 = \u221240 J larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \u2022\t Basamakl\u0131 bir tepkimenin en- kJ\u2019dir? talpisi her bir basama\u011f\u0131n en- \t NH3(g) + HCI(g) \u2192 NH4CI(k) talpilerinin toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir. \t A) \u2013\u200a43\u2001 B) +43\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a527 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t\u2001 D) +527\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a428\u2001 A + 2B \u2192 C \u200a\u200a\u0394H1 = 50 J C \u2192 2D \u0394H2 = 90 J \t A) +176\u2001 B) \u2013176\u2001 C) +352 + A + 2B \u2192 2D \u0394H3 = 50 + 90 \u200a\u200a=\u200a\u200a 140 J \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a352\u2001 E) \u2013704\u2001 3.\t N2(g) + 2H2(g) \u2192 N2H4(g) 6.\t C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) \u2192 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) C + 1 O2 \u2192 CO 2 \t\t\t\t \u2206H1 = 95 kJ \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re 1 mol C3H8 tamamen \t 1 \u2206H1 = \u2212110,5 kJ \tH2O(g) \u2192 H2(g) + \u2009O2(g) yak\u0131l\u0131rsa Q kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. CO 2 CO2 1 + O2 \u2192 2 \t\t\t\t \u2206H2 = 286 kJ \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t \u2206H2 = \u2212283,0 kJ + \tH2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 H2O2(g) \t I.\t C3H8\u2019in molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u2013\u200aQ kJ\u2019dir. C + O2 \u2192 CO2 \t\t\t\t \u2206H3 = \u2013 136 kJ \t II.\t Tepkimede 5 mol C3H8 yak\u0131lsayd\u0131 5Q \t \u2206H3 = \u2212393,5 kJ \t Yukar\u0131daki verilere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t III.\t Tepkimede H2O gaz de\u011fil s\u0131v\u0131 halde olu\u015fsayd\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 Q kJ\u2019den \t N2H4(g) + 2H2O2 \u2192 N2(g) + 4H2O(g) daha fazla olurdu. \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) \u2013967\u2001 B) +967\u2001 C) \u2013828 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) +828\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a476\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.D 111 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","HESS YASASI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI - 1 Test \/ 5 Soru: 7.\t 2NO2(g) + 114 kJ \u2192 2NO(g) + O2(g) 10.\t \t \t\t Molar yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 (kJ mol\u20131) I.\tC(grafit) + O2(g) \u2192 \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeye g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 \u015fartlar- \t Madde\t \t da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, CO2(g) + 395 kJ \t \t C\t \u2013\u200a394 \t 4NO(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 4NO2(g) II.\tH2(g) + 1 \u2006O2(g) \u2192 \t \t H2\t \u2013\u200a242 2 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 \t C3H8\t \u2013\u200a2044 kJ\u2019dir? H2O(g) + 285 kJ III.\tCH4(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 \t Yukar\u0131daki tabloya ait tepkimeler, CO2(g) + H2O(g) + 890 kJ \t C + O2 \u2192 CO2 Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 tepkimeler veril- A) +114\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a114\u2001 C) +228 mi\u015ftir. 1 \u2001 D) \u2013\u200a228\u2001 E) +456\u2001 \tH2 + 2 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O Buna g\u00f6re, CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n molar \t C3H8 + 5O2 \u2192 3CO2 + 4H2O olu\u015fumu entalpisi ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t \u015feklinde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, A) \u221275 \u2001 B) \u2212150\u2001 C) \u2212300 \u2001 D) 150\u2001 E) +75\u2001 \t C3H8 \u2192 3C + 4H2 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 8.\t CH4(g) \u2192 C(k) + 2H2(g) \u2206H1 = +75 kJ \t A) +106\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a103\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a68 Soruda istenen CH4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n olu- \tH2O(g) + 242 kJ \u2192 H2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \t\u2001 D) +68\u2001 E) +124\u2001 \u015fum tepkimesi, 2 C(grafit) + 2H2(g) \u2192 CH4(g) \t C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + 394 kJ \u015feklindedir. Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimeler ekzo- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 11.\t 2HCN + 5 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O + 2CO2 + N2 termik oldu\u011fundan, entalpi de\u011fer- ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, 2 leri negatiftir. \t CH4(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) S\u00f6z konusu tepkimeye ula\u015f\u0131lma- \t\t\t\t \u2206H1 = \u2013\u200a1164 kJ s\u0131 i\u00e7in I. tepkime ayn\u0131 kalmal\u0131 II. tepkime 2 ile III. tepkime -1 ile \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 \t 1 \u2009H2 + C + 1 \u2009N2 \u2192 HCN \u00e7arp\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. kJ\u2019dir? 2 2 \t\t\t\t \u2206H2 = x kJ C(grafit) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g)\u2006 \t A) \u2013\u200a803\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a765\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a628 \t C + O2 \u2192 CO2 \t\t\t\t H2(g) + 1 \u2006O2(g) \u2192 H2O\u2006\/\u20062 \t\t\tH2 +\t12 \u2009O\t2 \u2192 H2O \u2206H3 = \u2013\u200a394 kJ 2 \u2206H4 = \u2013\u200a242 kJ \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a514\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a428\u2001 CH4(g) + 2O2 \u2192 CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) \u2193 \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimeler ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine g\u00f6re \u2206H2 de\u011feri C(grafit) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) (x) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t \u2206H = \u2212395 kJ 2H2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2H2O \t \u2206H = \u2212570 kJ CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) \u2192 CH4(g) + 2O2(g) \t A) +67\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a67\u2001 C) +134 +\t \u2006\u2206H = +890 kJ \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a134\u2001 E) +210\u2001 C(grafit) + 2H2(g) \u2192 CH4(g) 9.\t NO\u200a+\u200a 5 \u2009H2 \u2192 NH3\u200a+\u200aH2O \u2206H1\u200a= \u2013\u200a378 kJ 12.\t \t Yanma Tepkime \t \u2206H = \u221275 kJ 2 \t Madde \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc entalpisi (kJ mol\u20131) Cevap: A \t N2 + 3H2 \u2192 2NH3 \u200a \u2206H2 = \u2013\u200a92 kJ \tH2 + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O \u200a \u2206H3 = \u2013\u200a242 kJ \t C\t \u200aCO\t \u2013 110 2 \t CO CO2\t \u2013 282 \t Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda NO\u2019nun molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tabloya g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko- ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \u015fullarda 39,2 kJ \u0131s\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 gram C, CO2 olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde yak\u0131l- \t A) +35\u2001 B) +52\u2001 C) +90 mal\u0131d\u0131r? (C:12) \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t \u2001 D) \u201335\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a90\u2001 \t A) 1,2\u2001 B) 2,4\u2001 C) 3,6\u2001 D) 7,2\u2001 E) 9,6 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 112 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A","HESS YASASI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI - 2 Test \/ 6 1.\t S + O2 \u2192 SO2 + 295 kJ 4.\t \t \t\t Molar yanma Soru: \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 (kJ mol\u20131) \t Yukar\u0131daki bilgilere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- \t Madde\t Br2(s) + F2(g) \u2192 2BrF(g) da 25,6 g SO2\u2019nin elementlerine ayr\u0131\u015f- mas\u0131 i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 kJ enerji gerekir? (SO2:64) \t H2S\t \u2013\u200a520 \t \u2206H1 = \u2212188 kJ \t H2\t \u2013\u200a232 \t S\t \u2013\u200a296 BrF3(g) \u2192 Br2(s) + 3 \u2006F2(g) 2 \t A) 118\u2001 B) 59\u2001 C) 29,5 \t \u2206H2 = 383 kJ \t Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 \t\u2001 D) 11,8\u2001 E) 5,9\u2001 ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t I.\t SO2 \u2192 S + O2 BrF(g) + F2(g) \u2192 BrF3(g) \t \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi +296 tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir. kJ\u2019dir? \t II.\t H2S\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum entalpisi \u2013\u200a8 kJ dir. A) \u2212289\t\t B) \u2212217 \t III.\t 0,3 mol H2S yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan C) \u2212178\t\t D) \u2212157 \u0131s\u0131 156 kJ\u2019dir. E) \u2212145 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t\t (Yanma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri H2O ve \/ veya SO2 dir.) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 2.\t 2Fe + 3 \u2009O2 \u2192 Fe2O3 + 824 kJ \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u0130stenen tepkimede BrF girenler 2 k\u0131sm\u0131nda ve bir tane. Bu sebeple \t CO2 + 394 kJ \u2192 C + O2 ilk tepkime ters \u00e7evrilir, ikiye b\u00f6- 1 l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u2206H\u2019nin de i\u015fareti de\u011fi\u015ftirilip 2 \t C+ \u2009O2 \u2192 CO + 110 kJ ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. 1 1 5.\t CH4(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + 2H2O(s) BrF(g) \u2192 2 \u2006Br2(s) + 2 \u2006 F2(g) \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- \t Tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimini hesap- \t \u2206H1\u0131 = +94 kJ larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, layabilmek i\u00e7in, \u0130stenen tepkimede BrF3 \u00fcr\u00fcnler k\u0131s- \tFe2O3 + 3CO \u2192 2Fe + 3CO2 \t I.\t C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + 394 kJ m\u0131nda. Bu sebeple ikinci tepkime ters \u00e7evrilirken \u2206H\u2019nin de i\u015fareti \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ dir? \t II.\t H2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(s) + 286 kJ de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. 2 Br2(s) + 3 \u2006F2(g) \u2192 BrF3(g) 2 \t A) \u2013\u200a14\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a28\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a42 \t III.\t C(k) + 2H2(g) \u2192 CH4(g) + 75 kJ \t \u2206H2\u0131 = \u2212383 kJ \t\u2001 D) +14\u2001 E) +28\u2001 \t IV.\t H2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(g) + 242 kJ Elde edilen bu iki tepkime taraf 2 tarafa toplan\u0131rsa istenen tepkime \t yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerden en az hangi- elde edilir. lerinin entalpisi bilinmelidir? BrF(g) + F2(g) \u2192 BrF3(g) \t \u2206H3 = \u2206H1\u0131 + \u2206H2\u0131 \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve III\u2001 C) I, II ve III \t \u2009\u200a=\u200a +94 \u2212 383 \t \u2001 D) I, II ve IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 \u200a\u200a\u2206\u200a\u200a H3 = \u2013 289 kJ Cevap: A 3.\t S+ 3 \u2009O2 \u2192 SO3 + 395 kJ 6.\t CO + H2O \u2192 CO2 + H2 \u2206H1 = +3 2 \t CO + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 CO2 \u200a \u200a \u2206H2 = \u2013\u200a283 1 2 \tSO2 + 2 \u2009O2 \u2192 SO3 + 99 kJ \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, larda 6,4 gram S\u2019nin SO2 olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere yak\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi \tH2 + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O ka\u00e7 kJ dir? (S:32) 2 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t A) \u2013\u200a296\u2001 B) +296\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a148 \t A) \u2013\u200a286\u2001 B) +286\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a280 \t\u2001 D) +59,2\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a59,2\u2001 \t\u2001 D) +280\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a58\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 1.A 2.B 3.E 4.E 5.C 6.A 113 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","HESS YASASI \u0130LE \u2206H HESABI - 2 Test \/ 6 Soru: 7. 2C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 2CO(g) \u0394H\u00b0 = \u2212220 kj 10.\t2H2O \u2192 2H2 + O2\t \u2206H1 : +484 kJ I.\t2H2(g)\u200a+\u200aO2(s) \u2192 2H2O(g)\u200a+\u200aQ1 \t2H2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2H2O(s) \u200a\u200a\u0394H\u00b0 = \u2212570 kj \t 2C + 2H2 \u2192 C2H4\t \u2206H2 : +52 kJ II.\t2H2(g)\u200a+\u200aO2(g) \u2192 2H2O(s)\u200a+\u200aQ2 \tH2O(g) \u2192 H2O(s) \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u2005\u200a\u200a\u0394H\u00b0 = \u221245 kj \t 2C + 3H2 + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 C2H5OH 2 III.\t2H2(g)\u200a+\u200a2O(g) \u2192 2H2O(s)\u200a+\u200aQ3 \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- \t\t\t\t \u2206H3 : \u2013235 kJ Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yukar\u0131- da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, daki tepkimelerde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131- \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- lar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin hangisinde do\u011fru \t CO(g) + H2(g) \u2192 H2O(g) + C(k) da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, olarak k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kj'd\u00fcr? \t C2H4 + H2O \u2192 C2H5OH A) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 A) \u2212220\u2001 B) \u2212130\u2001 C) +130 B) Q1 > Q2 > Q3 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 C) Q2 > Q1 > Q3 kJ\u2019dir? D) Q3 > Q1 > Q2 E) Q3 > Q2 > Q1 \u2001 D) +220\u2001 E) +340\u2001 \t A) \u2013\u200a403\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a502\u2001 C) +258 \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a45\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a412\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: III. tepkimede olu\u015fan H2O en d\u00fc- zenli halde, (H2O(s)\u200a)\u200a , O2 ise en d\u00fczensiz halde (2O2(g)\u200a)\u200a oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 en fazlad\u0131r. I. tepkimede olu\u015fan H2O en d\u00fc- 8.\t C + O2 \u2192 CO2 + x kJ 11.\t N2 + 3H2 \u2192 2NH3\t \u2206H1 : \u2013\u200a92 kJ zensiz halde (H2O(g)\u200a)\u200a , O2 ise en \u2206H2 : +82 kJ d\u00fczenli halde (O2(s)\u200a)\u200a oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \tH2 + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O + y kJ \t N2 + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 N2O\t \u2206H3 : +242 kJ a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 en azd\u0131r. 2 2 A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131s\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131, \t 2C + 2H2 \u2192 C2H4 + 52 kJ 1 2 Q3 > Q2 > Q1 \u015feklindedir. \t C2H4 + 3O2 \u2192 2CO2 +2H2O + 1218 kJ \tH2O \u2192 H2 + \u2009O2\t Cevap: E \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimeler ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- Soru: da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, I.\tK\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yanmas\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, x + y\u2019nin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t 2NH3 + 2O2 \u2192 N2O + 3H2O II.\tSaf suyun elektrolizi A) 384\u2001 B) 428\u2001 C) 635 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? III.\tGaz halde klor atomunun \t elektron olmas\u0131 \u2001 D) 812\u2001 E) 974\u2001 Yukar\u0131da verilen olaylardan han- \t \t A) \u2013\u200a552\u2001 B) +552\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a472 gilerinde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00fcr\u00fcn- ler, girenlerden daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r? \t\u2001 D) +472\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a332\u2001 A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) Yaln\u0131z III\t D) I ve II E) II ve III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 9.\t 2C + 2H2 \u2192 C2H4\t \u2206H : +52 kJ Endotermik tepkimelerde y\u00fck- \t 2C + H2 + 226 kJ \u2192 C2H2 12.\t CH4\u2006+\u2006O2\u2006\u2192\u2006CH2O\u2006+\u2006H2O \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u2206H1 : \u2013\u200a276 kJ sek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00fcr\u00fcnler, girenlerden \t CH4\u2006+\u20062O2\u2006\u2192\u2006CO2\u2006+\u20062H2O \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u2206H2 : \u2013\u200a802 kJ daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r. \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeler ve enerji de\u011fi\u015fimleri \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- Buna g\u00f6re, bilinmektedir. larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \u2022\t K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yanmas\u0131, ekzotermik, \t Buna g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t CO2 + H2O \u2192 CH2O + O2 yanl\u0131\u015f C2H2 + H2 \u2192 C2H4 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 \u2022\t Saf suyun elektrolizi, endoter- \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? mik, do\u011fru \t kJ\u2019dir? \u2022\t Gaz halde klor atomunun elekt- ron olmas\u0131, ekzotermik, yanl\u0131\u015f Cevap: B \t A) \u2013\u200a174\u2001 B) +174\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a278 \t A) \u2013\u200a428\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a526\u2001 C) +526 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t\u2001 D) +278\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a318\u2001 \t\u2001 D) +628\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a628\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 114 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.C","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 7 1.\t Entalpi 4.\t\t\t \u2006Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 Soru: (kJ mol\u20131) \t Bile\u015fik\t C(k) + 1\/2 O2(g)\u2192 CO(g) + 110 kj CO2(g) \u2192 CO(g)\u200a+\u200a1\/2 O2(g) \t H2S\t \u2013 20 \t H2O\t \u2013 240 \u2206H= +284kj \t SO3\t \u2013 396 Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeler standart Zaman \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \t Zamanla entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi verilen kim- \tH2S + 2O2 \u2192 H2O + SO3 Buna g\u00f6re, standart \u015fartlarda yasal olay ile ilgili, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimeler- \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 den hangisinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi, \t I.\t Ekzotermik bir olayd\u0131r. kJ\u2019dir? \t II.\t Su buhar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131 olabilir. Potansiyel Enerji \t III.\t A\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyorsa orta- \t A) \u2013\u200a616\u2001 B) +616\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a383 ma \u0131s\u0131 verir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t\u2001 D) +383\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a135\u2001 0 -197 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Zaman \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u015feklindedir? (C:12, O:16) 5.\t\t\t \u2006Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 A) 6 g C(k) n\u0131n tam yanmas\u0131 (kJ mol\u20131) B) 11 g CO2(g) n\u0131n CO(g) na ay- \t Bile\u015fik\t r\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 C) 6 g C(k) n\u0131n eksik yanmas\u0131 2.\t I.\t Naftalinin s\u00fcblimle\u015fmesi \t N2O4\t +10 D) 14 g CO(g) n\u0131n elementlerine \t H2O\t \u2013 242 ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \t II.\t Karbondioksit gaz\u0131n\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi \t NH3\t \u2013 46 E) 7 g CO(g) n\u0131n yanmas\u0131 \t III.\t Hidrojen molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn atomlar\u0131na ay- \t Yukar\u0131daki verilere g\u00f6re 1,4 er mol N2O4 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve H2 gazlar\u0131n\u0131n, \t IV.\t Gaz halinde Ne atomunun elektron C(k) + O2(g)\u2192 CO2(g) \t N2O4 + 7H2 \u2192 2NH3 + 4H2O tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi vermesi -394 kj d\u00fcr. Yani 0,5 mol yani 6 g \t V.\t Gaz halinde Ne atomunun elektron al- \t denklemine g\u00f6re tam verimli tepkime- C(k) n\u0131n tam yanma entalpi de\u011fi- sinden a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak \u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \u015fimi -197 kj d\u00fcr. mas\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131daki olaylardan hangisi enerji \t A) 1070\u2001 B) 1050\u2001 C) 214 al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden di\u011fer d\u00f6rd\u00fcnden \t\u2001 D) 840\u2001 E) 210\u2001 farkl\u0131d\u0131r? \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V Cevap A 3.\t CH4 + 2O2 \u2192 CO2 +2H2O 6.\t C + O2 \u2192 CO2 + 394 \t Tepkimesi 25\u00b0C ve 1 atm de artans\u0131z ger- \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeye g\u00f6re e\u015fit k\u00fctlede \u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finde Q kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. C ve O2\u2019nin tam verimle tepkimesinden 157,6 kJ \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \t Di\u011fer nicelikler sabit kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla yap\u0131lan, \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime s\u0131ras\u0131nda hangi elementten ka\u00e7 gram artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\t \t I.\t Bas\u0131nc\u0131 5 atm\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131karma (C:12, O:16) \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 120\u00b0C\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131karma \t III.\t Ortama sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CH4 ekleme \t etkilerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak \u0131s\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) 8 gram O2\t B) 8 gram C \t C) 12 gram O2\t D) 12 gram C \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E) 24 gram C \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 115 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 7 Soru: 7.\t \t \t Ortalama ba\u011f 10.\t \t \t Ortalama ba\u011f \t \t \u200a Ba\u011f\t enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \t \u200a Ba\u011f\t enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \u200a\u200aB\u200a ile\u015fik \t Olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \t C \u2013 C\t \t 347 \t H \u2013 H\t\t 436 (kJ mol\u20131) C2H4\t +52 \t C C\t \t 620 \t N N\t \t 941 CH3CHO \u2212166 \t C C\t \t 812 \t O O\t\t 499 Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, normal \t Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, \t N \u2013 H\t \t 393 ko\u015fullarda 4,48 litre hacim kap- \t I.\t C atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tekli, ikili ya da \t O \u2013 H\t\t 460 layan C2H4 gaz\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flar olu\u015fabilir. \t Yukar\u0131daki ba\u011f enerjisi de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re, 1 C2H4(g) + 2 O2(g) \u2192 CH3CHO(g) \t II.\t C atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan C C ba\u011f \t I.\t N2 + 3H2 \u2192 2NH3 yap\u0131s\u0131nda t\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n enerjisi e\u015fittir. denklemine g\u00f6re, yeterli O2 ile tep- \t II.\t 2H2 + O2 \u2192 2H2O kimesinden ka\u00e7 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar? \t III.\t C atomlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt ba\u011f yapar. A) 21,8\t\t B) 43,6 \t sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hangilerine ula\u015f\u0131labilir? \t tepkimelerinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 \t C) 218\t\t D) 436 kJ\u2019dir? E) 654 A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\t I \t II \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A)\t \u2013\u200a109\t \u2013\u200a469 \t B)\t \u2013\u200a109\t +469 \t C)\t +109\t \u2013\u200a469 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 8.\t HH \t D)\t +109\t +496 \u00d6ncelikle \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve girenlerin olu- II \t E)\t \u2013\u200a81\t +371 \u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 fark\u0131ndan tepkimenin H \u2013 C = C \u2013 H + H \u2013 F \u2192 entalpisini hesaplayal\u0131m. HH \u2206H = \u00dcr\u00fcnler \u2212 Girenler \t II \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u2009 = \u2212166 \u2212 (52) H\u2013C\u2013 C \u2013 H \u2206H = \u2212218 kJ II 11.\tH2 + 1 2 1 mol C2H4 = 22,4 L = 218 kJ HF \u2009O2 \u2192 H2O\t \u2206H1 : \u2013\u200a242 kJ \t \u20094,48 L ? \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimenin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi- \t C + O2 \u2192 CO2\t \u2206H2 : \u2013\u200a394 kJ ni hesaplayabilmek i\u00e7in, ? = 43,6 kJ \t \t 2C3H8 + 10\u2009O2 \u2192 6CO2 + 8H2O CC \t\t\t\t \u2206H3 : \u2013\u200a4088 kJ \t \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. C\u2013C Cevap: B \t H\u2013F \t \t Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re C3H8\u2019in molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t C\u2013F \t C\u2013H \t A) \u2212\u200a88\u2001 B) +93\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a93 \t ba\u011f enerjilerinden en az ka\u00e7 tanesinin \t\u2001 D) +106\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a106\u2001 de\u011feri bilinmelidir? \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 9.\t \t \t Ortalama ba\u011f enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \t \u200a Ba\u011f\t 12.\t V + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 VO + 418 kJ 2 \t C \u2013 H\t \t 414 5 \t O \u2013 H\t\t 460 \t 2V + 2 \u2009O2 \u2192 V2O5 + 1560 kJ \t O O\t\t 499 \t Yukar\u0131daki verilere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t Yukar\u0131daki ba\u011f enerji de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re, \t CH4 + 2O2 \u2192 CO2 + 2H2O \tV2O5 + 3V \u2192 5VO \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t tepkimesinin entalpisi \u2013\u200a676 kJ\u2019dir. \t A) \u2013\u200a530\u2001 B) +530\u2001 C) \u2013\u200a1140 \t Buna g\u00f6re C O ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortalama ba\u011f enerjisi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t A) 380\u2001 B) 484\u2001 C) 576\u2001 D) 685\u2001 E) 745 \t\u2001 D) +1140\u2001 E) \u2013\u200a1978\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 116 7.A 8.E 9.E 10.A 11.E 12.A","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 8 1.\t Tepkimelerdeki enerji de\u011fi\u015fimi ile ilgili, 4.\t CO(g) + H2O(s) \u2192 CO2(g) + H2(g) Soru: \t I.\t \u2206H < 0 olan tepkimeler ekzotermiktir. \t Tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimini hesap- \t Ortalama ba\u011f \t II.\t \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131, girenlerinkinden layabilmek i\u00e7in, Ba\u011f\t enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) b\u00fcy\u00fck olan tepkimeler endoterniktir. \t III.\t T\u00fcm yanma tepkimeleri ekzotermiktir. \t I.\t CO(g) molar olu\u015fum N \u2212 N\t 193 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t II.\t CO2(g) molar olu\u015fum N N\t 941 \t III.\t H2O(g) molar olu\u015fum H \u2212 H\t 436 N \u2212 H\t 393 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t IV.\t CO(g) molar yanma Yukar\u0131da verilen de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re, \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t V.\t H2O(s) molar buharla\u015fma N2 + 2H2 \u2192 N2H4 \t \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131ndan en az hangileri bilinmelidir? tepkimesinin entalpisi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? A)\u2009\u200948\u2001 B)\u2009\u200936\u2001 C)\u2009\u200924 \t A) I, II ve III\t \t B) I, II ve V \u2001 D)\u2009\u200912\u2001 E)\u2009\u20098\u2001 \t C) I, II III ve V\t D) III, IV ve V \t E) I, II, IV ve V \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 2.\t 2C + O2 \u2192 2CO + x kJ \u00d6ncelikle molek\u00fcllerin a\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011f yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yazal\u0131m. \t CO + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 CO2 + y kJ N N + 2H \u2013 H \u2192 H\u2013 N\u2013 N \u2013 H 2 II HH 5.\t C2H4 + 3O2 \u2192 2CO2 + 2H2O \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re CO ve CO2 Kopan ba\u011flar\u0131n enerjisinden, olu- bile\u015fiklerinin molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7 \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \u20131410 kJ\u2019dir. \u015fan ba\u011flar\u0131n enerjisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak kJ\u2019dir? \t E\u015fit mol say\u0131da C2H4 ve O2 nin tam verimli tepkimenin entalpisi hesaplana- tepkimesinden Q kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken n bilir. \t \t CO\t CO2 mol C2H4 art\u0131yor. Kopan ba\u011flar \t \t A)\t \u2013 x\t \u2013 (x + y) \t Buna g\u00f6re Q de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? N N \u00b4 941 1813 kJ n 2H \u2212 H \u00b4 2.436 \t B)\t +x\t x\u2013y \t C)\t +x\t y\u2013x \t A) +705\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a705\u2001 C) +1410 \u200a\u200aOlu\u015fan ba\u011flar \t D)\t \u2013 x \t y\u2013 x N \u2212 N \u00b4 193 2 2 4N \u2212 H \u00b4 4.393 1765 kJ \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a1410\u2001 E) 2820\u2001 \t E)\t \u2013 x \t \u2013\u200a \u200a x \u2013y \u200a\u200a\u2206\u200a H = Kopan \u2013 Olu\u015fan 2 2 = 1813 \u2013 1765 6.\tH2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(g) \u200a\u200a\u2206\u200a\u200a H = 48 kJ 2 Cevap: A \t\t\t\t \u2206H = \u2013 242 kJ \tH2(g) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 H2O(s) 2 3.\t Sabit hacimli bir kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t\t\t\t \u2206H = \u2013 286 kJ \t X2(g) + 3Y2(g) \u2192 2XY3(g) \t C(k) +O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) \t tepkimesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaptaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 \t\t\t\t \u2206H = \u2013 394 kJ art\u0131yor. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, tepkime \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime ile ilgili, entalpisinin, \t I.\t Ekzotermiktir. \t II.\t D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta XY3, X2 ve Y2\u2019den \t I.\t Madde t\u00fcr\u00fcne daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r. \t II.\t Maddenin fiziksel haline \t III.\t Zamanla kapta gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu azal\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131nda hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t III.\t Ortam \u015fartlar\u0131na \t \u00f6zelliklerinden hangilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu- \u011fu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 1.B 2.E 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 117 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 8 Soru: 7.\t 2X(k) + 1 \u2009O2(g) \u2192 X2O3(k) 10.\t H 2 I. I 2C + H2 \u2192 C2H2 \t tepkimesinin entalpisi \u2013 1670 kJ dir. \t H\u2013C\u2013 H \u2206H1 = +226 kJ \t 10,8 gram X kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli miktarda O2 I H 6C + 3H2 \u2192 C6H6 gaz\u0131yla tepkimesi sonucunda 334 kJ \u0131s\u0131 HH \u200a\u200a\u2206\u200a\u200a H2 = +82 kJ a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. II Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, 0,6 mol \t Buna g\u00f6re, X\u2019in mol k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7 gram- II. H \u2013 C \u2013 C \u2013 H C2H2\u2019nin, d\u0131r? II HH 3C2H2 \u2192 C6H6 \t A) 108\u2001 B) 54\u2001 C) 27\u2001 D) 18\u2001 E) 72 \t III.\t O C O denklemine g\u00f6re, tepkimesinden \t Yukar\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerin ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ka\u00e7 kJ \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar? birer mollerinin atomlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak \u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakile- A) 596\t\t B) 298 rin hangisinde do\u011fru olarak k\u0131yaslan- m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? C) 188\t\t D) 135,4 E) 119,2 \t\t \t Ortalama ba\u011f \t\t \u200aBa\u011f\t enerjisi (kJ mol\u20131) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 8.\t C + O2 \u2192 CO2\t \u2206H = \u2013 394 kJ \t C \u2013 H\t \t 414 \u0130stenen tepkimeyi elde edebilmek \t S + O2 \u2192 SO2\t \u2206H = \u2013 296 kJ \t C \u2013 C\t \t 347 i\u00e7in ilk tepkime ters \u00e7evrilip \u00fc\u00e7 ile \t geni\u015fletilirken ikinci tepkime ay- 0,5 moll\u00fck C\u2009\u2013\u2009S kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yeterli O2 ile ya- \t C O\t\t 745 nen al\u0131n\u0131r. k\u0131l\u0131yor. 3C2H2 \u2192 6C + 3H2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t A) I > II > III\t \t B) II > I > III \t \u2206H1\u0131 = 3x(\u2212226) \t I.\t Olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131 197 kJ\u2019den azd\u0131r. \t \u2206H1\u0131 = \u2013 678 \t C) II > III > I\t \t D) III > I > II \t II.\t Olu\u015fan \u0131s\u0131 148 kJ\u2019den fazlad\u0131r. 6C + 3H2 \u2192 C6H6 \t E) III > II > I \t III.\t Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda C ve S\u2019nin k\u00fctlece y\u00fczdesi \t+ \u200a\u200a\u2206\u200a H2 = +82 e\u015fitse a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kacak \u0131s\u0131 172,5 kJ\u2019dir. 11.\t Fe + 1 \u2009O2 \u2192 FeO\t \t \u2206H1 = x kJ 2 3C2H2 \u2192 C6H6 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?\t \u2206H = \u2206H1\u0131 + \u2206H2 (C:12, S:32) \t S + O2 \u2192 SO2\t\t \u2206H2 = y kJ \u2206H = \u2212678 + 82 \u2206H = \u2212596 596 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t S+ 3 \u2009O2 \u2192 SO3\t\t \u2206H3 = z kJ ? 2 3 mol C2H2 \t 0,6 mol C2H2\t \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar- da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t ? = 119,2 Cevap: E \t FeO + SO2 \u2192 Fe + SO3 \t tepkimesinin, entalpisi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? 9.\tS (k) + O2 (g) \u2192 SO2 (g) \t A) x + y + z \t \t \t B) x + y \u2013 z \t C) z \u2013 x + y\t \t \t D) z \u2013 x \u2013 y \tS (k) + O3 (g) \u2192 SO3 (g) \t E) \u2013 (x + y + z) \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerin standart \u015fartlarda 12.\t N2(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 2NO2(g) \u200a\u2206H1 = +33 kJ entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimleri bilinmektedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda, \t N2(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 N2O4(g) \u2206H2 = +10 kJ \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 ko\u015ful- \t I.\t SO2\u2019nin molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \t II.\t SO3\u2019\u00fcn molar olu\u015fum \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t III.\t SO2\u2019nin molar yanma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri belirlenebilir? \t N2O4(g) \u2192 2NO2(g) \t tepkimesinin entalpisi ka\u00e7 kJ\u2019dir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) +23\u2001 B) \u2013\u200a23\u2001 C) +43 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 4 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) \u2013\u200a43\u2001 E) +59.5\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE ENERJ\u0130 118 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.A","\u00dcN\u0130TE 5 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: aktivasyon enerjisi, h\u0131z sabiti, inhibit\u00f6r, kataliz\u00f6r, ortalama tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 \u25ba\t TEPKIME HIZLARI \t Kimyasal tepkimeler ile tanecik \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t Kimyasal tepkimelerin h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Madde miktar\u0131 (deri\u015fim, mol, k\u00fctle, gaz maddeler i\u00e7in normal \u015fartlarda hacim) ile tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 ili\u015fkilen- dirilir. \t b.\t Ortalama tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 kavram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t c.\t Homojen ve heterojen faz tepkimelerine \u00f6rnekler verilir. \u25ba\t TEPKIME HIZINI ETKILEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER \t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131na etki eden fakt\u00f6rleri a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Tek basamakl\u0131 tepkimelerde, her iki y\u00f6ndeki tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 ifadeleri verilir. \t b.\t \u00c7ok basamakl\u0131 tepkimeler i\u00e7in h\u0131z belirleyici basama\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde durulur. \t c.\t Madde cinsi, deri\u015fim, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kataliz\u00f6r (enzimlere girilmez) ve temas y\u00fczeyinin tepkime h\u0131z\u0131na etkisi \u00fczerinde durulur. Arrhenius ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na girilmez. \t \u00e7.\t Oktay Sinano\u011flu\u2019nun k\u0131sa biyografisini ve tepkime mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tan\u0131tan okuma par\u00e7as\u0131na yer verilir.","\u00c7ARPI\u015eMA TEOR\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 1 1.\t \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fma teorisine g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn tepkimeler 3.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimede, \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fma Teorisi uygun geometri ve yeterli kinetik enerji- \t X \u2192 Tepkime entalpisi li taneciklerin etkin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. Tepkimeler aktif kompleks denilen ara ka- \t Y \u2192 \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin potansiyel enerjisi Bir kimyasal tepkime ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir- rars\u0131z ge\u00e7i\u015f halinden \u00fcr\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131r. \t Z \u2192 Girenlerin potansiyel enerjisi ken reaktifler do\u011frudan \u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6- n\u00fc\u015femezler. \u00d6ncelikle ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t K \u2192 Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi veya ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksi ad\u0131 verilen \tx \t L \u2192 \u0130leri aktivasyon enerjisi bir ara yap\u0131 olu\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. xy I y xy \t M \u2192 Geri aktivasyon enerjisi A2 + B2 \u2192 [A2B2] \u2192 2AB x+ y II + x \t olarak verildi\u011fine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki k\u0131yas- Reaktif Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00dcr\u00fcn y xy lamalardan hangisi kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? kompleksi L \t A) Z > Y\u2001 B) L > M\u2001 C) X > Y \t \u015feklinde modellenen tepkime i\u00e7in a\u015fa- \t\u2001 D) Y > Z\u2001 E) Z > K\u2001 Potansiyel enerji \u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisinin do\u011frulu\u011fu kesin de\u011fildir? kompleks [A2B2] \t A)\t I. i\u015flem sonucu olu\u015fan yap\u0131 aktif komp- A2+B2 2AB \u00dcr\u00fcnler lekstir. Reaktifler \t B)\t I. i\u015flem endotermik 2. i\u015flem ekzoter- Zaman miktir. 4.\t Kimyasal bir tepkimenin ileri ve geri NOT: \t C)\t K \u015feklinde maddelerin toplam enerjisi Z ve L \u015feklindekilerden daha fazlad\u0131r. y\u00f6ndeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinde, Ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksi, karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck- \t I.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleks t\u00fcr\u00fc sek, hem \u00fcr\u00fcne hem reaktife \t D)\t L \u015feklindeki maddelerin toplam enerjisi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilen, reaksiyonun olu\u015fma Z \u015feklindeki maddelerin toplam enerji- \t II.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleks enerjisi h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. sinden fazlad\u0131r. \t III.\t Aktifle\u015fme enerjisi \t E)\t I. i\u015flemdeki enerji de\u011fi\u015fimi ileri aktivas- yon enerjisidir. \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri farkl\u0131d\u0131r? \u2022\t \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fma Teorisi\u2019ne g\u00f6re; re- aktifler uygun geometriyle ve \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z I yeterli enerjiyle (aktifle\u015fme enerjisi) \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa ge\u00e7i\u015f komp- \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 leksi olu\u015fabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her reaktif molek\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ge- 2.\t Potans\u0d88yel enerj\u0d88 (kJ) 5.\tX(g) + Y(g) \u2192 Z(g) \u00e7i\u015f kompleksi olu\u015fturmaz. 90 \u2022\t Etkin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a daha \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fur. Dolay\u0131- 50 s\u0131yla reaksiyon daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. 30 Yani reaksiyonun h\u0131z\u0131 etkin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011fru oran- Zaman t\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \tN2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2NO(g) \u2022\t \u00dcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeyen \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmala- \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in verilen grafi\u011fe g\u00f6re a\u015fa- ra ise etkin olmayan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma denir. \u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A)\t Tepkime entalpisi 20 kJ dir. \u2022\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 zamanla azal\u0131r. \t B)\t Tepkime standart \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015f- \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in X in fiziksel hali de\u011fi\u015ftiri- mi\u015ftir. lirse tepkimeye ait, \t C)\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi 90 kJ dir. \t D)\t Geri tepkimenin aktifle\u015fme enerjisi 40 \t I.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleks t\u00fcr\u00fc kJ dir. \t II.\t \u0130leri aktivasyon enerjisi \t E)\t Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarda geri tepkime, ileri tepki- \t III.\t Geri aktivasyon enerjisi meden h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. \t IV.\t Tepkime entalpisi 1.D 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.C \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri de\u011fi\u015fir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) III ve IV\u2001 C) II ve IV \t \u2001 D) I, II ve IV\u2001 E) I, III ve IV\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 121 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","\u00c7ARPI\u015eMA TEOR\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 1 Aktifle\u015fme Enerjisi 6.\t Standart \u015fartlarda olu\u015fan 8.\t Standart \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Bir reaksiyonun olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \t2NH3(g) \u2192 N2(g) + 3H2(g) \tN2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) tepkimesinin a\u015fmas\u0131 gereken \t tepkimesinin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi ve aktifle\u015f- e\u015fiktir. Ancak aktifle\u015fme (e\u015fik) \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in \u2206H = +44 kJ, aktifle\u015fme enerjisini a\u015fan tanecikler \u00fcr\u00fcne enerjisi 134 kJ dir. me enerjisi biliniyor. d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bir reaksiyonda e\u015fik \t Buna g\u00f6re; enerjisi de\u011feri reaktiflerin \u00f6zelli- \t Buna g\u00f6re, geri tepkimenin Potansiyel \t I.\t NH3\u2019\u00fcn molar olu\u015fum entalpisi \u011fiyle ilgilidir. enerji \u2013 Zaman grafi\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t II.\t Geri aktifle\u015fme enerjisi hangisi olabilir? \t III.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi \u00d6rne\u011fin, + ve \u2013 y\u00fckl\u00fc iki iyon ara- \t IV.\t Geri tepkimenin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi s\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek tepkimenin \t B) \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri bulunabilir? aktifle\u015fme enerjisi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t A)\t \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc + ve \u2013 y\u00fck birbirini \u00e7e- ker. D\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla \t 90 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I \u2001 B) III ve IV\u2001 C) I, II, III ve IV elektron olan yap\u0131lar, birbirini ite- 90 44 ce\u011finden aktivasyon enerjisi daha 54 10 y\u00fcksek olur. 10 Endotermik ve ekzotermik Zaman Zaman \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) II, III ve IV\u2001 tepkimelerin enerji diyagram\u0131 D) Zaman C) Potansiyel enerji (kJ) 90 54 0 20 9.\tN2(g) + 2O2(g) + 16 kJ \u2192 2NO2(g) \u2013\t24 \u2013\t44 Ea \u2206H Zaman \t C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + x kJ E) \t C(k) + 1 O2(g) \u2192 CO(g) + 16 kJ 2 Zaman Endotermik \tN2(g) + O2(g) + 42 kJ \u2192 2NO(g) Ea > O \u2206H > O 80 \t de\u011ferleri veriliyor. 44 \t Buna g\u00f6re, 0 Potansiyel enerji (kJ) \t CO(g) + NO2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + NO(g) Zaman \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in, Eai = 32 kJ Eag = 97 kJ Ea ise, x de\u011feri nedir? \u2206H 7.\t Potans\u0d88yel enerj\u0d88 (kJ) \t A) 94\u2001 B) 58\u2001 C) 16\u2001 D) \u201394\u2001 E) \u2013128 Zaman 110 Ekzotermik 10.\t Potans\u0d88yel enerj\u0d88 Ea > 0 \u2206H < 0 NOT: 60 Y X Bir reaksiyonun ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksi 20 ile reaktifleri aras\u0131ndaki enerji K Zaman fark\u0131na ileri aktifle\u015fme enerji- Zaman O si (Ea ileri), ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksi ile \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131ndaki enerji fark\u0131na \tX2(g) + Y2(g) \u2192 2XY(g) \t Bir tepkimenin PE \u2013 zaman grafi\u011fine geri aktifle\u015fme enerjisi (Ea geri) \t tepkimenin PE \u2013 zaman grafi\u011fine g\u00f6re g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi yan- denir. Tepkime entalpisi (\u2206H) l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? de\u011feri, tepkimenin ileri aktivasyon enerjisi (Eai) ile 1 mol XY(g) olu\u015fumuna e\u015flik edenenerji \u2206H = Ea ileri \u2013 Ea geri (\u2206H\u00b0) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki se\u00e7eneklerden hangisin- de do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? form\u00fcl\u00fcyle de bulunur. \t \t Eai \t \u2206H \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t A)\t 110\t \t A)\t Y geri aktivasyon enerjisidir. \t B)\t 110\t -40 \t B)\t X ileri tepkimenin aktivasyon enerjisi- \t C)\t 50\t +20 \t D)\t 90\t -60 dir. \t E)\t 90\t +20 \t C)\t Tepkime entalpisi Y \u2013 X\u2019tir. -60 \t D)\t Girenlerin potansiyel enerjisi K\u2019dir. \t E)\t \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin potansiyel X \u2013 Y + K\u2019dir. K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 122 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.C","HIZ HESAPLAMALARI Test \/ 2 1.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimede; 4.\tX2(g) + 3Y2(g) \u2192 2XY3(g) Deri\u015fim ve H\u0131z \t \u2022\tX2 nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 Z\u2019nin olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131- \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in Bir tepkimede bulunan madde- na e\u015fittir lerin birim zamanda ger\u00e7ekle- \t r1 = X2\u2019nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 \u015fen miktar de\u011fi\u015fimine h\u0131z denir. \t \u2022\t Y2 nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 X2\u2019nin harcanma \t r2 = Y2\u2019nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 r ile g\u00f6sterilir. Baz\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n 3 kat\u0131d\u0131r. \t r3 = XY3\u2019\u00fcn olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 tepkimeler olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle- \t temsil etmektedir. \u015firken baz\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f ger- \t Buna g\u00f6re, Z\u2019nin molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa- \u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bir reaksiyonun olu\u015fum \u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? h\u0131z\u0131 reaksiyonun t\u00fcr\u00fcne, reaktif deri\u015fimine ve ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131na \t Buna g\u00f6re, ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Reaksiyonlar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 belirli bir za- \t A) XY3\u2001 B) X3Y\u2001 C) XY \t I.\t r2 = \u2013 \u2206[Y2] man aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya herhangi bir 3\u2206t anda hesaplanabilir. \t\u2001 D) X6Y2\u2001 E) X2Y6\u2001 Belirli bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belir- \t II.\t r3 = + \u2206[XY3] lenen h\u0131za ortalama h\u0131z ad\u0131 verilir. \u2206t Bir tepkimede bulunan maddele- rin harcanma veya olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131, \t III.\t 6r1 = 2r2 = 3r3 tepkimedeki katsay\u0131lar\u0131yla oran- t\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t e\u015fitliklerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) II ve III 2.\tNH3 ve O2\u2019nin tepkimesinden H2O ve \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 A2(g) + 3B2(g) \u2192 2C(g) NxOy nin olu\u015ftu\u011fu bir tepkimede tanecik- Reaksiyonu i\u00e7in; lerin ortalama h\u0131zlar\u0131 ili\u015fkisi (r = H\u0131z) 5.\tN2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) r1=A2\u2019nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 \t \t 3rNH3 = 6rNxOy = 3rO2 = 2rH2O r2= B2\u2019nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 \t \u015feklindedir. r3= C\u2019nin olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, x ve y say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 olsun. nedir? \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in \u00e7izilen, r1 = \u2212\u2206[A2] \t [NH3] mol \u2206t \t A) 2\u2001 B) 3\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 5\u2001 E) 7 L \u2212\u2206[B2] r2 = \u2206t 0,4 r3 = +\u2206[C] \u2206t Zaman (dk) 10 \u015feklinde ifadelendirilir. Burada \u2206t \t NH3\u2019\u00fcn deri\u015fimi - zaman grafi\u011fine g\u00f6re zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (\u2013) maddelerin 2 litrelik kapta 10 dakikada harcanan H2 harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (+) ise olu\u015ftu\u011funu 3.\tX(g) + 2Y(g) \u2192 2Z(g) nin k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7 gramd\u0131r? (H2 = 2 g\/mol) ifade eder. \t tepkimesinde Y nin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve 5. dakika \t A) 0,6\u2001 B) 1,2\u2001 C) 1,8\u2001 D) 2,4\u2001 E) 4,8 r1 = r2 = r3 sonundaki deri\u015fimleri veriliyor. 3 2 \t \t Zaman (dk)\t [Y] mol \u015feklinde e\u015fitlik yaz\u0131labilir. Yani \t L h\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131rken kat- say\u0131lar dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. \t \t 0\t \t 1,2 \t \t 5\t \t 0,4 \t Buna g\u00f6re, X\u2019in ortalama harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 aX + bY \u2192 cZ ve Z\u2019nin ortalama olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 ka\u00e7 mol dir? L.dk 6.\t C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) \u2192 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(s) \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re C3H8\u2019in ortalama har- tepkimesindeki maddelerin h\u0131zlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, canma h\u0131z\u0131 4.10\u20135 mol \u2019dir. \t\t rX \t rZ L.dk \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200araX rY rZ \t A)\t 0,04\t 0,08 \t Buna g\u00f6re, 10 litrelik kapta 5 dakikada = \u200a\u200a B = C \t B)\t 0,16\t 0,16 \t C)\t 0,08\t 0,16 olu\u015fan CO2\u2019nin mol say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131labilir. \t D)\t 0,02\t 0,04 \t E)\t 0,16\t 0,08 \t A) 6.10\u2013 3\u2001 B) 3.10\u2013 5\u2001 C) 3,6.10\u2013 5 \t\u2001 D) 2,4.10\u2013 4\u2001 E) 3,6.10\u2013 4\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 1.E 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 123 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","HIZ HESAPLAMALARI Test \/ 2 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 7.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2SO3(g) 10.\t Zn(k) + 2H+(suda) \u2192 Zn+(s2uda) + H2(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) \t tepkimesi 3 ayr\u0131 deneyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken \t tepkimesinin h\u0131z\u0131 SO3\u2019\u00fcn olu\u015fma h\u0131zlar\u0131, \t \u2022\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve hacimde bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 V1 V2 V3 \t \u2022\t Kat\u0131 k\u00fctlesindeki azalma \t I.\t 0,02 mol \/ dk \t \u2022\t \u0130letkenlik azalmas\u0131 olsun. \t \u2022\t pH deki de\u011fi\u015fim \t \u2022\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta hacim de\u011fi\u015fimi V1 = \u2013\u200a\u200a\u200a \u2206[N2] V2 = \u2013\u200a\u200a\u200a \u2206[H2] \t II.\t 0,01 mol \/ L.s \t verilen y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7 tanesi ile \u00f6l- \u2206t \u2206t \t III.\t 0,05 L \/ dk (Normal ko\u015fullarda) \t \u015feklinde veriliyor. \u00e7\u00fclebilir? V3 = + \u2206[NH3] \t Hangi deneylerde belirli bir zaman dili- \u2206t minde harcanan O2\u2019nin k\u00fctlesi hesapla- \t A) 5\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 nabilir? (O2 = 32 g\/mol) \u015feklinde hesaplan\u0131r. 11.\t I.\t N2 (g) + O2(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u2192 2NO(g) A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u2206[ ] = Son \u2013 ilk\u2019dir. \t II. C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t III.\t N2(g) +3H2(g) \u2192 \u20182NH3(g) + \u0131s\u0131 H\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmada, \t \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimelerle ilgili a\u015fa- \t 1. \u0007Katsay\u0131lar payda olarak yaz\u0131- \u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? l\u0131rsa, \t A)\t I. tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 sabit hacimli kapta V1 = V2 = V1 bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalmas\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. 1 3 2 \t B)\t II. tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131l- 2. K\u0007 atsay\u0131lar\u0131n OKEK\u2019\u200aine ula\u015ft\u0131ran m\u0131\u015f kapta hacim art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. say\u0131 \u00e7arpan al\u0131n\u0131r. \t C)\t III. tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gaz 6V1 = 2V2 = 3V3 yo\u011funlu\u011fundaki azal\u0131\u015fla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Molarite \t D)\t I. ve III. tepkimede N2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n harcan- ma h\u0131z\u0131 e\u015fit ise \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin olu\u015fum h\u0131z\u0131 4 70 Zaman 8.\t2H2O + O2(g) \u2192 2H2O2(g) e\u015fittir. 3 (saniye) 2 \t tepkimesinde 5. dk sonunda ortamda sabit \t E)\t II. tepkimede O2 nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 en- s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 0,5 mol H2O2 olu\u015fuyor. talpi de\u011fi\u015fiminin \u00f6l\u00e7elmesiyle hesapla- 10 30 nabilir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin ilk 10 dakikas\u0131n- 0 \u2013 70 s aras\u0131 ortalama h\u0131z, da harcanan O2 nin mol say\u0131s\u0131, Tepkime H\u0131z\u0131 = 4 mol \t I.\t 0,25 70 L.s \t II.\t 0,4 Bir tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 deri\u015fimde mey- dana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimler ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebile- \t III.\t 0,5 ce\u011fi gibi tepkime esnas\u0131nda mey- dana gelen di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fimlerle de \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri olabilir? \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 12.\t 2XY3(s) \u2192 X2(g) + 3Y2(g) \t N2O4(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u2192 2NO2(g) \t tepkimesi 10 litrelik kapta 10 dakikada ta- mamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 0,2 mol XY3 harcanmak- \u2022\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 hacim, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve tad\u0131r. s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimiyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. \t X2 ve Y2\u2019nin molar olu\u015fma h\u0131zlar\u0131 mol \t AgNO3(k)\u200a\u200a\u2192\u200a \u200aA\u200a g+(suda)+ NO3\u2013(suda) L.dk \u2022\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 iletkenlik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile 9.\tH2(g) + CI2(g) \u2192 2HCI(g) cinsinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 takip edilebilir. \t2NO2(g) \u2192 N2(g) + 2O2(g) \t Br2(s) + HCOOH(suda) \u2192 \t 2SO3(g) \u2192 2SO2(g) + O2(g) do\u011fru g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir? \t 2H+(suda) +\u200a2\u200a Br \u2013 +\u200aC\u200a O2(g) \t\t VX2 VY2 (suda) \t \u2022\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 pH, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve ilet- \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangilerinin kenlik de\u011fi\u015fimi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. h\u0131z\u0131 sabit hacimli kapta sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \t A)\t 10\u20133 3.10\u20133 bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir? \t B)\t 10\u20133 3.10\u20132 \t C)\t 10\u20132 3.10\u20133 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve III \t D)\t 10\u20132 3.10\u20132 \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t 2.10\u20133 6.10\u20133 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 124 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A","DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M ETK\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 3 1.\t aX + bY \u2192 \u00dcr\u00fcn 4.\t aX + bY + cZ \u00ae \u00fcr\u00fcn Deri\u015fim \t tepkimesi tek ad\u0131ml\u0131 olup X\u2019e g\u00f6re 2. \t \u015feklinde sabit hacimli kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Bir tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 tepkimenin dereceden, Y\u2019ye g\u00f6re birinci derece- dendir. X ve Y deri\u015fimleri 0,2 M al\u0131n- bir tepkimeyle ilgili \u00f6zelliklerine ve tepkimeye giren d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deneyde tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 8.10\u20134 mol \/ L.s ise tepkimenin k sabitinin \t \u2022\t X, Y ve Z miktarlar\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n- maddelerin deri\u015fimlerine g\u00f6re de- de\u011feri ve birimi nedir? \u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Tepkimenin \u00f6zellik- da tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 16 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. lerine ve olu\u015fum ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \t \u2022\t X miktar\u0131 3, Z miktar\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olarak h\u0131za sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiye h\u0131z sabiti(k) ad\u0131 verilir. H\u0131z sabiti her tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 18 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. tepkimeye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir de\u011fere sahip- \t A) 0,1 mol \t \t B) 0,2 mol \t \u2022\t Y miktar\u0131 4, Z miktar\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tir. Ancak ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 L.s L.s tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 8 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. olarak de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. \t C) 0,2 L2 \t D) 0,1 L2 \t bilgileri veriliyor Tepkimede bulunan maddeler- mol2.s mol2.s den baz\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0131za etki etmezken \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frudan etki edebilir. \t E) 0,4 L2 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n mol2.s deri\u015fimleri sabit oldu\u011fundan, mik- \t A)\t r = [X] [Y]2 [Z] tarlar\u0131nda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131za etki etmez. Ancak gazlarda \t B)\t r = [X]2 [Y] [Z] ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde deri\u015fim de\u011fi\u015fken \t C)\t r = [X] [Y] [Z] oldu\u011fundan gazlar ve \u00e7\u00f6zelti deri- \u015fimlerinin h\u0131za etkisi bulunabilir. 2.\t Tek basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bilinen, \t D)\t r = [X] [Y] [Z]2 Bir maddenin miktar\u0131nda meyda- \t E)\t r = [Y]2 [Z] na gelen de\u011fi\u015fimin h\u0131za etkisi \u00e7e- \tX2(g) + Y2(k) + 2Z2(g) \u2192 T(g) \u015fitli deneylerle bulunabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin h\u0131za etkisi incelenen maddenin \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, miktar\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \t I.\t X2 nin harcanma h\u0131z\u0131 ile T nin olu\u015fum h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fmiyorsa bu maddenin h\u0131za etkisi bulunmaz. Ancak h\u0131z\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 e\u015fittir. 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa tepkimeyi 1. \t II.\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 Y2 miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak dereceden, 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa 2. dereceden, 8 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa 3. de\u011fi\u015fmez. dereceden etkiler. \t III.\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 Z2\u2019ye g\u00f6re 2. derecedendir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? NOT: Bir maddenin h\u0131z\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi kuvvete derece veya mertebe \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 5.\t Tek ad\u0131mla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ad\u0131 verilir. H\u0131za etki eden mad- delerin dereceleri toplam\u0131na \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t \t nX(g) + mY(g)\u2192 YmXn(g) tepkime derecesi veya merte- besi ad\u0131 verilir. \t tepkimesinin sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 belirle- Bir tepkimenin h\u0131z ifadesi, k ile mek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tabloda deri\u015fime etki eden maddelerin de- verilmi\u015ftir. ri\u015fimleri \u00e7arp\u0131larak bulunur. 3.\t Sabit hacimli kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, [X] [Y] H\u0131z \u00d6rne\u011fin, h\u0131z ifadesi k.[X]2.[Y] Deney mol\/L (mol\/L.s) \u015feklinde olan bir tepkimede h\u0131z\u0131 X 2. dereceden, Y 1. dereceden etki- mol\/L lemi\u015ftir. \tN2(g) + 2H2(g) \u2192 N2H4(g) 1 0,01 0,01 2.10\u20133 \t tepkimesi tek ad\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. 2 0,02 0,01 8.10\u20133 \t Buna g\u00f6re, 3 0,02 0,02 16.10\u20133 \t I.\t Tepkime h\u0131z ifadesi r = k. [\u200aN2\u200a].[\u200aH2\u200a]2 \t II.\t Kap hacmi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131- \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? kar\u0131l\u0131rsa tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 1 kat\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer. 4 \t III.\t Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta He gaz\u0131 eklenirse \t A)\t m + n = 3\u2019t\u00fcr. tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 artar. \t B)\t Olu\u015fan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn form\u00fcl\u00fc YX2\u2019dir. \t C)\t Tepkime X\u2019e g\u00f6re 1.derecedendir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t D)\t H\u0131z sabitinin birimi L2\/mol2.s dir. \t E)\t X ve Y nin deri\u015fimleri artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131z \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II sabitinin de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 125 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 1.D 2.E 3.A 4.B 5.C","DER\u0130\u015e\u0130M ETK\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 3 Tepkimeler tek basamakl\u0131 olarak 6.\t 9.\t Sabit hacimli bir kapta tek basamakta olu\u015fabilece\u011fi gibi \u00e7ok basamakl\u0131 olarak da ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. 1 mol X 1 mol X olu\u015fan 1 mol Y 3 mol Y Tek basamakl\u0131 (tek aktifle\u015fmi\u015f \tO3(g) + O(g) \u2192 2O2(g) kompleksli) tepkimelerde h\u0131z ba- \u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 k ile gaz veya suda bulunan \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in maddelerin deri\u015fimlerinin do\u011fru- \t I.\t H\u0131z denklemi k.[O3].[O] \u015feklindedir. dan \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde bulunur. \t II.\t Tepkime h\u0131z ifadesi 2. derecedendir. NOT: \t 1L 2L \t III.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaba He gaz\u0131 ilavesi \t tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkilemez. Bir tepkimede reaktiflerin kat- X + 2Y \u2192 2Z tepkimesi gaz faz\u0131nda tek say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131na molek\u00fcla- ad\u0131mda olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? rite, h\u0131z ifadesindeki kuvvetler Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarda I. \u015fekilde h\u0131z a ise II. kap- toplam\u0131na derece (mertebe) ta h\u0131z\u0131 ka\u00e7 \u201ca\u201d d\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III ad\u0131 verilir. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A) 8 \u2001 B) 9 \u2001 C) 8 9 8 3 Molek\u00fclarite \t\u2001 D) 3 \u2001 E) 1 \u2001 5 8 2 1 2 Mertebe 5 0 1 H\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 7.\t I.\t N2(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 2NO2(g) 10.\t [X] mol \/ L r = k.[X]2 . [Y]3 \t II.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2SO3(g) r=k r = k . [H2\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a] \t III.\t 2HI(g) \u2192 H2(g) + I2(g) Reaktifler \t Yukar\u0131daki tek basamakl\u0131 tepkime- I 2X(g) + 3Y2(g) lerden hangilerinde k sabitinin birimi 2 L dir? CaCO3(k) mol.s II H2(g) + Br(s) 1 \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III 12 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 mol Y L 8.\t Gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir tepkimenin \t aX + bY \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim azalt\u0131larak reaktifle- \t tepkimesi tek ad\u0131ml\u0131 olup gaz faz\u0131nda rin deri\u015fimi artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. I. durumdaki h\u0131z\u0131n II. durum- \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki daki h\u0131za oran\u0131 1 t\u00fcr. yarg\u0131lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 4 \t A)\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 artar. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t B)\t Etkin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 artar. \t I.\t a = 3 b = 1\u2019dir. \t C)\t E\u015fik enerjisini ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 de- \t II.\t Tepkimenin h\u0131z sabit k = 10 ise X = 0,2M \t \u011fi\u015fmez. Y = 0,1 M iken h\u0131z = 2.10\u2013 4 mol dir. D)\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve enerjisi L.s \t K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ de\u011fi\u015fir. \t III.\t Tepkime h\u0131z ifadesi 4. derecedendir. E)\t Tepkime h\u0131z denklemi de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olabilir? 126 \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z I \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.E 10.A","MEKAN\u0130ZMALI TEPK\u0130MELER Test \/ 4 1.\t A(g) + 2B(g) \u2192 Z(g) 3.\tH+ + CI\u2013 + H2O2 \u2192 HOCI + H2O yava\u015f Mekanizmal\u0131 Tepkimeler \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \t HOCI + H+ + CI\u2013 \u2192 CI2 + H2O h\u0131zl\u0131 Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi esnas\u0131nda iki veya \t r = k.[A].[B] \u015feklindedir. daha \u00e7ok ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksi olu\u015fan \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t sulu ortamda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yukar\u0131daki tep- tepkimelerdir. Bu tepkimelerde \t I.\t Tepkimenin olu\u015fumu esnas\u0131nda en az kime i\u00e7in, h\u0131z\u0131, aktifle\u015fme enerjisi en y\u00fcksek basamak olan yava\u015f basamak 2 tane aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleks olu\u015fur. \t I.\t HCI\u2019nin deri\u015fimini 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma belirler. \t II.\t Tepkimenin h\u0131zl\u0131 basama\u011f\u0131, \t \t M + B \u2192 Z \u015feklinde olabilir. \t II.\t H2O2\u2019nin deri\u015fimini 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma Bir basamakta olu\u015fup di\u011ferinde \t III.\t Kap hacmi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yar\u0131ya d\u00fc- \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltide suyun hacmini buharla\u015fma harcanan maddelere ara \u00fcr\u00fcn ad\u0131 verilir. \u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. ile yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Potansiyel enerji \t i\u015flemleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. I II III \t Buna g\u00f6re tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki b d f ili\u015fki hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru olarak ve- rilmi\u015ftir? ce g \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) III > I = II\u2001 B) III > II > I\u2001 C) I = II > III a Zaman \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II > III > I\u2001 E) I > III > II\u2001 NOT: a = reaktif b, d, f = ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksi 4.\t Gaz faz\u0131nda iki basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir c, e = ara \u00fcr\u00fcn tepkimenin basamaklar\u0131 g = \u00fcr\u00fcn \t X + Y \u2192 Z \u2006yava\u015f Yukar\u0131da 3 basamakta ger\u00e7ekle- \t Z + Y \u2192 M h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fen bir tepkimenin enerji diyagra- \t \u015feklindedir. m\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu diyagramda aktivasyon enerjisi en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- basamak I., en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan basa- dakilerden hangisidir? mak III. basamakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle h\u0131z ifadesi I. basama\u011fa g\u00f6re ya- z\u0131l\u0131r. \t A) k.[Y]\u2001 B) k .[X].[Y]\u2001 C) k .[X] .[Y] 2 II. basamak en yukar\u0131da olmas\u0131 2.\t PE (kJ) \t\u2001 D) k.[Y]2\u2001 E) k.[Z]\u2001 sebebiyle en yava\u015f olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc- lebilmektedir. Ancak \u00f6nemli olan 110 80 tabandan de\u011fil, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan (c 50 40 noktas\u0131ndan) y\u00fcksekli\u011fidir. 10 5.\t2H2 + 2NO \u2192 N2 + 2H2O 2N2O(g) \u2192 2N2(g) + O2(g) Zaman \t tepkimesi gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. tepkimesinin ara basamaklar\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131daki PE \u2013 zaman grafi\u011fi verilen \t Tepkime 2 ad\u0131ml\u0131 olup h\u0131zl\u0131 ad\u0131m 1. N2O(g) \u2192 N2(g) + O(g)(yava\u015f) tepkime ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \tN2O + H2 \u2192 N2 + H2O 2. N2O(g) + O(g) \u2192 N2 (g) + O2(g) (h\u0131zl\u0131) \t A)\t Tepkime 2 basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t \u015feklinde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \u015feklindedir. \t B)\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 tepkimenin 1. basama- \t I.\t Yava\u015f ad\u0131m Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin h\u0131z ifadesi, \t\tH2 + 2NO \u2192 N2O + H2O \u015feklindedir. \u011f\u0131 belirler. \t II.\t H2 ve NO\u2019nun harcanma h\u0131zlar\u0131 e\u015fittir. r = [ N2O] \t C)\t Tepkimenin ilk basama\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ileri aktif- \t III.\t Kap hacmi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131- \u015feklindedir. 1. basama\u011f\u0131n aktifle\u015f- le\u015fme enerjisi geri aktifle\u015fme enerjisin- kar\u0131l\u0131rsa tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 1 ine iner. me enerjisi, 2. basama\u011f\u0131nkinden den b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr: 8 daha y\u00fcksektir. \t D)\t Net tepkimenin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fiminin i\u015fa- reti pozitiftir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t E)\t H\u0131zl\u0131 basama\u011f\u0131n aktifle\u015fme enerjisi 80 kJ\u2019dir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 1.E 2.E 3.A 4.B 5.E \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 127 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","MEKAN\u0130ZMALI TEPK\u0130MELER Test \/ 4 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 6.\t Tepkime \t H\u0131z denklemi 9.\t Gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 2 ad\u0131ml\u0131 2X(g) + 3Y(g) \u2192 X2Y3 tepkimesi \t \u2022\t 2X + Y \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn\t k.[X].[Y] \t A + 2B \u2192 2C X(g) + 2Y(g) \u2192 XY2(g) yava\u015f \t \u2022\t 2X + Y \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn\t k.[X]2 \t tepkimesinde h\u0131zl\u0131 olan ad\u0131m XY2(g) + X(g) \u2192 2XY(g) \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 \t \u2022\t 2X + Y \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn\t k.[X] \t B + T \u2192 2C \u015feklindedir. 2XY(g) + Y(g) \u2192 X2Y3(g) h\u0131zl\u0131 \t \u2022\t 2X + Y \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn\t k.[X]2.[Y] \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t \u2022\t 2X + Y \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn\t k.[X]3\/2 \t I.\t 1. ad\u0131m yava\u015f ad\u0131md\u0131r. \t II.\t Tepkime h\u0131z denklemi \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerden ka\u00e7 tanesi \t \t TH = k.[A].[B] \u015feklindedir. kesinlikle mekanizmal\u0131 bir tepkimeye \t III.\t T ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Burada h\u0131z\u0131 belirleyen ad\u0131m yava\u015f aittir? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? ad\u0131md\u0131r. T. H\u0131z\u0131 = k . [X] . [Y]2 \u015feklinde olur. A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 Mekanizmal\u0131 tepkimelerde yava\u015f \t ad\u0131m\u0131n girenleri hari\u00e7 di\u011fer \u00f6ng\u00f6- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III r\u00fcler de\u011fi\u015fkendir. 7.\t \u0130lk basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinen iki \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Tepkimenin PE \u2013 Zaman grafi\u011fi, basamakl\u0131, PE \t\t2NO(g) + 2H2(g) \u2192 N2(g)+ 2H2O(g) 10.\t Gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in h\u0131z ifadesi \t 2X + 3Y \u2192 X2Y3 \t tepkimesinin basamaklar\u0131 \t r = k.[NO]2.[H2] \u015feklindededir. \t I.\t \t X + 2Y \u2192 XY2 yava\u015f \t \t II.\t XY2 + X \u2192 2XY \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 Zaman \t Buna g\u00f6re tepkimenin h\u0131zl\u0131 basama\u011f\u0131 \t III.\t 2XY + Y \u2192 X2Y3 h\u0131zl\u0131 \t \u015feklindedir. \u015feklinde 3 aktif kompleks \u00fczerin- \t I.\t N2O(g) + H2(g) \u2192 N2(g)+ H2O(g) den olu\u015fur. \t II.\t H2O2(g) + H2(g) \u2192 2H2O(s) \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t III.\t 2HNO(g) + H2(g) \u2192 N2(g) + 2H2O(s) \t I.\t Tepkime h\u0131z denklemi XY2 , XY ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. X2Y3 ana \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t \t TH = k.[X].[Y] \u015feklindedir. \t yukar\u0131dakilerden hangileri olabilir? \t II.\t XY, XY2 ve X2Y3 ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t III.\t Molek\u00fcterite 5, h\u0131z derecesi 3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Uyar\u0131: 8.\t\t\t\t \u2206H kJ \t Ea(kJ) \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) I ve III\u2001 C) II ve III Mekanizmal\u0131 tepkimelerde ak- \t 1. Ad\u0131m A + B \u2192 2C\t 20\t 120 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 tifle\u015fme enerjisi en y\u00fcksek olan basamak en yava\u015f basamakt\u0131r. \t 2. Ad\u0131m C + B \u2192 D\t \u201315\t 70 Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisin- deki de\u011fere bak\u0131larak tepkime \t gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir tepkimede 11.\t 2 basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir tepkimenin basamaklar\u0131n\u0131n hazlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda mekanizmalar, \u2206H ve Ea(aktifle\u015fme ener- her hangi bir yorum yap\u0131lamaz. jisi) veriliyor. basamaklar\u0131, \t 2A \u2192 B + C \t Buna g\u00f6re tepkime ile ilgili, \t A+B\u2192D \t \u015feklindedir. \t \u2022\t \u2206H = \u2013 5 kJ\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re tepkime ile ilgili; \t I.\t Net tepkime \t \u2022\t I. ad\u0131m\u0131n geri aktivasyon enerjisi 100 \t \t 3A + B \u2192 C + D \u015feklindedir. kJ\u2019dir. \t II.\t Reaksiyon kab\u0131n\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya indiri- \t \u2022\t II. ad\u0131m\u0131n geri aktivasyon enerjisi 100 lirse tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. kJ\u2019dir. \t III.\t Tepkime derecesi 2\u2019dir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olabilir? \t \u2022\t Toplu tepkime \t \t A + B + C \u2192 D \u015feklindedir. \t \u2022\t H\u0131z denklemi \t \t k.[A].[B] \u015feklindedir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7 tanesi do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 128 6.C 7.E 8.B 9.E 10.A 11.D","DENEYSEL HIZ Test \/ 5 1.\t 2X + 3Y + Z \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn tepkimesinde sabit 3.\tX(g) + 2Y(g) + Z(g) \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn Bir tepkimede h\u0131z daima girenle- rin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fildir. s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yap\u0131lan \t tepkimesinde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta X ve Y\u2019nin de- Ger\u00e7ek sonu\u00e7lar deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \t\t [X] [Y] [Z] H\u0131z ri\u015fimi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken Z\u2019nin deri\u015fimi sa- ile bulunur. \t I.\t 0,1\t 0,1\t 0,1\t 4.10\u20132 bit tutuldu\u011funda h\u0131z 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \t II.\t 0,1\t 0,2\t 0,1\t 16.10\u20132 Deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki reaktifin \t III.\t 0,4\t 0,2\t 0,2\t 32.10\u20132 \t Buna g\u00f6re, deri\u015fimindeki de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131 [ ]n \t IV.\t 0,2\t 0,2\t 0,2\t 32.10\u20132 \u00fcsl\u00fc h\u0131zdaki de\u011fi\u015fimi verir. \t deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriliyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t Tepkime mekanizmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t I.\t X yava\u015f ad\u0131mda kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. \t II.\t Tepkime mekanizmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t II.\t X ve Z\u2019nin deri\u015fimi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa Deneysel Y\u00f6ntem \t III.\t X kat\u0131 olabilir. \t IV.\t Reaksiyon derecesi 3\u2019t\u00fcr. h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fmeyebilir. Bir tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 baz\u0131 durumlar- \t V.\t X gaz olabilir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t III.\t Y ve Z\u2019nin deri\u015fimi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa da beklenildi\u011fi \u015fekilde olmayabilir. h\u0131z 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu durumda farkl\u0131 moleritelerde \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V tepkime tekrarlan\u0131r. Bir maddenin \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fse de h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fmiyor- sa bu madde, h\u0131z ifadesinde yer \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III almaz. Maddelerin h\u0131za etkisi, h\u0131z ifadesindeki kuvvetine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00d6rne\u011fin, X2 + 3Y2 + Z \u2192 T 4.\t 2X + Y \u2192 X2Y tepkimesi gaz faz\u0131nda ve X2(M) H\u0131z tek ad\u0131ml\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \t Bu tepkime i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta farkl\u0131 X ve 0,1 V Y deri\u015fimi i\u00e7in ortalama h\u0131z de\u011ferleri a\u015fa- 0,2 V \u011f\u0131da veriliyor. \t \u2006 [X] \u2006\u2006\u2006\u2006 [Y] Ortalama h\u0131z Y2(M) H\u0131z 0,1 V \t I.\t 0,1\t 0,4\t \u03d11 0,2 8V \t II.\t 0,2\t 0,1\t \u03d12 \t III.\t 0,4\t 0,2\t \u03d13 Z(M) H\u0131z \t Buna g\u00f6re, ortalama h\u0131zlar aras\u0131ndaki 0,1 V ili\u015fki hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru olarak ve- rilmi\u015ftir? \t A) \u03d11 = \u03d12 < \u03d13\t B) \u03d11 = \u03d12 > \u03d13 0,2 2V 2.\t2X(g) + 3Y(g) \u2192 2Z(g) tepkimesi i\u00e7in h\u0131z sa- \t C) \u03d13 > \u03d12 > \u03d11\t D) \u03d13 > \u03d11 > \u03d12 \u015eeklinde de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6zleniyor. 1 bitinin de\u011feri 5.10\u2013 3 M2.s olup tepkime Y \t E) \u03d12 > \u03d13 > \u03d11 Bu \u00f6rnek incelendi\u011finde, [X2\u200a]\u200a de\u011fi\u015fse de h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fmiyor. O ye g\u00f6re birinci derecedendir. halde h\u0131z ifadesinde X bulunmaz. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 5.\t A + B \u2192 C [Y2\u200a]\u200a 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131z 23 \t Deney [X] [Y] H\u0131z kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. O halde h\u0131z ifade- \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 deri\u015fimle- sinde [Y2]3 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. rinde elde edilen tepkime ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 h\u0131zlar\u0131 [Z] 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131z 21 ka- t\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. O halde h\u0131z ifadesin- \t I.\t 0,1 0,1 A tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. de [Z]1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t II.\t 0,2 B 4.10\u2013 5 \t Deney [A] [B] H\u0131z r = k [Y]3 . [Z] \t tablodaki A ve B de\u011ferleri i\u00e7in verilen bilgilerden hangisi do\u011frudur? \t I.\t 0,1 0,1 \u03d1 Bu t\u00fcr sorular \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrken daima h\u0131za etkisini arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z madde \t II.\t 0,3 0,1 9\u03d1 haricindeki maddelerin deri\u015fim- \t\t A \t B \t III.\t 0,2 0,2 8\u03d1 lerinin sabit tutulmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu \t A)\t 5.10\u20136\t 0,1 \t B)\t 5.10\u20136\t 0,2 \u015fekilde t\u00fcm maddelerin tepkime 0,1 \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin h\u0131z ifadesi a\u015fa- h\u0131z\u0131na etkisi bulunur. Daha sonra \t C)\t 5\t 0,2 0,2 \u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? da h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \t D)\t 5\t \t E)\t 5.10\u20135\t \t A) k.[A].[B]\u2001 B) k.[A]2\u2001 C) k.[A].[B]2 \t\u2001 D) k.[B]2\u2001 E) k.[A]2.[B]\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 1.C 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.E 129 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","DENEYSEL HIZ Test \/ 5 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 6.\t2NO(g) + 2H2(g) \u2192 N2(g) + 2H2O(g) 9.\t X ve Y gazlar\u0131n\u0131n reaktif oldu\u011fu 3. dere- \u200a\u200a\u200a [X] [Y] [H\u0131z] \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yap\u0131lan de- ceden h\u0131z ifadesine sahip tepkimenin sabit ney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta farkl\u0131 deri\u015fim de\u011ferlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 1. \u200a0\u200a ,1 0,1 \u2006\u03d1 tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \t Deney [NO] [H2] H\u0131z 2. 0,3 \u200a\u200a0,1 \u2006 9\u03d1 \t I.\t 0,1 0,1 2.102 \t Deney [X] \u200a\u200a[Y] \u200a\u200a\u200aH\u0131z \t II.\t 0,2 0,2 1,6.103 3. 0,2 0,2 \u2006 8\u03d1 \t III.\t 0,1 0,3 6.102 \t I.\t 0,1 0,1 \u03d1 \t IV.\t 0,3 0,4 C \t II.\t 0,3 0,1 9\u03d1 tepkimesinde h\u0131z\u0131 bulurken 1. ve 2. \t \u015feklindedir. \t III.\t K L 8\u03d1 deneyde X ve Y\u2019nin deri\u015fim de\u011fi- \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangi- \t \u015feklindedir. \u015fimi, \t Buna g\u00f6re, K ve L i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki de\u011fer- si yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 3\u200ax . 1\u200ay \u03b1 9 ili\u015fkisinden x = 2 \u00e7\u0131kar lerden hangisi uygun de\u011fildir? yani h\u0131z [X]2 ile 1. ve 3. deneyde, \t A)\t Tepkime derecesi 3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t B)\t C de\u011feri 7,2\u200a.103 \u2019t\u00fcr. 2x . 2y \u03b1 8 \t C)\t H\u0131z sabitinin de\u011feri k = 2.105 \u2019tir. \t D)\t H\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 k\u200a.\u200a[NO]2.[H2] \u015feklindedir. 2x . 2y \u03b1 23 den x + y = 3 olur. \t E)\t Tepkimede NO\u2019nun harcanma h\u0131z\u0131, H2 x \u2192 2 bulundu ise y = 1 olur. n\u0131n harcanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131d\u0131r. O halde tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 \t\t K \t L \t A)\t 0,2\t 0,2 T.H. = k.[X]2.[Y] olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t B)\t 0,1\t 0,8 \t C)\t 0,4\t 0,05 Deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan h\u0131z sabiti ve \t D)\t 0,05\t 3,2 birimi bulunurken herhangi bir de- \t E)\t 0,2\t 0,4 ney se\u00e7ilir. Mesela 1. deney olsun. T.H. = k.[X]2.[Y]\u2019den \u03d1 k = 0,12.0,1 = 103 \u03d1 1 k = M2\u2006s olur. 7.\tN2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) 10.\t 2X + 3Y \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcn tepkimesi i\u00e7in sabit s\u0131cak- \t tepkimesinin h\u0131z sabiti k = x. M-2.s\u20131 dir. l\u0131kta, \t Bu tepkime i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan, \t Deney [X] [Y] H\u0131z mol \/ L.s Soru: \t Deney [N2] [H2] H\u0131z I.\t 10\u20132 10\u20132 4.10\u2013\u200a4 \t I.\t 0,1 0,1 3.10\u20133 Z\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \t II.\t 3.10\u20132 2. 10\u20132 4,8.10\u20133 \t II.\t 0,1 0,3 2,7.10\u20132 Deney [X] [Y] olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 \t deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriliyor. \t III.\t 0,2 0,2 2,4.10\u20132 \t Buna g\u00f6re, x de\u011feri nedir? 1 0,1 \u200a\u200a\u200a0\u200a ,1 \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a1\u200a\u200a0\u20133 \t \t deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriliyor. \u200a2\u200a \u200a0\u200a ,3 \u200a\u200a0\u200a ,1 \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a 9.10\u20133 A) 400\u2001 B) 40\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 0,4\u2001 E) 4.10\u20132 \t \t Bu bilgilere g\u00f6re, k sabitinin de\u011feri ve aX + bY \u2192 Y tepkimesi i\u00e7in ve- birimi nedir? rilen deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u0131z \t A) 3 L3. mol \u20133.s\u20131 sabiti birimi L2.mol\u20132.s\u20131 oldu\u011fu biliniyor. \t B) 3.10\u20136 L3. mol \u20133.s\u20131 \t C) 3 L2. mol \u20132.s\u20131 Tepkime h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 nedir? 8.\t aX + bY + cZ \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcnler tepkimesi gaz fa- z\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \t D) 3.10\u20136 L2. mol \u20132.s\u20131 \t Bu tepkime i\u00e7in sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, \t E) 1 L2. mol \u20132.s\u20131 3 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t \u2022\t Kap hacmi yar\u0131ya indirirse h\u0131z 8 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. 1 ve 2 deneyde X 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar- \t 11.\t aX + bY + cZ \u2192 \u00fcr\u00fcnler tepkimesinin sabit ken h\u0131z 9 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u2022\t X ve Z sabitken Y deri\u015fimi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131ka- 3x\u03b19 dan tepkime X e g\u00f6re 2. de- \t r\u0131l\u0131rsa h\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fmiyor. s\u0131cakl\u0131kta deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, receden olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t\t Deney [X] [Y] Z H\u0131z \t \u2022\t Z\u2019nin deri\u015fimi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p sonra ha- \t I.\t 0,1 0,1 0,1 \u03d1 k sabiti biriminden tepkimesinin \t cim yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015ferse h\u0131z 16 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \t II.\t 0,2 0,2 0,2 8\u03d1 3. dereceden oldu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. \t \u015feklinde veriliyor. deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriliyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime derecesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r? Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime h\u0131z denklemi k.[X]2.[Y] olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ne- \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 dir? 6.E 7.A 8.B 9.E 10.C 11.C \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t A) k.[X].[Z]\u2001 B) k.[X]2.[Z]\u2001 C) k.[X]2.[Y] \t \u2001 D) k.[X].[Y]\u2001 E) k.[X].[Y].[Z]3\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 130","SICAKLIK ETK\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 6 1.\t \u2022\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 4.\t Tanecik miktar\u0131 H\u0131z\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler \t \u2022\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi II Bir tepkimenin h\u0131z ifadesine ba- \t \u2022\t Molek\u00fcllerin h\u0131z\u0131 I k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n tepki- \t \u2022\t Etkin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 medeki maddelerin \u00f6zelliklerine \t \u2022\t Taneciklerin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fen h\u0131z sabiti\u2006(k) \t bir tepkimede s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa yuka- ve tepkime h\u0131z\u0131na etki eden mad- delerin deri\u015fimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu r\u0131daki de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden ka\u00e7 tanesinin de- g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmez? Kinetik Tepkime H\u0131z\u0131 \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 enerjisi H\u0131z sabiti H\u0131z ifadesindeki deri\u015fim \t Endotermik bir tepkimede tanecik miktar\u0131 kinetik enerji grafi\u011fi I. \u015fekildedir. Yap\u0131lan Aktifle\u015fme enerjisi etki ile II \u015fekline gelmektedir. Kataliz\u00f6r Temas y\u00fczeyi \t Buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan bu etki sonucu S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t I.\t Entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimi \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t III.\t E\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 Bir maddenin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131l- \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri artar? mas\u0131 sonucu i\u00e7erdi\u011fi molek\u00fcllerin kinetik enerjileri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u0131z- lar\u0131 artar. Bunun sonucunda ak- 2.\t \u2022\t E\u015fik enerjisinin say\u0131sal de\u011feri \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III tifle\u015fme enerjisini ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 artaca\u011f\u0131ndan tepkime h\u0131z \t \u2022\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve enerjisi \t \u2022\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 sabiti, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u0131z artar. \t \u2022\t E\u015fik enerjisini ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 \t \u2022\t H\u0131z sabitinin say\u0131sal de\u011feri Madde miktar\u0131 \t bir kimyasal tepkimede s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 T3 yukar\u0131daki de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden ka\u00e7 tanesi- T1 T2 nin de\u011ferini artt\u0131r\u0131r? E\u015fik Kinetik \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 enerjisi enerjisi 3.\tN2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) 5.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u2192 2SO3(g) T3 > T2 > T1 \t tepkimesi 3. dereceden olup N2\u2019ye g\u00f6re 1. \t tepkimesi tek ad\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0131z sabitleri k3 > k2 > k1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r derecedendir. Tepkimenin T1 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \t Bu tepkime i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a h\u0131z sabiti h\u0131z sabiti 4. 103 , T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise 104 artar. t\u00fcr. Tepkime i\u00e7in, Deney [SO2] [O2] S\u0131cakl\u0131k I 0,2 0,1 10\u00b0C S\u0131cakl\u0131k tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 II 0,1 0,2 10\u00b0C III 0,2 0,1 20\u00b0C I. \u0007Ayn\u0131 anda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f- ma say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak \t bilgileri veriliyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re II. \u0007E\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak 2 de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekilde etkiler. Bu y\u00fczden s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki 10\u00b0C bir art\u0131\u015f bile h\u0131z\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karabilir. \t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 (\u03d1) \t H\u0131z sabitleri (k) S\u0131cakl\u0131k [N2] [H2] H\u0131z \t ili\u015fkisi hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? T1 0,3 0,1 \u03d11 T2 0,1 0,2 \u03d12 \t\t \u03d1 k \t A)\t III > I > II\t III < I = II \t bilgileri veriliyor. \t B)\t III > II > I\t III > I = II \t Buna g\u00f6re \u03d11 =? \t C)\t III > I > II\t III > I > II \u03d12 \t D)\t III > II > I\t III < I = II \t A) 0,3\u2001 B) 0,6\u2001 C) 1,2\u2001 D) 1,8\u2001 E) 2,4 \t E)\t III > I > II\t I = II < III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.E 131 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","SICAKLIK ETK\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 6 Aktifle\u015fme Enerjisi 6.\t Madde m\u0d88ktar\u0131 8.\t Tanec\u0d88k say\u0131s\u0131 Bir tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131, aktifle\u015fme enerjisi ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. T1T2T3 K\u0d88net\u0d88k Tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 enerj\u0d88 E2 E1 Kinetik \t T3 \t Grafik kimyasal bozunmaya u\u011frayan gaz enerji T2 \u00f6rne\u011finin tanecik miktar\u0131 \u2013 kinetik enerji \t T1 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na aittir. Ba\u011f kopmas\u0131 olmayan tepkime- \t ler ba\u011f kopmas\u0131 olan tepkimelere \t K\u0d88net\u0d88k \t Bu \u00f6rnek i\u00e7in gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T1\u2019den T3\u2019e g\u00f6re oda \u015fartlar\u0131nda genelde daha \t enerj\u0d88s\u0d88 getirilirse, h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. \t \u00dc\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fik s\u0131cakl\u0131kta olu\u015fan bir tepki- \t \u2022\t Gaz\u0131n ideali\u011fi Ba\u011f kopmas\u0131 olmayanlar, menin madde miktar\u0131 \u2013 kinetik enerji \t \u2022\t E\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 grafi\u011fine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden \t \u2022\t E\u015fik enerjisinin say\u0131sal de\u011feri \u200a\u200a1\u200a\u200a.\tAsit baz tepkimeleri hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t \u2022\t Ortalama kinetik enerji de\u011feri \t \u2022\t Molek\u00fcllerin h\u0131z\u0131 2.\tN\u00f6t\u00fcrle\u015fme A)\t Tepkime h\u0131z ili\u015fkisi 3 > 2 > 1\u2019dir. \t niceliklerinden ka\u00e7 tanesi artar? B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi T3 = T2 > T1\u2019dir. 3.\tYer de\u011fi\u015ftirme C)\t Tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 ili\u015fkisi 3 > 2 = 1 olabilir. \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 D)\t E\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 ili\u015fkisi\t \t 4.\tElektron aktar\u0131m\u0131na dayanan redoks tepkimeleri 3 > 2 > 1\u2019d\u0131r. E)\t Tepkime h\u0131z sabiti ili\u015fkisi 3 > 2 > 1\u2019dir. \u0130yonlar aras\u0131 (Ba\u011f kopmas\u0131 yok) tepkimeler kendi aras\u0131nda tepki- me h\u0131z\u0131 Z\u0131t Biri y\u00fckl\u00fc Ayn\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fcler biri n\u00f6tr y\u00fckl\u00fcler \u015feklinde s\u0131ralan\u0131r. Ba\u011f kopmas\u0131 olan tepkimeler, I. Kopacak ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a II. \u0007Ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015facak tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a h\u0131z azal\u0131r. 7.\t Tanec\u0d88k say\u0131s\u0131 Not: T2 9.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangisinde Aktifli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan metaller, T1 tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 ili\u015fkisi 2 > 1 olmas\u0131 bekle- aktifli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan metallerden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 tepkimeye girer. nir? Z\u0131t y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonlar aras\u0131 tepkimeler \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. e\u015f\u0d88k k\u0d88net\u0d88k \t\t 1. Tepkime \t 2. Tepkime Hidrokarbonlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131 ge- enerj\u0d88 enerj\u0d88 nellikle metallerin yanmas\u0131ndan \t A)\t Ba2+ + SO24\u2013 \u2192 BaSO4 daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. \t Bir kimyasal tepkimenin T1 ve T2 s\u0131cak- \t\t Ag+ + CI\u2013 \u2192 AgCI l\u0131klar\u0131nda tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 \u2013 kinetik enerji da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fine g\u00f6re s\u0131cakl\u0131k T2\u2019den \t B)\t Ag+ + CI\u2013 \u2192 AgCI(k) H+ + OH\u2013 \u2192 H2O T1\u2019e de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finde, \t\t \t I.\t H\u0131z sabitinin say\u0131sal de\u011feri \t C)\t S(k) + O2(g) \u2192 SO2(g) \t II.\t Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 \t\t S(k) + 3 O2(g) \u2192 SO3(g) \t III.\t E\u015fik enerjisini ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 2 \t niceliklerinden hangileri azal\u0131r? \t D)\t C(g) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) \t\t C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t E)\t Zn + 2H+ \u2192 Zn+2 + H2(g) \t \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ \t\t Fe+3 + Cu+1 \u2192 Fe+2 + Cu+2 132 6.E 7.E 8.D 9.B","KATAL\u0130Z\u00d6R ETK\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 7 1.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimenin basamaklar\u0131 3.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimede kataliz\u00f6r kulla- Kataliz\u00f6r \t\t\t \u2206H(kJ) n\u0131l\u0131rsa, Bir tepkimenin aktifle\u015fme enerji- \t I.\t E\u015fik enerjisi sini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art- \t 2X + Y \u2192 2Z 30 \t II.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi t\u0131ran maddelere kataliz\u00f6r denir. \t Z + K \u2192 X + L \u2013 20 Kataliz\u00f6r; \t \u015feklinde verilmektedir. \t III.\t Tepkime h\u0131z derecesi \u2022\t Tepkimeyi ba\u015flatmaz. \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu tepkime i\u00e7in verilen bil- \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri azalabilir? \u2022\t Tepkime \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. gilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u2022\t Basamakl\u0131 tepkimelerde yava\u015f \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III basama\u011fa etki eder. \t A)\t X, kataliz\u00f6rdur. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t Tepkime entalpisini de\u011fi\u015ftir- \t B)\t Tepkime entalpisi +10 kJ\u2019dir. mez. \t C)\t Tepkime mekanizmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t D)\t Toplu tepkime, \u2022\t Tepkimenin izledi\u011fi yolu de\u011fi\u015f- \t \t Y + 2K \u2192 2L \u015feklindedir. tirir. \t E)\t Z, ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u2022\t Basamak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. \u2022\t Ara \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin (madde) yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir. \u2022\t Reaktiflerle ayn\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 fazda olabilir. \u2022\t Enzimler, biyolojik kataliz\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u2022\t Tepkimenin Ea de\u011ferini artt\u0131- rarak reaksiyonu yava\u015flatan 4.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimede kataliz\u00f6r kulla- negatif kataliz\u00f6rlere inhibit\u00f6r n\u0131m\u0131 tepkimenin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki niceliklerin- denir. den hangisini etkilemez? Potansiyel enerji(kJ) \t A)\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleks t\u00fcr\u00fc ve enerjisi Kataliz\u00f6rs\u00fcz \t B)\t Aktivasyon enerjisi Kataliz\u00f6rl\u00fc \t C)\t Reaktif deri\u015fiminin artmas\u0131 \t D)\t E\u015fik enerjisini ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 Zaman \t E)\t Tepkime h\u0131z sabitinin de\u011feri 2.\t Potans\u0d88yel enerj\u0d88 (kJ) 60 \u2022\t k sabiti artar . 10 \u2022\t Mekanizma ve aktif kompleks Zaman t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fir. \u2022\t Tepkimenin y\u00f6n\u00fc, verimi, \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. \u2022\t E\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 artar. \t Yukar\u0131da potansiyel enerji diyagram\u0131 verilen tepkimede kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa ileri ve geri aktivasyon enerjileri (s\u0131ra- s\u0131yla Eai , Eag) Eai (kJ) Eag (kJ) 5.\t Gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir tepkimede I. 40 10 II. 130 80 di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fkenler sabitken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- III. 100 50 den hangisi reaksiyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaz? \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri olabilir? \t A)\t Katalizor kullan\u0131m\u0131 \t B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t C)\t Reaktif deri\u015fiminin artmas\u0131 \t D)\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalmas\u0131 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t Deri\u015fim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 1.B 2.D 3.E 4.C 5.D 133 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","KATAL\u0130Z\u00d6R ETK\u0130S\u0130 Test \/ 7 PE PE 6.\t Potans\u0d88yel enerj\u0d88 (kJ) 8.\t Madde m\u0d88ktar\u0131 Zaman Zaman 90 X 70 Y Kataliz\u00f6rl\u00fc tepkime T2 PE Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 Z T1 20 K\u0d88net\u0d88k Enerj\u0d88 Zaman \t Bir kimyasal tepkimede reaksiyona gi- Zaman Kataliz\u00f6r \t PE \u2013 zaman grafi\u011fi \u015fekildeki gibi olan ren taneciklerin kinetik enerji da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m Madde miktar\u0131 miktar\u0131 \t bir tepkime i\u00e7in kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa, grafi\u011fine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? PE (kJ) PE (kJ) \t A)\t X + Z = Y + Z\u2019dir. KE 90 90 \t B)\t T2 > T1\u2019dir. Katali- Katali- 70 70 \t C)\t T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 daha z\u00f6rl\u00fc z\u00f6rs\u00fcz 20 10 fazlad\u0131r. e\u015fik e\u015fik I Zaman II Zaman \t D)\t Kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa Y alan\u0131 artarken X enerjisi enerjisi alan\u0131 azal\u0131r. PE (kJ) \t E)\t T2 deki tepkime h\u0131z sabiti T1 deki h\u0131z Soru: 90 sabitinden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Mekanizmas\u0131 \u2206H(kJ) \t 60 \t 20 2X(g) + A(g) \u2192 2Z + D \u201340 \t Zaman Z(g) + B(g) \u2192 L + X +30 \t III grafiklerinden hangileri do\u011fru olabilir? \u015feklinde verilen tepkimede, A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III I. Toplu tepkime nedir? \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 II. Kataliz\u00f6r ve ara \u00fcr\u00fcn nedir? III. \u2206H nedir? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 7.\t Ozon tabakas\u0131nda O3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alan- 9.\t HCOOH \u2192 CO + H2O \u2206H > 0 Toplu tepkime, mas\u0131na ait tepkimenin mekanizmas\u0131, \t tepkimesi oda \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r. Or- tama bir ka\u00e7 damla H+ iyonu ilavesi tepki- \t\t \u2206H(kJ) \t\tO3 + NO \u2192 O2 + NO2 meyi, \t\tNO2 + O \u2192 O2 + NO 2X + A \u2192 2Z + D \u2013 40 \t \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilir. \t I.\t HCOOH + H+ \u2192 HCOOH2+ \t II.\t HCOOH2+ \u2192 HCO+ + H2O 2Z + 2B \u2192 2L + 2X + 60 \t Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in, \t III.\t HCO+ \u2192 CO + H+ \t I.\t NO2 ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t basamaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. A + 2B \u2192 D + 2L \u2206H = +20 \t II.\t NO kataliz\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi olur. Kataliz\u00f6r X, ara \u00fcr\u00fcn Z\u2019dir. \t III.\t Toplu tepkime yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u2206H = +20 dir. \t\tO3 + O \u2192 2O2 \u015feklindedir. \t A)\t H+ kataliz\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t B)\t HCOOH2+ , HCO+ ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t C)\t Kataliz\u00f6r I. ad\u0131mda etkili olmu\u015ftur. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t D)\t Tepkime bozunma tepkimesidir. \t \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t Her \u00fc\u00e7 ad\u0131m da ekzotermik olabilir. K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 134 6.A 7.E 8.D 9.E","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 8 1.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir tepkimenin mekanizmas\u0131 veril- 3.\t Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 tepki- mi\u015ftir. menin potansiyel enerji (PE) \u2013 tepkime ko- Soru: \t 1. basamak: \t2XO(g) + Y2(g) \u2192 X2O(g) + Y2O(g) (yava\u015f) ordinat (TK) grafikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. A2 ile B2 aras\u0131nda gaz faz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tepkime mekaniz- \t 2. basamak: \t PE (kJ) PE (kJ) mas\u0131, \t Y2(g) + X2O(g) \u2192 X2(g) + Y2O(g) (h\u0131zl\u0131) 55 45 A2 + 1 \u200aB\u200a 2 \u2192 A2B (Yava\u015f) \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki 2 ifadelerden hangisinin do\u011frulu\u011fu kesin de\u011fildir? 15 25 A2B + 1 \u200aB\u200a 2 \u2192 2AB (H\u0131zl\u0131) 55 2 \t A)\t X2O(g) maddesi ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. TK \t B)\t 1. basama\u011f\u0131n aktifle\u015fme enerjisi 2. ba- I. TK \u015feklindedir. PE (kJ) II. Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifadelerden sama\u011fa g\u00f6re daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. 80 \t C)\t Tepkime derecesi 3\u2019t\u00fcr. hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t D)\t Tepkime molek\u00fclaritesi 4\u2019t\u00fcr. 40 \t E)\t 1. basama\u011f\u0131n aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksinin A)\tA2B ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B)\tTepkimenin h\u0131z sabiti birimi enerjisi 2. basama\u011f\u0131nkinden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. 20 \t L . 1 dir. III. TK mol s \t C)\tNet tepkime, \t Buna g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi \t A2(g) + B2(g) \u2192 2AB yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t \u015feklindedir. \t A)\t Tepkime \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 (\u2206H) aras\u0131nda,\t D)\tII. basama\u011f\u0131n aktifle\u015fme ener- III > I > II ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. jisi I. basamaktan daha k\u00fc- \t B)\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleks enerjileri aras\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. III > I > II ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. E)\tTepkimenin molek\u00fclaritesi 2\u2019dir. \t C)\t Tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda,\t \t \t II > I > III ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. 2.\tX2(g) + Y2(g) \u2192 2XY(g) \t D)\t Reaktiflerin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131 aras\u0131nda,\t \t \t tepkimesinin potansiyel enerji- zaman gra- II > III > I ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: fi\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t E)\t Geri aktifle\u015fme enerjileri aras\u0131nda,\t \t Tepkimede A2B ilk basamakta \t I > II > III ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. olu\u015fup di\u011ferinde harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Tepkimesinin h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015f basama- 58 4.\t Tek basamakl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u011fa g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131r. 0 r= k.[A2] .[B2]\u00bd X2+Y2 \t xA(g) + yB(g) + zC(g) \u2192 D(g) + 2E(g) ifadesinde birimler yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u2013\t66 \t tepkimesi ile ilgili sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki M = k.M.M\u00bd deneyler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. s 2XY \t I.\t Tepkime kab\u0131n\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya indirilin- k = 1 dir. (B yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) ce tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 16 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. s\u2006.\u2006M1\/2 \t Zaman \t II.\t A\u2019n\u0131n deri\u015fimi sabit tutulup B ve C\u2019nin A2 + 1 B2 \u2192 A2B \t Buna g\u00f6re; 2 \t I.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi reaktif deri\u015fimi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 8 1 ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden fazlad\u0131r. kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. A2B + 2 B2 \u2192 2AB \t II.\t Tepkimenin geri y\u00f6ndeki aktifle\u015fme \t III.\t C\u2019nin deri\u015fimi sabit tutulup A ve B\u2019nin A2 + B2 \u2192 2AB\u2019dir. C do\u011frudur. enerjisi Eag = \u20138 kJ\u2019dir. deri\u015fimi 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131nca tepkimenin II. basamak I. basamaktan daha \t III.\t XY birle\u015fi\u011finin molar olu\u015fuma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u201333 h\u0131z\u0131 27 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in II. basama\u011f\u0131n kJ\u2019dir. \t IV.\t Tepkime sabit hacimli yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapta \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 aktifle\u015fme enerjisi I. basamaktan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin hangisinde do\u011fru veril- daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken s\u0131cakl\u0131k artar. Tepkimenin molek\u00fclaritesi net \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? mi\u015ftir? tepkimedeki girenlerin katsay\u0131 \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I , II ve IV \t A)\t r = k [A] [B] [C] toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Yani 2\u2019dir. \t B)\t r = k [A]2 [B] [C] Cevap: B \t \u2001 D) I, III ve IV\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t C)\t r = k [A] [B]2 [C] 1.E 2.D 3.E 4.C \t D)\t r = k [A] [B] [C]2 \t E)\t r = k [A]2 [B]2 [C] \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 135 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 8 Soru: 5.\t2H2O2(g) \u2192 2H2O(g) + O2(g) 7.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayn\u0131 miktarlarda \u00e7inko kat\u0131lar\u0131 C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) \u2192 \t tepkimesinde elde edilen O2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri- farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullardaki HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine b\u0131rak\u0131l- \u015fim zaman grafi\u011fi 1 deki gibidir. m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) \t [O2] (mol \/ L) [O2] (mol \/ L) \t 13 g 13 g 13 g toz \u00e7inko par\u00e7a \u00e7inko levha \u00e7inko tepkimesi 2L\u2019lik kapta ger\u00e7ekle- \u015firken C3H8\u2019in ortalama harcan- 55 mol ma h\u0131z\u0131 2.10\u20134 L.dk d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, 10 dakikada ka\u00e7 gram XYZ CO2 olu\u015fur? (CO2 = 44 g\/mol) Zaman 6 Zaman 10 (dak) (dak) 0,9 M HCI 0,5 M HCI 0,5 M HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t1 2 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Grafi\u011fin birinci durumdan ikinci duru- ma de\u011fi\u015fmesi i\u00e7in; CO2\u2019nin olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131, \t 1 L, 30 \u00baC 1 L, 30 \u00baC 1 L, 20 \u00baC \t I.\t Sabit hacim ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta H2O2 deri\u015fi- \t Kaplarda, THCO2 minin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 THC3H8 = 3 den \t Zn(k) + 2HCI(suda) \u2192 ZnCI2(suda) + H2(g) \t II.\t Sabit hacim ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kataliz\u00f6r ek- \u200a\u200aT\u200a\u200a HCO2 = 2.10-4.3 = 6.10-4 t\u00fcr. lenmesi \t tepkimesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \u200a\u200a6\u200a .10-4 = m \t III.\t Sabit hacimde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi \t Buna g\u00f6re X,Y ve Z kaplar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek- 44.2.10 le\u015fen tepkimeler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na uy- den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (Zn:65) \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200am\u200a = 6.44.2.10.10\u22124 gulanabilir? \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a=\u200a 0,528 gram olur. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A)\t Kaplarda ilk gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 X kab\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc- l\u00fcr. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t B)\t Gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en son g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kap Z Soru: 6.\t2N2O(g) + 3O2(g) \u2192 4NO2(g) \u2206H = \u201388 kJ kab\u0131d\u0131r. I.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k \t tepkimesinin standart ko\u015fullarda potansi- \t C)\t Y ve Z kaplar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan H2 gaz\u0131- yel enerji \u2013 zaman grafi\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da veril- n\u0131n normal ko\u015fullardaki hacmi ayn\u0131d\u0131r. II.\tDeri\u015fim mi\u015ftir. Potans\u0d88yel enerj\u0d88 (kJ) \t D)\t X kab\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n mik- III.\tKataliz\u00f6r tar\u0131 Y ve Z kaplar\u0131ndakine g\u00f6re daha 64 fazlad\u0131r. Yukar\u0131dakilerden hangileri tepki- menin h\u0131z sabitini de\u011fi\u015ftirir? 28 \t E)\t \u00dc\u00e7 tepkimede h\u0131z sabitleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. A) Yaln\u0131z I\t a B) Yaln\u0131z II \t C) I ve III\t D) II ve III E) I, II ve III Zaman \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Buna g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi 8.\t Bir kimyasal tepkimede e\u015fik enerjisini yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (NO2:46) Tepkimenin h\u0131z sabitini s\u0131cakl\u0131k, \t ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131, kat\u0131 maddelerin temas y\u00fczeyi ve \t A)\t Tepkimede 18,4 g NO2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011fun- \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015ftirir. da 8,8 kJ enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. \t II.\t Madde miktar\u0131 Cevap: C B)\t a = \u2013 60\u2019t\u0131r. \t III.\t Deri\u015fim de\u011fi\u015fimi (madde miktar\u0131 sabit) \t C)\t Tepkimenin ileri y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki aktifle\u015fme enerjisi Eai = 36 kJ\u2019dir. \t de\u011ferlerinden hangilerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r? \t D)\t NO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n molar olu\u015fma \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u2013 11 kJ\u2019dir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t E)\t Geri aktifle\u015fme enerjisi Eag = 124 kJ\u2019dir. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 136 5.E 6.D 7.D 8.D","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 9 1.\t Kapal\u0131 sabit hacimli bir kapta tek ad\u0131m- 4.\t C(k) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) Soru: da olu\u015fan, \t C(g) + O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) Tek ad\u0131mda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \t tepkimeleri i\u00e7in, \t A(g) + 2B(g) \u2192 AB2(g) \t \u2022\t \u2206H X(g) + 2Y(g) \u2192 2Z(g) \t \u2022\t \u0130leri aktivasyon enerjisi Tepkimesi i\u00e7in sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ya- \t tepkimesinde, \t \u2022\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f kompleksin enerjisi p\u0131lan deneylerde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sonu\u00e7- lar elde edilmi\u015ftir: \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve hacimde ortama A ila- vesi \t \u2022\t Geri aktivasyon enerjisi (X) (Y) H\u0131z (mol\/L.s) \t \u2022\t Reaktiflerin potansiyel enerjisi 0,1 0,1 V \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \t niceliklerinden ka\u00e7 tanesi farkl\u0131d\u0131r? 0,2 K 18V \t III.\t Reaksiyon kab\u0131n\u0131n hacmini sabit s\u0131- \u015feklindedir. cakl\u0131kta azaltmak \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 Buna g\u00f6re, K de\u011feri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri e\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en ta- den hangisidir? necik say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmadan h\u0131z\u0131n artma- s\u0131na neden olur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 C) I ve II A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,2\u2001 C) 0,3 \u2001 D) 0,4\u2001 E) 0,5\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 5.\t Tek ad\u0131mda olu\u015fan \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 2.\t2X(g) + Y(g) \u2192 2Z(g) + Q \t A(g) + B(g) \u2192 Y(g) tepkimesi, Tek basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tep- \t\t [A] I Kataliz\u00f6r kimelerin h\u0131z ifadesi do\u011frudan \t tepkimesinde \t I.\t 0,1 10 \u00b0C yok yaz\u0131labilir. \t A \u2013 X in fiziksel hali s\u0131v\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \t II.\t 0,1 20 \u00b0C yok \t B \u2013 Z nin fiziksel hali kat\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu tepkime i\u00e7in h\u0131z ifadesi, r:k.[X].[Y]2 \t Bu etki ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015feklindedir. \t\t\t A B \t III.\t 0,3 20 \u00b0C var Her iki tepkime i\u00e7in h\u0131z sabiti \t IV.\t 0,3 20 \u00b0C yok ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re X miktar\u0131n\u0131n \t I.\t Q \u2006azal\u0131r\t artar \t belirtilen ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \t II.\t Aktifle\u015fmi\u015f \u200ade\u011fi\u015fmez de\u011fi\u015fmez \t \t kompleksin \t Deneylerdeki h\u0131z sabitlerinin k\u0131yaslan\u0131\u015f\u0131 Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 18 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na \t \t enerjisi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin hangisinde do\u011fru olarak g\u00f6re Y de meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131 9 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131- \t III.\t \u0130leri aktivasyon \u2006artar\t de\u011fi\u015fmez verilmi\u015ftir? d\u0131r. H\u0131z Y deri\u015fimine g\u00f6re 2. de- \t \u200aenerjisi \t A) III > II = IV > I\t rece oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re Y deri\u015fiminin B) III > I > II = III 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 (0,1.3) sonucuna \t verilen bilgilerden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t C) III > IV > II > I\t D) III > I > IV > I var\u0131labilir. K = 0.3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t E) III > IV > I > II Cevap: C \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 3.\t 2A(g) + B(g) \u2192 C(g) tepkimesinde 6.\t Bir tepkimede, \t25 \u00b0C\u2019de h\u0131z sabiti k = 104 L dir. \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckselmesi mol.s \t II.\t Kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \t III.\t Ortama reaktif eklenerek deri\u015fiminin \t Buna g\u00f6re, art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \t I. Tepkime mekanizmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t niceliklerinden hangilerinde e\u015fi\u011fi ge- \t II. 50 \u00b0C h\u0131z sabiti 104 den b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 artar? \t III. Reaksiyon kab\u0131n\u0131n hacmi 1 oran\u0131na 3 indirilirse tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 9 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t niceliklerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 1.A 2.E 3.E 4.C 5.A 6.E 137 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 9 7.\t Kapal\u0131 sabit hacimli bir kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 10.\t Soru: tepkimede yap\u0131lan etki ile Is\u0131ca yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ideal pistonlu bir \t \u2022\t Etkin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 1,2 mol X 0,4 mol X kapta tek basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t \u2022\t E\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7en tanecik say\u0131s\u0131 1,5 mol Y 0,8 mol Y \t art\u0131yor. 2X2(g) + Y2(g) \u2192 2X2Y(g) + \u0131s\u0131 tepkimesi ile ilgili, \t Bu etki, 3L 2L \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 10 \u00b0C 20 \u00b0C I.\tTepkime esnas\u0131nda h\u0131z sabiti- \t II.\t Kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 nin say\u0131sal de\u011feri artar. \t III.\t Madde miktar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \t Tek ad\u0131mda olu\u015fan \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri olabilir? II.\tSabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tepkime kab\u0131- \t2X(g) + Y(g) \u2192 Z(g) + \u0131s\u0131 n\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya indirildi\u011finde \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 8 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t tepkimesi olu\u015fuyor. Tepkimenin 10\u00b0C\u2019de ki h\u0131z\u0131 4.10\u20133 iken 20\u00b0C deki h\u0131z\u0131 1,6.10\u20133 III.\tKaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta He gaz\u0131 olarak veriliyor. ilave edilirse tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 aza- l\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 10\u00b0C deki h\u0131z sabitinin (k1) 20\u00b0C\u2019deki h\u0131z sabitine oran\u0131 (k2) nedir? yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 A)\t Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 8.\t I.\t CH4(g) + 2O2(g) \u2192 CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 4 B)\t Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 24 C)\t I ve III \t II.\t Ba2+ + SO42\u2212 \u2192 BaSO4(k) D)\t II ve III\u2001 E)\t I, II ve III \t III.\t Zn(k) + 2H+ \u2192 Zn+2 + H2(g) 11.\t2X(g) + 2Y(g) \u2192 2Z(g) \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerle ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \t tepkimesi 2 ad\u0131ml\u0131 olup h\u0131zl\u0131 ad\u0131m bilgilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t K + Y \u2192 2Z\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t A)\t Beklenen tepkime h\u0131z ili\u015fkisi II > III > I yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Is\u0131ca yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \t dir. tepkime endotermikse kaptaki s\u0131- \t A)\t Yava\u015f ad\u0131m I. ad\u0131md\u0131r. cakl\u0131k zamanla azal\u0131rken ekzoter- B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 her \u00fc\u00e7 tepkimenin de h\u0131- \t B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 tepkime h\u0131z sabitini artt\u0131r\u0131r. mikse kaptaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k artar. z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r. \t C)\t K ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t D)\t Tepkime h\u0131z denklemi Soruda verilen tepkime ekzoter- \t C)\t II ve III tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 elektrik iletken- \t \t TH = k.[X].[Y]\u2019dir. mik oldu\u011fundan tepkime esna- \t li\u011findeki azalma ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. \t E)\t Tepkime derecesi 3\u2019t\u00fcr. s\u0131nda kaptaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k artacakt\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak tepkime h\u0131z D)\t III tepkimede Zn toz haline gelirse tep- sabiti artar. kime h\u0131z\u0131 artar. Tepkime tek basamakl\u0131 oldu\u011fun- \t E)\t I tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve hacimde dan tepkime h\u0131z ifadesi, bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. r:k.[X]2.[Y] 12.\t2NO(g) + 2H2(g) \u2192 N2(g) + 2H2O(g) \u015feklindedir. \t tepkimesi iki basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bu nedenle tepkimenin mertebesi \t Tepkimenin h\u0131zl\u0131 basama\u011f\u0131, 3 d\u00fcr. 9.\t V V Tepkime kab\u0131n\u0131n hacmi yar\u0131ya in- \tH2O2(g) + H2(g) \u2192 2H2O(g) di\u011finde deri\u015fimler 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. T 2 mol X2 T 1 mol X2 \t \u015feklindedir. 4 mol Y2 a mol Y2 Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 da bunun sonucunda \t Buna g\u00f6re; 23 yani 8 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Pistonlu bir kaba herhangi bir gaz \t I.\t Tepkimenin h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131,\t \t \t ilave edildi\u011finde kap hacmi arta- r = k[NO]2 [H2] dir. ca\u011f\u0131ndan kapta bulunan gazlar\u0131n I II deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tepki- \t Yukar\u0131daki kaplarda X2 gaz\u0131 ve Y2 gaz\u0131 tek \t II.\t Tepkimede 2 farkl\u0131 aktifle\u015fmi\u015f komp- me h\u0131z\u0131 azal\u0131r. leks olu\u015fur. Cevap: E ad\u0131ml\u0131 tepkimede XY2 gaz\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak- \t III.\t Tepkimenin derecesi 3, molek\u00fcleritesi tad\u0131r. 4\u2019t\u00fcr. \t Buna g\u00f6re, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta I. kaptaki tep- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? kime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n II. kaptaki tepkime h\u0131z\u0131na oran\u0131 1\/2 ise, a de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 5 \t A) 2\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 8\u2001 D) 10\u2001 E) 12 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ 138 7.E 8.E 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.E","\u00dcN\u0130TE 5 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE HIZ","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: asit-baz \u00e7ifti, asitlik\/bazl\u0131k sabiti, s\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurar. Br\u00f6nsted-Lowry asidi\/baz\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6kelme tepkimesi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, denge sabiti, e\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131, indikat\u00f6r, kimya- \t Asitlerin\/bazlar\u0131n iyonla\u015fma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n denge sa- sal denge, kuvvetli asit\/baz, Le Chatelier \u0130lkesi, oto-iyonizas- bitleriyle ili\u015fkilendirilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. yon, pH\/pOH, tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti, titrasyon, zay\u0131f asit\/baz \t Kuvvetli ve zay\u0131f monoprotik asit\/baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin \u25ba\t KIMYASAL DENGE pH de\u011ferlerini hesaplar. \t Fiziksel ve kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fimlerde dengeyi a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Maksimum d\u00fczensizlik ve minimum enerji e\u011fi- \t a.\t \u00c7ok deri\u015fik ve \u00e7ok seyreltik asit\/baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri- nin pH de\u011ferlerine girilmez. limleri \u00fczerinden denge a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t b.\t \u0130leri ve geri tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden denge \t b.\t Zay\u0131f asitler\/bazlar i\u00e7in [H+] = (Ka.Ca)1\/2 ve [OH-] = (Kb.Cb)1\/2 e\u015fitlikleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r. a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t c.\t Tersinir reaksiyonlar i\u00e7in deri\u015fim ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 cin- \t c.\t Poliprotik asitlere girilmez. sinden denge ifadeleri t\u00fcretilerek hesaplamalar \t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin \u00f6zellikleri ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirir. \t \u00e7.\t Farkl\u0131 denge sabitleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki incelenir \t a.\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin pH de\u011ferlerinin seyrelme \u25ba\t DENGEYI ETKILEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER ve asit\/baz ilavesi ile fazla de\u011fi\u015fmemesi ortam- \t Dengeyi etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri a\u00e7\u0131klar. daki dengeler \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Henderson \t a.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, deri\u015fimin, hacmin, k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc ve tampon kapasitesine girilmez. ve toplam bas\u0131nc\u0131n dengeye etkisi denge ifade- \t b.\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin canl\u0131 organizmalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n- si \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. dan \u00f6nemine de\u011finilir. \t b.\t Le Chatelier \u0130lkesi \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinden irdelenir. \t c.\t Kataliz\u00f6r-denge ili\u015fkisi vurgulan\u0131r. \t Tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin asitlik\/bazl\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerini a\u00e7\u0131klar. \u25ba\t SULU \u00c7\u00d6ZELTI DENGELERI \t a.\t Asidik, bazik ve n\u00f6tr tuz kavramlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t pH ve pOH kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 suyun oto-iyonizasyonu \t b.\t Anyonu zay\u0131f baz olan tuzlara \u00f6rnekler verilir. \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t c.\t Katyonu NH4+ veya anyonu HSO4\u2013 olan tuzla- \t Br\u00f6nsted-Lowry asitlerini\/bazlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131- r\u0131n asitli\u011fi \u00fczerinde durulur. cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, deri\u015fimin, hacmin, k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n ve toplam bas\u0131nc\u0131n dengeye etkisi denge ifadesi \u00fcze- \t \u00e7.\t Hidroliz hesaplamalar\u0131na girilmez. rinden a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t Katyonlar\u0131n asitli\u011fini ve anyonlar\u0131n bazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 su ile \t Kuvvetli asit\/baz deri\u015fimlerini titrasyon y\u00f6ntemiyle etkile\u015fimleri temelinde a\u00e7\u0131klar. belirler. \t a.\t Kuvvetli\/zay\u0131f asitler ve bazlar tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r; konjuge \t a.\t Titrasyon deneyi yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n grafik asit-baz \u00e7iftlerine \u00f6rnekler verilir. \u00fczerinden g\u00f6sterilerek yorumlanmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t b.\t Asit gibi davranan katyonlar\u0131n ve baz gibi dav- \t b.\t Titrasyonla ilgili hesaplama \u00f6rnekleri verilir. ranan anyonlar\u0131n su ile etkile\u015fimleri \u00fczerinde durulur. \t c.\t \u00d6\u011frencilerin titrasyon y\u00f6ntemine y\u00f6nelik he- \t Asitlik\/bazl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc ile ayr\u0131\u015fma denge sabitleri ara- saplamalar\u0131 elektronik tablolama program\u0131 yar- d\u0131m\u0131yla kurgulamalar\u0131, de\u011ferleri de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemeleri ve yorumlamalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t Sulu ortamlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme-\u00e7\u00f6kelme dengelerini a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme-\u00e7\u00f6kelme denge \u00f6rneklerine yer veri- lir; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (K\u00e7\u00e7) ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (s) kavramlar\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirilir. \t b.\t Tuzlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne etki eden fakt\u00f6rlerden, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ortak iyon etkisi \u00fczerinde durulur. \t c.\t Ortak iyon etkisi hesaplamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.","DENGE KAVRAMI - DENGE BA\u011cINTISI YAZMA - KC HESAPLAMA - 1 Test \/ 1 1.\t Denge tepkimeleri ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- 4.\t Sabit hacimli bir kapta sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta e\u015fit Fiziksel ve Kimyasal De\u011fi\u015fimlerde den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? mol say\u0131da H2 ve Cl2 gazlar\u0131 konularak, Denge \t A)\t Tersinir tepkimelerdir. \t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) Birbirlerine etki eden maddeler \t B)\t Kapal\u0131 kaplarda kurulur. kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki t\u00fcr tepkime \t C)\t Denge an\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn ve reaktiflerin deri- \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re dengeye ula\u015f\u0131yor. g\u00f6zlenir. Bu tepkimelerden birinci- \u015fimleri birbirine her zaman e\u015fittir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, sinde, giren maddelerden herhangi \t D)\t Denge an\u0131nda ileri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z- biri t\u00fckenince tepkime sonlan\u0131r. lar birbirine daima e\u015fittir. [HCI] mol\/L Deri\u015fim mol\/L Bu t\u00fcr tepkimelere tersinmez (tek \t E)\t Denge esnas\u0131nda d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan herhangi y\u00f6nl\u00fc) tepkimeler denir, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6zlenemez. ok i\u015fareti (\u2192) ile g\u00f6sterilir. H2, CI2 \u0130kinci t\u00fcr tepkimelerde, girenler tamamen t\u00fckenmez. Ortamda Zaman(s) Zaman(s) \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle birlikte tepkimeye giren I II t\u00fcrlerin hepsinden bulunur. B\u00f6yle tepkimelere tersinir (\u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc) H\u0131z tepkimeler denir. Tersinir tepki- meler \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc ok i\u015fareti (\u0192) ile g\u00f6sterilir. ileri Kimyasal tepkimelerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu geri tersinirdir. Ancak az say\u0131da 2.\t Zaman(s) kimyasal tepkime tek y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. H O2 (buhar) \t III Tersinir tepkimeler ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta H2O(s) yaln\u0131zca \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcr. \t \u015eekildeki sistemde 25\u00b0C de; \t verilen grafiklerden hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00dcr\u00fcnler olu\u015ftuk\u00e7a geri y\u00f6nde de bir \t Is\u0131 + H2O(s) \u0192 H2O(buhar) tepkime ba\u015flar ve yeniden tep- \t dengesi kuruluyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re verilen denge olay\u0131 ile ilgili kenler olu\u015fur. \u0130lk anlarda bu geri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131 az olmakla birlik- \t A)\t Buharla\u015fma ve yo\u011funla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 birbi- te \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin deri\u015fimi artt\u0131k\u00e7a geri rine e\u015fittir. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 tepkimenin de h\u0131z\u0131 artar. Bir s\u00fcre \t B)\t Fiziksel bir denge kurulmu\u015ftur. sonra ileri ve geri tepkimelerin \t C)\t Buharla\u015fma ve yo\u011funla\u015fma olaylar\u0131 h\u0131zlar\u0131 e\u015fit h\u00e2le gelir. \u0130\u015fte bu anda devam etmektedir. \t D)\t Sistemin zamanla bas\u0131nc\u0131 artar. kimyasal denge kurulur. \t E)\t Minimum enerjiye e\u011filim girenler y\u00f6- 5.\t I.\t N2O(g) \u0192 N2(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) Kimyasal denge dinamik bir s\u00fc- n\u00fcndedir. 2 re\u00e7tir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tepkenlerden \u00fcr\u00fcn- lerin olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 ile \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden \t II.\t C(k) + H2O(g) \u0192 CO(g) + H2(g) tepkenlerin olu\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 birbirine \t III.\t CaCO3(k) \u0192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) e\u015fit olarak devam eder. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle denge tepkimesinde ileri \t Verilen tepkimelerden hangileri homo- ve geri tepkimeler devam etti\u011fin- den \u00fcr\u00fcn ve tepken miktarlar\u0131nda jen denge tepkimesidir? bir de\u011fi\u015fme olmaz. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Fiziksel Denge Maddelerin i\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeden belirli \u015fartlarda kurulan dengeye 6.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2SO3(g) \u2206H<0 fiziksel denge denir. H\u00e2l de\u011fi\u015fim- lerindeki dengeler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \t tepkimesi kapal\u0131 kapta, sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dengeleri fiziksel dengelerdir. Do\u011fadaki olaylar\u0131n kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in sistemlerin d\u00fc- \t Tepkime ile ilgili; zensizliklerini artt\u0131rken enerjilerini 3.\t Denge tepkimeleri i\u00e7in, \t I.\t Maksimum d\u00fczensizlik ve minimum azaltacak y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fra- enerji e\u011filimleri birbirine z\u0131t y\u00f6ndedir. malar\u0131 gerekir. \t I.\t Tam verimli ger\u00e7ekle\u015firler. Bu iki fakt\u00f6r z\u0131t y\u00f6nde ise denge \t II.\t Denge kuruldu\u011funda olaylar durur. kurulur. \u00d6rne\u011fin kapal\u0131 bir kap- \t III.\t Is\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hepsi endotermiktir. \t II.\t Homojen bir denge tepkimesidir. ta belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su buhar \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t III.\t Maksimum d\u00fczensizlik girenler y\u00f6n\u00fc- dengesi kurulur. Denge an\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 faz\u0131 terk eden Hd2\u00f6On(esn) molek\u00fclleri nedir. ile s\u0131v\u0131 faza geri H2O(g) mo- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? lek\u00fclleri say\u0131s\u0131 e\u015fit miktardad\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.C 2.D 3.E 4.D 5.A 6.E 141 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","DENGE KAVRAMI - DENGE BA\u011cINTISI YAZMA - KC HESAPLAMA - 1 Test \/ 1 H2O(s) H2O(g) 7.\t Maksimum d\u00fczensizlik ile minimum 10.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki denge tepkimelerinden han- Buhar H2O Buhar H2O enerji e\u011filimi z\u0131t y\u00f6nde olan bir denge gisinin deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge ba- olay\u0131 i\u00e7in; \u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? S\u0131v\u0131 H2O S\u0131v\u0131 H2O S\u0131v\u0131 H2O \t I.\t Ekzotermik ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t Denge tepkimesi Denge Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \t II.\t \u0130leri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z birbirine e\u015fittir. 7 HI A2 Kapal\u0131 Kaplardaki Su ve Buhar\u0131 \t III.\t Kimyasal bir denge tepkimesidir. \t A)\t H2(g) + I2(g) \u0192 2HI(g) Kc = 7H2A7I2A Aras\u0131ndaki Fiziksel Denge Olu\u015fumu \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- Kimyasal Denge rudur? \t B)\t Ag+(suda) + Fe\u200a2(s+uda) \u0192 Ag(k) + Fe\u200a3(s+uda) 7 Fe3+ A Denge durumu sadece fiziksel \t \t \t \u200aKc = 7Ag+A7Fe2+A olaylarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Kimya- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II sal olaylarda da denge kurulabilir. \u0130leri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki tepkime h\u0131z- \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 lar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011fu ve deri\u015fimlerin \t C)\t NH4HS(k) \u0192 NH3(g) + H2S(g) sabit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda kurulan denge- 1 ye kimyasal denge denir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \t \t \t\t \t \u200aKc = 7NH3A8H2 SB kapal\u0131 bir kaba konulan N2 ve H2 \t D)\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) gazlar\u0131n\u0131n tepkimesiyle NH3 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fur. Olu\u015fan NH3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131s- \t\t Kc = 7 NH3 A2 m\u0131 tekrar N2 ve H2 gazlar\u0131na ay- 7 N2 A7 H2 A3 r\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tepkimenin ileri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z\u0131 ile geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z\u0131 e\u015fitlendi\u011finde kimyasal denge kurulur. Bu den- 8.\t Deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kc) genin tepkime denklemi, \t E)\t CO(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 CH4(g) + H2O(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) ile ilgili; \u015feklinde yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \t I.\t Ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131da kat\u0131lar ve s\u0131v\u0131lar yaz\u0131lmaz. 8CH4B8H2 OB \t\t\t\t\t Kc = 7COA7H2A3 Tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 \t II.\t ki oran\u0131yla hesaplanabilir. N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u2192 2NH3(g) kg \t III.\t De\u011feri her zaman 1\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. 11.\t Deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, Denge \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 8 CS2 B7 H2 A4 \t\t Kc = H2 S 2 CH4 2NH2(g) \u2192 N2(g) + 3H2(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III 8 B 8 B \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Zaman \t \t \u015feklinde olan bir kimyasal tepkimenin denklemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi ile \u0130leri ve geri tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 e\u015fit g\u00f6sterilir? oldu\u011funda denge kurulur. \t A)\t CS2(k) + 4H2(g) \u0192 2H2(g) + CH4(g) Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \t B)\t 2H2S(k) + CH4(g) \u0192 CS2(g) + 4H2(s) \t C)\t 2H2S(g) + CH4(g) \u0192 CS2(g) + 4H2(g) [H2] 9.\t I.\t CH3OH(g) \u0192 CO(g) + 2H2(g) \t D)\t CS2(g) + 4H2(g) \u0192 2H2(g) + CH4(g) [NH3] \t E)\t 2H2S(k) + CH4(s) \u0192 CS2(k) + 4H2(g) [N2] \tKc = [\u200aCO\u200a]\u2006[\u200aH2\u200a]2 [\u200aCH3OH\u200a] 12.\t Denge tepkimeleri ile ilgili; tdenge Zaman \t II.\t N2O4(g) \u0192 2NO2(g) Kc = [\u200aNO2\u200a] \t I.\t \u0130leri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabiti her zaman geri Denge tepkimesinde deri\u015fimlerin [N2O4\u200a] y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabitine e\u015fittir. zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimi yukar\u0131daki gibi olabilir. Maddelerden herhangi biri \t III.\t CaCO3(k) \u0192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) \t II.\t Kc ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131nda, maddenin gaz hali ile nin bitmemesi kayd\u0131yla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sudaki iyon ve molek\u00fcller yaz\u0131l\u0131r. denge deri\u015fimi girenlere e\u015fit, fazla \t \u200a\u200aKc = [CO2] ya da az olabilir. \t Verilen denge tepkimelerinden hangile- \t III.\t Kc ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131rken, gaz halindeki bir maddenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki say\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131da NOT: rinin denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 do\u011fru yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? deri\u015fime \u00fcs olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Denge tepkimeleri tam verimli \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? tepkimeler de\u011fildir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 142 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.A","DENGE KAVRAMI - DENGE BA\u011cINTISI YAZMA - KC HESAPLAMA - 2 Test \/ 2 1.\t CO2(g) + H2(g) \u0192 CO(g) + H2O(g) Kc= 1,4 4.\t 2 litrelik sabit hacimli kaba 3 mol NO2 gaz\u0131 Kimyasal tepkimelerde denge an\u0131nda, konularak; \t tepkimesinin ileri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabiti (ki) \u2022\t \u0130leri ve geri tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 e\u015fit- 0,35 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sa- biti (kg) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t 2NO2(g) \u0192 2NO(g) + O2(g) lenir. \u2022\t Deri\u015fimler; bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gibi \t sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tepkimesine g\u00f6re dengeye ko\u015fullar de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece sa- \t A) 0,02\u2001 B) 0,25\u2001 C) 2 ula\u015f\u0131yor. bit kal\u0131r. \t Sistem dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta 4 \u2022\t G\u00f6zlenebilen olaylar sabit kal\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 8\u2001 mol gaz bulundu\u011funa g\u00f6re tepkimenin \u2022\t G\u00f6zlenemeyen olaylar devam denge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? eder. \u2022\t Minimum enerji e\u011filimi ile \t A) 2\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 maksimum d\u00fczensizlik e\u011filimi 2 4 8 uzla\u015f\u0131r. \u2022\t Denge, tepkime mekanizmas\u0131- na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan dinamik bir olayd\u0131r. Kimyasal tepkimelerde yer alan maddelerin ayn\u0131 ya da farkl\u0131 faz- larda olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re denge homo- jen veya heterojen olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Homojen Denge 2.\t t\u00b0C\u2019de 4 litrelik sabit hacimli kapta ger\u00e7ek- Tepkimeye giren maddelerle \u00fcr\u00fcn- lerin ayn\u0131 fazda bulundu\u011fu denge le\u015fen, tepkimeleridir. \t 2NO(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2NO2(g) 5.\t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) Kc = 16 Heterojen Denge \t tepkimesi dengede iken NO, O2 ve NO2 Tepkimeye giren maddeler ile gazlar\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 2, 4 ve 8 dir. \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re 2 litrelik bir kapta 2\u2019\u015fer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden en az birinin farkl\u0131 fi- \t Buna g\u00f6re, t\u00b0C\u2019de tepkimenin deri\u015fim- mol H2 ve Cl2 gazlar\u0131 konularak dengeye ziksel h\u00e2lde bulundu\u011fu tepkime- ler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? ula\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor. lerde kurulan denge heterojen \t A) 2\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 8\u2001 D) 16\u2001 E) 64 dengedir. \t Denge an\u0131nda kaptaki HCl gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri- \u015fimi ka\u00e7 mol\/L dir? Denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131rken, \t A) 4 \u2001 B) 3 \u2001 C) 2 \u2001 D) 4 \u2001 E) 3 \u2022\t Deri\u015fimler cinsinden denge ba- 3 2 3 7 8 \u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 (Kc); \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin denge deri\u015fimleri \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, girenlerin denge deri\u015fimleri \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131na ora- n\u0131d\u0131r. \u2022\t Denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na gaz veya \u00e7\u00f6zelti h\u00e2lde olan maddelerin deri\u015fimleri al\u0131n\u0131r. \u2022\t Saf kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131lar, sabit s\u0131cak- l\u0131kta miktarlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim deri\u015fimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na yaz\u0131lmaz. \u2022\t Denge tepkimesinde yer alan maddelerin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndaki molar deri\u015fimle- re \u00fcs olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r. 3.\t t\u00b0C de 2 litrelik sabit hacimli kapta 8 mol HI \u2022\t Denge sabiti sadece s\u0131cakl\u0131kla gaz\u0131 konularak ba\u015flat\u0131lan 6.\t 1 litrelik kapta 2 mol CO2, 4 mol CO ve 1 de\u011fi\u015fir. mol O2 gazlar\u0131; \t 2HI(g) \u0192 H2(g) + I2(g) \t 2CO2(g) \u0192 2CO(g) + O2(g) \u2022\t Denge sabitinin birimi her tep- kime i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re dengeye ula\u015f\u0131yor. denge sabitinin birimi yerine \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re dengededir. say\u0131sal de\u011feri al\u0131n\u0131r. \t Denge an\u0131nda kapta 2 mol H2(g) bulun- \t Denge tepkimesinin geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z \u2022\t Mekanizmal\u0131 tepkimelerde den- du\u011funa g\u00f6re tepkimenin deri\u015fimler t\u00fc- ge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 toplu tepkimeye r\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? sabiti (kg) 0,5 ise ileri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabiti g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131r. (ki) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? 1 1 1 1 \t A) 2 \u2001 B) 4 \u2001 C) 8 \u2001 D) 9 \u2001 E) 3 \t A) 0,25\u2001 B) 0,5\u2001 C) 1\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 3 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 143 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","DENGE KAVRAMI - DENGE BA\u011cINTISI YAZMA - KC HESAPLAMA - 2 Test \/ 2 aA(g)+bB(g) \u0192 cC(g)+dD(g) 7.\t CH3OH(g) \u0192 CO(g) + 2H2(g) 10.\t t \u00b0C\u2019de 2 litrelik kapta, \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re t\u00b0C\u2019de 3 litrelik bir kapta \t N2O4(g) \u0192 2NO2(g) gibi genel bir denge tepkimesinin \t 4 mol CH3OH gaz\u0131n\u0131n % 75\u2019i ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \t tepkimesi dengedeyken kapta 4 mol denge an\u0131ndaki ileri ve geri h\u0131z sistem dengeye ula\u015f\u0131yor. N2O4(g) ve 1 mol NO2(g) bulunuyor. ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Buna g\u00f6re tepkimenin deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcn- den denge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t Bu denge tepkimesi i\u00e7in; rileri = kileri\u200a.\u200a[A]a\u200a.\u200a[B]b \t I.\t ki oran\u0131 kg rgeri = kgeri\u200a.\u200a[C]c.\u200a[\u200a D]d \t A) 24\u2001 B) 12\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 2 \u015feklinde olur. \t II.\t Tepkimenin % verimi Bu h\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fitlenerek, \t III.\t Kaptaki toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 kileri ve kgeri e\u015fitli\u011fin bir taraf\u0131nda toplan\u0131r ve deri\u015fim de\u011ferleri di\u011fer \t niceliklerinden hangileri bulunabilir? tarafa al\u0131n\u0131rsa, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II rileri= rgeri kileri=[A]a.[B]b=kgeri.[C]c.[D]d \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 kileri = [C]c.[D]d kgeri [A]a.[B]b ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 elde edilir. Denge durumundaki bir tepki- menin, 8.\t CO(NH3)2(k) + H2O(s) \u0192 CO2(g) + 2NH3(g) 11.\t X + Y \u0192 Z kileri oran\u0131na tepkime denge \t denge tepkimesine g\u00f6re, 2 litrelik kapta \t tepkimesinin denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 kgeri 4 mol CO(NH3)2(k) ve 6 mol H2O(s) ile ba\u015f- 7ZA layan tepkime dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta sabiti denir ve Kc ile g\u00f6sterilir. 2 mol CO2(g) bulunuyor. \t Kc = 7XA oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, [C]c.[D]d Kc= kileri Kc= [A]a.[B]b \t Buna g\u00f6re tepkimenin deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcn- \t I.\t Kc = 1\u2019dir. kgeri den denge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t II.\t Dengede [X] = [Z]\u2019dir. \t III.\t Heterojen denge tepkimesidir. = [\u00dcr\u00fcnler] \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- [Girenler] rudur? \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 8\u2001 E) 16 \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III CaCO3(k) \u0192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) Kc = [CO2] \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 N2O4(g) \u0192 2NO2(g) Kc = [NO2]2 [N2O4] 12.\t C2H2(g) + 3H2(g) 1 \u0192 2CH4(g) Kc = 4 2SO3(g) \u0192 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \t tepkimesi 1 litrelik kapta 1 mol CH4, 2 mol H2 ve bir miktar C2H2 gaz\u0131 ile dengededir. Kc = [SO2]2[O2] 9.\t H2S(g) + I2(g) \u0192 2HI(g) + S(k) Kc = 4 [SO3]2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re 2 litrelik kaba 0,6 mol H2S(g) + I2(g) \u0192 2HI(g) + S(k) H2S(g) ve bir miktar I2(g) konuluyor. \t I.\t Dengede 0,5 mol C2H2 gaz\u0131 bulunur. [HI]2 \t Sistem dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta 0,4 \t II.\t Homojen denge tepkimesidir. Kc = [H2S][I2] mol HI(g) olu\u015ftu\u011funa g\u00f6re ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta- ki I2(g)\u2019nin mol say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t III.\t H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n mol kesri 4 \u2019dir. 7 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) 0,03\u2001 B) 0,15\u2001 C) 0,3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u2001 D) 0,45\u2001 E) 0,6\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 144 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.E","HESS YASASI - KISM\u0130 BASIN\u00c7LAR T\u00dcR\u00dcNDEN DENGE SAB\u0130T\u0130 (Kp) Test \/ 3 1.\t Dengede Hess yasas\u0131 i\u00e7in, 4.\t N2(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) \u0192 N2O \t Kc = 1 K\u0131smi Bas\u0131n\u00e7lar T\u00fcr\u00fcnden 2 8 Denge Sabiti \t I.\t Denge tepkimesi ters \u00e7evrilirse Kc de- \u011feri 1 olur. \t N2O4(g) \u0192 2NO2(g) \t \tKc = 2 Gazlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen tepkime- Kc lerde, gazlar\u0131n deri\u015fimleri yerine \t 1 \u200aN2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 NO2(g)\tKc = 1 k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 al\u0131narak denge \t II.\t Denge tepkimesi n gibi bir say\u0131 ile \u00e7ar- 2 4 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131labilir. K\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7- p\u0131l\u0131rsa Kc de\u011feri Kcn olur. \t verilen denge tepkimelerine g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 lar t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u201cKp\u201d \t III.\t 2 veya daha fazla denge tepkimesi ile g\u00f6sterilir. toplan\u0131rsa, tepkimelerin Kc de\u011ferleri s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, birbiri ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r. Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kapal\u0131 bir kapta \t 2N2O(g) + 3O2(g) \u0192 2N2O4(g) \t verilenlerden hangileri do\u011frudur? ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t tepkimesinin deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden den- aA(g) + bB(g) \u0192 cC(g) + dD(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II ge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? tepkimesinin k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar cin- sinden denge sabiti \u201cKp\u201d ile ifade edilir. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 2 K\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar cinsinden denge 16 8 4 2 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ise, Kp = PCc PDd PAa PBb \u015feklinde ifade edilir. 5.\t 3Fe(k) + 4H2O(g) \u0192 Fe3O4(k)+4H2(g)+150 kJ Kc ile Kp Denge Sabitleri Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki \t tepkimesinin t \u00b0C\u2019de denge sabiti (Kc) 2\u2019dir. Kapal\u0131 bir kapta, sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t Buna g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, aA(g) + bB(g) \u0192 cC(g) 2.\t N2(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) \u0192 N2O\t Kc = 4 2 \t 2Fe3O4(k) + 8H2(g) \u0192 6Fe(k) + 8H2O(g) tepkimesinde k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 PA, \t N2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2NO(g)\tKc = 2 \t tepkimesinin t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de \u2206H ve Kc de\u011feri PB ve PC olarak g\u00f6sterip, A, B, C gazlar\u0131n\u0131n ideal davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ka- \t Yukar\u0131daki denge tepkimelerine g\u00f6re ka\u00e7t\u0131r? bul edersek, A gaz\u0131 i\u00e7in; ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \t\t \u2206H(kJ) \t Kc PA.V = nA.R.T \u00b4 PA = nA .R.T 1 \t A) +300\t V \t N2O(g) + 2 \u200aO2(g) \u0192 2NO(g) \t B) \u2013150\t \t C) \t +150\t 1 2 deri\u015fim \t D) \t \u2013300\t \u00b4 PA = [A].R.T dir. \t tepkimesinin Kc de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t E) +300\t Di\u011fer gazlar i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \t A) 2\u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 1 \u2001 E) 1 \u00f12 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; 2 4 8 16 1 \u00f12 PCc 1 Kp = PAa\u200a.\u200aP\u200a Bb 4 ([C]RT)c 1 = ([A]RT)a ([B]RT)b 4 [C]c .\u2006[RT]c = [A]a.\u200a[\u200a\u200a B]b\u2006.\u2006(RT)a+b Kc 3.\t 2NO(g) \u0192 N2(g) + O2(g)\tKc = 64 Kp = Kc.(RT)c\u2013(a + b) \t NO(g) + 1 \u200aBr2(g) \u0192 NOBr(g)\t Kc = 2 6.\t PCl5(g) \u0192 PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Kp = Kc\u200a.\u200a\u200a(\u200a RT)\u2206n 2 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 elde edilir. \t verilen denge tepkimelerine g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 \t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 3 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapan PCl5 (\u2206n = \u00dcr\u00fcn gazlar\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 \u2013 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, gaz\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve sistem Giren gazlar\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131) \t 1 \u200aN2(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) + 1 \u200aBr2(g) \u0192 NOBr(g) dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kaptaki toplam ba- \u2206n = c \u2013 (a + b) 2 2 2 s\u0131n\u00e7 5 atm oluyor. (R: 0,082 L.atm.mol\u20131\u2006.\u2006K\u20131, \t \t tepkimelerinin Kc de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar T: Mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k (K)) t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kp) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 116\u2001 E) 1 \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 8\u2001 E) 16 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 2 4 8 32 145 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 1.E 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.E 6.C","HESS YASASI - KISM\u0130 BASIN\u00c7LAR T\u00dcR\u00dcNDEN DENGE SAB\u0130T\u0130 (Kp) Test \/ 3 Denge Sabiti (Kc) ile Tepkime 7.\t SO2(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) \u0192 SO3(g) Kc = 2 10.\t Bir miktar X kat\u0131s\u0131 ile 2P atm bas\u0131nc\u0131 ya- Denklemi \u0130li\u015fkisi 2 pan Y gaz\u0131, Dengedeki sistemlerde, tepkime \t ise ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, denklemlerinin y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi \t \t X(k) + Y(g) \u0192 2Z(g)\t Kp = 8 ya da tepkimedeki katsay\u0131lar\u0131n I.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2SO3(g) \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re dengeye ula\u015f\u0131yor. de\u011fi\u015fmesi, denge sabitinin say\u0131sal \t \t Denge an\u0131nda kaptaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 3P de\u011ferini de de\u011fi\u015ftirir. II.\t SO3(g) \u0192 SO2(g) + 1 \u200aO2(g) 2 atm ile dengede Z gaz\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm\u2019dir? Bir denge tepkimesinin z\u0131t y\u00f6n- \t III.\t 2SO3(g) \u0192 2SO2(g) + O2(g) deki tepkimesine ait denge sabiti \t tepkimelerinin Kc de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- \t A) 2\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 8\u2001 E) 10 K\u00e7ac2rp,milaeryiayg\u00f6\u00f6nrdeetkeirsdiennegee\u015fistatbiri.tinin lerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t Kc2 = 1 \t I \t \u200a II \t III Kc1 Bir denge tepkimesinin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 \t A) \t 4\t \u00f12\t 1 \u200a n say\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131rsa bu tepkime- 2 tnniiinnneddeee\u015fnnitggeeolsusaar.bbiittiin(iKnc2()Kicl1k\u200a)\u200a \u2006nte.pkkuivmvee-- \t B) \t 1 \u200a\t 1 \u200a\t 1 \u200a Kc2 = Kcn1 \t 4 2 4 Mekanizmal\u0131 denge tepkimelerinde, \t C) \t \u00f12\t 4\t 1 \u200a \t 2 net tepkimenin denge sabiti ara \t basamaklar\u0131n denge sabitlerinin D) \t 4\t 1 \u200a\t 1 \u200a \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131na e\u015fittir. 2 4 KcT= Kc1 . Kc2. Kc3 \u2026 Kcn E) \t 1 \u200a\t \u00f12\t 4 2 Soru: 11.\t I.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2SO3(g) t \u00b0C\u2019de \t II.\t 2HI(g) \u0192 H2(g) + I2(g) \t III.\t C(k) + CO2(g) \u0192 2CO(g) \t Verilen tepkimelerden hangilerinde \t Kp = Kc ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r? 8.\t 2SO3(g) \u0192 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) Kc\u200a=\u200a\u200a \u200a4 \t tepkimesinin 0 \u00b0C de k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar t\u00fc- tepkimesi dengededir. r\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kp) 1,12\u2019dir. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 NH3(g) \u0192 1 N2(g) + 3 H2(g) \t Buna g\u00f6re, deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge 2 2 \t sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? tepkimesinin ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Kc A) 0,05\u2001 B) 0,5\u2001 C) 5\u2001 D) 10\u2001 E) 100 de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Tepkime ters \u00e7evrilip 1 ile \u00e7ar- p\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 2 Kc = 4 de\u011feri 1 olur. 4 Tepkime 1 ile \u00e7arp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, 9.\t Bir miktar A kat\u0131s\u0131 sabit hacimli bir kapta, 12.\t 2A(g) \u0192 2B(g) + C(g) 2 \t3A(k) \u0192 B(g) + 2C(g) \t tepkimesi 1 litrelik kapta 6 mol A gaz\u0131 ile Kc = 1 1 \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sistem dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 4 kapta 2 mol C gaz\u0131 bulunurken kaptaki 4 olur. toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 4 atm\u2019dir. Kc = 1 = 1 olur. \t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dengeye ula\u015fan sistem- \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkimenin k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar 4 2 de toplam gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 6 atm ise k\u0131smi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kp) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? bas\u0131n\u00e7lar t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kp) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t A) 32\u2001 B) 16\u2001 C) 8\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 2 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t A) 4\u2001 B) 8\u2001 C) 16\u2001 D) 32\u2001 E) 64 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.D K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 146","DENGEYE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER (Deri\u015fimin Etkisi) Test \/ 4 1.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve hacimde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, 4.\t 2SO2(g) \u200a+ O2(g) \u0192 2SO3(g) Dengeye Etki Eden Fakt\u00f6rler \t NH3(g) + H2S(g) \u0192 NH4HS(k) \t tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta ve sabit s\u0131- Dengenin; deri\u015fim, bas\u0131n\u00e7, hacim ya da s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi ile hangi \t tepkimesi dengededir. Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k- cakl\u0131kta dengededir. y\u00f6ne kayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in ta bir miktar H2S(g) ilave ediliyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, genel bir kural vard\u0131r. Bu kural \t Buna g\u00f6re sistem tekrar dengeye ula- \u015f\u0131ncaya kadar, \t I.\t Kaba bir miktar SO3 eklenmesi ad\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131z kimyac\u0131 Henri Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019den (Henri L\u00f6 \u015eat\u00f6lye) \t I.\t Denge \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne ilerler. \t II.\t Kaba O2(g) eklenmesi al\u0131r ve Le Ch\u00e2telier \u0130lkesi olarak \t II.\t Kaptaki kat\u0131 k\u00fctlesi artar. \t III.\t Kaba SO2(g) eklenmesi bilinir. \t III.\t NH3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri SO3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n de- \t olaylar\u0131ndan hangileri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir? ri\u015fimini ba\u015flang\u0131ca k\u0131yasla art\u0131r\u0131r? Le Ch\u00e2telier \u0130lkesi Dengedeki bir sisteme d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bir etki uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sistemin, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 bu etkiyi kar\u015f\u0131layacak y\u00f6ne tepki C) I ve III vererek yeniden dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ifade eder. Burada \u201cetki\u201d kelimesi sistemi den- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ge h\u00e2linden uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran deri\u015fim, bas\u0131n\u00e7, hacim ya da s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki de\u011fi\u015fimdir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin dengeye etkisini incelemek i\u00e7in Le Ch\u00e2telier \u0130lkesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Le Ch\u00e2telier \u0130lkesi hem kimyasal hem de fiziksel den- 5.\t C(k) + CO2(g) \u0192 2CO(g) ge i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. 2.\t 2NaHCO3(k) \u0192 Na2CO3(k) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) \t tepkimesi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve hacimde den- \t tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta dengededir. gededir. Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar 1. Deri\u015fimin Etkisi \t Sisteme ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, \t I.\t CO2(g) eklenmesi CO2(g) ekleniyor. Kapal\u0131 bir kapta bulunan denge- \t II.\t Bir miktar H2O(g) \u00e7ekilmesi \t Buna g\u00f6re, deki bir sisteme, girenler veya \t III.\t Na2CO3(k) eklemek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdeki maddelerden biri ek- \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na uy- \t I.\t Kc de\u011feri artar. lenir ya da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa sistem uy- guland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda denge bozulur? \t II.\t C(k) deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. gulanan i\u015flemi azaltacak y\u00f6nde tepki verir. Belli bir s\u00fcre sonra \t III.\t CO(g) deri\u015fimi zamanlar artar. sistem yeniden dengeye ula\u015f\u0131r. \t yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Deri\u015fimin de\u011fi\u015fmesi h\u0131z sabiti- nin say\u0131sal de\u011ferini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III bu nedenle denge sabitinin say\u0131sal de\u011feri de de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131nda yer almayan bir maddenin sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ek- lenmesi ya da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hacim sabit ise dengeyi etkilemez. Ba- s\u0131n\u00e7 sabitse ve tepkime kab\u0131 hac- mi de\u011fi\u015febilen bir kapsa denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131nda yer almayan madde eklenmesi dengeyi etkiler. 3.\t PCl5(g) \u0192 PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) 6.\tA(k) + B(g) \u0192 C(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) \t dengesinin bulundu\u011fu sabit hacimli \t tepkimesi t \u00b0C\u2019de sabit hacimli kapta den- denge tepkimesine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k- kaba, sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar Cl2(g) gededir. ta NH3(g) eklenirse; eklenirse, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki denge konu- muna g\u00f6re, \t t \u00b0C\u2019de kaba bir miktar B(g) ilave ediliyor. \t I.\t Kaptaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re artar. \t Buna g\u00f6re, [[HN22]] \t I.\t Toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t II.\t Kc de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t III.\t Kurulan yeni dengede PCl3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n \t II.\t Kc de\u011feri [NH3] \t III.\t A kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 mol say\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re azal\u0131r. \t niceliklerinden hangileri ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re t1 t2 Zaman \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015f olur? artar? grafi\u011fine g\u00f6re deri\u015fimler de\u011fi\u015fir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.C 3.B 4.E 5.D 6.A 147 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","DENGEYE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER (Deri\u015fimin Etkisi) Test \/ 4 [N2] 7.\t Ag2CO3(k) \u0192 AgO(k) + CO2(g) 9.\t 2NO2(g) \u0192 N2O4(g) [H2] \t tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta t \u00b0C\u2019de den- \t tepkimesi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dengededir. gededir. \t Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) t1 t2 [NH3] \t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaba bir miktar CO2(g) N2O4 a. NO2(g) Zaman eklenirse, I eklemek H2(g) \u00e7ekilmesi grafi\u011fi \t I.\t Kaptaki kat\u0131 k\u00fctlesi artar. NO2 zaman \t II.\t Kc de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \t III.\t CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi \t Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) NOT: \t Zaman \t N2O4 b. N2O4(g) \t \t grafikteki gibi olur. eklemek Denge tepkimesinde, denge ba- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? II \u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na yaz\u0131lan bir t\u00fcr madde NO2 zaman varsa o maddenin deri\u015fimi de- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finde sistem yeniden Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) dengeye gelmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Di\u011fer \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 denge tepkimelerinden fark- N2O4 c. Bir miktar l\u0131 olarak o maddenin deri\u015fimi III NO2 \u00e7ekmek ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 deri\u015fimine ula\u015f\u0131r. NO2 \t zaman \t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler ile de- ri\u015fim zaman grafiklerinin e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ve- rilmi\u015ftir? CaCO3(k) \u0192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) 8.\t Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \t\t I \t II \t III H2 \t A)\t \u200aa\t b\t c tepkimesi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta denge- \t B)\t \u200ab\t a\t c deyken tepkime kab\u0131na bir miktar CI2 \t C)\t \u200ac\t b\t a CO2 gaz\u0131 eklenirse, HCI \t D)\t \u200ab\t c\t a \u2022\t Denge girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. \t E)\t \u200ac\t a\t b t1 \u2022\t Denge sabiti Kc de\u011fi\u015fmez. t2 Zaman \u2022\t CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n denge deri\u015fimi de- \u011fi\u015fmez. \u2022\t CaO kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r, deri\u015fimi de\u011fi\u015fmez. \u2022\t CaCO3 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 ar- tar, deri\u015fimi de\u011fi\u015fmez. Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \t H2(g) + CI2(g) \u0192 2HCI(g) 10.\t A(g) + 2B(k) \u0192 AB2(g) CO2 \t Tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta ve sabit s\u0131- \t tepkimesi 1 L\u2019lik kapta dengedeyken 4 mol CaO,CaCO3 cakl\u0131kta dengededir. Sisteme t1 an\u0131nda ya- AB2 ile 2\u2019\u015fer mol A(g) ve B(k) bulunmakta- p\u0131lan bir i\u015flem sonucunda sistem tekrar t2 d\u0131r. an\u0131nda dengeye ula\u015f\u0131yor. \t Kaptan sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 1 mol AB2(g) \u00e7e- \t Buna g\u00f6re, kildi\u011finde kurulan yeni dengede ka\u00e7 mol A(g) bulunur? \t I.\t Denge \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. t1 t2 Zaman \t II.\t Kc de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t III.\t \u0130leri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A) 5 \u2001 B) 5 \u2001 C) 3 \u2001 D) 2 \u2001 E) 1 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 148 3 9 8 9 9 7.D 8.E 9.B 10.A","DENGEYE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER (Denge Kesri ve S\u0131cakl\u0131 \u0131n Etkisi) Test \/ 5 1.\t PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 PCl5(g) Kc = 4 4.\tX(g) + Y(g) \u0192 Z(g) + T(g) Kc = 4 Deneyi Kontrol (Denge Kesri) \t t \u00b0C\u2019de 2 litrelik kapta 2 mol PCl3, 4 mol Cl2 \t 4 litrelik kapta 4\u2019er mol X ve Y gazlar\u0131 ile Kapal\u0131 bir sistemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve 8 mol PCl5 gazlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 2\u2019\u015fer mol Z ve T gazlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. denge tepkimesinin herhangi bir andaki bile\u015fenlerinin deri\u015fimleri \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t Sistem dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Z gaz\u0131n\u0131n tepkimenin dengede olup olma- \t I.\t Sistem dengededir. deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mol\/L dir? d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. \t II.\t Zamanla PCl5 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi artar. \t A) 0,3\u2001 B) 0,6\u2001 C) 1,0\u2001 D) 1,2\u2001 E) 1,6 Tepkimenin herhangi bir an\u0131nda \t III.\t Tepkime \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne ilerleyerek \u00dcr\u00fcnler\/Girenler oran\u0131 denge kes- 5.\t 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2NOCl Kc = 0,5 rini verir. dengeye ula\u015f\u0131r. \t 2 litrelik sabit hacimli bir kapta 2\u2019\u015fer mol Denge kesri Qc ile g\u00f6sterilir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? NO ve Cl2 gazlar\u0131 ile 4 mol NOCl gaz\u0131 bu- Qc< Kc ise, tepkime dengede de- lunmaktad\u0131r. \u011fildir. \u0130leri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 geri tep- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II kime h\u0131z\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tepkime \t Buna g\u00f6re, yeniden dengeye gelirken \u00fcr\u00fcnler \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t I.\t Sistem dengede de\u011fildir. y\u00f6n\u00fcnde daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerler. \t II.\t Yeni kurulan dengedeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 ba\u015flan- 2.\t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) Kc = 16 Qc= Kc olunca tepkime dengeye g\u0131ca g\u00f6re daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. gelir. \t 1 litrelik sabit hacimli kapta 4\u2019er mol H2 ve \t III.\t Yeni kurulan dengede NOCl gaz\u0131n\u0131n Cl2 gazlar\u0131 ile 2 mol HCl gaz\u0131 bulunmakta- \u2022\t Qc> Kc ise, tepkime dengede d\u0131r. deri\u015fimi 2 mol\/L\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. de\u011fildir. Geri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 ileri \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? tepkime h\u0131z\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tepkime yeniden dengeye ge- lirken girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcnde daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerler. \t Qc= Kc olunca tepkime dengeye gelir. \u2022\t Qc= Kc ise, tepkime dengededir. \u0130leri ve geri tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 e\u015fit- tir. \t Sistem dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta ka\u00e7 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 2. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Etkisi mol H2 gaz\u0131 bulunur? S\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiminin dengeye et- 7 5 2 1 1 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 kisini belirleyebilmek i\u00e7in tepki- 5 3 3 3 6 menin ekzotermik veya endoter- \t A) \u2001 B) \u2001 C) \u2001 D) \u2001 E) mik oldu\u011fu bilinmelidir. 6.\t 2X(g) + Y(g) \u0192 2Z(g) Le Ch\u00e2telier \u0130lkesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re sisteme \u0131s\u0131 verilmesi endotermik tepki- 3.\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) Kc = 4 \t tepkimesinin Kc de\u011ferinin s\u0131cakl\u0131kla de\u011fi- melerde dengeyi \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne, \u015fimi, ekzotermik tepkimelerde girenler \t 1 litrelik sabit hacimli kapta 2\u2019\u015fer mol N2 ve y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayd\u0131r\u0131r. Denge tepki- H2 gazlar\u0131 ile 4 mol NH3 gaz\u0131 bulunmakta- \tT1 = 300 K\t \t Kc = 4.10\u20132 melerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi hem d\u0131r. \tT2 = 1200 K \t\t Kc = 0,2 dengeyi hem de denge sabitini \t \u015feklindedir. de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \t Buna g\u00f6re; \t Buna g\u00f6re, Endotermik denge tepkimelerinde \t I.\t Sistem dengede de\u011fildir. s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa denge, \u00fcr\u00fcnler \t II.\t Kurulan yeni dengede toplam mol sa- \t I.\t Tepkimenin Eai de\u011feri Eag de\u011ferinden y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt- b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kc b\u00fcy\u00fcr. y\u0131s\u0131 8\u2019den azd\u0131r. \t III.\t Kurulan yeni dengede N2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri- \t II.\t T2 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ki ve kg de\u011feri T1 s\u0131- S\u0131cakl\u0131k azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa denge, girenler cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131r- \u015fimi H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fiminden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t III.\t Girenlerin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u0131s\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ekzotermik denge tepkimelerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa denge, girenler \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt- maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. S\u0131cakl\u0131k azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa denge, \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayarak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7a- l\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kc b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.B 3.E 4.C 5.E 6.B 149 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","DENGEYE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER (Denge Kesri ve S\u0131cakl\u0131 \u0131n Etkisi) Test \/ 5 NOT: 7.\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) + \u0131s\u0131 10.\tX(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 2Y(g) Endotermik ve ekzotermik den- \t tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta dengededir. \t tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta dengededir. ge tepkimelerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131- \t Denge tepkimesinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, r\u0131l\u0131rsa her iki y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z artar. \t I.\t N2 ve H2 gazlar\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi artar. \t Sisteme, B\u00f6ylece ki (ileri h\u0131z sabiti) ve \t II.\t Geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z azal\u0131r. kg (geri h\u0131z sabiti) h\u0131z sabitleri \t III.\t Kc nin de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t I.\t X(g) eklemek artar. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak Ancak endotermik denge tepki- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t III.\t He(g) eklemek melerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ki\u2006\u2006, \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na uy- kg\u2006\u2019ye g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok artar. Ekzotermik denge tepkimele- gulan\u0131rsa ileri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabit- rinde ise s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla kg, leri artar? ki\u2006\u2019e g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok artar. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 8.\t PCl5(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t tepkimesi sabit hacimli kapta dengededir. 11.\t KClO3(k) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 KCl(k) + 3 \u200aO2(g) 2X(g)+ Y(g) \u0192 2Z(g) \u2206H < 0 \t Denge tepkimesinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, 2 S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, \t I.\t Toplam molek\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131 artar. \u2022\t Sistem girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. \t II.\t \u0130leri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z artar. \t reaksiyonu i\u00e7in deri\u015fim - zaman grafi\u011fi ve- \u2022\t X ve Y miktarlar\u0131 ve deri\u015fimleri \t III.\t ki ve kg de\u011ferleri artar. rilmi\u015ftir. \t IV.\t Reaktif ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin deri\u015fimi artar. \t Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \u2022\t Z miktar\u0131 ve deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) Molarite Z PCl5 O2 Y PCl3 KClO3 X Zaman \t Cl2 KCl \t 1. 2. \t Zaman Zaman denge denge \t \t t1 \t grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015fir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, sisteme t1 an\u0131nda yap\u0131lan V.\t Kc de\u011feri azal\u0131r. verilerinden ka\u00e7 tanesi do\u011fru olur? i\u015flem a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? \t A) 5\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 \t A)\t Kaba KClO3(k) ekleme \t B)\t Hacmi art\u0131rma 3. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve Hacim Etkisi \t C)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma \t D)\t Bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rma Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dengedeki bir tep- \t E)\t O2(g) ekleme kimenin bulundu\u011fu kapta toplam 9.\t 2SO3(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 2SO2(g) + O2(g) bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa denge deri- \u015fimleri, artan bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisini \t Sabit hacimli kapta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tepkime azaltacak y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fir. B\u00f6ylece dengededir. denge bozulur. Gazlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcrse gazlar\u0131n \t Denge tepkimesine, 12.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi bir denge tep- k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 artar. \t \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta SO3(g) eklemek. kimesinin ileri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabit- 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2NOCl(g) II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak lerinin birbirine oran\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir? dengedeki tepkimede hacim azal- \t III.\t He gaz\u0131 eklemek t\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar artar. i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na uy- \t gulan\u0131rsa kaptaki toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar? \t A) Bas\u0131n\u00e7\u2001\t \t \t B) Deri\u015fim D) S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \u2001\t C) Hacim\u2001\t \t \t \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E) Kataliz\u00f6r K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 150 7.D 8.B 9.E 10.A 11.C 12.D"]