farklı kadro yayınları ayt sorubankası 2021

["DENGEYE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER Test \/ 6 (Bas\u0131n\u00e7, Hacim, Kataliz\u00f6r Etkisi) 1.\t 2CO(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2CO2(g) 4.\t CaCO3(k) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 CaO(k) + CO2(g) Sistem, bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak ister. Tepkimenin yeniden dengeye ge- \t tepkimesi dengededir. \t tepkimesi dengededir. lebilmesi i\u00e7in tepkime gaz mol sa- \t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa, \t Buna g\u00f6re, y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu y\u00f6ne (\u00fcr\u00fcnlere) \t I.\t Sadece CO2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi artar. \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi art\u0131rmak kayar. \t II.\t Kc nin say\u0131sal de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t III.\t Denge \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne ilerler. \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CO2(g) eklemek Deri\u015fim \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015f olur? \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na uy- [NO] \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II gulan\u0131rsa CO2(g) deri\u015fimi artar? [CI2] \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II [NOCI] \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Zaman t1 t2 2.\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) \t tepkimesi dengedeyken sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Hacim artt\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar hacim art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, azal\u0131r. Sistem, bas\u0131nc\u0131 artt\u0131rmak \t Mol\/L KC 5.\t aX(g) + bY(g) \u0192 cZ(g) ister. Tepkimenin yeniden denge- ye gelebilmesi i\u00e7in tepkime gaz \t tepkimesi dengededir. Bu tepkime ile ilgili; mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu y\u00f6ne (gi- N2 N2 H2 H2 \t \u2022\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda renler) kayar. NH3 NH3 denge girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcne ilerliyor. Deri\u015fim \t zaman zaman zaman \t \u2022\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ki de\u011feri kg de\u011fe- rine oranla daha fazla art\u0131yor. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen grafiklerden hangileri [NO] do\u011fru olur? \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t I.\t a + b > c\u2019dir. [CI2] \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t II.\t Eai > Eag\u2019dir. [NOCI] \t III.\t Maksimum d\u00fczensizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fc- Zaman t1 t2 nedir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 3.\t C(k) + CO2(g) \u0192 2CO(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t tepkimesi dengededir. Sisteme yap\u0131lan bir \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 NOT: etki sonucu t1 an\u0131ndan sonraki deri\u015fimler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. 6.\t CO(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 COCl2(g) + \u0131s\u0131 Tepkimenin girenlerdeki gazla- r\u0131n kat say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn- \t Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \t tepkimesi dengededir. lerdeki gazlar\u0131n kat say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131na e\u015fit ise bas\u0131n\u00e7 ya da C(k) \t Deri\u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabitinin hacim de\u011fi\u015fimi denge sistemini CO2 (Kc) say\u0131sal de\u011ferini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, ileri veya geri y\u00f6nde ilerlemesi- CO ne neden olmaz. \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CO(g) eklemek Zaman H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) \t t1 \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek \t Buna g\u00f6re, t1 an\u0131nda sisteme yap\u0131lan tepkimesinde bas\u0131n\u00e7 ya da ha- \t III.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi art\u0131rmak cim de\u011fi\u015fimi denge sistemini etki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya- \t A) \tS\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak p\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r- \t B) \tSabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CO2(g) eklemek sa denge bozulmaz. Girenlerin \t C) \tS\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. \t D) \tBas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak \t E) \tHacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim azalt\u0131- l\u0131rsa denge bozulmaz. Girenlerin 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.B ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin deri\u015fimi artar. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 151 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","DENGEYE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER Test \/ 6 (Bas\u0131n\u00e7, Hacim, Kataliz\u00f6r Etkisi) 4. Kataliz\u00f6r Etkisi 7.\t Sb2 S3(k) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2Sb(k) + 3H2S(g) 10.\t I.\t Kataliz\u00f6r tepkimesi sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 2V hacimli kapta Kataliz\u00f6r, aktivasyon enerjisini \t dengededir. \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k azaltarak tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kap hacmi V yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, maddelere denir. Denge tep- \t I.\t Kaptaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \t III.\t Deri\u015fim kimelerinde hem ileri tepkime \t II.\t Denge girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcne ilerler. h\u0131z\u0131ndan hem de geri tepkime h\u0131- \t III.\t Kaptaki kat\u0131 k\u00fctlesi de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t Verilen fakt\u00f6rlerden hangileri tek ba- z\u0131ndan bahsedilir. Bir denge tepki- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u015f\u0131na denge sabitinin de\u011ferini de\u011fi\u015ftir- mesinde kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \t mez? ileri ve geri tepkimenin aktivasyon A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III enerjisi ayn\u0131 miktarda d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fin- \t \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III den hem ileri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 hem de \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 geri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 oranda ar- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 tar. Bundan dolay\u0131 kataliz\u00f6r den- 8.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki denge tepkimelerinden han- geyi bozmaz. Sistemin daha \u00e7a- gisinde sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131- buk dengeye gelmesini sa\u011flayan \u011f\u0131nda denge bozulmadan maddelerin kataliz\u00f6r dengenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015f- deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r? tirmez. Sistem, dengeye kataliz\u00f6r olmadan da ula\u015fabilir. A)\t C(k) + CO2(g) \u0192 2CO(g) B)\t N2O4(g) \u0192 2NO2(g) Uygulama: C(k) + CO2(g) \u0192 2CO(g) \t 11.\t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2SO2(g) tepkimesi t \u00b0C\u2019de dengededir. \t Dengede bulunan yukar\u0131daki sisteme a)\tAyn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaba CO2(g) \t sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kataliz\u00f6r ilave edilirse, ilave edilirse: \t I.\t Kc\u2019nin say\u0131sal de\u011feri artar. mol\/L \t C)\t H2(g) + Br2(s) \u0192 2HBr(g) \t II.\t Denge bozulmaz. C \t D)\t PCl5(g) \u0192 PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) CO2 \t E)\t H2(g) + F2(g) \u0192 2HF(g) \t III.\t Tepkime verimi artar. CO \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015f olur? zaman 9.\t Hareketli piston COCI2(g) \u0192 CO(g) + CI2(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II girenlerin ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin deri\u015fimi \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 yukar\u0131daki gibi olur. b)\tAyn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r- sa: mol\/L C CO2 \t Yukar\u0131da verilen sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kapta, CO \t COCl2(g) \u0192 CO(g) + Cl2(g) zaman \t tepkimesi dengededir. Buna g\u00f6re, deri\u015fim - zaman grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131da- \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta pistonu sabitleyip He 12.\t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \t ki gibi olur. gaz\u0131 ekleme \t Dengede bulunan yukar\u0131daki sistemde, II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta He gaz\u0131 ekleme \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi art\u0131rmak \t III.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta pistonun \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131r- \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kataliz\u00f6r kullanmak \t \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak l\u0131k koymak \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131- \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya- p\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda COCl2(g) mol say\u0131s\u0131 artar? l\u0131rsa denge bozulmaz? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 152 7.C 8.E 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.B","K\u0130MYASAL DENGE B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 7 1.\t 2I(g) + H2(g) \u0192 2HI(g) (yava\u015f) 4.\t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) Kc = 1 Soru: 4 \t I2(g) \u0192 2I(g) (h\u0131zl\u0131) \t 2 litrelik bir kapta 2\u2019\u015fer mol H2, Cl2 ve HCl I. X2(g) + 2Y2(g) \u0192 2XY2(g) \t Mekanizmas\u0131na sahip tepkimenin deri- gazlar\u0131 konuluyor. \u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- II. X2(g) + Y2(g) \u0192 2XY(g) dakilerden hangisidir? \t Sistemin sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dengeye ula\u015f- III. X2(k) + Y2(g) \u0192 2XY(g) mas\u0131 ile ilgili, Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimelerden \t I.\t Kaptaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. [HI]2 [HI]2 hangilerinde ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta deri- \t A) Kc = \t B) Kc = [H2][I]2 [H2][I2] \t II.\t HCl gaz\u0131n\u0131n % 40\u2019\u0131 harcan\u0131r. \u015fimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kc), k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge- [HI]2 [I]2 \t III.\t H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi HCl gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fi- sabiti (Kp)\u2019ne e\u015fittir? [I2] minin 2 kat\u0131 olur. A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t C) Kc = \t D) Kc = [I2] \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? C) Yaln\u0131z III\t D) I ve II [I]2 E) II ve III E) Kc = [H2] \t \t\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Kp = Kc ili\u015fkisi olabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u2206n = 0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. I.\t\u2206n = 2 \u2013 3 = \u20131 oldu\u011fundan, \tKp = Kc olamaz. 2.\t aX + bY \u0192 cZ II.\t\u2206n = 2 \u2013 2 = 0 oldu\u011fundan \tKp = Kc olur. \t denge tepkimesi i\u00e7in, III.\t\u2206n = 2 \u2013 1 = 1 oldu\u011fundan \t \u2022\t a + b = c dir. [\u200aZ\u200a]c 5.\t 11,2 litrelik sabit hacimli bir kapta 1\u2019er mol \t Kp = Kc olamaz. H2, Cl2 ve 2 mol HCI gazlar\u0131 0 \u00b0C de, \t \t \u2022\t Denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 Kc = [\u200aY\u200a]b \u015feklindedir. Cevap: B \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) \t I.\t Kp = Kc\u2019dir. \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re dengededir. \t II.\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 dengeyi bozmaz. \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaba 2 mol HCl gaz\u0131 ekleni- \t III.\t Heterojen denge tepkimesidir. yor. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olabilir? \t Buna g\u00f6re, kurulan yeni dengede kap- taki toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 ka\u00e7 atm\u2019dir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A) 2\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 8\u2001 E) 12 3.\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) + 120 kkal 6.\tX2(g) + 2Y2(g) \u0192 2XY2(g) \t tepkimesinin denge sabiti (Kc) 16\u2019d\u0131r. \t 1 litrelik kapta t \u00b0C\u2019de 1 mol X2, 1 mol Y2 ve 4 mol XY2 gazlar\u0131 ile dengededir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta denge sabiti 1 \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaba 2 mol XY2 gaz\u0131 ila- (Kc) 4 olan tepkimenin entalpi de\u011fi\u015fi- ve edilirken Y2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fiminin de- \u011fi\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in kaba ka\u00e7 mol X2 gaz\u0131 mi ka\u00e7 kkal\u2019dir? eklenmelidir? \t A) +60\u2001 B) +30\u2001 C) +15 \t A) 2,5\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 1,25\u2001 D) 1\u2001 E) 0,75 153 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE \u2001 D) \u201315\u2001 E) \u201330\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.E 6.C","K\u0130MYASAL DENGE B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 7 Soru: 7.\t Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) 9.\t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) Hareketli piston X \t verilen denge tepkimesinin t \u00b0C\u2019deki denge sabitini (Kc) bulmak i\u00e7in; Y \t I.\t t \u00b0C\u2019deki Kp de\u011feri COCI2(g) \u0192 CO(g)+CI2(g) Z \t II.\t Reaktiflerin ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin denge an\u0131n- t Zaman daki mol say\u0131lar\u0131 \t Verilen grafik dengede bulunan \t III.\t ki oran\u0131 kg \tX(g) + Y(g) \u0192 Z(g) + \u0131s\u0131 \u015eekildeki pistonlu kapta sabit s\u0131- \t hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterlidir? cakl\u0131kta sistem dengededir. \t tepkimesine t an\u0131nda yap\u0131lan etki ile deri- \u015fimlerindeki de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6stermektedir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II Tepkime endotermik oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \t Buna g\u00f6re t an\u0131nda, \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 a.\tPistonun \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k konu- \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi art\u0131rma lursa \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ortamdan bir miktar 10.\t CO(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 COCl2(g) + \u0131s\u0131 Kc = 1 4 b.\tKaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir mik- X(g) \u00e7ekme tar He gaz\u0131 eklenirse \t III.\t Kataliz\u00f6r ekleme c.\tPiston sabit tutularak s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa denge nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fir? \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya- \t tepkimesi 1500 K\u2019de sabit hacimli kapta p\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir? dengedededir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t Tepkimenin Kc de\u011ferini 0,4 yapmak i\u00e7in, \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CO(g) eklemek \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kataliz\u00f6r eklemek \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak a.\tPistonun \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ko- \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya- nulursa bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. Denge, p\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in gaz mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu y\u00f6ne (gi- \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III renlere) kayar. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E)\u2009I, \u2009II ve III\u2001 b.\tHelyum eklendi\u011finde hacim ar- 8.\t Mol say\u0131s\u0131 tar, bas\u0131n\u00e7 azal\u0131r. Denge, ba- s\u0131nc\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gaz mol say\u0131- 6 s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu y\u00f6ne (\u00fcr\u00fcnlere) 5 kayar. 4 3 2 Y(k) 11.\t 2 atm PCI3(g) 1 T(g) 2 atm c.\tPiston sabitken s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131- Z(g) 4 atm PCI5(g) l\u0131rsa endotermik tepkimelerde X(g) CI2(g) denge, \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. Zaman V, T V, T \t 2 litrelik bir kapta sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ek- \t \u015eekilde verilen kaplar aras\u0131ndaki musluk le\u015fen denge tepkimesinde tepkimede yer sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta a\u00e7\u0131larak; alan maddelerin mol say\u0131lar\u0131 grafikteki gi- bidir. \t PCl5(g) \u0192 PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) \t Buna g\u00f6re denge tepkimesinin deri\u015fim- \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re denge kuruluyor. Denge ler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kc) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? kuruldu\u011funda kaptaki toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 5 atm olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \t (Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denkle\u015fti- rilecek) \t Buna g\u00f6re k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar t\u00fcr\u00fcnden denge sabiti (Kp) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t A) 9\u2001 B) 18\u2001 C) 27\u2001 D) 36\u2001 E) 54 \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 6\u2001 E) 16 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 154 7.A 8.E 9.E 10.B 11.C","K\u0130MYASAL DENGE B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 8 1.\t Gaz faz\u0131nda tek basamakta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 4.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 1 litrelik kapta, Soru: bir denge tepkimesinin ileri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z \t 2SO2(g) + O2(g) \u0192 2SO3(g) X(k)+ 2Y(g) \u0192 Z(k)+ T(g) \u2206H < 0 sabiti (ki) 0,02 L2\/mol2.s, geri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabiti (kg) ise 8.10\u20133 L\/mol.s dir. \t tepkimesi 4 mol SO2(g), 2 mol O2(g) ve 4 Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki denge tepki- \t Buna g\u00f6re, mol SO3(g) ile dengededir. mesi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131 \t I.\t Denge tepkimesi, cevaplay\u0131n\u0131z. \t Dengede SO3 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fiminin 6 a.\tDengedeki sisteme Y gaz\u0131 ek- \t \t 2A(k) + B(g) \u0192 2C(g) \u015feklinde yaz\u0131labilir. mol\/L olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaba ka\u00e7 mol O2(g) ek- lendi\u011finde dengenin y\u00f6n\u00fc; yeni lenmelidir? \t II.\t Kc de\u011feri 2,5 tir. denge kuruldu\u011funda denge de- \t III.\t Homojen denge tepkimesidir. ri\u015fimleri ve denge sabiti nas\u0131l \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) 5\u2001 B) 7\u2001 C) 12\u2001 D) 15\u2001 E) 17 de\u011fi\u015fir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 5.\t H2(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 2HCl(g) \t tepkimesi dengededir. Tepkimeye sabit b.\tDengedeki sistemden Y gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yap\u0131lan etki sonucu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00e7ekilirse dengenin y\u00f6n\u00fc; yeni denge kuruldu\u011funda denge de- grafik elde edilmi\u015ftir. ri\u015fimleri ve denge sabiti nas\u0131l Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) de\u011fi\u015fir? H2 Cl2 2.\t 2N2O(g) + 3O2(g) \u0192 2N2O4(g) Kc = 1 HCl Zaman c.\tHacim artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa dengenin 8 y\u00f6n\u00fc; yeni denge kuruldu\u011funda \tt denge deri\u015fimleri ve denge sa- \t tepkimesi t \u00b0C\u2019de 1 L\u2019lik sabit hacimli kapta \t Buna g\u00f6re, biti nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fir? dengededir. \t Dengede N2O ve N2O4 gazlar\u0131n\u0131n mol \t I.\t Kaptaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fit oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re dengede O2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mol\/L\u2019dir? \t II.\t \u0130leri ve geri y\u00f6ndeki tepkime h\u0131zlar\u0131 art- m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t A) 0,5\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 2\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 8 \t III.\t ki oran\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. d.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa dengenin kg y\u00f6n\u00fc; yeni denge kuruldu\u011funda denge deri\u015fimleri ve denge sa- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? biti nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 3.\t Cl2(g) + 2NO(g) \u0192 2NOCl(g) 6.\t I.\t CO(g) + Cl2(g) \u0192 COCl2(g) e.\tDengedeki sisteme X kat\u0131s\u0131 eklenirse dengenin y\u00f6n\u00fc; yeni \t reaksiyonu 2 litrelik kapta 2 mol Cl2 ve 4 \t II.\t 2NH3(g) \u0192 N2(g) + 3H2(g) denge kuruldu\u011funda denge de- mol NO gazlar\u0131 ile ba\u015flay\u0131p sistem den- ri\u015fimleri ve denge sabiti nas\u0131l geye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta toplam 5 mol gaz de\u011fi\u015fir? bulunmaktad\u0131r. \t III.\t 2NO2(g) \u0192 N2 O4(g) \t Denge tepkimesinin ileri y\u00f6ndeki h\u0131z sabiti (ki) 4 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re geri y\u00f6ndeki \t Verilen tepkimelerden hangilerinde sa- h\u0131z sabiti (kg) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? bit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 dengeyi gi- renler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayd\u0131r\u0131r? \t A) 0.25\u2001 B) 0,5\u2001 C) 1\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 4 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.E 6.C \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 155 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","K\u0130MYASAL DENGE B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 8 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 7.\t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) + \u0131s\u0131 10.\t I.\t ki a.\tSistem, Y gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimini \t tepkimesine t1 ve t2 an\u0131nda yap\u0131lan etkiler \t II.\t Kc azaltmak ister. Denge, \u00fcr\u00fcnler sonucu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafik elde ediliyor. \t III.\t Kp \t IV.\t \u2206H y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. Yeni denge ku- Deri\u015fim (mol\/L) \t V.\t Eai ruldu\u011funda Y gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimi, \t Yukar\u0131daki niceliklerden hangisi negatif ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re artar. T\u2019nin de- i\u015faretli olabilir? ri\u015fimi artar. X ve Z deri\u015fimleri N2 \t A) V\u2001 B) IV\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) II\u2001 E) I ve Kc de\u011fi\u015fmez. H2 NH 3 b.\tSistem, Y gaz\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimini t1 t2 Zaman artt\u0131rmak ister. Denge, giren- ler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. Yeni denge \t Buna g\u00f6re t1 ve t2 an\u0131nda sisteme yap\u0131- kuruldu\u011funda Y ve T deri\u015fimi, \t lan etkiler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re azal\u0131r. X, Z de- _ _ _ _ _ t1_\t___\t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _t2_________ ri\u015fimleri ve Kc de\u011fi\u015fmez. A) N2 \u00e7ekilmesi\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200aS\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 B) Bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200aNH3 eklenmesi \t\t C) Hacim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi c.\tHacim artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa bas\u0131n\u00e7 azal\u0131r. \t 11.\t H2(g) + S(k) \u0192 H2S(g) \t Kc = 2 Sistem, bas\u0131nc\u0131 artt\u0131rmak ister. \t \t \t tepkimesi 1 litrelik kapta sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \t Denge gaz mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \t dengededir. oldu\u011fu y\u00f6ne (girenler) kayar. \t Yeni denge kuruldu\u011funda Y ga- D) H2 eklenmesi \u200aBas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \t H2(g), S(k) ve HCl(g) maddelerinin herhangi z\u0131n\u0131n ve T \u2019nin deri\u015fimi, ba\u015f- E) Hacim art\u0131\u015f\u0131\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200aS\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir andaki mol say\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. lang\u0131ca g\u00f6re azal\u0131r. X ve Z deri- \u015fimleri ve Kc de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t\t \t\t_\u200aH__2(_g_)\t\t _\u200aS_(k_)\t\t \u200a \u200a_\u200a \u200aH_2_S_(_g)_ 4 \t I.\t \t 1\t 2\t \t II.\t \t 0,2\t 0,1\t 0,4 d.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa denge s\u0131- 8.\t Kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn dengeye etkisiyle ilgili, \t III.\t \t0,05\t 1\t 0,1 cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in girenler \t I.\t Dengedeki bir tepkimenin verimini art\u0131- \t Buna g\u00f6re, hangi durumlarda sistem y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. Yeni denge ku- \t dengededir? ruldu\u011funda Y deri\u015fimi, ba\u015flan- r\u0131r. ki g\u0131ca g\u00f6re artar. T\u2019nin deri\u015fimi kg azal\u0131r. X ve Z deri\u015fimleri s\u0131cak- II.\t Dengedeki tepkimenin oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131- r\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II l\u0131kla genle\u015fme nedeniyle azal\u0131r. \t III.\t Dengeye ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f bir tepkimenin \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E)\u2009 II ve III\u2001 Kc azal\u0131r. daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede dengeye ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? e. Kat\u0131 madde eklenmesi dengenin \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc, denge deri\u015fimlerini ve \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Kc\u2019yi de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. 9.\t NH4HS(k) \u0192 NH3(g) + H2S(g) Kp = 64 12.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta NO2F gaz\u0131n\u0131n % 40\u2019\u0131 \t Bir miktar NH4HS(k) tepkimesine g\u00f6re sa- \t 2NO2F(g) \u0192 F2(g) + 2NO2(g) bit hacimli kapta ayr\u0131\u015farak dengeye ula\u015f\u0131- \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re harcanarak dengeye yor. ula\u015f\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaptaki top- \t Denge an\u0131nda kaptaki toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7 lam gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm\u2019dir? 2,4 atm oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, dengede NO2 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t A) 4\u2001 B) 8\u2001 C) 12\u2001 D) 16\u2001 E) 32 gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ka\u00e7 atm\u2019dir? K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 156 \t A) 0,8\u2001 B) 0,6\u2001 C) 0,4\u2001 D) 0,2\u2001 E) 0,1 7.E 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.E 12.A","SUYUN OTO\u0130YON\u0130ZASYONU - pH ve pOH KAVRAMI Test \/ 9 1.\t 2H2O(s) \u0192 H3O+(suda) + OH\u2013(suda) 4.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de pH = 3 olan bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti Suyun Otoiyonizasyonu i\u00e7in; pOH 4 Su molek\u00fcl\u00fc polar yap\u0131l\u0131 iyi bir \t Yukar\u0131da verilen suyun otoiyonizasyo- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Suyun \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikle- nu i\u00e7in, \t Buna g\u00f6re, rinden biri hem asit hem de baz \t I.\t Denge ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 Ksu\u2006= \u2006[H3O+]\u200a[OH\u2013] \u015feklinde yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \t I.\t [H+] = 10\u20133 molard\u0131r. olarak davranabilmesidir. Su, HCl ve CH3COOH gibi asitlerle tepki- \t II.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de Ksu = 10\u201314 t\u00fcr. melerinde baz olarak davran\u0131rken \t III.\t Ksu de\u011feri s\u0131cakl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fir. \t II.\t pOH = 8\u2019dir. NH3 gibi bazlarla tepkimelerinde \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t III.\t 25 \u00b0C de saf su ilave edilirse pH de\u011feri asit olarak davran\u0131r. \u00c7ok zay\u0131f bir elektrolittir ve bu nedenle elektrik artar. iletkenli\u011fi zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Ancak az da \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? olsa iyonla\u015f\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II S\u0131v\u0131 fazdaki su molek\u00fclleri hareket \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II h\u00e2lindedir ve birbirleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma sonucunda bir su \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn hidrojeni ba\u015fka bir su molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn oksijen atomu- niyaonbua\u011fvelaOnaHr\u2013a(khiHdr3oOk+s(ith)idorloun\u015fytuurmur). Suda olu\u015fan bu iyonlar az da olsa elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iletir. Sabit s\u0131- cakl\u0131kta suyun elektrik iletkenli\u011fi sabittir. 2.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de suyun otoiyonizasyonu, \u0130letkenli\u011fin sabit olmas\u0131 sudaki H3O+ ve OH\u2013 iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimle- \t H2O(s) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 H+(suda) + OH\u2013(suda) rinin sabit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. \t \u015feklindedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 5.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de pOH = 0 olan bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u0130yon deri\u015fimlerinin sabit olmas\u0131 \t I.\t 40 \u00b0C\u2019de saf suda [H+] > [OH\u2013]\u2019t\u0131r. suda i\u00e7in; \t II.\t 30 \u00b0C\u2019de pH + pOH < 14\u2019t\u00fcr. \t I.\t Asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. H2O(s) + H2O(s) \u0192 \t III.\t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de Ksu < 10\u201314\u2019t\u00fcr. \t II.\t [H+] = 0,1 molard\u0131r. H3O(+suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t III.\t [H+] < [OH\u2013] dir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? dengesinin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bu denge k\u0131saca, H2O(s) \u0192 H(+suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir. Kimyasal tep- kimelerde, \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 H3O+ iyonu = H+ iyonu al\u0131n\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Baz\u0131 su molek\u00fclleri proton verir, baz\u0131 su molek\u00fclleri de proton al\u0131r. Bu olaya suyun otoiyonizasyonu (kendi kendine iyonla\u015fmas\u0131) veya otoprotolizi denir. 25\u00b0C\u2019de asidik, bazik ya da n\u00f6tr b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in, Ksu = [H+].[OH\u2013] = 1.10\u201314 t\u00fcr. 6.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bulunan bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- Saf suda 25\u00b0C\u2019de, de pOH \u2013 pH = 4 \u015feklindedir. [H+] = [OH\u2013] = 10\u20137 M olur. \t Bu sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7in; 3.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri i\u00e7in; \t I.\t [H+] = 10\u20135 molard\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, [H+] = [OH\u2013] ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti n\u00f6tr \t I.\t [H+].[OH\u2013] = 10\u201314\u200a\u200a\u2019t\u00fcr. \t II.\t [OH\u2013] < 10\u20137 M\u2019dir. \t II.\t Mavi turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya \u00e7evi- [H+] > [OH\u2013] ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti asit rir. \t III.\t pH < 7\u2019dir. [OH\u2013] > [H+] ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti bazd\u0131r. \t III.\t pOH = 10 dur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.A 3.E 4.A 5.C 6.C 157 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","SUYUN OTO\u0130YON\u0130ZASYONU - pH ve pOH KAVRAMI Test \/ 9 Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde H+ ve OH\u2013 iyon- 7.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de [H+] = 2.10\u20132 M olan bir sulu 10.\t lar\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimleri, genellikle \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7in; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck say\u0131lard\u0131r ve bunlarla \u00e7al\u0131- \t I.\t OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi 5.10\u201313 molard\u0131r. \u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bu nedenle OH\u2212 = 10\u22122M OH\u2212 = 10\u221212M 1909\u2019da Danimarkal\u0131 kimyac\u0131 So- \t II.\t pH = 1,7 dir. ren Sorensen (Sor\u0131n Sor\u0131ns\u0131n) ta- raf\u0131ndan daha pratik bir kavram \t III.\t [H+].[HO\u2013] = 10\u201314 t\u00fcr. AB olan pH \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir. Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri verilen pH de\u011feri \u00e7\u00f6zeltide bulunan hidro- sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili; jen iyonu deri\u015fiminin negatif loga- \t (log2: 0,3) \t I.\t A baz, B asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. ritmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \t II.\t A \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde pH = 12\u2019dir. Baz\u0131 tepkimelerde \u00e7\u00f6zelti asitten \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II baza, bazdan aside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken H+ \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t III.\t Her iki \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye de ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf ve OH\u2013 iyonlar\u0131 deri\u015fimlerinde \u00e7ok su ilave edilirse Ksu de\u011feri azal\u0131r. b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olur. Bu nedenle ortam\u0131n asitlik ve bazl\u0131k derece- \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? sini g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere pH ve pOH terimleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u201cp\u201d de\u011feri ma- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II tematikte -logaritma (p = -log) demektir. pH, H3O+ veya H+iyonlar\u0131 deri\u015fi- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 minin negatif logaritmas\u0131na, pOH ise OH\u00af iyonlar\u0131 deri\u015fiminin negatif logaritmas\u0131na e\u015fittir. pH = -log[H+] veya pH = -log[H3O+] ve 8.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ayn\u0131 [H+] = 10\u2013pH s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su eklenirse, pOH = \u2013log[OH\u2013] ve \t I.\t Ksu de\u011feri artar. [OH\u2013] = 10\u2013pOH 25 \u00b0C\u2019de sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde H+veya \t II.\t pOH de\u011feri azal\u0131r. OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimlerinden biri b\u00fc- III.\t pH > pOH olur. \t y\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde di\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. [H+]\u200a.\u200a\u200a[\u200a OH\u2013] = 10\u201314 oldu\u011fundan \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 11.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de pH ve pOH de\u011ferleri verilen pH + pOH = 14 olur. sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden hangisinin OH\u2013 iyon 25 \u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II deri\u015fimi daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr? pH < 7, baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde pH > 7, \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 n\u00f6tr \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde ise pH = 7\u2019dir. \t A) pOH = 2\u2001 B) [H+] = 10\u201314\u2001 C) pH = 2 Asit, Baz ve N\u00f6tr \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerde \t \u2001 D) [OH\u2013] = 10\u20137\u2001 E) pOH = 14\u2001 25 \u00b0C\u2019de pH, pOH ve \u0130yon Deri- \u015fimleri Asit [H+] > 10\u20137 M > [OH\u2013] pH < 7 < pOH N\u00f6tr 9.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda H+ iyon deri\u015fimi OH\u2013 12.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de bir sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- [H+] = 10\u20137 M = [OH\u2013] pH = 7 = pOH iyon deri\u015fiminin 100 kat\u0131 olan bir sulu lerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u00e7in; Baz \t A)\t pH > 1 ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti baziktir. [H+] < 10\u20137 M < [OH\u2013] \t I.\t pH < pOH\u2019dir. pH > 7 > pOH \t II.\t [OH\u2013] = 10\u20138 molard\u0131r. pOH \t III.\t Baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. [H+] \t B)\t [OH-] < 1 ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti asidiktir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t C)\t pOH = 14 ise \u00e7\u00f6zelti asidiktir. \t D)\t pH = 0 ise [H+] = 1 molard\u0131r. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t [H+] > 10\u20137 ise pOH > 7\u2019dir. K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 158 7.E 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B","AS\u0130T - BAZ TANIMLARI, AS\u0130TLER\u0130N VE BAZLARIN Test \/ 10 GENEL \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 1.\t Bronsted-Lowry asit baz tan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili; 4.\t HSO\u20133 iyonu i\u00e7in, Asit-Baz Tan\u0131mlar\u0131 \t I.\t Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki maddeye H+ iyonu veren \t I.\t HSO2\u2013 Bronsted\u2013Lowry Asit - Baz Ta- bir madde asit \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. \t II.\t SO32\u2013 n\u0131m\u0131 \t II.\t Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki maddeden H+ iyonu alan Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re bir maddenin asi- madde e\u015flenik asitine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \t III.\t H2SO3 dik ya da bazik \u00f6zelli\u011fi etkile\u015fi- \t III.\t Bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 asit olarak davra- me girdi\u011fi maddeye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kar- nan bir madde, farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye kar- \u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki maddeye proton(H+) \u015f\u0131 baz olarak davranabilir. maddeleri veriliyor. Buna b\u00f6re, yukar\u0131- veren madde asit, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki daki maddelerden hangileri HSO\u20133 iyonu maddeden proton(H+) alan mad- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? i\u00e7in e\u015flenik asit veya baz olabilir? deler bazd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir mad- A) I ve IV\u2001 B) \u2009I ve II\u2001 de herhangi bir maddeye kar\u015f\u0131 C) I ve III asit, ba\u015fka bir maddeye g\u00f6re baz \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) III ve IV\u2001 olarak davranabilir. Asit olan madde H+ verdikten \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 sonra olu\u015fan madde tekrar H+ al\u0131p asite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu madde \u00e7iftine e\u015flenik asit baz \u00e7ifti denir. NH3 + H2O \u0192 NH4+ + OH\u2013 baz asit asit baz 5.\t HF\u2019nin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile ilgili; Yukar\u0131daki tepkimede NH3 , H+ alarak NH4+ d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131- \t I.\t F\u2013 iyonu i\u00e7erir. 2.\t NH3(g) + H2O(s) \u0192 NH4+(suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \t II.\t OH\u2013 iyonu i\u00e7ermez. \u011fs\u0131uylNaHN4+H3iybonauzdi\u0131sre. Onun olu\u015fturdu- NH3\u2019\u00fcn konjuge \t denge tepkimesi ile ilgili; \t III.\t 2 tane e\u015flenik - asit baz \u00e7ifti i\u00e7erir. asididir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde H2O bile\u015fi\u011fi iOnHc\u2013eleisnediH\u011fi2nOd\u2019enuHn2Okobniljeu\u015fgie\u011finbianz\u0131asoilt-, \t I.\t Bronsted-Lowry asit - baz tan\u0131m\u0131na du\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re bir g\u00f6re NH3 bazd\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? asit veya baz\u0131n tepkimesi tersi- \t II.\t H2O proton verici maddedir. nirdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla denge sabiti \t III.\t NH3\u2019\u00fcn konjuge asidi OH\u2013 iyonudur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 bulunur. C) I ve III Asitlerin denge sabitine asitlik \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 denge sabiti (Ka), bazlar\u0131n denge sabitine bazl\u0131k denge sabiti (Kb) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II ad\u0131 verilir. \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00d6rne\u011fin, NH3\u2019\u00fcn sulu ortamda tepkimesi, NH3(suda) + H2O(s) \u0192 NH4+(suda) + OH(\u2212suda) \u015feklinde oldu\u011fundan bazl\u0131k denge sabiti i\u00e7in bazl\u0131k denge sabiti Kb = [NH4+\u200a]\u2006.\u2006[OH\u2212] [NH3] 6.\t HX bile\u015fi\u011fi suda, 3.\t NH3(g) + H2O(s) \u0192 NH4+(suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \u015feklindedir. \t HX(suda) + H2O \u0192 X(\u2013suda) + H3O+(suda) \t NH+4(suda) + H2O(\u0131s\u0131) \u0192 NH3(suda) + H3O+(suda) HF\u2019nin sulu ortamda tepkimesi, \u015feklinde iyonla\u015f\u0131r. \t denge tepkimeleri ile ilgili; HF(suda)+H2O \u0192F(\u2013suda)+H3O+(suda) Buna g\u00f6re HX bile\u015fi\u011fiyle ilgili, \t I.\t NH3, bir proton vermi\u015ftir. I.\t 25 \u00b0C de sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde pH < 7\u2019dir. \u015feklinde oldu\u011fundan asitlik i\u00e7in \t II.\t H2O amfoter \u00f6zellik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. II.\t Konjuge baz\u0131 X\u2013 iyonudur. denge sabiti, \t III.\t NH3, NH4+ \u00fcn konjuge baz\u0131d\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? III.\t H2O bile\u015fi\u011finin e\u015flenik asitidir. Ka = [H3O+\u200a]\u2006.\u2006[F\u2212] yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? [HF] \u015feklindedir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.D 159 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","AS\u0130T - BAZ TANIMLARI, AS\u0130TLER\u0130N VE BAZLARIN Test \/ 10 GENEL \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 \u2022\t Halojen asitlerinden HF zay\u0131f 7.\t \u2022\t HF 10.\t I.\t Amfoter oksit\t a. Na2O di\u011ferleri kuvvetli asittir. Asidin \t \u2022\t HCl \t II.\t Bazik oksit\t b. N2O5 kuvveti halojenin \u00e7ap\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu ne- \t \u2022\t HBr \t III.\t Asit oksit\t\t c. Al2O3 denle halojen asitlerinde kuvvet \t \u2022\t HI s\u0131ras\u0131, \t Yukar\u0131daki oksitlerin t\u00fcrleri ve \u00f6rnek- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen halojen asitleri ile ilgili lerinin e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t HI > HBr > HCI > HF hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t \u015feklindedir. Bununla birlikte \t A)\t Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru asidik \u00f6zellik \t I \t II \t \u2006 III halojenlerin oksijenli asitlerin- artar. \t A)\t a \u200a b \u200a c de (HXOn\u200a\u200a) kuvvet halojenin \t \t B)\t b \u200a a \u200a c elektronegatifli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak B)\t Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en \t C)\t c \u200a b \u200a a de\u011fi\u015fir. Halojenin(X) elektrone- \t az HF asididir. \t D)\t a \u200a c \u200a b gatifli\u011fi art\u0131k\u00e7a asitin kuvveti \t \t E)\t c \u200a a \u200a b artar. C)\t Hepsinin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektrolittir. \t HCIO4 > HBrO4 > HIO4 D) \tTesir de\u011ferlikleri e\u015fittir. \t E) \tHF asidi su ile hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \u2022\t Oksijenli asitlerde O say\u0131s\u0131 art- t\u0131k\u00e7a asitlik artar. \t HCIO4 > HCIO3 > HCIO2 > HCIO \t H2SO4 > H2SO3 \t HNO3 > HNO2 \t Yap\u0131s\u0131nda COOH i\u00e7eren madde- 8.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki asitlerden hangisinin tesir lere organik asit denir. Organik asitlerde karbon atomu say\u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferli\u011fi yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? artt\u0131k\u00e7a asidin kuvveti azal\u0131r. \t\t Asit \t Tesir de\u011ferli\u011fi 11.\t Kuvvetli bazlar\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri a\u015fa- \t HCOOH > CH3COOH> C2H5COOH \u011f\u0131daki metallerden hangisi ile tepkime \t A) \tHCOOH\t 1 vermez? \t B) \tH2SO4\t 2 \t A) Cu\u2001 B) Al\u2001 C) Pb\u2001 D) Cr\u2001 E) Zn \t Bazlar\u0131n karakteri, yap\u0131s\u0131nda- \t C) \tHNO3\t1 ki iyonik ba\u011f\u0131n kuvvetiyle ters \t orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle bazl\u0131k \t D) \tCH3COOH\t 3 kuvveti iyon y\u00fckleriyle ters, \u00e7aplar\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. E) \tHF\t 1 \t KOH > NaOH > LiOH \t NaOH > Mg(OH)2 9.\t Organik asitler i\u00e7in; 12.\t I.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de [H+].[OH\u2013] = 10\u201314\u2019t\u00fcr. \t I.\t Tesir de\u011ferlikleri yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki H atomu \t II.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrolittir. say\u0131s\u0131 kadard\u0131r. \t III.\t Soy metallerle tepkime verirler. \t IV.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde H+ ve OH\u2013 iyonu \t II.\t En kuvvetli mono karboksilli asit HCOOH\u2019dir. bulunur. \t V.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde \t \t III.\t Suda % 100 iyonla\u015f\u0131rlar. pH + pOH = 14\u2019t\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t \t Yukar\u0131da verilen \u00f6zelliklerden ka\u00e7 tane- (Organik asidin C, H ve O\u2019dan ba\u015fka ele- ment atomu i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi varsay\u0131lacak.) si hem asit hem de bazlar i\u00e7in ortakt\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) 5\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.E 11.A 12.B K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 160","AS\u0130T VE BAZLARDA pH, pOH ve \u0130YONLA\u015eMA ve Test \/ 11 \u0130YONLA\u015eMA Y\u00dcZDES\u0130 1.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 11,2 gram KOH kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2 L\u2019lik 4.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti pH Asit \u2013 Bazda Kuvvet Kavram\u0131 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. \t I.\t 1M HCl(suda)\t \t pH1 Bir asit veya baz y\u00fczde 100 iyon- \t Buna g\u00f6re, sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH de\u011feri \t II.\t 0,1M NaOH(suda)\t\t pH2 la\u015f\u0131yorsa kuvvetli, daha az iyon- la\u015f\u0131yorsa zay\u0131f asit veya baz ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (K:39, O:16, H:1) \t A) 0\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 11\u2001 E) 13 \t III.\t 0,1M NH3(suda)\t \t pH3 olarak nitelendirilir. Kuvvetli asit veya bazlar\u0131n Ka veya Kb de\u011fer- 2.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 0,126 gram HNO3 i\u00e7eren 10 \t Yukar\u0131daki sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin 25 \u00b0C\u2019deki pH leri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Zay\u0131f asit ve bazlar ise %100 iyonla\u015famad\u0131kla- L\u2019lik sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? de\u011ferlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- r\u0131ndan Ka veya Kb de\u011ferleri nispe- (O:16, N:14, H:1 log2: 0,3) kilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? ten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t A) 11,3\u2001 B) 10,3\u2001 C) 7,7\u2001 D) 3,7\u2001 E) 2,7 \t A)\t pH2 > pH3 > pH1\u2001 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1M HA asidi y\u00fczde 100 \t B)\t pH3 > pH2 > pH1\u2001 iyonla\u015f\u0131rsa ortamda 1 M H+ iyonu \t C)\t pH1 > pH3 > pH2\u2001 ve 1M X\u2013 iyonu bulunurken; y\u00fczde \t D)\t pH2 > pH1 > pH3\u2001 50 iyonla\u015f\u0131rsa ortamda 0,5 M H+, \t E)\t pH3 > pH1 > pH2\u2001 0,5 M A\u2013 ve 0,5M HA bulunur. H2SO4\u200a, HNO3\u200a, HClO4\u200a, HCl, HBr, HI kuvvetli asit, H3PO4\u200a, HCN, H2CO3\u200a, HF, H2S, organik asitler (RCOOH) zay\u0131f asit; NaOH,KOH, Ca(OH)2\u200a, Mg(OH)2\u200a kuvvetli baz, NH3\u200a, CH- 3NH2 zay\u0131f bazd\u0131r. Bir asidin kuvveti ile konjuge ba- z\u0131n\u0131n kuvveti ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, HCI HF\u2019ye g\u00f6re kuvvetli bir asittir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla F\u2013 iyonu CI\u2013 iyonuna g\u00f6re daha kuvvetli bir bazd\u0131r. 5.\t \u2022\t X(OH)2 kuvvetli bir bazd\u0131r. \t \u2022\t 32,4 gram X(OH)2 ile haz\u0131rlanan 4 L Kuvvetli asit ve bazlar\u0131n deri\u015fik lik sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 25 \u00b0C\u2019deki pH de\u011feri \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi 13\u2019t\u00fcr. iletti\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine kuvvetli elektrolit, zay\u0131f asit ve bazlar\u0131n \t Buna g\u00f6re, X elementinin atom k\u00fctlesi deri\u015fik \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (O:16, H:1) iyi iletemedi\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine zay\u0131f elektrolit ad\u0131 verilir. 3.\t \t A) 64\u2001 B) 69\u2001 C) 74\u2001 D) 128\u2001 E) 162 Ka b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e asidin kuvveti artar. HCI(suda) HA asidinin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi 0,1M 100 mL ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse [H3O+] ve [A\u2013] iyon deri\u015fim de\u011ferleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ola- \t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 0,1M 100 mL\u2019lik HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hacmi 10 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya ca\u011f\u0131ndan Ka de\u011feri de b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. kadar saf su ilave ediliyor. Sadece zay\u0131f asitler i\u00e7in Ka de\u011fer- lerinden bahsedilir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 6.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 0,1M 2 L\u2019lik NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine \t I.\t HCl asitinin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi de\u011fi\u015f- mez. sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ka\u00e7 gram NaOH(k) ila- ve edilirse, olu\u015facak yeni \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH \t II.\t pH de\u011feri 1 birim artar. de\u011feri 14 olur? (Na:23, O:16, H:1,\t \t III.\t OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi 10 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenden kaynaklanan hacim de\u011fi\u015fimi \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? ihmal edilecek) \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) 36\u2001 B) 48\u2001 C) 56\u2001 D) 64\u2001 E) 72 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 161 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.D 6.E","AS\u0130T VE BAZLARDA pH, pOH ve \u0130YONLA\u015eMA ve Test \/ 11 \u0130YONLA\u015eMA Y\u00dcZDES\u0130 \u0130yonla\u015fma Y\u00fczdesi 7.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 0,1 M HX asitinin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- 10.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 3,4 gram NH3 ile haz\u0131rlanan sulu Ka de\u011ferinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir asidin sinin pH = 5 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re iyonla\u015fma \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri 11\u2019dir. kuvveti hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Asidin y\u00fczdesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin hacmi ka\u00e7 mL\u2019dir? kuvveti i\u00e7in di\u011fer bir bilgi iyonla\u015f- do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir. (N:14, H:1, NH3 i\u00e7in Kb = 10\u20137) ma y\u00fczdesinin hesaplanmas\u0131 ile elde edilir. \t A) 10\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 0,1\u2001 D) 0,01\u2001 E) 0,001 \t A) 2000\u2001 B) 200\u2001 C) 20 Zay\u0131f bir asidin iyonla\u015fma dere- \t\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 0,2\u2001 cesi, asidin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 deri\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zelti seyreldik\u00e7e iyon- la\u015fma y\u00fczdesi artar. Bir asit sey- reltildi\u011finde birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na taneciklerin say\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki- ne g\u00f6re azal\u0131r. Le Chatelier \u0130lkesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re bu seyrelme etkisini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in denge, iyonla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f asitten daha \u00e7ok tanecik (iyon) olu\u015fturmak 8.\t Zay\u0131f bir asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ya- 11.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 0,1M HX ve HY asitlerinin sulu \u00fczere H+ ve konjuge baz y\u00f6n\u00fcne va\u015f yava\u015f su ilave ediliyor. \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin pH de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi- kayar. Kuvvetli asitlerde iyonla\u015f- dir. ma y\u00fczdesi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 deri\u015fimine \t Buna g\u00f6re, ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \t I.\t Asitin iyonla\u015fma sabiti (Ka) artar. \t Asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi\t\t \u200a pH \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltideki H+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 \t 0,1M HX\t \t 3 artar. \t 0,1M HY\t \t 5 \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltideki OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi artar. \t Buna g\u00f6re, Soru: \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t I.\t Asitlik sabitleri (Ka) HX > HY\u2019dir. \t II.\t Her iki \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su ila- 0,1 M deri\u015fimli HX asitinin iyon- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 ve edilirse iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdeleri artar. la\u015fmas\u0131 %\u20061 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t III.\t OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri HY > HX\u2019tir. tinin pH de\u011feri ve asitlik sabiti (Ka) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III 100\t 1\t \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 0,1\t x x = 10\u20133M\t HX(suda) \u0192 H+ + X\u2013 0,1 10\u20133 10\u20133 pH = \u2013\u2006log[H+] pH = \u2013\u2006log[10\u20133] pH = 3 9.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 0,1M HX asitinin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi Ka = 10\u201313.10\u201313 haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. 12.\t 25 C\u00b0\u2019de HX zay\u0131f asitinin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ha- 0,1 \t HX asitinin iyonla\u015fmas\u0131 % 2 oldu\u011fu- z\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Ka = 10\u20135 na g\u00f6re sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pOH de\u011feri ve iyonla\u015fma sabiti (Ka) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t HX zay\u0131f asitinin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesini hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in; \t (log2: 0,3) \t I.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su eklemek \t\t\t\t p_O__H_\t\t _ _ K_a__ \t II.\t Bir miktar HX asiti \u00e7\u00f6zmek \t A) \t2,7\t 4.10\u20135 \t III.\t NaOH(k) eklemek \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131- \t B) \t3,7\t 4.10\u20136 labilir? \t C) \t10,3\t 4.10\u20135 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t D) \t11,3\t 4.10\u20135 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t E) \t10,7\t 4.10\u20136 \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 162 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.E 12.E","N\u00d6TRLE\u015eME Test \/ 12 1.\t N\u00f6trle\u015fme tepkimeleri ile ilgili; 4.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda 0,4M 500 mL\u2019lik H2SO4 N\u00f6trle\u015fme (Kuvvetli Asit ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile X M 400 mL\u2019lik NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi Kuvvetli Baz Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda \t I.\t Is\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ekzotermiktir. kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri 7 oluyor. E\u015fde\u011ferlik Noktas\u0131) \t II.\t N\u00f6tralle\u015fme sonucunda olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t Buna g\u00f6re, NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin deri\u015fimi Tesir De\u011ferli\u011fi: Tesir de\u011ferli\u011fi \u201cz\u201d tiler elektrolittir. ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? sembol\u00fc ile g\u00f6sterilebilir. Hidrojen \t III.\t Asitten gelen H+ iyonu ile bazdan ge- len OH\u2013 iyonu aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. i\u00e7eren asitlerin asit \u2013 baz tepki- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,2\u2001 C) 0,5\u2001 D) 0,8\u2001 E) 1 melerindeki tesir de\u011ferlikleri bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn verebilece\u011fi H+ iyonu say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Hidroksit tipi bazlar\u0131n \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II asit \u2013 baz tepkimelerindeki tesir de\u011ferlikleri bir form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn verebi- lece\u011fi OH\u2013 iyonu say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Baz\u0131 asitlerin asit - baz tepkimelerindeki tesir de\u011ferlikleri Formul\u00fc Tesir De\u011ferlili\u011fi HCl 1 H2SO4 2 CH3COOH 1 1 NaOH NH3 1 E\u015fde\u011fer K\u00fctle Bir maddenin (atom, molek\u00fcl 2.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenleri verilen sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- 5.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de pH = 1 olan 400 mL\u2019lik HCl veya iyonik bile\u015fik) mol k\u00fctlesinin \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine pH = 12 olan NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zelti- tesir de\u011ferine b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. tiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hangisinde n\u00f6tr- le\u015fme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez? sinden ka\u00e7 litre eklenirse kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n pH E\u015fde\u011fer K\u00fctle = MA de\u011feri 7 olur? z \t A) \tHCOOH - KOH \t B) \tHCN - NaOH \t A) 0,5\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 2\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 8 \t C) \tNH3 \u2013 Mg(OH)2 E\u015fde\u011fer Say\u0131s\u0131 \t D) \tH2SO4 - Ca(OH)2 \t E) \tHNO3 - NH3 Bir maddenin (atom, molek\u00fcl veya iyonik bile\u015fik) k\u00fctlesinin, e\u015f- de\u011fer k\u00fctlesine b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. E\u015fde\u011fer Say\u0131s\u0131 = K\u00fctle E\u015fde\u011fer k\u00fctle Deri\u015fimi, hacmi ve tesir de\u011ferli\u011fi bilinen bir maddenin e\u015fde\u011fer sa- y\u0131s\u0131, E\u015fde\u011fer Say\u0131s\u0131 = M\u2006.\u2006V\u2006.\u2006z (V(L), M\u2006(mol\u2006.\u2006L\u22121)) form\u00fcl\u00fcyle bulunabilir. 3.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bulunan 0,2M 500 6.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 0,01M HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile e\u015fit ha- \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 mL\u2019lik HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ka\u00e7 gram KOH cimde 0,03 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. eklenirse olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri 7 \t Buna g\u00f6re, olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pOH de- olur? (K:39, O:16, H:1) \u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t A) 2,8\u2001 B) 5,6\u2001 C) 8,4\u2001 D) 11,2\u2001 E) 14 \t A) 12\u2001 B) 8\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 2 1.E 2.C 3.B 4.E 5.D 6.E 163 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","N\u00d6TRLE\u015eME Test \/ 12 a.\tKuvvetli asidin e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131 7.\t pH\u2019si 1 olan 5 L\u2019lik HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ha- 10.\t I.\t 0,1 mol HCl \u2013 0,1 mol KOH cim de\u011fi\u015fmeden ka\u00e7 gram NaOH kat\u0131s\u0131 ile kuvvetli baz\u0131n e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131 \t II.\t 0,05 mol H2SO4 \u2013 0,05 mol NaOH e\u015fit ise (e\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131nda) eklenirse kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n pOH de\u011feri 1 olur? \t III.\t 0,2 mol NH3 \u2013 0,2 mol NaOH asidin H+ iyonu baz\u0131n OH\u2013iyo- \t (Na:23, O:16, H:1) \t Yukar\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen t\u00fcr\u00fc ve mol say\u0131s\u0131 nu ile tamamen n\u00f6trle\u015fir. Yani verilen sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hangilerinin 25 \u00b0C de pH de\u011feri 7 olur? ortamda ne asitten gelen H+ ve ne de bazdan gelen OH\u2013 kal\u0131r. \t A) 0,4\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 8\u2001 D) 20\u2001 E) 40 Bu durumda ortam n\u00f6traldir ve pH = 7\u2019dir. Bu t\u00fcr n\u00f6trle\u015fme olaylar\u0131na tam n\u00f6trle\u015fme denir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II Bu noktaya e\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t N\u00f6trle\u015fme olaylar\u0131nda net iyon denklemi; \t H+(suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \u2192 H2O(s) \tnH+ = nOH\u2013 Ma . Va . z = Mb . Vb . z b.\tKuvvetli asidin e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131 kuvvetli baz\u0131n e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131n- dan fazla ise ortamda asitten gelen H+ iyonu bulunaca\u011f\u0131ndan 8.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de pH\u2019si 1 olan 400 mL\u2019lik HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zelti asidiktir. 11.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de e\u015fit hacim ve deri\u015fimde haz\u0131r- \t N\u00f6trle\u015fme olaylar\u0131nda net iyon \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine x gram KOH 0,4 gram NaOH lanan CH3COOH ve HCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri i\u00e7in, denklemi; kat\u0131s\u0131 eklendi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri 7 \t I.\t Artans\u0131z tepkimeye girmeleri i\u00e7in gere- \t H(+suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \u2192H2O(s) olmaktad\u0131r. ken KOH miktar\u0131 \tnH+ > nOH\u2013 \t II.\t pH de\u011feri, \t Buna g\u00f6re, x de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t III.\t \u0130yonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi, \t (K:39, O:16, H:1) \t IV.\t Ksu de\u011feri \t V.\t Asitlik sabiti (Ka) [H+] = nH+ \u2013 nOH\u2013 \t A) 0,56\u2001 B) 1,12\u2001 C) 1,68 \t niceliklerinden ka\u00e7 tanesi ayn\u0131d\u0131r? VT \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile H+ iyon deri\u015fimi \t \u2001 D) 2,24\u2001 E) 4,48\u2001 bulunur. c.\tKuvvetli baz\u0131n e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131 kuvvetli asidin e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131n- dan fazla ise ortamda bazdan gelen OH\u2013 iyonu bulunaca\u011f\u0131n- dan \u00e7\u00f6zelti baziktir. \t N\u00f6trle\u015fme olaylar\u0131nda net iyon denklemi; \t H(+suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \u2192 H2O(s) \tnOH\u2013 > nH+ [OH\u2013] = nOH\u2013 \u2013 nH+ VT \t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi bulunur. 9.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 0,4 M 200 mL\u2019lik HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 12.\t Oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda 0,74 gram X(OH)2 ile ile 0,05 M 300 mL\u2019lik Ba(OH)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ka- 0,1 M 200 mL\u2019lik HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131- r\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u011f\u0131nda ortam\u0131n pH de\u011feri 7 oluyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, X\u2019in atom k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t Buna g\u00f6re olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri \t (O:16, H:1) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t A) 23\u2001 B) 39\u2001 C) 40\u2001 D) 56\u2001 E) 60 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t A) 13\u2001 B) 11\u2001 C) 9\u2001 D) 3\u2001 E) 1 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 164 7.E 8.C 9.E 10.A 11.B 12.C","TAMPON \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE H\u0130DROL\u0130Z Test \/ 13 1.\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili; 4.\t I.\t 0,2 mol HNO3 - 0,3 mol NaOH Tampon \u00c7\u00f6zelti ve Hidroliz \t I.\t pH de\u011fi\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren \t II.\t 0,2 mol HF - 0,1 mol KOH Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti, zay\u0131f asit ve za- \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerdir. y\u0131f asit tuzu ya da zay\u0131f baz ve \t III.\t 0,5 mol H2SO4 - 0,5 mol NH3 \t II.\t Kimyasal ve biyolojik olaylarda \u00f6nemli zay\u0131f baz tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. Her bir yer tutarlar. iki bile\u015fen de ortamda mevcut ol- \t III.\t Zay\u0131f konjuge asit - baz \u00e7iftlerini i\u00e7erir- \t Yukar\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen t\u00fcr\u00fc ve mol say\u0131lar\u0131 mal\u0131d\u0131r. ler. verilen \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00e7iftlerinden hangileri ka- Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler, konjuge asit- r\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edilir? baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7erdi\u011finden bu \u00e7\u00f6- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? zeltilere az miktarda asit ya da \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi eklendi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zelti ortam\u0131nda H+ iyonu deri\u015fiminin \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 de\u011fi\u015fimine diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterme ye- tene\u011fine sahiptir. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6zelti pH\u2019sinin de\u011fi\u015fimine diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren bu t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti denir. Tampon \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin \u00d6zellikleri 2.\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili; \u2022\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere belirli mik- \t I.\t V\u00fccudumuzda da tampon sistemleri 5.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 0,2 mol CH3COOH i\u00e7eren sulu tara kadar asit veya baz ek- vard\u0131r. \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile 0,3 mol NaOH i\u00e7eren sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti lendi\u011finde pH de\u011fi\u015fimi ihmal \t II.\t pH de\u011ferleri her zaman 7\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck- edilecek kadar azd\u0131r. t\u00fcr. kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u2022\t Zay\u0131f asit ve zay\u0131f asit tuzu- \t III.\t End\u00fcstride bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \t Buna g\u00f6re; nun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ya da zay\u0131f baz \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t I.\t N\u00f6trle\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. ve zay\u0131f baz tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t II.\t Olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir. tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir. \u2022\t Bir zay\u0131f asit ve onun tuzunun \t III.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide [H+].[OH\u2013] = 10\u201314 t\u00fcr. kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 asidik tampondur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t (pH < 7). \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u2022\t Bir zay\u0131f baz ve onun tuzunun \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bazik tampondur. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t (pH > 7). \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki asit, ekle- nen baz\u0131 n\u00f6tralle\u015ftirir. \u2022\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki baz, ekle- nen asidi n\u00f6tralle\u015ftirir. NOT: V\u00fccudumuzdaki kan da bir tampondur. 3.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de HCOOH sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine bir mik- 6.\t I.\t HCN - KCN tar HCOOK tuzu ilave ediliyor. \t II.\t HCl - NaCl \t Buna g\u00f6re; \t III.\t NH3 - NH4Cl \t I.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide pH + pOH = 14\u2019t\u00fcr. \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenleri verilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden han- \t II.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti asidik tampondur. gileri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edilir? \t III.\t Ba\u015flang\u0131ca g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pOH de\u011feri azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.B 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.C 165 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","TAMPON \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER VE H\u0130DROL\u0130Z Test \/ 13 Hidroliz 7.\t I.\t KF 10.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 0,2 M HF \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile 0,2 M NH3 Bir kuvvetli asit ve bir zay\u0131f baz \t II.\t NaCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi e\u015fit hacimlerde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. e\u015fde\u011fer miktarda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n- \t III.\t NH4Br \t Buna g\u00f6re, da olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m asidiktir. Yani \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tuzlardan hangileri \t I.\t Tam n\u00f6trle\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. pH < 7\u2019dir. \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti elektrolittir. \t III.\t Olu\u015fan tuzun hem anyonu hem katyo- \u00d6rne\u011fin, 0,1 M HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisiyle 0,1 M \t hidrolize u\u011frar? NH3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri e\u015fde\u011fer miktarda- (HF: Zay\u0131f asit, HCl, HBr: Kuvvetli asit, nu hidrolize u\u011frar. d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, NH3: Zay\u0131f baz, NaOH, KOH: Kuvvetli baz) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (HF: Zay\u0131f asit, NH3: Zay\u0131f baz) HCl(suda) + NH3(suda) \u2192 NH4Cl(k) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II kuvvetli zay\u0131f asidik \t D) I ve II \t E) I, II ve III asit baz tuz Olu\u015fan tuz suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) I,II ve III\u2001 NH4CI(suda) \u2192 NH4+(suda)+Cl\u2013(suda) ta\u015feespkidkliiinmodleeasniiyNvoeHnr4+liar\u015fiy\u0131vroe.nuNorHstu3a\u2019ym\u00fclnadahei\u015fdHler3onOliikz+ iyonu olu\u015fur. Bu nedenle pH < 7 olur ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m n\u00f6tral de\u011fil asidiktir. NH4+(suda) + H2O \u2006\u0192\u2006 NH3(suda) + H3O+(suda) 8.\t 0,2 molar HF \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile 0,2 molar NaOH Bir kuvvetli baz ve bir zay\u0131f asit 11.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tuzlardan hangisinin 25 \u00b0C\u2019de e\u015fde\u011fer miktarda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi e\u015fit hacimlerde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. 1 molarl\u0131k sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH de\u011feri olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m baziktir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, 7\u2019dir? Yani pH > 7\u2019dir. \t I.\t Tepkime artans\u0131z ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t II.\t Olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de pH de\u011feri \t A) NaF\t \t B) CH3COONa 7\u2019dir. 0,1 M CH3COOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisiyle 0,1 M \t \t C) NH4Br\t \t D) KCl NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri e\u015fde\u011fer miktar- \t III.\t F\u2013 iyonu hidrolize u\u011frar. dad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n- \t E) KCN da, yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? CH3COOH(suda) + NaOH(suda) \u2192 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t Zay\u0131f asit Kuvvetli baz CH3COONa(suda\u200a)\u200a\u200a + H2O(s) \t D) I ve III \t E) II ve III Bazik tuz Olu\u015fan tuz suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, CH3COONa(suda) \u2192 Na+(suda)+ CH3COO(\u2013suda) 12.\t CH3COONa tuzu, zay\u0131f asit olan CH3COOH \u015feklinde iyonla\u015f\u0131r. ile kuvvetli bir baz olan NaOH tepkimesin- den elde edilir. CkCiHHm33eCCsOOiOOv\u2013He\u2019r\u00fciiyrnovneue\u015foslruetnyailmak dhaibdaOrozHl\u0131i\u2013ziyotoelanpnu- \t Buna g\u00f6re, CH3COONa tuzunun sulu olu\u015fur. Bu nedenle pH\u2006>\u20067 olur ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7in; kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m n\u00f6tral de\u011fil baziktir. 9.\t I.\t NH4Cl \t I.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de pH < 7\u2019dir. CH3COO(\u2013suda)\u2006+\u2006H2O(s) \u0192 \t II.\t KF \t II.\t Tuzun anyonu, CH3COOH(suda)\u2006+\u2006OH(\u2013suda) \t \t \t CH3COO(\u2013suda) + H2O(s) \u0192 III.\t CH3COONa \t \t CH3COOH(suda) + OH(\u2013suda) \t \t denklemine g\u00f6re hidrolize u\u011frar. \t Verilen tuzlardan hangilerinin katyonu hidrolize u\u011frar? \t III.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektrolittir. \t (HF, CH3COOH: Zay\u0131f asit, NH3: Zay\u0131f \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? baz) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 166 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.E 11.D 12.A","T\u0130TRASYON Test \/ 14 1.\t I. D\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 a.\t Bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin ba\u015f- 4.\t pH Titrasyon ka bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile Deri\u015fimi bilinmeyen bir asit veya kontroll\u00fc olarak ka- baz\u0131n deri\u015fiminin tespiti i\u00e7in n\u00f6t- 7 ralle\u015fme tepkimeleri kullan\u0131labi- r\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015f- turulan etkile\u015fim lir. Bu tip i\u015flemlere titrasyon ad\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1 verilir. Titrasyon i\u015fleminin yap\u0131l- mas\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle asit ile baz\u0131n II. Titrasyon b.\t Kimyasal tepkime- 400 Eklenen baz e\u015fde\u011fer noktada renk de\u011fi\u015ftiren lerde reaktiflerin hacmi (mL) ve reaksiyonun e\u015fde\u011fer noktaya tamamen t\u00fckendi\u011fi geldi\u011fine dair bilgi sa\u011flayan indi- noktad\u0131r. \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 400 mL HNO3 sulu \u00e7\u00f6- kat\u00f6r adl\u0131 madde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye dam- zeltisi ile iki de\u011ferlikli kuvvetli bir baz \u00e7\u00f6- lat\u0131l\u0131r. III. E\u015fde\u011ferlik c.\t Titrasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda zeltisine ait titrasyon grafi\u011fi yukar\u0131daki gi- En bilinen indikat\u00f6r olan turnusol \t noktas\u0131 indikat\u00f6r\u00fcn renk ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131, pH 7\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funda de\u011fi\u015ftirme an\u0131d\u0131r. bidir. k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funda mavi \t Yukar\u0131daki terimlerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ile \t Buna g\u00f6re, kullan\u0131lan baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin renk al\u0131r. e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangi- sinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? Titrasyon esnas\u0131nda indikat\u00f6r\u00fcn renk de\u011fi\u015fiminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi an- \t A) 0,01 B) 0,05 C) 0,50 D) 0,75 E) 1,0 daki veriler, \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin deri\u015fim hesab\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \t A) I - a\u2001 B) I - b\u2001 C) I - c II - b II - c II - a Titrasyonlarda, III - c III - a III - b 5.\t Yandaki grafik pH Ma . Va . Td = Mb . Vb . Td \t\u2001 D) I - b\u2001 E) I - c\u2001 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. II - a II - b oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda III - c III - a 100 mL HCl \u00e7\u00f6- 7 zeltisinin NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile tit- 1 rasyon e\u011frisidir. 2.\t \u0130ndikat\u00f6rlerle ilgili; \t Buna g\u00f6re, 100 Eklenen baz Soru: hacmi (mL) \t I.\t Asit - baz indikat\u00f6r\u00fc genelde su veya X M 100 mL HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 200 mL etanol i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6zelti olarak haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. \t I.\t N\u00f6tr \u00e7\u00f6zelti 200 mL\u2019dir. 0,1 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile titre edil- \t II.\t Titrasyonda kullan\u0131lan asit ve bazlar\u0131n kuvvetine g\u00f6re uygun indikat\u00f6r se\u00e7ilir. \t II.\t N\u00f6tr \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi eklendi- di\u011finde e\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131na ula- \u011finde ortam bazik olur \u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \t III.\t Baz\u0131 indikat\u00f6rler asidik ortamda renk- sizdirler. HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 \t III.\t Eklenen NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH de\u011feri M\u2019dir? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 13\u2019t\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Ma . Va . Td = Mb . Vb . Td X\u200a.\u200a\u200a1\u200a00\u200a.\u200a\u200a1\u200a = 0,1.200.1 3.\t pH 6.\t pH X = 0,2 M HCI deri\u015fimi 0,2 M\u2019dir. 7 12 400 Eklenen baz 7 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 hacmi (mL) Eklenen asit \t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de X M, 400 mL\u2019lik HCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi V hacmi (mL) ile 0,02 M 100 mL Ca(OH)2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin titrasyonuna ait grafik yukar\u0131daki gibidir. \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki 200 mL NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile 0,2 M HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ait titrasyon grafi- \t Buna g\u00f6re, kullan\u0131lan HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin \u011fi \u015fekildeki gibidir. ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta pH de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t Buna g\u00f6re grafikteki V de\u011feri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 6\u2001 E) 12 kilerden hangisidir? 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.B 5.E 6.A \t A) 10\u2001 B) 20\u2001 C) 40\u2001 D) 100\u2001 E) 200 167 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","T\u0130TRASYON Test \/ 14 Bir titrasyon i\u015flemi pH metre ya 7.\t Bir indikat\u00f6r olan bromtimol mavisi asi- 10.\t pH da indikat\u00f6rle izlenebilir. \u00c7\u00f6zel- 13 tilerde H+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n deri\u015fimine dik ortamda sar\u0131, bazik ortamda mavi ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak renk de\u011fi\u015ftiren or- n\u00f6tr ortamda ye\u015fil renk vermektedir. 0,2\u2006M 7 ganik boyar maddelere indikat\u00f6r 50mL HCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin \u00fczerine yava\u015f veya ay\u0131ra\u00e7 ad\u0131 verilir. \u0130ndikat\u00f6rler yava\u015f 0,1\u2006M Ca(OH)2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi damla- 1 zay\u0131f baz ya da zay\u0131f asit \u00f6zelli\u011fi t\u0131larak titre ediliyor. g\u00f6sterir. Organik boyar maddele- rin indikat\u00f6r olarak kullan\u0131labil- \t Buna g\u00f6re, Ca(OH)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden a\u015fa- V1 V2 Eklenen baz mesi i\u00e7in renk de\u011fi\u015fiminin dar bir \u011f\u0131daki miktarlar eklenince bromtimol hacmi (mL) pH aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130ndi- mavisi hangi renklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr? kat\u00f6rler asit ve baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin \t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 300 mL HCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin 0,2 M pH\u2019sinin belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \t \t \t \t 30 mL 50 mL NaOH sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile titre edilmesine ait Asit baz tepkimesi sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda grafik \u015fekildeki gibidir. indikat\u00f6r renk de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t \t \t\t Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 indikat\u00f6r olarak kullan\u0131lan fenolf- \t Buna g\u00f6re, V2 ka\u00e7 mL\u2019dir? talein asidik ortamda renksiz, ba- \t\t _B_a_\u015f_la_n_g_\u0131_\u00e7\t\t e_k_l_e_n_in_c_e _ e_k_l_e_n_in_c_e__ zik ortamda pembe renk olu\u015fturur. \t A) \tSar\u0131\t Sar\u0131\t Ye\u015fil \t A) 150\u2001 B) 300\u2001 C) 450\u2001 D) 600\u2001 E) 900 \t B) \tMavi\t Mavi\t Sar\u0131 \t C) \tSar\u0131\t Sar\u0131\t Sar\u0131 \t D) \tMavi\t Mavi\t Ye\u015fil \t E)\u2009 \tSar\u0131\t Ye\u015fil\t Mavi 11.\t pH 8.\t 25 \u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 0,1 M 50 mL HCl \u00e7\u00f6zelti- 13 7 sine 0,5 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi azar azar ekle- nerek titre ediliyor. 1 Eklenen baz V1 V2 hacmi (mL) \t Buna g\u00f6re, eklenen baz\u0131n hacmi ile pH de- \u011fi\u015fimi grafi\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? A) pH B) pH \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 200 mL\u2019lik HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zel- tisinin 0,2 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile titrasyonu 13 7 sonucu olu\u015fan grafik yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. 7 1 \t Buna g\u00f6re; Titrasyon d\u00fczene\u011fi 50 Eklenen baz 10 Eklenen baz \t I.\t V1 = 100 mL\u2019dir. pH hacmi (mL) hacmi (mL) \t II.\t E\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti hacmi C) pH Eklenen asit D) pH 300 mL\u2019dir. hacmi (mL) 13 \t III.\t V1 + V2 = 400 mL\u2019dir. Kuvvetli baz\u0131n kuvvetli asit ile tit- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? rasyonda pH de\u011fi\u015fimi 7 pH 7 1 100 Eklenen baz \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II hacmi (mL) 10 Eklenen baz \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 hacmi (mL) E) pH 7 2 12.\t pH 50 Eklenen baz 13 hacmi (mL) 7 9.\t I.\t 0,1 M 200 mL HCl x 100 300 \t II.\t 0,2 M 100 mL H2SO4 Eklenen asit \t III.\t 0,5 M 400 mL NaOH hacmi (mL) \t Eklenen baz Verilen maddelerin n\u00f6trle\u015fme tepkime- \t \u015eekildeki grafik oda \u015fartlar\u0131nda 0,1 M KOH hacmi (mL) lerine ait e\u015fde\u011fer say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f- \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin 0,1 M HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile titrasyo- t\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde nuna aittir. Kuvvetli asidin kuvvetli baz ile tit- do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? rasyonunda pH de\u011fi\u015fimi \t Buna g\u00f6re, x de\u011feri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? (log5 = 0,7) \t A) I > II > III\u2001 B) II > I > III\u2001 C) III > II > I \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) II > III > I\u2001 E)\u2009 III > I > II\u2001 \t A) 0,3\u2001 B) 0,7\u2001 C) 1,3\u2001 D) 1,7\u2001 E) 12,7 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 168 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.C","AS\u0130T - BAZ DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 15 1.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de HX kuvvetli asitinin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi- 4.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangisi- nin pH\u2019si 1\u2019dir. nin 0,1 M sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH de\u011feri 1 Soru: \t Buna g\u00f6re, dir? 50 mL HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin fenolftalein \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltide [X\u2013] = 1 molard\u0131r. \t A) HF\u2001 B) HCOOH\u2001 indikat\u00f6r\u00fc yan\u0131nda 0,20\u2006M NaOH \t II.\t X elementi halojen ise 17Cl olabilir. C) HCN \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile titrasyonunda, indi- \t III.\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye Mg(k) at\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin \t\u2001 D) CH3COOH\u2001 E) HNO3\u2001 kat\u00f6r\u00fcn rengi de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi anda 40 pH de\u011feri artar. mL baz harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleniyor. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mo- lard\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: HCI(suda) + NaOH(suda) \u2192 NaCI(suda) + H2O(s) 5.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 asitlere ait 25\u2006\u00b0C de asitlik Tam n\u00f6tralle\u015fmenin oldu\u011fu anda sabitleri (Ka) verilmi\u015ftir. 2.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tuzlardan hangisinin hidroli- MAVATdA = MBVBTdB olur. HCl ve NaOH i\u00e7in tesir de\u011feri 1\u2019dir. ze u\u011frayan iyonu yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? \t\t _ _ _ A__si_t _ _ _ \t\t\t\t _K_a_d_e_\u011f_e_r_i MA. 50 . 1 = 0,20 . 40 . 1 M \t CH3COOH\t \t 1,8.10\u20134 MA= 0,16 M \t\t Tuz \t \u0130yon \t HF\t \t \t 6,6.10\u20134 CN\u2013 \t A)\t KCN\t \t F\u2013 \t HCN\t \t 6,2.10\u201310 Na+ \t B)\t NaF\t \t NH4+ \t Buna g\u00f6re, NO2\u2013 \t C)\t CH3COONa\t \t I.\t pKa de\u011feri en b\u00fcy\u00fck HCN asitidir. \t D)\t NH4Br\t \t \t E)\t NaNO2\t \t \t II.\t E\u015fit deri\u015fimli sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde pH de- \u011feri en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck HF asitidir. \t III.\t Konjuge bazlar\u0131n\u0131n bazl\u0131k kuvveti en Soru: b\u00fcy\u00fck CH3COOH asitidir. 50 mL KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin fenolftalein \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? indikat\u00f6r\u00fc yan\u0131nda 0,2 M HCI \u00e7\u00f6- zeltisi ile titrasyonunda, indika- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II t\u00f6r\u00fcn rengi de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi anda 100 3.\t \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 mL asit harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleniyor. KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? pH = 1 [OH\u2212]=10\u221212 pH = 14 I II III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t 25 \u00b0C\u2019deki sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilere sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta HCI(suda) + KOH(suda) \u2192 bir miktar saf su ilave ediliyor. KCI(suda) + H2O(s) \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin pH de\u011ferlerinin Tam n\u00f6tralle\u015fmenin oldu\u011fu anda de\u011fi\u015fimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? MA\u200a.\u200a\u200aV\u200a A\u200a.\u200a\u200aT\u200a dA = MB\u200a.\u200a\u200aV\u200a B\u200a.\u200a\u200aT\u200a dB olur. \t\t I II III 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen tepkimelerden hangi- HCI i\u00e7in tesir de\u011feri 1 ve KOH i\u00e7in \t A)\t Artar\t Azal\u0131r\t Artar sinde farkl\u0131 bir gaz a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar? tesir de\u011feri 1\u2019dir. 0,2 . 100 . 1 = MB. 50. 1 \t A) \tNa(k) + HF(suda) \u00ae MB = 0,4 M \t B) \tArtar\t Artar\t Azal\u0131r \t B) \tMg(k) + H2SO4(suda) \u00ae \t C) \tAl(k) + HNO3(suda) \u00ae \t C) \tAzal\u0131r\t Azal\u0131r\t Artar \t D) \tCu(k) + HNO3(suda) \u00ae \t E) \tZn(k) + H2SO4(suda) \u00ae \t D) \tAzal\u0131r\t Artar\t Artar \t E) \tArtar\t Artar\t Artar \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.E 5.C 6.D 169 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","AS\u0130T - BAZ DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 15 7.\t Zay\u0131f bir asit olan HF asitinin 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 10.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki asitlerden hangisinin konju- Soru: 0,1 M ve 1 M\u2019l\u0131k sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri i\u00e7in; ge baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? pH \t I.\t pH de\u011feri \t Asit \t\t Konjuge baz\u0131 12 \t II.\t \u0130yonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi \t A) \tHIO3\t IO3\u2013 7 \t III.\t Asitlik sabiti \t B) \tHCN\t CN\u2013 \t niceliklerinden hangileri e\u015fittir? \t C) \tHCOOH\t HCOO\u2013 1 \t D) \tCH3COOH\t CH3CO\u2013 \t E) \tHF\t F\u2013 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III 0 50 V Eklenen baz hacmi (mL) \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunan 0,1 mo- larl\u0131k bir de\u011ferli kuvvetli bir asi- din 0,4 molar deri\u015fimli bir de\u011ferli kuvvetli bazla titrasyonuna ili\u015fkin grafik yukar\u0131daki gibidir. Buna g\u00f6re, I.\tBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 200 mililitredir. II.\tN\u00f6tr \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pOH de\u011ferini 2 yapmak i\u00e7in V mililitre baz eklenmelidir. III.\tE\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti 8.\t Ca(k) + 2HCl(suda) \u00ae CaCl2(suda) + H2(g) hacmi 250 mililitredir. \t Tepkimesinde pH = 0 olan 400 mL\u2019lik HCl yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda Ca(k) metali 11.\t 0,02 M 2 L\u2019lik HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine ka\u00e7 gram A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z III at\u0131l\u0131yor. NaOH ilave edilirse \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri 12 olur? (NaOH = 40, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnenden kay- C) I ve III\t\t D) II ve III \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan H2 gaz\u0131 N\u015eA\u2019da naklanan hacim de\u011fi\u015fimi ihmal edilecek.) ka\u00e7 litre hacim kaplar? E) I, II ve III \t A) 24\u2001 B) 12\u2001 C) 7,2\u2001 D) 2,4\u2001 E) 1,2 \t A) 4,48\u2001 B) 5,6\u2001 C) 11,2\u2001 D) 22,4\u2001 E) 44,8 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: N\u00f6tr \u00e7\u00f6zeltide nH+ = nOH\u2013 dir. 9.\t HOCl ve HOBr oksi asitlerinin 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 12.\t HIO3(s) + H2O(s) \u0192 H3O(s) + IO\u20133(suda) MAVATdA = MBVBTdB e\u015fit hacimli ve e\u015fit deri\u015fimli sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t Yukar\u0131da HIO3 bile\u015fi\u011finin suda iyonla\u015fma- tileri i\u00e7in, s\u0131 denklemi verilmi\u015ftir. 0,1.VA.1 = 0,4.1.50 VA = 200 mL III. E\u015fde\u011ferlik noktas\u0131nda\t \t I.\t Asitlik sabiti (Ka) HOBr\u2019nin daha b\u00fc- \t Buna g\u00f6re, (n\u00f6trle\u015fme an\u0131nda) y\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t I.\t IO3\u2013 bazik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \t II.\t HIO3 ile IO3\u2013 birbirinin e\u015fleni\u011fidir. 200\u2006+\u200650 = 250 mL dir. \t III.\t H2O bazik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? II. Grafi\u011fe g\u00f6re n\u00f6tr \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile pOH de\u011ferinin 2, yani pH de\u011ferinin 12 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in V\u2006\u2212\u200650 mL baz eklen- melidir. Cevap: C \t II.\t pH(HOBr) > pH(HOCl) dir. \t III.\t Tamamen n\u00f6trle\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in gereken NaOH(k) miktarlar\u0131 e\u015fittir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t \u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III \u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 170 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.D 12.E","AS\u0130T - BAZ DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 16 1. 4.\t XY tuzu suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hidroliz ol- Soru: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121314 maktad\u0131r. \t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin ba- \t Buna g\u00f6re; I. HF\/NaF z\u0131lar\u0131 yukar\u0131daki cetvelde i\u015faretlenmi\u015ftir. \t I.\t Tuzu olu\u015fturan asit veya bazdan en az II. CH3COOH\/CH3COONa \t I.\t 0,1 M HCl III. HCI\/NaCl \t II.\t 0,1 M KOH biri zay\u0131ft\u0131r. \t III.\t 0,01 M NaOH Yukar\u0131da verilen bile\u015fik \u00e7iftlerin- \t IV.\t 1 M HNO3 \t II.\t XY tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektrolittir. den hangileri tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015f- \t V.\t 0,1 M HF \t Buna g\u00f6re hangi \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri \t III.\t XY tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde pH > 7 turur? cetvelde i\u015faretlenmemi\u015ftir? ise tuzun anyonu hidrolize u\u011fram\u0131\u015f A) Yaln\u0131z I \t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t (HF i\u00e7in Ka = 10\u20137) olabilir. D) I ve II C) Yaln\u0131z III\t \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? E) I, II ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti, zay\u0131f asit ve za- y\u0131f asit tuzu ya da zay\u0131f baz ve zay\u0131f baz tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. Her iki bile\u015fen de ortamda mevcut ol- mal\u0131d\u0131r. HF: Zay\u0131f asit NaF: Zay\u0131f asitin tuzu (Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti) CH3COOH: Zay\u0131f asit 5.\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 0,2 M HX zay\u0131f asitinin sulu \u00e7\u00f6- CH3COONa: Zay\u0131f asitin tuzu 2.\t Asit ve bazlarla ilgili; zeltisinin pH = 4 t\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6zel- (Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti) tiye hacmi 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya kadar saf su \t I.\t Bazlar\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri amfoter metal- ilave ediliyor. HCI:Kuvvetli asit NaCI:N\u00f6tr tuz lerle H2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. (Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti de\u011fildir) \t II.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta zay\u0131f asitlerin saf su- \t Buna g\u00f6re, Cevap: D daki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kuvvetli asitlerin saf sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha azd\u0131r. \t I.\t [H+] = 10-4 M olur. \t III.\t Suda % 100 iyonla\u015fan asitler kuvvetli- 2 dir. \t II.\t Elektrik iletkenli\u011fi azal\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- rudur? \t III.\t HX asitinin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi artar. Soru: \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u2022 Tuz ruhu \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 \u2022 \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r suyu C) I ve II \u2022 Sabun \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022 Gazoz \u2022 Sirke Yukar\u0131dan verilen maddelerden ka\u00e7 tanesi asidik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir? A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 3.\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili; 6.\t I.\t 0,5 M 1 L HCl \u2013 1 M 0,5 L KOH \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t I.\t Canl\u0131 organizmalar i\u00e7in son derece \t II.\t 0,1 M 2 L H2SO4 \u2013 0,4 M 1 L NaOH Tuz ruhu \u2192 Asidik \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r suyu \u2192 Bazik \t II.\t Az miktarda asit veya baz ilave edildi- \t III.\t 0,2 M 3 L NH3 \u2013 0,3 M 2 L HCl Sabun \u2192 Bazik \u011finde pH de\u011fi\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7lidir. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131- Gazoz \u2192 Asidik \t III.\t Kuvvetli asit tuzu ve kuvvetli bazdan \u011f\u0131nda hangilerinde olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin Sirke \u2192 Asidik olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. 25 \u00b0C de pH de\u011feri 7 olur? Cevap: C \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E)\u2009 I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.E 5.D 6.C 171 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","AS\u0130T - BAZ DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 16 7.\t K\u00fctlece % 20 lik ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,2 g\/mL 10.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de 0,01 M NaOH sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile Soru: olan 500 mL\u2019lik NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini n\u00f6tr- 0,03 M HCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi e\u015fit hacimlerde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. I. NaCN le\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in 0,2 M l\u0131k H2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zelti- \t Buna g\u00f6re olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pOH de\u011fe- II. NaCl sinden ka\u00e7 L gereklidir? ri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? III. NH4CI \t (Na:23, O:16, H:1) \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 7\u2001 D) 12\u2001 E) 14 25 \u00b0C\u2019de yukar\u0131daki tuzlar\u0131 ile ha- A) 1,5\u2001 B) 3\u2001 C) 3,5\u2001 D) 6,5\u2001 E) 7,5 z\u0131rlanan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden hangi- \t lerinde pH > 7 olur? A) Yaln\u0131z I \t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) Yaln\u0131z III\t D) I ve III E) I, II ve III 8.\t HCI(suda) Na(k) H2O(s) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: NaCN tuzu HCN zay\u0131f asiti ile NH3(suda) H2O(s) NaCI(suda) 11.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 asit baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin molari- NaOH kuvvetli baz\u0131n\u0131n tepkimesi sonucu olu\u015fur. NaCN tuzunun sulu teleri ve pH de\u011ferleri verilmi\u015ftir. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi bazik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, hangi \u00e7\u00f6zelti zay\u0131f asit ya da (pH > 7 olur.) \t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de bulunan kaplara \u00fczerinde ve- baz \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir? rilen maddeler eklendi\u011finde kaplardaki NaCl tuzu NaOH kuvvetli baz\u0131 ile pH de\u011feri nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fir? \t \u00c7\u00f6zelti\t Molarite\t pH HCI kuvvetli asitinin tepkimesi 0 sonucu olu\u015fur. NaCI tuzunun sulu \t I \t II \t III \t A) \t\t X\t 1\t 13 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi n\u00f6tr \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \t A) Artar\t Artar\t De\u011fi\u015fmez 2 \t B) Azal\u0131r\t De\u011fi\u015fmez\t De\u011fi\u015fmez \t B) \t \t Y\t 0,1\t 11 (pH = 7\u2019dir.) \t C) Azal\u0131r\t Artar\t Artar 9 \t C) \t\t Z\t 0,01\t \t D) \t\t T\t 0,001\t D) Artar\t De\u011fi\u015fmez\t Azal\u0131r \t E) \t\t \u200aL\t 0,01\t \t E) Azal\u0131r\t Artar\t De\u011fi\u015fmez NH4CI tuzu HCI kuvvetli asiti ile NH3 zay\u0131f baz\u0131n\u0131n tepkimesi so- nucu olu\u015fur. NH4CI tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi asidik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. (pH < 7 olur.) Cevap: A 9.\t I.\t SO3(g) 12.\t Kuvvetli asitlerin 25\u2006\u00b0C deki sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t II.\t NH3(g) tileri i\u00e7in; \t I.\t OH\u2013 iyonu i\u00e7ermezler. \t III.\t N2O5(g) \t II.\t pH < pOH\u2019dir. \t IV.\t Na2O(k) \t III.\t pH = 0 olabilir. \t V.\t CO(g) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Yukar\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangileri- nin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi sonucu olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II zeltilerin 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de pH de\u011feri 7\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck olur? \t A) I ve III\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) III ve IV \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t\u2001 D) II ve IV\u2001 E) I, III ve V\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 172 7.E 8.E 9.D 10.D 11.E 12.E","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 17 1.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen FeCl3 4.\t Baz\u0131 kat\u0131lar kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan doy- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck Dengesi gun \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yap\u0131lan Kimyasal tepkimelerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6zel- tuzu kullan\u0131larak doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131- do\u011fru (D), yanl\u0131\u015f (Y) de\u011ferlendirmele- ti ortam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc yor. rinden hangisi hatal\u0131d\u0131r? olarak da genellikle su kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130fade DY KNO3, NH4CI, NaF gibi baz\u0131 iyo- nik bile\u015fikler suda iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken, A) AgCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde Ag+ iyon AgBr, FeCI3\u200a\u200a, CuI2 gibi baz\u0131 iyonik bile\u015fikler suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Fe3+ Cl\u2013 deri\u015fimi Cl\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi- \u2713 Su ne e\u015fittir. \t (1) FeCl3(k) B) MgSO4\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denk- Ag+ CI\u2212 (2) lemi, AgCI(k) \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- M g S O \u0192 M g 2+ + \u2713 gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (s 4(k ) uda ) SO42\u2013(suda) \u015feklindedir. \t A)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi C) NiCl2 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7ar- \u2713 AgCI gibi suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen iyo- \t \t FeCl3(k) \u0192 Fe3(s+uda) + 3Cl(\u2013suda) p\u0131m\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, nik bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilece\u011finden \t \t \u015feklindedir. K\u00e7\u00e7 = [Ni2+]2.[Cl\u2013] fazlas\u0131 suya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015feklindedir. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme- \t B)\t 1 durumunda s\u0131v\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar. den kal\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 D) Ca3(PO4)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde olan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edilir. Bu \t C)\t 2 durumunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ve \u00e7\u00f6kelme Ca2+ iyon deri\u015fimi s M ise \u2713 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ve \u00e7\u00f6kelme durmu\u015ftur. olaylar\u0131 devam eder. K\u00e7\u00e7 108s5 tir. \t D)\t 2 durumunda Cl\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi, Fe3+ \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme iyon deri\u015fiminin 3 kat\u0131d\u0131r. E) Fe(OH)3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde Fe3+ \u2713 iyon deri\u015fimi OH\u2013 iyon de- AgCI(k) \u0192 Ag(+suda)\u2006+\u2006Cl(\u2013suda) \t E)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ifadesi \t\tK\u00e7\u00e7 = [Fe3+].[Cl\u2013]3 \u015feklindedir. ri\u015fiminin 3 kat\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6kelme 2.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Ag2S tuzu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kelme h\u0131z\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fu anda denge kurulur. kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edi- Kurulan bu dengeye \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck liyor. dengesi\u201d denir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti Ag+ ve S2\u2013 iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Denge an\u0131nda; s\u0131cakl\u0131k, dipteki \t II.\t Suya eklenen Ag2S\u2019nin tamam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn- kat\u0131 k\u00fctlesi, iyon deri\u015fimleri sa- bittir. m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \t III.\t Ag2S\u2019nin bu s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s Tepkimenin denge ifadesine \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 denir ve K\u00e7\u00e7 ile M ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 4s3 t\u00fcr. g\u00f6sterilir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? K\u00e7\u00e7 = [Ag+][Cl\u2013] 5.\t XYn ile haz\u0131rlanan kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengedeki doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Xn+ iyon deri\u015fimi ve \u00e7\u00f6- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (K\u00e7\u00e7) de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin molar deri\u015fi- verilmi\u015ftir. mine \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d ya da \u201cmolar \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t Xn+(M) K\u00e7\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d denir. s ile g\u00f6sterilir. \t XYn 2.10\u20134 3,2.10\u201311 FeCI2(k) tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denk- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t Buna g\u00f6re, lemi, FeCI2(k) \u0192 Fe(2s+uda)+2CI(\u2013suda) \u015feklinde olup \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 3.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta MnF2 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- \t I.\t n = 2\u2019dir. K\u00e7\u00e7 = [Fe2+].[Cl\u2013]2 n\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 5.10\u201313 olarak veriliyor. \t II.\t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta XYn tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- \u011f\u015fe\u00fcknleinsdeddeinri.lirFseeCFI2e2n+iinyo\u00e7n\u00f6zd\u00fcenri\u00fc\u015frilm\u00fc-i \u011f\u00fc 1.10\u20134 M\u2019dir. \t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta haz\u0131rlanan doygun MnF2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde F\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 M \t III.\t Y\u2013 deri\u015fimi 4.10\u20138 M\u2019dir. s\u2006M, CI\u2013 iyon derimi 2s\u2006M olur. olur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? K\u00e7\u00e7 = s.(2s)2 = 4s3 \t A) 5.10\u20134\u2001 B) 5.10\u20135\u2001 C) 1.10\u20134 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) 1.10\u20135\u2001 E) 2.10\u20135\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.D 173 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 17 Baz\u0131 iyonik bile\u015fiklerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme 6.\t Cd(OH)2(k) 8.\t CaF2 i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck denklemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 4.10\u201312 dir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CaF2\u2019nin CaCO3(k) \u0192 Ca(2s+uda)\u2006+ CO32(suda) 0,2 gram\u0131 ile 10 L \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Cu(OH)2(k) \u0192 Cu(2s+uda)\u2006+\u20062OH(\u2013suda) \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, AI2S3(k) \u0192 2Al(3s+uda)\u2006+\u20063S2(s-uda) H2O(s) \t I.\t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeden kalan CaF2 k\u00fctlesi (gram), Cu2SO4(k) \u0192 2Cu(+suda)\u2006+\u2006SO42(\u2013suda) \t II.\t F\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi (molar) \u0130yonik bile\u015fiklerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7ar- \t hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? p\u0131m\u0131, iyon say\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131larak \u00e7\u00f6- \t (CaF2: 78 g\/mol) z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (s) cinsinden yaz\u0131labilir. \t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen \t I II Cd(OH)2 kullan\u0131larak kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede XnYm(k) \u0192 nX(msu+da) + mY(ns+uda) doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. \t A) 0,122\t \u20062.10\u20134 n = m = 1 ise, Bu olay ile ilgili, \t B) 0,044\t \u20061.10\u20134 (AgBr\u200a,\u200a CaCO3\u200a, AlPO4) K\u00e7\u00e7 = s.s = s2 \t \t C) 0,044\t \u20061.10\u20133 Cd(OH)2(k) [Cd2+](M) [OH\u2013](M) \t D) 0,122\t \u20062.10\u20133 \t E) 0,122\t \u20064.10\u20134 n = 1, m = 2 ise, ya da Zaman Zaman Zaman n = 2, m = 1 ise, (CaF2\u200a, Mg(OH)2\u200a, Ag2SO4\u200a) \tI II III K\u00e7\u00e7 = s.(2s)2 = 4 s3 \t \u00e7izilen grafiklerden hangileri do\u011frudur? n = 1, m = 3 ise, ya da n = 3, m = 1 ise, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III (AlBr3\u200a, Ag3PO4\u200a, Fe(CN)3 K\u00e7\u00e7 = s.(3s)3 = 27 s4 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 n = 2, m = 3 ise, ya da 7.\t XCl(k) YCl2(k) ZCl3(k) [Cl\u2013](M) [Cl\u2013](M) n = 3, m = 2 ise, [Cl\u2013](M) Al2S3\u200a, Fe2(SO4)3\u200a,\u2006Mg3(PO4)2 1.10\u20136 K\u00e7\u00e7 = (2s)2(3s)3 = 108 s5 Bile\u015fik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck 3.10\u20134 form\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 4s3 2.10\u20134 Ag2S\t\t 27s4 CrI3\t\t s2 Zaman Zaman Zaman 9.\t PbBr2 tuzu ile haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide sabit CuSO4\t\t 108s5 Fe2(CO3)3\t I II III s\u0131cakl\u0131kta a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta XCl, YCl2 ve ZCl3 ile ha- \t 1. i\u015flem: Bir miktar suya 5n mol PbBr2 z\u0131rlanan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde Cl\u2013 iyon deri- eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 3n mol \u015fimleri yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. PbBr2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeden kal\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t 2. i\u015flem: Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye 10 L saf su eklendi- \u011finde dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 2n mol oluyor. \t I.\t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131mlar\u0131, \t YCl2 > ZCl3 > XCl\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t II.\t Doygun YCl2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde Y2+ iyon de- \t I.\t Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki \u00e7\u00f6zelti hacmi 20 L dir. ri\u015fimi 10\u20134 M\u2019dir. \t II.\t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta PbBr2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \t III.\t E\u015fit hacimde haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in n molard\u0131r. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mol say\u0131lar\u0131 ZCl3\u2006>\u2006YCl2\u2006>\u2006XCl 10 dir. \t III.\t Doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Br\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi n 20 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? molard\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 174 6.E 7.B 8.A 9.C","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 18 1.\t Tuz S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck (M) K\u00e7\u00e7 4.\t XY2 suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bir tuz olup suda \u00e7\u00f6- Yap\u0131s\u0131nda 1A grubu katyonlar\u0131 (\u00b0C) z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde X2+ ve Y\u2013 iyonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. 25 \u00b0C\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2.10\u20134 M olan XY2 (dLai+N, ON3a\u2013+,iyKo+n)l,aNr\u0131Hnd4+a,nCeHn3CaOzO\u2013biyria- XCl 25 1.10\u20135 1.10\u201310 tuzu ile bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti ni i\u00e7eren iyonik bile\u015fikler suda iyi XCl 50 1.10\u20134 1.10\u20138 haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00f6zeltideki iyonlar\u0131n mol sa- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. CH3COONa tuzu suda iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr YCl2 25 1.10\u20134 4.10\u201312 y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikte ve- ve K\u00e7\u00e7 de\u011feri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. YCl2 50 2.10\u20135 3,2.10\u201314 rilmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- Mol say\u0131s\u0131 n\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (K\u00e7\u00e7\u200a)\u200a\u200a de\u011ferleri a\u015fa- \u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t Tabloda XCl ve YCl2 tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n 25 \u00b0C ve 1.10\u20134 Y\u2013 50 \u00b0C de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7ar- a p\u0131mlar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. X2+ Bile\u015fi\u011fin Ad\u0131 Form\u00fcl\u00fc \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi do\u011frudur? \t Zaman G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f AgBr 5,0.10\u201313 brom\u00fcr \t Buna g\u00f6re, Baryum BaF2 1,0.10\u20136 flor\u00fcr \t I.\t a de\u011feri 2.10\u20134\u200a\u2019t\u00fcr. \t A)\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \t Kur\u015fun (II) 4,6.10\u20136 olan\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u2001 PbBr2 II.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda XY2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck brom\u00fcr \t B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a ikisinin de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 3,2.10\u201311\u200a\u2019dir. \u011f\u00fc artar. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin hacmi 0,5 L dir. Al\u00fcminyum AlPO4 5,8.10\u201319 fosfat \t C)\t 25 \u00b0C\u2019de 1 L suda 10\u20132 mol YCl2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- n\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Mangan (II) Mn(OH)2 2,0.10\u201313 hidroksit \t D)\t 50 \u00b0C\u2019de XCl nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc YCl2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden fazlad\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III Demir (II) FeS 3,7.10\u201319 s\u00fclf\u00fcr \t E)\t XCl\u2019nin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ekzotermiktir. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Magnezyum MgC2O4 8,6.10\u20135 okzalat G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Ag2CO3 8,2.10\u201312 karbonat 2.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CaCO3 ile haz\u0131rlanan 20 C\u0131va (II) HgI2 3,0.10\u201326 iyod\u00fcr L doygun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 0,02 gram \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn- m\u00fc\u015f CaCO3 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 5.\tXn+ ve Ym\u2013 iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir tuz ile belirli Magnezyum Mg3(PO4)2 1,0.10\u201332 \t Buna g\u00f6re oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CaCO3 \u00fcn fosfat \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta haz\u0131rlanan 5 litre doygun sulu \t (CaCO3: 100 g\/mol) NOT: \u00e7\u00f6zeltide; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tuz miktar\u0131 ve iyonlar\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (K\u00e7\u00e7\u200a)\u200a\u200a i\u00e7in deri\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. birim kullan\u0131lmaz. \t A) 1.10\u20136\u2001 B) 1.10\u20138\u2001 C) 1.10\u20139 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnen tuz [Xn\u2013](M) [Ym\u2013](M) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131kla de- k\u00fctlesi (g) \u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7\u00f6zelti hacmi, ortak iyon etkisi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etki- \t\u2001 D) 1.10\u201310\u2001 E) 1.10\u201312\u2001 31,2 2.10\u20132 1.10\u20132 lemez. \t E\u015fit say\u0131da iyon i\u00e7eren iyonik bi- le\u015fiklerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fc- 3.\t Suda 1 molardan az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen XF2 ve YF3 \t Buna g\u00f6re; y\u00fck olan\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t I.\t tuzun mol k\u00fctlesi, Farkl\u0131 say\u0131da iyon i\u00e7eren iyonik tuzlar\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanan farkl\u0131 iki doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti- \t II.\t tuzun form\u00fcl\u00fc, bile\u015fikler i\u00e7in bu k\u0131yaslama yap\u0131- de F\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri e\u015fittir. lamaz. \t III.\t bu s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 de- \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u011ferleri \t I.\t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, \t a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ve- \t II.\t K\u00e7\u00e7, rilmi\u015ftir? \t III.\t katyon deri\u015fimi \t I \t II \t III \t niceliklerinden hangileri XF2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisin- de daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr? \t A) 156\t XY2\u2001\t 2.10\u20134 \t B) 312\t XY2\u2001\t 2.10\u20134 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t C) 312\t X2Y\u2001\t 3,2.10\u20135 \t D) 624\t X2Y\u2001\t 4.10\u20136 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E) 624\t XY2\u2001\t 3,2.10\u20135 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.D 2.D 3.E 4.B 5.D 175 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 18 6.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda PbCrO4 (Kur\u015fun(II) kro- 8.\t mat) tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Ag(+suda) verilmi\u015ftir. Ca2+ F\u2212 I(\u2212suda) \t PbCrO4\u200a\u0192\u200aPb2(s+uda)\u200a+\u200aCrO42(\u2013suda) K\u00e7\u00e7:\u200a1.10\u201314 50 L \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda PbCrO4 kullan\u0131larak AgI(k) CaF2 haz\u0131rlanan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile ilgili, \t Suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen CaF2 ile haz\u0131rlanan doy- Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede AgI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine \t I.\t \u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi Pb2+ iyon deri\u015fimi CrO42\u2013 iyon gun CaF2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f iyonlar\u0131n dipteki kat\u0131 AgI bitmeme ko\u015fulu deri\u015fimine e\u015fittir. mol say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131 1,5.10\u20132 mold\u00fcr. ile sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su eklenirse (I), \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1.10\u20137 M\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta CaF2 nin \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- Dipteki kat\u0131 \t III.\t 1 m3 doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olarak gisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? 10\u20134 mol PbCrO4 i\u00e7erir. I \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Eklenen su \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) 1.10\u20134\u2001 B) 2.10\u20134\u2001 C) 1.10\u20138 \u2022\t Dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 3,2.10\u20138\u2001 E) 4.10\u201312\u2001 \u2022\t Ag+ ve I\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri de\u011fi\u015f- 9.\t Belirli s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 20\u2006L suda en fazla 2,14 mez. gram X(OH)3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilmektedir. \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta X(OH)3 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u2022\tK\u00e7\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmez. \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 2,7.10\u201311 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, X\u2019in \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti halen doygundur. atom k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7 g\/mol\u2019d\u00fcr? \t (H:1 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol) \u2022\t \u0130letkenlik de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t A) 27\u2001 B) 40\u2001 C) 52\u2001 D) 56\u2001 E) 80 \t Dipteki kat\u0131 bitecek \u015fekilde sa- 7.\t Bile\u015fik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 SrCO3 1,6.10\u20139 bit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su eklenirse (II) \u0130yon deri\u015fimi Mg(OH)2 3,2.10\u201311 10.\t 25 \u00b0C sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 10 L saf suya yava\u015f II Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan SrCO3 ve yava\u015f BaCO3 eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131- \t Mg(OH)2 doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ile ilgili a\u015fa- yor. \u011f\u0131daki sorulara verilen cevaplardan han- Eklenen su gisi hatal\u0131d\u0131r? \t 5.10\u22126 mol 1.10\u22124 mol \u2022\t Ag+ ve I\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. Soru Cevap \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fmez. A) Hangi \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de- Mg(OH)2 \u011feri daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr? \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 10 L 10 L \u2022\t \u0130letkenlik azal\u0131r. B) SrCO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde top- 1. 1.10\u22125 mol lam iyon deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 2.10\u20135 2. Kat\u0131lar\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeleri ge- molard\u0131r? \t nellikle endotermiktir. Bu y\u00fczden \t Buna g\u00f6re, kat\u0131lar\u0131n suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmelerinde C) Mg(OH)2 nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- 2.10\u20134 minimum enerji girenleri yani \u00e7\u00f6- \u011f\u00fc ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? kelmeyi destekler. Maksimum d\u00fc- zensizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yani \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyi destekler. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme \t I.\t 1. durumda olu\u015fan \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AgCl(k)+\u0131s\u0131 \u0192 Ag(+suda)+Cl(\u2013suda) D) \t II.\t 2. \u00e7\u00f6zelti 1. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine g\u00f6re daha deri- \u00e7\u00f6kelme 10 L doygun SrCO3 \u00e7\u00f6- \u015fiktir. Minimum Maksimum zeltisinde ka\u00e7 mol \u00e7\u00f6- 4.10\u20134 z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f SrCO3 bulunur? enerji d\u00fczensizlik \t III.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda BaCO3\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- l\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 8,1.10\u20139 dur. E) 100 L doygun Mg(OH)2 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde ka\u00e7 mol 2.10\u20132 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Mg(OH)2 bu- \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 lunur? \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 176 6.E 7.B 8.E 9.D 10.C","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\ufffdE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER (S\u0131cakl\u0131k) Test \/ 19 1.\t Suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen AgCl ile haz\u0131rlan\u0131lan 3.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Etki Eden Fakt\u00f6rler kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131- Maddelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 \u00b0C\u2019den 50 \u00b0C\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnenin t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 1.10\u201310 dan 4.10\u201310\u2006\u2019a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. X+ CI\u2212 \u2022\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k XCI(k) \u2022\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \t Buna g\u00f6re; \u2022\t Ortak iyon etkisi \t I.\t AgCl\u2019nin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endotermik- \t XCl tuzu ile t1\u2006\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131s\u0131 ile \u2022\t pH tir. dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Bu gibi bir\u00e7ok etkene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6- \t II.\t AgCl\u2019nin 10 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \t \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek t2\u2006\u00b0C ya- l\u00fcmde s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ortak iyon etki- 1.10\u20135 M\u2019dir. p\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dengedeki XCl\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 sinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi \t III.\t AgCl ile 50 \u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanan doygun azal\u0131rken dipteki kat\u0131 XCl miktar\u0131 azal\u0131yor. incelenecektir. \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Cl\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi 2.10\u20135 M\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re; S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Etkisi \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t I.\t XCl\u2019nin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endotermiktir. Kat\u0131lar\u0131n sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ge- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t II.\t t2 > t1\u2019 dir. nellikle endotermik iken baz\u0131 ka- \t III.\t XCl(k) \u2192 X+(suda) + Cl\u2013(suda) t\u0131lar\u0131n sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekzo- termiktir. \t \t denkleminde minimum enerji \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe etkisi Le Chatelier yasas\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. destekler. AgCI\u2019nin sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc endo- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? termiktir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III AgCI(k) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 Ag(+suda) + CI(\u2013suda) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Ag(+suda) CI(\u2212suda) AgCI(k) 2.\t PbCl2 tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi, 4.\t Na2SO4(k) Na2SO4(k) Kat\u0131 Na2SO4(g) Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun AgCI \u00e7\u00f6- zeltisinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa \t PbCl2(k) \u0192 Pb2+(suda) + 2Cl\u2013(suda) + \u0131s\u0131 5m 5m \t \u015feklindedir. 5m \u2022\t Denge \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. 3m 20\u00b0C (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme lehine bozulur.) m 40\u00b0C \u2022\t Ag+ ve CI\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri ar- Zaman tar. 20\u00b0C 40\u00b0C \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artar. Pb2+ CI\u2212 \t 5m er gram Na2SO4 kullan\u0131larak 20 \u00b0C ve \u2022\tK\u00e7\u00e7 artar. 40 \u00b0C\u2019de e\u015fit hacimli iki ayr\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131r- \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ve \u00e7\u00f6kme h\u0131z\u0131 artar. \t PbCI2(k) lan\u0131yor. \t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta PbCl2 ile haz\u0131rlanan \t \u00c7\u00f6zeltideki kat\u0131 Na2SO4 k\u00fctlesindeki de\u011fi- \u2022\t Dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cak- \u015fim grafikte verilmi\u015ftir. l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir miktar art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck K\u00e7\u00e7 PbCl(k) \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a Na2SO4 \u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc- \u011f\u00fc artar. \t II.\t 40\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, 20 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 2 kat\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t 40\u2006\u00b0C \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 20\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki Zaman \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 8 kat\u0131d\u0131r. AgCI(k) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 Ag(+suda) + CI(\u2013suda) \t grafiklerden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.E 2.C 3.C 4.E 177 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\ufffdE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER (S\u0131cakl\u0131k) Test \/ 19 Ce2(SO4)3\u2019\u00fcn sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 5.\t XY(suda) AB(suda) KL(suda) 7.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ekzotermiktir. 20 6,25.10\u201310 40 1,60.10\u20139 Ce2(k)(SO4)3(k) \u0192 2Ce3(s+uda) + 2SO42(\u2013suda) + \u0131s\u0131 XY(k) AB(k) KL(k) \t SrCO3 (stronsiyom karbonat) tuzunun \t 20 \u00b0C ve 40 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131mlar\u0131 Ce3+ \t 20 \u00b0C\u2019de XY, AB ve KL iyonik kat\u0131lar\u0131 ile tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. SO42\u2212 \t haz\u0131rlanan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 40\u2006\u00b0C\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re 40\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de SrCO3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek Ce2(SO4)3 haz\u0131rlan\u0131lan 40\u2006L doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131- Yeteri kadar beklenerek elde edilen \u00e7\u00f6zel- cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 20\u2006\u00b0C\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ka\u00e7 kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \t tiler ile ilgili; mol SrCO3 kristallenir? Ce2(SO4)3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \t art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u2022\t XY \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 azal\u0131- \t A) 1,5.10\u20135\u2001 B) 1,5.10\u20134\u2001 C) 5,0.10\u20134 yor. \u2022\t Denge girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayar. \t \t\u2001 D) 6,0.10\u20134\u2001 E) 6,0.10\u20133\u2001 (\u00c7\u00f6kme lehine bozulur.) \t \u2022\t AB \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131yor. \t \u2022\t Dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 artar. \t \u2022\t KL \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde iletkenlik art\u0131yor. \u2022\t Ce3+ ve SO42\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri bilgileri veriliyor. azal\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re hangi bile\u015fiklerin sudaki \u00e7\u00f6- \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck azal\u0131r. z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn endotermik oldu\u011fu ke- sindir? \u2022\tK\u00e7\u00e7 azal\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z XY\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z KL\u2001 C) XY ve AB 8.\t XY3 iyonik kat\u0131s\u0131 ile 10 \u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanan \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ve \u00e7\u00f6kme h\u0131z\u0131 azal\u0131r. \t \u2001 D) XY ve KL\u2001 E) XY, AB ve KL\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck 4\u2006L doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f n mol XY3 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin 60 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10 \u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, XY3\u2019\u00fcn 60\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- l\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n n cinsinden de\u011feri a\u015fa- \u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru veril- mi\u015ftir? s\u0131cakl\u0131k n C) 8n3 3 Ce2(k)(SO4)3(k) \u0192 6.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \t A) \u2001 B) 3n\u2001 2Ce3(s+uda) + 2SO42(\u2013suda) + \u0131s\u0131 \u2001 D) 27n4 \u2001 E) 27n4 \u2001 8 16 Cu+ Br\u2013 CuBr(k) S\u0131cakl\u0131k \t S\u0131cakl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fimi ve- 9.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CaF2 tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- rilen CuBr tuzu ile haz\u0131rlanan kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengedeki doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir l\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 4.10\u201312\u2006\u2019dir. miktar art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan CaF2 \u00e7\u00f6zelti- \t Bu olayda; sinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t \u00b0C\u2019ye getirildi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zelti- deki CaF2\u2019nin % 80\u2019i kristallenmektedir. \t I.\t dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131, \t Buna g\u00f6re, CaF2\u2019nin t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- \t II.\t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, l\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru ve- rilmi\u015ftir? \t III.\t \u00e7\u00f6kelme h\u0131z\u0131 \t niceliklerinden hangileri azal\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) 6,4.10\u20139\u2001 B) 1.10\u201312\u2001 C) 4.10\u201313 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) 3,2.10\u201314\u2001 E) 1.10\u201315\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 178 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.E 9.D","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\ufffdE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER Test \/ 20 (Ortak \u0130yon Etkisi) 1.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CaF2 nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7ar- 4.\t Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun FeCl3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi- Ortak \u0130yon Etkisi p\u0131m\u0131 4.10\u201312 dir. ne sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar NaCl ekleniyor. \u0130yonik yap\u0131l\u0131 bir bile\u015fi\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131n- \t Buna g\u00f6re 25 \u00b0C\u2019de CaF2 i\u00e7in, \t Bu olayla ilgili \u00e7izilen, daki iyonlardan birini i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t I.\t Saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t [Fe3+] \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck K\u00e7\u00e7 tide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesine \u201cortak iyon etki- \t II.\t 0,1 M NaF \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc si\u201d denir. CuBr kat\u0131s\u0131 saf su yerine ka\u00e7t\u0131r? NaBr i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmek \t sorular\u0131n\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? istenilse Br\u2013 iyonlar\u0131 ortak iyon etkisi g\u00f6sterir. Ortak iyon etkisinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe etkisi Le Chateller il- zaman kesi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. zaman zaman \t\t I II \t I II III \t A) \t1.10\u20134\t 2.10\u20134 \t B) \t1. 10\u20134\t 4.10\u201310 \t grafiklerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? NaBr(k) \t C) \t1. 10\u20134\t 2.10\u20136 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t D) \t2.10\u20136\t 4.10\u201310 \t E) \t2.10\u20136\t 2.10\u20134 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 2.\t MnS (Mangan(II) S\u00fclf\u00fcr) bile\u015fi\u011finin oda Cu(+suda) Br(\u2212suda) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 1.10\u201314 Cu(+suda) d\u00fcr. CuBr(k) \u0192 Cu(+suda) + Br(\u2013suda) \t Mns nin 25 \u00b0C\u2019de\u2006, Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun CuBr \t I.\t Saf su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir \t II.\t 0,1 M Na2S miktar NaBr kat\u0131s\u0131 eklenirse Br\u2013 \t III.\t 0,1 M Mn(NO3)2 5.\t KCl Deri\u015fim (M) iyon deri\u015fimi artaca\u011f\u0131ndan denge \t \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- 10\u20131 Cl\u2013 bozulur. kilerden hangisinde do\u011fru kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l- m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? a X+.Cl\u2013 10\u20137 \t A) I > II > III\u2001 B) III > II > I\u2001 C) II = III > I 10 L \u2022\t Denge girenlere kayar. (\u00e7\u00f6kel- X+ me lehine bozulur.) \t\u2001 D) I > II = III\u2001 E) II > III > I\u2001 XCl Zaman \u2022\t Cu+ deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. 3.\t Suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endoter- \t XCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar mik olan CaCO3 ile 25 \u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanan KCl(k) eklendi\u011finde iyon deri\u015fimlerinin de- \u2022\t Br\u2013 deri\u015fimi artar. kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengedeki doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine \u011fi\u015fimi yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerle ilgili ifadelere do\u011fru (D), yanl\u0131\u015f (Y) de\u011ferlendirmeleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da veril- \t Bu olayla ilgili sorulan sorulara a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki mi\u015ftir. cevaplar veriliyor. \u2022\t CuBr \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azal\u0131r. \t\t Soru \t Cevap \u0130fade DY \t I.\t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta XCl\u2019nin\t 1.10\u20134 \u2022\t Dipteki kat\u0131 CuBr miktar\u0131 artar. \t \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. (S\u0131cakl\u0131k sabit oldu\u011fundan) I S\u0131cakl\u0131k 40 \u00b0C\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00fc \t II.\t a de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r?\t \t 1.10\u20138 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artar. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltide K+ iyon\t \t 1.10\u20131 Bir miktar Na2CO3 eklenirse II CO32\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. \u00fc \t \t deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 M dir? Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar \t IV.\t Ka\u00e7 mol KCl \t \t 1 CaCO3 eklenirse deri\u015fimi artar. \t \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr? III \u00fc \t \t Buna g\u00f6re, cevaplar\u0131n tamamen do\u011fru olabilmesi i\u00e7in hangi cevaplar\u0131n yeri \t Buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler- de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekir? den hangileri hatal\u0131d\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) I ve II\u2001 B) I ve III\u2001 C) III ve IV \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve IV\u2001 E) I ve IV\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A 179 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dc\ufffdE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER Test \/ 20 (Ortak \u0130yon Etkisi) Doygun AgCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine bir mik- 6.\t t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de Mg(OH)2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 9.\t Saf sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1.10\u20136 molar 5.10\u201310 olarak veriliyor. tar NaCI eklenirse iyon deri\u015fimle- olan XY iyonik bile\u015fi\u011finin ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k- rinin zamanla de\u011fi\u015fimi grafikteki \t Buna g\u00f6re, Mg(OH)2\u2019nin t \u00b0C\u2019de 0,05 M ta ka\u00e7 molar NaY \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- gibi olur. Mg(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc n\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1.10\u201310 M\u2019dir? ka\u00e7 M dir? Deri\u015fim \t A) 1.10\u20131\u2001 B) 1.10\u20132\u2001 C) 1.10\u20134 Cl\u2013 \t A) 1.10\u20138\u2001 B) 1. 10\u20136\u2001 C) 5. 10\u20135 \t\u2001 D) 1.10\u20135\u2001 E) 1.10\u201310\u2001 Ag+.Cl\u2013 \t\u2001 D) 1. 10\u20133\u2001 E) 5.10\u20132\u2001 Ag+ Zaman \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 1.10\u201310 olan 10.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Ag2SO4\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck AgCI\u2019nin farkl\u0131 deri\u015fimdeki NaCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerindeki iyon deri\u015fimleri \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 8.10\u20139 dur. \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Na+ iyonlar\u0131- NaCI AgCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7in n\u0131n deri\u015fimi 0,4 molar olan Na2SO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin en az ka\u00e7 L sinde 0,01 mol deri\u015fimi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck [Ag+] [Cl\u2013] Ag2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir? (M) \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 \t A) 10\u2001 B) 25\u2001 C) 50\u2001 D) 100\u2001 E) 200 2.10\u20131 10\u201310 5.10\u201310 2.10\u20131 7.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta SrCO3\u2019\u00fcn saf sudaki 1.10\u20131 10\u201310 1.10\u20139 1.10\u20131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 0,02 M Na2CO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde- ki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 2000 kat\u0131d\u0131r. 1.10\u20132 10\u201310 1.10\u20138 1.10\u20132 \t Buna g\u00f6re, SrCO3\u2019in bu s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011f- \u2022\t Ortak iyonun deri\u015fimi artt\u0131k\u00e7a ru verilmi\u015ftir? ortak iyonun etkisi artar, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- A) 1.10\u20138\u2001 B) 5.10\u20139\u2001 C) 1.10\u201310 11.\t I.\t 0,1 molar KBr n\u00fcrl\u00fck azal\u0131r. \t \t II.\t 0,1 molar CaBr2 \t III.\t 0,1 molar Pb(NO3)2 \t\u2001 D) 1.10\u201312\u2001 E) 1.10\u201313\u2001 \t IV.\t 0,01 molar Pb(NO3)2 \t Yukar\u0131daki \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7inden PbBr2 nin AgCI AgCI AgCI \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en az ve en fazla olan- Saf su 0,1 M NaCI 0,2 M NaCI lar\u0131 hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? 25\u2006\u00b0C 25\u2006\u00b0C 25\u2006\u00b0C I II III \t\tEn fazla\t En az AgCI nin ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki saf \t A) \t\t I\t II su 0,1 M NaCI ve 0,2 M NaCI s\u0131v\u0131- 8.\t Ahmet laboratuvarda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131s\u0131 ile \t B) \t\t II\t I lar\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda; \t C) \t\t III\t IV dengede FeCO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir etki \t D) \t\t IV\t II sonucu meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri a\u015fa- \t E)\t \t IV\t III I > II > III ili\u015fkisi bulunur. \u011f\u0131daki gibi not al\u0131yor. \t I.\t Fe2+ iyon deri\u015fimi art\u0131yor. \t II.\t CO32\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi azal\u0131yor. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmiyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re Ahmet\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye uygulad\u0131- 12.\t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakta a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerden han- \u011f\u0131 etki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi olabilir? gisinde SrSO4 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en azd\u0131r? \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t A)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak \t B)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak \t A) \t0,01 molar Sr(NO3)2 \t C) \tFe(NO3)2 kat\u0131s\u0131 eklemek \t B) \t0,02 molar Na2SO4 \t D) \tK2CO3 kat\u0131s\u0131 eklemek \t C) \tSaf su \t E)\t FeCO3 kat\u0131s\u0131 eklemek \t D) \t0,1 molar Sr(NO3)2 \t E) \t0,2 molar Na2SO4 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 180 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.E","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 21 1.\t \u0130yonik yap\u0131l\u0131 bir bile\u015fik ile ilgili, 3.\t AB, CD2 ve EF3 tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n- Soru: \t \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ifadesi daki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131mlar\u0131 tabloda veril- \t\tK\u00e7\u00e7 = [X2+].[Y\u2013]2 \u015feklindedir. \t \u2022\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1.10\u20135 mi\u015ftir. Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta suda az \u00e7\u00f6- izl\u00fcendeenngSendCeOd3oykguullnan\u00e7\u0131\u00f6lazrealtki kat\u0131s\u0131 molard\u0131r. \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck haz\u0131r- \t bilgileri veriliyor. Tuzu Form\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (M) lan\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t Bu bile\u015fik ile ilgili, 4.10\u20138 AB S1 hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t I.\t Form\u00fcl\u00fc XY2 \u015feklindedir. \t II.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 CD2 4.10\u20139 S2 A)\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k sabittir. 4.10\u201315 dir. \t EF3 27.10\u20138 S3 B)\t\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kme h\u0131z\u0131na e\u015fittir. \t III.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda XY2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek ha- z\u0131rlanan doymam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltide Y\u2013 iyon \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tuzlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6- C)\tEklenen SnCO3 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ta- deri\u015fimi 2.10\u20135 molardan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck- mam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir. t\u00fcr. z\u00fcn\u00fckl\u00fckleri (S1, S2 ve S3) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- D)\tSn2+ iyon deri\u015fimi CO32\u2013 iyon den hangisinde do\u011fru kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f- deri\u015fimine e\u015fittir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? E)\t\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 Sn2+ iyon t\u0131r? \t A) S3 > S2 > S1\u2001\t B) S1 > S2 > S3 deri\u015fiminin iki kat\u0131na e\u015fittir. \t C) S3 > S1 > S2\t D) S2 > S1 > S3 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t E) S2 > S3 > S1 Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde s\u0131- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 cakl\u0131k sabittir. Sistem dengede oldu\u011fundan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kme h\u0131z\u0131na e\u015fittir. Dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 bu- lundu\u011fundan eklenen kat\u0131n\u0131n ta- mam\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir. SnCO3(k) \u0192 Sn(2s+uda) + CO32(\u2013suda) s ss Sn2+ iyon deri\u015fimi CO32\u2013 iyon deri- \u015fimine e\u015fittir. 4.\t BaSO4(k)+ \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 Ba2(s+uda) + SO42\u2013(suda) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131, \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi verilen BaSO4 ile ayn\u0131 K\u00e7\u00e7 = [Sn2+].[CO32\u2013] = s.s = s2 dir. s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede iki farkl\u0131 (E yanl\u0131\u015f) \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Cevap: E K2SO4(k) Is\u0131 Soru: Ba2+ SO24\u2212 Ba2+ SO24\u2212 Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta haz\u0131rlanan doygun AgI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde toplam iyon deri\u015fimi a molard\u0131r. 2.\t Umut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck dengesi ile ilgili do\u011fru Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki AgI (D) yanl\u0131\u015f (Y) ifadelerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi de- n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. \t I BaSO4(k) II a a2 a \t \u2022\tK\u00e7\u00e7 de\u011feri s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. (D) 4 4 2 \t \u2022\t Kat\u0131lar\u0131n sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc endoter- A) \u2001 B) \u2001 C) mik ya da ekzotermik olabilir. (Y) \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden 1. sine bir miktar K2SO4 \u2001 D) 2a\u2001 E) 4a2\u2001 kat\u0131s\u0131 eklenirken 2. si bir maktar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. \t \u2022\t Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 sabittir. (D) \t Buna g\u00f6re; \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t \u2022\t Bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131k\u00e7a kat\u0131lar\u0131n sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- \t I.\t K\u00e7\u00e7 artar. AgI(k) \u0192 Ag(+suda) + I(\u2013suda) l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artar. (Y) \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artar. s ss \t \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s molar olan t\u00fcm tuzlar\u0131n \t III.\t SO42\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi artar. 2s = a, s= a molar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131mlar\u0131 s2 dir. (Y) \t IV.\t Dipteki kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 artar. 2 \t V.\t Ba2+ iyon deri\u015fimi artar. \t Buna g\u00f6re, Umut\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlen- K\u00e7\u00e7 = s\u200a.\u200a\u200a\u200as\u200a\u200a = a . a = a2 dirmelerden hangisi hatal\u0131d\u0131r? 2 2 4 \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V \t \u00f6zelliklerinden hangisi iki \u00e7\u00f6zeltide de Cevap: B 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir? \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 181 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 21 5.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 8.\t Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede bulunan CuI2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6- Soru: 3,2.10\u201317 olan PbI2 ile kat\u0131s\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanan XtimsiYnhatuzz\u0131rulannumn asus\u0131das\u0131draosy\u0131gnudna \u00e7\u00f6zel- doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltide iyon deri\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da zeltisi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kaptaki kat\u0131 CuI2 k\u00fctle- iyon- verilmi\u015ftir. sinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. lar\u0131n deri\u015fimleri grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \t Deri\u015fim (M) \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t CuI2 nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi, Deri\u015fim (M) \t \t CuI2(k) \u0192 Cu2(s+uda) + 2I\u2013(suda) + \u0131s\u0131 \t \t \u015feklindedir. bc 10\u20133 Xn+ \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CuI2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- n\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azal\u0131r. 5.10\u20134 Ym\u2013 ad \t III.\t CuI2\u2019nin suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endotermik- t1 t2 Zaman Zaman tir. Buna g\u00f6re, \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u2019n\u0131n de\u011feri ve c\u2019nin ifade \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? etti\u011fi iyon hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru veril- I.\tTuzun form\u00fcl\u00fc X2Y\u2019dir. \t mi\u015ftir? II.\tt1 an\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t III.\t25 \u00b0C 10 L suda 10\u20132 mol XmYn \t a \t c \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir. A)\t 1.10\u20135\t Pb2+ \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? B)\t 2.10\u20136\t Pb+ A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t C)\t 1.10\u20136\t I\u2013 \t C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III \t D)\t 1.10\u20136\t Pb2+ E) I, II ve III E)\t 2.10\u20136\t I\u2013 9.\t AgCI(k) AgCI(k) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: XmYn \u0192 mXn+ + nYm\u2212 V2 5.10\u20134 M 10\u22123 5.10\u22124 0,1 M NaCI V1 \u2192 (X2Y) 6.\t t \u00b0C BaSO4 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 Saf su t1 an\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zelti hen\u00fcz doyma- 1.10\u201310 dur. t \u00b0C BaSO4 ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kar\u0131- \u015f\u0131mlar haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M= n \u00b4 5.10\u20134 \t X:\t10\u20136 M 1 L \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 1.10\u20138 olan V AgCl ile saf su ve 0,1 M NaCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kul- n \t Y:\t100 L suya 0,3 gram BaSO4 eklenerek lan\u0131larak doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. \u200a= V = 5.10\u20133 XmYn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir. \t elde edilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \t Saf suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen AgCl'nin mol say\u0131s\u0131, Cevap: C Z:\t10 L sinde 10\u20134 mol Ba2+ i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zelti 0,1 M NaCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mad- denin mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 100 kat\u0131 oldu\u011funa Soru: \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden hangileri g\u00f6re V1 oran\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? V2 Bz\u00fcenli\u00fcrlril\u00fcbkir\u00e7sa\u0131rcpa\u0131kml\u0131\u0131k1t.a10C\u20131a0CdOu3r.\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6- doymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (BaSO4: 233 g\/mol) Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 50 L suda en faz- \t A) Yaln\u0131z X\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z Y\u2001 C) X ve Y \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 1 \u2001 D) 110\u2001 E) 1 la ka\u00e7 gram CaCO3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir? \t \u2001 D) Y ve Z\u2001 E) X, Y ve Z\u2001 2 4 5 100 (CaCO3 , 100 g\/mol) A) 1.10\u20132\u2001 B) 5.10\u20132\u2001 C) 6.10\u20132 \u2001 D) 1.10\u20131\u2001 E) 5.10\u20131\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 10.\t t\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de haz\u0131rlanan V litre doygun CaBr2 CaCO3(k) \u0192 Ca(2s+uda) + CO32(\u2013suda) 7.\t I.\t 1 L sinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f PbI2 mol say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f m gram CaBr2 bu- s ss lunmaktad\u0131r. \t II.\t Doygun PbI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin deri\u015fimi K\u00e7\u00e7 = s2 = 1.10\u201310 \t III.\t Doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki I\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi \t Buna g\u00f6re t \u00b0C\u2019de CaBr2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- l\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden s = 10\u20135 M \t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta PbI2 ile haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hesap- M= n \u00b4 n = 10\u20135.50 hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? V = 5.10\u20134 mol lanabilmesi i\u00e7in yukar\u0131dakilerden han- \t (CaBr2:200 g\/mol) n = m \u00b4 m = 5.10\u20134.100 gilerinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na bilinmesi yeterlidir? \t A) m 2 B) m\u2001 C) m3 \t MA \u200a=\u200a\u200a 5.10\u20132 gram A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 200.V \u2001 200.V 200.V Cevap: B \t m 3 m 2 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t \u2001 D) 4 200.V \u2001 E) 4 200.V \u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 182 5.E 6.A 7.E 8.D 9.D 10.D","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 22 1.\t 3.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 X(OH)2(suda) 4.10\u20138 olan MgCO3\u2019\u00fcn 42 miligram\u0131 kul- Soru: lan\u0131larak dibinde kat\u0131s\u0131 olmayan doygun \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde X2+ ve Y\u2013 iyonlar\u0131- X(OH)3(suda) \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. n\u0131 olu\u015fturan XY2 kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \t 25 \u00b0C ve 50 \u00b0C deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin hacmi ka\u00e7 L dir? \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 (K\u00e7\u00e7) de\u011ferleri (MgCO3:84 g\/mol) tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. X(OH)2(k) X(OH)3(k) \t A) 0,25\u2001 B) 2,50\u2001 C) 4,00 S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck K\u00e7\u00e7 1. 2. (\u00b0C) (M) \t\u2001 D) 10,00\u2001 E) 12, 50\u2001 25 a 4.10\u201312 50 5.10\u20134 b \t Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta X(OH)2 ve X(OH)3 kullan\u0131- Buna g\u00f6re, larak kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. I.\ta = 10\u20134 d\u00fcr. \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili; II.\tb = 5.10\u201310 dur. \t I.\t 1. \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki X2+ iyon deri\u015fimi 2. \u00e7\u00f6- III.\tXY2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endotermik- zeltideki X3+ iyon deri\u015fimine e\u015fittir. tir. 4.\t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t II.\t pH de\u011ferleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda XCl2 tuzunun saf sudaki A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1x10-4 M d\u0131r.\t C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III \t III.\t NaOH eklenmesi her iki \u00e7\u00f6zeltide de pH de\u011ferini azalt\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, XCl2 tuzunun 0,1 M NaCl \u00e7\u00f6- E) I, II ve III zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ka\u00e7 mol\/L dir? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (X(OH)2 i\u00e7in K\u00e7\u00e7 = 4 .10\u20139 X(OH)3 i\u00e7in, \t A) 1x10-4\u2001 B) 2x10-4\u2001 C) 2x10-6 XY2(k) \u0192 X2+(suda) + 2Y\u2013(suda) \tK\u00e7\u00e7 = 2,7.10\u201311) D) 1x10-10\u2001 E) 4x10-10\u2001 aa 2a \t\u2001 (25 \u00b0C) \u2192 K\u00e7\u00e7 = a.(2a)2 = 4.10\u201312 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t a = 10\u20134 M bulunur. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 (50 \u00b0C) \u2192 K\u00e7\u00e7 = 5.10\u20134.(10\u20133)2 = 5.10\u201310 bulunur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan XY2'nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi en- dotermiktir. Cevap: E Soru: Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda MgSO4 \u00fcn 0,01 M 1N,6a.210S\u2013O94 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc molard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta MgSO4 \u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? A) 1,6.10\u201311\t\t B) 4.10\u201310 5.\t t \u00b0C de XY2 ile haz\u0131rlanan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zel- C) 1,6.10\u20137\t\t D) 1,6.10\u20136 2.\t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta TlBr(Talyum brom\u00fcr) tinin 5 litresinde 0,01 mol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Y+ E) 4.10\u20135 tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 4.10\u20136 d\u0131r. iyonu bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta TlBr i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta haz\u0131rlanan Na2SO4(k) \u2192 2Na(+suda) + SO42(\u2013suda) cevaplan\u0131yor. XY2 doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile ilgili, \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc1.10\u20133 molard\u0131r. 0,01 M 0,02 M 0,01 M \t \t Saf sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc .....I..... molard\u0131r. II.\t 20 L sinde 0,04 mol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f X2+ MgSO4(k) \u0192 Mg2(s+uda) \u2192 SO42(\u2212suda) 1,6.10\u20139 M 1,6.10\u20139 M 1,6.10\u20139 M \t 0,4 molar NaBr \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyonu i\u00e7erir. .......II........ molard\u0131r. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 1.10\u20136 d\u0131r. K\u00e7\u00e7 = [Mg2+].[SO42\u2013] = 1,6.10\u20139.(0,01 + 1,6.10\u20139] \t Buna g\u00f6re, sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? = 1,6.10\u201311 I II ka\u00e7t\u0131r? Cevap: A \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) 1 \u2001 B) 1 \u2001 C) 10\u2001 D) 200\u2001 E) 500 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 50 5 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.A 183 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK DENGES\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 22 Soru: Deri\u015fim (molar) 6.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iyonik yap\u0131l\u0131 XmYn tuzu 8.\t SrCO3 (stransiyum karbonat) tuzu ile ayn\u0131 X(k) [Ca2+] ile doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlarken iyonlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ve 0,1 M Sr(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6zel- deri\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015f- tilerinde haz\u0131rlanan doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde mektedir. Sr2+ ve CO23\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ve- rilmi\u015ftir. \t Deri\u015fim (M) CaCrO4(suda) [CrO42\u2013] 3.10\u20134 Xn+ Sr2+(M) CO32\u2013(M) CaCrO4(k) Zaman 1.10\u20135 1.10\u20135 Kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede CaCrO4 \u00e7\u00f6zel- 1.10\u20134 Ym\u2013 Saf su tisine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131ta X kat\u0131s\u0131 ek- lendi\u011finde yukar\u0131daki grafik elde \t 0,1 M Sr(NO3)2 1.10\u20131 1.10\u20139 ediliyor. \t Zaman \t Yukar\u0131daki bilgilere dayanarak, Buna g\u00f6re X; \t \t I.\t Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta SrCO3 tuzunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr- Buna g\u00f6re, XmYn tuzu ve oda s\u0131cakl\u0131- I.\tNa2CrO4\u200a, \t \u011f\u0131ndaki doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki l\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 1.10\u201310 dur. II.\tCa(NO3)2 \t sonu\u00e7lardan hangisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz? \t II.\t Ortak iyon etkisi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azalt\u0131r. \t \t III.\t SrCO3 tuzunun suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi endo- III.\tCaCrO4 \t A)\t Form\u00fcl\u00fc X3Y\u2019dir. \t B)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1.10\u20134 molard\u0131r. termiktir. kat\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri olabilir? \t yorumlar\u0131ndan hangileri yap\u0131labilir? C)\t K\u00e7\u00e7 ifadesi K\u00e7\u00e7 = [X+]3.[Y3\u2013] \u015feklindedir. A) Yaln\u0131z I \t B) Yaln\u0131z II D)\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artar. C) I ve II\t \t D) I ve III E)\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 2,7.10\u201315 dir. E) I, II ve III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II X kat\u0131s\u0131 eklendi\u011finde Ca2+ iyon \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 deri\u015fimi artarken, CrO42\u2013 iyon de- ri\u015fimi azalmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum- 9.\t da yap\u0131s\u0131nda Ca2+ iyonlar\u0131 olup CrO42\u2013 iyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermeyen bir kat\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Cevap: B Soru: 7.\t Kalsiyum s\u00fclfat (CaSO4) tuzunun ayn\u0131 s\u0131- CaBr2(suda) XY(k) \u0192 X(+suda) + Y(\u2013suda) + \u0131s\u0131 cakl\u0131ktaki X, Y ve Z maddelerindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi verilen XY ile n\u00fcrl\u00fckleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. CaBr2(k) belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta haz\u0131rlanan kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengedeki \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin Madde \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir miktar art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa X s1 \t CaBr2(k) \u0192 Ca2(s\u2013uda) + 2Br(\u2013suda) + \u0131s\u0131 I. XY(k) miktar\u0131, II. K\u00e7\u00e7 Y s2 \t \u015feklinde olan CaBr2 kullan\u0131larak kat\u0131s\u0131 ile dengede doygun \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. niceliklerindeki de\u011fi\u015fim hangi se- \t Z s3 \u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 etkiler ile sonu\u00e7- lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. I II \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda s1 > s2 > s3 ili\u015f- A) Artar\t\t Artar kisi oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re X , Y ve Z maddeleri \t Etki Sonu\u00e7 B) Azal\u0131r\t\t Azal\u0131r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi gibi olabilir? C) Azal\u0131r\t\t Artar X YZ I Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta KBr Br \u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi D) Artar\t\t Azal\u0131r kat\u0131s\u0131 ekleniyor. artar. E) De\u011fi\u015fmez\t De\u011fi\u015fmez A) Saf su 0,1 M K2SO4 0,01 M K2SO4 \t II S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck artar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: III Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck azal\u0131r. ekleniyor. S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda denge \u00e7\u00f6- B) 0,1 M K2SO4 0,01 M K2SO4 Saf su kelme lehine bozulur. XY kat\u0131 miktar\u0131 artarken K\u00e7\u00e7 azal\u0131r. C) 0,01 M K2SO4 0,1 M K2SO4 Saf su \t Buna g\u00f6re, verilen sonu\u00e7lardan hangi- leri do\u011frudur? Cevap: D D) 0,01 M K2SO4 Saf su 0,1 M K2SO4 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 E) Saf su 0,01 M K2SO4 0,1 M K2SO4 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 184 6.D 7.E 8.C 9.A","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 23 1.\t X ve Y ile oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6- 3.\t HCl kuvvetli asit NH3 ise zay\u0131f baz \u00f6zelli\u011fi Soru: zeltiler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler veriliyor. g\u00f6sterir. \t \u2022\t X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ek- Su Su lendi\u011finde pH azal\u0131yor. \t pH = 10 10\u22125 M OH\u2212 H+ > 1 \t \u2022\t Y \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde pOH > pH\u2019dir. OH\u2212 \t Buna g\u00f6re, X ve Y \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ile ilgili ifade- I II III ler do\u011fru (D) yanl\u0131\u015f (Y) olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki HCI NH3 Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6- gibi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. zeltiler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u0130fade DY \t HCl ve NH3 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine sabit s\u0131cak- A)\tI. \u00e7\u00f6zelti bazik \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. l\u0131kta su eklendi\u011finde meydana gelen de\u011fi- B)\tIII. \u00e7\u00f6zelti suda CH3COOH \u00e7\u00f6- I Y \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi asidiktir. \u00fc II X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH\u2019si 7\u2019den b\u00fc- \u00fc \u015fiklikler ok (\u2192) ile belirtilmek isteniyor. z\u00fclerek haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olabilir. y\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t Bilgi NH3 C)\tIII. \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Olu\u015fan her iki \u00e7\u00f6zelti de \u00fc HCI saf su eklenirse pH azal\u0131r. elektri\u011fi iletir. III 1 pH art\u0131\u015f\u0131 IV \u0130\u00e7erdikleri H+ iyon deri\u015fimleri \u00fc 2 \u0130yonla\u015fma D)\tI. ve III. \u00e7\u00f6zelti kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa Y > X\u2019dir. y\u00fczdesi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 3 n\u00f6tralle\u015fme olur. V X turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n rengini \u00fc 4 \u0130letkenlik azal\u0131\u015f\u0131 5 E)\tII. \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pOH de\u011feri 5\u2019dir. k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya \u00e7evirir. \t \t Buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler- \t Buna g\u00f6re oklardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015f be- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: den hangisi hatal\u0131d\u0131r? lirtilmi\u015ftir? I. ve II. \u00e7\u00f6zelti baz iken, III. \u00e7\u00f6zelti \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 asittir. Asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine su ekle- nirse pH artar. Cevap: C 2.\t Bir maddenin kendi kendine iyonla\u015fmas\u0131- 4.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 0,1 M 100 mL HCl \u00e7\u00f6- Soru: zeltisine 0,2 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden x mL Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Ka de\u011feri 1.10\u20135 na otoiyonizasyon denir. olan HF asidinin x molar \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi eklendi\u011finde pH = 13 oluyor. \t H2O nun otoiyonizasyon tepkimesi haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, x de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t 2H2O(s) + \u0131s\u0131 \u0192 H3O+(suda)+OH\u2013(suda) Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH\u2019si 3 oldu\u011funa \t \u015feklinde olup 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de iyonla\u015fma sabiti g\u00f6re, HF\u2019nin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi (Ka) 1.10\u201314 t\u00fcr. \t A) 50\u2001 B) 100\u2001 C) 200\u2001 D) 250\u2001 E) 500 ka\u00e7 olur? \t Farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda haz\u0131rlanan 3 ayr\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6- A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,2\u2001 C) 0,5 zeltideki H3O+ ve OH\u2013 deri\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. [H3O+] OH\u2013 \u2001 D) 1\u2001 E) 5\u2001 (M) (M) S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C) X t1 5.10\u20138 1.10\u20137 5.\t Tesir de\u011ferli\u011fi 1 olan HX asidinin oda s\u0131cak- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki iyonla\u015fma sabiti (Ka) 1.10\u20137 dir. 5.10\u20138 2.10\u20137 HF(suda) \u0192 H(+suda) + F(\u2013suda) 2.10\u20137 1.10\u20137 10\u20133 10\u20133 Y t2 \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda HX ile haz\u0131rlanan 0,1 M x Z t3 [H+].[F\u2013] 10\u22123\u2006.\u200610\u22123 \t l\u0131k sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide, Ka\u200a=\u200a\u200a [HF] = x \u200a=\u200a\u200a \u200a1\u200a\u200a0\u22125 \t I.\t pH de\u011feri x = 0,1 M \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili, \t II.\t iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi 100\t 0,1 \t I.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k k\u0131yas\u0131 t3 > t2 > t1 \u015feklindedir. \t II.\t X ve Y \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin pH\u2019leri e\u015fittir. \t a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ve- ?\t 10\u20133 rilmi\u015ftir? \t III.\t Z \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH\u2019si, pOH\u2019sinden b\u00fc- 10\u22123\u2006.\u2006100 y\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t \t I \t II ? = 0,1 = 1 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A)\t 1\t 1 % 1 oran\u0131nda iyonla\u015f\u0131r. \t B)\t 1\t 0,1 Cevap: D \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t C)\t 2\t 0,1 \t D)\t 4\t 0,1 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t 4\t 0,01 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 185 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 23 6.\t Tampon \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- 9.\t Soru: den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 0,1 M pH NaOH Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 100 mL HCI \u00e7\u00f6- zeltisinin KOH ile titrasyonuna ait \t A) \tE\u015flenik asit - baz \u00e7ifti i\u00e7erirler. 7 grafik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t B) \tAsit ya da baz eklendi\u011finde pH de\u011fi\u015fi- b\u00fcret pH mine diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterirler. 1 7 \t C) \tNaF ve HF i\u00e7eren sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u00f6rnek V Eklenen verilebilir. erlen NaOH (mL) \t D) \tKuvvetli asit ve tuzu ile elde edilebilir- HCl 200 mL 1 ler. 200 Eklenen KOH \t E) \tKan bir tampondur. \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir miktar HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi- (mL) nin 0,1 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile titrasyonuna ait grafik yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, \t Buna g\u00f6re; I.\tKullan\u0131lan KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 0,05 molard\u0131r. \t I.\t Zamanla erlendeki \u00e7\u00f6zelti \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. II.\t100 mL KOH eklendi\u011fi anda \u00e7\u00f6- \t II.\t V = 200 mL dir. zeltide H+ > OH\u2013 dir. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti hacmi 300 mL iken i\u00e7erdi\u011fi OH\u2013 III.\tYeteri kadar KOH eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6- 7.\t HCN(Hidrosiyanik asit) son derece toksik iyon say\u0131s\u0131, H+ iyon say\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. zeltinin pH\u2019si 13 yap\u0131labilir. \u00f6zellikte olup, renksiz, ac\u0131 bademi and\u0131ran \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? kokulu bir gazd\u0131r. A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta Ka de\u011feri 1.10\u20139 olan \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III HCN i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular soruluyor. E) I, II ve III \t \u2022\t 0,1 M l\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH\u2019si ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t \u2022\t 0,001 M l\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki iyonla\u015fma \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 y\u00fczdesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r? MA.VA.td = MB.VB.td \t 10.\t XY ve ZT iyonik bile\u015fikleri ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- \u200a0\u200a ,1.100.1 = MB.200.1 \t \u2022\t 0,1 M 10 L \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini tamamen n\u00f6tral- \t le\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 gram NaOH gere- ki bilgiler veriliyor. \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200aMB = 0,05 M kir. 100 mL KOH eklendi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zelti halen asidiktir. H+ > OH\u2013 olur. \u2022\t 0,2 M 1 L \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini tamamen n\u00f6tralle\u015f- tirebilmek i\u00e7in 0,1 M Ca(OH)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisin- 0,05 M KOH eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki den ka\u00e7 L gerekir? OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi en fazla 0,05 molar yap\u0131labilir. pH = 13 olamaz. Sorular a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki cevaplar\u0131 ile e\u015fle\u015ftir- di\u011finde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangi se\u00e7enek Cevap: C a\u00e7\u0131kta kal\u0131r? (NaOH:40 g\/mol) Soru: Bile\u015fik Bilgi I.\tNaF \t A) 0,1\u2001 B) 1\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 5\u2001 E) 40 X2+ iyonlar\u0131 hidroliz olurken XY Y2\u2013 iyonlar\u0131 hidroliz olmaz. II.\tKCN III.\tFeCI3 ZT Hem Z2+ hem T2\u2013 iyonlar\u0131 hidroliz oluyor. Yukar\u0131dakilerden hangileri saf suda \t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimini art\u0131r\u0131r? \t Buna g\u00f6re, A) Yaln\u0131z I \t B) Yaln\u0131z II 8.\t I.\t Fe3+, Cr3+ katyonlar\u0131 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide asit \t I.\t XY asidik tuzdur. C) I ve II\t \t D) I ve III gibi davran\u0131r. \t II.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan ZT \u00e7\u00f6zel- tisinin pH de\u011feri 7 dir. E) I, II ve III \t II.\t HCO3\u2013 iyonu H2CO3 \u00fcn e\u015flenik asidi, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: CO32\u2013 nin e\u015flenik baz\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 0,1 M ZY tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH de\u011feri \t III.\t Bir asit ne kadar kuvvetli ise e\u015flenik 7\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bazik tuz olan NaF ve KCN suda \t baz\u0131 da o kadar kuvvetlidir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangilerinin do\u011frulu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimini kesindir? art\u0131r\u0131r. Asit ve bazlar ile ilgili yukar\u0131daki yarg\u0131- lardan hangileri do\u011frudur? Cevap: C \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 186 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 24 1.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan X, Y ve Z \u00e7\u00f6- 3.\t H2SO3(suda)+H2O(s)\u0192 Soru: zeltileri ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler veriliyor. \t HSO3\u2013(suda)+H3O+(suda) pH de\u011feri 13\u2019t\u00fcr. I \t X: pOH = 13 \t HSO3\u2013(suda) + HCO3\u2013(suda) \u0192 \t Y: pH \u2013 pOH = 4 \t SO32\u2013(suda)+H2CO3(suda) \t Z: pOH =6 \t denklemlerine g\u00f6re maddelerin asidik ve pH bazik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re Venn \u015femas\u0131 ha- z\u0131rlanmak isteniyor. 0,1 M NaOH \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin pH skalas\u0131na (cetveline) II 1 L, 25 \u00b0C III yerle\u015ftirilmesi hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Asit Baz 100 mL si 0,5 M 200 mL sine 20 mL HNO3 ile 200 mL saf su tam n\u00f6trle\u015fir. eklenirse pH = 12 olan \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. A) 7 B) I II III 0,1 M NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile ilgili veri- XZ X Y 7 \t len bilgilerden hangileri do\u011frudur? YZ A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t Buna g\u00f6re, maddelerden hangisinin C) I ve II\t\t C) 7 D) 7 yerle\u015ftirilece\u011fi b\u00f6lge yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? D) I ve III XY ZY Z Z E) I, II ve III E) 7 \t\tMadde\t B\u00f6lge \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Z XY \t A) \tH2CO3\t \t I\u2001 0,1 M NaOH \u2192 [OH\u2013] = 0,1 M \t B) \tHSO3\u2013\t \t II\u2001 \u2192 pOH = \u2013log[OH\u2013] \t C) \tHCO3\u2013\t \t I\u2001 \t D) \tSO32\u2013\t \t III\u2001 \u2192 pOH = 1, pH = 13\u2019t\u00fcr. \t E) \tH3O+\t \t I\u2001 MaVa = Mb.Vb \u2192 0,5.Va = 0,1.100 Va = 20 mL M1.V1 = M2.V2 \u2192 0,1.200 = M2.(200+200) M2 = 0,05 M pH = 12 olmaz\t Cevap: C Soru: 2.\t NaOH(k) HCO3\u2013(suda)+H2O(s) \u0192 Saf su CO32(\u2013suda) + H3O(+suda) 25 \u00b0C Yukar\u0131daki tepkimeye g\u00f6re, \t 25 \u00b0C deki saf suya sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir mik- tar NaOH eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. I.\tCO32\u2013, HCO3\u2013\u2006 nin konjuge baz\u0131- d\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu olayla ilgili \u00e7izilen, \t [H+] pH [H+].[OH\u2013] II.\tHCO3\u2013, H2O\u2019ya proton vermi\u015f- tir. III.\tHCO3\u2013\/ CO32\u2013 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tampon 4.\t 25\u2006\u00b0C de 8 gram NaOH \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnerek haz\u0131r- \u00e7\u00f6zeltidir. lanan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri 13 olarak yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor. A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t Bu \u00e7\u00f6zelti ile ilgili, C) I ve II \t D) I ve III \t I.\t Hacmi 2000 mL dir. E) I, II ve III \t II.\t Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir miktar H2O eklene- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: rek OH- iyon deri\u015fimi art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Aralar\u0131nda bir H+ fark\u0131 bulunan jmugaeddbealze\u0131rdd\u0131ern. HCCOO323\u2013\u2013,, HCO3\u2013\u200a\u200anin kon- \t III.\t 0,2 mol H2SO4 i\u00e7eren sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti ekle- H2O ya proton nerek pH = 7 olan \u00e7\u00f6zelti elde edilebilir. zaman zaman zaman vermi\u015ftir. \t I II III \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t E\u015fle\u015fik asit baz \u00e7iftleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r- \t grafiklerden hangileri do\u011frudur? (NaOH : 40 g\/mol) sa tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. Cevap: E \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t D) I ve III E) I, II ve III \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.A 2.E 3.C 4.A 187 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 24 5.\t 7A grubu halojenlerin hidrojenli bile\u015fikleri 8.\t 25 \u00b0C de haz\u0131rlanan 0,01 molar KOH \u00e7\u00f6- Soru: asit \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. Halojenlerin olu\u015ftur- zeltisine, du\u011fu bile\u015fiklerden HF zay\u0131f asit \u00f6zelli\u011fi \t I.\t Zn(k) su g\u00f6sterirken HCl kuvvetli asittir. \t II.\t 0,01 M HCl(suda) \t III.\t Saf su \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t maddelerinden hangileri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ek- \t I.\t HF sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde H+, F\u2013, OH\u2013 iyon- lendi\u011finde pH azal\u0131r? lar\u0131 yan\u0131s\u0131ra serbest halde HF molek\u00fcl- 0,1 M CH3COOH \t leri de bulunur. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II CH3COOH 400 mL \t II.\t HF\u2019nin Ka de\u011feri HCI ninkinden daha 100 mL b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Zay\u0131f bmirLas\u00e7i\u00f6tzoellatnisiCnHe3sCaObOiHt \u2019sn\u0131icna0k,-1 III.\t E\u015fit deri\u015fimde haz\u0131rlanan HCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 M 100 zeltisinin pH de\u011feri, HF sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi- l\u0131kta su eklenerek hacmi 400 mL nin pH\u2019sinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. ye tamamlan\u0131yor. 9.\t Asit Asitlik sabiti (Ka) Bu olayla ilgili, HX 1.10\u20135 I.\tAsidin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi artar. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 1 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III HY 1.10\u20139 II.\tH+ iyon deri\u015fimi 4 \u2019\u00fcne iner. \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t Tabloda HX ve HY asitlerinin oda s\u0131cakl\u0131- III.\tAsidin iyonla\u015fma sabiti (Ka) de- \u011f\u0131ndaki Ka(asitlik sabiti) de\u011ferleri verilmi\u015f- \u011fi\u015fmez. tir. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Buna g\u00f6re, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda HX ve HY ile haz\u0131rlan\u0131lan 0,1\u2006M deri\u015fimli \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II ile ilgili; C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III\t \t I.\t pH, \t II.\t iletkenlik, E) I, II ve III \t III.\t OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi \t niceliklerinden hangileri aras\u0131nda \t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: HY > HX ili\u015fkisi bulunur? Zay\u0131f asit ya da baz \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine 6.\t su eklenmesi iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesini art\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k sabit oldu\u011fundan 0,2 M 100 mL 0,6 M 200 mL Ka de\u011fi\u015fmez. Hacim 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131- KOH HCI k41ar\u2019\u0131\u00fcldn\u0131e\u011f\u0131innedrakenCHH+3CiyOoOnHderid\u015fiemri\u015fi im41 i \u00fcne inmez. H+ \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t \u015eekilde kaplarda bulunan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler kar\u0131\u015f- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 a t\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra su eklenerek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n a hacmi 1000 mL ye tamamlan\u0131yor. 4 \t Buna g\u00f6re, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 10.\t Asit Cevap: D bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide OH\u2013 iyon deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mo- Klorasetik asit Form\u00fcl\u00fc Ka lar olur? Nitr\u00f6z asit CH2ClCOOH 1,4.10\u20133 Hipoklor\u00f6z asit 6,5.10\u20134 Soru: \t A) 1.10\u20131\u2001 B) 2.10\u20132\u2001 C) 5.10\u20132\u2001 Benzoik asit HNO2 3,1.10\u20138 \t \u2001 D) 1. 10\u201312\u2001 E) 1. 10\u201313\u2001 HClO 25\u2006\u00b0C de K\u00e7\u00e7 de\u011feri 4.10\u20138 olan XY tuzunun 5\u2006L lik doymu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6- C6H5COOH 6,5.10\u20135 zeltisinde ka\u00e7 mol \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f XY bulunur? A) 9.10\u20135 \t B) 2.10\u20135 \t Baz\u0131 asitlerin oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki iyonla\u015fma sabiti (Ka) de\u011ferleri tabloda verilmi\u015ftir. C) 1.10\u20134\t \t D) 2.10\u20134 \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu asitler i\u00e7inden en kuv- \t E) 1.10\u20133 vetli ve en zay\u0131f olan\u0131 hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 7.\t 2,24 gram KOH i\u00e7eren 16 L sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye \t\t En kuvvetli \t En zay\u0131f XY(k) \u0192 X(+suda) + Y(\u2013suda) hacim de\u011fi\u015fimi olmadan x mol Ca(OH)2 sss kat\u0131s\u0131 eklenerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \t A) \tCH2ClCOOH\t HNO2 \t B) \tCH2ClCOOH\t HClO K\u00e7\u00e7 = s2 = 4.10\u20138 \t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH si \t C) \tHClO\t \t s = 2.10\u20134 M 12 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re x de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? CH2ClCOOH n\u200a=\u200aM.V\u200a=\u200a2.10\u20134\u200a.\u200a5 \u00b4 1.10\u20133 mol \t D) \tHClO\t \t HNO2 \t (KOH:56 g\/mol) HClO \t E) \tHNO2\t \t Cevap: E \t A) 0,03\u2001 B) 0,05\u2001 C) 0,06 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t\u2001 D) 0,12\u2001 E) 0,20\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 188 5.A 6.E 7.C 8.E 9.D 10.B","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 3 Test \/ 25 1.\t 4.\t \u0130deal piston Soru: N2(g) N2(g) X(s) + mY(g) \u0192 nZ(g) H2(g) H2(g) N2H4(g) Yukar\u0131daki tepkimede minimum \t Yukar\u0131daki kapta sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, enerji e\u011filimi \u00fcr\u00fcnler, maksimum \t \u015eekildeki kapta, d\u00fczensizlik e\u011filimi girenler lehi- \t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) nedir. \t H2(g) + CI2(g) \u0192 2HCI\t \u2206H < 0 \t tepkimesinin dengeye ula\u015fma s\u00fcreci ile \t tepkimesi dengede iken X Buna g\u00f6re tepkime ile ilgili, ilgili, sistemin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131- I.\tEkzotermiktir. \t I.\t Zamanla gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu artar. \u011f\u0131nda x niceli\u011fi zamanla, \t II.\t Kap hacmi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 de\u011ferinin yar\u0131s\u0131- grafikteki gibi de\u011fi\u015fiyor. II.\tm > n dir. na d\u00fc\u015fer. III.\tSabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kap hacmi \t III.\t Maksimum d\u00fczensizlik e\u011filimi \u00fcr\u00fcnler azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa Z nin deri\u015fimi ar- tarken, X ve Y ninki azal\u0131r. lehinedir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Buna g\u00f6re, x niceli\u011fi, A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II \t I.\t deri\u015fimler cinsinden Zaman C) I ve II\t\t D) II ve III denge sabitinin de\u011feri E) I, II ve III \t II.\t gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t III.\t ileri tepkime h\u0131z sabitinin de\u011feri \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t verilenlerden hangileri olabilir? \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Tepkimelerde minimum enerji e\u011fi- 2.\t t \u00b0C de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III limi \u0131s\u0131 alan tarafa do\u011frudur. Bu e\u011filim \u00fcr\u00fcnler lehine ise tepkime- \t \t NH4CI(k) \u0192 NH3(g) + HCI(g) \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 de \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdedir. Tepkime ekzo- termiktir. (I do\u011fru) \t tepkimesinin deri\u015fimler cinsinden denge sabiti 0,04\u2019t\u00fcr. Tepkimelerde maksimum d\u00fczen- \t Buna g\u00f6re, 20 litrelik bir kapta 265 gram sizlik e\u011filimi gaz molek\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131- NH4CI kat\u0131s\u0131 ile ba\u015flat\u0131lan tepkime t \u00b0C de dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapta ka\u00e7 gram n\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu tarafa do\u011frudur. NH4CI kat\u0131s\u0131 bulunur? (NH4CI:53) 5.\t NH4+ + H2O \u0192 NH3 + H3O+ Bu e\u011filim girenler lehine ise tep- kime girenler k\u0131sm\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkime ve tepkimedeki gaz vard\u0131r. m > n dir. (II do\u011fru) maddeler ile ilgili, Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kap hacmi azal- \t I.\t Asit \u2013 baz tepkimesidir. t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tepkimedeki t\u00fcm gaz- lar\u0131n deri\u015fimi artarken, kat\u0131 ve \t A) 26,5 B) 53 C) 79,5 D) 106 E) 212 \t II.\t NH4+, tepkimede proton verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n deri\u015fimi de\u011fi\u015fmez. 3.\t bazd\u0131r. (III yanl\u0131\u015f) 1 \t III.\t H3O+ , H2O\u2019nun konjuge asittir. Cevap: C N2(g) 2 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? H2(g) N2H4(g) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t \u015eekildeki kapta, \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t N2H4(g) \u0192 N2(g) + 2H2(g) 6.\t Fe3+ + 8H2O \u0192 Fe(OH)\u20134 + 4H3O+ \t tepkimesi dengedeyken sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta pis- \t Yukar\u0131daki denkleme g\u00f6re, ton 1 konumundan 2 konumuna getiriliyor. \t I.\t Fe3+ asidik \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip bir iyondur. \t Buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan etki ile, \t II.\t Fe(OH)4\u2212 iyonu asidiktir. \t I.\t ileri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131, \t III.\t Olu\u015fan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide pH, pOH\u2019tan b\u00fc- \t II.\t ileri tepkime h\u0131z sabitinin de\u011feri, \t III.\t geri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t niceliklerinden hangileri artar? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 1.A 2.B 3.E 4.C 5.D 6.A 189 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 3 Test \/ 25 Soru: 7.\t 10.\t \u2022\t NH3 zay\u0131f baz 10\u22124 M 0,1 M \t \u2022\t HNO3 kuvvetli asit \t \u2022\t NaOH kuvvetli baz N2(g) HX(suda) HY(suda) H2(g) \t \u2022\t HF zay\u0131f asit NH3(g) \t \u2022\t HX kuvvetli, HY zay\u0131f asittir. \t \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin pH de\u011ferleri e\u015fittir. \t Yukar\u0131daki maddeler aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan tuzlarla ile ilgili; \u015eekildeki kapta, \t Yukar\u0131daki verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re HY\u2019nin N2(g)\u200a+\u200a3H2(g)\u200a\u2192\u200a2NH3(g) \u2206H\u200a<\u200a0 asitlik sabitinin de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t I.\t NH4NO3 tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde kat- yon hidrolize u\u011frar. tepkimesi dengededir. \t A) 10\u2009\u2013\u20094\u2001 B) 10\u2009\u2013\u20095\u2001 C) 10\u2009\u2013\u20096 Buna g\u00f6re, sistem ile ilgili, \t II.\t NaF tuzunun sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde pH, pOH den b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. I.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k sabittir. \t\u2001 D) 10\u2013\u20097\u2001 E) 10\u2013\u20098\u2001 \t III.\t NaNO3 tuzu ve NaOH baz\u0131 ile haz\u0131rla- II.\tTepkime e\u015fit mol say\u0131da N2 ve nan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti tampondur. H2 gaz\u0131 ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fsa N2 nin denge deri\u015fimi, H2 ninkinden \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? fazlad\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III III.\tS\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa denge sabi- tinin de\u011feri azal\u0131rken hem ileri 8.\t VV \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 hem de geri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 ar- tar. x M 0,02 M 11.\t XY ve ZT2 tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n t \u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su- H2A YOH daki molar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc e\u015fittir. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Buna g\u00f6re, t \u00b0C\u2019de tuzlar ile ilgili, A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) I ve II \t Yukar\u0131da verilen \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler bo\u015f bir kapta \t I.\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131, XY > ZT2 \t kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda pH\u2019si 7 \u015feklindedir. C) I ve III\t\t D) II ve III olan bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fuyor. \t II.\t Doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde iyon deri\u015fimi fazla E) I, II ve III H2A kuvvetli asit ve YOH kuvvetli baz olan ZX2\u2019dir. oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, x\u2019in de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t III.\t E\u015fit hacimli doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde \u00e7\u00f6- z\u00fcnen k\u00fctlesi az olan XY\u2019dir. Dengedeki sistemlerde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir \t A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,2\u2001 C) 0,01 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- \u00f6zellikler (s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ...) sa- \t \u2001 D) 0,02\u2001 E) 0,001\u2001 rudur? bittir. (I do\u011fru) Tepkimede N2\u2019den n, H2\u2019den 3n \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III mol harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 mol- leri e\u015fitse dengede N2\u2019nin miktar\u0131, 9.\t pH \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 bas\u0131nc\u0131, deri\u015fimi H2\u2019den fazlad\u0131r. (II do\u011fru) 12.\t Ekzotermik tepkimelerde s\u0131cak- 7 X+(suda) l\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 denge sabitinin de\u011ferini 1 Y\u2212(suda) azalt\u0131rken h\u0131z sabitlerinin de\u011feri artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ileri ve geri tepkime h\u0131z\u0131 artar. (III do\u011fru) Cevap: E Eklenen XY(k) 100 Y hacmi (mL) \t 200 mL X sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin Y \u00e7\u00f6zeltisiyle \t Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme denklemi, titrasyonuna ait grafik yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t XY(k) \u0192 X+(suda) + Y\u2009(\u2013suda)\t \u2206H < 0 \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t \u015feklinde olan XY tuzunun kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6- \t I.\t X asit, Y ise bazd\u0131r. zeltisi ile ilgili, \t II.\t X \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 deri\u015fimi 1 mo- \t I.\t Doygundur. lard\u0131r. \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa dipteki kat\u0131 k\u00fctlesi \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti hacmi 300 mL ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda artar. ortamda H+ ve OH\u2009\u2013 bulunmaz. \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme h\u0131z\u0131 artar. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I\u2009ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I,\u2009II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE 190 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.E","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 4 Test \/ 26 1.\t H2(g) + CI2(g) \u0192 2HCI(g) 4.\t \t tepkimesinin t \u00b0C\u2019de deri\u015fimler cinsinden Soru: denge sabitinin de\u011feri 1\/4 t\u00fcr. H2(g) \t 2 litrelik bir kapta 1 mol HCI gaz\u0131 ile ba\u015f- HBr(g) lat\u0131lan tepkime t \u00b0C\u2019de dengeye ula\u015ft\u0131- \u011f\u0131nda kapta HCI deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 mol L\u2013\u20091 Br2(s) 0,1 M olur? \t \u015fekildeki kapta t\u00b0C de, HX(suda) \t A) 0,1\u2001 B) 0,2\u2001 C) 0,3\u2001 D) 0,4\u2001 E) 0,5 \t \t H2(g) + Br2(s) \u0192 2HBr(g) HX zay\u0131f asidinin \u015fekildeki \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t tepkimesi dengededir. tisi ile ilgili, 2.\t \t Buna g\u00f6re, sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yap\u0131lan, \t I.\t piston a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya itme, I. \u0007Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ilavesi N2(g) \t II.\t uygun bir kataliz\u00f6r ekleme iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesini art\u0131r\u0131r. H2(g) NH3(g) II. \u0007Bir miktar NaX tuzu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrse tampon \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. \t III.\t H2(g) ekleme III. \u0007pH de\u011feri 5 ise HX in asitlik sabitinin de\u011feri 10\u20135\u2019tir. \t etkilerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na geri yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? tepkime h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r? A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) I ve II \t \u015eekildeki kapta ekzotermik oldu\u011fu bili- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve\u2009III C) I ve III\t\t D) II ve III nen, E) I, II ve III \t \t N2(g) + 3H2(g) \u0192 2NH3(g) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t tepkimesi dengede iken yap\u0131lan, \t I.\t Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta N2(g) ekleme, 5.\t HX : Kuvvetli asit \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t II.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltma \t III.\t Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta NH3(g) ekleme \t HY : Zay\u0131f asit Zay\u0131f asitlerin deri\u015fimi azald\u0131k\u00e7a \t etkilerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na kaptaki \t Yukar\u0131da t\u00fcrleri verilen bile\u015fiklerle ilgili, iyonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi artar.\t t\u00fcm maddelerin deri\u015fimlerini artt\u0131r\u0131r? (I do\u011fru) \t I.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda pH de\u011feri ayn\u0131 olan Zay\u0131f asit (HX) ve tuzlar\u0131 (NaX) sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde deri\u015fimleri e\u015fittir. ile haz\u0131rlanan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler tam- \t II.\t Tamamen n\u00f6trle\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in gerekli pon \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. (II do\u011fru) NaOH mol say\u0131s\u0131 e\u015fitse \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen mol Zay\u0131f asitlerde H+ deri\u015fimi, say\u0131s\u0131 fazla olan HX\u2019tir. H+ = (Ca . Ka\u200a)1\/2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z \u2009III \t III.\t Saf su ilavesi ile HY\u2019nin iyonla\u015fma y\u00fcz- form\u00fcl\u00fcyle hesaplan\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 desi artar. De\u011ferleri yerine yazarak Ka y\u0131 he- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? saplayal\u0131m. 10\u20135 = (0,1.Ka\u200a)1\/2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z\u2009III Ka = 10\u20139 (III yanl\u0131\u015f) Cevap: B 3.\t H2(g) + F2(g) \u0192 2HF(g) \u2206H < 0 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 ,,,,,,,,,,,, \t tepkimesinin t \u00b0C de deri\u015fimler cinsinden 6.\t Monoprotik zay\u0131f asitlerde H+ deri\u015fimi, denge sabitinin de\u011feri 2\u2019dir. \t H+ = (Ka\u2009.\u2009Ca)1\/2 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile hesaplan\u0131r. \t 1 L hacimli kaba 2\u2019\u015fer mol H2 ve HF ile \t(Ka : Asitlik sabiti, 1mol F2 gaz\u0131 dolduruluyor. \t Ca = Asidin molar deri\u015fimi) \t Buna g\u00f6re, sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ekle- \t Buna g\u00f6re, nerek hacmi 4 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan HX zay\u0131f \t I.\t Sistem dengededir. asidi ile ilgili, \t II.\t Kaba sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir mol HF ve \t I.\t Molar deri\u015fimi d\u00f6rtte birine d\u00fc\u015fer. 1,25 mol F2 gaz\u0131 eklenirse sistem den- \t II.\t H+ molar deri\u015fimi yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer. gede olur. \t III.\t \u0130yonla\u015fma y\u00fczdesi yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer. \t III.\t Kap \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa denge sabitinin de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve\u2009III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve\u2009III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.A 2.C 3.E 4.E 5.C 6.B 191 K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 4 Test \/ 26 Soru: 7.\t HF(suda) NaF(k) 10.\t XCI2 tuzunun 2.10\u20132 M NaCI sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- Toplam iyon deri\u015fimi (mol L\u20131) H2O(s) sindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10\u2013\u20094 M, n M X(NO3)2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2.10\u2013\u20094 M 4 .10\u2013 3 dir 1. kap 2. kap 3. kap \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t XCI2\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 2.10\u20136 d\u0131r. Zaman \t \u015eekilde verilenlere g\u00f6re, \t II.\t n\u2019nin de\u011feri 1\u2019dir. \t XYn tuzunun doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin I.\t 1. kaptaki s\u0131v\u0131 3. kaba bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131rsa ba- \t III.\tXCI2\u2019nin ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf sudaki \u00e7\u00f6- haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda iyon deri- \t zik bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 10\u20132 M\u2019dir. \u015fimi zamanla grafikteki gibi de- \u011fi\u015fmektedir. \t II.\t 2. kaptaki s\u0131v\u0131 3. kaba bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131rsa tam- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? pon \u00e7\u00f6zelti olu\u015fur. Buna g\u00f6re XYn tuzu ile ilgili, \t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III I. n = 1 ise, K\u00e7\u00e7\u2019si 4.10\u20136 d\u0131r. \t III.\t 1. ve 2. kaptaki s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa n\u00f6tr- II. \u0007n = 3 ise, K\u00e7\u00e7\u2019si 2,7.10\u201311 dir. \t le\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 III. \u0007Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ilavesi yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? ile iyon deri\u015fimi de\u011fi\u015fmiyorsa \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin dibinde XYn kat\u0131s\u0131 A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I\u2009ve III vard\u0131r. \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) I ve II 8.\t Deri\u015fimi bilinmeyen 200 mL NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zel- 11.\t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan C) I ve III\t\t D) II ve III tisi erlene al\u0131n\u0131yor. \u00dczerine birka\u00e7 damla t\u00b0\u200aC\u2019deki doygun \u00e7\u00f6zeltide fenolftalein indikat\u00f6r\u00fc damlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6- iyon deri\u015fimi s mol L\u2009\u20131 E) I, II ve III zelti pembe renk al\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye deri- dir. \u015fimi 0,5 M olan HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi damla damla eklenerek NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, t \u00b0C\u2019de, Fe3(s+uda) OH\u2212(suda) \t D\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131na (renk pembeden renk- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: size d\u00f6nene) kadar yap\u0131lan HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t I.\t Fe(OH)3 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sarfiyat\u0131 30 mL ise NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin de\u011feri 27 s4 t\u00fcr. Tuz XY olsayd\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 deri\u015fimi ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? XY \u0192 X+ + Y\u2013 \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltiye bir miktar Fe(NO3)2 kat\u0131s\u0131 ek- s ss lenirse Fe(OH)3 \u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azal\u0131r. 2s = 4.10\u20133 \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zelti doygundur ancak dengede de- \u200a\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200as\u2009 = 2.10\u20133 M \t A) 0,025\u2001 B) 0,050\u2001 C) 0,075 \u011fildir. K\u00e7\u00e7 = [X+].[Y\u2013] \t\u2001 D) 0,75\u2001 E) 1,5\u2001 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131n hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? = 2.10\u20133 . 2.10\u20133 9.\t Deri\u015fim (mol L\u22121) Y\u2212 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III K\u00e7\u00e7 = 4.10\u20136 (I do\u011fru) XYn Tuz XY3 olsayd\u0131, 2\u2006.\u200610\u22123 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 XY3 \u0192 X3+ + 3Y\u2013 10\u22123 s s 3s 4s = 4.10\u20133 s = 10\u20133 M Zaman K\u00e7\u00e7 = [X3+].[Y\u2013]3 \t Yukar\u0131da XYn iyonik bile\u015fi\u011finin doygun \u00e7\u00f6- 12.\t t \u00b0C de CaCO3 i\u00e7in, = 10\u20133 . (3.10\u20133)3 zelti haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda XYn ve Y\u2009\u2013 de- ri\u015fiminin zamanla nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi verilmi\u015ftir. \tK\u00e7\u00e7 = 4.10\u2009\u20138 dir. 0,2 gram = 2,7.10\u201311 (II do\u011fru) Buna g\u00f6re XYn tuzu ile ilgili, \t I.\t form\u00fcl\u00fc, \t \u015eekildeki kapta bulunan CaCO3(k) Ayn\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saf su ilavesi ile \t II.\t molar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc CaCO3(k) \u00fczerine saf su iyon deri\u015fiminin de\u011fi\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in \t III.\t \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 eklenerek t\u2009\u00b0C de doygun dipte XYn kat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ge- \t \u00f6zelliklerinden hangileri belirlenebilir? rekir. (III do\u011fru) \t \u00e7\u00f6zelti haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Cevap: E kat\u0131n\u0131n %\u200920\u2019sinin hala \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmedi\u011fi belir- leniyor. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I\u2009ve III \t Buna g\u00f6re, haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7\u00f6zelti ka\u00e7 litre- \t dir? (CaCO3 : 100) K\u0130MYASAL TEPK\u0130MELERDE DENGE \u00dcN\u0130TE - 6 \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A)\u20092\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 8\u2001 E) 10 192 7.B 8.C 9.E 10.B 11.D 12.D","\u00dcN\u0130TE 7 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: anot, elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc, elektrolit, elektrolitik h\u00fccre, elektroliz, elektrot, Faraday sabiti, galvanik h\u00fccre, indir- genme, katodik koruma, katot, korozyon, metal kaplamac\u0131l\u0131k, metallerin aktiflik s\u0131ras\u0131, redoks, standart elektrot potansiyeli, tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, yar\u0131 h\u00fccre, y\u00fckseltgenme \u25ba\t \u0130NDIRGENME-Y\u00dcKSELTGENME TEPKIMELERINDE ELEKTRIK AKIMI \t Redoks tepkimelerini tan\u0131r. \t a. \t Y\u00fckseltgenme ve indirgenme kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t b.\t Redoks tepkimeleri denkle\u015ftirilerek yayg\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenler (O2, KMnO4, H2SO4, HNO3, H2O2) ve indirgenler (H2, SO2) tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. \t c. \t \u0130yonik redoks tepkimelerinin denkle\u015ftirilmesine girilmez. \t Redoks tepkimeleriyle elektrik enerjisi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a. \t \u0130ndirgen-y\u00fckseltgen aras\u0131ndaki elektron al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin do\u011frudan temas d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yolla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmaya- ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde durulur. \t b. \t Elektrik enerjisi ile redoks tepkimesinin istemlilik\/istemsizlik durumu ili\u015fkilendirilir \u25ba\t ELEKTROTLAR VE ELEKTROKIMYASAL H\u00dcCRELER \t Elektrot ve elektrokimyasal h\u00fccre kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Katot ve anot kavramlar\u0131, indirgenme-y\u00fckseltgenme ile ili\u015fkilendirilerek ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \t b.\t Elektrot, yar\u0131-h\u00fccre ve h\u00fccre kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t c.\t \u0130nert elektrotlar\u0131n hangi durumlarda gerekli oldu\u011fu belirtilir. \t \u00e7.\t Pillerde tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015flevi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t d.\t Zn\/Cu elektrokimyasal pili deneyi yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; bili\u015fim teknolojilerinden (animasyon, sim\u00fclasyon, video vb) yarar- lan\u0131larak da a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \u25ba\t ELEKTROT POTANSIYELLERI \t Redoks tepkimelerinin istemlili\u011fini standart elektrot potansiyellerini kullanarak a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Standart yar\u0131 h\u00fccre indirgenme potansiyelleri, standart hidrojen yar\u0131 h\u00fccresi ile ili\u015fkilendirilir. \t b.\t Metallerin aktiflik s\u0131ras\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t c.\t \u0130ki ayr\u0131 yar\u0131 h\u00fccre aras\u0131ndaki istemli redoks tepkimesinin, standart indirgenme potansiyelleri ile ili\u015fkilendirilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t \u00e7.\t Standart olmayan ko\u015fullarda elektrot potansiyellerinin hesaplanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilir. \u25ba\t KIMYASALLARDAN ELEKTRIK \u00dcRETIMI \t Standart ko\u015fullarda galvanik pillerin voltaj\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rnekler vererek a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t Lityum iyon pillerinin \u00f6nemini kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirerek a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t \u00d6\u011frencilerin lityum iyon pilleri ve g\u00fcncel kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir poster haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fta sunmalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u25ba\tELEKTROLIZ \t Elektroliz olay\u0131n\u0131 elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131, zaman ve de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayan madde k\u00fctlesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t 1 mol elektronun toplam y\u00fck\u00fc \u00fczerinden elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc-k\u00fctle ili\u015fkisi kurulmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t b.\t Y\u00fck birimi Coulomb (C) tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \t c.\t Faraday ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanarak bu ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. \t \u00e7.\t \u00d6\u011frencilerin Faraday ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elektronik tablolama program\u0131 kullanarak kurgulamalar\u0131, de\u011ferleri de\u011fi\u015ftire- rek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemeleri ve yorumlamalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \t d.\t Kaplama deneyi yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \t Kimyasal maddelerin elektroliz y\u00f6ntemiyle elde edili\u015f s\u00fcrecini a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t Suyun elektrolizi ile hidrojen ve oksijen eldesi deneyi yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\tKOROZYON \t Korozyon \u00f6nleme y\u00f6ntemlerinin elektrokimyasal temellerini a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t a.\t Korozyon kavram\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t b.\t Korozyondan koruma s\u00fcreci metallerin aktiflik s\u0131ras\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilir; kurban elektrot kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \t c.\t Kurban elektrodun kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na \u00f6rnekler verilir.","Y\u00dcKSELTGENME BASAMA\u011cI Test \/ 1 1.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerden hangisinde 4.\t I.\t NO \u2192 NO3\u2212 Y\u00fckseltgenme Basama\u011f\u0131 (Say\u0131s\u0131) y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 ve iyon y\u00fck\u00fc \t II.\tSO2 \u2192 SO42\u2212 \u2022\t Bir atomun molek\u00fcl ve bile\u015fik kavramlar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t III.\t Cr3+ \u2192 CrO42\u2013 i\u00e7inde sahip oldu\u011fu elektrik \t A)\t Elementel halde bulunan atomlar\u0131n y\u00fcke y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. \t IV.\t ClO\u2212 \u2192 ClO3\u2212 denir. Bir taneci\u011fin y\u00fckselt- \t B)\t Hidrojen (1H)atomu iyonik bile\u015fiklerin- de 1\u2212 , kovalent bile\u015fiklerinde 1+ y\u00fck- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimelerde al\u0131nan genme basama\u011f\u0131 ile y\u00fck\u00fc ka- seltgenme basama\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. veya verilen elektron say\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131n- r\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ba2+ iyonunun y\u00fck\u00fc 2+, y\u00fckseltgen- \t C)\t Baz\u0131 elementler bile\u015fiklerinde farkl\u0131 daki ili\u015fki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde me basama\u011f\u0131 2+ dir. y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131na sahip ola- do\u011fru olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? bilir. \u2022\t Metallerde y\u00fckseltgenme ba- \t D)\t Flor elementi t\u00fcm bile\u015fiklerinde 1\u2212 \t A)\t I > II > III > IV samaklar\u0131 iyon y\u00fck\u00fcne e\u015fittir. iyon y\u00fck\u00fcne sahiptir. Fe2+, Hg2+, Ca2+, Na1+, AI3+, Zn2+ \t E)\t Sodyum (11Na) elementi bile\u015fiklerinde \t B)\t IV > II > I = III yaln\u0131zca 1+ iyon y\u00fck\u00fcne sahip olabilir. \t C)\t III > I = II> IV \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t D)\t IV > I = III > II \t E)\t I > III> II > IV \u2022\t Y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa- \u011f\u0131daki genellemeler yap\u0131labilir. 1.\t Element halde bulunan atomlar ve molek\u00fcllerin y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r kabul edil- mi\u015ftir. \t Na0, Ag0, Mg0, Al0, Zn0, O20, N20, P40, S80, ... v.b. 2.\t 1A grubu (alkali metaller) bile- \u015fiklerinde daima 1+ y\u00fckseltgen- me basama\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. \t Na1+, K1+, Cs1+, ... v.b. 2.\tNH3 bile\u015fi\u011fi ile NH2a iyonunda azot (N) 5.\tK2Cr2O7\u2019de bulunan Cr atomunun y\u00fck- 3.\t2A grubu (Toprak alkali metal- ler) bile\u015fiklerinde daima 2+ y\u00fck- atomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131 seltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? seltgenme basama\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \t NH2a iyonunda a de\u011feri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \tMg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, ... v.b. hangisidir? \t A) +2\u2001 B) +3\u2001 C) +4\u2001 D) +5\u2001 E) +6 4.\t3A grubu (Toprak metalleri) \t A) \u22121\u2001 B) 0\u2001 C) +1\u2001 D) +2\u2001 E) +5 elementlerinden Al\u00fcminyum sadece 3+ y\u00fckseltgenme basa- ma\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. Al3+ 5.\t1A grubunda yer alan ve ame- tal olan H atomu, amatellerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kovalent bile\u015fiklerde +1, metallerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyonik bile- \u015fiklerde \u22121 y\u00fckseltgenme basa- ma\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. 6.\tOksijen atomu genelde bile- \u015fiklerinde \u22122 (oksit), peroksit 3.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da poliatomik iyonlarda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 6.\t I.\t K2SO3 bile\u015fiklerinde \u22121, Flor ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerde +2 y\u00fckseltgenme renkli yaz\u0131lan atomlardan hangisinin basama\u011f\u0131 al\u0131r. y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t II.\t NaHCO3 \t CaO\u2019de O(\u22122), \t III.\t Mg3(PO3)2 \t OF2\u2019de O(+2) ... v.b. \t IV.\t Na2CrO4 \t H2O2\u2019de O(\u22121), K2O2, BaO2 ... v.b. \t \u0130yon Y\u00fckseltgenme Basama\u011f\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerden hangilerinde 7.\tFlor t\u00fcm bile\u015fiklerinde \u22121 y\u00fck- alt\u0131 \u00e7izili atomlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme basa- seltgenme basama\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. \tA)\tMnO14\u2212\t \t +7 \tB)\tPO34\u2212\t \t +5 ma\u011f\u0131, NO2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki N atomu ile \t C)\t CO23\u2212\t \t +3 ayn\u0131d\u0131r? \tD)\tCN1\t \u2212 \t +2 \t A) I ve II\u2001 B) III ve IV\u2001 C) I, II ve III \tE)\tC2O24\u2212\t \t +3 \t \u2001 D) I, II ve IV\u2001 E) I, III ve IV\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.E 6.A 195 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","Y\u00dcKSELTGENME BASAMA\u011cI Test \/ 1 8.\tBile\u015fiklerde atomlar\u0131n y\u00fckselt- 7.\t 2. periyot 4A grubundaki X elementi ile 11.\t XO42 \u2212 \u200aiyonunda X elementinin y\u00fckseltgen- 6A grubundaki Y elementinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu genme basamaklar\u0131 toplam\u0131 XY\u200aa3 iyonunda X ve Y elementleri en karar- me basama\u011f\u0131, YaO42 \u2212 \u200a iyonundaki Y elemen- l\u0131 y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131na sahiptir. tinin y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. s\u0131f\u0131ra, k\u00f6k iyonlarda ise iyon \t Buna g\u00f6re, y\u00fck\u00fcne e\u015fitlenir. \t I.\t a de\u011feri 2\u2019dir. \t II.\t Y elementinin y\u00fckseltgenme say\u0131s\u0131, \tCaF2 bile\u015fi\u011finde; \t Buna g\u00f6re, iyon y\u00fck\u00fc (a) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? +4\u2019d\u00fcr. \tCa + 2(F) = (+2) + 2(\u22121) = 0 \t III.\t \u0130yonlardaki atom say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fittir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \tNH3 bile\u015fi\u011finde; \t A) 1\u2212\u2001 B) 2\u2212\u2001 C) 0\u2001 D) 1+\u2001 E) 2+ \tN + 3(H) = \u22123 + 3.(+1) = 0 \tSO4\u22122 iyonunda; \tS + 4.(O) = +6 + 4.(\u22122) = \u22122 \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \tNO3\u22121 iyonunda; 8.\t I.\t Na2XO4 ,\t MgY2O7 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \tN + 3.(O) = +5\u2006+\u20063.(\u22122) = \u22121 Y(NO3)3 \t II.\t X2O3 \u2006, \t \t III.\t X2O2 \u200a, \t X3PO4 Soru: \t Yukar\u0131da verilen madde \u00e7iftlerinden SO\u200a32\u2212 iyonunda S\u2019nin y\u00fckseltgenme hangilerinde X ve Y atomlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck- basama\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? seltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 S + 3(\u22122) = \u22122 S = +4 9.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen iyonlardan hangisinde 12.\t 3Cu + 8X + \u2192 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O alt\u0131 \u00e7izili taneci\u011fin y\u00fckseltgenme basa- \t Yukar\u0131da verilen denkle\u015fmi\u015f redoks tepkimesinde X ile g\u00f6sterilen bile\u015fikte ma\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? bulunan atomlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme ba- Soru: samaklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? CCI4 bile\u015fi\u011finde C\u2019nin y\u00fckselt- \u0130yon Y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 \t genme basama\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \tA)\tCr2O72\u2212\t \t 6+ \t A) 1+, 5+, 2\u2212\u2001 B) 1+, 3+, 2\u2212\u2001 C) 2+, 4+, 1\u2212 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \tB)\tH2O2\t \t 1+ \t C)\t OF2\t \t 2\u2212 \u2001 D) 1+, 1+, 3\u2212\u2001 E) 1+, 3\u2212, 2\u2212\u2001 C + 4(\u22121) = 0 \tD)\tNH3\t \t 3\u2212 C = +4 \t E)\t CaO2\t \t 1\u2212 10.\t I.\t HCI 13.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen bile\u015fiklerden hangisinde \t II.\t NaH oksijen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama y\u00fckseltgen- \t III.\t OF2 me basama\u011f\u0131 tam say\u0131 de\u011fildir? \t Yukar\u0131da verilen bile\u015fiklerin hangilerin- de k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli yaz\u0131lan atomlar\u0131n y\u00fck- seltgenme basamaklar\u0131 \u22121\u2019dir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) CaO2\u2001 B) H2O2\u2001 C) MgSO4 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) KO2\u2001 E) H2CO3\u2001 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 196 7.B 8.E 9.C 10.E 11.D 12.A 13.D","REDOKS TEPK\u0130MELER\u0130 Test \/ 2 1.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden hangisi redoks 4.\t5Fe2+ + MnO\u22124 + 8H+ \u2192 \u0130ndirgenme \u2212 Y\u00fckseltgenme (Redoks) Tepkimeleri tepkimesidir? 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O Bir taneci\u011fin elektron vermesi olay\u0131na y\u00fckseltgenme, elektron \t A)\t Na2O + 2HCI \u2192 2NaCI + H2O \t Yukar\u0131da verilen denkle\u015fmi\u015f redoks almas\u0131 olay\u0131na indirgenme ad\u0131 \t B)\t CaO + CO2 \u2192 CaCO3 tepkimesi i\u00e7in, verilir. \t C)\t NH3 + HCI\u2192 NH4CI \t D)\t SO3 + 2NaOH \u2192 Na2SO4 + H2O \t I.\t Fe2+ iyonu, MnO \u22124 iyonunu indirgemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t E)\t MnO2 + 4HCI \u2192 MnCI2 + 2H2O + CI2 \t II.\t Y\u00fckseltgen madde MnO \u22124\u2006\u2019dir. Zn(k) + CuCI2(suda) \u2192 \t III.\t Fe2+, MnO\u22124\u2006\u2019den daha iyi y\u00fckseltgendir. \t yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Cu(k) + ZnCI2(suda) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III tepkimesi incelendi\u011finde Zn atom- lar\u0131n\u0131n Zn2+ iyonuna, Cu2+ iyonun \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 2 elektron alarak Cu atomuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu nedenle Zn y\u00fckseltgenmi\u015f, Cu2+ indirgenmi\u015f- tir. Ayn\u0131 anda hem indirgenme hem- de y\u00fckseltgenme olay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek- le\u015fti\u011fi olaylara indirgenme- y\u00fck- 2.\t CuO(k) + H2(g) \u2192 Cu(k) + H2O(g) seltgenme (redoks) tepkimesi ad\u0131 \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, verilir. \t I.\t CuO indirgenmi\u015ftir. 5.\t \u0130ndirgenme \u2212 y\u00fckseltgenme tepkimele- Y\u00fckseltgenme- indirgenme tepki- \t II.\t H2 indirgen maddedir. \t III.\t Bir cins atomun y\u00fckseltgenme basa- ri ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yan- melerinde, bir tanecik indirgen- ma\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? di\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki maddeden \t yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri do\u011fru- elektron al\u0131r. Bu durumda kar\u015f\u0131- dur? \t A)\t Y\u00fckseltgenen maddenin y\u00fckseltgen- s\u0131ndaki maddenin y\u00fckseltgenme- me basama\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r. sini sa\u011flar. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bir tane- cik y\u00fckseltgendi\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \t B)\t Elektron veren madde indirgen \u00f6zellik maddeye elektron verir yani kar- \u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki maddenin indirgenmesi- g\u00f6sterir. ni sa\u011flar. \t C)\t Elektron alan maddenin y\u00fckseltgenme \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II basama\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r. \t D)\t Elektron alan ve veren madde ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr Redoks tepkimelerinde; \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t Elektron veren yani y\u00fckseltgenen maddeye indirgen madde denir. olabilir. \t E)\t Y\u00fckseltgen maddelerde en az 1 ato- \u2022\t Elektron alan yani indirgenen mun y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r. maddeye y\u00fckseltgen madde denir. \u2022\t \u0130ndirgen maddenin y\u00fckseltgen- me basama\u011f\u0131 artarken y\u00fck- seltgen maddenin y\u00fckseltgen- me basama\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r. 3.\t 3Cu2S + 5KCIO3 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 \u2022\t Y\u00fckseltgenme ve indirgenme bir tepkimede ayn\u0131 anda olur. 6CuSO4 + 5KCI + 3H2O 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 maddeler ve redoks tepki- \u2022\t KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, halojenler \t tepkimesi i\u00e7in, melerindeki \u00f6zelli\u011fi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (F2, CI2, Br2, I2), H2O2, HNO3, \t I.\t Cu2S bile\u015fi\u011findeki atomlar y\u00fckseltgen- H2SO4, O2, O3, gibi maddeler \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden han- yayg\u0131n y\u00fckseltgen maddelerdir. mi\u015ftir. gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u2022\t H2 ve SO2 yayg\u0131n olarak kulla- \t II.\t Y\u00fckseltgen madde KCIO3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t III.\t H2SO4 redoksa girmemi\u015ftir. Madde \u00d6zellik n\u0131lan indirgen maddelerdir. \t yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri do\u011fru- \t A)\t KMnO4\t \t Y\u00fckseltgen dur? \t B)\t SO2\t \t \u0130ndirgen \t C)\t K2Cr2O7\t \t Y\u00fckseltgen \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve III \t D)\tH2 \t \t \u0130ndirgen \t E)\t Cl2 \t \t \u0130ndirgen \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.E 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.E 197 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","REDOKS TEPK\u0130MELER\u0130 Test \/ 2 MnO2(k) + 4HCI(suda) \u2192 7.\t Veri; \t \u015feklindeki yal\u0131n \u00e7ubuk ato- 9.\t 2Ca(k) + O2(g) \u2192 2CaO(k) mun s\u0131f\u0131r y\u00fckseltgenme sa- MnCI2(suda) + CI2(g) + 2H2O(s) \t \t tepkimesi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? tepkimesini inceleyelim. y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \t A)\t Ca atomunun y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 Tepkime esnas\u0131nda Mangan 4+\u2019 \t \t \u015feklindeki \u00e7ubuk atomun po- artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t zitif y\u00fckseltgenme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131ndan 2+ \t B)\t \u0130ndirgen madde O2\u2019dir. \t \t \u015feklindeki \u00e7ubuk atomun \t C)\t \u0130ndirgenen madde O2\u2019dir. y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131na iki elekt- negatif y\u00fckseltgenme say\u0131- \t D)\t \u0130ndirgeyen madde Ca\u2019d\u0131r. \t s\u0131n\u0131 \t E)\t O2\u2019nin y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 azal- ron alarak indirgenmi\u015ftir. Mangan\u0131n \t \t g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130yonlardaki alt\u0131 \u00e7izili atom- m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. indirgenmesine HCI sebep olmu\u015ftur. \t lar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenmi\u015f durumdan indirgenmi\u015f \t duruma ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131 ile, Bu y\u00fczden HCI indirgen maddedir. ve Klor HCI\u2019de \u22121 iken CI2\u2019de s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. CI\u2212 iyonlar\u0131 elektron vererek y\u00fckselt- Buna g\u00f6re, I.\t CIO\u2212 \u2006ve CI\u2212 genmi\u015ftir. Klorun y\u00fckseltgenmesine II.\t NO\u22123 \u2006ve NH\u22122 MnO2 sebep oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00fckseltgen maddedir. \u2022\t \u0130ndirgenen mangan (Mn); +4\u2019den +2\u2019ye geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fckseltge- nen klor atomlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131: \u22121\u2019den 0\u2019a geldikleri i\u00e7in y\u00fck- seltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 (say\u0131s\u0131) artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2022\t \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme \u2212 \u00e7\u00f6kelme, asit \u2212 baz, \t III.\t BrO3\u2212 \u2006ve Br\u2212 10.\t I.\t CO(g) \u2192 CO2(g) n\u00f6tralle\u015fme... v.b. tepkimeler d\u0131- \t yukar\u0131daki iyon \u00e7iftlerinden hangileri \u015f\u0131nda, tepkimelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011fun- g\u00f6sterimdeki gibi uygun de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6s- \t II.\t SO2(g) \u2192 SO42(\u2212suda) lu\u011fu redoks tepkimeleri oldu\u011fu \t termi\u015ftir? i\u00e7in kimyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli tepki- \t III.\t H2S(g) \u2192 S8(k) meleri indirgenme \u2212 y\u00fckseltgen- A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II me tepkimeleridir. \t yukar\u0131da verilenler tepkimelerden han- gilerinde y\u00fckseltgenme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ek- \u2022\t CuO(k) + H2SO4(s) \u2192 \t \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I,II ve III\u2001 le\u015fmi\u015ftir? CuSO4(suda) + H2O(s), \t NH3(g) + HCI(g) \u2192 NH4CI(k), \t NaOH(suda) + HCI(suda) \u2192 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III NaCI(suda) + H2O \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t ... v.b. tepkimelerde elementle- rin y\u00fckseltgenme basamaklar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in redoks de\u011fil- dirler. \u2022\t Mangal k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yanmas\u0131, pas olay\u0131, magnezyum \u015feridinin yanmas\u0131, Hidrojenin oksijenle su olu\u015fturmas\u0131, havai fi\u015fekler- lerin patlamas\u0131 gibi olaylar re- doks tepkimeleridir. 8.\t CI2(g) + NaOH(suda) \u2192 NaCIO(suda) + NaCI(suda) + H2O(s) 11.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da y\u00fckseltgen madde ve indirgenme \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t I.\t CI2 hem indirgenmi\u015f, hem y\u00fckseltgen- \t Buna g\u00f6re, verilenlerden hangisi yan- mi\u015ftir. l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t II.\t \u0130ndirgenme \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc NaCl\u2019dir. Y\u00fckseltgen \u0130ndirgenme \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \t III.\t NaOH indirgenme veya y\u00fckseltgenme \t A)\t MnO\u22124 \t \t Mn2+ tepkimesi vermemi\u015ftir. \t B)\t MnO\u22124 \t \t MnO2 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t C)\t Cr2O27\u2212 \t \t Cr3+ \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t D)\t NO\u22123 \t\t N2O5 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t NO\u22123 \t\t NH+4 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 198 7.E 8.E 9.B 10.E 11.D","REDOKS TEPK\u0130MELER\u0130 - REDOKS TEPK\u0130MELER\u0130N\u0130N DENKLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 Test \/ 3 1.\t Redoks tepkimeleriyle ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- 4.\t 3Cu(k) + 8X(suda) \u2192 Redoks Tepkimelerinin lerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 3Cu(NO3)2(suda) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(s) Denkle\u015ftirilmesi \t A)\t Elektron veren madde y\u00fckseltgenir. \t B)\t Tepkime esnas\u0131nda al\u0131nan verilen \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, \u2022\t Redoks tepkimelerinde al\u0131nan ve- rilen elektron , atom say\u0131s\u0131 ve elektron say\u0131s\u0131 daima e\u015fittir. \t C)\t Bir madde ayn\u0131 anda hem indirgen \t I.\t \u0130ndirgenme-y\u00fckseltgenme tepkimesidir. toplam y\u00fck korunur. Bu neden- hem de y\u00fckseltgen olabilir. \t II.\t X ile g\u00f6sterilen madde 3 t\u00fcr atom i\u00e7e- le tepkimeler denkle\u015ftirilirken \t D)\t \u0130ndirgen olan maddede en az 1 taneci- belirli kurallara uyulur. Bu ku- ren bir bile\u015fik molek\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u011fin y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r. rallara g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle tepkime- \t E)\t Bir madde i\u00e7erisinde bulunan tanecik- \t III.\t 1 mol Cu, 2 mol elektron vermi\u015ftir. de y\u00fckseltgenen ve indirgenen ler ayn\u0131 anda y\u00fckseltgenebilir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? tanecikler bulunarak y\u00fckselt- genme ve indirgenme tepkime- 2.\t KMnO4 + Na2SO3 + H2O \u2192 leri yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra bu tepki- MnO2 + Na2SO4 + KOH \t tepkimesi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II meler al\u0131nan ve verilen elektron say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlenmesi i\u00e7in ge- hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A)\t KMnO4 bile\u015fi\u011finde Mn\u2019nin y\u00fckseltgen- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 rekli i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131r. me basama\u011f\u0131 +7\u2019dir. \t Bir \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinden anlatmak \t B)\t Na2SO3 indirgen maddedir. \t C)\t En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denkle\u015ftirildi- gerekirse, \u011finde H2O\u2019nun katsay\u0131 1 olur. \t C+H2SO4 \u2192 CO2 + SO2 + H2O \t D)\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131lar ile denk- \t tepkimesi denkle\u015ftirilirken, le\u015ftirilirse al\u0131nan-verilen elektron say\u0131s\u0131 6 olur. 1.\t Tepkimede bulunan her bir ta- \t E)\t Tepkimenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi esnas\u0131nda necik (atom veya iyon) i\u00e7in ortam\u0131n pH de\u011feri azal\u0131r. y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 bulu- nur. 3.\t NaOH + CI2 \u2192 NaCIO3 + NaCI + H2O 5.\t Ag(k) + HNO3(suda) \u2192 \t C0 + H+26S+O24\u2212 \u2192 4C+O2\u22122 + 4S+O2\u22122 \t tepkimesi en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tam say\u0131larla denk- le\u015ftirilirse, giren ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin katsay\u0131la- AgNO3(suda) + NO2(g) + H2O(s) 2.\tY\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi- r\u0131 toplam\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, \u015fen tanecikler i\u00e7in y\u00fckseltgen- \t A) 21\u2001 B) 20\u2001 C) 18\u2001 D) 15\u2001 E) 9 \t I.\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denk- me veya indirgenme tepkimesi 1.D 2.E 3.C 4.E 5.A 6.C yaz\u0131l\u0131r. le\u015ftirilirse H2O\u2019un katsay\u0131s\u0131 1 olur. \t Y\u00fckseltgenme: \t II.\t HNO3\u2019de N atomlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 in- dirgenmi\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme C0 \u2192 C4+ + 4e\u2212 \t basama\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. \t \u0130ndirgenme: \t S4++ 2e\u2014 \u2192 4S+ \t III.\t Y\u00fckseltgen madde HNO3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 3.\tY\u00fckseltgenme ve indirgenme C) I ve II tepkimelerinde al\u0131nan ve verilen \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 elektron say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fitlemek i\u00e7in her bir tepkime uygun sa- y\u0131larla geni\u015fletilir ve tepkimeler toplan\u0131r. \t C0 + 2S6+\u2192 C4++ 24S+ 4.\tOlu\u015fan redoks tepkimesi ana tepkimeye yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. 6.\t Al(k) + Zn2(s+uda) \u2192 Al3(s+uda) + Zn(k) \t C + 2H2SO4 \u2192 CO2 + 2SO2 \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, 5. Atom e\u015fitli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in H2O\u2019ya katsay\u0131 eklenir. \t I.\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tam say\u0131larla denk- le\u015ftirilirse giren ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 \t C\u2006+\u20062H2SO4\u2192CO2\u2006+\u20062SO2\u2006+\u20062H2O toplam\u0131 10\u2019dur. \t II.\t Zn2+ y\u00fckseltgen \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \t III.\t Zn, Al\u2019den daha iyi indirgendir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 199 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","REDOKS TEPK\u0130MELER\u0130 - REDOKS TEPK\u0130MELER\u0130N\u0130N DENKLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 Test \/ 3 Soru: 7.\t Cl2 + KOH \u2192 KCl + KClO3 + H2O 10.\t C + H2SO4 \u2192 CO2 + SO2 + H2O Br2 + CI2 + H2O \u2192 HBrO + HCI \t tepkimesi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, tepkimesi i\u00e7in, hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t I.\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denk- I.\tBr2 indirgendir. \t A)\t Cl2 hem indirgen hem de y\u00fckseltgen le\u015ftirilirse suyun katsay\u0131s\u0131 2 olur. II.\tEn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck katsay\u0131larla denk- \t \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \t II.\t Y\u00fckseltgenmi\u015f madde karbondur. le\u015ftirilirse H2O\u2019nun katsay\u0131s\u0131 4 \t B)\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131lar ile denk- olur. \t le\u015ftirilirse KClO3\u2019nin katsay\u0131s\u0131 KCl\u2019nin \t III.\t \u0130ndirgen madde H2SO4\u2019t\u00fcr. katsay\u0131s\u0131ndan 4 fazla olur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? III.\tCI2 indirgenmi\u015ftir. C)\t En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denkle\u015ftirildi- \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve III yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u011finde H2O\u2019nun katsay\u0131 3 olur. A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II D)\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131lar ile denk- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 le\u015ftirilirse reaktiflerin ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kat- C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III E) I, II ve III say\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131 e\u015fit olur. \t E)\tK+ tepkimede seyirci iyondur. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 0 0 +1 2\u2212 + + 2\u2212 + \u2212 8.\t Normal \u015fartlarda 6,72 litre hacim kapla- 11.\t P + I2 + H2O \u2192 P(OH)3 + HI Br2 + CI2 + H2O \u2192 HBrO + HCI yan H2S gaz\u0131n\u0131n HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde, \t tepkimesi en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denkle\u015fti- \tH2S(g) + HNO3(suda) \u2192 riliyor. Y\u00fckseltgenme tepkimesi Br2 \u2192 2Br+ + 2e\u2013 S(k) + NO(g)+ H2O(s) \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re tamamen reaksiyona \u0130ndirgenme tepkimesi \t I.\t Girenlerin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131 11\u2019dir. CI2 + 2e\u2013 \u2192 2CI\u2013 girmesi sonucu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan NO gaz\u0131 ka\u00e7 gramd\u0131r? (N:14, O:16) \t II.\t H2O\u2019nun katsay\u0131s\u0131 6\u2019d\u0131r. Bu tepkimeler toplan\u0131rsa, \t III.\t Y\u00fckseltgenme basama\u011f\u0131 artan madde Br2 + CI2 \u2192 2Br+ + 2CI\u2013 \t A) 3\u2001 B) 6\u2001 C) 9\u2001 D) 12\u2001 E) 15 tepkimesi elde edilir. I2\u2019dir. 9.\t En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denkle\u015ftirilen, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Ana tepkimeye yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa, \t a HNO3 + b Br2 \u2192 c HBrO3+ d NO + e H2O \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II Net tepkime = \t tepkimesi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Br2+CI2 + 2H2O \u2192 2HBrO + 2HCI hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 12.\t Mg + Fe2O3 \u2192 MgO + Fe \u2022\tBr2\u2019nin y\u00fck\u00fc artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ne- denle y\u00fckseltgenen maddedir. \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, Y\u00fckseltgenen maddeler indir- gen \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. (I do\u011fru) \t I.\t Mg atomlar\u0131n\u0131n tepkime esnas\u0131nda \u00e7ap\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2022\t En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tam say\u0131larla denk- le\u015ftirilirse H2O\u2019nun katsay\u0131s\u0131 2 \t II.\t Tepkime en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tamsay\u0131larla denk- olur. (II yanl\u0131\u015f) le\u015ftirilirse \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin katsay\u0131lar\u0131 toplam\u0131 5 olur. \u2022\t CI2\u2019nin y\u00fck\u00fc azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ne- denle indirgenmi\u015ftir. \u0130ndirgenen \t III.\t Fe atomlar\u0131n\u0131n her biri 3 elektron al- maddeler y\u00fckseltgendir. m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t (III do\u011fru) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Cevap: D \t A)\t Br2 , HNO3\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 indirgen \u00f6zellik g\u00f6s- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II terir. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t B)\t (c+d+e) de\u011feri (a+b) de\u011ferinden 2 ek- K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K siktir. 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.E \t C)\t 1 mol HNO3 , 3 mol elektron alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t D)\t Tepkime esnas\u0131nda ortam\u0131n asidik ka- rakteri azal\u0131r. \t E)\t H ile O atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselkgen- me\u2006\u2212\u2006indirgenme tepkimesi olu\u015fma- m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 200"]