farklı kadro yayınları ayt sorubankası 2021

["AKT\u0130FL\u0130K Test \/ 4 1.\t Nikel (Ni) metali Cu2+ iyonlar\u0131 ile tepkime 3.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimeler kendili\u011finden ger- Elementlerde Aktiflik vermekteyken , Zn2+ iyonlar\u0131 ile tepkime \u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \u2022\t Bir element veya iyonun tep- vermemektedir. \t Magnezyum metali (Mg), Zn2+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 \t \u2022\t X + R2+ \u2192 X2+ + R kimeye girme iste\u011fine aktiflik indirgemektedir. ad\u0131 verilir. Metallerin aktifli\u011fi \t Baz\u0131 maddelere ait yukar\u0131da verilen bil- \t \u2022\t R + 2Y+ \u2192 R2+ 2Y elektron verme e\u011filimi, ame- gilere g\u00f6re; \t \u2022\t Y + Z+ \u2192 Y+ + Z tallerde aktiflik elektron alma \t I.\t Metallerin aktiflikleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki,\t e\u011filiminin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olarak yorum- Mg > Zn > Ni > Cu \u015feklindedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, lan\u0131r. \t II.\t Cu2+ iyonu; Ni, Mg ve Zn metallerini \t I.\t En iyi indirgen madde X\u2019dir. y\u00fckseltger. \t Y\u00fckseltgenme e\u011filimi b\u00fcy\u00fck olan metaller kendinden daha \t III.\t Ni\u2019den yap\u0131lan kapta, Mg2+ veya Zn2+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler saklanamaz. \t II.\t En pasif metal Z\u2019dir. pasif metallerin katyonlar\u0131n\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t III.\t Z\u2019den yap\u0131lan kapta X, R ve Y\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6- indirgeyebilirken daha aktif metallerin katyonlar\u0131n\u0131 indirge- zeltileri saklanabilir. yemez. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Metalik aktifli\u011fi X\u2006>\u2006Y\u2006>\u2006Z \u015fek- linde olan 3 metal i\u00e7in \u015fu yo- \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III rumlarda bulunulmak m\u00fcm- k\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 \u2022\t X metali Y+ veya Z+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 indirgeyerek kendisini y\u00fckselt- geyebilir. Bu nedenle Y+ ve Z+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerde X me- tali y\u00fckseltgenerek a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Y+ ve Z+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zel- 4.\t X2+ > Y+ > Z2+ > T3+ tiler X metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 katyonlar i\u00e7in indirgenme kapta saklanamaz. potansiyeli ili\u015fkisi verilmi\u015ftir. \u2022\t Y metali kendisinden pasif bir metal olan Z metalinin kat- \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tepkimelerden yonunu indirgeyerek kendisini hangisi kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir? y\u00fckseltgeyebilirken, aktif olan X metalinin katyonunu indir- geyemez. Bu nedenle Y+ iyonu \t A)\t X + 2YCl \u2192 XCl2 + 2Y i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler X metalinden \t B)\t 2T3+ + 3Z \u2192 2T + 3Z2+ yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kaplarda saklanamaz- \t C)\t 3Y + TCl3 \u2192 T + 3YCl ken, Z metali yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kaplarda saklanabilir. \t D)\t 3X + 2TCl3 \u2192 3XCl2 + 2T 2.\t X Y Z \u2022\t Z metali kendisinden aktif olan \t E)\t Z + XCl2 \u2192 ZCl2 + X X ve Y metallerinin katyonunu indirgeyemez. Bu nedenle Z+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler X ve Y metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kaplarda saklanamaz. Y2+ Z2+ X2+ 5.\t Halojen\u00fcrlerin anyon halleri i\u00e7in elektron 1. kap 2. kap 3. kap verme e\u011filimleri, \tI\u2212 > Br\u2212 > CI\u2212 > F\u2212 \t Yukar\u0131da bulunan 1. kaptaki metal \u00e7ubuk a\u015f\u0131nmaktayken, 2. ve 3. kaptaki metal \u00e7u- \t \u015feklindedir. buklar a\u015f\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re; \t Buna g\u00f6re X, Y ve Z metalleri ile ilgili, \t I.\t F2 gaz\u0131 HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fin- \t I.\t Aktiflikleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki Z > Y > X de CI2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \u015feklindedir. \t II.\t \u0130ndirgenme potansiyeli en y\u00fcksek olan \t II.\t X metali en iyi indirgendir. halojen F2\u2019dir. \t III.\t Y2+ iyonu bulunan bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti, Z meta- \t III.\t HBr \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine I2 kat\u0131s\u0131 elkenirse, Br2 linden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta saklanabilir. s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) I, II, ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.E 5.B 201 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","AKT\u0130FL\u0130K Test \/ 4 Soru: 6.\tB2+ + D \u2192 D2+ + B tepkimesi istemli, 9.\t Ni, Sn, Cu ve H2 elementlerinin elektron \u2022\tZn(k) + CuSO4(suda) \u2192 \tB2+ + A \u2192 A2+ + B tepkimesi istemsiz, verme e\u011filimleri Ni > Sn > H2 > Cu \u015feklin- ZnSO4(suda) + Cu(k) \tD2+ + C \u2192 C2+ + D tepkimesi istemli dedir. \u2022\tMg(k) + NiSO4(suda) \u2192 \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlere g\u00f6re A, B, C, D ele- \t Buna g\u00f6re, MgSO4(suda) + Ni(k) mentlerinin elektron verme e\u011filimlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe s\u0131ralan\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- \t I.\t Cu metali H2 gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle \u2022\t Ni(k) + Cu(NO3)2(suda) \u2192 lerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? HNO3\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir. Ni(NO3)2(suda) + Cu(k) \t A) C, D, B, A\t\t B) C, B, D, A \t II.\t Ni metali Sn2+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltide \t Sn2+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 Sn\u2019ye indirgeyebilir. yukar\u0131da verilen tepkimeler kendi- \t C) B, A, C, D\t D) A, B, C, D li\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \t III.\t En iyi y\u00fckseltgen elementi Ni\u2019dir. Buna g\u00f6re, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olur? E) C, A, B, D\u2001 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III I.\tZn metalinin aktifli\u011fi Cu meta- \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 linden y\u00fcksektir. II.\tMg metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta Ni2+ iyonu i\u00e7eren bir \u00e7\u00f6- zelti saklanamaz. III.\tEn iyi indirgen Cu2+ iyonudur. 10.\t Elementler veya iyonlar ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olur? dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II 7.\t I.\t G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta tuz ruhu \t A)\t Metallerin elektron verme, ametallerin elektron alma e\u011filimine aktiflik denir. C) Yaln\u0131z III\t D) I ve II (HCI) saklanabilir. \t B)\t Metalik aktiflik, periyodik tabloda sola E) I ve III \t II.\t Bak\u0131rdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta kezzap ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru artar. (HNO3) saklanamaz. \t C)\t Aktifli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan metaller, aktifli\u011fi \t III.\t Al\u00fcminyumdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta kire\u00e7 nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan metallerin katyon- lar\u0131n\u0131 indirger. s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. \t D)\t Standart hidrojen elektrot potansiyeli \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri do\u011fru- s\u0131f\u0131r kabul edilerek di\u011fer elementlerin dur? (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri =\t standart indirgenme veya y\u00fckseltgen- \u2022\t Zn metali y\u00fckseltgenerek Zn2+ Ca > Al > H2 > Cu > Ag) me potansiyelleri hesaplan\u0131r. iyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Cu2+ iyo- nunu Cu metaline indirgemek- \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t E)\t Standart y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli ne- tedir. Bu nedenle Zn metali Cu \t gatif olan metaller pozitif olanlardan metalinden aktiftir. \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 daha aktiftir. \u2022\t Mg metali Ni2+ iyonu ile tepki- me verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Mg metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta Ni2+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zelti saklanamaz. \u2022\t Cu2+ t\u00fcm iyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 indir- gendi\u011fi i\u00e7in en iyi y\u00fckseltgendir. Cevap: D 8.\t \u015eekilde YCI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi bu- X(k) 11.\t Elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ns1 ile sonlanan X, Y ve lunan kaba X metali ba- Y2+ Z metalleri ile bu metallerin iyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131n- t\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zamanla Y2+ CI\u2212 da olu\u015fan, iyon deri\u015fimi azalmakta- d\u0131r. \t \u2022\t X(k) + Y+ \u2192 X+ + Y(k) \t \u2022\tY(k) + Z+ \u2192 Y+ + Z(k) \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t tepkimelerin kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmek- tedir. \t A)\tY2+ y\u00fckseltgendir. \t B)\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltide X metaline ait iyon deri\u015fimi \t Buna g\u00f6re X, Y ve Z elementlerinin tam dolu orbital say\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki artar. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? \t C)\t X\u2019in aktifli\u011fi Y\u2019den fazlad\u0131r. \t D)\t Y\u2019den yap\u0131lan kapta X\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi sak- \t A) X > Y > Z\t\t B) X > Z > Y lanabilir. \t C) Y > Z > X\t\t D) Z > X > Y \t E)\t X, y\u00fckseltgen \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 E) Z > Y > X 202 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 6.A 7.A 8.E 9.B 10.E 11.A","ELEKTROT POTANS\u0130YELLER\u0130 Test \/ 5 1.\t X, Y, Z metalleri ile ilgili olarak; 3.\t \u2022\t X metali deri\u015fik H2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile re- Elektrot potansiyelleri aksiyona girdi\u011finde SO2 gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131- \t \u2022\tZ2+ iyonun elektron alma e\u011filimi X2+ ve yor. Bir elementin aktifli\u011fi girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Y2+ iyonun elektron alma e\u011filimlerinden tepkimelere g\u00f6re belirlenebilir. Bu- k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t \u2022\t Y metali deri\u015fik HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile tepkime nunla birlikte standart potansiyel \t \u2022\t Y metali asitlerle H2 gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kara- vermiyor. ad\u0131 verilen bir de\u011fi\u015fken ile aktifli- cak \u015fekilde tepkime verir. \t \u2022\t Z metali HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile tepkime ver- \u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunun i\u00e7in \t \u2022\t X metali sadece HNO3, H2SO4 gibi asit- miyor. \u00f6ncelikle aktifli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclecek mad- lerle tepkime verirken HCl, HBr gibi asit- denin standart hidrojen elektrodu lerle tepkime vermemektedir.\t \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fturmu\u015f oldu\u011fu po- \t bilgileri veriliyor. kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? tansiyel de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t A)\tZ+n iyonu i\u00e7eren bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti, Y metalin- \t I.\t Metallerin aktiflikleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, \t den yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta saklanamaz. Standart Hidrojen Elektrodu (SHE) Z > Y > X \u015feklindedir. \t B)\t Z metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli Elektrokimyasal h\u00fccrelerde tek bir \t II.\t Z metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapta Y2+ ve X2+ negatiftir. iyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler saklanabilir. elektrodun indirgenme veya y\u00fck- \t III.\t X metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli- \t C)\t X metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli seltgenme potansiyellerini deney- nin de\u011feri negatiftir. sel olarak tespit etmek i\u00e7in di\u011fer H2\u2019den y\u00fcksektir. elektrotlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t D)\t Y metali, H2SO4 ile tepkime verir. uygun referans elektrot se\u00e7ilir. Ge- \t E)\t X metali, HNO3 ile NO gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131ka- leneksel referans elektrot olarak r\u0131r. se\u00e7ilen bu elektrot, 25\u2006\u00baC, 1 atmos- fer bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 1\u2006M H+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \t A) I, II, ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye dald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f platin elekt- rotdur. Bu elektrodun y\u00fckseltgen- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 me potansiyeline 0 de\u011feri verilerek di\u011fer maddelere ait potansiyeller hesaplan\u0131r. Pt: HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile tepkime vermez. Gaz giri\u015fi Platin tel H2 gaz\u0131 i\u00e7eren cam t\u00fcp PH2\u2006=\u20061 atm 4.\t X Y Z H+ CI\u2212 Pt(k) elektrot 2.\t\t\t\tE0 (volt) Standart hidrojen elektrodu (SHE) \tK \u2192 K+ + e\u2013\t +2,92 Bir maddenin standart ko\u015fullarda SHE una kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f oldu\u011fu \t Ca \u2192 Ca2+ + 2e\u2013\t +2,87 Y2+ Z3+ X+ potansiyele standart potansiyel 1. kap 2. kap 3. kap ad\u0131 verilir. Standart potansiyel E0 \t Ag \u2192 Ag+ + e\u2013\t \u22120,80 ile g\u00f6sterilir. \t Cu \u2192 Cu2+ + 2e\u2013\t \u22120,34 Bir maddenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ola- ya g\u00f6re standart y\u00fckseltgenme \t Baz\u0131 metallerin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyel- \t Yukar\u0131da X, Y ve Z metallerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya standart indirgenme po- leri yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. kaplardan sadece II. sinde a\u015f\u0131nma g\u00f6zlen- \t Buna g\u00f6re, memektedir.\t tansiyeli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Y\u00fckseltgenme \t I.\t Ag+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zelti Cu metalinden \t Buna g\u00f6re X,Y ve Z metalleri ile ilgili, potansiyeli pozitif olan metallere yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapta saklanabilir. aktif metal, negatif olan metal- \t I.\t 3X + Z3+\u2192 3X+ + Z tepkimesinin stan- lere ise yar\u0131 soy veya soy metal \t II.\t Cu2+ iyonu K ve Ca atomlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselt- ad\u0131 verilir. ger. dart potansiyeli pozitiftir. \t III.\t Ag+ iyonu i\u00e7eren bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye potas- \t II.\t Y metali HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden H2 gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131- \u00d6rne\u011fin; yum (K) elementi at\u0131l\u0131rsa metalik g\u00fc- \u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa Z metali H2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zelti- Cu(k) \u2192 Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 Ey0\u00fck = \u22120,34 V m\u00fc\u015f (Ag) kat\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fur. sinden SO2 gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Na(k) \u2192 Na+ + e\u2212 \u200aE\u200a y0\u00fck = 2,71 V \t III.\t Z, en iyi indirgendir. Yukar\u0131daki de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re Cu yar\u0131 soy metaldir. Bu sebeple H+ iyo- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? nunu indirgeyemez. Na aktif me- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III taldir. H+ iyonunu indirger. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 203 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","ELEKTROT POTANS\u0130YELLER\u0130 Test \/ 5 Elektrot, Elektrolit ve Yar\u0131 H\u00fccreler 5.\t Bir deneyde AgNO3 elektrolitine; 7.\t 2CI\u2212 \u2192 CI2(g) + 2e\u2212\t E0 = \u22121,36V E0 = \u22120,53V \u2022\t Bir metalden olu\u015fmu\u015f iletken \t \u2022\t X metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ubuk bat\u0131r\u0131l- \t2I\u2212 \u2192 I2(k) + 2e\u2212\t E0 = \u22122,87V metal levhaya elektrot, elekt- d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elektrolitteki bulunan iyon mikta- \t2F\u2212 \u2192 F2(g) + 2e\u2212\t rokimyasal tepkimenin ger- r\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi, \t Yukar\u0131da CI\u2212, I\u2212, F\u2212 iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n standart y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. \u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6- \t \u2022\t Y metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ubuk bat\u0131r\u0131l- zeltilere elektrolit, elektrot ve d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elektrolitteki iyon miktar\u0131n\u0131n de- elektrolitten olu\u015fan d\u00fczeneklere \u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ancak k\u00fctlenin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \t Buna g\u00f6re, yar\u0131 h\u00fccre denir. X(k) \t \u2022\t Z metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ubuk bat\u0131r\u0131l- \t I.\t F2, CI2, I2\u2019nin ametalik aktiflikleri, d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zeltide herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik \t\tI2 > CI2 > F2 \u015feklindedir. bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \t II.\t En iyi y\u00fckseltgen F2\u2019dir. \t III.\t CI\u2212, F2\u2019yi indirger. \t belirlenmi\u015ftir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifadelerden han- gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II X(2s+uda) \t A)\t Y metali bile\u015fiklerinde 1+ iyon y\u00fck\u00fcne \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 sahip olabilir. 8.\t Zn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Zn\t E\u00ba = \u22120,76V \t B)\t X metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli, Y metalinden fazla olabilir. \t Mg2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Mg\t E\u00ba = \u22122,37V \tFe2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Fe\t E\u00ba = \u22120,44V \t C)\t Y metalinin mol a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ag\u2019den fazlad\u0131r. \t Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Cu\t E\u00ba = +0,34V D)\t X metali Z+ iyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckseltgen \t Sn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Sn\t E\u00ba = \u22120,14V Elektrot Potansiyelleri \t \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir. \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 katyonlara ait indirgenme \u2022\t Bir yar\u0131 h\u00fccrenin \u00e7\u00f6zelti deri- \t potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. \u015fimleri 1 M iken 25 \u00baC ve 1 at- E)\t AgNO3 i\u00e7eren bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti Z metalinden mosfer bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen yap\u0131lan bir kapta saklanabilir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da reaktifleri verilen tep- say\u0131sal de\u011ferlerine standart po- kimelerden hangisi kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ek- tansiyel denir. E\u00ba ile g\u00f6sterilir. le\u015fmez? \t \u00d6rne\u011fin; \t A) Sn(k) + ZnCl2(suda) \u2192 \t B) Mg(k) + CuSO4(suda) \u2192 \t Zn\u2019nin standart y\u00fckseltgenme \t C) Fe(k) + AgNO3(suda) \u2192 potansiyeli 0,76 volttur. Buna \t D) Fe(k) + HCl(suda) \u2192 g\u00f6re 1\u2006M Zn2+ iyonu i\u00e7eren Zn \t E) Zn(k) + CuCl2(suda) \u2192 \u00e7ubuk bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131 h\u00fccre- nin standart ko\u015fullarda potansi- yeli standart hidrojen elektrodu- na g\u00f6re 0,76 volt daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \tZn(k) \ufffd Zn2+ + 2e\u2212 6.\t X2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 X\t E0 = \u20132,37 volt 9.\t Pb2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Pb(k)\t E0 = \u22121,13 volt E\u00ba = 0,76V E0 = \u20133,05 volt E0 = +0,34 volt \tY+ + e\u2013 \u2192 Y\t \t E0 = 1,50 volt \t Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Cu(k)\t E0 = \u22120,00 volt \t Cu\u2019nun standart y\u00fckseltgen- \tZ3+ + 3e\u2013 \u2192 Z\t E0 = 0,34 volt \t2H+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 H2(g)\t me potansiyeli -0,34 volttur. \t T2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 T\t Buna g\u00f6re 1\u2006M Cu2+ iyonu i\u00e7e- ren Cu \u00e7ubuk bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131 \t Yukar\u0131daki baz\u0131 iyonlara ait indirgenme \t Yukar\u0131da Pb2+, Cu2+ ve H+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n stan- h\u00fccrenin standart ko\u015fullarda potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. potansiyeli standart hidrojen dart indirgenme potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. elektroduna g\u00f6re 0,34 volt daha \t Buna g\u00f6re, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t I.\t X elektrodu, ZCl3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine bat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t \t 2ZCl3 (suda) + 3X(k) \u2192 2Z(k) + 3XCl2(suda) \t I.\t Pb\u2019den yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kapta Cu2+ \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u2022\t Elektrot potansiyeli elektrotla- r\u0131n cinsine, elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zeltile- \t \t tepkimesi kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. saklanabilir. rin deri\u015fimine, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u2022\t Elektrotlar\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve y\u00fczey \t II.\t Y metali H2SO4 ile tepkimeye girerek \t II.\t Cu metali HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. alan\u0131 di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fkenler sabit \t SO2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece h\u00fccre potansiye- \t III.\t Pb metali HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine at\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7\u00f6- lini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. III.\t T metali HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine at\u0131l\u0131rsa H2 zeltinin pH de\u011feri azal\u0131r. gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 204 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B","ELEKTROK\u0130MYASAL P\u0130L - 1 Test \/ 6 1.\t V 3.\t V Elektrokimyasal Pil Y Cu X Ni Redoks tepkimelerini kullanarak kimyasal enerjiyi elektrik enerji- 1M XSO4 1M YCI2 1M NiSO4 1M HCI sine \u00e7eviren d\u00fczeneklere elektro- \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi kimyasal pil denir. \t yukar\u0131daki galvanik h\u00fccre \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken X \t Ni2+ \/ Ni\t \t E0 = \u2212 0,25V Elektrokimyasal piller indirgenme elektrodu a\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. ve y\u00fckseltgenme olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 \tH+ \/ H2\t\t E0 = 0,00V ayr\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiri\u011fi anot ve katot \t Buna g\u00f6re galvanik h\u00fccre ile ilgili; ad\u0131 verilen yar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinin, bir- \t Cu2+ \/ Cu\t \t E0 = + 0,34V birlerine bir iletken tel ve tuz k\u00f6p- \t I.\t X metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli, r\u00fcs\u00fc ile ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. Y metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiye- \t Yukar\u0131daki pil sistemi ile ilgili, linden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u2022\t Anot ad\u0131 verilen yar\u0131 h\u00fccrede \t I.\t Zamanla HCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH de\u011feri ar- y\u00fckseltgenme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t II.\t Y elektrodunun bulundu\u011fu kapta indir- tar. Anot pilin negatif kutuplu yap\u0131- genme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. s\u0131d\u0131r. \t II.\t Zamanla Cu elektrot k\u00fctlesi artar. \t III.\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan katyonlar X2+ \u2022\t Katot ad\u0131 verilen yar\u0131 h\u00fccrede iyonu bulunan \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye do\u011fru hareket \t III.\t Cu elektrot katotdur. indirgenme olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. ederler. Katot pilin pozitif kutuplu ya- p\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u2022\t D\u0131\u015f devrede elektronlar anottan katota do\u011fru iletken tel \u00fczerin- den akarlar. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? V \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III X(k) Y(k) \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III 1M 1M X(2s+uda) Y(2s+uda) \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t \u00d6rne\u011fin, 4.\t V \t Yukar\u0131daki pil d\u00fczene\u011finde sol- 2.\t V daki kap anot, sa\u011fdaki kap ka- Zn Cu tot olsun. Buna g\u00f6re, X(k) Y(k) \u2022\t Anot yar\u0131 h\u00fccresinde zaman- Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc la X metalinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 X2+ \u015feklinde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ge\u00e7ece\u011fi i\u00e7in elektrolit deri\u015fimi artarken elektrot k\u00fctlesi azal\u0131r. X2+ Y2+ \u2022\t Katot yar\u0131 h\u00fccresinde zamanla Y2+ iyonlar\u0131 indirgenerek Y me- \t Yukar\u0131daki pilde elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 Y elektrot- 1M Zn2+ 1M Cu2+ taline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi i\u00e7in, zaman- tan X elektroda do\u011frudur. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi la elektrolit deri\u015fimi azal\u0131rken \t Buna g\u00f6re, pil ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifade- \t Yukar\u0131daki galvanik h\u00fccrenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 elektrot k\u00fctlesi artar. lerden hangisi do\u011frudur? esnas\u0131nda elektronlar Zn elektrottan Cu \u2022\t Elektronlar X metalinden ilet- \t A)\t Elektron ak\u0131m\u0131 X elektrodundan Y elekt- roduna do\u011frudur. elektrota do\u011fru hareket etmektedir. ken tel yard\u0131m\u0131yla Y metalin- \t B)\t Y elektrodun k\u00fctlesi zamanla azal\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, den ge\u00e7erek katotta bulunan \t C)\t Y elektrodu anot olarak davran\u0131r. elektrolite do\u011fru hareket eder. \t D)\t Y\u2019nin elektron verme e\u011filimi X\u2019den faz- \t I.\t Cu elektrodun k\u00fctlesi zamanla artar. \u2022\t Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 elektron hareke- lad\u0131r. \t II.\t Zn elektrodun bulundu\u011fu kaptaki \u00e7\u00f6- tiyle ters y\u00f6nde olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan \t E)\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcndeki anyonlar Y2+ \u00e7\u00f6zelti- zeltide Zn2+ deri\u015fimi zamanla azal\u0131r. Y metalinden X metaline do\u011fru sine ge\u00e7er. \t III.\t Cu elektrot katotdur. yani katottan anota do\u011fru ha- 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B reket eder. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 205 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","ELEKTROK\u0130MYASAL P\u0130L - 1 Test \/ 6 \u2022\t Anot ve katot yar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinde 5.\t Mg2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Mg\t E0 = \u20132,37 volt 7.\t V Cu zamanla y\u00fck denkli\u011fi bozula- \t Li+ + e\u2013 \u2192 Li\t\t E0 = \u20133,05 volt Ni ca\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00fck denkli\u011finin deva- Au3+ + 3e\u2013 \u2192 Au\t E0 = +1,50 volt m\u0131 i\u00e7in tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ad\u0131 verilen \t bir eleman pile eklenir. Tuz \t Cu2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Cu\t E0 = + 0,34 volt k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde doygun KCI, KNO3 Pb2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Pb\t E0 = \u20130,12 volt gibi \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler bulunur. Tuz k\u00f6p- \t r\u00fcs\u00fcnde anyonlar anota, kat- \t Al3+ + 3e\u2013 \u2192 Al\t E0 = \u20131,66 volt yonlar ise katota do\u011fru hareket eder. \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 iyonlara ait indirgenme po- tansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. \u2022\t D\u0131\u015f devrede anot yar\u0131 h\u00fccre- 1M NiSO4 1M HCI sinden katot yar\u0131 h\u00fccresine \t Buna g\u00f6re, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n X elektro- \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektron aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak dundan Y elektroduna do\u011fru hareket \t Yukar\u0131daki pil d\u00fczene\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken 2. kap- taki \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri artmaktad\u0131r. i\u00e7in iletken tel ve elektronlar etti\u011fi bilinmektedir. aras\u0131ndaki potansiyel fark\u0131n\u0131 Buna g\u00f6re, \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in voltmetre kullan\u0131l\u0131r. V I.\t Ni metalinin aktifli\u011fi, Cu metalinin akti- fli\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u2022\t Bir pilden elde edilen potansiyel X Y anotun y\u00fckseltgenme, katodun II.\t Pilin potansiyeli, Ni metalinin y\u00fckselt- indirgenme potansiyelleri top- genme potansiyeline e\u015fittir. lam\u0131d\u0131r. III.\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde anyonlar Cu elektro- Anot (\u2212) = Zn(k) \ufffd Zn2+ + 2e\u2013 dun bulundu\u011fu kaba do\u011fru hareket Katot (+) = Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \ufffd Cu(k) ederler. H\u00fccre (pil) Tepkimesi = yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Zn(k)\u2006+\u2006Cu2+ \ufffd\u2006Zn2+\u2006+\u2006Cu(k) \t 1M XCln 1M YCIm \u015feklinde olur. \u2022\t H\u00fccre (pil) potansiyeli de; \t Buna g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131daki galvanik h\u00fcc- \tE0h\u00fccre = E0katot + E0anot \t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile hesaplan\u0131r. rede bulunan X ve Y maddeleri olarak A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve III a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen maddelerden hangisi- nin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu daha y\u00fcksek \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 potansiyel elde edilir? \t \t\t X Y 8.\t V \u00d6rne\u011fin, \t A)\t Li\t Au\t Zn Cu \t B)\t Pb\t Cu\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Cu \u2212 Ag pilinde zamanla Cu elekt- \t C)\t Mg\t Al\t rodun k\u00fctlesi azal\u0131rken, Ag elekt- \t D)\t Au\t Li\t rodun k\u00fctlesi artmaktad\u0131r ve her \t E)\t Cu\t Pb\t bir elektrot kendi \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerine ba- t\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. a.\tAnot yar\u0131 tepkimesi: 1M Zn2+ 1M HCI 1. Kap 2. Kap \t Cu(k) \ufffd Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 b.\tKatot yar\u0131 tepkimesi: \t Zn(k) \u2192 Zn2+ + 2e\u2212\t E0 = +0,76V \t 2Ag1+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 2Ag(k) \tH2(g) \u2192 2H+ + 2e\u2212\t E0 = 0,00V \t Cu(k) \u2192 Cu2+ + 2e\u2212\t E0 = \u22120,34V c.\tH\u00fccre (pil) tepkimesi: 6.\t I.\t Katotta bulunan elektrodun k\u00fctlesi ar- \t Cu + 2Ag1+\ufffd Cu2+ + 2Ag \t Yukar\u0131da \u015femas\u0131 verilen elektrokimya- tar veya de\u011fi\u015fmez. sal h\u00fccre ile ilgili, d.\tH\u00fccre (pil) diyagram\u0131 ise, \t Cu\/Cu2+(1M) \/\/ Ag+(1M)\u2006\/\u2006Ag \t II.\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde KNO3, KCI gibi tuzla- \t I.\t H\u00fccre potansiyeli 1,1 volttur. \t \u015feklinde olur. r\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \t II.\t Zamanla 2. kapta \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri \t III.\t Anotta kullan\u0131lan elektrot indirgen \u00f6zel- artar. lik g\u00f6sterir . \t III.\t Cu elektrodun k\u00fctlesi zamanla artar. \t Elektrokimyasal galvanik bir h\u00fccre i\u00e7in yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri do\u011fru- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? dur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 206 5.D 6.E 7.B 8.E","ELEKTROK\u0130MYASAL P\u0130L - 2 Test \/ 7 1.\t H\u00fccre diyagram\u0131, 3.\t V \u2022\t Bir pilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylar\u0131n \t Mg \/ Mg2+(1M) \/\/ Zn2+(1M) \/ Zn X Y belirlenebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc anot ve katot belirlenmelidir. \t \u015feklinde olan elektrokimyasal pil h\u00fcc- \u00d6ncelikle yar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde bulu- resi ile ilgili, nan elektrotlar incelenir. Elekt- \t I.\t Zn2+ y\u00fckseltgen olarak hareket eder. \t II.\t (+) kutup Mg elektrottur. rotlardan y\u00fckseltgenme gerilimi \t III.\t Pilin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda kaplardaki b\u00fcy\u00fck olan taraf anot olarak iyonlar\u0131n miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi e\u015fittir . \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? se\u00e7ilir. Bunun sonucu di\u011fer yar\u0131 h\u00fccre katot olarak belirlenir. 1M XSO4 1M YCI \u2022\tBir pilde elektronlar anottan \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi katota do\u011fru hareket etti\u011fin- den elektronlar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcne \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t X \u2192 X2+ + 2e\u2013\tE0 :+0,60 V bak\u0131larak anot ve katot tespit edilebilir. Voltmetredeki ibrenin \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 \tY \u2192 Y+ + e\u2013 \tE0 :\u22120,38 V y\u00f6n\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda elektron hareketinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de belirler. \t Yukar\u0131da pil d\u00fczene\u011fi ve elektrotlar\u0131n y\u00fck- seltgenme potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. \u2022\t Bir pilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylar\u0131 \u00f6zetleyen denkleme pil \u015femas\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifadelerden han- ad\u0131 verilir. gisi do\u011frudur? \t Pil diyagram\u0131 denilen \u015fematik \t A)\t X elektrodunun k\u00fctlesi zamanla artar. g\u00f6sterimde \u00f6ne anotun elekt- rodu ve elektroliti arkaya ise \t B)\t Y elektrodunun k\u00fctlesi art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa tepki- katodun elektrolit ve elektrodu mede olu\u015fan potansiyel artar. yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \t C)\t Pil gerilimi 0,22 volttur. \t\u200a\u200a\u200a\u200aX\u2006\/\u2006X2+(1\u2006M)\u200a\u200a\u200a\/\u200a\u200a \/ Y2+(1\u2006M)\u2006\/\u2006Y \t D)\t X elektrodunda 0,2 mol a\u015f\u0131nma olur- Anot yar\u0131 h\u00fccresi Katot yar\u0131 h\u00fccresi ken, Y elektrodunda 0,1 mol artma olur. Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc 2.\t V \t E)\t Pil \u015femas\u0131 X \/ X2+(1\u2006M)\/\/Y+(1\u2006M)\u2006\/\u2006Y \u015fek- lindedir. Pb Cu Doygun KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi Deri\u015fim Pilleri \u2022\t Elektrotlar\u0131n ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu elektrokimyasal h\u00fccre- lerdir. 1L, 1M 1L, 1M \u2022\t Deri\u015fimi az olan elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6- zelti taraf\u0131 anot, fazla olan ta- PbSO4 AuCl3 raf katotdur. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u2022\t Anot ve katot elektrolitlerde de- ri\u015fimler e\u015fitlendi\u011finde, \t Au3+ + 3e\u2013 \u2192 Au\t E0 = +1,50 volt \tEp0il = 0,000\u2006V \t Cu2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Cu\t E0 = + 0,34 volt \t Pb2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Pb\t E0 = \u20130,12 volt 4.\t Zn elektrodu ZnSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine, Cu elekt- \tolur. rot CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine bat\u0131r\u0131larak iletken tel \t yukar\u0131da pil d\u00fczene\u011fi ve iyonlar\u0131n indir- V genme gerilimleri verilmi\u015ftir. ve tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ile basit bir galvanik h\u00fccre Anot e\u2212 Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc e\u2212 Katot \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Zamanla Cu elektrodun k\u00fctlesi Ag Ag \t I.\t Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 Pb elektrottan Cu elekt- artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zleniyor. rota do\u011frudur. \t Bu galvanik h\u00fccre ile ilgili, Ag+ Ag+ \t II.\t Cu elektrot zamanla alt\u0131n ile kaplan\u0131r. K+ NO3\u2212 \t I.\t Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc Zn\u2019den Cu elekt- NO3\u2212 NO3\u2212 \t III.\t Pilin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda katot ve 1,0 M AgNO3 anot \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin deri\u015fimi e\u015fit de\u011fi\u015fir. roda do\u011frudur. 0,01\u2006M AgNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t II.\t CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi indirgenendir. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t III.\t Zamanla Zn2+ iyon deri\u015fimi azal\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III \u2001 E) I ve III \u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.C 2.B 3.E 4.B 207 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","ELEKTROK\u0130MYASAL P\u0130L - 2 Test \/ 7 Soru: 5.\t X V Z 7.\t V 1M X2+ Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc 1M Y+ Ag Pil \u015femas\u0131, Anahtar Cr X(k)\u2006|\u2006X2+\u2006\/\/\u2006Y2+\u2006|\u2006Y(k) \u015feklinde olan galvanik h\u00fccreyle ilgili 1M Cr(NO3)3 1M AgNO3 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi (E0X2+\/X = \u20130,74 volt, \t \u2006\u200aE0Y2+\/Y = +0,42 volt) A)\tX metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme ak- \t X \u2192 X2+ + 2e\u2013\tE0 :+1,26 V \t Yukar\u0131daki elektrokimyasal pil d\u00fczene\u011fin- tifli\u011fi Y metalinden b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. de anahtar kapat\u0131l\u0131yor. \tY \u2192 Y+ + e\u2013 \tE0 :+0,62 V B)\tBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 pil potansiyeli + 1,16 \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi volttur. \tZ \u2192 Z3+ + 3e\u2013 \tE0 :\u22120,21 V yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (Cr:51, Ag:108, Elektron verme \t Yukar\u0131daki pil d\u00fczene\u011fi ve yar\u0131 tepkimele- e\u011filimi = Cr > Ag) C)\tTuz k\u00fcpr\u00fcs\u00fcndeki katyonlar X elektrodun bulundu\u011fu kaba rin potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. \t A)\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcndeki pozitif iyonlar AgNO3 do\u011fru hareket eder. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifadelerden han- \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin bulundu\u011fu kaba hareket eder. D)\tElektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015f devrede Y gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? elektrottan X elektrota do\u011fru \t B)\t Pil \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a Ag elektrodun k\u00fctlesi artar. gider. \t A)\t 1 mol X a\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken, 2 mol Y toplan\u0131r. \t B)\t Z elektrodunun y\u00fczeyinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \t C)\t D\u0131\u015f devrede elektronlar Cr elektrotdan E)\tPil tepkimesi, Ag elektroda do\u011fru akar. \tX(k) +Y(2s+uda) \u2192 X(2s+uda)+2Yk) tepkimede olu\u015fan potansiyeli de\u011fi\u015ftir- mez. \t D)\t Devreden 1 mol elektron ge\u00e7ti\u011finde \t \u015feklindedir. 17 gram Cr \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ge\u00e7er. \t C)\t Pil potansiyeli 0,64 volttur. \t E)\t Pil dengeye geldi\u011finde voltaj maksi- mum olur. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t D)\t Z metali yerine daha pasif bir metal yer de\u011fi\u015ftirirse pilin potansiyeli artar. Galvanik h\u00fccre de X, X2+ iyonuna \t Y2+ iyonu Y(k)\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu E)\t Pil potansiyeli zamanla azal\u0131r. durumda h\u00fccrenin y\u00fckseltgenme tepkimesi, X(k) \u2192 X2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2006E0 = +0,74 V \u0130ndirgenme tepkimesi, Y2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Y(k) E0 = + 0,42 V \u015feklindedir. Bu iki tepkime topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 8.\t Cu ve Ag metallerinin standart y\u00fckseltgen- standart pil tepkimesi, me potansiyeleri, X(k) + Y2+ \u2192 X2+ + Y(k) E0 = 1,16 V \u015feklindedir. (B do\u011fru) \t Cu(k) \ufffd Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \t E0 = \u22120,34V X metali Y katyonunu indirgedi\u011fin- \t Ag(k) \ufffd Ag+ + e\u2212\t E0 = \u22120,80V den X\u2019in y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli \t \u015feklindedir. Y\u2019den daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. (A do\u011fru) 6.\t Cr3+ ve Ag+ iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n metalik hale ge\u00e7- \t Cu\u2006\u2212\u2006Ag\u2019den olu\u015fan elektrokimyasal h\u00fcc- Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 katottan anota re ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden hangisi do\u011frudur. Bu nedenle Y\u2019den X\u2019e \t me tepkimelerinin standart potansiyelleri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? do\u011fru hareket eder. (D do\u011fru) s\u0131ras\u0131 ile \u22120,74 ve +0,80 volttur. Pil tepkimesi, Buna g\u00f6re, Cr \u2212\u2006Ag standart pili ile ilgili, X(k) + Y(2s+uda) \u2192 X(2s+uda) + 2Y(k) \t I.\t D\u0131\u015f devrede elektronlar Ag elektrottan \t A)\t Katot yar\u0131 tepkimesi, 2Ag+ + 2e \ufffd Ag Cr elektrota do\u011fru gider. \u015feklindedir. \u015feklindedir. (E do\u011fru) \t II.\t Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 pil potansiyeli 1,54 volttur. \t B)\t Ak\u0131m ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce ve pil \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde katyonlar kato- III.\t Katot yar\u0131 tepkimesi, yar\u0131 piller elektrik\u00e7e n\u00f6trd\u00fcr. ta anyonlar anota do\u011fru hareket \t \t C)\t \u0130ndirgen elektrot Cu\u2019dur. eder. Bu nedenle katyonlar Y elek- \t \t Cr3+ + 3e\u2212 \u2192 Cr(k) \u015feklindedir. \t D)\t Ag elektrodun k\u00fctlesi zamanla azal\u0131r. trodunun bulundu\u011fu kaba hareket yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t E)\t Toplam h\u00fccre tepkimesi, \t \t \t Cu(k) + 2Ag+\ufffd Cu2+ + 2Ag(k) eder. (C yanl\u0131\u015f) \t \t \u015feklindedir. Cevap: C \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 208 5.D 6.B 7.E 8.D","P\u0130L GER\u0130L\u0130M\u0130NE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER Test \/ 8 1.\t Pil tepkimesi 3.\t Zn(k) + Cu2+ \ufffd Zn2+ + Cu(k) Standart Elektrot ve H\u00fccre \t 2Ag+ + Cu(k) \ufffd Cu2+ + 2Ag \t Galvanik pilinin standart potansiyeli 1,10 Potansiyeline Etki Eden Fakt\u00f6rler \t \u015feklinde olan galvanik h\u00fccreye, volttur. Pil tepkimeleri denge tepkimesidir. \t I.\t Cu2+ iyonu bulunan yar\u0131 h\u00fccreye saf su ilavesi, \t Bu pille ilgili, Bu nedenle dengeye etki eden fak- \t II.\t Ag+ iyonu bulunan yar\u0131 h\u00fccreye KCI \t I.\t [Zn2+] = 0,5\u2006M, [Cu2+] = 0,5\u2006M olacak \u015fe- t\u00f6rler, pil potansiyelini etkiler. kat\u0131s\u0131 eklenip \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi kilde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler seyreltilirse Epil = E0pil olur. Pil tepkimesine bir etki yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \t i\u015flemleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. e\u011fer denge \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kay\u0131yor- \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler sonucu pil \t II.\t Katot yar\u0131 piline Na2S kat\u0131s\u0131 ilave edilir- sa pil gerilimi artar, pil \u00f6mr\u00fc k\u0131sal\u0131r. potansiyelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fim se Epil < E0pil olur. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru veril- Denge girenler y\u00f6n\u00fcne kayarsa pil mi\u015ftir? (AgCI az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen iyonik tuzdur) \t III.\t Anot yar\u0131 piline bir miktar su eklenirse gerilimi azal\u0131r, pil \u00f6mr\u00fc uzar. Epil > E0pil olur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t \u00d6rne\u011fin, (CuS suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen kat\u0131d\u0131r.) Net denklemi \t\t I II \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III X(k)+ Y(+suda) \u0192 X(+suda) + Y(k) \t A)\t \tArtar\t Azal\u0131r olan galvanik h\u00fccrede, \t B)\t \tArtar\t Artar \t C)\t \tAzal\u0131r\t Artar \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 \u2022\t Y+ deri\u015fimini artt\u0131ran etkiler pil \t D)\t \tAzal\u0131r\t Azal\u0131r potansiyelini artt\u0131rken X+ deri\u015fi- \t E)\t \tArtar\t De\u011fi\u015fmez mini artt\u0131ran etkiler pil potansi- yelini azalt\u0131r. 4.\t Bir pilin potansiyeli ile ilgili, Genel olarak, pil d\u00fczene\u011fi i\u00e7in; \t I.\t Anot deri\u015fimini azaltan etkiler pilin po- \u2022\t Anot kab\u0131na su ekleme, tansiyelini artt\u0131r\u0131r. \u2022\t Katot kab\u0131ndan su buharla\u015ft\u0131r- ma, \t II.\t Katota sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su eklendi\u011fi du- \u2022\t Anota y\u00fckseltgenen iyonu \u00e7\u00f6k- rumlarda pil potansiyeli azal\u0131r. t\u00fcrecek madde ekleme \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 sonucu de\u011feri azal\u0131r. \u2022\t Katota indirgenen iyonu i\u00e7eren \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? tuz \u00e7\u00f6zme i\u015flemleri pilin potansiyelini artt\u0131r\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u2022\t Katot kab\u0131na su ekleme 2.\t V \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t Anot kab\u0131ndan su buharla\u015ft\u0131rma, Mg Zn \u2022\t Katotta indirgenen iyonu \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc- Doygun KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi recek madde ekleme \u2022\t Anotta y\u00fckseltgenen iyonu i\u00e7e- ren tuz \u00e7\u00f6zme i\u015flemleri potansiyelini azalt\u0131r. 1M MgSO4 1M ZnSO4 5.\t H\u00fccre diyagram\u0131, Bir pilin deri\u015fimlere ba\u011fl\u0131 potansi- \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi yeli Nernst ifadesi ile bulunur. 1. kap 2. kap \t Zn \/ Zn2+(1\u2006M) \/\/ Ag+(1M) \/ Ag Epil = Ep0il \u2013 0,06 log Qpil \t \u015feklinde olan volta pilinin standart potansi- n \t Mg \ufffd Mg2+ + 2e\u2212 E0 = 2,36V yeli de\u011feri 1,56 volttur. Epil = Pil potansiyeli \t Zn \ufffd Zn2+ + 2e\u2212 E0 = +0,76V \t Pil potansiyelinin 1,56 volttan b\u00fcy\u00fck ol- Ep0il = Standart pil potansiyeli \t \u015eekildeki galvanik h\u00fccreye, mas\u0131 i\u00e7in Zn2+ ve Ag+ deri\u015fimleri, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- da verilenlerden hangisindeki gibi al\u0131n- n \u2006= A\u0007 l\u0131nan veya verilen elektron \t I.\t 1. kaba su ekleme say\u0131s\u0131 mal\u0131d\u0131r? \t II.\t 1. kapta NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zme Qpil = Anl\u0131k denge sabiti \t III.\t 2. kapta Zn(NO3)2 kat\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme \t \t [Zn2+]\t\t [Ag+] \u200a=\u200a\u200a [Anot] \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri sonucu pil po- [Katot] \t A)\t 1 M\t \t 0,1 M tansiyeli artar? \t (Mg(OH)2 suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen kat\u0131d\u0131r.) \t B)\t 2 M\t\t 2M \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t C)\t 4 M\t \t 1M \t D)\t 16 M\t\t 1M \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t E)\t 2 M\t\t 1M \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.A 2.E 3.A 4.E 5.B 209 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","P\u0130L GER\u0130L\u0130M\u0130NE ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT\u00d6RLER Test \/ 8 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 6.\t 2Al + 3Cu2+ \ufffd 3Cu + 2Al3+ 9.\t Ag \/ Ag+(X\u2006M) \/\/ Ag+(0,1\u2006M) \/ Ag Zn \u2192 Zn2+ + 2e\u2013 E\u00b0 = 0,76 V \t Galvanik h\u00fccrenin standart potansiyeli \t deri\u015fim pilinin 25\u2006\u00b0C\u2019de potansiyeli 0,06 volt olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cu \u2192 Cu2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2006E\u200a = \u20130,34 V 2,00 volttur. \t Buna g\u00f6re deri\u015fimi bilinmeyen Ag+ \u00e7\u00f6- Zn\u2006\/\u2006Zn2+\u2006(1\u2006M) \/\/ \t Pil potansiyelinin artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, zeltisinin deri\u015fimi\u2006(X) ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? \t \t (0,0592 \u2192 0,06 al\u0131nacak.) Cu2+\u2006(0,1\u2006M)\u2006\/\u2006Cu pili i\u00e7in \t I.\t Anot ve katot kaplar\u0131ndan e\u015fit miktar- Zn metalinin y\u00fckseltgenme po- da su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 tansiyeli Cu metalinden b\u00fcy\u00fck ol- \t II.\t Al ve Cu elektrotlar\u0131n k\u00fctlesi artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 \t A) 10\u22124\u2001 B) 10\u22123\u2001 C) 10\u22122 du\u011fundan Zn elektrodun bulundu- \t III.\t [Cu2+] = 1\u2006M, [Al3+] = 0,1\u2006M yap\u0131lmal\u0131 \u011fu yar\u0131 pil anotdur. Bu nedenle Cu \t yukar\u0131dakilerden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na \t\u2001 D) 10\u2001 E) 1\u2001 elektrodun bulundu\u011fu yer katotdur. Epil = Ei0ndirgenme + E0y\u00fckseltgenme yap\u0131labilir? Epil = 0,76 + 0,34 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III 10.\t Zn(k) + 2H+ \ufffd Zn2+ + H2(g) Epil = 1,1 V \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t (H\u00fccrenin potansiyeli 0,76 volttur.) Deri\u015fimlere ba\u011fl\u0131 potansiyel ise, \t Bu h\u00fccre ile ilgili, E\u00b0pil = 1,10 \u2013 0,06 log 1 \t I.\t [H+] = 2\u2006M, H2(2atm), [Zn2+] = 2\u2006M 2 0,1 \t II.\t [H+] = 2\u2006M, H2(1atm), [Zn2+] = 4\u2006M \t III.\t [H+] = 2\u2006M, H2(1atm), [Zn2+] = 2\u2006M \u2006\u200aEp0il = 1,07 volt \t hangi de\u011ferlerde al\u0131n\u0131rsa h\u00fccre potan- 7.\t Ni ve Co metallerinin standart y\u00fckseltgen- siyeli de\u011fi\u015fmez? me potansiyelleri : \t Ni \ufffd Ni2+ + 2e\u2212\t E0 = +0,25V \t Co \ufffd Co2+ + 2e\u2212\tE0 = +0,28V \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II Soru: \t \u015feklindedir. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Al \u0192 Al3+\u2006+\u20063e\u2212 \t Ni ve Co\u2019dan olu\u015fan galvanik h\u00fccre ile 11.\t V yar\u0131 y\u00fckseltgenme tepkimesinde \t ilgili, [Al3+] = 0,01\u2006M al\u0131n\u0131rsa, Ey\u00fck de- \t I.\t [Ni2+] = 1\u2006M [Co2+] = 0,1\u2006M al\u0131n\u0131rsa pil Zn Cu \u011feri ka\u00e7 volt olur? Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Al \u0192 Al3+ + 3e\u2212 Ey0\u00fck = +1,66V) \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t II.\t [Ni2+] = 0,1\u2006M, [Co2+] = 0,1\u2006M al\u0131n\u0131rsa \t Epil > E0pil olur. Ey\u00fck = Ey0\u00fck \u2212 0,06 \u2006log[Al3+]\u2006 \u21d2 n \t III.\t S\u0131cakl\u0131k azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa Epil > E\u00bapil olur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? = 1,66 \u2212 0,306\u2006 log 0,01 500mL, 0,1M 300mL, 1M = 1,66 \u2212 0,02\u2006.\u2006log 10\u22122 A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II ZnSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi = 1,66 \u2212 0,02\u2006.\u2006(\u22122).\u2006log10 \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 1. Kap 2. Kap = 1,66 + 0,04 \t Zn \u2212 Cu pilinin standart potansiyeli 1,10 volttur. = 1,70 V olur. \t Yukar\u0131daki pil d\u00fczene\u011finde pil potan- 8.\t Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \ufffd Cu siyelinin standart de\u011ferine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flemlerden hangisi uy- \t yar\u0131 h\u00fccre tepkimesinin standart potansi- gulanmal\u0131d\u0131r? yel de\u011feri 0,34 volttur. \t A)\t 1. kaptan 200 mL su buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak \t [Cu2+] = 0,1\u2006M al\u0131n\u0131rsa, Cu\u2019nun indirgen- \t B)\t 1. kaptan 450 mL su buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak me yar\u0131 tepkimesinin h\u00fccre potansiyeli \t C)\t 2. kaba 200 mL su eklemek ka\u00e7 volt olur? \t D)\t H\u00fccreyi so\u011fuk bir ortama g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek \t E)\t 2.\u2006kaba 600\u2006mL 1\u2006M CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ek- \t A) \u22120,31\u2001 B) \u22120,17\u2001 C) 0,155 lemek. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) 0,17\u2001 E) 0,31\u2001 6.D 7.D 8.E 9.C 10.C 11.B K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 210","ELEKTROL\u0130Z (ELEKTROL\u0130T\u0130K H\u00dcCRE) Test \/ 9 1.\t MgI2, ZnBr2 ve CaCI2 eriyikleri bir kapta 4.\t Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Cu\t E0 = +0,34V Elektroliz E0 = \u22121,14V grafit elektrotlarla elektroliz ediliyor. \t Sn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Sn\t \u2022\t Piller (galvanik h\u00fccre), ken- dili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen redoks \t Y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri (elektron \t Cl2 + 2e\u2212\u2192 2Cl\u2212\tE0 = +1,36V tepkimeleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kimya- verme e\u011filimleri), \tF2 + 2e\u2212 \u2192 2F\u2212\tE0 = +2,87V sal enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren sistemlerdir. Ken- \t Mg > Zn > Cu > I\u2212 > Br\u2212 > CI\u2212 \t Bir elektroliz kab\u0131nda SnCI2 ve CuF2 eri- dili\u011finden olu\u015fmayan redoks \t oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, yikleri elektroliz ediliyor. tepkimelerinin elektrik enerjisi \t I.\t Katotta \u00f6nce Cu metali toplan\u0131r. yard\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini \t II.\t Anotta en son CI2 gaz\u0131 birikir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, anot ve katotta elementlerin sa\u011flayan d\u00fczeneklere ise elekt- \t III.\t Katotta \u00f6nce Mg birikir. a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma s\u0131ras\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- roliz devresi (elektrolitik h\u00fccre) \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? gisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? ad\u0131 verilir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u200aAnot Katot \t Bir galvanik h\u00fccrede voltmetre A) Cl2,F2 Sn,Cu yerine \u00fcrete\u00e7 ba\u011flan\u0131rsa pil ters \t\u2001 D) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 B) F2 ,Cl2 Cu,Sn y\u00f6nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak bu olay\u0131n C) Cl2,F2 Cu,Sn ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in pilin olu\u015f- D) Sn,Cu F2 ,Cl2 turdu\u011fu potansiyelden daha b\u00fc- Cl2,F2 y\u00fck bir potansiyelin \u00fcrete\u00e7 yar- E) Cu,Sn d\u0131m\u0131 ile sisteme verilmesi gerekir. 2.\t HNO3 ve KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin elektrolizi \t Bu tepkimelerin ters y\u00f6nde ger- \u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi olay\u0131 ise bu siste- ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden hangisi me sistemin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 potansi- yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? yelden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir potansiyel sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ile m\u00fck\u00fcn olabilir. Bu \t A)\t HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde H+ iyonlar\u0131 indir- \u00fcretecin (\u2212) kutbunun ba\u011fland\u0131- genmesi sonucu H2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fur. \u011f\u0131 elektrota katot, (+) kutbunun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektrota anot ad\u0131 ve- \t B)\t KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde H2O molek\u00fclleri in- rilir. e\u2212 dirgenerek H2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Katot (\u2212) Anot (+) \t C)\t HNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde H2O molek\u00fclleri elektrot elektrot y\u00fckseltgenerek O2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1 \t D)\t KOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde OH\u2212 iyonlar\u0131 y\u00fckselt- 2 generek O2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. 5.\t ab \u2022\tZn(k) + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu(k) \t E)\t Her bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin elektrolizi sonucu or- Deney t\u00fcp\u00fc Deney t\u00fcp\u00fc \t Galvanik h\u00fccresinin h\u00fccre (pil) tam n\u00f6tr olur. Pt elektrot Pt elektrot potansiyeli, E0 = 1,10 volttur. Pilin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda tepki- (katot) (anot) me 1 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde istemlidir. Bu sis- teme bir \u00fcrete\u00e7 yard\u0131m\u0131 ile 1,10 CuCI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi volttan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gerilim uygulan\u0131rsa, tepkime 2 y\u00f6n\u00fcn- de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu defa Zn2+ in- dirgenir. Zn olu\u015fur, Cu y\u00fckselt- genir Cu2+ iyonlar\u0131 olu\u015fur. Yani \t Yukar\u0131da CuCI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin elektrolizi ve- anot ve katot yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir. rilmi\u015ftir. \u2022\t Galvanik h\u00fccrelerde anot (\u2212), 3.\t NaCI ve Na2SO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri ile ilgili, \t CuCI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin yeterli s\u00fcre elektroli- katot (+) kutuplar iken elekt- zi ile ilgili, rolit h\u00fccrelerde anot (+), katot \t I.\t Katotlar\u0131nda biriken maddeler ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \t I.\t b deney t\u00fcp\u00fcndeki s\u0131v\u0131 miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. (\u2212) kutuplard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \t II.\t Anotlar\u0131nda biriken maddeler farkl\u0131d\u0131r. elektrolitik h\u00fccrelerde d\u0131\u015f dev- \t III.\t NaCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin zamanla pH\u2019si artar- \t II.\t a deney t\u00fcp\u00fcndeki s\u0131v\u0131 miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f- rede elektronlar katotdan anota ken, Na2SO4\u2019\u00fcn pH\u2019si de\u011fi\u015fmez. mez. do\u011fru, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ise anot- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = \t III.\t a deney t\u00fcp\u00fcndeki Pt elektrot, Cu me- dan katota do\u011fru olur. \t Na > H2 > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212 > SO24\u2212 ) tali ile kaplan\u0131r. \u2022\t Katyonlar katota giderek indir- genir, anyonlar anota giderek \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? y\u00fckseltgenir. \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.E 211 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","ELEKTROL\u0130Z (ELEKTROL\u0130T\u0130K H\u00dcCRE) Test \/ 9 Suyun Elektrolizi 6.\t NaCI ve CuCI2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinin elekt- 9.\t Deri\u015fik AgNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin grafit elekt- rolizi ile ilgili; Saf su hemen hemen elektri\u011fi rotlarla yeterli miktarda elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ile elektrolizinden katot ve anotta biri- iletmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in elektroliz edilemez. \t I.\t \u0130kisinin de anotunda CI2 gaz\u0131 birikir. ken maddeler ile \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH durumu \u0130\u00e7ine birka\u00e7 damla deri\u015fik H2SO4 II.\t NaCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin zamanla pH\u2019si artar. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ve- \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden ilave edilirse ilet- \t rilmi\u015ftir? (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = kenlik sa\u011flan\u0131r ve elektroliz edilir. \t III.\t Katotlar\u0131nda biriken maddeler farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \t H2 > Ag > OH\u2212 > NO3\u2212) Katot ve anot yar\u0131 tepkimeleri ve toplam elektroliz tepkimeleri \u015fu \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t\tKatot Anot pH durumu \u015fekilde olur. \t \t A)\t Ag\t pH = 7 \t (Y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri = \t B)\t Ag\t O2\t pH > 7 2H+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 H2 Na > H2 > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212) \t C)\t Ag\t O2\t pH < 7 \t D)\t H2\t O2\t pH < 7 (Katot yar\u0131 tepkimesi) \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t E)\t Ag\t O2\t pH < 7 NO2\t H2O \u2192 1 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e\u2212 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 2 (Anot yar\u0131 tepkimesi) H2O(s) \u2192 H2(g) + 1 O2(g) 2 (Elektroliz Tepkimeleri) \u2022\t Bu tepkime denklemine g\u00f6re katotta biriken H2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n hac- mi, anotta biriken O2 gaz\u0131n\u0131n hacminin iki kat\u0131, k\u00fctlesi ise, 1 10.\t NaCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin elektrolizi ile ilgili, 8 kat\u0131d\u0131r. (H:1, O:16) \t I.\t Anot yar\u0131 tepkimesi, O2 H2 7.\t Deri\u015fik KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi bir elektrolitik h\u00fcc- \t \t 2Cl\u2212 \u2192 Cl2 + 2e\u2212 \u015feklindedir. \t II.\t Elektroliz esnas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de- rede grafit elektrotlarla elektroliz edildi- \u011feri artar. \u011finde; \t III.\t Katot k\u00fctlesi zamanla artarken, anot Katot \t I.\t Anot tepkimesi, k\u00fctlesi de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t \t 2CI\u2212(suda) \u2192 CI2(g) + 2e\u2212 \u015feklindedir. \u2212 + Anot H2O \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltide pH > 7 olur. \t (Y\u00fckseltgenme aktifli\u011fi;Na > H2 > Cl\u2212 > OH\u2212) Suyun elektrolizi \t \t III.\t H2O indirgen madde olarak davran\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = K > H2 > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212) \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 Erimi\u015f Tuzlar\u0131n Elektrolizi \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 Eriyik halde bulunan tuzlar\u0131n elekt- rolizi esnas\u0131nda katyonlar katotta 11.\t \u2022\t XNO3 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektroliz edildi\u011finde metale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, anyonlar ame- tallere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin eriyik halde katotta X metali toplanmaktad\u0131r. bulunan NaCI elektroliz edildi\u011finde \t \u2022\t KY sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektroliz edildi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6- Katot(\u2212) = Na(+s) + e\u2212 \u2192 Na(k) zeltinin pH de\u011feri azalmaktad\u0131r. \t \u2022\t ZY sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektroliz edildi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6- Anot(+) = CI(\u2212s) \u2192 1 \u2006CI2(g) + e\u2212 2 zeltinin pH de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, Na(+s) + CI(\u2212s) \u2192 Na(k) + 1 \u2006CI2(g) \t I.\t X metali HCl ile tepkime vermez. 2 \t II.\t Z metali H2SO4 ile SO2 gaz\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131- toplam tepkimesi sonucunda ye- karabilir. \t III.\t Y2\u2019nin indirgenme e\u011filimi O2\u2019den b\u00fc- mek tuzundan elektrik enerjisi yar- d\u0131m\u0131yla Na ve CI2 elementleri elde 8.\t ZnCI2, CuCI2 ve AgCI sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri bir y\u00fckt\u00fcr. edilmi\u015f olur. kapta elektroliz ediliyor. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Katotta biriken ilk iki madde s\u0131ras\u0131yla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? \t (Y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri =\t\t Zn > H2 > Cu > Ag) \t A) Zn, Cu\t B) Cu, Zn\u2001 C) Cu, Ag \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \u2001 D) Ag, Cu\u2001 E) Zn, H2\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I,II ve III\u2001 212 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D","SULU \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER\u0130N ELEKTROL\u0130Z\u0130 Test \/ 10 1.\t \u2212+ 3.\t +\u2212 e 12 Pt Pt Cu elektrot Cu elektrot Katot (\u2212) Anot (+) elektrot elektrot Na+ CI\u2212 Cu2+ Na2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u2022\t Katotdaki Pt elektrot \u00fczerinde \t Yukar\u0131da deri\u015fik CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin Cu Na metali toplan\u0131r. Anotdaki Pt elektrotlar ile elektrolizi verilmi\u015ftir. \t \u015eekilde Na2SO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin elektroliz \u00fczerinde CI2 gaz\u0131 kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczene\u011fi verilmi\u015ftir. olu\u015fur. \t Elektroliz esnas\u0131nda; \t Na2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin elektrolizi ile ilgili, \t Bir\u00e7ok katyon veya anyonun bu- \t I.\t Y\u00fckseltgenme ve indirgenme olay\u0131 lundu\u011fu eriyiklerin elektrolizinde ayn\u0131 element atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger- \t I.\t Na+ ve SO24\u2212 iyonlar\u0131 tepkimeye gir- ise hangi maddelerin \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7ekle\u015fir. mez. elde edilece\u011fi iyonlar\u0131n indirgen- \t II.\t 1. elektrotta bulunan Cu zamanla \u00e7\u00f6- \t II.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin pH\u2019sinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmaz. me ya da y\u00fckseltgenme potan- zeltiye ge\u00e7er. \t III.\t Anotta O2, katotta H2 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. siyellerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t Elektrolitte bulunan iyon miktar\u0131 sabit kal\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u2022\t Katotta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen indirgenme \t (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = olay\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle indirgenme \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Na > H2 > OH\u2212 > SO24\u2212 ) potansiyeli daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olan katyon indirgenerek element haline ge\u00e7er. \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u2022\t Anotta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen y\u00fckseltgen- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III me olay\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle y\u00fckselt- genme potansiyeli daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 olan anyon indirgenerek ele- ment haline ge\u00e7er. 2.\t E\u015fit deri\u015fim ve hacimde seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u00f6zde\u015f kapta, KBr, NaCI ve MgI2 eriyiklerinden olu\u015fan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m elektroliz edildi- \t I.\t Cu(NO3)2 \u011finde atom veya iyonlar\u0131n y\u00fckselt- \t II.\t NaCI genme potansiyelleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin, \t III.\t CaSO4 \t \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri bir s\u00fcre elektroliz ediliyor. K > Na > Mg > I\u2212 > Br\u2212 > CI\u2212 \t \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin pH de\u011fi\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015feklinde oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek; se\u00e7eneklerden hangisinde do\u011fru veril- mi\u015ftir? (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = Katotta y\u00fckseltgenme e\u011filimi en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck metal olan Mg metali Mg2+ \t Ca >Na > H2 > Cu > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212 > SO24\u2212 ) iyonunun indirgenmesi ile olu\u015fur- ken, anotta y\u00fckseltgenme e\u011filimi en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan I\u200a\u2212\u200a iyonu element haline yani I2 ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. 4.\t Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+, ve CI\u2212 iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren Katot\u2006(\u2212) Mg(2s+) + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Mg(k) sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti elektroliz ediliyor. \t Katot ve anot elektrotlar\u0131nda ilk a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa Anot\u2006(+) 2I(\u2212s) \u2192 I2(k) + 2e\u2212 \u00e7\u0131kan maddeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangi- sinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = \t Zn > H2 > Cu > Ag > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212) \t\t I \t \u2006 II \t III \t\tKatot Anot \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t A)\t azal\u0131r\t azal\u0131r\t de\u011fi\u015fmez \t A)\t Ag\t \t B)\t artar\t artar\t de\u011fi\u015fmez \t B)\t Ag\t CI2 \t C)\t azal\u0131r\t artar\t de\u011fi\u015fmez \t C)\t Cu\t O2 \t D)\t artar\t azal\u0131r\t artar \t D)\t H2\t CI2 \t E)\t azal\u0131r\t artar\t artar \t E)\t H2\t CI2 O2 213 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","SULU \u00c7\u00d6ZELT\u0130LER\u0130N ELEKTROL\u0130Z\u0130 Test \/ 10 Sulu \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin Elektrolizi 5.\t \u2212+ 7.\t \u2022\t Tuzlar\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde tuz- Pt elektrot Cu elektrot lardan gelen katyon ve anyon- lar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra sudan gelen H+ \t 1M CuCI2 1M Ag2SO4 ve OH\u2212 iyonlar\u0131 bulunur. Ancak bu iyonlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 su oldu\u011fu NaCI 2F 1. kap \u2212 + 2. kap i\u00e7in deri\u015fimleri \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr (10\u22127\u2006M). Bu durumda H+ ve OH\u2212 iyonlar\u0131 de\u011fil H2O indirge- nir veya y\u00fckseltgenir. \t Suyun indirgenmesi, \t S\u0131v\u0131 NaCI, Pt ve Cu elektrotlar kullan\u0131la- \t Yukar\u0131daki seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f elektroliz d\u00fczene\u011fi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lardan \t 2H2O + 2e\u2212 \u2192 H2(g) + 2OH\u2212 rak yukar\u0131da verilen \u015fekildeki gibi bir s\u00fcre hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (Elektron verme e\u011filim- \t \u015feklinde, elektroliz ediliyor. leri = H2 > Cu > Ag > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212 > SO24\u2212 ) \t Suyun y\u00fckseltgenmesi, \t T\u00fcrlerin y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri; \t A)\t Anotlarda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan madde t\u00fcr\u00fc \t Cu \/ Cu2+ \u2192 \u22120,34V farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \t 2H2O \u2192 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e\u2212 \t 2CI\u2212 \/ CI2 \u2192 \u22121,36V \t oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re; \t B)\t Elektroliz esnas\u0131nda pH de\u011feri 1. kap- \t \u015feklindedir. \t I.\t Katotta Na metali, anotta CI2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fur. taki de\u011fi\u015fmezken 2. kapta azal\u0131r. \t II.\t Pt elektrot Na metali ile kaplan\u0131r. \u2022\t Tuzlar\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri elektro- \t III.\t Cu elektrodun k\u00fctlesi azal\u0131r. \t C)\t Katotlarda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan maddelerin e\u015f- liz edilirse H+ ve OH\u2212 y\u00fckselt- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? de\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. genme ve indirgenme potan- siyelleri g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C Yaln\u0131z III \t D)\t 1. kab\u0131n katodunda 1 mol madde a\u00e7\u0131- Aktif\u200ali\u011fi H2\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan Cu, \u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken, 2. kab\u0131n katodunda 2 mol Hg ve Ag metallerin sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- \t \u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 madde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. tileri elekroliz edilirse katotlar- da bu metaller birikir. Aktifli\u011fi \t E)\t 1. kab\u0131n anodunda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan gaz\u0131n H2\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan Na, K, Ca, hacmi ile 1. kab\u0131n anodunda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131- Mg, Zn, AI ....vb metallerinin kan gaz\u0131n hacmi e\u015fittir. katyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti- lerin elektrolizinde ise katotta, \t 2H2O + 2e\u2212 \u2192 H2(g) + 2OH\u2212 6.\t \t tepkimesi olu\u015fur. \u00d6rne\u011fin; AgCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi CuCI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi NaCI\u2019in sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektroliz 2F 1. kap \u2212 + 2. kap edilirse, Katot(\u2212) = 2H2O(s) + 2e\u2212 \u2192 H2(g) + 2OH(\u2212suda) Anot(+) = 2CI(\u2212suda) \u2192 CI2(g) + 2e\u2212 Elektroliz Tepkimesi = \t Seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f elektroliz devresinde e\u015fit 2H2O\u2006+\u20062CI\u2212\u2006\u2192\u2006H2(g)\u2006+\u2006CI2(g)\u2006+\u20062OH\u2212 deri\u015fimli AgCI ve CuCI2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri 2 fara- \u015feklinde olu\u015fur. dayl\u0131k elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ile yukar\u0131da \u015fekildeki gibi elektroliz ediliyor. Elektrolizin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131 \t Bununla ilgili, 8.\t Bir kaptaki saf su i\u00e7ine deri\u015fik 1 \u2212 2 damla \t \u2022\tEnd\u00fcstride bir\u00e7ok maddenin I.\t 1. kaptaki katotta biriken madde k\u00fctle- H2SO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ilave edilerek Pt elektrot- sentezi elektrolizle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t larda bir s\u00fcre elektroliz ediliyor. Al, Mg ... v.b. baz\u0131 metaller, eri- sinin 2. kaptaki madde k\u00fctlesine oran\u0131 mi\u015f tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n elektrolizi ile elde \t \t Bununla ilgili, edilir. \t 27 dir. \t 8 \t I.\t Anotta biriken gaz k\u00fctlesi, katotta biri- \t Bak\u0131r\u0131n safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, baz\u0131 y\u00fc- \t ken gaz k\u00fctlesinin iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. zeylerin metalle kaplanmas\u0131 II.\t Kaplar\u0131n anotlar\u0131nda biriken gazlar\u0131n (elektro kaplama) elektrolizle \t II.\t Anotta O2 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullardaki hacimleri e\u015fittir. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltinin pH = 7\u2019dir. III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltilerin pH de\u011ferleri de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (H:1, O: 16) yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = H2 > Cu > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212, Ag:108, Cu:64) \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 214 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 5.D 6.A 7.E 8.B","FARADAY YASALARI Test \/ 11 1.\t 1 Faraday elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ile ilgili, 4.\t Tuna isimli \u00f6\u011frenci bir kaptaki saf su \u00f6r- Faraday Yasalar\u0131 ne\u011finin i\u00e7ine 1 \u2212 2 damla deri\u015fik s\u00fclf\u00fcrik \u2022\t Elektroliz devresinde, elektrot- \t I.\t 1 mol elektronun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc- asit damlat\u0131p, iletkenli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra larda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan elementlerin d\u00fcr. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki deney d\u00fczene\u011fini kurup elektro- miktarlar\u0131 devreden ge\u00e7en elekt- \t II.\t Elektroliz devresinde 1 e\u015fde\u011fer gram madde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. liz ediyor. rik y\u00fck\u00fc ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t III.\t MgCI2 eriyi\u011finin elektrolizi esnas\u0131nda \t Deney t\u00fcp\u00fc Deney t\u00fcp\u00fc \t Q=I.t katotta 12 gram madde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Pt Pt \u2022\t Elektrolitik devreden, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t 1 mol elektron = 1 Faraday = \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 96500 coulombluk elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ge\u00e7ti\u011finde 1 e\u015fde\u011fer \u2212 gram element birikir. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 E = A Td \t +\u2212 \t \t Devreden 4 Faradayl\u0131k elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ge\u00e7- \t E = E\u015fde\u011fer \u2212 gram ti\u011finde katotta biriken gaz ile deney t\u00fcp\u00fc- \t A = Atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fcn 24 gram geldi\u011fini tart\u0131yor. \t Td = Tesir de\u011ferli\u011fi \t Buna g\u00f6re, anotta biriken gaz ile deney 2.\t Bir elektroliz d\u00fczene\u011finde toplanan t\u00fcp\u00fc ka\u00e7 gram gelir? \u2022\t \u00d6rne\u011fin, CuCI2 ve AlCI3 s\u0131v\u0131- lar\u0131 seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f elektroliz madde miktar\u0131 ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131- lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? kaplar\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u015fekildeki \t (Katotta H2, anotta O2 gaz\u0131 birikir. Gazlar\u0131n gibi elektroliz edilirse kaplar\u0131n \t A)\t Elektroliz olan iyonlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltgenme katotlar\u0131ndaki tepkimeler ve basama\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. k\u00fctle oranlar\u0131 = mH2 = 1 ) biriken Cu ve Al miktar\u0131 1 mol mO2 8 elektron ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, \t B)\t Katot veya anotta bulunan elektrotlar\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \t A) 52\u2001 B) 40\u2001 C) 32\u2001 D) 20\u2001 E) 12 \t C)\t Ak\u0131m \u015fiddeti artt\u0131k\u00e7a birim zamanda CuCI2 AICI3 toplanacak madde miktar\u0131 artar. 1. kap \u2212 + 2. kap \t D)\t Devrede ta\u015f\u0131nan elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ile do\u011f- \t 1. kap II. kap ru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Cu2(s+)+2e\u2212\u2192Cu AI3(s+)+3e\u2212\u2192AI(k) \t E)\t Elektrotlar\u0131n y\u00fczey b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. 5.\t XBr2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 0,8 Faraday elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ile 1 mol 0,5 1 mol 1 mol mol 3 elektroliz edildi\u011finde katotta 25,6 gram X metali toplan\u0131yor. MCu = 0,5.64=32g MAI = 1 .\u200a27 = 9 3 \t Buna g\u00f6re, X metalinin atom k\u00fctlesi (AI=27, Cu=64) ka\u00e7t\u0131r? veya = Cu i\u00e7in, 3.\t + \u2212+ \u2212 \t A) 64\u2001 B) 56\u2001 C) 40\u2001 D) 39\u2001 E) 24 E = 64 = 32 gram, Pt Pt Pt 2 Pt 27 Al i\u00e7in E = 3 = 9 gram \u2022\t Yukar\u0131daki verilenlerden, \t E1 = m1 E2 m2 XCI2 XCI3 \t ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131labilir. I II 6.\t Platin elektrotlarla CuSO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi bir \t Yukar\u0131daki seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f elektroliz dev- s\u00fcre elektroliz edildi\u011finde, anotta normal resinde elektroliz esnas\u0131nda 28 gram X \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda 11,2 L O2 gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. metali ile normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda 13,44 L \t Buna g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcrede katotta ka\u00e7 gram hacim kaplayan Cl2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. bak\u0131r (Cu) birikir? (Cu:64) \t Buna g\u00f6re, X metalinin mol k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7 \t A) 8\u2001 B) 16\u2001 C) 32\u2001 D) 48\u2001 E) 64 gramd\u0131r? 215 \t A) 27\u2001 B) 56\u2001 C) 70\u2001 D) 84\u2001 E) 128 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.E 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.E","FARADAY YASALARI Test \/ 11 7.\t AgNO3 eriyi\u011finden 27 gram g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f (Ag) 10.\t AgCI ve CuCI2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri seri ba\u011fl\u0131 Soru: a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc, Mg(NO3)2 eriyi\u011finden ka\u00e7 gram magnezyum a\u00e7\u0131- \u00f6zde\u015f elektroliz kab\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre elektro- AgCI ve CuCI2 tuzlar\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- \u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r? (Ag:108, Mg:24) liz edildi\u011finde kaplar\u0131n anotlar\u0131nda normal tileri seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f elektrolitik \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda toplam 4,48 L CI2 gaz\u0131 biri- kiyor. h\u00fccrelerde bir s\u00fcre elektroliz edi- \t Katotlar\u0131nda biriken Ag ve Cu miktar\u0131 toplam ka\u00e7 gramd\u0131r? (Ag:108, Cu:64) liyor. \t A) 3\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 8\u2001 E) 12 \t A) 7\u2001 B) 14\u2001 C) 28\u2001 D) 35\u2001 E) 56 Buna g\u00f6re, 21,6 gram Ag\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131n ka\u00e7 gram Cu elde edilir? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: EAg = mAg e\u015fitli\u011finden, 8.\t CuSO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin elektrolizi ile ECu mCu ilgili; 108 \t I.\t 3,2 kg bak\u0131r elde etmek i\u00e7in devreden 1 = 21,6 100 mol elektron ge\u00e7melidir. 64 MCu \t II.\t Anotta O2 gaz\u0131 birikir. 2 \t III.\t Elektroliz devresinden 20 amperlik 11.\t 500 mL, 0,75 M CuCI2 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elekt- MCu = 21,6.32 ak\u0131m 19300 saniye s\u00fcreyle ge\u00e7irilirse roliz ediliyor. 108 128 g Cu birikir. \t Cu2+ iyonlar\u0131 deri\u015fiminin 0,25 M olmas\u0131 = 6,4 gram \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? i\u00e7in 19,3 amperlik ak\u0131mla ka\u00e7 saniyede Soru: ak\u0131m ge\u00e7irilmelidir? \t (Cu:64, 1 mol e = 96500\u2006C, Elektron verme e\u011filimi OH\u2212 > SO42\u2212 ) \t A) 1000\u2001 B) 2000\u2001 C) 2500 ZnCl2 eriyi\u011fi bulunan bir elektroliz \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) 3000\u2001 E) 5000\u2001 d\u00fczene\u011fine 965 saniye s\u00fcresince \t \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 20 amper ak\u0131m uygulan\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re elektroliz d\u00fczene\u011finin katodunda toplanan maddenin t\u00fcr\u00fc ve miktar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015f- tir? A) 0,1 mol Zn 9.\t + \u2212 12.\t 1 Coulombluk elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc AgNO3 \u00e7\u00f6zelti- B) 0,2 mol Zn Cu Fe ka\u015f\u0131k sinden katotta 1,118 mg Ag biriktirirken, 12 coulombluk elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc X(NO3)3 \u00e7\u00f6zelti- C) 0,1 mol Cl2 sinden 1,118 mg X birikmektedir. D) 0,2 mol Cl2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, X\u2019in atom k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7 akb\u2019dir? E) 0,05 mol Zn (Ag:108) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Cu(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t A) 9\u2001 B) 19\u2001 C) 27\u2001 D) 31\u2001 E) 40 ne\u2013 = (I.t)\/96500=(965.20)\/96500 Yukar\u0131daki elektroliz d\u00fczene\u011finde demir ka\u015f\u0131k bak\u0131r ile kaplanmak istenmektedir. ne\u2013 = 0,2 mol e\u2013 \t Buna g\u00f6re, I.\t D\u0131\u015f devrede elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 Fe\u2019den Cu\u2019ya Katotta Zn2+ iyonlar\u0131 indirgenir. \t do\u011frudur. Zn2+ + 2e\u2013 \u2192 Zn \t II.\t Fe ka\u015f\u0131k katot, Cu \u00e7ubuk anot al\u0131nma- 0,1 mol 0,2 mol 0,1 mo1 l\u0131d\u0131r. 0,1 mol Zn toplan\u0131r. \t III.\t \u00c7\u00f6zeltideki Cu2+ iyon deri\u015fimi zamanla Cevap:A \t de\u011fi\u015fmez. 13.\t Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1500 mL MgBr2 sulu \t ifadelerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi bir s\u00fcre elektroliz edildi\u011finde \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II anotta 0,075 mol Br2 birikti\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH de\u011feri ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t A) 13\u2001 B) 12\u2001 C) 7\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 216 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.A","KOROZ YON Test \/ 12 1.\t Korozyon, nem i\u00e7inde oksijen taraf\u0131ndan 4.\t Metalleri korozyondan koruma y\u00f6ntemle- Korozyon metallerin y\u00fckseltgendi\u011fi bir redoks tepki- rinden biri de kurban elektrot anota ba\u011f- Metal ve al\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundukla- mesi olsa da, seramiklerden boyalara ka- lamakt\u0131r. Anotu olu\u015fturan kurban elektrot r\u0131 ortam ile kimyasal veya elekt- dar her \u00e7e\u015fit maddenin a\u015f\u0131n\u0131p i\u015fe yaramaz daha aktiftir. rokimyasal tepkimeye girerek, hale gelmesi i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. oksitlenip, \u00f6zelliklerini kaybetme- \t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 metallerin indirgenme yar\u0131 lerine denir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, tepkime ve potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitleri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \t I.\t Bir binadaki mermer basamaklar\u0131n \t Zn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Zn\t E\u00ba = \u22120,76V normal korozyon nem i\u00e7inde me- a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \t Mg2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Mg\t E\u00ba = \u22122,37V tal ve ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n oksijen taraf\u0131n- \tFe2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Fe\t E\u00ba = \u22120,44V dan y\u00fckseltgendi\u011fi redoks i\u015flemi- \t II.\t Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda demirin d\u00f6v\u00fclme- \t Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Cu\t E\u00ba = +0,34V dir. Bu \u015fekildeki korozyonun en si sonucu pul pul d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi \u00e7ok rastlan\u0131lan\u0131 paslanmad\u0131r. \t III.\t Demirin paslanmas\u0131 \t Sn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Sn\t E\u00ba = \u22120,14V \t hangileri korozyona \u00f6rnektir? \t Buna g\u00f6re, demir metalini korozyondan korumak i\u00e7in hangi metaller kurban \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II elektrot olarak se\u00e7ilemez? \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 \t A) Mg ve Zn\t\t B) Mg, Cu ve Sn \t C) Sn ve Cu\t\t D) Sn ve Mg \t E) Zn, Mg ve Sn Paslanma 2.\t Metallerin gergin noktalar\u0131nda korozyon \u2022\t Korozyon olay\u0131 sanayinin her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde vard\u0131r. Nemli ve kolay yerle\u015fir. a\u00e7\u0131k atmosferde bulunan tank- lar, ta\u015f\u0131t ara\u00e7lar\u0131, yeralt\u0131 su ve \t Bununla ilgili, gaz borular\u0131, iskele ayaklar\u0131, gemiler, bir\u00e7ok makine par\u00e7as\u0131 \t I.\t Demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ivi, ba\u015f ve u\u00e7 k\u0131s- korozyona u\u011framaktad\u0131r. Ko- m\u0131ndan korozyona u\u011frar. rozyon sonucu bir hayli eko- nomik kay\u0131p ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \t II.\t \u00c7ivinin ba\u015f ve u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 anot olarak Korozyondan korunmak i\u00e7in davran\u0131r. yap\u0131lan harcamalar ekonomik olarak fazlad\u0131r. \t III.\t \u00c7ivinin e\u011fik b\u00f6lgelerinde [OH\u2212] > [H+] e\u015fitsizli\u011fi vard\u0131r. \u2022\t Metallerin gergin noktalar\u0131 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 5.\t AI daha fazla korozyona u\u011frar. \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00c7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f malzemenin Fe gergin noktalar\u0131 anot g\u00f6revi ya- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 par. Demir y\u00fckseltgenir. I AI \tFe \u2192 Fe2 + 2e\u2212 Zn \u2022\t \u00dcretilen elektronlar O2\u2019ye ve H2O\u2019ya maruz kalan alanlarda Fe e\u011filmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelere kayar. E\u011filmi\u015f b\u00f6lgeler katot olarak davran\u0131r. Zn 3.\t Bir metal \u00e7ivide metal atomlar\u0131n\u0131n kristal II \t O2 + H2O + 4e\u2212 \u2192 4OH\u2212 yap\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 olursa korozyonu h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Sn \t tepkimesi olu\u015fur ve, Demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ivinin belli nokta- lar\u0131 a, b, c harfleri ile alttaki gibi i\u015faretlen- Fe \t 2Fe\u2006+\u2006O2\u2006+\u20062H2O\u2006\u2192\u20062Fe2+\u2006+\u20064OH\u2212 mi\u015ftir. Pas a III Sn \t net tepkimesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. b c \t Verilen \u015fekillerde metallerden yap\u0131lan borulardan hangilerinde demir (Fe) boru \t korozyondan korunabilir? (Elektron ver- me e\u011filimleri = AI > Zn > Fe > Sn) \t Bu noktalar\u0131n korozyona u\u011framas\u0131 b\u00fc- y\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe nas\u0131l s\u0131ralan\u0131r? \t A) a > b > c\u2001 B) c > a > b\u2001 C) b > c > a \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) c > b > a\u2001 E) b > a > c\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.E 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C 217 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","KOROZ YON Test \/ 12 Korozyondan Korunma 6.\t Zn 9.\t Metalleri korozyondan koruma y\u00f6ntemle- \u2022\t Metali Cu, Cr ... v.b. daha zor Fe rinden biri kurban elektrot olan, anot olarak y\u00fckseltgenen metalle kaplama g\u00f6rev yapan metal elektrota ba\u011flamakt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 metallerin indirgenme yar\u0131 \u2022\t Metali daha \u00e7abuk y\u00fckseltge- \t \u0130ndirgenme potansiyeli demirden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck potansiyelleri verilmi\u015ftir. nen kurban elektrot olarak ano- \u00e7inko metali ile \u00f6zde\u015f Fe par\u00e7as\u0131 atmosfer ta ba\u011flamak ortam\u0131nda yukar\u0131daki gibi temas halinde \t Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Cu\t E0 = +0,34V bulunuyorlar. \u2022\t Metalin y\u00fczeyini koruyucu film \t Sn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Sn\t E0 = \u22120,14V ile kaplamak Bununla ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi \t yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \tFe2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Fe\t E0 = \u22120,44V \u2022\t Boya gibi koruyucu kaplama yapmak \t Zn2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Zn\t E0 = \u22120,76V \u2022\t Galvanize yapma (\u00c7inko ile \t A)\t Fe\u2019nin Zn ile katodik korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \t Al3+ + 3e\u2212 \u2192 Al\t E0 = \u22121,66V kaplama) \t B)\t Zn par\u00e7as\u0131 bitinceye kadar Fe korozyo- \t Buna g\u00f6re, Fe metalini korozyondan na u\u011framaz. korumak i\u00e7in hangi elementler kurban \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r. elektrot olarak kullan\u0131labilir? \t C)\t Fe metali katot olarak g\u00f6rev yapar. \t A) Cu ve AI\u2001 B) Cu ve Sn\u2001 C) Zn ve AI \t D)\t Katot yar\u0131 tepkimesi, 2H+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 H2(g) Soru: \u015feklindedir. \t\u2001 D) Fe ve Sn\u2001 E) Fe ve AI\u2001 X Y \t E)\t Zn metali y\u00fckseltgen maddedir. Bir \u00e7ivinin ba\u015f ve u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 X ve Y ile g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7ivinin korozyonu ile ilgili, I.\tX ve Y k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda Fe2+ iyon- 7.\t \u2022\t Gemilerin deniz suyu alt\u0131ndaki g\u00f6vdeleri lar\u0131 olu\u015fur. \t \u2022\t Su alt\u0131nda d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015f gaz borular\u0131 10.\t Demiri (Fe) koruma y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri de II.\tX ve Y aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131mda su, \t \u2022\t S\u0131cak su kazanlar\u0131 aktif bir metalle y\u00fczeyini kaplayarak kato- oksijenle birlikte indirgenir. dik korumad\u0131r. Aktif metal anot g\u00f6revi ya- pan kurban elektrottur. III.\tX ve Y aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131sma fenol- \t \u2022\t Tanklar\u0131n g\u00f6vdeleri \t Bunun i\u00e7in, ftalein indikat\u00f6r\u00fcnden birka\u00e7 \t \u2022\t K\u00f6pr\u00fclerin su alt\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 damla ilave edilirse pembe Yukar\u0131da verilenlerden ka\u00e7 tanesinde \t I. Al\u2001 II. Mg\u2001 III. Ag\u2001 IV. Cu\u2001 V. Zn \t renk al\u0131r. \t yukar\u0131da verilen metallerden hangileri korozyondan korunmak i\u00e7in katodik kullan\u0131labilir? (Elektron verme e\u011filimleri = yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? koruma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r? \t Mg >Al > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag) A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) I ve II\t\t D) II ve III \t A) 5\u2001 B) 4\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 2\u2001 E) 1 E) I, II ve III \t A) III ve IV\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) I ve IV \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t\u2001 D) I, II ve V\u2001 E) I ve II\u2001 Demir \u00e7ivinin ba\u015f ve u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mla- 8.\t AI \u00e7ubuk r\u0131nda kristal yap\u0131lar\u0131 daha hasar- l\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in demir (Fe) metali y\u00fckseltgenir. Fe \u2192 Fe2+ + 2e\u2212 yar\u0131 tepkimesi Demir \u00e7ubuk olu\u015fur. X ve Y aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131mda ise O2, \t Toprak alt\u0131nda demirden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su bo- 11.\t Korozyon ile ilgili; H2O ile birlikte indirgenir, katot rusu, al\u00fcminyum \u00e7ubuk ile s\u00fcrekli temas olur. halinde tutulmaktad\u0131r. \t I.\t Metallerin d\u0131\u015f etkiler sonucunda oksit- Katot yar\u0131 tepkimesi, lenmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r. 1 \u2006O2 + H2O + 4e\u2212 \u2192 2OH\u2212 \t Bununla ilgili, \t II.\t Yava\u015f yanma olay\u0131d\u0131r. 2 \t I.\t Katodik koruma y\u00f6ntemidir. \t II.\t Al \u00e7ubuk kurban elektrottur. \t III.\t Aktifli\u011fi y\u00fcksek bir metalin korozyon- \u015feklindedir. \t III.\t Al katot olarak g\u00f6rev yapar. dan korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha pasif bir me- tal kurban elektrot olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Fenolf\u200al\u200aatein bazik ortamda pem- be renk al\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Cevap: E \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 218 6.E 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.C","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 13 1.\t V 4.\t V Soru: Z(k) X(k) Cu Y(k) Cu XY Doygun KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 1M XSO4 1M YSO4 X2+ Y2+ Z2+ \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 1. kap 2. kap 3. kap 100mL 1\u200aM 200mL 1\u200aM 1. kap 2. kap CuSO4 CuSO4 Yukar\u0131daki d\u00fczeneklerde 1. ve 3. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t \u2022\t X \ufffd X2+ + 2e\u2212 E0 = \u2212a V kaplarda tepkime g\u00f6zlenirken 2. \t \u2022\tY \ufffd Y2+ + 2e\u2212 E0 = \u2212 b V kapta tepkime olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 1. kap 2. kap \t \u2022\t a>b Buna g\u00f6re, \t Yukar\u0131daki deri\u015fim pilinde, pilin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f- mas\u0131 i\u00e7in, I.\tBir metalin di\u011fer iki metali y\u00fckseltgeyece\u011fi, \t I.\t 2. kaba 100 mL su eklemek, \t Yukar\u0131da verilen pil \u015femas\u0131 ve standart II.\tAktif bir metalin pasif metalle \t II.\t 1. kaptan 50 mL su buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak, kaplanaca\u011f\u0131, y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyellerine g\u00f6re, \t III.\t 2. kaptaki elektrodun k\u00fctlesini art\u0131rmak \t I.\t Pilin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda 1. kaptaki III.\tHangi metalin di\u011fer iki metali \t i\u015flemlerinden hangileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131- X2+ deri\u015fimi zamanla artar. indirgeyece\u011fi labilir? \t II.\t Pil potansiyeli (a-b) volttur. sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hangilerine ula\u015f\u0131- labilir? \t III.\t 2. kapta NaCl kat\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ise pil po- A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II tansiyeli azal\u0131r. D) I ve II C) Yaln\u0131z III\t \t A) I, II ve III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? E) I, II ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 \t (YCl2 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen bir tuzdur.) \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 2.\t X(NO3)2 eriyinin elektrolizinde 0,2 F\u2019lik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: ak\u0131m katotta 4 gram X toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011f- 1. ve 3. kaplarda tepkime oluyorsa, l\u0131yor. metallerin aktifli\u011fi, \t Buna g\u00f6re, X\u2019in mol k\u00fctlesi ka\u00e7 gram- d\u0131r? Y > X, X > Z ve Y > X > Z \t A) 20\u2001 B) 40\u2001 C) 52\u2001 D) 64\u2001 E) 65 \u015feklinde olur. Bu durumda Z2+, X ve Y\u2019yi y\u00fck- seltger. En aktif Y metali, X ve Y metalleri ile kaplanabilir. En aktif Y metali X ve Y metallerini indirger. Cevap: E 3.\t Zn metali Cu metalinden aktif, Mg meta- 5.\tK2Cr2O7 + 6HI + 4H2SO4 \u2192 linden ise pasiftir. Zn ve Cu metalleri ile 3I2 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O olu\u015fturulan bir galvanik h\u00fccrenin potansi- yeli 1,1 volt; Zn ve Mg metallerinden olu\u015f- \t tepkimesi ile ilgili, turulan galvanik h\u00fccrenin potansiyeli ise \t I.\t Y\u00fckseltgenme-indirgenme tepkimesidir. 1,6 volttur. \t II.\t HI y\u00fckseltgen olarak davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t III.\t 1 mol K2Cr2O7, 3 mol elektron alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, Cu ve Mg\u2019den olu\u015fturulan \t yukar\u0131da verilenlerden hangileri do\u011fru- galvanik h\u00fccrenin potansiyeli ka\u00e7 volt- tur? dur? \t A) 0,20\u2001 B) 1,10\u2001 C) 1,60 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) 2,00\u2001 E) 2,70\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.B 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.A 219 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 13 Soru: 6.\t yal\u0131n bir \u00e7ubuk s\u0131f\u0131r y\u00fckselt- 8.\t Zn(k) + Cu2+\ufffd Zn2+ + Cu(k) \u2212 Zn + genme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, pozitif y\u00fck- \t elektrokimyasal h\u00fccresine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015f- Cu lemler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. ZnSO4 seltgenme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, negatif \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t 1. i\u015flem : Anot b\u00f6lgesinde bir miktar su bu- y\u00fckseltgenme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sembolize etmek- harla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. tedir. \t 2. i\u015flem : Katot b\u00f6lgesinde bir miktar su buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. CuSO4 \t \u0130ndirgenen ve y\u00fckseltgenen elementleri, \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi + \t 3. i\u015flem : Katot b\u00f6lgesine Cu(NO3)2 kat\u0131s\u0131 ekleniyor. Porselen \u00e7eper \t Buna g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler pil potansi- Bir Daniel h\u00fccresinin \u015fekli yakla- + yelini nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirir? \u015f\u0131k yukar\u0131daki gibidir. \u015feklinde olan bir redoks tepkimesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- \t\t1. i\u015flem \t 2. i\u015flem 3. i\u015flem Bu pilin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile ilgili, \t dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t A)\t azal\u0131r\t artar\t artar \t \t B)\t azal\u0131r\t azal\u0131r\t artar I.\tCu2+ iyonlar\u0131 Cu elektrodun \u00fcze- A)\t Cu + 4HNO3(suda) \u2192 \t C)\t artar\t artar\t artar rinde Cu \u015feklinde birikir. E\u015fde\u011fer \t Cu(NO3)2(suda) + 2NO2(g) + H2O \t D)\t azal\u0131r\t artar\t azal\u0131r a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta Zn metali Zn2+ iyonlar\u0131 \t E)\t azal\u0131r\t azal\u0131r\t azal\u0131r halinde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ge\u00e7er. \t B)\t C(k) + 2H2SO4(suda) \u2192 CO2(s) + 2SO2(g) + 2H2O II.\tMetalik Zn ve CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi \t t\u00fcketilir. \t C)\t Mg(k) + 2HCI(suda) \u2192 MgCI2(k) + H2(g) \t D)\t CaCO3 + 2HCI \u2192 CaCI2 + CO2 + 2H2O III.\tTuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcndeki katyonlar E)\t Ag(k) + 2H2SO4 \u2192 Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O ZnSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zelti taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7er. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) I ve II\t\t D) II ve III E) I, II ve III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 9.\t \t Zn\/Zn2+(10\u22122\u2006M) \/\/ Ag+(10\u22125\u2006M) \/ Ag \u015eekildeki gibi Zn elektrot(\u2212) y\u00fckl\u00fc \t Yukar\u0131da \u015femas\u0131 verilen galvanik h\u00fcc- ve anotdur. Cu elektrot(+) y\u00fckl\u00fc ve renin potansiyeli ka\u00e7 volttur?\t katottur. (0,0592 de\u011feri 0,06 al\u0131nacak) Katotda; \t (Zn \/ Zn2+\u2192 E0 = +0,76V, Cu+2 iyonlar\u0131 Cu+2 + 2e \u2212 \u2192 Cu \t Ag \/ Ag+\u2192 \u200aE0 = \u22120,80V) \u015feklinde indirgenerek e\u015fde\u011fer a\u011f\u0131r- \t A) 1,74\u2001 B) 1,65\u2001 C) 1,38 l\u0131ktaki Zn metali de Zn2+ iyonlar\u0131 \u015feklinde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ge\u00e7er. \t\u2001 D) 1,36\u2001 E) 1,32\u2001 Katyonlar katota yani CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6- 7.\t \u2212+ zelti taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Cevap: C KCI \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi 10.\t Zn \/ Zn2+(X M) \/\/ Cu2+(1 M) \/ Cu \t \u015eekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi platin elektrotlarla \t \u015feklinde \u015femas\u0131 verilen elektrokimyasal KCI sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi elektroliz ediliyor. h\u00fccrenin potansiyeli 1,13\u2006V olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl- m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yan- l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (Y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri = \t Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7inko iyon deri\u015fimi (X+) ka\u00e7 molard\u0131r? \t K > H2 > CI\u2212 > OH\u2212) \t (Zn \/ Zn2+ \u2192 E0 = +0,76V, \t A)\t Katotta H2 gaz\u0131 birikir. \t Cu \/ Cu2+ \u200a\u2192 E0 = \u22120,34V) \t B)\t Anotta CI2 gaz\u0131 birikir. \t (0,0592 de\u011feri 0,06 al\u0131nacak) \t C)\t Zamanla \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH\u2019si artar. \t D)\t Zamanla \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki H+ deri\u015fimi artar. \t A) 0,005\u2001 B) 0,1\u2001 C) 0,15 \t E)\tK+, seyirci iyondur. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) 0,5\u2001 E) 0,8\u2001 220 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.E 10.B","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 14 1.\t Seri ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f iki elektroliz kab\u0131nda s\u0131- 4.\t 7A grubunda bulunan X , Y ve Z element- Soru: ras\u0131yla MgCl2 ve XCln eriyikleri elektroliz leriyle ilgili; ediliyor. Bu i\u015flem sonucunda 3,6 gram Mg ve ile m gram X metali elde ediliyor. \t \u2022\t NaX , NaY ve NaZ eriyikleri i\u00e7eren bir G\u00f6ksel, T\u00fcrkan ve Ekrem isimli \u00f6\u011f- \t Buna g\u00f6re, X metalinin mol k\u00fctlesini renciler iki ayr\u0131 kapta haz\u0131rlad\u0131k- veren denklem a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangi- kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m elektroliz edildi\u011finde anotta \u00f6n- lar\u0131 CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinden birine sidir? (Mg:24) celikle Y2 gaz\u0131 toplan\u0131yor. Zn metalini, di\u011ferine Ag metalini \t A) 2mn\/15\u2001 B) 10mn\/3\u2001 C) 2m\/15n \t \u2022\t NaZ \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi bulunan bir kapa X2 gaz\u0131 dald\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Zn ilave edildi\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlesi azal\u0131yor. metalinin karard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Ag meta- \u2001 D) 3n\/20m \u2001 E) 2n\/15m\u2001 linde ise de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z- \t bilgileri veriliyor lemliyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re X, Y ve Z elementleri ile ilgili; Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu deney ve sonucu ile ilgili, \t I.\t Atom numaralar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki,\t Y > Z > X\u2019tir. Zn, Cu\u2019dan daha kuvvet- \t II.\t Y2 elementinin indirgenme potansiyeli li indirgendir, Zn, CuSO4 X2 ve Z2 elementlerinden fazlad\u0131r. G\u00f6ksel ile tepkime verir. 2.\t Galvanik h\u00fccreler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- \t III.\t Z\u2212 iyonunun y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli Ag, Cu\u2019dan daha kuvvet- X\u2212 iyonundan fazlad\u0131r. li y\u00fckseltgen oldu\u011fun- den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? T\u00fcrkan dan tepkime vermez. \t A)\t Anotta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen y\u00fckseltgenme so- nucu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan elektronlar d\u0131\u015f dev- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Ag\u2019den yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kap- rede katot kab\u0131na do\u011fru akar. ta ZnSO4 ve CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6- \t B)\t Bir pilin standart potansiyeli pilde bulu- Ekrem zeltileri saklanamaz. nan elektrot ve elektrolit t\u00fcrlerine ba\u011f- \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 l\u0131d\u0131r. \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunu- \t C)\t Pil diyagram\u0131, yorlar. \t \t Al \/ Al3+(1\u2006M) \/\/ Ag+(1\u2006M) \/ Ag Buna g\u00f6re, hangi \u00f6\u011frencilerin a\u00e7\u0131k- \t \t \u015feklinde olan galvanik h\u00fccrede pilin lamalar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu Ag+ iyon deri\u015fimi za- manla azal\u0131r. A) Yaln\u0131z G\u00f6ksel B) Yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkan \t D)\t Tuz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan anyonlar C) Yaln\u0131z Ekrem anot yar\u0131 h\u00fccresine, katyonlar katot D) G\u00f6ksel ile Ekrem yar\u0131 h\u00fccresine do\u011fru hareket eder. E) T\u00fcrkan ile Ekrem \t E)\t Bir deri\u015fim pilinin standart potansiyeli 5.\t [Anot]\u2006\/\u2006[Katot] de\u011feri ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. e \u2212+ e Pt Pt \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: CaSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi ile Zn tepkime veri- yor, Ag vermiyor. 3.\t XCl2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine Y ve Z metalleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 O halde metallerin aktiflikleri; bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Y metali i\u00e7eren \u00e7ubuk \u00fcze- Zn > Cu > Ag rinde X metali toplan\u0131rken Z metali i\u00e7eren \u00e7ubukta herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmuyor. \u015feklindedir. \t Buna g\u00f6re X, Y ve Z elementleri ile ilgili; \t Yeterli deri\u015fime sahip Na2SO4 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zel- Zn = En iyi indirgen madde tisinin elektroliz d\u00fczene\u011fi yukar\u0131daki gibi- Ag = En iyi y\u00fckseltgen madde \t I.\t Standart y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki Y > Z > X\u2019dir. dir. Ag\u2019den yap\u0131lan bir kapta ZnSO4 ve CuSO4 \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri tepkime verme- \t II.\t Z metalinden olu\u015fan bir \u00e7ubuk ZCl2 \t Bununla ilgili, yece\u011fi i\u00e7in saklanabilir. \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine bat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa redoks tepkimesi \t I.\t Anotta O2 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t II.\t Katotta H2 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Cevap: C \t III.\t Z2+ iyonun indirgenme potansiyeli X2+ \t III.\t Zamanla \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin pH\u2019si azal\u0131r. iyonundan y\u00fcksektir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t (Y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyelleri \t Na > H2 > OH\u2212 > SO24\u2212 ) \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 1.B 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.C 221 K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K","\u00dcN\u0130TE TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 14 Soru: 6.\t A \u2212 + B 8.\t E0X2+\/X = \u22120,13 V AI3+ + 3e\u2212 \u2192 AI\t E\u00ba = \u22121,66V \tE0Y2+\/Y = \u22120,25 V Cu2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Cu\t E\u00ba = +0,34V \tE0Z2+\/Z \u200a= \u22120,76 V \tE0T2+\/T \u200a= + 0,40 V Fe2+ + 2e\u2212 \u2192 Fe\t E\u00ba = \u22120,44V \t Baz\u0131 iyonlar\u0131n standart \u015fartlardaki yar\u0131 pil Baz\u0131 elementlerin indirgenme stan- XCIn eriyi\u011fi gerilimleri yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. dart tepkimeleri ve potansiyelleri yukar\u0131daki gibi verilmi\u015ftir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lardan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Fe(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi AI ve Cu \u00e7u- \t Yukar\u0131daki elektroliz d\u00fczene\u011finde XCln buklar\u0131 ile ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir s\u00fcre ka- eriyi\u011fi elektroliz ediliyor. \t A)\t Y\u00fckseltgenme potansiyeli en fazla olan r\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \t Z\u2019dir. \t Buna g\u00f6re; Buna g\u00f6re, \t I.\t A elektrodunun k\u00fctlesi zamanla artar. \t B)\t X elektrodu HCl \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine bat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa H2 gaz\u0131 olu\u015fturur. I.\tAI \u00e7ubuk kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u00fctlesi azal\u0131r. \t II.\t Elektroliz esnas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan Cl2 miktar\u0131 n de\u011ferine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. \t C)\t T, yar\u0131 soy metaldir. II.\tCu \u00e7ubuk kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u00fctlesi \t \t D)\t Z elektrodu,Y2+ iyonu i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltide de\u011fi\u015fmez. \t III.\t B elektrodunun k\u00fctlesi elektrolizde kul- \t lan\u0131lan ak\u0131m \u015fiddeti ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. III.\tFe2+ + Cu \ufffd Cu2+ + Fe \u015fekilde artar. \t tepkimesi istemsizdir. \t E)\t Z metalinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapta TCl2 yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi saklanabilir. \u2001 yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t (Fe:56, Cu:64, Ag:108) A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) Yaln\u0131z III\t D) I ve III A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III E) I, II ve III \u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 9.\t Al + Ag+ \ufffd Al3+ + Ag \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t tepkimesine g\u00f6re 16,2 gram Ag metali- \u0130ndirgenme yar\u0131 potansiyellerine nin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 tane Al atomu g\u00f6re metallerin aktifli\u011fi, \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye ge\u00e7melidir? AI > Fe > Cu \u015feklindedir. \t (Al:27, Ag:108, NA:6.1023) AI, Fe(NO3\u200a)2 ile tepkime verir. \t A) 6.1023\u2001 B) 3.1023\u2001 C) 1,5.1023 AI\u2019nin e\u015fde\u011fer k\u00fctlesi 9, Fe\u2019nin- \t\u2001 D) 3.1022\u2001 E) 1,5.1022\u2001 ki 28 oldu\u011fundan \u00e7\u00f6zelti k\u00fctlesi azal\u0131r. Cu, Fe(NO3\u200a)2 ile tepkime vermez, k\u00fctlesi de\u011fi\u015fmez. 7.\t Zn ve Cu metallerinin standart elektrot po- Fe2+ + Cu \ufffd Fe(k) + Cu2+ tansiyelleri, 10.\t Galvanik h\u00fccre ve elektrolitik h\u00fccre ile tepkimesi kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ek- \t Zn2+ \/ Zn \u2192 \u200aE0 = \u22120,76 V le\u015fmez. Cevap: E \t Cu2+ \/ Cu \u2192 E0 = +0,34 V \u015feklindedir. ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilenlerden hangisi yan- \t Buna g\u00f6re, l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t Zn(k) + Cu2+ 1 Zn2+ + Cu(k) \t A)\t Galvanik h\u00fccre istemli, elektrolitik h\u00fcc- 2 re istemsizdir. \t tepkimesi ile ilgili olarak, \t B)\t \u0130kisinde de y\u00fckseltgenme anotta ger- \t I.\t 1. y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tepkime galvanik, 2. y\u00f6- \u00e7ekle\u015fir. n\u00fcndeki elektrolitik h\u00fccredir. \t C)\t Galvanik h\u00fccrede anot art\u0131, elektrolitik h\u00fccrede ise katot art\u0131 kutuptur. \t II.\t 2. y\u00f6n\u00fcdeki tepkimede katot Zn elekt- rottur. \t D)\t Galvanik h\u00fccrede elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc katottan anota, elektrolitik h\u00fccrede \t III.\t Zamanla 1 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki potansiyel azal\u0131r. anottan katota do\u011frudur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t E)\t Cu \u2212 Ag galvanik h\u00fccresinde katot Ag elektrot ise, Cu \u2212 Ag elektrolitik h\u00fccre- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III sinde anot Ag elektrottur. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 7 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 6.A 7.E 8.E 9.D 10.C K\u0130MYA VE ELEKTR\u0130K 222","\u00dcN\u0130TE 8 KARBON K\u0130MYASINA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: anorganik bile\u015fik, basit form\u00fcl, elmas, grafit, hibritle\u015fme, molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc, molek\u00fcl geometrisi, organik bile\u015fik, yap\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fc, \u03c0 (pi) ba\u011f\u0131, \u03c3 (sigma) ba\u011f\u0131 \u25ba\t ANORGANIK VE ORGANIK BILE\u015eIKLER \t Anorganik ve organik bile\u015fikleri ay\u0131rt eder. \t a. \t Organik bile\u015fik kavram\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel geli\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. \t b. \t Anorganik ve organik bile\u015fiklerin \u00f6zellikleri vurgulan\u0131r. \u25ba\t BASIT FORM\u00dcL VE MOLEK\u00dcL FORM\u00dcL\u00dc \t Organik bile\u015fiklerin basit ve molek\u00fcl form\u00fcllerinin bulunmas\u0131 ile ilgili hesaplamalar yapar. \u25ba\t DO\u011eADA KARBON \t Karbon allotroplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini yap\u0131lar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirir. \t a. \t Karbon elementinin \u00e7ok say\u0131da bile\u015fik olu\u015fturma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile ba\u011f yapma \u00f6zelli\u011fi aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurulur. \t b. \t Elmas ve grafitin incelenmesi sa\u011flanarak fulleren, nanot\u00fcp ve grafenin yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6nemleri \u00fczerinde durulur. \u25ba\t LEWIS FORM\u00dcLLERI \t Kovalent ba\u011fl\u0131 kimyasal t\u00fcrlerin Lewis form\u00fcllerini yazar. \t Oktetin a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 molek\u00fcller kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u25ba\t HIBRITLE\u015eME-MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETRILERI \t Tek, \u00e7ift ve \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu hibrit ve atom orbitalleri temelinde a\u00e7\u0131klar. \t Molek\u00fcllerin geometrilerini merkez atomu orbitallerinin hibritle\u015fmesi esas\u0131na g\u00f6re belirler. \t a. \t Hibritle\u015fme ve VSEPR (De\u011ferlik Katman\u0131 Elektron \u00c7ifti \u0130tmesi) yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. 2. periyot element- lerinin hidrojenle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fikler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler verilmez. \t b. \t \u00d6\u011frencilerin hibritle\u015fme ve VSEPR yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bili\u015fim teknolojilerinden yararlanarak (animasyon, sim\u00fclasyon, video vb.) molek\u00fcl modelleri yapmalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.","ANORGAN\u0130K VE ORGAN\u0130K B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130KLER Test \/ 1 1.\t I.\t NaHCO3 4.\t \u2022\t Karbon ANORGAN\u0130K VE ORGAN\u0130K B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130KLER \t II.\t CH3CI \t \u2022\t Hidrojen \t III.\t CH3CN \t \u2022\t Oksijen Organik kelimesi ilk olarak 1807 \t Yukar\u0131daki bile\u015fiklerden hangileri orga- \t \u2022\t K\u00fck\u00fcrt y\u0131l\u0131nda J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius tara- f\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. nik bile\u015fik de\u011fildir? \t \u2022\t Azot 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda geli\u015fen \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve III \t Yukar\u0131daki elementlerden ka\u00e7 tanesi vitalizm inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re, organik maddeler sadece canl\u0131 v\u00fccudunda hem organik hem de anorganik bile\u015fik- sentezlenebilir. lerin yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunabilir? \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Organik bir maddeyi ilk kez la- boratuvar ortam\u0131nda sentezleye- \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 rek bu inanc\u0131 sarsan bilim insan\u0131 Friedrich W\u00f6hlerdir. 1828 y\u0131l\u0131nda W\u00f6hler inorganik bir bile\u015fik olan amonyum siyanat\u0131n sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini \u0131s\u0131t\u0131p buharla\u015ft\u0131ra- rak organik bir bile\u015fik olan \u00fcreyi sentezlemi\u015ftir. 5.\t O CuO ve organik madde NH4OCN \u0131s\u0131 NH2 \u2014 C \u2014 NH2 2.\t X \u2192 C6H5COONa (Amonyum (\u00dcre) \t Y \u2192 NaHCO3 siyanat) \t bile\u015fikleri i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden han- Kire\u00e7 suyu Organik Bile\u015fikler gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Organik kimya, karbon elementi \t A)\t X organik, Y anorganik bile\u015fiktir. \t B)\t X ve Y, oda ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kat\u0131 halde bu- Is\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 temelinde olu\u015fan bile\u015fikleri ince- leyen kimyan\u0131n anabilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. lunur. \t C)\t Her ikisi de iyonik ve kovalent ba\u011flar \t Deney t\u00fcp\u00fcndeki organik madde CuO ka- Bu bile\u015fiklerin i\u00e7erisinde genellikle hidrojen (H) ve baz\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131nda i\u00e7erir. r\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131larak organik bile\u015fi\u011fin yanma oksijen (O), azot (N), k\u00fck\u00fcrt (S), \t D)\t Sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri iletkendir. \t E)\t Her iki bile\u015fikte de karbon, sadece po- tepkimesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Bir s\u00fcre sonra klor (CI) gibi elementler de bulu- t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyinde su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fur- nabilir. lar kovalent ba\u011f yapar. ken kire\u00e7 suyu da bulan\u0131yor. \u2022\t CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , C3H6 , C6H6 \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu deneyden organik mad- \u2022\t C2H5OH, CH4N2O, C2H6S dedeki; \t I.\t Karbon \t II.\t Hidrojen \t III.\t Oksijen Anorganik Bile\u015fikler \t elementlerinden hangilerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 an- Genellikle i\u00e7erisinde karbon (C) la\u015f\u0131labilir? elementi i\u00e7ermeyen daha do\u011frusu organik olmayan bile\u015fiklerin ta- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve III mam\u0131 anorganik olarak adland\u0131- r\u0131l\u0131r. Karbon (C) elementini i\u00e7erip 3.\t I.\t NH4OCN \u2192 NH2 \u2015 C \u2015 NH2 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 organik olmayan istisna bile\u015fikler de vard\u0131r. O \t II.\t 6CO2 + 6H2O \u2192 C6H12O6 + 6O2 \u2022\t NaCI, H2O, H2SO4, AI2(SO4)3 \t III.\t CaC2 + 2H2O \u2192 Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 \t Yukar\u0131daki tepkimelerden hangileri \u2022\t Na2CO3 , NaHCO3 , HCN, CO, CO2\u2006, CS2 anorganik bir maddeden organik madde sentezine \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir? \u2022\t H2CO3\u2006, AI4C3 gibi 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen bile\u015fiklerden hangisi organiktir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) CO2\u2001 B) NaHCO3\u2001 C) C2F4 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) NaCN\u2001 E) H2CO3\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1.A 2.E 3.E 4.E 5.D 6.C 225 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","ANORGAN\u0130K VE ORGAN\u0130K B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130KLER Test \/ 1 Organik ve Anorgonik Bile\u015fiklerin 7.\t X bile\u015fi\u011fi i\u00e7in, 10.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Genel \u00d6zellikleri \t I.\t Yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CO2 ve H2O i\u00e7eren \u00fcr\u00fcnle- \t A)\t Organik maddede karbon ve hidrojen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki atomlara heteroatom denir. Organik Anorgonik re d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bile\u015fikler Bile\u015fikler \t B)\t Organik bile\u015fiklerde karbon, hidrojen \t II.\t Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. ve azot varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nitel analizle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r- ken oksijen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nicel analizle anla- Karbon Karbon \t III.\t Kovalent ba\u011flar i\u00e7eriyor. \u015f\u0131l\u0131r. elementini elementi \t IV.\t Erime noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \t C)\t Organik bile\u015fikler sadece canl\u0131 orga- nizmada \u00fcretilir. mutlaka genellikle \t yukar\u0131daki bilgilerden en az hangileri i\u00e7erirler. bulunmaz. bilinirse, X\u2019in organik bile\u015fik oldu\u011fu \t D)\t Organik maddeler genelde kokuludur. Ana kayna\u011f\u0131 Ana kayna\u011f\u0131, \t anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r? B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve III \t E)\t Organik reaksiyonlar genelde karma- canl\u0131 ve canl\u0131 mineraller A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 \u015f\u0131k, yava\u015f ve verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tepkimeler- kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. dir. asitler, bazlar vs. dir. Yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar. Genellikle \t\u2001 D) I, II ve III\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 yan\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil- lerdir. Erime ve Erime ve kaynama kaynama noktalar\u0131 noktalar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. y\u00fcksektir. Kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc Genellikle 11.\t(NH2)2CO bile\u015fi\u011finin NaOH ve CaO kar\u0131- kokular\u0131 kendilerine vard\u0131r. \u00f6zg\u00fc kokular\u0131 \u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fleminde, yoktur. \t I.\t Kimyasal bir olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Tepkimeleri Tepkimeleri 8.\tH2CO3 bile\u015fi\u011fi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler- \t II.\t Olu\u015fan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yoluna \u0131slak k\u0131r- yava\u015f h\u0131zl\u0131 m\u0131z\u0131 turnusol ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 konursa renk de- den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u011fi\u015fir. ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \t A)\t Anorganik k\u00f6kenli karbon bile\u015fi\u011fidir. \t III.\t \u0130norganik bir maddeden organik bir Genellikle Genellikle \t B)\t Kovalent karekterlidir. madde elde edilmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r. kovalent iyonik \t C)\t 25\u00b0C\u2019de sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH < 7\u2019dir. ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \t D)\t CO2\u2019in suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile elde edilen \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Tepkimeleri Tepkimeleri dengede olu\u015fabilir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III s\u00fcresince s\u00fcresince \t E)\t Organik bile\u015fiklerin yanmas\u0131 sonucu \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. olu\u015fur. Genellikle Genellikle suda suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmezler, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok Say\u0131lar\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r. azd\u0131r. Do\u011fal ya Do\u011fal ya 12.\t X \u2192 Organik da yapay da yapay y\u00f6ntemlerle y\u00f6ntemlerle \t Y \u2192 Anorganik bile\u015fiktir. sentezlenebi- sentezlenebi- \t I.\t Karbon atomu i\u00e7erme \t II.\t Canl\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bulunma lirler. lirler. \t III.\t Kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erme \t IV.\t Sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn fazla olmas\u0131 9.\t \u2012 CN taneci\u011fi, \t \u00f6zelliklerinden hangileri X ve Y\u2019nin her \t I.\t H ikisi i\u00e7in do\u011fru olabilir? \t II.\t Na \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I, II ve III \t III.\t CH3 \t\u2001 D) I, III ve IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 \t IV.\t C2H5 \t taneciklerinden hangilerine ba\u011flan\u0131rsa 7.B 8.E 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.E organik bir bile\u015fik elde edilir? \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) II ve IV \t\u2001 D) III ve IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 226","BAS\u0130T FORM\u00dcL - MOLEK\u00dcL FORM\u00dcL\u00dc - 1 Test \/ 2 1.\t Bile\u015fik \t Form\u00fcl\u00fc 4.\tXaYb bile\u015fi\u011finin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc XcYd \u015feklin- Organik Bile\u015fiklerin Basit Ve Molek\u00fcl Form\u00fcl\u00fc \t Glikoz\t C6H12O6 dedir. \t Bu bile\u015fik ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- Organik bir bile\u015fikteki elementle- \t Asetik asit\t CH3COOH rin cinsini ve birle\u015fme oran\u0131n\u0131 ve- gisinin do\u011frulu\u011fu kesindir? ren form\u00fcle basit (kaba) form\u00fcl \t Etil alkol\t C2H5OH \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol) denir. Ampirik form\u00fcl \u015feklinde de adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Organik bir bile\u015fikteki \t Heksan\t C6H14 \t A)\t a \u2012 c = b \u2012 d\u2019dir. elementlerin cinsi ve birle\u015fme ora- \t B)\t a = b ise k\u00fctlece %50 X i\u00e7erir. n\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek atom say\u0131- \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl- lar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6steren form\u00fcle molek\u00fcl ab (ger\u00e7ek) form\u00fcl denir. leri verilmi\u015ftir. \t C)\t c = d \u2019dir. \t D)\t a = d ise b = c\u2019dir. Basit ve molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fcnden bi- \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yan- \t E)\t a + b = c + d\u2019dir. le\u015fi\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki elementlerin l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (C:12 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol, H:1 g\/mol) t\u00fcr\u00fc, molce birle\u015fme oran\u0131, atom say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131 belirlenir. Ele- \t A)\t Heksan iki t\u00fcr atom i\u00e7erir. 5.\t Laboratuvarda bir grup \u00f6\u011frenci X ve Y ele- ment k\u00fctlelerinin bilinmesi ha- linde bile\u015fi\u011fi olu\u015fturan element \t B)\t Glikoz ile asetik asidin basit form\u00fclleri mentlerinden olu\u015fan iki bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00fctlece % k\u00fctleleri oran\u0131 ve k\u00fctlece y\u00fczdeleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. hesaplanabilir. bile\u015fimini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi belirliyor. \t C)\t Etil alkol\u00fcn basit form\u00fcl\u00fc ile molek\u00fcl Yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131lanlara ek olarak form\u00fcl\u00fc ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \t K\u00fctlece % K\u00fctlece % molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fcnden atom say\u0131- lar\u0131 ve elementlerin molek\u00fcl k\u00fct- \t D)\t Heksan\u0131n basit form\u00fcl\u00fc C3H7\u2019dir. %90 leleri bilinmesi halinde bile\u015fi\u011fin \t E)\t Glikozun k\u00fctlece oksijen y\u00fczdesi, ase- molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesi hesaplanabilir. tik asidin k\u00fctlece oksijen y\u00fczdesinden Basit Form\u00fcl Hesaplamalar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r. Bile\u015fik i\u00e7erisindeki elementlerin %80 k\u00fctleleri, mol k\u00fctlelerine oranlana- rak sadele\u015ftirme yap\u0131l\u0131r. En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck 2.\t CnH2n+2O genel form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bile\u015fik %20 tam say\u0131larla ifade edilen form\u00fcl hesaplan\u0131r. k\u00fctlece %60 oran\u0131nda karbon i\u00e7ermektedir. %10 \t Bu bile\u015fik ile ilgili; \t I.\t n = 3\u2019t\u00fcr. XY XY \t II.\t K\u00fctlece %10 oran\u0131nda oksijen i\u00e7erir. \t 1. bile\u015fik 2. bile\u015fik \t III.\t Organik yap\u0131l\u0131 bile\u015fiktir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t \t 1. bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc X3Y4 oldu\u011fu- na g\u00f6re 2. bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- (C:12 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol, H: 1 g\/mol) dakilerden hangisidir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) XY4\u2001 B) X2Y3\u2001 C) X2Y Soru: \t\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 D) XY3\u2001 E) XY2\u2001 6 gram C ve 2 gram H element- lerinden olu\u015fan bile\u015fi\u011fin basit for- m\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bulunuz. (C:12, H:1) 3.\t Molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc\t Basit form\u00fcl\u00fc 6.\t C3H6 ve C3H8 gazlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan 1 moll\u00fck \t CxH8\t CH2 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mda bile\u015fenlerin mol say\u0131lar\u0131 bulun- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t N2Oy\t NO2 mak isteniyor. Bunun i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m tama- nC = 6 = 0,5 mol men yak\u0131larak CO2 ve H2O\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fc- 12 \t CzH7COOH\t C2H4O l\u00fcyor. nH = 2 = 2 mol \t Buna g\u00f6re, 1 \t Baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin molek\u00fcl form\u00fclleri ve basit form\u00fclleri yukar\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t I.\t olu\u015fan CO2\u2019in ko\u015fullardaki hacmi, C0,5H2 (En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tam say\u0131ya \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in 2 ile ge- CH4 ni\u015fletilir.) \t Buna g\u00f6re x, y ve z de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- \t II.\t olu\u015fan H2O k\u00fctlesi, lerden hangisinde do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t III.\t harcanan O2\u2006\u2019nin mol say\u0131s\u0131 \t\tx \t y\t z \t niceliklerinden hangilerin tek ba\u015f\u0131na \t A)\t 4\t 4\t 4 \t B)\t 2\t 6\t 4 bilinmesi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdaki bile\u015fenlerin mol \t C)\t 2\t 4\t 3 \t D)\t 4\t 4\t 3 say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in yeterlidir? \t E)\t 2\t 4\t 2 \t (H:1 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol) \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1.E 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 227 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","BAS\u0130T FORM\u00dcL - MOLEK\u00dcL FORM\u00dcL\u00dc - 1 Test \/ 2 Basit - Molek\u00fcl Form\u00fcl\u00fc 7.\t X bile\u015fi\u011finin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda madde- 10.\t I. CH4 II. C6H6 III. C3H4 Hesaplamalar\u0131 lerin mol say\u0131lar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \t IV. C2H6 V. C2H4 Basit form\u00fcl\u00fcn i\u00e7eri\u011finde bulunan grafikteki gibidir. H2O \t bile\u015fikleri i\u00e7erdikleri karbon y\u00fczdelerine elementlerin ba\u011f\u0131l atom k\u00fctleleri Mol say\u0131s\u0131 CO2 g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru s\u0131ralanmak toplam\u0131 hesaplan\u0131r. Bu de\u011fer bi- X isteniyor. le\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesi de\u011fildir. n 0,8 say\u0131 de\u011feri ile \u00e7arp\u0131lan bu de\u011fer, 0,6 \t II I V IV III molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesine e\u015fitlenir ve ger- 0,4 \u00e7ek form\u00fcl bulunur. Soru: 0,2 \t Do\u011fru s\u0131ralaman\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hangi O2 iki bile\u015fik yer de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir?\t Basit form\u00fcl\u00fc CH2 olan organik \t Zaman (C:12 g\/mol, H:1 g\/mol) bir bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesi 70 g\/ \t mol oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re molek\u00fcl for- \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t A) II ve V\u2001 B) I ve III\u2001 C) IV ve V m\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bulunuz. (C:12, H:1) I.\t Tepkime %100 verimle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t II.\t X in form\u00fcl\u00fc C3H8O2 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) III ve IV\u2001 \t III.\t Bir miktar X eklenirse daha \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn n\u2006. (Basit form\u00fcl = Molek\u00fcl elde edilebilir. molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesi 11.\t 12,0 gram X organik bile\u015fi\u011finin yeteri ka- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? k\u00fctlesi) dar O2 ile yak\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu NK\u2019da 8,96 L CO2 gaz\u0131 ve 7,2 gram H2O elde ediliyor. n.(CH2) = 70 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II n.(12 + 2.1) = 70 \t I.\t X in basit form\u00fcl\u00fc nedir? n.14 = 70 n = 5 C5H10 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t II.\t 1 mol\u00fc 90 gram oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek form\u00fcl\u00fc nedir? Soru: \t Sorular\u0131n\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 hangi se\u00e7enekte Organik bir bile\u015fik 17,6 gram ok- do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? sijen gaz\u0131 ile yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda normal 8.\t Karbon(C) ve hidrojen aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7 \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol) \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda 8,96 litre hacim kaplayan CO2 gaz\u0131 ve 9 gram H2O bile\u015fi\u011fin form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. elde ediliyor. \t 1. bile\u015fik : C2H4 \t\t I \t II \t A)\t CH2O\t C3H6O3 Buna g\u00f6re, \t 2. bile\u015fik : C3H6 \t B)\t CH2O\t C2H4O2 3. bile\u015fik : C4H6 \t C)\t CH3O\t C2H6O2 a)\tBile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bu- \t \t D)\t CHO2\t CH2O4 lunuz. \t E)\t C2H2O\t C4H4O b)\tBile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesi 90 \t Bu \u00fc\u00e7 bile\u015fik ile ilgili; gram ise ger\u00e7ek form\u00fcl\u00fc ne- \t I.\t 1. bile\u015fik ile 2. bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fclleri dir? (C:12, H:1, O:16) ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t II.\t K\u00fctlece H y\u00fczdesi en fazla olan 3. bile- \u015fiktir. n= m = 9 = 0,5 mol H2O MA 18 \t III.\t 1 er mollerinin tamamen yanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken O2 miktarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 3 > 2 > 1 12.\t OH O n = m = 17,6 = 0,55 mol O2 ili\u015fkisi bulunur. MA 32 CH3 \u2015 CH2 \u2015 CH \u2015 C \u2015 OH \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t \t Ba\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131 yukar\u0131daki gibi verilen mole- n= 8,96 = 0,4 mol (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol) 22,4 k\u00fcl ile ilgili; CO2 ve H2O\u2019da, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t I.\t Molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H8O3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t II.\t Yeteri kadar O2\u2019li ortamda yak\u0131lmas\u0131 0,8 + 0,5 = 1,3 mol oksijen var. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Demek ki bile\u015fikte, sonucu e\u015fit mol say\u0131da CO2 ve H2O 1,3 \u2212 1,1 = 0,2 mol oksijen var. 9.\t CnH2n genel form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bir bile\u015fi\u011fin olu\u015fur. C H O basit form\u00fcl C2H5O olur 0,4 1 0,2 NK daki yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2,5 g\/L dir. \t III.\t \u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi oksijen k\u00fctlesi, karbon k\u00fctlesi- Molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl=n.basitform\u00fcl ne e\u015fittir. n. C2H5O=90 n.45=90 n=2 \t Buna g\u00f6re, bile\u015fi\u011fin form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki n sa- Buna g\u00f6re molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc y\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol) \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? 2. C2H5O = C4H10O2 olur. \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol)) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t A) 2\u2001 B) 3\u2001 C) 4\u2001 D) 5\u2001 E) 6 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 228 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.E","BAS\u0130T FORMOL - MOLEK\u00dcL FORM\u00dcL\u00dc - 2 Test \/ 3 1.\t Organik bile\u015fiklerde karbon say\u0131s\u0131 X iken, 4.\t Basit form\u00fcl\u00fc bilinen bir hidrokarbo- Soru: hidrojen say\u0131s\u0131 en fazla 2X + 2 olabilir. Bir nun, organik bile\u015fi\u011fin 4,8 gram karbon, 1 gram hidrojen ve 1,6 gram oksijen i\u00e7erdi\u011fi belir- \t I.\t Yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki elementlerin molce birle\u015f- K\u00fctle (g) leniyor. me oran\u0131 156 \t Buna g\u00f6re, bile\u015fik i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131- lardan hangisi kesin yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t II.\t 1 gramdaki atom say\u0131s\u0131 \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol) \t III.\t 1 gram\u0131ndaki molek\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131 88 CO2 O2 \t A)\t Organik bile\u015fik hidrokarbon de\u011fildir. \t IV.\t Bile\u015fikteki karbonun k\u00fctlece % si 60 H2O \t B)\t Mol k\u00fctlesi 148 gram\/mol olabilir. \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri bulunur? 36 X Zaman \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol ) 28 \t C)\t Molek\u00fclde polar ve apolar kovalent ba\u011flar vard\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve IV Organik bir bile\u015fi\u011fin 0,25 mol\u00fc yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CO2 ve H2O bile\u015fikleri \t D)\t Molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H10O olabilir. \t\u2001 D) I, II ve IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \t E)\t Polar bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr. Tepkimeye ait k\u00fctle - zaman gra- fi\u011fi verildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, X ile ifade edilen organik bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bulunuz. \t\t (C:12, H:1, O:16) 2.\t Bir organik bile\u015fi\u011fe ait form\u00fcller, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Basit form\u00fcl \u2192 Molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl \u2192 Yap\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fc n = m MA \tX Y Z \t \u015feklinde belirtilmektedir. 5.\t CxHy bile\u015fi\u011finin k\u00fctlece %90\u2019\u0131 karbondur. 0,25 = 28 MA \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t Buna g\u00f6re bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \t I.\t 40 MA = 112 g\/mol X \t I.\t Form\u00fcldeki karbonun k\u00fctlece % ili\u015fkisi X = Y = Z\u2019dir. \t II.\t 60 X + O2 \u2192 CO2 + H2O \t II.\t Form\u00fcldeki toplam atom say\u0131s\u0131 Y = Z > X \t III.\t 80 1 mol 28g 96g 88g 36g (4 olabilir. katl\u0131k \t de\u011ferlerinden hangileri olabilir? madde \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol) art\u0131\u015f \t III.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fe ait ula\u015f\u0131labilen bilgi say\u0131s\u0131 olursa 112 g 384 g 352 g 144 g var.) 1 mol \u200a1\u200a2 mol \u200a\u200a8\u200a\u200a mol 8 mol \t\t Z > Y > X \u015feklindedir. n = m MA \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009I\u2001 B)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009II\u2001 C)\u2009\u2009Yaln\u0131z\u2009\u2009III \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 X + 12O2 \u2192 8CO2 + 8H2O \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 C) I ve III Tepkimenin denkle\u015fmi\u015f haline ba- k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda X \u2192 C8H16 olur. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 3.\t Bir organik bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131r- l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (X) ile molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Y) Y aras\u0131ndaki oran d X n \t I.\t 2 \t II.\t 3 6.\t 9,2 gram\u0131 yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 0,4 mol CO2 ve 0,6 2 mol H2O olu\u015fturan bir organik bile\u015fi\u011fin \t III.\t 3 basit form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi- dir? (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol, O:16 g\/mol) \t hangileri olabilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) CH3O\u2001 B) CH2\u2001 C) C2H3O \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) C2H6O\u2001 E) C3H8O\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1.B 2.E 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.D 229 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","BAS\u0130T FORMOL - MOLEK\u00dcL FORM\u00dcL\u00dc - 2 Test \/ 3 7.\t Bir organik bile\u015fikte karbon say\u0131s\u0131 x iken 10.\t Bir organik bile\u015fi\u011fin 24 gram\u0131 yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Soru: hidrojen say\u0131s\u0131 max 2x + 2 olabilir. 1,2 mol CO2 1,6 mol H2O olu\u015fuyor. \t Buna g\u00f6re, Normal ko\u015fullarda gaz halde olan \t Buna g\u00f6re bir organik bile\u015fik i\u00e7in, bir bile\u015fi\u011fi olu\u015fturan elementlerin, \t \t I.\t Organik bile\u015fik bir hidrokarbondur. bile\u015fikteki k\u00fctlece y\u00fczde oranlar\u0131 \t \u2022\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00fctlece %\u200a50\u2019si oksijendir. ve atom k\u00fctleleri biliniyor. \u2022\t Bile\u015fikteki karbon k\u00fctlesinin hidrojen \t II.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00fctlece %60 karbondur. \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl k\u00fctlesine oran\u0131 3\/1\u2019dir. \t III.\t Basit form\u00fcl\u00fc molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fcne e\u015fit form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn hesaplanabilmesi i\u00e7in olabilir. bile\u015fik ile ilgili; bilgileri veriliyor. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t I.\tBasit form\u00fcl\u00fc \t Buna g\u00f6re, (C:12, H:1, O:16) II.\tN\u015eA\u2019daki \u00f6z k\u00fctlesi \t I.\t Bile\u015fikte karbon ve oksijen say\u0131lar\u0131 III.\t1 mol bile\u015fikteki toplam atom \t e\u015fittir. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III say\u0131s\u0131 \t II.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin bir mol\u00fcnde 12 mol atom bu- \t \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 IV.\t 0,1 mol bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00fctlesi lunabilir. III.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc CH4O \u015feklinde- V.\t Bile\u015fik organik ise, 1 mol\u00fc yan- d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan CO2 mol say\u0131s\u0131 dir. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? verilenlerden hangilerinin tek ba- \u015f\u0131na bilinmesi yeterlidir? \t (C:12, H:1, O:16) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 11.\t Normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda gaz halindeki bir Daha iyi kavrayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek hidrokarbonun yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2,5 g\/L\u2019dir. \u00fczerinden ifade edelim. Bile\u015fik C \t Bu bile\u015fik i\u00e7in, ve H elementlerinden olu\u015ftu\u011fu \t I.\t Basit form\u00fcl\u00fc 3 atomludur. varsay\u0131l\u0131r ve k\u00fctlece % oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \t II.\t Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 56 g\/mol\u2019d\u00fcr. %20 H, %80 C oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, \t III.\t Normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,25 g\/L olan hidrokarbonla basit form\u00fclleri ay- karbon i\u00e7in MA = 12 g\/mol, hidro- n\u0131d\u0131r. jen i\u00e7in MA = 1 g\/mol oldu\u011fu bilin- 8.\t Bir organik bile\u015fik yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda harcanan di\u011fine g\u00f6re, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olabilir?\t O2 ile olu\u015fan CO2 ve H2O nun mol say\u0131lar\u0131 (C:12, H:1) 80 20 e\u015fittir. nC = 12 , nH = 1 , C80\/12\u2006, H20\/1 \t Buna g\u00f6re, bu bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc \u00b4 CH3 ka\u00e7 atomludur? Yani verilenlerden basit form\u00fcl \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III bulunabiliyor. \t A) 4\u2001 B) 5\u2001 C) 6\u2001 D) 7\u2001 E) 8 II.\tN\u015eA\u2019daki \u00f6zk\u00fctlesinden MA \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 bulunur, basit form\u00fcl kullan\u0131l\u0131r molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc hesaplan\u0131r. III.\tBasit form\u00fclden molce birle\u015fme oran\u0131 bilindi\u011fine g\u00f6re, toplam mol atom say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden mo- lek\u00fcl form\u00fcl\u00fc hesaplan\u0131r. IV.\t 0,1 mol bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00fctlesinden, 9.\t CnH2n+2O genel form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bir bile- mol k\u00fctlesi bulunur. Buradan \u015fi\u011fin yeterince O2 ile yanmas\u0131 sonucu olu- da molek\u00fcl form\u00fcl hesaplan\u0131r. \u015fan CO2 ve H2O\u2019nun mol say\u0131s\u0131 biliniyor. 12.\t CxHy bile\u015fi\u011finin %\u200a90\u2019\u0131 karbondur. V.\t Karbonun mol say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t Bile\u015fi\u011fin 1 mol\u00fcnde toplam 14 mol hesaplan\u0131r. atom oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, Cevap: II, III, IV ve V \t I.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc ile molek\u00fcl for- m\u00fcl\u00fc ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \t I.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin yap\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fc C6H8\u2019dir. \t II.\t Bile\u015fi\u011fin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc C3H4\u2019t\u00fcr. \t II.\t Yanma sonucu harcanan O2\u2019nin mol \t III.\t Bile\u015fik normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda gaz halin- say\u0131s\u0131 bilinir. de ise yo\u011funlu\u011fu 2,5 g\/L\u2019dir. \t III.\t Harcanan bile\u015fi\u011fin mol say\u0131s\u0131 bulunur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesin do\u011frudur? \t (C:12, H:1) (C:12, H:1) \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) II ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 230 7.D 8.A 9.E 10.D 11.E 12.D","DO\u011cADA KARBON - 1 Test \/ 4 1.\t 4.\t Karbonun do\u011fal allotroplar\u0131ndan grafit y\u00fc- DO\u011eADA KARBON zeye s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde y\u00fczeyde iz b\u0131rakma Karbon Elementinin \u00d6zellikleri \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. Bu y\u00fczden ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 \u2022\tPeriyodik sistemde 2. periyot 4A olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. grubunda bulunur. \t Bunun sebebi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? \u2022\tAtom numaras\u0131 6\u2019d\u0131r. \u2022\tDe\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 4 oldu\u011fu \t A)\t Baz\u0131 karbon atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ift ba- i\u00e7in organik bile\u015fiklerde 4 tane kovalent ba\u011f yapar. \u011f\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 \t B)\t Taneci\u011fin sadece karbon atomlar\u0131n- \u2022\tKarbon atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tekli, dan olu\u015fmas\u0131 ikili veya \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011f olabilir. \t Yukar\u0131da atomlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flanma \u015fekli verilen karbonun allotropu i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131- \u2022\tBa\u011f olu\u015fumunda elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n daki bilgilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t C)\t Yap\u0131da baz\u0131 elektronlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ha- uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 sayesinde, hibritle\u015f- \t A)\t \u0130yi bir \u0131s\u0131 iletkenidir. reketli (delokolize) olmas\u0131 me ile beraber \u00f6zde\u015f d\u00f6rt orbital \t B)\t Bilinen en sert do\u011fal maddedir. \t C)\t Molek\u00fcler yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t D)\t Kristal yap\u0131da zay\u0131f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkile\u015fim- ba\u011f yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir. \t D)\t Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. \t E)\t Fullueren eldesinde kullan\u0131lmaz. lerin olmas\u0131 \u2022\tKarbon ve ba\u015fka element aras\u0131 \t E)\t Karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131genler olu\u015ftur- ba\u011flara; mas\u0131 \u2014C\u2014, C , C ,\u2014C \t \t \u00f6rnekleri verilebilir. \u2022\tKarbon atomlar\u0131 d\u00fcz, dallanm\u0131\u015f, halkal\u0131 yap\u0131lar olu\u015fturabilir. \t CH3 \u2014 CH2 \u2014 CH2 \u2014 CH3 \t (d\u00fcz) 2.\t II 5.\t Karbon nanot\u00fcpler i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgi- CH3 \u2014 CH \u2014 CH3 Grafen lerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t CH3 I Karbon III \t A)\t Y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahiptirler. (dallanm\u0131\u015f) Elmas Allotroplar\u0131 Grafit \t B)\t A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 esnektirler. CH2 \u2014 CH2 V IV \t C)\t S\u00fcper iletken olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \t CH2 \u2014 CH2 Fulleren Nanot\u00fcp \t D)\t Kimyasal etkinli\u011fi fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in v\u00fc- (halkal\u0131) \t Yukar\u0131daki kavram haritas\u0131nda karbonun cuda iyon, s\u0131v\u0131 ya da ilac\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n- \u2022\tKarbon atomlar\u0131 uzun zincirler allotroplar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. olu\u015fturabildi\u011fi ve d\u00f6rt ba\u011f yapa- \t Allotroplardan hangileri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa geri- de sadece yapay allotroplar kal\u0131r? \t E)\t T\u0131ptan tar\u0131ma kadar geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m bildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00e7e\u015fitli ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da alan\u0131na sahiptir. molek\u00fcller olu\u015fturur. Bu y\u00fczden organik bile\u015fiklerin say\u0131s\u0131 anor- ganik bile\u015fiklerin say\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \t A) II, IV ve V\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III daha fazlad\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) I, II ve III\u2001 E) I, III ve IV\u2001 \u2022\tKarbonun uzun zincirler olu\u015ftura- bilmesi, zincirlerin sadece d\u00fcz ya- p\u0131da de\u011fil de, dallanm\u0131\u015f ve halkal\u0131 yap\u0131da olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. 3.\t Karbon nanot\u00fcpler ile ilgili, 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi karbon \t I.\t Fulleren t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. bile\u015fiklerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla olma \t II.\t Grafenden elde edilir. \t III.\t \u00c7eli\u011fe g\u00f6re daha hafif ve sa\u011flamd\u0131r. sebeplerinden de\u011fildir? \t IV.\t Tar\u0131mdan t\u0131pa kadar geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m \t A)\t Ba\u011f enerjisinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. \t B)\t Ba\u011f yapabilecek de\u011ferlik elektron sa- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \t A) I ve II\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) I, III ve IV \t C)\t Kendi veya ba\u015fka atomlarla tekli, ikili \t\u2001 D) II, III ve IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 ve \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011f yapabilmesi \t D)\t Dallanm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcz zincir, halkal\u0131 yap\u0131da 1.C 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.D 6.E bile\u015fik olu\u015fturabilmesi \t E)\t Do\u011fal ve yapay allotroplara sahip ol- mas\u0131 231","DO\u011cADA KARBON - 1 Test \/ 4 Karbonun Allotroplar\u0131 7.\t I.\t Fulleren 10.\t Elmas i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi \u2022\tAyn\u0131 elemente ait olan atomla- \t II.\t Nanot\u00fcp yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? r\u0131n uzayda farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde dizil- \t III.\t Grafen mesiyle olu\u015fan farkl\u0131 geometrik \t IV.\t Grafit \t A)\t Karbonun do\u011fal allotropudur. modeldeki yap\u0131lar\u0131na allotrop \t Yukar\u0131daki maddelerden hangileri sa- \t B)\t Is\u0131 ve elektrik iletkenli\u011fi yoktur. denir. Fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinin ta- \t C)\t D\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rt y\u00fczl\u00fc geometrik yap\u0131ya mam\u0131, kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin dece alt\u0131gen halkalardan olu\u015fur? ise bir\u00e7o\u011fu farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ele- sahiptir. mente ait atom ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile- \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) III ve IV\u2001 C) II, III ve IV \t D)\t \u0130deal bir a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u015fik form\u00fclleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \t E)\t Her karbon tekli ba\u011flarla 4 ayr\u0131 karbo- \t\u2001 D) I, III ve IV\u2001 E) I, II, III ve IV\u2001 \u2022\tAllotroplar\u0131n dizilimlerindeki fark- na ba\u011flanarak olu\u015fur. l\u0131l\u0131k tepkimeye girme e\u011filimlerini etkiler. \u2022\tKarbon elementinin elmas, gra- fit, fullerenler ve grafen olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt allotropu bilinmekte- dir. Elmas 11.\t\t Karbon \u00d6zellik allotropu I Fulleren a Sadece alt\u0131gen halkalar i\u00e7erir. 8.\t \u2022\t Bile\u015fiklerinin tamam\u0131 organiktir. Is\u0131y\u0131 iletirken elektri\u011fi ilet- \t \u2022\t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi C \u015feklindedir. II Elmas b mezler. \t \u2022\t 2. periyot 4. grup elementidir. III Grafit c Molek\u00fcler yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rnek- leri vard\u0131r. \t \u2022\t Bile\u015fiklerinde daima 4 ba\u011f yapar. Karbonun do\u011fal allotropudur. A\u011f \t \u2022\t Do\u011fal ve yapay allotroplar\u0131 bulunur. \t Yukar\u0131da karbonun baz\u0131 allotroplar\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc yap\u0131ya sahiptir. \t Yukar\u0131daki bilgilerden ka\u00e7 tanesi kar- \u00f6zellikleri verilmi\u015ftir. bon i\u00e7in do\u011frudur? Do\u011fada bilinen en sert maddedir. \t \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u015fle\u015ftirmelerden Is\u0131y\u0131 en iyi ileten maddedir. K\u0131r\u0131l- A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 hangisi do\u011frudur? ma indisi ise y\u00fcksektir. Havada 850\u00b0C de yanar, erime s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 3547\u00b0C dir. Molek\u00fcl geometrisi d\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rt- \t A) I - c\u2001 B) I - b\u2001 C) I - b y\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Herbir karbon, di\u011fer d\u00f6rt II - b II - a II - c karbonla tekli ba\u011f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ser- III - a III - c III - a best hareket edebilecek elektronu bulunmaz ve olu\u015fan bu ba\u011flar da \t\u2001 D) I - c\u2001 E) I - a\u2001 \u00e7ok kuvvetlidir. Bu y\u00fczden elmas \t II - a II - b elektri\u011fi iletmez. S\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde III - b III - c \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. \u2022\tEnd\u00fcstride kesme ve delme alet- lerinde, \u2022\tParlatma ve ta\u015flama i\u015flemlerin- 9.\t Karbon bile\u015fikleri, de \t\u2022\t C \u2022\tOtomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, \t\u2022\t \u2015 C \u2015 \u2022\tS\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 olarak m\u00fccevher sek- t\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \t \u2022\t C 12.\t Fullerenler i\u00e7in, \t \u2022\t C \t I.\t Molek\u00fcler yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri vard\u0131r. \t \u2022\t \u2015 C \t II.\t Karbonun yapay allotroplar\u0131n\u0131n genel \t ba\u011f yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7 tanesine sahip ad\u0131d\u0131r. olabilir? \t III.\t Top, t\u00fcp ve silindir halinde bulunabilir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A)\u2009\u20091 B)\u2009\u20092 C)\u2009\u20093 D)\u2009\u20094 E)\u2009\u20095 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III 232 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.E","DO\u011cADA KARBON - 2 Test \/ 5 1.\t \u0130fade DY 4.\t Karbon atomunun do\u011fal ve yapay allotrop- Grafit Elmas ve grafit karbon ele- \u00fc lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler veriliyor. Karbon Atomlar\u0131 mentinin do\u011fal allotroplar\u0131d\u0131r. I \t Karbon Grafit allotropu Tabakalar Fullerenler yapay karbon al- \u00fc Bilgi Van der Walls II lotroplar\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u011flar Elmas ve grafit hi\u00e7 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- \u00fc I. Elmas Karbon atomlar\u0131 alt\u0131- Kovalent c\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. gen tabakalar halinde Ba\u011flar III bulunur. \t Karbon atomunun allotroplar\u0131 ile ilgili ifa- II. Fulleren Top, t\u00fcp, \u00e7ubuk ya da Karbonun do\u011fal allotropudur. Kar- deler do\u011fru (D) yanl\u0131\u015f (Y) olarak yap\u0131lan halka \u015feklinde buluna- bonlu maddeler i\u00e7eren tortular\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmelerden hangileri hatal\u0131d\u0131r? III. Grafen bilirler. ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m ge\u00e7irmesiyle olu\u015fur. IV. Grafit \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \u0130ki boyutlu kabul edilen Grafiti olu\u015fturan karbon atomla- karbon allotropudur. r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131 sigma (\ufffd) bir ba\u011f\u0131 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ise pi(\u03c0) ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Pi ba\u011flar\u0131nda Elektri\u011fi iletmez ancak bulunan elektronlar serbest halde \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 iletir. oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in grafit elektri\u011fi ve \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 iletir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, verilen bilgilerin tamamen do\u011fru olabilmesi i\u00e7in hangi iki allotro- A\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc yap\u0131ya sahip olan gra- pun yerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekir? fitin karbon atomlar\u0131 alt\u0131gen halkalar \u015feklinde dizilmi\u015ftir. Bu 2.\t Karbon nanot\u00fcpler ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- \t A) I ve II\u2001 B) III ve IV\u2001 C) I ve III halkalar tabakalar halindedir. Tabakalar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar za- lerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t\u2001 D) II ve IV\u2001 E) I ve IV\u2001 y\u0131ft\u0131r. \t A)\t Grafite uygulanan \u00f6zel i\u015flemler sonu- 5.\t 6C atomu ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- Grafitin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi yu- cunda elde edilirler. mu\u015fak ve ya\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Erime gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek (3527\u00b0C) ol- \t B)\t Silindirik \u015feklinde t\u00fcplerdir. du\u011fu i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. \t C)\t Olduk\u00e7a yumu\u015fak malzemelerdir. \t A)\t Periyodik tablonun 2. periyodunda bu- Korozyona ve oksidasyona kar\u015f\u0131 \t D)\t Hidrojen pillerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. lunan bir ametaldir. diren\u00e7lidir. T\u00fcm bu \u00f6zellikler gra- \t E)\t \u00c7aplar\u0131 nanometre boyutundad\u0131r. fitin kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f tutar. \t B)\t Temel elektron dizili\u015finde iki tane e\u015f- le\u015fmemi\u015f elektronu bulunur. \u2022\tKur\u015fun kalemlerde \u2022\tElektrik motorlar\u0131nda \u2022\tKuru pil \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 3.\t Karbon do\u011fada elmas ve grafit allotroplar\u0131 \t C)\t Kararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde d\u00f6rt ba\u011f yapar. Fulleren \t D)\t Do\u011fada elmas ve grafit allotroplar\u0131 ha- halinde bulunur. Elmas ve grafitte karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n dizili\u015fleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. El- linde bulunur. mas ve grafitte atomlar\u0131n d\u00fczenleni\u015fi a\u015fa- \u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \t E)\t T\u00fcm bile\u015fikleri kovalent ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 6.\t Organik bile\u015fiklerin temel elementi olan 6C periyodik tablonun 4A grubunda bulunur. Kararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde d\u00f6rt de\u011ferlik elektro- Karbonun yapay allotropudur. \u00d6zel nu ile d\u00f6rt kovalent ba\u011f yapar. Grafitin yap\u0131s\u0131 Elmas\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle grafitten elde edilir. \t (a) (b) \t Buna g\u00f6re karbon elementi bile\u015fiklerinde, Genellikle alt\u0131 karbon atomunun d\u00fczlemsel olarak birbirine ba\u011flan- \t I.\t \u2015 C \t Buna g\u00f6re, mas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. \u0130\u00e7i bo\u015f halka, k\u00fcre, \t I.\t a yap\u0131s\u0131 daha serttir. \t II.\t b yap\u0131s\u0131 elektri\u011fi iletir. \t II.\t C silindir, top, t\u00fcp, \u00e7ubuk \u015feklindedir. \t III.\t a yap\u0131s\u0131nda karbon atomu alt\u0131gen ta- Be\u015fgen, alt\u0131gen, yedigen halkalar bakalar halinde bulunur. \t III.\t \u2015 C \u2015 olarak da dizilebilen fullerenlerin \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutta olan\u0131 60 karbon atomundan olu\u015fur ve C60 \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir. \t ba\u011f \u015fekillerinden hangilerini olu\u015ftura- bilir? Molek\u00fcler yap\u0131dad\u0131r, elektri\u011fi iletir ve baz\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 233 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.E 5.E 6.E ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","DO\u011cADA KARBON - 2 Test \/ 5 Nanot\u00fcpler 7.\t Organik bile\u015fiklerin temel elementi kar- 9.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da karbon allotroplar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m bondur. Karbon atomu kararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin- alanlar\u0131 ile ilgili tablo haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. de 4 ba\u011f olu\u015fturur. \t Karbon \t Buna g\u00f6re karbon atomunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da- ki bile\u015fiklerden hangisini olu\u015fturmas\u0131 allotropu Kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 beklenmez? I. Grafen Elektronik ka\u011f\u0131t \t A)\t H \u2015 C C \u2015 H II. Grafit Hidrojen yak\u0131t depola- O\u2015H r\u0131nda Nanot\u00fcpler ile ilgili ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar B)\t H \u2015 C C \u2015 H III. Fulleren Kuru pil \u00fcretimi 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tek bir HHO grafit tabakas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7i bo\u015f silindir \t \t Tablonun tamamen do\u011fru olabilmesi \u015feklinde yuvarlanmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. \t C)\t H \u2015 C C \u2015 C \u2015 O \u2015 H i\u00e7in hangi iki allotropun kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 Nanometrik boyutlarda olan bu si- \t HH yer de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir? lindir t\u00fcplere nanot\u00fcp denir. \u00c7elik- ten daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve sa\u011flamd\u0131r. \t D)\t H \u2015 C \u2015 C \u2015 H \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III Bak\u0131ra g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi 15 kat, HH \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 elektrik iletkenli\u011fi 1000 kat daha O fazlad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca esnek bir mad- E)\t H \u2015 C \u2015 O \u2015 H 10.\t Karbon atomunun allotroplar\u0131ndan olan dedir. grafen ile ilgili, Hem iyi iletken hem de boyutu \t I.\t Elektriksel iletkenli\u011fi \u00e7ok iyidir. \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan cep tele- fonu, bilgisayar, flash bellek gibi \t II.\t \u00c7e\u015fitli i\u015flemler sonucunda elmastan elektronik aletlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesin- elde edilir. de \u00f6nemli rol oynar. \t III.\t \u00c7elikten daha sa\u011flam malzemedir. \u2022\tHidrojen depolama ve pillerde \t IV.\t \u015eekil verilmesi olduk\u00e7a zordur. \u2022\tOrganik pillerde \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u2022\t\u015earj edilebilir batarya yap\u0131m\u0131n- da \u2022\tDokunmatik ekran yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u2022\tKur\u015fun ge\u00e7irmez yelek yap\u0131m\u0131n- da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Grafen \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) I ve IV \t\u2001 D) II ve IV\u2001 E) I ve III\u2001 8.\t Karbon organik bile\u015fiklerin yap\u0131s\u0131nda fark- 11.\t l\u0131 \u015fekillerde olabilir. Karbon atomunun ba\u011f \u015fekilleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. Karbon atomunun bal pete\u011fi \u00f6r- \u2015C\u2015 C\u2015 C \u2015C C g\u00fcl\u00fc yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan grafen, karbon atomunun allotroplar\u0131ndan \t (a) (b) (c) (d) \t Karbon allotroplar\u0131ndan olan karbon biridir. Grafende C atomlar\u0131 kom- \t Buna g\u00f6re, O nonot\u00fcpler ile ilgili; \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 karbon atomu ile sigma (\ufffd) ve bir tane de pi (\u03c0) ba\u011f\u0131 yapar. \t HH \t I.\t Grafite uygulanan \u00f6zel i\u015flemler sonu- \t cunda elde edilirler. Grafen bilinen ilk 2 boyutlu malze- H\u2015C\u2015C C\u2015C C\u2015C\u2015O\u2015H medir. \u00c7elikten 200 kat daha kuv- \t II.\t \u015earj edilebilir batarya yap\u0131m\u0131nda kulla- vetli, \u00e7ok daha esnek, saydam \u0131s\u0131 H n\u0131l\u0131rlar. ve elektrik iletkenli\u011fi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. karbon elementi bile\u015fi\u011finin yap\u0131s\u0131nda \t III.\t Elmasdan daha serttir. \u2022\tH\u0131zl\u0131 flash haf\u0131zalar ba\u011f \u015fekilleri verilen karbon atomlar\u0131n- dan hangilerinin \u00f6rne\u011fi bulunur? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u2022\tDokunmatik ekranlarda \u2022 \tSa\u011flam ve hafif u\u00e7ak, koruma malzemeleri, askeri ara\u00e7 yap\u0131m- lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \t A) a ve b\u2001 B) c ve d\u2001 C) a ve d \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) a, b ve d\u2001 E) a, b, c ve d\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 234 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.E 11.E","LEW\u0130S FORM\u00dcLLER\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 6 1.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen molek\u00fcllerden hangi- 4.\tC2H4 bile\u015fi\u011finin Lewis g\u00f6steriminde Lewis Form\u00fclleri sinin Lewis g\u00f6sterimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131yla tekli ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 (X), \u00e7iftli ba\u011f Bir element atomunun son kat- say\u0131s\u0131 (Y) de\u011ferleri hangi se\u00e7enekte man\u0131ndaki elektronlara de\u011ferlik verilmi\u015ftir? (1H, 6C, 7N, 8O) do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? (1H, 6C) elektronlar\u0131 denir. De\u011ferlik elekt- ronlar\u0131n\u0131n atomun simgesi etra- \t Molek\u00fcl\t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi \t\tX \t Y f\u0131nda noktalar halinde g\u00f6sterilme- \t A)\t CH4 H \t A)\t 3\t 1\t sine Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 denir. \t B)\t 3\t 2\t HCH \t C)\t 5\t 1\t H2O molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 in- H \t D)\t 4\t 1\t celenirse; \t E)\t 4\t 2\t 8O : 2e\u2013) 6e\u2013) \t B)\t CO2 OCO 6 tane de\u011ferlik elektronu var. H \t C)\t CH2O 1H : 1e\u2013) \t D)\t N2 HC O 1 tane de\u011ferlik elektronu var. \t E)\t H2O NN Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik HOH elektron \u00e7iftleri 104,5\u00ba Ortaklanm\u0131\u015f elektron \u00e7iftleri 2.\t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi; 5.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki taneciklerden hangisinin Lewis Ortakla\u015fa kullan\u0131lan elektron \u00e7ift- lerine ortaklanm\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron YXY g\u00f6sterimi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u00e7ifti denir. Ba\u011f yap\u0131m\u0131na kat\u0131lma- \tY \t (1H, 3Li, 8O, 7N, 12Mg) yan de\u011ferlik elektron \u00e7iftlerine \t \u015feklinde olan bile\u015fik i\u00e7in, \t I.\t Merkez atom X 15. grup elementidir. \t A) [\u2006H \u2006]\u2006\u2212 \u2001 B) [\u2006 O \u2006]\u20062\u2212\u2001 ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron \t II.\t Molek\u00fcl apolard\u0131r. C) N \u00e7ifti denir. \t III.\t Molek\u00fclde b\u00fct\u00fcn atomlar oktetine ula\u015f- \u2001 D) [\u2006Li \u2006]\u2006+1\u2001 E) [Mg]2+\u2001 Lewis yap\u0131lar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131rken; m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t verilen bilgilerden hangileri do\u011frudur? 6.\tXY3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden 1.\t Merkez atom bulunur. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II hangisi kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? 2.\t Molek\u00fcldeki toplam de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 bulunur. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 3.\t Merkez atoma, di\u011fer atomlar tek kovalent ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u011f- lan\u0131r. 4.\t Merkez atom hari\u00e7 di\u011fer atom- lar duplet (hidrojen) ve oktede ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 5.\t Kullan\u0131lan de\u011ferlik elektronla- r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Artan varsa merkez atoma ilave edilir. 6.\t Merkez atoma bak\u0131l\u0131r. Oktede ula\u015fmad\u0131 ise 2. ya da 3. ba\u011f se\u00e7ene\u011fi ile oktede ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 3.\tH3O+ iyonu i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden \t A)\t X\u2019in n\u00f6tr halde Lewis g\u00f6sterimi X ola- NOT: bilir. hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (1H, 8O) Merkez atom, 2A ya da 3A ise oktede ula\u015fmaz. Okted a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 \t A)\t Toplam 8 elektron i\u00e7erir. \t B)\t Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron \u00e7ifti sa- \t B)\t Y\u2019nin n\u00f6tr halde Lewis g\u00f6sterimi Y kal\u0131r. y\u0131s\u0131 1\u2019dir. olabilir. \t C)\t 3 ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. \t D)\t Ortaklanm\u0131\u015f elektron say\u0131s\u0131 6\u2019d\u0131r. \t C)\t Y, bile\u015fikte dublete ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t E)\t Merkez atom oksijendir. \t D)\t X, bile\u015fikte dublete ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1.E 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.D \t E)\t X\u2019in de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131, Y\u2019ninkin- \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 den fazlad\u0131r. 235 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","LEW\u0130S FORM\u00dcLLER\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 6 Bir molek\u00fcl i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok olas\u0131 Lewis 7.\t 4Be elementi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yarg\u0131lardan 10.\t Metaller bile\u015fiklerinde elektron vererek yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7izilebilir. Do\u011fru yap\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ancak ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bi- hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? ametaller ise iyonik bile\u015fiklerinde alarak, linmesiyle sa\u011flanabilir. kovalent bile\u015fiklerinde ortakla\u015fa kullanarak \t A)\t N\u00f6tr halinin Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131, Be \u015feklin- oktet ya da dublet kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rlar. Ba\u011f Gerekli \u2212 De\u011ferlik dedir. e\u2013\u2006say\u0131s\u0131 e\u2013\u2006say\u0131s\u0131 \t Buna g\u00f6re, say\u0131s\u0131 = \t B)\t Ba\u011f kapasitesi 2\u2019dir. 2 \t C)\t Bile\u015fiklerinde oktede ula\u015f\u0131r. \t I.\t 4Be \t D)\t Metaldir. form\u00fcl\u00fcyle bulunabilir. \t E)\t 17CI ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fi\u011fin Lewis ya- \t II.\t 3Li \u00d6rne\u011fin, NCl3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde olmas\u0131 p\u0131s\u0131, \t III.\t 5B gereken de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 azot ve klor atomlar\u0131 oktet (se- \t\tCI Be CI \u015feklindedir. \t elementlerinden hangileri bu kurala uy- kizlik) kural\u0131na uyaca\u011f\u0131ndan, madan bile\u015fik yapabilir? 4 x 8 : 32 e\u2013 dur. Ancak molek\u00fcldeki de\u011ferlik e\u2013 sa- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III y\u0131s\u0131 26\u2019d\u0131r. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Bu nedenle ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131; 32 \u2212 26 = 3\u2019t\u00fcr. 2 Ba\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131 11.\t CO3\u20122 iyonu i\u00e7in; O\u2212 \t I.\t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, H \u2014 O \u2014 N+ O O \u22122 HH O OCO Ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 =5 =2 =4 8.\t I.\t 14Si \t\t OC O 34 \u2212 24 12 \u2212 8 24 \u2212 16 \t II.\t 8O \t\t \u015feklinde olabilir. 2 2 2 \t III.\t 7N \t Yukar\u0131daki elementlerin ba\u011f yapma ka- \t II.\t \u0130yondaki b\u00fct\u00fcn atomlar oktet kural\u0131na uymu\u015ftur. pasiteleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki hangi se\u00e7e- Gerekli HNO3 1 + 5 + 3 x 6 = 24 2 + 8 + 3 x 8 = 34 2 x 1 + 1 x 6 = 8 2 x 2 + 1 x 8 = 12 8 + 2 x 8 = 24 nekte do\u011fru olarak verilmi\u015ftir? \t III.\t Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 elektron say\u0131s\u0131 8\u2019dir. elektron say\u0131s\u0131 \t A) I > II > III\u2001 B) I > III > II\u2001 C) III > II > I \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur?\t (6C, 8O) \t\u2001 D) III > I > II\u2001 E) II > I > III\u2001 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II Molek\u00fcl Elektron say\u0131s\u0131 4 + 2 x 6 = 16 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 H2O CO2 12.\t X ve Y atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan bile\u015fi\u011fin NOT: 9.\t I.\t SO2 , \u2006O3 Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, Merkez atomunun oktet kura- \t II.\t H3O+ , NH3 \t XY l\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda yukar\u0131- \tY daki kural ge\u00e7ersizdir. Ancak \t III.\t BeH2 , H2O \t \u015feklindedir. merkez atomu C,N,O, olan mo- \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi lek\u00fcllerin tamam\u0131nda yukar\u0131- \t Yukar\u0131daki tanecik \u00e7iftlerinden hangile- daki form\u00fcl kullan\u0131labilir. rinin Lewis yap\u0131lar\u0131 benzerdir? yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t (4Be, 1H, 7N, 8O, 16S) \t A)\t X, 2. periyot 16. grup elementi olabilir. \t B)\t Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron \u00e7ifti sa- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III y\u0131s\u0131 2\u2019dir. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t C)\t Y, 2. periyot 7A grubu elementi olabilir. \t D)\t X ile Y ayn\u0131 periyotta olamaz. ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 236 \t E)\t Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 elektron \u00e7ifti say\u0131s\u0131 2\u2019dir. 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.E 12.C","LEW\u0130S FORM\u00dcLLER\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 7 1.\t8O\u2019in, 4. Z Soru: \t \u2012 6C \t ZX Y Bir molek\u00fcl ile ilgili, \t \u2012 1H \t \u2012 17CI \t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi \u00e7izilen molek\u00fcldeki X, \u2022\t Yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm atomlar oktet \t elementleriyle olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131, Y, Z elementleri i\u00e7in, kural\u0131na uymaktad\u0131r. \t I.\t CO2 \t II.\t H2O \t I.\t X ile Y aras\u0131nda Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, \u2022\t Ortaklanm\u0131\u015f elektron \u00e7ifti say\u0131s\u0131 \t III.\t OCI2 3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t bile\u015fiklerindeki ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik \t\t XY \u2022\t Yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm atomlarda or- elektron say\u0131s\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin hangi- \t\t \u015feklinde olan bile\u015fik olu\u015fabilir. taklanmam\u0131\u015f elektron \u00e7ifti bulu- sinde do\u011fru olarak k\u0131yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? nur. \t II.\t Y ile Z aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan bile\u015fi\u011fin Lewis \t A) I > II > III\u2001 B) I > III > II\u2001 C) II > I > III g\u00f6sterimi, bilgileri veriliyor. \t\u2001 D) III > I > II\u2001 E) III > II > I\u2001 YZ Buna g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131da \u00f6zellikleri ve- rilen bile\u015fik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangi- Z sidir? (1H, 6C, 7N, 8O, 9F, 15P, 17CI) \t\t A) NH3\u2001 B) CCI4\u2001 C) PF3 \t\t \u015feklinde olabilir. \u2001 D) CO2\u2001 E) OF2\u2001 \t III.\t X ile Z aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan bile\u015fi\u011fin Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, Z \t\t Z X Z \t\t \u015feklinde olabilir. 2.\t 6C\u2019nin, \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Bile\u015fik\t Lewis \u015fekli \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 C) I ve II Se\u00e7eneklerde verilen molek\u00fcller i\u00e7in \t I.\t HCN C Lewis g\u00f6sterimleri, C \t II.\t CH4 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t NH3 \u2192 H\u2006 \u2006N\u2006 \u2006H H \t III.\t CH2O C CI \t baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerdeki karbonun Lewis \u015fekilleri \u2022\t CCI4 \u2192 \u2006CI\u2006 \u2006C\u2006 \u2006CI\u2006 veriliyor. CI \t Buna g\u00f6re, bile\u015fiklerdeki karbon atomu- \u2022\t PF3 \u2192 \u2006F\u2006 \u2006P\u2006 \u2006F\u2006 nun Lewis \u015fekillerinden hangileri do\u011fru- F dur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u2022\t CO2 \u2192 \u2006O\u2006\u2006\u2006C\u2006\u2006\u2006O\u2006 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t OF2 \u2192 O \u2006F\u2006 \u2006F\u2006 Cevap: C 5.\t Kovalent ba\u011f olu\u015fumunda ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturan 3.\tC2H2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn Lewis g\u00f6sterimi ile elektronlar\u0131n her ikisi de ayn\u0131 atoma aitse ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen bilgilerden hangisi bu ba\u011fa koordine kovalent ba\u011f denir. yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?(6C 1H) \t NH3 + H+ \u2192 NH4+ \t A)\t Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 elektron say\u0131s\u0131 5\u2019dir. \t B)\t 2 tane polar 3 tane apolar kovalent ba\u011f \t Tepkimesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken, \t I.\t Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron \u00e7ifti i\u00e7erir. \t C)\t Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron \u00e7ifti azal\u0131r. \t II.\t Koordine kovalent ba\u011f olu\u015fur. yoktur. \t III.\t Toplam elektron say\u0131s\u0131 artar. \t D)\t Karbon oktete ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t IV.\t Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 elektron say\u0131s\u0131 artar. \t E)\t Hidrojen dublete ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\t \t \t V.\t Merkez atomun oktet kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f- 1.D 2.E 3.A 4.A 5.C mez. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (7N, 1H) \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 237","LEW\u0130S FORM\u00dcLLER\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 7 Soru: 6.\t Y X Y 9.\t 1H, 7N, 8O atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131, Y H2O, NH3 ve H2O2 molek\u00fcllerinin s\u0131ra- \t Yukar\u0131daki Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, s\u0131yla verilen, \t \u2006Y\u2006 \u2006X\u2006 \u2006Y\u2006 \t I.\t 7N\u2019nin 9F ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fik, \u2006Y\u2006 \t I.\t O H \t II.\t 8O\u2019in 1H ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu katyon, H \u015feklinde olan molek\u00fclde bulunan X ve Y atomlar\u0131n\u0131n temel hal \t III.\t 15P\u2019nin 1H ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fik, \t II.\t H N H elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki son te- H rim a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisidir? \t verilen taneciklerden hangileri i\u00e7in \u00e7i- zilmi\u015f olabilir? \t III.\t O O \u2006X \u200a\u200a\u200a \u2006Y HH A)\t s2\t\t p3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 B) II ve III\u2001 C) I ve III \t Lewis yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? B)\t p3\t\t p3 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 C)\t p3\t\t p5 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II D)\t p5\t\t s1 E)\t p5\t\t p3 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 7.\t n\u2212 10.\t I.\t HCOOH Bir molek\u00fclde bulunan atomlar\u0131n O \t II.\t SO2 de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 ortaklan- \t III.\t CO mam\u0131\u015f elektron say\u0131s\u0131 ile ba\u011f sa- X \t Yukar\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerde bulunan or- y\u0131s\u0131 toplam\u0131 ile bulunabilir. OO taklanmam\u0131\u015f elektron \u00e7ifti ili\u015fkisi han- Buna g\u00f6re, \t \u015eekildeki Lewis g\u00f6steriminde bulunan X, gi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir?\t \t I.\t 6C (C:12, S:32, O:16; H:1) X atomunun de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 II.\t 7N 5 (2\u2006+\u20063), \t \t A) II > I > III\u2001 B) II > III > I\u2001 C) III > I > II Y atomunun de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131- \t\u2001 D) I > II > III\u2001 E) I > III > II\u2001 s\u0131 7 (6\u2006+\u20061) dir. Bundan dolay\u0131 X atomunun elekt- \t III.\t 4Be ron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 p3, Y atomunun elekt- ron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 p5 ile sonlan\u0131r. \t atomlar\u0131ndan hangileri olabilir? \t (n bir tam say\u0131d\u0131r.) Cevap: C \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 11.\t Ortaklanm\u0131\u015f Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f elektron \u00e7ifti elektron \u00e7ifti say\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 \t I.\t CH3OH\t 5\t\t 2 \t II.\t CO2\t 4\t\t 4 \t III.\t HCOOH\t 5\t\t 3 8.\t Y X Y \t Yukar\u0131da baz\u0131 molek\u00fcller ile ilgili bilgiler veriliyor. Y \t Lewis g\u00f6sterimine sahip tanecikteki X, \t \u00d6nermelerden hangileri do\u011frudur?\t \t (6C, 1H, 8O) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki element atomlar\u0131ndan hangi- si olabilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) 8O\u2001 B) 7N\u2001 C) 16S\u2001 D) 6C\u2001 E) 5B \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 238 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.E 10.A 11.D","H\u0130BR\u0130TLE\u015eME VE MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETR\u0130S\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 8 1.\t \u00d6\u011fretmen Cemre\u2019den sigma ve pi ba\u011flar\u0131 4.\t CH4 molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki ba\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu s\u0131ra- Hibritle\u015fme ve Molek\u00fcl Geometrisi ile bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tablo haz\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131nda 6C atomunda de\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131- Organik bile\u015fiklerde atomlar ara- istiyor. n\u0131n enerji de\u011fi\u015fimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. s\u0131 ba\u011flar genellikle kovalenttir. \t Sigma ba\u011flar\u0131 Pi ba\u011flar\u0131 \t Enerji Enerji Kovalent ba\u011flar, orbitallerin \u00f6r- t\u00fc\u015fmesi ve ba\u011f elektronlar\u0131n or- I. Orbitallerin II. \u0130ki atom takla\u015fa kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. ba\u011f ekseninde aras\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi yaln\u0131z 1 tane 2px 2py 2pz 2px 2py 2pz \u00d6rne\u011fin, H2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde iki hidro- sonucu olu\u015fur. olu\u015fabilir. jen atomunun s orbitali \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve bir \u00e7ift elektron iki hidrojen atomu III. Hibritle\u015fmeye IV. \u0130ki atom taraf\u0131ndan ortakla\u015fa kullan\u0131l\u0131r. kat\u0131lmayan aras\u0131nda \u00e7oklu p orbitallerin ba\u011f varsa ilk 2s 2s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi olarak bu ba\u011f sonucu olu\u015fur. t\u00fcr\u00fc kopar. \t (1) (2) (3) \t Bu olayla ilgili; ss \u00d6rt\u00fc\u015fen orbitaller H2\u2019de oldu\u011fu V. H \u2012 C \u2261 C \u2012 H VI. N \u2261 N \t I.\t 1. durumdan 2. duruma ge\u00e7i\u015f endoter- gibi atomik orbitallerle ger\u00e7ekle- miktir. molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn tane bulunur. de iki tane \t II.\t 3. durumda C atomunun elektron dizili\u015fi \u015febildi\u011fi gibi hibrit orbitalleri de \t bulunur. \t\t 1s2(2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 olabilir. \t\t \u015feklindedir. \t Cemre\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tablonun tama- Bir atomda ba\u011f olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131n- da ayn\u0131 enerji d\u00fczeyinde bulunan men do\u011fru olabilmesi i\u00e7in hangi iki bil- ginin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi gerekir? \t III.\t Hibrit orbitallerinin tamam\u0131 sigma ba\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 enerjili atomik orbitallerin kayna\u015farak e\u015f enerjili yeni orbi- yapar. taller olu\u015fturmas\u0131na \u201chibritle\u015fme\u201d \t A) I ve II\u2001 B) I ve III\u2001 C) IV ve V \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? ya da \u201cmelezle\u015fme\u201d denir. Olu\u015fan \t\u2001 D) I ve VI\u2001 E) II ve III\u2001 yeni orbitallere ise \u201chibrit orbital- \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II leri\u201d denir. \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 6C atomun temel elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131- m\u0131, 2.\t 5.\t Hibritle\u015fme olay\u0131 ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- 6C : 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz0 den hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u015feklindedir. \t \t A)\t Ayn\u0131 enerji d\u00fczeyindeki farkl\u0131 orbitalle- C atomu atomik orbitalleri ile d\u00fcz kovalent ba\u011f yapamaz. CH4 rin kayna\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. molek\u00fcl\u00fc olu\u015furken C atomunun \t B)\t Olu\u015fan orbitaller e\u015f enerjilidir. 2s orbitalinde bulunan de\u011ferlik s p sp3 \t C)\t Hibrit orbitalleri hibritle\u015fmeye kat\u0131lan elektronlar\u0131ndan biri bo\u015f 2p orbi- orbital t\u00fcrlerine ve say\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ad- tali uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra 2s ve 2p \t Yukar\u0131da verilen orbitaller ile ilgili; orbitalleri hibritle\u015ferek e\u015f enerjili \t I.\t s ve p atomik orbital iken sp3 hibrit or- land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. yeni orbitaller olu\u015fturur. Hibritle\u015f- bitalidir. \t D)\t Olu\u015fan hibrit orbitallerinin tamam\u0131 her meye bir tane s, \u00fc\u00e7 tane p orbitali \t II.\t s ve p orbitallerin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu zaman ba\u011f yap\u0131m\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hibrit orbitali sp3 sigma ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur. olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \t E)\t Hibrit orbitalleri sigma ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \t III.\t s ve sp3 orbitallerinin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonu- cu pi ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur. 6.\t Periyodik tablonun 2. periyodunda bulu- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? nan X elementi 1H ile \u00fc\u00e7gen piramit geo- metriye sahip molek\u00fcl olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t X elementi ile ilgili; \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t I.\t Olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kararl\u0131 X2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde 2 3.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerden hangisinin ya- tane pi ba\u011f\u0131 bulunur. p\u0131s\u0131nda sp3 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f herhan- \t II.\t XH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi gi bir atom bulunmaz? (1H, 5B, 6C, 7N, 8O) yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t III.\t Temel elektron dizili\u015finde 1 tane e\u015fle\u015f- memi\u015f elektron i\u00e7erir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) NH3\u2001 B) CH4\u2001 C) BH3 \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) H2O\u2001 E) C2H6\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1.E 2.C 3.C 4.E 5.D 6.A 239 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","H\u0130BR\u0130TLE\u015eME VE MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETR\u0130S\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 8 Enerji 7.\t Allil alkol (C3H6O) molek\u00fcl\u00fcn ba\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131 9.\tH2O, NH3 ve CH4 molek\u00fcllerinde atomla- 2px 2py 2pz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. r\u0131n dizili\u015fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. HHH H ON 2s H \u2015 C C \u2015 C \u2015 O \u2015 H C HNH HNH \tH H H 1s \t Allil alkol molek\u00fcl\u00fc ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki soru- \t (Temel hal) lara kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki cevaplar veriliyor. Enerji \t Bu molek\u00fcller ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden \t hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (1H, 6C, 7N, 8O) 2px 2py 2pz Soru Cevap 2s I Ka\u00e7 tane sigma ba\u011f\u0131 bulunur? 9 \t A)\t Her \u00fc\u00e7 molek\u00fclde merkez atomun hib- ritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131d\u0131r. 1s II Ka\u00e7 tane pi ba\u011f\u0131 bulunur? 1 (Uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hal) 2 \t B)\t H2O da ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 104,5\u00b0 dir. Enerji III sp2 \u2012 s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan \t C)\t CH4 d\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rty\u00fczl\u00fc geometriye sa- ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? hiptir. 2sp3 2sp3 2sp3 2sp3 IV Ba\u011f yapmayan de\u011ferlik elekt- 2 ron \u00e7ifti say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? \t D)\t NH3\u2019\u00fcn VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AX3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t E)\t Yaln\u0131z CH4 apolard\u0131r. 1s V sp3 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f ka\u00e7 2 (Hibritle\u015fmi\u015f hal) atom i\u00e7erir? \t CH4 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde C atomunun \t Buna g\u00f6re, verilen cevaplardan hangisi 10.\t \u2022\t Yap\u0131s\u0131nda sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f atom hibritle\u015fmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (1H, 6C, 8O) Sigma (\ufffd) ve Pi (\u03c0) Ba\u011flar\u0131 i\u00e7erme Orbitallerin ba\u011f ekseninde u\u00e7 uca \u00f6r- \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V \t \u2022\t Polar yap\u0131l\u0131 olma t\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kovalent \t \u2022\t Pi ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erme ba\u011flara \u201csigma (\ufffd) ba\u011flar\u0131\u201d denir. \u2022\t Sigma ba\u011flar\u0131 atomik ya da H B hibrit orbitallerinin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi O HH H\u2015C\u2015H sonucu olu\u015fabilir. \u2022\t \u0130ki atom aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ilk ba\u011f sigma ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u2022\t Hibritle\u015fmeye kat\u0131lmayan p 8.\t BH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi nedir? \t H \u2015 Be \u2015 H H \u2015 C N orbitallerinin d\u00fczlemin alt\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde yan yana \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi AX3 AX3E \t \u00d6\u011fretmen Kemal\u2019den tahta \u00fczerine \u00e7izdi\u011fi sonucu olu\u015fan ba\u011flara \u201cpi ba\u011f- molek\u00fcllerden yukar\u0131daki \u00f6zelliklerden en az ikisine sahip olanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerini karala- lar\u0131\u201d denir. mas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor. \u2022\t Pi ba\u011flar\u0131 sadece atomik p orbi- BeH2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru \t Kemal molek\u00fclleri do\u011fru \u015fekilde kara- tallerinin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fur. merkez atomun geometriye sahip hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc molek\u00fcl\u00fcn VSEPR \u2022\t Atomlar aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ikinci nedir? g\u00f6sterimi nedir? ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ba\u011flar pi ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. lad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015facak \u015fekil hangi se\u00e7e- \u2022\t Ayn\u0131 atomlar aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan sigma ba\u011flar\u0131 pi ba\u011flar\u0131ndan sp2 sp AX2E2 AX2 nekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir?\t \t \t daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. (1H, 4Be, 5B, 6C, 7N) N \u2261 N mole- NH3 mole- ss sigma ba\u011f\u0131 CO2 k\u00fcl\u00fcndeki pi k\u00fcl\u00fcnde ba\u011f \t A) \t B) sp sigma ba\u011f\u0131 molek\u00fcl\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ka\u00e7 polar m\u0131d\u0131r? derecedir? ka\u00e7t\u0131r? Evet Hay\u0131r 1 2 107\u00ba 109,5\u00ba s sp3 sigma ba\u011f\u0131 \t C) \t D) \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 2. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 3. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 4. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 5. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 6. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f pp pi ba\u011f\u0131 \t Kavram haritas\u0131nda t\u00fcm sorulara do\u011f- \t E) ru cevap veren \u00f6\u011frenci ka\u00e7 no lu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA ula\u015f\u0131r? (1H, 4Be, 5B, 6C, 7N, 8O) 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.E \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 240","H\u0130BR\u0130TLE\u015eME VE MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETR\u0130S\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 9 1.\t BeH2, H2O ve NH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in merkez 3.\t H H Tekli 1 2 3 ba\u011f atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc, molek\u00fcl \u015fekli ve H \u2015x C C \u2015y C \u2015 C C C \u2015z H \u2014 1 tane sigma ba\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bilgileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kili 1 tane sigma ba\u011f\u0131 + \t HH ba\u011f 1 tane pi ba\u011f\u0131 Merkez Molek\u00fcl atomun Molek\u00fcl Ba\u011f \t Yukar\u0131daki molek\u00fcldeki x, y, z ba\u011flar\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc 1 tane sigma ba\u011f\u0131 + hibritle\u015fme \u015fekli a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve 1, 2, 3 nolu karbon atomlar\u0131 ile ilgili ba\u011f 2 tane pi ba\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? BeH2 I Do\u011frusal 180\u00b0 Karbon atomunun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc, \t A)\t 1 nolu C atomu ile 3 nolu C atomunun yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sigma ve pi ba\u011f\u0131 sa- y\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. H2O sp3 II 104,5\u00b0 hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7gen \t B)\t x ba\u011f\u0131 sigma ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. piramit NH3 sp3 III \t C)\t 2 nolu C atomunda hibritle\u015fmeye 1 \u2014C\u2014 4 sigma sp3 \t tane s, 2 tane p orbitali kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ba\u011f\u0131 karbonu \t Buna g\u00f6re, bo\u015fluklara yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gere- \t D)\t z ba\u011f\u0131 sp3 hibrit orbitallerinin s atomik kenler hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015f- tir? (1H, 4Be, 7N, 8O) orbitalleri ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fur. 3 sigma \t E)\t y ba\u011f\u0131, sp \u2012 sp3 \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu- ba\u011f\u0131 sp2 karbonu \t\t I II \u200a \t III \u015fur. \u2014C\u2014 + \t A)\t sp\t K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru\t 107\u00b0 \t B)\t sp\t K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru\t 120\u00b0 1 pi ba\u011f\u0131 \t C)\t sp2\t D\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rt y\u00fczl\u00fc\t 104,5\u00b0 \t D)\t sp\t D\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gen\t 104,5\u00b0 4.\t O H \u2014C 2 sigma sp \t E)\t sp3\t D\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gen\t 109,5\u00b0 C ba\u011f\u0131 karbonu O C O H\u2015C\u2015H H\u2015C\u2015H + 2 pi ba\u011f\u0131 H sp3\u2006\u2212\u2006s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi (a) (b) (c) sp\u2006\u2212\u2006s sp2\u2006\u2212\u2006s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi 2.\t Baz\u0131 atomik ve hibrit orbitallerinin \u015fekilleri \t HHH a, b ve c molek\u00fcllerinin yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc H\u2006\u2014\u2006C\u2006 \u2006C\u2006\u2014\u2006C\u2006\u2014\u2006C\u2006 \u2006C\u2006\u2014\u2006H \t a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde do\u011fru ve- H rilmi\u015ftir? sp sp3 sp2 \ts sp sp2 \t\t a \t b\t \u200ac Molek\u00fcl Geometrisi \t A)\t sp2\t sp3 \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t B)\t sp3\t sp\t Molek\u00fcllerin geometrisi, de\u011ferlik \t I.\t sp2\t sp kabu\u011fu elektron \u00e7ifti itme kuram\u0131 \t C)\t sp\t sp2\t sp3 (VSEPR)\u2019ndan yararlan\u0131larak bu- sp3\t sp2 lunur. VSEPR\u2019e g\u00f6re molek\u00fcl geo- \t D)\t sp\t sp2 metrisini merkez atom \u00fczerindeki \t E)\t sp3\t sp\t elektron \u00e7iftleri belirler. Merkez atom \u00fczerindeki elektron \u00e7iftleri birbirlerini iter ve bu itmeleri en aza indirebilecek \u015fekilde yerle\u015fir. \t II.\t 5.\t VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AXmEn \u015feklinde veri- \t III.\t len tanecikler ile ilgili; \t yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmelerden hangilerinin \t I.\t m = n = 2 ise, molek\u00fcl apolard\u0131r. sonucu sigma (s) ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur? \t II.\t m = 3, n = 1 ise, molek\u00fcl \u015fekli k\u0131r\u0131k do\u011f- rudur. \t III.\t m + n = 3 ise, merkez atom sp2 hibrit- le\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 241 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","H\u0130BR\u0130TLE\u015eME VE MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETR\u0130S\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 9 Molek\u00fcllerin VSEPR g\u00f6steriminde, 6.\t I.\t CH4 + Br2 \u2192 CH3Br + HBr 9.\t 2. periyot element atomlar\u0131 olan X ve Y\u2019nin A :\tMerkez atomu \t II.\t CH4 + 2O2 \u2192 CO2 + 2H2O ilk d\u00f6rt iyonla\u015fma enerjisi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da veril- X :\tMerkez atoma ba\u011fl\u0131 atom ve HO mi\u015ftir. \t \u0130yonla\u015fma Enerjisi (kJ\/mol) gruplar\u0131 \t III.\t H \u2015 C \u2015 OH [\u200aO\u200a] H \u2015 C \u2015 O \u2015 H E :\tMerkez atom \u00fczerinde bulunan Element \tH 1 \u0130E 2 \u0130E 3 \u0130E 4 \u0130E ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elekt- \t Yukar\u0131da denklemleri verilen tepkimele- ron \u00e7iftlerini g\u00f6sterir. X 900 1757 14850 21000 rin hangilerinde karbon atomunun hib- HO ritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir? Y 800 2430 3659 25000 H\u2014C\u2014H HH (AX2E2) H (AX4) \t X ve Y nin 1H ile olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin form\u00fclleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla A ve B olarak veriliyor. NO \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A ve B ile ilgili; HHH H\u2014C\u2014H \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 (AX3E) (AX3) \t I.\t A\u2019n\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc XH3\u2019t\u00fcr. \t II.\t B\u2019de merkez atom sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi Molek\u00fcllerin VSEPR g\u00f6sterimleri belirlenirken; yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7oklu ba\u011flar, tekli ba\u011f gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc- n\u00fcl\u00fcr. \t III.\t A\u2019n\u0131n molek\u00fcl \u015fekli k\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru, B\u2019nin Merkez atoma ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm gruplar molek\u00fcl \u015fekli d\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gendir. ayn\u0131 ya da farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na bak\u0131l- maks\u0131z\u0131n X olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? HH 7.\t I.\t CO2 CC \t II.\t BeH2 \t A) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z III\u2001 C) I ve II HH \t III.\t H \u2015 C C \u2015 H \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 C2H4\u2019de her bir C atomu AX3 mer- \t Yukar\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerin hangilerinde kez olu\u015fturur. atomlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 ayn\u0131 d\u00fczlemde yer al\u0131r? (1H, 4Be, 6C, 8O) H\u2014C C\u2014H C2H2\u2019de her bir C atomu AX2 mer- kez olu\u015fturur. 2. Periyot Elementlerinin H ile Olu\u015f- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II turduklar\u0131 Bile\u015fiklerin Geometrileri \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 BeH2 Merkez atom 4Be atomudur. Be\u2019nin 8.\t H 10.\t Utku \u00f6\u011fretmen hibritle\u015fme ve molek\u00fcl temel elektron dizili\u015fi, geometrisi konusunun tekrar\u0131 i\u00e7in tahtaya 4Be\u2006:\u20061s2\u20062s2 \u015fekilde olup, bile\u015fik baz\u0131 sorular yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. olu\u015ftururken 2s orbitalindeki elekt- ronlardan biri 2p orbitaline uyar\u0131- \t \u2022\tH2O\u2019da merkez atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc l\u0131r. Daha sonra 2s ve 2p orbitalleri nedir? hibritle\u015ferek sp hibrit orbitali olu- \u015fur. \t \u2022\t H\u2019nin 2. periyot 14. grup element atomu X ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu XH4 bile\u015fi\u011finin mole- Be : 1s2 (2sp)1 (2sp)1 k\u00fcl \u015fekli nedir? H \u2212 Be \u2212 H \t \u2022\t NH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda ka\u00e7 tane sigma ba\u011f\u0131 bulunur? (sp \u2212 s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fan H \u2015 C \u2015 CI kovalent ba\u011f) H \t \u2022\t VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AX2E2 olan molek\u00fcl\u00fcn \u015fekli nedir? \t Yukar\u0131daki molek\u00fcl\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u2012CI atomu yerine \u2012H atomu ba\u011flan\u0131rsa; \t \u2022\t CH4 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde H \u2012 C \u2012 H ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ka\u00e7 derecedir? Molek\u00fcl \u015fekli: Do\u011frusal \t I.\t molek\u00fcl\u00fcn polarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \t II.\t merkez atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc, \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131: 180\u00ba \t III.\t molek\u00fcldeki sigma ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 Utku \u00f6\u011fretmenin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulardan bi- \t niceliklerinden hangileri de\u011fi\u015fir? rinin cevab\u0131 de\u011fildir? VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi: AX2 Merkez:Atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc: sp \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) sp3\u2001 B) D\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rty\u00fczl\u00fc\u2001 C) 3 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru\u2001 E) 104,5\u2001 242 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 6.D 7.E 8.A 9.A 10.E","H\u0130BR\u0130TLE\u015eME VE MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETR\u0130S\u0130 - 3 Test \/ 10 1.\t Hibritle\u015fme ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifadeler do\u011f- 4.\t H BH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde merkez atom 5B\u2019dur. ru (D) \u2012 yanl\u0131\u015f (Y) olarak uygun kutucu\u011fa B 5B\u2019un temel elektron dizili\u015fi, \u201c\u00fc\u201d i\u015fareti konularak de\u011ferlendirilmek iste- HH 5B : 1s2 2s2 2p1 \u015feklindedir. niyor. 5B bile\u015fik olu\u015ftururken 2s orbita- \t \t Molek\u00fcl\u00fc ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden han- lindeki de\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131ndan \u0130fade DY gisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (5B, 1H) biri, bo\u015f 2p orbitaline uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Hibrit orbitallerinin tamam\u0131 Daha sonra 2s orbitali ve 2p or- I her zaman ba\u011f yap\u0131m\u0131na ka- bitallerinden ikisi hibritle\u015ferek e\u015f t\u0131l\u0131r. \t A)\t Merkez atom oktetini tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. enerjili \u00fc\u00e7 tane sp2 hibrit orbitali Hibritle\u015fme ayn\u0131 enerji d\u00fcze- \t B)\t Toplam dipol moment s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. olu\u015fturur. Olu\u015fan sp2 hibrit orbital- II yindeki farkl\u0131 orbitallerin kay- \t C)\t Molek\u00fcl \u015fekli d\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gendir. leri H atomunun s orbitali ile \u00f6rt\u00fc- na\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. \u015ferek sigma ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. III sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f kar- \t D)\t 120\u00b0 lik ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. H sp2 \u2212 s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi bon atomu 4 sigma ba\u011f\u0131 yapar. sonucu olu\u015fan \t \t E)\t Merkez atom sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f- B sigma ba\u011f\u0131 \t T\u00fcm ifadeler hatas\u0131z olarak de\u011ferlen- t\u0131r. H H dirdi\u011finde olu\u015facak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc hangi se- \u00e7enekte do\u011fru verilmi\u015ftir? \t A) \u00fc \u2001 B) \u00fc \u2001 C) \u00fc 5.\t 1.\t O C O \u00fc\u00fc \u00fc \t 2.\t N Molek\u00fcl \u015fekli: D\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gen HHH \u00fc\u00fc\u00fc HH Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131: 120\u00ba \t\u2001 D) \u00fc \u2001 E) \u00fc \u2001 \t 3.\t H \u2015 C C \u2015 C C \u2015 H VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi: AX3 \u00fc \u00fc Merkez atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc: sp2 \u00fc \u00fc O CH4 \t 4.\t H \u2015 C \u2015 O \u2015 H CH4 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde merkez atom \t Umut, Ceren, Cemre ve Utku \u00fczerinde yu- 6C\u2019dur. 6C atomunun temel elektron dizili\u015fi, 6C : 1s2 2s2 2p2 \u015feklindedir. 2.\t Sigma ve pi ba\u011flar\u0131 ile ilgili; kar\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kartonlar\u0131 6C bile\u015fik olu\u015ftururken 2s orbita- al\u0131yor ve kartondaki molek\u00fcl\u00fcn i\u00e7erdi\u011fi sig- lindeki de\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131ndan \t I.\t Her ikisi de bir \u00e7ift elektronun ortakla\u015fa ma ba\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckten b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe biri bo\u015f 2p orbitaline uyar\u0131l\u0131r. Daha kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131ralan\u0131yor. sonra 2s orbitali ve 2p orbitallerin- den \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc hibritle\u015ferek e\u015f enerjili d\u00f6rt \t II.\t \u0130ki atom aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ilk ba\u011f sigma tane sp3 hibrit orbitali olu\u015fturur. ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Olu\u015fan sp3 hibrit orbitalleri H ato- \t III.\t Pi ba\u011flar\u0131 atomik p orbitallerinin ba\u011f munun s orbitali ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ferek sigma d\u00fczleminin alt\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde paralel \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fur. ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Umut Ceren Cemre Utku H sp3 \u2212 s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fan C sigma ba\u011f\u0131 HHH \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t Buna g\u00f6re, \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t I.\t Cemre\u2019nin elindeki kartonda 4 nolu molek\u00fcl bulunmaktad\u0131r. 3.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerden hangisinin \t II.\t \u00d6\u011frenciler molek\u00fcldeki pi ba\u011flar\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckten b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe s\u0131ralanmak is- geometrisi yanl\u0131\u015f verilmi\u015ftir? \t \t tendi\u011finde Ceren ile Umut\u2019un yer de- (1H, 4Be, 5B, 6C, 7N, 8O) \u011fi\u015ftirmesi yeterlidir. Molek\u00fcl \u015fekli: D\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rty\u00fczl\u00fc \t Molek\u00fcl\t Molek\u00fcl geometrisi \t III.\t Ceren\u2019in elindeki kartonda yer alan Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131: 109,5\u00ba K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru molek\u00fcl\u00fcn merkez atomu sp3 hibritle\u015f- VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi: AX4 \t A)\t H2O\t \u00dc\u00e7gen piramit mesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t B)\t NH3\t Do\u011frusal Merkez atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc: sp3 \t C)\t BeH2\t D\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gen \t D)\t BH3\t D\u00fczg\u00fcn d\u00f6rty\u00fczl\u00fc \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t E)\t CO2\t \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 243 1.B 2.E 3.E 4.A 5.D ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","H\u0130BR\u0130TLE\u015eME VE MOLEK\u00dcL GEOMETR\u0130S\u0130 - 3 Test \/ 10 NH3 6.\t C2H2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n 9.\t O H Merkez atom 7N\u2019dir. N atomunun te- atomik orbitallerinin hibrit orbitallerine d\u00f6- mel elektron dizili\u015fi, n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. H\u2015C\u2015C\u2015H 7N : 1s2 2s2 2p3 \u015feklindedir. \t H \t Molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden NH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc olu\u015furken N atomun- daki 2s ve 2p orbitalleri hibritle\u015ferek hangisi bulunmaz? e\u015f enerjili d\u00f6rt tane sp3 hibrit orbitali \t A)\t sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f karbon atomu olu\u015fturur. Olu\u015fan hibrit orbitallerin- \t B)\t sigma ba\u011f\u0131 \t C)\t pi ba\u011f\u0131 den \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi H atomunun s orbitali \t s p p p Hibritle\u015fme \t D)\t sp hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f karbon atomu ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ferek sigma ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftu- \t \t E)\t sp3 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f karbon atomu rur. \t Buna g\u00f6re, I.\t Olu\u015fan hibrit orbitalleri sp olarak ad- N: 1s2(2sp3)2(2sp3)1(2sp3)1(2sp3)1 \t land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. II.\t p orbitallerinin tamam\u0131 hibritle\u015fmeye N sp3 \u2212 s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. HHH sonucu olu\u015fan sigma ba\u011f\u0131 \t III.\t C atomu 2 sigma 2 pi ba\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II 10.\t H \u2015 N \u2015 H \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Molek\u00fcl \u015fekli: \u00dc\u00e7gen piramit H Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131: 107\u00ba 7.\t Karbon atomunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu CO2 ve \t Lewis form\u00fcl\u00fc verilen NH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc ile il- CH4 molek\u00fclleri ile ilgili; gili sorulara a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki cevaplar veriliyor. VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi: AX3E \t Merkez atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc: sp3 I.\t Her iki molek\u00fclde de karbon atomlar\u0131 \t Soru Cevap oktetini tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t II.\t CH4\u2019deki ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 CO2\u2019dekinden b\u00fc- I Ba\u011f yapmayan de\u011ferlik elekt- 1 y\u00fckt\u00fcr. ron \u00e7ifti say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? H2O \t III.\t CO2 ve CH4 apolar yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. II Molek\u00fcl polar m\u0131d\u0131r? Evet \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? Merkez atom 8O\u2019dur. O atomunun III Ka\u00e7 tane sigma ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erir? 3 temel elektron dizili\u015fi, \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II IV N atomunun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc sp2 8O : 1s2 2s2 2p4 \u015feklindedir. nedir? H2O molek\u00fcl\u00fc olu\u015furken O atamun- \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t V Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ka\u00e7 derecedir? 107\u00b0 daki 2s ve 2p orbitalleri hibritle\u015fe- rek e\u015f enerjili d\u00f6rt sp3 hibrit orbitali 8.\t \t Buna g\u00f6re, verilen cevaplardan hangisi olu\u015fturur. Olu\u015fan hibrit orbitalinden hatal\u0131d\u0131r? iki tanesi H atomunun s orbitalleri ile X \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ferek sigma ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Y ZTM N:1s2(2sp3)2(2sp3)2(2sp3)1(2sp3)1 O sp3 \u2212 s \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V HH sonucu olu\u015fan sigma ba\u011f\u0131 \t Periyodik tabloda yerleri verilen X, Y, Z, T ve M element atomlar\u0131n\u0131n 1H ile olu\u015f- Molek\u00fcl \u015fekli: K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru \t turdu\u011fu XH2, YH3, ZH4, TH3, H2M bile- 11.\t I.\t sp \u2012 sp2 \t \u015fikleri ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131: 104,5\u00ba yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t II.\t sp3 \u2012 s VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi: AX2E2 A)\t XH2\u2019nin Lewis form\u00fcl\u00fc H X H \u015feklinde- \t III.\t s \u2012 s Merkez atomun hibritle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc: sp3 dir. \t Yukar\u0131da verilen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmelerden hangi- B)\t YH3 apolard\u0131r. lerinin sonucu her zaman sigma ba\u011f\u0131 C)\t ZH4\u2019de Z sp2 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. olu\u015fur? D)\t TH3\u2019\u00fcn VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AX3E\u2019dir. \t E)\t H2M\u2019nin geometri \u015fekli k\u0131r\u0131k do\u011frudur. \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t 244 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 6.E 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.D 11.E","B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 11 1.\t VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AX2 \u015feklinde olan bir 4.\t Hibrit orbitalleri ile ilgili; Soru: bile\u015fik i\u00e7in, \t I.\t Enerjileri e\u015fittir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen bile\u015fik form\u00fclleri- \t I.\t Do\u011frusal geometriye sahiptir. \t II.\t Enerjileri s orbitalinden fazlad\u0131r. ne ait molek\u00fcl geometrik \u015fekli ve \t II.\t En az 2 ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. \t III.\t Enerjileri p orbitalinden azd\u0131r. VSEPR g\u00f6sterimlerinden hangisi \t III.\t Apolard\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III Molek\u00fcl rudur? Bile\u015fik geometrik VSEPR form\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekli g\u00f6sterimi \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 A) CH4 D\u00fczg\u00fcn AX4 d\u00f6rt y\u00fczl\u00fc \t\u2001 D) I ve II\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 B) BH3 D\u00fczlem AX3 \u00fc\u00e7gen C) NH3 \u00dc\u00e7gen AX3E piramit D) H2O K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru AX2E2 E) C2H4 Do\u011frusal AX2 2.\tCH4 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde, \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t I.\t 4 ba\u011f vard\u0131r. 5.\t Do\u011frusal geometriye sahip bir molek\u00fcl H 120\u00ba H \t II.\t Molek\u00fcl apolard\u0131r. i\u00e7in, C2H4 \u2192 C C d\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gen \t III.\t Karbonun s ve p orbitalleri 4 tane hid- \t I.\t Merkez atom metaldir. HH rojenle ba\u011f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \t II.\t Merkez atom ametaldir. VSEPR \u2192 AX3 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t \t III.\t Ba\u011flar kovalenttir. (6C, 1H) Cevap: E \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011fru olabilir? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III Soru: \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u2022\t CO2 \u2022\t BeCl2 \u2022\t BH3 \u2022\t NH3 \u2022\t H3O+ Yukar\u0131daki tanecikler molek\u00fcl geometrilerine g\u00f6re iki\u015fer- li olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hangi tanecik bo\u015fta kal\u0131r? 3.\t Farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr atom i\u00e7eren apolar bir mole- A) CO2\u2001 B) BeCl2\u2001 C)BH3 \u2001 D) NH3\u2001 E) H3O+ k\u00fcl i\u00e7in, \t \u2022\t Polar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. 6.\t Lewis elektron nokta yap\u0131s\u0131nda 2 nokta \t \u2022\t Apolar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. bulunduran X atomu i\u00e7in, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t \u2022\t Yo\u011fun fazda tanecikleri aras\u0131nda Lon- den hangisi kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? CO2 \u2212 BeCl2 Do\u011frusal don etkile\u015fimi vard\u0131r. NH3 \u2212 H3O+ \u00dc\u00e7gen piramit \t A)\t Metaldir. \t \u2022\t Y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 simetriktir. \t B)\t Soygazd\u0131r. BH3 D\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gen Cevap: C \t \u2022\t Sadece s ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \t C)\t 2A grubundad\u0131r. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7 tanesi kesinlikle do\u011f- rudur? \t D)\t Temel hal elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda yar\u0131 dolu orbitali vard\u0131r. \t A) 1\u2001 B) 2\u2001 C) 3\u2001 D) 4\u2001 E) 5 \t E)\t Oda \u015fartlar\u0131nda kat\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.E 5.E 6.D 245 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 1 Test \/ 11 Soru: 7.\t Oksijenle (8O), 11.\tO3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden Merkez atomun \t I.\t 1H hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? (8O) hibrit t\u00fcr\u00fc Molek\u00fcl \t II.\t 17CI \t A)\t VSEPR form\u00fcl\u00fc AX3E \u015feklindedir. H \t B)\t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, \t III.\t 9F I.\tH \u2014 C \u2014 H\t sp3 \t atomlar\u0131ndan hangileri a\u00e7\u0131sal geometri- H sp2 ye sahip bile\u015fik olu\u015fturur? \t O II.\t O \t\t \t\t OO HH \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \t\t \u015feklindedir. III.\tH \u2014 Be \u2014 H\t sp \t C)\t 3 ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. Yukar\u0131da yap\u0131 form\u00fclleri verilen \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t D)\t K\u0131r\u0131k do\u011fru geometriye sahiptir. molek\u00fcllerin merkez atom hibrit t\u00fcrlerinden hangileri do\u011frudur? \t E)\t 6 tane ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlik elektron \u00e7ifti i\u00e7erir. A)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009II \t\t B)\u2009\u2009I\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009III C)\u2009\u2009II\u2009\u2009ve\u2009\u2009III\t\t D) Yaln\u0131z I E) I, II ve III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 8.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerden hangisinde I.\tCH4 \u2192 Do\u011frultu sp3 - sp3 \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 sigma (s) \u200as\u200a ay\u0131s\u0131 4 ba\u011f\u0131 yoktur? (6C, 1H) (sp3) II.\tH2O \u2192 Do\u011frultu 4(sp3) \t A) C2H6\u2001 B) C3H8\u2001 C) CH4 12.\tSO32- iyonu i\u00e7in, \t \u2006say\u0131s\u0131 2 \t I.\t Lewis g\u00f6sterimi, \t Ortaklanmam\u0131\u015f \t elektron say\u0131s\u0131 2 \t\u2001 D) C4H10\u2001 E) C5H12\u2001 O 2\u2212 OS III.\tBeH2 \u2192 Do\u011frultu say\u0131s\u0131 2 (sp) \t\t O Cevap: B \t\t \u015feklindedir. \t II.\t 3 tane polar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. Soru: \t III.\t Rezonans yap\u0131 i\u00e7erir. NH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc ile ilgili; \t bilgilerinden hangileri do\u011frudur?\t (8O, 16S) I.\tVSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AX3E\u2019dir. 9.\t XY2 molek\u00fcl\u00fc apolar karekterlidir. II.\tSuda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \t Buna g\u00f6re, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgilerden hangisi III.\tYap\u0131s\u0131ndaki azot atomunun yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III elektron dizili\u015fi, 1s2(2sp3)2 (2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 \t A)\t Merkez atom X\u2019tir. \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t B)\t Ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, 180\u00ba\u2019dir. \u015feklindedir. \t C)\t Polar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. \t D)\t Bile\u015fikte en fazla 2 ba\u011f bulunur. yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? (7N, 1H) A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) I ve II\t\t D) I ve III \t E)\t X\u2019in hibrit t\u00fcr\u00fc sp\u2019dir. E) I, II ve III \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: 13.\tAX2 \u015feklinde VSEPR form\u00fcl\u00fc olan \u00fc\u00e7 N 10.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki molek\u00fcllerden hangisinin atomlu bir bile\u015fik i\u00e7in, \t I.\t Merkez atomda hibrit t\u00fcr\u00fc sp\u2019dir. HH H VSEPR form\u00fcl\u00fc AX2E2 de\u011fildir? \t \t II.\t s ba\u011f say\u0131s\u0131 2\u2019dir. (1H, 4B, 8O, 9F, 16S, 17CI) \t III.\t Apolard\u0131r. Lewis \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilir. Polar ol- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri kesinlikle do\u011f- du\u011fu i\u00e7in suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. rudur? VSEPR form\u00fcl\u00fc, AX3E\u2019dir. Hibrit elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frudur. Cevap: E \t A) H2S\u2001 B) BeF2\u2001 C) H2O \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) I ve II\u2001 C) I ve III \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) SCI2\u2001 E) OF2\u2001 \t\u2001 D) II ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 246 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 7.E 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B","B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 12 1.\t F.W\u00f6hler anorganik reaktiflerden organik 4.\t Erime ve kaynama Soru: madde sentezleyerek organik bile\u015fiklerin noktalar\u0131 genellikle laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda anorganik bile\u015fik- lerinden sentezlenebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. y\u00fcksektir. HH Tepkimelerde anorganik bile\u015fikler organik bile\u015fiklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fi gibi organik bile- Genellikle Organik CC \u015fikler de anorganik bile\u015fiklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar. bile\u015fikler HH \t Buna g\u00f6re, O Yap\u0131lar\u0131nda hem Anorganik iyonik, hem de bile\u015fikler Atomlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flanma \u015fekli veri- \t I.\t NH4OCN \u2192 NH2 \u2015 C \u2015 NH2 kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erirler. len C2H4 molek\u00fcl\u00fc ile ilgili, \t\t tepkimesinde organik bile\u015fik, anorga- Temel kaynaklar I.\tMolek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar ayn\u0131 nik bile\u015fikten elde edilmi\u015ftir. minerallerdir. d\u00fczlemdedir. \t II.\t CH4 + 2O2 \u2192 CO2 + 2H2O Genellikle kendine II.\tKarbon atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \t\t tepkimesinde \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tamam\u0131 organiktir. has kokular\u0131 vard\u0131r. ba\u011flar\u0131n tamam\u0131 sp2 \u2212 sp2 orbitallerinin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu \t III.\t C2H4 + HCI \u2192 C2H5CI olu\u015fur. \t\t tepkimesinin girenlerinde hem organik III.\tKarbon \u2212 hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n hem de anorgonik bile\u015fik bulunur. tamam\u0131 teklidir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t Yukar\u0131da organik ve anorganik bile\u015fiklere yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II ait baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikler verilmi\u015ftir. \t Bu \u00f6zelliklerin ait olduklar\u0131 bile\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ile e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi hangi se\u00e7enekte do\u011f- ru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) Yaln\u0131z III \t A) \u2001 B) \u2001 C) \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 2.\t 2. periyot elementi olan X in H ile olu\u015ftur- \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: du\u011fu bile\u015fik ile ilgili; \t \u2022\t 1 molek\u00fcl\u00fc 4 tane atom i\u00e7eriyor. Karbon atomlar\u0131 sp2 hibritle\u015fme- si yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl geometrisi \t \u2022\t Polar yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \t\u2001 \u200aD) \u2001 E) \u2001 d\u00fczlem \u00fc\u00e7gendir. Karbon \u2212 karbon ba\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7ift ba\u011f, karbon \u2212 hidrojen \t bilgileri veriliyor. ba\u011flar\u0131 ise tekli ba\u011fd\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re, bile\u015fi\u011fin form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki- Karbon \u2212 karbon ba\u011flar\u0131ndan biri sp2 \u2212 sp2 hibrit orbitallerinin lerden hangisidir? eksen \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu meydana gelirken (sigma ba\u011f\u0131) \t (1H, 4Be, 5B, 6C, 7N, 8O) di\u011feri p orbitallerinin eksen para- \t lel \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu (p \u2212 p \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f- mesi) pi ba\u011f\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. \t A) BeH2\u2001 B) BH3\u2001 C) CH4 Cevap: D \t\u2001 D) H2O\u2001 E) NH3\u2001 3.\t Bir grup \u00f6\u011frenci laboratuvarda kafein bi- 5.\t Karbon atomu kararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerinde 4 ba\u011f le\u015fi\u011finin nicel analizi yaparak 194 gram yapar. Bu ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 4 sigma, 3 sigma +1 pi kafeinin 32 gram oksijen (O), 96 gram kar- bon (c), 10 gram hidrojen (H) ve 56 gram ya da 2 sigma +2 pi ba\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde yapabilir. azot (N) i\u00e7erdi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. \t Buna g\u00f6re, O \t Buna g\u00f6re, kafein ile ilgili; \t I.\t Karbon atomu CH2 C \u2015 OH bile\u015fi- \t I.\t Basit form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H5N2O\u2019dur. \u011fini olu\u015fturamaz. \t II.\t Yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki elementlerden k\u00fctlece y\u00fcz- \t II.\t CH4(metan) bile\u015fi\u011finin yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de bile\u015fimi en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan C\u2019dir. karbon atomu pi ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ermez. \t III.\t 97 gram\u0131n\u0131n 5 gram hidrojendir. \t III.\t H \u2015 C N bile\u015fi\u011finin yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki kar- bon atomunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigma ba\u011f say\u0131- \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? s\u0131, pi ba\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir. \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol, N:14 g\/mol, \t \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? O:16 g\/mol) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 247 1.D 2.E 3.E 4.B 5.E ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA","B\u00d6L\u00dcM TEST\u0130 - 2 Test \/ 12 Soru: 6.\t A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da karbon elementinin allotroplar\u0131 ile 8.\t NH3, CH2O ve H2O bile\u015fiklerinin elektron CO2 ile BeCI2 molek\u00fclleri i\u00e7in; ilgili kavram haritas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. nokta modelleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir. I.\tPolar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erme \tI II \t HNH H II.\tApolar yap\u0131l\u0131 olma Elmas ve grafitin Grafen, \u00e7elikten \t H HC O HOH III.\tMerkez atomun hibrit t\u00fcr\u00fc fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri 300 kat daha verilen \u00f6zelliklerden hangisi ayn\u0131- sa\u011flamd\u0131r. \t Buna g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi farkl\u0131d\u0131r. yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? d\u0131r? (4Be, 6C, 8O, 17CI) Karbonun Allotroplar\u0131 A) Yaln\u0131z I\t\t B) Yaln\u0131z II C) I ve II\t\t D) II ve III V III \t A)\t NH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fc 3 tane kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. Karbon nanot\u00fcpler Grafitte karbon \t B)\t Yaln\u0131z CH2O pi ba\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erir. E) I, II ve III \t C)\t H2O\u2019nun VSEPR g\u00f6sterimi AX2E2\u2019dir. \t D)\t NH3\u2019\u00fcn molek\u00fcl geometrisi CH2O ile elmasa yap\u0131lan atomlar\u0131 alt\u0131gen ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u00f6zel i\u015flemler sonu- halkalar olu\u015fturur. \t E)\t NH3, H2O\u2019da iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. cunda elde edilir. IV Fullerenler top, t\u00fcp, \u00e7ubuk ya \t da halka \u015feklinde olabilir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: \t Buna g\u00f6re kavram haritas\u0131nda verilen bilgilerden hangisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? \u2022\t CO2 \u2192 \u2006O\u2006\u2006\u2006C\u2006\u2006\u2006O\u2006 \t A) I\u2001 B) II\u2001 C) III\u2001 D) IV\u2001 E) V 9.\t C atomunun de\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131n\u0131n sp3 -\t2 tane polar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. hibrit orbitalleri olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ile ilgili; \t I.\t Olu\u015fan sp3 hibrit orbitallerinin enerjisi -\tApolar yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. (AX2) -\tMerkez atom (C) hibrit t\u00fcr\u00fc 2s atomik orbitalleri ile 2p atomik orbi- tallerinin enerjileri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. sp\u2019dir. \t II.\t E\u015f enerjili 4 hibrit orbitali olu\u015fur. \u2022\t BeCI2 \u2192 \u2006CI\u2006 \u2006Be\u2006 \u2006CI\u2006 \t III.\t CH2\u2006 \u2006CH\u2006\u2015\u2006CH3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131- -\t2 tane polar kovalent ba\u011f i\u00e7erir. s\u0131nda sp3 hibritle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015f 2 tane -\tApolar yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. (AX2) karbon atomu bulunur. -\tMerkez atomun hibrit t\u00fcr\u00fc sp\u2019dir. \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 Cevap: E 7.\t X ve Y bile\u015fikleri yaln\u0131zca karbon (C) ve hidrojen (H) elementlerini i\u00e7ermektedir. X ve Y bile\u015fiklerin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi k\u00fctlece C ve H oranlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikte verilmi\u015ftir. \t CH CH 10.\t 4 karbonlu X hidrokarbonun yap\u0131s\u0131nda, 9k k 4n n \t \u2022\t sp \u2012 sp \t \u2022\t sp \u2012 sp2 \tX Y \t \u2022\t sp \u2012 s \t X ve Y bile\u015fikleri ile ilgili; \t \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fan ba\u011flar bulun- \t I.\t X bile\u015fi\u011finin form\u00fcl\u00fc C3H4 olabilir. maktad\u0131r. \t II.\t Y bile\u015fi\u011finin 25 gram\u0131nda 20 gram C \t Buna g\u00f6re X bile\u015fi\u011fi, bulunur. \t I.\t CH C \u2015 CH CH2 \t II.\t CH3 \u2015 C C \u2015 CH3 \t III.\t Y bile\u015fi\u011finin basit form\u00fcl\u00fc CH4\u2019t\u00fcr. \t III.\t CH2 CH \u2015 CH CH2 \t yarg\u0131lar\u0131ndan hangileri do\u011frudur? \t verilenlerden hangileri olabilir? \t (H:1 g\/mol, C:12 g\/mol) \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \t A) Yaln\u0131z I\u2001 B) Yaln\u0131z II\u2001 C) I ve II \u00dcN\u0130TE - 8 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 \t\u2001 D) I ve III\u2001 E) I, II ve III\u2001 ORGAN\u0130K K\u0130MYA 248 6.E 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.A","\u00dcN\u0130TE 9 ORGAN\u0130K B\u0130LE\u015e\u0130KLER","KAZANIMLAR Anahtar kavramlar: aldehit, alifatik bile\u015fik, alkan, alken, alkil halojen\u00fcr, alkin, alkol, aromatik bile\u015fik, ester, eter, fonksiyonel grup, halkal\u0131 yap\u0131lar, hidrokarbon, izomerlik, karboksilik asit, keton, ya\u011f asidi, yap\u0131sal izomerlik, zincir yap\u0131l\u0131 bile\u015fikler \u25ba\tHIDROKARBONLAR Hidrokarbon t\u00fcrlerini ay\u0131rt eder. Basit alkanlar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. a. Yanma ve halojenlerle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerinde durulur. b. Yap\u0131sal izomerlik ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri \u00fczerinde durulur. c. Alkanlar\u0131n yak\u0131tlarda LPG, benzin, motorin (dizel), fueloil, katran ve asfalt \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin bile\u015fenleri] kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, hekzan\u0131n ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fc- c\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulan\u0131r. \u00e7. Benzinlerde oktan say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda okuma par\u00e7as\u0131 verilir. Basit alkenlerin adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. a. Cis-trans izomerlik \u00fczerinde durulur. b. Alkenlerin kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 olarak alkil halojen\u00fcr ve alkoller i\u00e7in ham madde olduklar\u0131 vurgulan\u0131r. c. Alkenlerin g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisindeki kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve polimerle\u015fme \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilir. Basit alkinlerin adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. Asetilenin \u00fcretimi, kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131, kat\u0131lma \u00f6zellikleri ve birincil patlay\u0131c\u0131 tuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. Di\u011fer alkin \u00f6rneklerine girilmez. Basit aromatik bile\u015fiklerin adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. Benzen, naftalin, anilin, toluen ve fenol bile\u015fikleri tan\u0131t\u0131larak yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na de\u011finilir. \u25ba\t FONKSIYONEL GRUPLAR Organik bile\u015fikleri fonksiyonel gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r. Alkil-gruplar\u0131na, hidroksi-, alkoksi-, halo-, karbonil-, karboksil-, amino-, nitro-, fenil- gruplar\u0131 ba\u011flan\u0131nca olu\u015fan bile\u015fikler genel olarak tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. \u25ba\tALKOLLER Alkolleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rarak adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. a. Etanol\u00fcn fermantasyon y\u00f6ntemi ile elde edili\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. b. Etanol\u00fcn alkil halojen\u00fcrlerden ve alkenlerden elde edili\u015fi \u00fczerinde durulur. c. Alkollerin hidroksil say\u0131s\u0131na ve alfa karbonundaki alkil say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u00e7. 1-4 karbonlu mono alkoller, etandiol (glikol) ve propantriol (gliserin) \u00fczerinde durulur. d. Metanol\u00fcn zehirli \u00f6zellikleri vurgulan\u0131r. e. Etanol\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131r. f. Etanol\u00fcn biyoyak\u0131t i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulan\u0131r. \u25ba\tETERLER Eterleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rarak adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. a. Asimetrik-simetrik eter ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. b. Eterlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerine vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131r. c. Fonksiyonel grup izomerli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanarak eterlerin alkollerle izomerli\u011fine de\u011finilir. \u25ba\t KARBONIL BILE\u015eIKLERI Karbonil bile\u015fiklerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rarak adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. a. Aldehit ve ketonlar\u0131 ay\u0131rt edecek d\u00fczeyde yap\u0131sal ili\u015fki kurularak indirgenme-y\u00fckseltgenme \u00f6zelliklerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011f- lan\u0131r. b. Aldehitlere \u00f6rnek olarak formaldehit, asetaldehit ve benzaldehit; ketonlara \u00f6rnek olarak aseton verilir. c. Aldehit ve ketonlar\u0131n fonksiyonel grup izomerliklerine de\u011finilir. \u00e7. Aldehit ve ketonlar\u0131n g\u0131da ve kozmetik sanayinde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. \u25ba\t KARBOKSILIK ASITLER Karboksilik asitleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rarak adlar\u0131n\u0131, form\u00fcllerini ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. a. Formik asit, asetik asit, salisilik asit, ftalik asit, sitrik asit, malik asit, folik asit ve benzoik asit tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fcz zincirli monokarboksilli asitlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin form\u00fcllerine girilmez. b. Doymu\u015f ve doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f asitleri tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r."]